ANNUAL REPORTTOTHEMEMBERSHIP 2002i

New York State Defenders Association 194 Washington Avenue, Suite 500 Albany, NY 12210-2314 www.nysda.org State Defenders Association 194 Washington Avenue, Suite 500 Albany, NY 12210-2314

518-465-3524 • fax 518-465-3249 [email protected] • www.nysda.org TABLE OF CONTENTS

Mission Statement ...... iv

Officers ...... iv

Directors ...... iv

Advisory Board ...... iv

Staff ...... iv

Introduction: The Good, the Bad, and the Continuing Fight . . . . . 1 Fielding Requests: Direct Defender Services ...... 4 New York State Amicus Activity ...... 4 Defenders Publications ...... 7 Association

Immigrant Defense Project ...... 7 ANNUAL REPORT Training ...... 8 TO THE MEMBERSHIP Wrongful Conviction/Innocence Project ...... 10 2002 Technical Assistance and Public Defense Leadership ...... 10

Defense Automation ...... 11

Community Legal Education and the Gideon Coalition ...... 13

NYSDA Members 2002 ...... 15

Contributors...... 25

Application for Membership ......

Annual Report of Directors Pursuant to Not-for-Profit Corporation Law 519 ......

iii MISSION STATEMENT The New York State Defenders Association, a not-for-profit, membership organization, has been pro- viding support to New York’s criminal defense community since 1967. Its mission is to improve the quality and scope of publicly supported legal representation to low income people.

OFFICERS STAF F Edward J. Nowak, President Jonathan E. Gradess, Executive Director Norman P. Effman, Vice President Charles F. O’Brien, Managing Attorney Peter L. McShane, Vice President Barbara Baggott, Executive Assistant Norman Shapiro, Vice President Merble H. Reagon, Secretary Saadia Aleem, Immigrant Defense Project Marsha Weissman, Treasurer Staff Attorney Dawn Allert, Office Coordinator David L. Austin, MIS Director Stephanie Batcheller, Backup Center Staff DIRECTORS Attorney Cary Bricker Mardi Crawford, Staff Attorney John H. Ciulla, Jr. Darlene Dollard, Project Manager Karloff C. Commissiong Mary Durgee, Accountant Edward R. Hammock Malena Hanukov, Legal Intern Susan R. Horn Jessica Henchey, Legal Intern Gary A. Horton Shahrul Ladue, Legal Secretary Kathryn M. Kase Alfred O’Connor, David L. Lewis Staff Attorney Robert D. Lonski Debernee Pugh, Volunteer Research Associate Michele Maxian Kennard R. Strutin, Legal Information Consultant Leonard E. Noisette Manuel D. Vargas, John W. Parker, III Immigration Defense Project Director Louise Perrotta Stephen J. Pittari David Steinberg Robin G. Steinberg William P. Sullivan, Jr. E. Vincent Warren THE BACKUP CENTER

Housed in an office a few blocks from the ADVISORY BOARD governmental offices of the Empire State Plaza Marion H. Hathaway, Chair and bordering one of Albany’s low-income Alison Coleman neighborhoods, the Public Defense Backup Robert Flunory Center provides resources to public defense Alice P. Green lawyers, public officials, and others in every Edith N. Jones county across the state. Help is available by Darryl P. King mail, telephone, facsimile, e-mail, and the Paquita Y. Wheeler NYSDA web site. iv INTRODUCTION: THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE CONTINUING FIGHT

or NYSDA and public defense services, as for everyone, events of Fthe past twelve months produced joy and admiration, pain and sorrow, and more than enough to do every day. The Association con- tinues to advocate in many forums for the rights of public defense clients, even as direct and indirect threats to those rights mount in the wake of September 11, 2001. Problems that existed for public defense systems before the attacks have worsened. NYSDA is proud to be among those who, while grieved by the attacks that touched every aspect of American—and international—life, refuse to abandon our constitution, our principles, or our clients. This report celebrates the good that occurred in the past twelve months, notes the bad, and briefly describes the important daily work of the Backup Center dur- ing that time.

The Good The Fiscal Year 2002 state budget that passed in May contained fund- “I got very valuable ing for NYSDA’s Backup Center and other public defense programs traditionally receiving state money. Through the Backup Center, help from NYSDA and NYSDA continues to provide high-quality MCLE training, direct its web site. Not only defender services, publications, and other support to the defense was there more community. information and access NYSDA’s Immigrant Defense Project (IDP) secured grants and to documents than I other assistance so that criminal defense lawyers and their noncitizen clients can continue to get information on how criminal proceedings had hoped for, but the may affect immigration status. IDP Director Manny Vargas received staff was very gracious the New York State Bar Association (NYSBA) Criminal Justice and helpful. I was Section’s “Award for Outstanding Contribution to the Delivery of having trouble Defense Services in New York State” and two other awards recogniz- researching a ing the outstanding work done by him and the attorneys and interns under his leadership. particular issue—but Backup Center Staff Attorney Stephanie Batcheller was also hon- I got eve[ry]thing I ored, receiving a special President’s Commendation from the New needed from NYSDA.” York State Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers (NYSACDL) for her work on briefs filed for NYSDA, NYSACDL and others as amici. The briefs clearly set out the illegal nature of a rule issued by the Chief Administrative Judge that allow review of trial court grants of extraordinary fees to assigned counsel. Batcheller has returned to the Backup Center after the FY 2001 budget crisis forced her departure.

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NYSACDL recognized the work of NYSDA Executive Director Jonathan E. Gradess as well, presenting him with a Gideon Award on January 24, 2002. In his acceptance speech, he addressed the growing public defense crisis and called for a statewide, independent public defense commission, an idea that is gaining wide support. Both the New York State Senate and Assembly saw bills intro- “Thank you for your duced to raise assigned counsel fees, and to an independent help and inspiration.” public defense commission to ensure quality defense services for per- sons eligible for publicly-paid counsel. Across the state, editorial boards and others recognized the need to improve how New York State provides public defense by supporting reasonable compensation for public defense lawyers and public defense independence from the Executive and Judiciary. Judges in federal court, and state Family and Supreme courts rec- ognized that low fees are unacceptably eroding the ability of criminal and Family Courts to provide justice to litigants. NYSDA monitored fee litigation regularly over the past year, and posted new develop- ments on its comprehensive web site, www.nysda.org. The admirable courage of some lawyers in facing threats to the bedrock of our constitutional system of justice was a lonely good thing in the legal and emotional aftermath of the destruction of the World Trade Center. That the Legal Aid Society offices next to Ground Zero sustained no direct hit, and that all staff there were unharmed, though forced to relocate, was another.

The Bad The defense community suffered a widening ripple of effects from 9/11. Lawyers in New York City valiantly coped with the disaster while “Without continued continuing to meet clients’ needs. Soon after the attacks, legal issues funding for the New began to arise. State and federal legislation curtailed civil liberties, York State Defenders wounded immigrant communities, and increased the already-great Association and pressure on criminal defense lawyers representing unpopular clients. Prisoner Legal On the segment of NYSDA’s Defense News web page dedicated to the impact of the disaster, unprecedented governmental interference with Services, the state is attorney-client interviews lead a list of post-9/11 practices that put the putting itself and the constitution in peril. Defense lawyers challenge these practices as credibility of the advocates, and even as clients. NYSDA member Susan Tipograph’s criminal justice system representation of New York City attorney Lynne Stewart, charged with at risk.” federal offenses based on Stewart’s representation of Sheik Omar Abdel-Harman, exemplify the situation. The economic devastation caused by 9/11 became an excuse to let public defense remain in crisis. No assigned counsel fee or independ- ent public defense commission bill passed both houses of the NYSDA 2002 3

Legislature. Like portions of the state budget—FY 2001 funds for the Backup Center and other public defense programs were withheld until the 11th month of the fiscal year—these matters were relegated to “Without the Backup a low tier of importance despite ongoing and increasing harm to poor Center support small people and justice. firms being paid at As a result, the number of lawyers able to accept assignments at assigned [counsel] 1986 rates that fail to cover overhead costs dwindled further. Trial court orders finding that this intolerable situation amounted to rates will not be able “extraordinary circumstances” allowing payment of higher fees to meet their overhead raised hopes that were promptly dashed by administrative judges expenses and do the wielding the rule mentioned earlier. time consuming and Budget cuts affected more than assigned counsel. Prisoners’ Legal lengthy research that Services of New York, Inc. laid off staff and closed its Poughkeepsie office. NYSDA laid off staff, suspended publication of its newsletter for some cases involve for several months, and canceled the June, 2002 Defender Institute Basic adequate Trial Skills Program. Funding for FY 2002 keeps the doors open, but representation.” does not restore all services.

The Continuing Fight The Association accomplished much in the last year. Thanks to the generosity and support of many members and others, the Backup Center’s extensive clearinghouse holdings are still available to assist defense lawyers, government officials, and others with questions about public defense.

