Davao Research Journal ISSN 2244-4432

The Official R & D Publication of Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology

Fisheries

Fisheries resources in five Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Davao Oriental

Bernadette J. NANUAL

Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences Regional Integrated Coastal Resource Management Center – Region XI Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology, Guang-guang, Dahican, City of Mati, Davao Oriental 8200

Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: Fisheries profiling along with other key bio- resources and habitats was conducted in 2012 in five marine protected area (MPA) sites of the coastal corridor of Davao Oriental. This was done to generate information that will aid in the resource management efforts of the local govern- ment and mandated line agencies. Daily catch monitoring was made for four consecutive months and market informa- tion was examined through an enumerator stationed in each site. From the information gathered, it appears that all the monitored sites were predominantly engaged in municipal fishing and in capture fisheries. Both motorized and non- motorized boats were utilized. Net and hook-and-line gear were largely used. Specific fishing gear was employed to capture specific species. The fish catch was comprised of reef and offshore species but the latter contributes more to the catch. Catch was largely sold fresh and traded locally. Catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) during the monitoring months (June – August) for all gear types was low that is less than 1 kg h-1 of fishing. Squid, needlefish and round-eyed scad dominated the catch. CPUE is highest in Brgy. San Ignacio, Manay for both hook and line and squid jigger. Gear combination increases the efficiency of fishing effort as can be confirmed from the higher CPUE.

Keywords: Davao Oriental fisheries, fisheries management, Pujada Bay, coastal resources, Davao Oriental MPAs

Davao Res J 2014; 10: 37-46 37 Fisheries Profile of Pujada Bay Corridor Nanual

Introduction

Davao Oriental is a coastal province (DOSCST) were basically centered on com- located in the eastern part of Mindanao. position and distribution of coral benthos, Eleven of its 16 municipalities are coastal. macro benthos (particularly molluscs), fishes This location has endowed the province with (reef fish and capture fishes), mangroves, sea coastal and marine resources that served its grasses, and algae particularly in Pujada Bay population of 517,618 (as of 2010) from food area.5,6 to livelihood, recreation, and education. The The present research was conducted to area produces an estimated 19,391 mt of address the limited database on marine fishery products in 2004, 17,802 mt in 2005 resources particularly on fisheries resources. and 17,247 mt in 2006, placing the province Such information is needed in coming up with second in fish production in the region.1 sensible resource management program in the Because it provides an important life- area. support system, it is imperative that the province’s coastal corridor be managed Materials and Methods properly to be sustained. It has already exhibited degraded habitats and dwindling Fisheries profiling was focused on five resources. In the conduct of participatory sites in the province. These areas had estab- coastal resource assessment (PCRA) along the lished MPA or had considered establishment coastal areas of Mati City in 2003 to 2004 of an MPA. Field enumerators were stationed during the coastal resource management at the landing site of each study area to record (CRM) project implementation in the area, the daily catch of the fishermen who landed fishers agreed that fish catch has been de- their catch at the site. Information's obtained creasing over the years and that their present include kinds of fishes caught, gear/s used, catch in the reef area averaged only 2 kg / time spent on fishing, number of fishers operation.2,3 involved in the operation, and fishing area. Resource assessment is an important aid Market activities (i.e., how much of the catch and where the catch is sold, if processing of in creating management measures that are 7 appropriate and effective. There is limited the catch is done) were also noted. information of what resources are available in Catch-per-unit effort (CPUE) for each this environment; their status, abundance, gear type per fishing operation was computed relationships, and how they are affected by following the formula: terrigenous processes. Among the few researches conducted in the area was that Total catch made by the University of the Philippines - CPUE = ̶̶̶ ̶̶̶ ̶̶̶ ̶̶̶ ̶̶̶ ̶̶̶ ̶̶̶ ̶̶̶ ̶̶̶ ̶̶̶ ̶̶̶ Marine Science Institute (UP-MSI) during the Total effort conduct of their Pacific Seaboard R&D Pro- where, gram (PACSEA). This project investigated taxonomic basis for major marine taxa as well Total catch = sum of the total catch as examined potential marine protected areas per gear per fishing operation on the basis of biodiversity, risk, habitat Total effort = sum of the product of condition, and fishing pressure data.4 On the number of fishers and time spent other hand, researches of the Davao Oriental fishing (# of fishers x time spent State college of Science and Technology fishing) per gear per fishing operation

Davao Res J 2014; 10: 37-46 38 Fisheries Profile of Pujada Bay Corridor Nanual

Results and Discussion Fisheries in the assessed sites are basi- cally municipal and capture fishery. Both mo- torized and non-motorized boats were utilized (Figure 1). Gillnet and hook and line are the major fishing gears employed in the area. Some gears are specific to certain sites. For example, beach seine (baling) is reported only in San Ignacio, Manay, scoop net (sikpaw) only in Jovellar, Tarragona while long line (bira-bira) is employed only in Luban (Table 1). Figure 2 shows pictures of some of these fishing gears in the area. Figure 1. Docked fishing boats in Manay.