“Because of the great Our Members and Supporters support your office has During the many bad times of the last year, members and others who given to us over the believe that NYSDA makes an important and unique contribution to justice in New York State backed up the Backup Center. Some provid- past year, especially ed visible, vocal support; letters calling for Backup Center funding are during our computer quoted throughout this report. Despite the limiting of services and crisis, we have chosen increase in membership dues that resulted from the funding crisis, NYSDA to be this most people renewed their membership. Assigned counsel lawyers year’s recipient [of an renewed even though their fees continued to stagnate. Institutional defenders renewed despite their own budget problems. Prisoners annual office renewed notwithstanding their constrained circumstances and donation] ‘to an severe cuts in the already limited time and attention NYSDA could organization that is devote to inmate services. For their help to the Association and to the important to the cause of justice, the New York State Defenders Association is very community.’” grateful. 4 NYSDA 2002 ANNUAL REPORTTOTHEMEMBERSHIP

FIELDING REQUESTS: DIRECT DEFENDER SERVICES

Despite curtailing intake for several months to close existing files under the threat of total defunding, the Backup Center responded to hundreds of requests, from more than half of New York counties, for information, consultation, and research in the last half of fiscal year “The Defender’s 2001. With the help of members and others who made known the Association has a Backup Center’s importance to attorneys, clients, and local public significant research defense programs, funding (in a reduced amount) was ultimately bank and staff to help obtained for 2001, and for 2002. This allowed the Backup Center’s remaining staff to continue to provide legal and criminal justice infor- us access same. mation to lawyers, government officials, and others. The Backup Without them, every Center provided lawyers with information on where to contact expert [public defense] witnesses and how to deal with specialized evidence such as DNA office would be re- and eyewitness reliability. Interns, the Legal Information Consultant, inventing the wheel and staff lawyers used in-house databases and computer searches to find legal authority for unique factual and legal situations. every time they were Clearinghouse holdings of data on the criminal justice system in New hit with a problem York and nationally allowed the Backup Center to respond to techni- that was new to them.” cal assistance requests even though the Social Science Research Unit remained largely unstaffed. Materials from several training events added to the depth of the clearinghouse collection.

AMICUS ACTIVITY Assigned Counsel Fee Review Challenged In the fall of 2001, NYSDA joined with NYSACDL and the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers to file amici curiae briefs in two cases involving challenges to the Chief Administrative Judge’s rule permitting concurrent, sua sponte review and modification of trial court orders granting extraordinary compensation by local administrative judges. The first case, Levenson v Lippman, involved challenges by lawyers in the First Department. The second case, Hinman v Mark, was filed in the Fourth Department. In both cases, the respective departments of the Appellate Division shunned the issues on jurisdictional grounds. The matters are all now going for- ward as declaratory judgment actions in the Supreme Courts, seeking to have the rule declared an unconstitutional exercise of the Chief Administrative Judge’s authority under the New York State Constitution. NYSDA 2002 5

Prisoners Caught in Parole Denial Loop Given the time that administrative, then judicial, appeals of a parole decision can take, prisoners challenging denial of parole may see the Parole Board again before a final appellate decision is rendered. In August, 2001, NYSDA filed an amicus brief in the Court of Appeals arguing that a denial of appeal at the second Board appearance should not render moot improprieties in the first denial. In Moissett v Travis (97 NY2d 673), the Court found against the prisoner, in effect allowing error in parole proceedings to remain unreviewed.

Pretextual Traffic Stops Permit Discriminatory Police Power The United States Supreme Court refused, in 1996, to suppress evi- dence found by police who used a minor traffic infraction as a pretext to stop someone in the absence of constitutional grounds to stop them otherwise. After that decision, Whren v United States (517 US 806), New York courts continued to find pretextual stops improper as a mat- ter of state constitutional law. In 2001, NYSDA and 100 Blacks in Law Enforcement Who Care filed briefs as amici in the Court of Appeals arguing that Whren allows police to “comply with objective rules relating to ‘reasonable suspicion’ for traffic stops, and yet selectively and invidiously exercise their powers in myriad ways.” In People v Robinson (97 NY2d 341) the Court found that stopping a driver who police have probable cause to believe committed a traffic violation does not violate the state constitution regardless of the primary moti- vation for the stop.

Police Failure to Transmit Papers to DA Delays Proceedings Outside New York City, the duty to transmit a filed accusatory instru- ment falls to the police in certain instances. NYSDA filed an amicus brief on narrow, but important, issues concerning the proper con- struction of the applicable statutes in a speedy trial case where the police failed to do so. The brief argued that a finding of “exceptional circumstances” in this context would only encourage violations and result in delays, inefficiency and unfairness to criminal defendants. Nevertheless, the Court of Appeals made such a finding on July 2, 2002 in People v Smietana (2002 NY LEXIS 1904). 6 NYSDA 2002 ANNUAL REPORTTOTHEMEMBERSHIP

Punishment for Post-Plea Denial of Guilt Chills Claims A defendant pleaded guilty in exchange for a sentence bargain, with the condition that if he lied during a presentence interview, a harsher sentence could be imposed with no opportunity to withdraw the plea. “This program should He then denied to a probation officer during the presentence inter- not be over looked nor view that he had committed the charged offenses, and received a sen- tence more than triple the one bargained for. NYSDA filed an amicus underestimated. I can brief in the Court of Appeals. Among the arguments presented was not stress enough how that allowing a court to reserve the right to unilaterally increase the important NYSDA sentence under those circumstances is fundamentally incompatible (The Backup Center) with the obligation to supervise the plea bargaining process. Clearly, has been for me and the threat of increased punishment will inhibit defendants from mak- ing even well-founded post-plea claims of coercion or innocence. The many people that I Court on July 1, 2002 found the practice acceptable in People v Hicks know.” (2002 NY LEXIS 1884).

Repeal of Relief from Deportation Due to Criminal Convictions Should not be Retroactive Seeking to build on an amici victory last year, NYSDA, through its Immigrant Defense Project (IDP; see page 7), joined NYSACDL and The Legal Aid Society as amici in a Second Circuit Court of Appeals immigration case. The issue concerns retroactive application of the Congressional decision in 1996 to repeal a provision of the immigra- tion laws that allowed discretionary relief from deportation for crim- inal convictions in certain cases. The specific question is whether the repealer applies to immigrants who faced criminal charges and elect- ed to go to trial—perhaps based on the belief that even if convicted they could seek relief from deportation—before the new law’s enact- ment. The case, still pending, is Rankine v Reno (01-2135 (L), 01-2483 (CON)).

NY Manslaughter II Should Not Require Deportation as an Aggravated Felony The IDP also submitted an amicus curiae brief in support of the peti- tioner in another Second Circuit case, Jobson v Ashcroft (No. 02-4019). The brief argues that New York manslaughter, second degree, should not be deemed a “crime of violence” for aggravated felony purposes. (Conviction of an aggravated felony generally results in mandatory deportation.) Manslaughter II convictions can be based on reckless- ness, and death that results from an act or failure to act that does not involve force may lead to a conviction. Therefore, the offense should not be found to meet the immigration law’s definition of a “crime of NYSDA 2002 7 violence.” The brief also argues that the judges should not have con- sidered the presentence report to determine if the conviction was for “a crime of violence.”

PUBLICATIONS

The Insiders Guide: Criminal Justice Resources on the Internet 2002 Whatever the question, there is probably an answer—or at least a lead—on the Internet. But how does a public defense lawyer, investi- gator, or paralegal find it without spending too much time? By going first to NYSDA’s new publication, The Insiders’ Guide: Criminal Justice Resources on the Internet 2002. Contained within its 174 pages and accompanying CD-ROM is an annotated collection of new and proven web sites and publications concerning criminal justice and public defense. Most of the sources are free (e.g. “Navigating the Maze of Criminal Records Retrieval—Updated”) and some fee-based (e.g. “rapsheets.com”). There is an array of tools for locating lawyers, judges, inmates, and people in general. NYSDA sent a copy of the Guide to every public defense program in the state. The Insider’s “Just recently, I was Guide is available at an affordable rate from the Backup Center. preparing a newsletter to my [assigned Public Defense Backup Center REPORT counsel panel] The state budget crisis and resulting staff cuts at the Backup Center members, and I interrupted publication of NYSDA’s monthly newsletter in the latter included in it two part of 2001. However, the July-December issue published at the end items from the [Public of the year provided 54 pages of news, practice tips, and case digests. Defense Backup Three double issues in the first half of 2002 continued to keep practi- tioners abreast recent case law, developments concerning assigned Center] Report, to wit: counsel fees, upcoming seminars, and much other information. effect of immigration NYSDA Members, Chief Defenders, and prison law libraries receive status on criminal print copies of the REPORT, which also appears on the NYSDA web defendants; and a site. treatise on the latest issue in identification IMMIGRANT DEFENSE PROJECT testimony of experts.”

NYSDA’s Immigrant Defense Project (IDP), based in New York City, responded to over a thousand requests for backup legal support dur- ing the past twelve months. These requests came from criminal jus- tice system advocates and immigration system advocates, as well as from individual immigrants and their supporters. The IDP was able to continue its services despite the state budget crises thanks to a 8 NYSDA 2002 ANNUAL REPORTTOTHEMEMBERSHIP

combination of grants and other assistance. A fellowship funded by “As the primary the law firm of Kirkland & Ellis, and the volunteer assistance of part- provider of public time law school and pre-law interns made possible some staffing in addition to the Director in 2001. Recent grantors include the New York defense services in Foundation, Fund for New Citizens of the New York Community [our] County, our Trust, and Open Society Institute. attorneys rely heavily IDP resource materials reached lawyers, other advocates, and on services from the immigrants through print and Internet distribution of such items as Backup Center. We the updated Removal Defense Checklist for Criminal Charge Cases, and an “Immigration Practice Tips” column in NYSDA’s newsletter. The receive assistance from IDP’s Detainee Defense Initiative provided or arranged pro bono legal the Center in the forms assistance for many indigent New York immigrants whose past of research assistance, encounters with the criminal justice system led to detention and/or access to an extensive threat of detention and removal from the county. The IDP also brief and engaged in amicus activity, with the assistance of the law firm of Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, which drafted and submitted two briefs memorandum bank, as pro bono counsel to NYSDA (see p. __). critical advice The Director of the IDP, Manuel D. Vargas, received a number of regarding immigration awards in the last year. This recognition included the following: consequences of • New York State Bar Association Criminal Justice Section’s decisions [that] are “Award for Outstanding Contribution to the Delivery of Defense made when providing Services in New York State” criminal defense • New York Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers’ “Presi- dent’s Commendation” services to clients, • New York Attorney General’s “Award for Distinguished Public referrals to expert Service in the Legal Profession.” witnesses and statistical research. Access to the Backup Center allows our TRAINING program locally to Acredited MCLE Provider save considerable sums NYSDA retains “accredited provider” status with the New York State of money.” Continuing Legal Education Board. Providing relevant and accessible training at a cost that public defense lawyers can afford is a major Backup Center objective.

34th Annual Meeting and Conference The training provided at July 27 and 28, 2001 reflected the breadth of knowledge defense practitioners require. “The Mental Health System and Civil Commitment: Representing the Criminal Defendant” provided information on how defendants can be hurt—or helped—at the intersection of mental health and criminal law. NYSDA 2002 9

Lawyers heard experts dissect and describe the biological and legal marvel of the era, during “DNA: Biology and Technology,” to help “In my work as Public defense teams deal with human tissue evidence. “Navigating the Defender, one of my Shoals of Confidentiality in Public Defense: The Ship You Sink May be Your Own” provided useful information and needed ethics CLE credits. most valuable resources has been the 16th Annual New York Metropolitan Trainer New York State Defenders Association, About 230 attorneys attended NYSDA’s annual trainer at New York University Law School in March, 2002. Like training at the annual in particular the conference, the sessions targeted criminal defense, particularly pub- Backup Center . . . lic defense, and included a variety of topics. Lawyers learned how to I can also assure you “Avoid Ethical Pitfalls,” obtained updates on search and seizure law that any monies and appellate decisions, widened their view of clients’ needs with allocated to the “Interaction of Criminal and Family Court Representation,” and gained insights into “The Right to Present a Defense.” Defenders Association results in cost savings Other Regional and Specialized Trainers to County Public In Monroe County, NYSDA put on a Criminal Defense Update in Defenders Offices.” December 2001 and, with the Appellate Division, Fourth Judicial Department, presented Assigned Counsel Criminal Appeals Mandatory Eligibility Training (in September) and Assigned Counsel Family Court Appeals Mandatory Eligibility Training (in October). Also in October, NYSDA presented PowerPoint For Criminal Defense Practitioners at the Dutchess County Public Defender Office. A two- day version of the acclaimed week-long Defender Institute Basic Trial Skills Training traveled to the Neighborhood Defender Service of Harlem in November. Criminal Defense Tactics and Techniques IV was held in Rochester in April 2002. Immigration/Criminal Law Training NYSDA’s Immigrant Defense Project (see page 7) trained criminal defense and pro bono lawyers on criminal/immigration issues, at several venues thoughout the year. MCLE credits were offered for some. In addition to a recent training in Buffalo on Immigration Consequences of Criminal Convictions, the IDP participated in train- ings sponsored or co-sponsored by the New York State Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers (NACDL), the New York Lawyers for the Public Interest, the , the Center for Constitutional Rights, The Legal Aid Society, and the New York Law School Justice Action Center. Judges, immigrants themselves, and law students also learned about the intersection of criminal and immigration laws during several IDP presentations in New York City and elsewhere. 10 NYSDA 2002 ANNUAL REPORTTOTHEMEMBERSHIP

“...so keep the faith WRONGFUL CONVICTION/INNOCENCE PROJECT and under no Funded in part by a grant from the Cardozo School of Law Innocence circumstances stop Project and driven by knowing that innocent people remain in prison, fighting for the NYSDA worked toward establishing ways to help the wrongfully con- victed. Efforts included convening representatives from several changes you have been upstate law schools in Albany in March and collecting resources for advocating for, I practitioners who work on innocence cases. Creating and maintain- believe you will ing a network of professionals willing to work for fundless and often eventually see them friendless prisoners professing innocence would be a major step materialize; you have toward addressing wrongful incarceration. The Backup Center mon- itored developments in innocence claims. One concrete result is that lots of people that information about wrongful convictions in New York and across the believe in you...” country, and about Innocence Projects, appears on the Innocence/ Wrongful Convictions page of the NYSDA web site.

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND PUBLIC DEFENSE LEADERSHIP

Chief Defender Convening The Chief Defenders of New York State (heading public defender, legal aid, and assigned counsel programs) met during the Association’s 34th Annual Meeting and Conference in Lake George, NY on July 26, 2001. The ambitious agenda included an update on public defense reform (with local reports on developments), a dis- cussion of draft standards, family court matters, and jury selection issues. A major focus of the meeting was drug courts and other spe- cialty courts, which are proliferating in New York as elsewhere.

Assigned Counsel Compensation Reform In addition to NYSDA’s amicus activity opposing the Chief Adminstrative Judge’s rule allowing review extraordinary compensa- tion granted to assigned counsel by trial courts (see page __), the Backup Center provided various forms of assistance to assigned counsel lawyers dealing with fee issues. A Sample Extraordinary Circumstances Fee Application Pursuant to section 722-B of the N.Y. County Law (provided courtesy of NYSACDL) is posted on the NYSDA web site. Backup Center legal staff consulted with a number of 18-b attorneys about applications and other fee issues this year, and pro- vided information and assistance in pending litigation over fees, including New York County Lawyers Association v New York. NYSDA 2002 11

Miscellaneous Meetings

Advisory Board NYSDA’s Advisory Board provides the Association with perspectives from the client community on public defense services. The group last “While a student at met during the last Annual Meeting and Conference, in July 2001. , Individual advisory board members talked with NYSDA staff about I was a work-study specific criminal justice issues throughout the year. employee at the New York State Defenders’ Other Meetings Association. Through Backup Center staff participated in a variety of meetings concerning my work and presence public defense over the past twelve months. For example, the there, I became aware Executive Director attended a New York State Association of Counties Legislative Conference, spoke at a Public Affairs Roundtable of what a valuable Breakfast in Albany, participated in the Capital District Community resource that Conference on Criminal Justice at Albany Law School, attended a organization is to national indigent defense training conference held in Harriman, NY, legal practitioners in met with Prison Families of New York Inc (PFNY), to discuss the legal this state, and that its rights of prisoners’ families, co-hosted (with PFNY and Fr. Peter Young) informal gatherings of people interested in criminal justice existence helps to issues, met with members of the Community Action Association, and ensure that fairness participated in an Advisory Board on Standards of the National Legal governs our criminal Aid and Defender Association. With other staff, he attended meetings justice system. . . . (in person or via conference call) regarding litigation involving pub- [W]ithout its continued lic defense. A Backup Center staff lawyer attended several “consensus-build- financial report, the ing” meetings held as part of a pilot process initiated by the Mental attorneys of this state Health Association of New York State for an Albany County project to will be severely divert mentally ill persons from the criminal justice system to treat- disadvantaged.” ment. The American Bar Association’s Death Penalty Representation Project and Standing Committee on Legal Aid and Indigent Defense asked a Staff Attorney to participate in two meetings about updating the ABA’s Guidelines for Appointment and Performance of Counsel in Death Penalty Cases.

DEFENSE AUTOMATION www.nysda.org NYSDA’s web site receives about 20,000 hits per month. Among our most-visited pages are the Hot Topics, such as Assigned Counsel Rates, Eyewitness Evidence, Rockefeller Drug Laws, Juvenile Law and Family Court, and Prisoners Rights. Other favorite pages are Defense Services, Defense News, and Jobs. Recent additions to the site 12 NYSDA 2002 ANNUAL REPORTTOTHEMEMBERSHIP

Number of Internet hits, first six months of 2002

include the Innocence and Wrongful Convictions page (under NYSDA “NYSDA provides cost Resources) and the Domestic Violence Courts page (under Hot efficient accredited Topics). In the last year we added pages on NY Public Defense Funding (under Defense Services) and Terrorism Laws (Hot Topics). Continuing Legal The Publications area is more accessible, since the departments of the Education, which Backup Center REPORT have been broken out into their own sec- could not be tions). Current Developments Outside New York, identifying key new duplicated on a county items from other states, were added to Defense News and the Hot by county basis, Topics pages. Visitors to www.nysda.org can bookmark their favorite pages directly, or make our site the start page in their web browser to particularly in smaller stay current with the latest developments. counties. . . . Technical support such as the Public Defense Case Management System development of the NYSDA’s Public Defense Case Management System (PDCMS) is now Public Defense Case in use in eight public defense offices from Buffalo to Rockland County. Management System, Designed specifically for public defense offices in New York State, is again something PDCMS provides collection and recording of crucial information. that cannot be Defense offices can track clients, keep current on court appearances, and report on daily case activity. Depending on office staffing duplicated.” resources, the system can be used for just basic case information or for a wide range of case management data. Major functions of the sys- tem include helping identify potential conflicts of interest, generating letters, motions, and other documents by a data merge into word pro- cessing software, and producing reports such as the New York State Unified Court System UCS-195. During the last 12 months, NYSDA installed the PDCMS in the Legal Aid Society of Buffalo. Staff also worked with offices already using the system to install upgrades or solve problems created by office changes in hardware or software, and continued to work with Wayne County and others to perfect installation contracts. Offices in Dutchess and Suffolk counties saw on-site demonstrations of the NYSDA 2002 13 system, which was also on view at the Information Exchange and by appointment during the 2001 Annual Meeting and Conference. Unfortunately, bids to install the system were lost in Albany County due to uncertainty of NYSDA funding for support, and in Dutchess County. NYSDA sent PDCMS information to a number of counties in anticipation of future demonstrations and potential installation con- tracts.