Table 1. Composition of fishing gear in the surveyed sites Fishing Gear San Ignacio, Jovellar, Lawigan, Lanca, Luban, Manay Tarragona Mati Mati Mati Gillnet P P P P Beach seine P Multiple Hook P P P P & Line (palangre, un- dak, istambre, subid) Squid jigger P P P (saranggat) Single Hook & P P P P P Line (pasol, bingwit, latak, pataw, palubog,)

Fish pot (bobo) P P P Scoop Net P (sikpaw) Spear (pana) P P P Long line (Bira- P bira)

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reef fisheries. This positive correlation between adult stocks to their habitat integrity was well documented across places and time. In a recent evaluation of the performance of 13 marine protected areas in the Philippines, this parallel relationship between juvenile re- cruits and adult standing stocks were once again confirmed.8,9 Data analysis between her- bivores and the benthic algal cover also supported similar findings.10 On the other hand, the increased dependence on pelagic fisheries means that the municipal fishers were subjected to the seasonal variation and fluctuation in stock that characterize most deep sea and migratory species.11 In the assessed sites which are facing the Pacific Ocean, this means difficult times as calm waters of these fishing ground sharpen only on a few months of the year. Figure 2. Common fishing gears (clockwise from top left): fish net, baited squid jigger and multiple hook and line.

The catch was comprised of reef and offshore fish species and mollusks. A specific fishing gear was employed to capture certain species, for example, jigger for the squid (pusit), and hook and line (various variants – subid, pataw) for needlefish (balo) and big-eye scad (matambaka). On the other hand, gillnets and fish pot captured diverse reef species. In Lawigan, fishers employ a combi- nation of fishing gears. Offshore species contributed more to the catch than reef species. This is due either to their weight (example, needlefish and tuna species which are large or long) or number (example, big-eye scad, flying fish and squid). During the monitoring months (May – August 2012), squid, needlefish, big-eye scad, flying fish (barongoy), and skipjack tuna (tulingan) dominated the catch (Figures 3-7). While the decreased dependence on Figure 3. Documentation of some of the domi- demersal fisheries lessens the pressure on the nant catch, needlefish (top photo) and squids reef ecosystem, this also indicates depleting (bottom photo).

Davao Res J 2014; 10: 37-46 40 Fisheries Profile of Pujada Bay Corridor Nanual

Figure 4. Major fish catch of gillnet in the sampling sites.

Figure 5. Major fish catch of single hook & line in the sampling sites.

Figure 6. Major fish catch of multiple hook & line in the sampling sites.

Davao Res J 2014; 10: 37-46 41 Fisheries Profile of Pujada Bay Corridor Nanual

Figure 7. Major fish catch of squid jigger in the sampling sites.

CPUE values for all gear types were In Tarragona, higher CPUE was observed generally low - less than 1 kg h-1 of fishing. for pataw (single hook and line), subid (single This is especially true for fishing gears hook and line), and sikpaw (scoop net). The operated along the coral reef area, such as catch were largely needlefish, skipjack tuna, palangre, bobo, spear (Table 2). For gears barracuda (for pataw and subid), and anchovy operated offshore, there were months where (for sikpaw). In Lawigan, higher CPUE was CPUE values were over 1 kg h-1 of fishing, observed for net and squid jigger. The catch depending on the fishing gear (Table 3). For were flying fish, big-eye scad (for the net) and example, in Manay, higher CPUE was squid (for the squid jigger). In Luban, higher observed for single hook and line and trawl. CPUE was observed for subid (multiple hook The catch were largely big-eye scad and squid and line). The catch were skipjack tuna, (for single hook and line) and skipjack tuna barracuda, and sailfish. CPUE value in Lanca (for trawl). was less than 1 kg h-1 of fishing for all gear

Table 2. CPUE (kg h-1 fishing) of fishing gears operated along the coral reef (catch largely reef fishes) Manay Tarragona Lawigan Luban Lanca