Case Digest System Putting fifteen years of NY criminal cases in searchable form on CD- ROM, the NYSDA Case Digest System (CDS) now contains over 7,000 case summaries taken from the Public Defense Backup Center REPORT. Also included are the New York City Assigned Counsel Expert Witness Directory, a Chief Defender list, with addresses and phone number of public defense offices across New York State, and NYSDA’s Subject Matter Index. Two updates of the CDS were provided in the past year.

COMMUNITY LEGAL EDUCATION AND THE GIDEON COALITION

NYSDA is one of 80 organizational members of the Gideon Coalition, which advocates for public defense reform. In March, 2002, the 39th anniversary of the right to counsel decision in Gideon v. Wainwright, the Coalition sponsored a public information table at the Empire State Plaza in Albany on “Gideon Day,” providing information about the needs of public defense programs. The table was surrounded by investigative journalist Scott Christianson’s documentary display, “INNOCENT: Inside Wrongful Conviction Cases in New York.” At the same time, 60 people took part in the annual Gideon Day activity of asking legislators to restore defense funding cut in the Executive Budget and raise fees for assigned counsel. At a press conference, public defense lawyers described the unfairness and inefficiency that results from underfunding public defense. Kate Jones of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers (NACDL) and Jim Harrington, President of the New York State Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers (NYSACDL) described systemic constraints on adequate representation at the national and state levels. Tom Liotti, Chairman of the New York State Bar Association’s Criminal Justice Section, condemned the state’s low assigned counsel fees for forcing hundreds of New York lawyers to quit assigned counsel panels. 14 NYSDA 2002 ANNUAL REPORTTOTHEMEMBERSHIP

Michael Whiteman, former counsel to Governor Rockefeller and “NYSDA is an Chair of the Committee for an Independent Public Defense integral part of the Commission, also spoke at the Gideon Day press conference. Assemblyman Marty Luster talked about the legislation he introduced criminal justice to create such a commission as well as to raise fees. (Sixty-six system. The system Assembly members ultimately signed onto this bill which, like the will not be able to one sponsored by Senator Dale Volker, did not pass. An Assembly bill effectively function raising assigned counsel fees but making no provision for a commis- without them.” sion passed the Assembly, but a similar bill died in the Senate.) Lenore Banks, the League of Women Voters of New York State liai- son to NYSDA, attended the press conference. The League made an independent public defense commission bill one of their legislative priorities for 2002. NYSDA MEMBERS 2002 Composed primarily of attorneys, NYSDA’s membership also includes other professionals, students, and others who support its work to uphold the Constitutional guarantees of legal representation to all accused of crimes and to advocate for an effective system of public defense representation for the poor.

Anthony D. Abbarno, Buffalo Joy Beane, White Plains Gary Abramson, Goshen Robert H. Beck, White Plains F. Stanton Ackerman, Albany Arnold Becker, Monsey Carl F.W. Adamec, Schenectady Rosalind Becton, Albany Salvatore C. Adamo, New York John Bedaska, Buffalo Christine Adamowicz, Uniondale Ronald J. Bekoff, Mineola Martin B. Adelman, New York Myron Beldock, New York Fern S. Adelstein, Olean George S. Bellantoni, White Plains Jerry M. Ader, Attica Steven B. Bengart, Tonawanda Eric Adler, Monticello Catherine E. Berchou, Clarence Burton C. Agata, Hudson Peter Bergenstock, Buffalo Louis R. Aidala, New York Victor Berger, Canandaigua Michael M. Albanese, Gloversville Joyce Berkowitz, Rochester Rhonda L. Albright, Bronx Jerrold Berman, New York Victor J. Alfieri, Jr., New City Adele Bernhard, White Plains Dawn M. Allert, Albany Samuel Bernstein, Michael Alperstein, New York Willard C. Best, Geneva Francis C. Amendola, Buffalo Oliver Bickel, Plattsburgh Michael C. Anastasiou, Kew Gardens Stephen Bird, Rochester Kevin M. Andersen, Batavia Alan Birnholz, Amherst Lawrence J. Andolina, Rochester Gary Bitetti, Rochester Dolores Andrews, Brooklyn Nancy J. Bizub, Buffalo John J. Andrews, Port Jefferson David Blackley, Lockport Thomas E. Andruschat, East Aurora Dale A. Black-Pennington, Forest Hills Timothy Andruschat, Buffalo George R. Blair, Jr., Buffalo Marina Angel, Philadelphia Jon S. Blechman, Binghamton Francis J. Apicella, Tuckahoe David M. Block, Getzville Joseph L. Arbour, Tonawanda Joel L. Blumenfeld, Hollis Hills Donna Arnold, Ballston Spa Virginia Boccio, North Massapequa Michael Aronowsky, Daniel Boeck, Buffalo Massad F. Ayoob, Concord Richard C. Boehm, Hamburg Bernard Bacharach, White Plains Elyse K. Bohm, Brooklyn Barbara A. Baggott, Troy Senora Bolarinwa, Bedford Hills Jeffrey N. Bagnoli, Mechanicville Robert Bolm, Hamburg James A. Baker, Ithaca William F. Bonez, Malone William L. Balduf, Syracuse Adrianne Bonifacio, Yorktown Heights Paul Barahal, Smithtown Robert J. Boyle, New York Peter D. Bark, Brooklyn Alan J. Bozer, Buffalo David K. Barnes, East Amherst Elinor Braitman, Smithtown Todd Barnet, Woodbourne Kirk R. Brandt, Holtsville Bruce Baron, Brooklyn John Braslow, North Babylon Paul K. Barr, Buffalo John Bray, Commack Michael E. Basile, Schenectady Stephen N. Bray, Buffalo Peter J. Batalla, Jr., Bronx Roger Brazill, Rochester Stephanie Batcheller, Phelps Joyce E. Brenner, Cambridge Paul A. Battiste, Staten Island Mark H. Brenner, Hastings On Hudson Robin J. Bauer, White Plains Nancy Brenner-DeAngelo, Greenwood Lake Ruth E. Baum, Buffalo Thomas E. Brett, Kew Gardens Harold Beale, Sonyea Cary Bricker, New York Richard E. Beaman, Flushing Dominick J. Brignola, Albany

15 16 NYSDA 2002 ANNUAL REPORTTOTHEMEMBERSHIP

Steven Brockett, Goshen Francis J. Ceravolo, Jericho Edward J. Brockman, Naples Jeffrey Chamberlain, Colonie Howard K. Broder, Rochester Richard Champion, Rome Felice A. Brodsky, Lockport Elsie Chandler, New York Matthew E. Brooks, Lockport John D. Charles, Clifton Park Ira Brown, Nyack James S. Chatwin, Syracuse Joseph Brown, Elmira Neil Checkman, New York Hardy R. Brownell, Jr., Wallkill Daniel G. Chertok, Saratoga Springs Kenneth E. Bruce, Scarsdale Daniel J. Chiacchia, Hamburg Robert J. Brunetti, Garden City David M. Chidekel, New York Justin C. Brusgul, Voorheesville Leslie Ching, Brooklyn Jayson A. Brustman, White Plains Michael Chmiel, Williamsville Linda Bucher, Kew Gardens Sanford A. Church, Albion Maritza Buitrago, Rochester Mark F. Cianca, Rochester Timothy M. Bulger, Greenwich Martin Cirincione, Albany Raymond W. Bulson, Portville John H. Ciulla, Jr., Ballston Spa Alexander Bunin, Albany James D. Clark, White Plains Anne Burger, Rochester Marcea A. Clark, Geneseo Michael A. Burger, Rochester Peter Clark, Fredonia Bonnie Burgio, Watertown John Clarke, Poughkeepsie William T. Burke, Poughkeepsie Percival A. Clarke, Mount Vernon Thomas K. Burniston, Carmel Dennis Claus, Syracuse Thomas A. Burns, Batavia David W. Clayton, Hauppauge Christina Butler, Albany Frances S. Clemente, Callicoon Thomas E. Butler, Grand Island Bryan J. Coakley, Kew Gardens Thomas Butti, Albion Stephen R. Coffey, Albany Frank L. Bybel, Lackawanna David Louis Cohen, Kew Gardens Maureen A. Byrne, Norwich Lawrence Martin Cohn, Richmond Susan Cable, Scottsville Michael Coleman, New York Kyle W. Calabrese, Hamburg Cornelius F. Collins, Buffalo Elizabeth Y. Callahan, Orchard Park Richard D. Collins, Carle Place Paul M. Callahan, Duanesburg Elisabeth M. Colucci, Kenmore Susan Calvello, New York Robert Colvin, Huntington Ottavio Campanella, Elmira Karloff Commissiong, Albany Kevin B. Campbell, New York Nilo V. Concepcion, East Meadow Linda M. Campbell, Syracuse Joseph R. Connelly, Buffalo Victoria Campbell, East Bethany Frank A. Connor, Moravia William V. Canale, Glens Falls Terrence M. Connors, Buffalo Antonio Cardarelli, Cheektowaga Francis J. Constantine, Erie J. Roberto Cardenas, New York Kathleen M. Contrino, North Tonawanda John J. Carney, III, Buffalo Robert N. Convissar, Buffalo Jay Carr, Olean Christine Cook, Lyons Robert E. Carrigan, Hackensack Joel Copperman, New York Luis Carrion, Dannemora Nancy Eraca Cornish, Elmira James W. Carroll, Ithaca Paul Corradini, Elmira John Carter, Albany Andrew Correia, Lyons Kathleen Casey, Middleport Paul Keely Costello, Rochester Tamara F. Casey, Rochester David B. Cotter, Williamsville George R. Caso, Merrick Theodore J. G. Cotter, Staten Island Gaspar M. Castillo, Jr., Albany William F. Coughlin, Mayville Deron R. Castro, Kew Gardens Mardi Crawford, Albany A. Joseph Catalano, Niagara Falls James Crean, Congers Michael J. Catalfimo, Greenwich Peter A. Cristo, Albany Marco Caviglia, Wappingers Falls John M. Cromwell, Mineola Joseph F. Cawley, Binghamton Anthony R. Cueto, New York Irving Centor, New York John Cullen, New Rochelle NYSDA MEMBERS 2002 17

Charles Cummings, New York Gerard Duffy, Patterson Timothy Curtiss, Carmel Sheila Dugan, New York Steven P. Curvin, Buffalo David M. Duguay, Rochester Thomas W. Cusimano, Jr., Binghamton Thomas N. Dulin, Albany Robert J. Cutting, North Tonawanda George T. Dunn, Rye Craig M. Cwick, Hamburg Jeffrey M. Dvorin, Newtown Thomas C. D’Agostino, Buffalo Sidney H. Dworet, Hauppauge Victor G. Daly-Rivera, Bronx Robert A. Earl, Syracuse Dana M. Dantonio, Lancaster Louis A. Ecker, Yonkers Joyce B. David, Brooklyn Ellen Edwards, Brooklyn Scott M. Davis, Forest Hills Eric Edwards, Fishkill Timothy S. Davis, Rochester Paul R. Edwards, Albany Mary P. Davison, Rochester Norman P. Effman, Attica Keith D. Dayton, Cortland Martin I. Efman, Central Islip Robert S. Dean, New York Louis Egnasko, New York Donald J. DeAngelus, Clifton Park Andrew Eibel, Brooklyn Ronald P. DeAngelus, Clifton Park Gary Eisenberg, Monroe Jennifer L. Decker, Buffalo David P. Elkovitch, Auburn Joseph F. DeFelice, Kew Gardens James Ellerby, White Plains Peter J. Degnan, Pittsford John V. Elmore, Buffalo Timothy W. DeJohn, Rochester Steven Epstein, Bronx Arthur L. Del Negro, Jr., White Plains Kevin Etheridge, Rome David Delbaum, New York Joel S. Ezra, Elmont Vincent M. DelGiudice, Brooklyn Lynn W. L. Fahey, New York Paul G. Dell, Buffalo Herald Price Fahringer, New York Anthony Dellicarri, Suffern Frank S. Falzone, Buffalo Joseph R. DeMatteo, New York Thomas C. Farley, Jr., Derby Melissa Dentico, Williamsville David Farman, Bronx Michael L. Desautels, Albany Gary Farrell, Brooklyn Lawrence J. Desiderio, Buffalo Beth E. Farwell, Wellsville Thomas A. Deuschle, West Seneca Michael A. Feit, Albany Eugene P. Devine, Albany Katherine Parker Feliciano, Buffalo Felix R. DeVito, Brewster Wayne Felle, Williamsville Carl deVyver, Belleville David R. Ferguson, New York Federico Diaz, Dannemora Fabio Fernandez, Rome Terry DiFilippo, East Elmhurst Noemi Fernandez, Buffalo Alfred Wayne DiGrazia, Brooklyn John Ferrara, Monticello Laura M. Dilimetin, New York Bridget Field, Batavia David M. DiMatteo, Warsaw Jennifer R. Fields, Cheektowaga Mitchell Dinnerstein, Montclair Brian Figeroux, Brooklyn Darlene A. Dollard, Albany Gregory A. Fina, Buffalo James F. Donlon, Staten Island Adele Fine, Rochester Joseph F. Donnelly, Slingerlands Andrew C. Fine, Brooklyn Mary M. Donogher, West Seneca Daniel V. Finneran, Brooklyn Lawrence Donovan, Bronxville Robert A. Fiordaliso, Buffalo Kara Mackey Dopman, Glens Falls Susan D. Fitzpatrick, Ossining Alfred Dorfman, Brooklyn Jeremiah M. Flaherty, Kerhonkson Cecile D. Mathis Dorliae, Buffalo Robert Flunory, Albany John W. Dorn, Amherst Allan Focarile, White Plains William J. Dowling, Bronxville Tamara Fowlston, Buffalo Vincent E. Doyle, III, Buffalo Russell E. Fox, Williamsville Joseph S. Dressner, Canandaigua William Frank, New City Timothy B. Driscoll, Brooklyn Monroe H. Freedman, Miami Beach Curtis P. Drown, Plattsburgh Bruce E. Freeman, Rochester Drew DuBrin, Rochester Daniel B. Friedman, Garden City Lorin Duckman, Manchester Donald N. Fries, Buffalo 18 NYSDA 2002 ANNUAL REPORTTOTHEMEMBERSHIP

Kim A. Frohlinger, Hartsdale Jonathan E. Gradess, Poestenkill Richard L. Fuchs, New City Roger S. Gradess, New York Mark D. Funk, Rochester Sebastian Graffeo, Buffalo Daniel J. Furlong, West Seneca John W. Graham, Watertown Neal Futerfas, White Plains Terry Granger, Buffalo William G. Gabor, Syracuse Daniel P. Grasso, Blasdell Louis J. Galgano, III, Valhalla Jean M. Graziani-Greinert, Grand Island Edward Galison, Mineola Alice Green, Albany Robert D. Gallo, Lake Ronkonkoma Richard Greenberg, New York James M. Gannalo, Brooklyn Alvin M. Greene, Buffalo Francis G. Ganun, Forest Hills Michael Greenspan, White Plains Edwin Garcia, Wallkill Lee D. Greenstein, Albany Thomas F. Garner, Middleburgh Thedrus Greer, Meridian Ronald L. Garnett, New York John C. Grennell, Angola Nancy Garo, Poughkeepsie John A. Gresham, New York Selena J. Garr, Buffalo William P. Griffin, III, Central Islip Devin Benedict Garramone, Utica Phillip A. Grimaldi, Jr., Harrison John B. Garrity, Jr., Poughkeepsie George Groglio, Port Chester John M. Garrity, Buffalo Stephen A. Grossman, Sag Harbor Patrick T. Garrity, Buffalo Victor G. Grossman, Carmel Albert A. Gaudelli, Forest Hills Paul L. Gruner, Kingston Diane Geary, Poestenkill Raymond Bernhard Grunewald, New York Timothy Geller, New York John A. Guarneri, Yonkers Giovanni Genovese, Buffalo Benedict S. Gullo, Huntington Theresa M. Gerardi, Mount Vernon Dominick Gullo, Brooklyn Howard Gerber, Nanuet Raghuvijai Guntur, Canton Enid Gerling, New York Amy Cobert Haber, Mineola Dennis A. Germain, Watertown Paul H. Hadley, Wampsville Bennett L. Gershman, White Plains Deborah A. Hagen, Pavilion Peter Gerstenzang, Albany Norman J. Haggerty, Buffalo William C. Gerstenzang, Yorktown Heights Lyle T. Hajdu, Lakewood Daniel P. Gerwig, Corning Lawrence Halfond, Old Bethpage Jon P. Getz, Rochester John S. Hall, Jr., Warrensburg Mary E. Giallanza, Buffalo Ronald J. Hall, Attica Paul Gianelli, Hauppauge Robert B. Hallborg, Jr., Buffalo Jaime A. Giannetta, Newburgh Thomas P. Halley, Poughkeepsie Joseph Giannini, Amagansett C. Joseph Hallinan, Jr., East Quogue Kevin P. Gilleece, White Plains James E. Halpin, Odessa Lee Ginsberg, New York Edward R. Hammock, Elmont Joseph Girardi, Jamaica Frank J. Hancock, Forest Hills R. Brian Goewey, Rochester Annette M. Harding, Wellsville Jack G. Goldberg, New York Jake Harper, New York Martin R. Goldberg, Middletown M. Jerald Harrell, Syracuse Jan D. Goldman, Island Park James P. Harrington, Buffalo Robert I. Goldman, Commack Jeffrey M. Harrington, Lackawanna Robert M. Goldstein, Buffalo Patricia A. Harrington, Mineola David Goodman, Poughkeepsie Neal Harris, Brooklyn John J. Goodman, Jr., Greenwich Lynne L. Harrison, Poughkeepsie Madeleine Goodrich, Concord Charles J. Hart, Hamburg Clifford Gordon, Monticello Charles William Hart, Amherst Shirley A. Gorman, Rochester Ronald P. Hart, New York Robert Gosper, Phelps James M. Hartmann, Delhi Kelly L. Gotham, Tonawanda Jean M. Hartmann, Staten Island Sidney T. Goulbourne, Dannemora Adrienne Flipse Hausch, Mineola Richard A. Gould, White Plains M. Alan Hays, Ithaca Lisa Gradascevic, Buffalo Robert J. Healy, New York NYSDA MEMBERS 2002 19