Gillnet May - - - - 0.17 May - - - - 0.17

June - - - - 0.002a

July - - - - 0.40a SingleSingle hookhook && lineline May - 0.33 - - -

June - 0.18 0.89 - - a July - 0.21 0.52 - -

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Multiple hook & line May 0.31a June 0.49a 0.55 Undak:0.12a Palangre: 0.63 July 1.05a Undak: 0.51a Palangre: 0.78 August 0.0003a Undak: 0.39a Palangre: 0.81 Fish pot June 0.02a 0.02 0.02a July 0.04a 0.001a 0.02a August

Spear May 0.39a 0.23a June 0.38a 0.42a 0.40a July 0.76a 0.36 0.28a August 0.22a 0.60a adata less than 5 observations / recording

Table 3. CPUE (kg h-1 fishing) of fishing gears operated offshore

Manay Tarragona Lawigan Luban Lanca

Mesh Net

ab May 0.68

b June 1.81 b July 1.06

Single hook & line

May 0.37bc 1.53ab

June 0.51c 0.31b 0.47b 0.49b 0.13ab

July 1.37bc 0.47b 0.35b 0.63ab 0.89ab

August 1.13bc 0.27b 0.23b 0.30ab 0.67b

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Multiple hook & line June 0.74bc 1.07b July 0.16b 0.52b 3.09b August 1.54b 0.44b 1.74b Squid jigger May 0.73ac June 0.70c 0.51c 0.43ac July 0.82c 0.84c 1.29c August 0.78c 0.78ac 1.33ac

Trawl August 1.94ab Scoop net July 1.30b adata less than 5 observations / recording, bcatch largely offshore fishes, ccatch largely squid types. In the assessed sites, there were no fish culture activities because of the strong current and big wave in the area. There was also no post-harvest processing of the catch. When abundant, fish catch was sold to a trader (comprador) in the local area and the trader brought this to other fish traders in Mati City. However, when the catch was meager, this was just sold in the local area after setting aside some for household consumption. The market price was usually dictated by the fish Figure 8. Squid hung to dry in San Ignacio, Manay trader. The kind and abundance of the species also influence the prevailing market price. what has also been seen and documented in Prices were cheaper when there was plenty of other sites, locally and globally.12 Catch data specific catch. at hand do not support the spill-over effects The catch was basically bartered or sold espoused to of the MPA.12,13 While MPAs fresh. Some processed the squid into dried were pursued under the CRM and ICRM form (Figure 8). However, this was not projects because of the felt benefits in other popular as the locals claimed because the sites that imposed them, there is a need to weight of the commodity is smaller when examine their functionality in the sites under dried, thus not profitable. This was only done study. On one hand, there is a need to evaluate when there were orders. the appropriateness of the site. There is also a The current state of fishing and of need to look at the kind of governance that the fisheries in the assessed sites is similar to local officials are doing relative to their

Davao Res J 2014; 10: 37-46 44 Fisheries Profile of Pujada Bay Corridor Nanual fisheries resources. 6Nanual BJ, Jimenez LA, Nogodula RM. Coral reefs and their management in South- Acknowledgements eastern Philippines: Baganga and Mati, Davao Oriental. In Philippine coral reefs through The author is grateful to the Asian De- time. Coral Reef Information Network of the velopment Bank (ADB) and Global Environ- Philippines (PhilReefs). UP-Marine Science ment Facility (GEF), the source of the re- Institute, Quezon City, Philippines and the search fund; to the Department of Environ- Marine Parks Center, Tokyo, Japan. 2005. ment and Natural Resources (DENR), whose ICRM Project facilitated the access of these 7Uychiaoco AJ, Green SJ, de la Cruz MT, funds; to the DOSCST Administration, whose Gaite PA, Arceo HO, Aliño PM, White AT. enabling research environment facilitated the Coral reef monitoring for management. Uni- conduct of the research; to the project team, versity of the Philippines Marine Science whose zeal for adventure and willingness to Institute, United Nations Development learn new things lighten the work load of the Programme Global Environment Facility project managers, and to the fisher-villager- Small Grants Program, Guiuan Development respondents, whose trust enabled the research Foundation, Inc., Voluntary Service, Over- team to achieve the project deliverables. seas, University of the Philippines Center for

Integration and Development Studies, Coastal Literature Cited Resource Management Project and Fisheries