Lionel Hector, Watertown Stephen A. Johnston, Plattsburgh Thomas Hegeman, Oneonta E. Stewart Jones, Jr., Troy Sanders D. Heller, Gouverneur Michael B. Jones, Buffalo Susan Hendricks, New York Sarah Taft Jones, Pine Plains Joseph Hendrie, Astoria Daniel Jordan, Huntington Peter Henner, Clarksville John K. Jordan, Hamburg Daniel Henry, Jr., Hamburg Alan L. Joseph, Goshen Warren C. Herland, Bronx Roy H. Josephson, Bronx Philip Hersh, Peekskill Patrick Joyce, New York Nicholas W. Hicks, Buffalo Michael D. Jurena, Albany Melvin T. Higgins, Kingston Tracy A. Kachur, Amherst James Hill, Poughkeepsie Donald Kagan, Stormville Wayne A. Hill, Jr., Rochester Carol Kahn, New York James S. Hinman, Rochester Robert A. Kahn, Brooklyn Bradley Hinton, Rome Robert B. Kaiser, Buffalo Marvin Hirsch, Mineola Ivan Kalter, Woodbourne Andrew J. Hobika, Utica Barry Kamins, Brooklyn Winston Hobson, Altamonte Springs Susan Marie Karalus, Williamsville Karen Hochberg, Brooklyn Darleen V. Karaszewski, Buffalo Jack S. Hoffinger, New York Daniel Karlin, Dannemora Alan S. Hoffman, Buffalo Kathleen A. Karlovitz, Marcellus Alice Hooker, Canandaigua Kevin Karnyski, Rochester Gregory G. Hoover, Sr., Goshen Kathryn M. Kase, Albany Susan R. Horn, Syracuse Philip Katowitz, Brooklyn Joshua E. Horowitz, Brooklyn Alan F. Katz, Garden City Gary A. Horton, Batavia Michael Katzer, Slingerlands Joseph Houck, Jarratt Kenneth J. Kaufmann, Bronxville Todd E. Houslanger, Huntington Thomas P. Kawalec, Buffalo Michael C. Howard, Hudson Steven L. Keats, Mineola Moses Mark S. Howden, Olean Thomas F. Keefe, Williamsville Sha-teek Howze, Sr., Alden William J. Kelley, Mount Morris Robert A. Hufjay, Mount Vernon Raymond A. Kelly, Jr., Albany Marsha A. Hunt, Syracuse Robert E. Kelly, Glens Falls James X. Hurley, Central Islip John R. Kennedy, Canandaigua Paul V. Hurley, Buffalo Mark F. Kennedy, Cohoes Phillip R. Hurwitz, Rochester William Kephart, Mineola William J. Hust, Marcy James S. Kernan, Lyons James W. Hyde, IV, Utica James M. Kerrigan, Ithaca Michele Marte Indzonka, New Windsor Mitchell S. Kessler, Cohoes Joseph M. Ingarra, Kingston Thomas H. Kheel, Ithaca Evan Inlaw, Yonkers Christian Killoran, Riverhead Charles E. Inman, Hudson David Kimpel, Syracuse Jeffrey Jacobs, Rochester Terence L. Kindlon, Albany Erik P. Jacobsen, Bedford James E. Kissel, North Tonawanda Joseph Jaffe, New York Denis A. Kitchen, Jr., Williamsville R. Joseph Jalbert, Rome Bruce Klang, North Woodmere Terry Jamison, Stormville Howard Kleiman, Buffalo Mark Jankowitz, New York Edward W. Klein, Syracuse Marc Janoson, New York Irwin G. Klein, Cedarhurst Joseph T. Jarzembek, Buffalo Robert H. Klein, Kew Gardens Frederic Jennings, Marcy Benjamin J. Klemanowicz, Jr., Garden City John Jenny, Buffalo Victor Knapp, Kew Gardens Leona D. Jochnowitz, Albany Lawrence J. Knickerbocker, Cortland Alba S. Johnson, New York Robert Knightly, Jackson Heights Christopher Johnson, New York William P. Knisley, New York Laura R. Johnson, Brooklyn Michael L. Kobiolka, Hamburg 20 NYSDA 2002 ANNUAL REPORTTOTHEMEMBERSHIP

Larry R. Koss, Brockport Susan B. Lindenauer, New York Gregory L. Kottmeier, Delhi Robert Linville, Hudson Anthony S. Kowalski, Buffalo Alan C. Lippel, Hackensack Kristin G. Kozlowski, Clarence Jack T. Litman, New York Ewa Krawiec, Albany John M. Lockhart, III, Geneseo Peter L. Kristal, Rochester Deborah Loewenberg, New City Kent Kroemer, West Henrietta Thomas W. Lokken, Kenmore Lisa M. Kroemer, Batavia Ira D. London, New York Arnold S. Kronick, White Plains James E. Long, Albany Leonard W. Krouner, Loudonville Frank J. Longo, Buffalo Judith M. Kubiniec, Buffalo Robert D. Lonski, Buffalo Paul W. Kullman, West Seneca Michael Lopez, Rochester Stephen Kunken, Commack Frank LoTempio, III, Buffalo Michael Kuzma, Buffalo Robert R. Loveridge, East Schodack William S. Labahn, Eugene Raymond L. Loving, New York John J. LaDuca, Rochester Greg D. Lubow, Catskill William LaForgia, Pleasantville Frederick C. Luther, Waverly Janice A. Lahman, Rochester Cheryl Lynch, Groton Marcel J. Lajoy, Schenectady John Macklin, New Hyde Park Anthony Joseph Lana, Buffalo Brian S. MacNamara, Warwick Frederick Lang, Lancaster James C. MacTarnaghan, Depew Thomas R. Langan, Peekskill Jeanette Madera, Poughkeepsie Anthony M. LaPinta, Hauppauge Thomas B. Mafrici, Cicero David LaPlant, Malone Karen Korkuc Mahlmeister, Buffalo Joseph Lasky, Staten Island Mark J. Mahoney, Buffalo Kareem Abdul Latif, Wallkill Mitchell B. Maier, Monroe J. Kevin Laumer, Jamestown Gary E. Malak, Attica Charles Lavine, Glen Cove Glen Malia, Cortlandt Manor Walter J. Law, Diamond Point Joan E. Maloney, Williamsville LaRoi M. Lawton, Astoria Robert J. Mancuso, White Plains James Lazarus, Kenmore Alice O. Mann, Hyde Park David Lazer, Melville Letty Manne, Hudson Robert B. Leader, Carmel Thomas A. Manning, Flushing Chanwoo Lee, Flushing Patricia Marcus, New York Gerald B. Lefcourt, New York Otto Mares, Sonyea Richard I. Leff, Buffalo Philip A. Maria, Brooklyn Sol Lefkowitz, Glen Cove Nicholas A. Marino, Wantagh Elliott Leibowitz, New York Jeffrey P. Markello, Elma Matthew R. Lembke, Rochester Daniel Markewich, New York Paul A. Lemole, Staten Island Peter L. Maroulis, Poughkeepsie Danielle Lenahan, West Seneca Philip M. Marshall, Buffalo Sheldon A. Leon, New York Edward J. Martin, Lockport Sheryl P. Lerner, Syosset Francis Martin, Hamburg Rosalie Leslie, Yonkers Jeffrey C. Martin, Rhinebeck Alexander Lesyk, Malone Lorenzo Martinez, Attica Richard A. Leszyk, Ontario Edward J. Martnshin, Hamburg David I. Levine, Whitestone Anthony J. Martone, Kew Gardens Howard N. Levine, White Plains Robert A. Mascari, Syracuse Arlene Levinson, Hudson Thomas J. Mason, Mineola Richard Ware Levitt, New York Robert Massi, Poughkeepsie Lawrence H. Levner, New York Paul Mastrangelo, New York Bonnie G. Levy, Syracuse Sarah K. Matthews, Elmira David L. Lewis, New York Robert Mauer, Garden City Mark W. Lewis, Lake Ronkonkoma Kurt Mausert, Saratoga Springs Mark E. Lewis, Lockport Michele Maxian, New York Scott Limmer, Mineola George R. Mayer, Bronxville NYSDA MEMBERS 2002 21

Rafael A. Mayfield, Guilderland Richard T. Morrissey, Troy Brad Mazarin, New York Roberta E. Calhoun Morton, White Plains Louis Mazzola, Bay Shore Herbert J. Moses, Brooklyn Charles McAllister, Gouverneur Theodore Mosher, Auburn James McCann, Geneseo Kent V. Moston, Hempstead Sandra J. McCarthy, Wynantskill Philip Moustakis, Brooklyn William J. McClusky, Adams Gary Muldoon, Rochester Joseph M. McCoy, Albany Patrick Mullen, New York Thomas McDonald, Wallkill James Mullenhoff, West Seneca Kathleen P. McDonough, Rochester Ahmad A. Muntaqim, Collins C. Daniel McGillicuddy, Hamburg David A. Murante, Rochester Dennis M. McGrath, Buffalo Francis P. Murphy, Sayville Edward J. McHugh, Jericho Gerald J. Murphy, Irvington Kevin McKernan, Staten Island Kenneth Murphy, New City Bonnie McLaughlin, Buffalo Mary Jane Murphy, Binghamton John L. McMahon, Saratoga Springs Timothy Murphy, Lockport Jeffrey E. McMorris, Fort Edward Glenn Edward Murray, Buffalo Paul McQuillen, Buffalo Gregory J. Naclerio, Mineola Peter L. McShane, Bronx Barbara L. Nadrowski, Batavia Thomas McShane, Bay Shore Leroy Natanson, North Syracuse Richard McVinney, Oneonta Eugene B. Nathanson, New York Edward T. Mechmann, Yonkers Malvina Nathanson, New York Ralph C. Megna, Buffalo J. Henry Neale, Jr., White Plains Robert R. Meguin, Southold Frank J. Nebush, Jr., Utica Sanford Meltzer, Syracuse David H. Nelson, Attica M. Kathryn Meng, Uniondale Sara Rose Neubauer, New York Susan Menu, Riverhead Russell Neufeld, New York James Mercer, Jr., Attica Michele Lee Neusch, Newburgh Jeanne E. Mettler, White Plains Michael P. Nevins, Elmira Cheryl Meyers, Buffalo Donna R. Newman, Jersey City Daniel Meyers, New York Jon Allon Nichols, Hamburg John L. Michalski, West Seneca William F. Nichols, Rome Paul Scott Micho, Syracuse Ronald S. Nir, Kew Gardens Ira Mickenberg, Saratoga Springs Leonard E. Noisette, New York Florian Miedel, Bronx L. Jeffrey Norwalk, New York Joseph J. Milano, Briarcliff Manor Paul Notaro, West Seneca Raymond T. Miles, III, Tonawanda Daniel F. Novak, Buffalo Sean Millane, III, Buffalo Edward J. Nowak, Rochester Douglas T. Miller, Attica William E. Nowakowski, Buffalo Mitchell R. Miller, Jamaica John R. Nuchereno, Buffalo Paul Milliman, Dannemora Timothy Nugent, East Greenbush Carolyn V. Minter, Ossining Edwin S. C. Obiorah, Rochester Michael J. Mirras, Seneca Falls Kathleen O’Boyle, New York Robert C. Mitchell, Bay Shore Henry O’Brien, Centereach Susan Mitchell, Brooklyn John M. O’Brien, Sag Harbor Charlie Mixon, Elmira Kevin D. O’Connell, New York Francine E. Modica, Tonawanda Michael S. O’Dell, Glens Falls Michael Mohun, Cowlesville Brendan O’Donnell, Interlaken John J. Molloy, West Seneca David Okun, Syracuse Katherine A. Moloney, Poughkeepsie Terence P. O’Leary, Walton Dennis G. Monahan, Nesconset Thomas J. O’Neill, Poughkeepsie Jeffrey K. Moncher, Buffalo Paul N. Ornstein, Central Valley Armando Montano, Jr., Bronx Lucria Ortiz, Bronx James M. Montgomery, Amityville William Ostar, New York Robert P. Moran, Jr., Rome Joseph H. Oswald, Fort Edward Timothy J. Mordaunt, Grand Island Luke C. Owens, Buffalo 22 NYSDA 2002 ANNUAL REPORTTOTHEMEMBERSHIP

Joanne Page, New York John Ray, Miller Place Timothy G. Pagones, Beacon Frank Read, Hudson David J. Pajak, Buffalo Marilyn S. Reader, Larchmont Jeffrey F. Pam, East Meadow Merble Reagon, New York Peter Panaro, Massapequa George W. Redder, Kingston Jill L. Paperno, Rochester Frank E. Redl, Poughkeepsie Daniel S. Parker, New York George E. Reed, Jr., White Plains John W. Parker, III, Syracuse Richard C. Reid, Central Islip David Parkinson, Marcy Norman L. Reimer, New York Lucian C. Parlato, Williamsville Kenneth Reiver, Cedarhurst Ita Parnass, Brooklyn Frederick Rench, Clifton Park John R. Parrinello, Rochester Richard W. Rich, Jr., Elmira John P. Pastore, Clifton Park Walter L. Rich, White Plains David J. Patterson, New York Jeffrey T. Richards, Albany Ernest J. Peace, Mineola Michael W. Rickard, II, Williamsville Christopher Jude Pelli, Utica Ainka Maria Rivera, New York Luis Andrew Penichet, White Plains Rick Rivera, Brooklyn Sandra Perez, Kew Gardens Francis R. Rivette, Liverpool Louise Perrotta, Lindenhurst Alfred Roberts, Stormville Richard Perry, Syracuse Richard A. Roberts, Mount Vernon John L. Perticone, Binghamton Ronald L. Robertson, Wallkill Ira Pesserilo, Ithaca Patricia L. R. Rodriguez, Schenectady Mark J. Peszko, Buffalo David Roggenbaum, Hamburg Wallace C. Piotrowski, Buffalo Levites Roman, Marcy Christopher Pisciotta, New York Mario D. Romano, Brooklyn Stephen J. Pittari, White Plains David K. Roosa, South New Berlin John L. Platten, Alden Michael J. Rooth, Athol Springs Jeffrey J. Pohl, Glens Falls Luis Rosado, Buffalo John J. Poklemba, Saratoga Springs Eve S. Rosahn, Brooklyn Peter Pollak, Albany Sharon P. Rose, White Plains Alan Polsky, Bohemia Stuart Rosensweet, Bronx Geri Pomerantz, Albany Alan Rosenthal, Syracuse Allen S. Popper, Kew Gardens Ethel P. Ross, Rye Lawrence Anthony Porcari, Yonkers Mary Ross, Kew Gardens Michael J. Poretta, Hamburg Michael Anthony Rossi, Grand Island J. Scott Porter, Seneca Falls Donald R. Roth, Jr., Poughkeepsie Susan Porter, Rochester Melvyn K. Roth, Garden City Mark L. Potashnick, Jericho Richard A. Rothermel, Oneonta Eric G. Poulos, Brooklyn Lori A. Roueche, Binghamton Tony G. Poveda, Plattsburgh Gerard R. Roux, II, Williamsville Verena C. Powell, New York Stephen V. Rubeo, Yonkers Gregory J. Power, Lyons Robert S. Rubine, Mineola John A. Praino, Mastic Beach Eva Rubinstein, Williamsville Willard Pratt, III, Vernon Francis D. Ruddy, Jr., Kew Gardens Judith Preble, Kew Gardens Brad Rudin, Bronx Eugene A. Preudhomme, New York Paul Ruine, Fallsburg George E. Pugh, New York Dianne C. Russell, Rochester Victor Pulecio, Dannemora Carmen Russo, Alden Peter J. Pullano, Rochester Karen C. Russo-McLaughlin, Buffalo John C. Putney, Mount Morris Dawn Ryan, Brooklyn Robert F. Quinlan, Bay Shore John F. Ryan, White Plains Robert R. Race, Brooklyn Sheila Ryan, Jupiter James Raible, Beacon Thomas J. Ryan, Jr., Buffalo Michael S. Rakowski, Tonawanda Thomas W. Ryan, Syracuse Beth Ratchford, Rochester David B. Rynders, Jr., Elmira Daniel E. Rausher, Brooklyn Eric Sachs, Bellmore NYSDA MEMBERS 2002 23