Resource Management Project. 2001. 1Province of Davao Oriental. Provincial Development Framework Plan of Davao Oriental. 2009. 8Deocadez M, Martinez RJ, Muallil RN, Panga F, Atrigeñio M, Aliño P. Spatial and 2Municipality of Mati. Coastal Resource temporal effects of habitat protection on the Management Plan of the Municipality of recruitment of juvenile coral reef fish. In State Mati. 2004. of the Coasts Sustaining the State of the Coasts Reporting. PhilReefs, Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural 3Municipality of Mati. Environmental Profile Resources Research and Development and the of Mati. 2004. Marine Science Institute, University of the

4 Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City. 2012. Samson MS, Licuanan WY. The socio- economic conitions of the coastal communi- ties and coastal resource management along 9 Muallil RN, Deocadez M, Martinez RJ, the Pacific coast of the Philippines. Univ Phil Panga F, Atrigeñio M, Mamauag S, Aliño P. J Nat Sci. 2002; 7(1&2): 169-178. Thresholds of herbivorous scarid (parrotfish) biomass needed to regulate benthic algal 5 Jimenez LA, Nanual BJ, Eballe AC, growth in coral reefs. In State of the Coasts: Nogodula RM. Pujada Bay, Davao Oriental. Sustaining the State of the Coasts Reporting. In Philippine coral reefs through time. Coral PhilReefs, Philippine Council for Agriculture, Reef Information Network of the Philippines Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and (PhilReefs). UP-Marine Science Institute, Development and the Marine Science Insti- Quezon City, Philippines and the Marine tute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Parks Center, Tokyo, Japan. 2003. Quezon City. 2012.

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10De Jesus D, Muallil R, Mamauag S, Deocadez M, Martinez R, Aliño P. From top to bottom: fishing pressure, herbivorous fish biomass and benthic-algal cover. In State of the Coasts Sustaining the State of the Coasts Reporting. PhilReefs, Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development and the Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City. 2012.

11BFAR Overview of Philippine Fisheries. In Comprehensive National Fishery Industry Development Plan. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. Quezon City, Philippines. 2006.

12Allsopp M, Page R, Johnston P, Santillo D. State of the World’s Oceans. Springer, USA. 2010.

13Horigue, Aliño P. Developments, challenges, and opportunities for marine protected area networks in the Philippines. In State of the Coasts: Sustaining the State of the Coasts Reporting. PhilReefs, Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development and the Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City. 2012.

Davao Res J 2014; 10: 37-46 46 ISSN 2244-4432 Instruction to Author-Contributors

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Sample Code RTV – 13 RTV - 15 RTV - 16 RTV - 17 RTV - 19

Date Collected 10/20/2004 10/20/2004 10/20/2004 10/20/2004 10/21/2004 Tiago, Kawayan, Contract Namnam New Sabang Locality Salumay Marilog (Namnam rd) (Namnam rd) Upian-Dvo Elevation (m) 1,180 1,080 935 980 280 Coordinates Northing 7o 28' 27.5" 7o 27' 57.9" 7o 27' 18.1" 7o 26' 47.3" 7o 21' 52" Easting 125o 16' 19.4" 125o 17' 35" 125o 17' 00.8" 125o 17' 07.5" 125o 18' 59" Lower TMU Spur Spur Lower hslopes Ridge/spur hillslope Lithology Limestone Bedded seds UM UM Y. seds Slope Steepness 8-18% 18-30% 8-18% 18-30% 8-18% Soil Texture HC HC HC HC HC Stoniness <1% <1% 16-35% 1-5% 1-5% Cementation Weakly weakly weakly weakly weakly Soil Moisture Moist dry moist moist moist Dark Brwn (4- Color R. brwn (4-3) Y. brwn (5-5) 3) Brwn (2-2) Brwn (4-3) Wet Consistency Stickiness Vs vs vs vs vs Plasticity Vp vp vp vp vp Soil Depth, cms >150 25-50 25-50 25-50 25-50 Land Use/Cover Settlement shrubs/cogon shrubs/trees grass/cogon Shrubs

Source: Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB)

Davao Res J 2014; 10: 47-51 48 Table 2. Heavy metal levels (mg/L) in Agusan River

Station 1 2 3 4 5 Leada 0.98 0.67 0.21 0.88 0.61 b Mercury 2.87 3.02 2.47 2.11 0.79 Cadmiumc 0.03 0.09 0.41 0.59 0.51

Water Quality Standard (max): a0.01 mg/L, b0.05 mg/L, c0.002 mg/L

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