Thomas A. Saitta, Binghamton Irwin Shaw, Bronx David J. Saleh, Batavia Richard R. Shaw, II, Williamsville David B. Sall, Poughkeepsie George Shegog, Alden Susan Hofkin Salomon, New York Christopher B. Shella, Hempstead Karl F. Salzer, Rochester Steven J. Sherlock, Goshen Alvaro A. Sanchez, Staten Island Brian Shiffrin, Rochester Manuel A. Sanchez, Jr., Bronx Vincent Siccardi, Kew Gardens Salvatore T. Sanfilippo, Williamsville Linda Sideri, New York Emanuel Santana, Pine City Stephan J. Siegel, Forest Hills Dominic Saraceno, Buffalo Michael Siff, Kew Gardens Anastasios Sarikas, Astoria Walter P. Signorelli, Yonkers Seana Sartori, Rochester David K. Silverberg, Buffalo Paul Leonard Sass, Brooklyn Carl J. Silverstein, Monticello Nicholas M. Satriano, Forest Hills Murray E. Singer, Forest Hills Robert Savage, East Hampton Joseph Sinkewicz, Jr., Buffalo Joseph S. Sayegh, Fishkill Peter C. Sipperly, Saratoga Springs Richard Scanlan, White Plains Richard Siracusa, New York Eugene Schaffer, Freeport Lawrence J. Siry, Hudson Carol Brafman Schajer, Jericho Shana Skaletsky, New York Gary W. Schanz, Binghamton Peter K. Skivington, Geneseo Andrew J. Schatkin, Jericho Todd Slavik, Attica Donald L. Schechter, Great Neck Mary L. Slisz, Buffalo Donald R. Schechter, Kew Gardens Alex Smith, Middletown Marvin E. Schechter, New York Brenda Smith, Canandaigua Stephan Schick, Monticello David B. Smith, Buffalo Philip C. Schiffman, Washingtonville Joanne Kohler Smith, Lowville Russell A. Schindler, Kingston Oliver Smith, New York Craig P. Schlanger, Syracuse Frank Smithson, Ithaca Deborah Schneer, Rosendale Theodore Smolar, Bayside Sean D. Schoenborn, Buffalo Oscar Smukler, Buffalo Gary Schoer, Syosset Gerard A. Smyth, Hartford David C. Schopp, Buffalo Kevin J. Smyth, Attica Robert J. Schreck, Buffalo Edward J. Snyder, West Seneca Lisa Schreibersdorf, Brooklyn James G. Snyder, Saratoga Springs Claudia S. Schultz, Garden City Irene Soffer, New York H. Mitchell Schuman, New York Eric M. Sokol, Floral Park Victor Schurr, Pelham Robert B. Sommerstein, Buffalo Edna Schwartz, New York Anselmo Soto, Jr., Malone Michael Schwartz, Middletown Lynette V. Spaulding, White Plains Robert Schwartz, Rego Park John F. Speranza, Rochester Steven G. Schwarz, Bronx Kevin W. Spitler, Buffalo Janet Schwarzenegger, Cairo Alvin L. Spitzer, Suffern Raymond P. Sciarrino, Perry Michael J. Stachowski, Buffalo Frank B. Scibilia, Syracuse Elaine Jackson Stack, Mineola Joseph J. Scinta, Jr., Kenmore Joseph W. Stadler, Kenmore Lisa Scolari, New York Tucker C. Stanclift, Glens Falls Jack Scordo, Watertown Scott D. Staples, North Creek Anna L. Scott, Buffalo Michael Steedly, Stormville Bettie Scott, Flushing David Steinberg, Poughkeepsie Daniel U. Scott, Jr., Buffalo Robin G. Steinberg, Bronx Robert Selcov, Hyde Park Glendoval J. Stephens, Brooklyn Frederick Seligman, Shokan Michael R. Stern, Queensbury Laurie Shanks, Albany Russell Stetler, New York Norman Shapiro, Goshen Richard A. Stettine, Central Islip Robert A. Shapiro, Rochester Philip B. Stone, New York Sabina Shapiro, Warwick John P. Stonner, Glens Falls 24 NYSDA 2002 ANNUAL REPORTTOTHEMEMBERSHIP

Nancy Stroud, Albany Jeffrey F. Voelkl, Williamsville Kennard R. Strutin, West Hempstead Kitty Vondrak, Schroon Lake Arthur Suchow, Staten Island David G. Wallace, Bath Donna M. Sullivan, Elmont Kevin Walsh, Goshen John C. Sullivan, Amityville Robert A. Walters, New York William P. Sullivan, Jr., Ithaca Robert D. Walton, Sr., Auburn Mary Ellen Sweeney, New York Daniel J. Ward, Cheektowaga Ronald J. Tabak, New York E. Vincent Warren, New York Samuel M. Tamburo, Camillus Elbert H. Watrous, Jr., Schenectady Martin Tankleff, Dannemora Steven T. Wax, Portland Emani P. Taylor, Brooklyn Diane T. Webster, White Plains Robert Tendy, Putnam Valley Cappy Weiner, Kingston William M. Tendy, Jr., Poughkeepsie Philip Weinfeld, Buffalo Noel Tepper, Poughkeepsie Johnathan E. Weinrich, New York Thomas G. Teresky, Huntington Station Rhonda R. Weir, Brooklyn George A. Terezakis, Mineola David B. Weisfuse, White Plains Joseph J. Terranova, Hamburg Marsha Weissman, Syracuse Thomas Terrizzi, Ithaca David Werber, Brooklyn Paul Testaverde, Elmhurst Carl Wess, Brooklyn Wayne Thatcher, Poughkeepsie Christopher Whelan, Buffalo Christopher Thomas, Rochester Michael A. Wiener, Yonkers Donald M. Thompson, Rochester Jay L. Wilber, Binghamton James J. Tini, Mineola Charles J. Wilcox, Troy Susan V. Tipograph, New York Roger W. Wilcox, Jr., Buffalo David P. Todaro, Buffalo Steve G. Williams, Brooklyn Phyllis M. Todoro, Buffalo Thomas D. Williams, Batavia Kevin J. Tollisen, Mechanicville David W. Wilson, Buffalo Jennifer Burton Tolombo, Poughkeepsie Steven J. Wilutis, Commack Alan J. Tomaselli, White Plains John W. Winans, Catskill Nelson S. Torre, Buffalo James W. Winslow, Newburgh David Touger, New York Daniel E. Wisniewski, Buffalo Joseph F. Townsend, Lockport Rebecca Wittman, Wampsville Norman Trabulus, Port Washington Robert S. Wolf, New York Deanne M. Tripi, Amherst James F. Wolff, Fly Creek Emily Trott, Buffalo Alfred Wolkenberg, Long Beach AnnMarie Truscio, Bedford Hills Gregory Lance Wood, Mount Vernon Ayoka A. Tucker, Buffalo Mark A. Worrell, Buffalo Scott B. Tulman, Chappaqua Lawrence E. Wright, Brooklyn Robert P. Turner, Rochester Eric Wuestman, Brooklyn John E. Tyo, Shortsville Andrew J. Wylie, Plattsburgh Denis J. Uminski, Kenmore Francis E. Yannelli, Garden City Elaine Unkeless, Brooklyn Bruce Yerman, Mineola Joseph Vaccarino, Forest Hills Lawrence J. Young, Syracuse Michael Vaccaro, New Rochelle Richard W. Youngman, Rochester Ronald C. Valentine, Lyons Neil Martin Zang, New York Alexandra Valicenti, Bronxville Milton Zelermyer, New York Morton Van Allen, Brooklyn Andrea Zellan, New York Andrew H. Van Buren, Hobart John M. Zenir, Mineola Manuel D. Vargas, New York Lori Zeno, Forest Hills Harold I. Venokur, Brooklyn Marvin Zevin, Garden City Richard Vercollone, Brewster Robert W. Zimmerman, Shortsville Gerald A. Vergilis, Wappingers Falls Clark J. Zimmermann, Jr., Rochester Yolanda Villa, Rochester Helen W. Zimmermann, Buffalo Athena M. Vinolus, Lackawanna Sonya Zoghlin, Rochester Michael J. Violante, Niagara Falls Joseph D. Zumbo, Albany Surinder K. Virk, Grand Island Daan Zwick, Rochester Andre Allen Vitale, Rochester CONTRIBUTORS Our members and others responded generously to the Fiscal Year 2001 funding crisis. Amounts large and small—from attorneys, prisoners, and others—arrived at the Backup Center accompanied by letters encouraging us to continue our efforts to improve the quality of public defense statewide. Corporate donations of software also helped the Backup Center continue to provide services. The New York State Defenders Association thanks the following contributors for their support in the past year.

Carl F.W. Adamec Joel S. Ezra Martin B. Adelman Lynn W. L. Fahey Burton C. Agata Thomas C. Farley, Jr. Michael M. Albanese Andrew C. Fine Marina Angel Daniel V. Finneran Sameer M. Ashar Allan Focarile Paul Barahal Mark D. Funk Myron Beldock Robert D. Gallo Adele Bernhard Joan Geary Cary Bricker Madeleine Goodrich Howard R. Brill Clifford Gordon Justin C. Brusgul Jonathan E. Gradess Alexander Bunin Lee D. Greenstein Thomas K. Burniston Stephen A. Grossman Gaspar M. Castillo, Jr. Benedict S. Gullo Francis J. Ceravolo John S. Hall, Jr. Elsie Chandler M. Jerald Harrell David M. Chidekel Patricia A. Harrington Dennis Claus Susan Hendricks David W. Clayton Nicholas W. Hicks David Louis Cohen Wayne A. Hill, Jr. Terrence M. Connors Gary A. Horton Theodore J. G. Cotter Moses Mark S. Howden Mardi Crawford James X. Hurley Anthony R. Cueto Phillip R. Hurwitz Charles Cummings Alba S. Johnson Thomas C. D’Agostino Laura R. Johnson Robert S. Dean Robert A. Kahn Donald J. DeAngelus Kathryn M. Kase Ronald P. DeAngelus Robert E. Kelly Thomas J. DeMayo Edward W. Klein Kevin M. Doyle Lawrence J. Knickerbocker Sidney H. Dworet William P. Knisley Louis A. Ecker Gregory L. Kottmeier

25 26 NYSDA 2002 ANNUAL REPORTTOTHEMEMBERSHIP

CONTRIBUTORS (continued)

Frederick Lang Anastasios Sarikas David LaPlant Stephan Schick Walter J. Law Craig P. Schlanger Alexander Lesyk Lisa Schreibersdorf Alan C. Lippel Claudia S. Schultz John M. Lockhart, III Anna L. Scott Robert D. Lonski Frederick Seligman Raymond L. Loving Norman Shapiro Thomas B. Mafrici Sabina Shapiro Mitchell B. Maier Brian Shiffrin Louis Mazzola James G. Snyder Charles McAllister Robin G. Steinberg Sandra J. McCarthy Michael R. Stern Thomas McDonald William P. Sullivan, Jr. Peter L. McShane George A. Terezakis Carolyn V. Minter Thomas Terrizzi Robert C. Mitchell Susan V. Tipograph Michael Mohun Alan J. Tomaselli Katherine A. Moloney Norman Trabulus Armando Montano, Jr. AnnMarie Truscio James M. Montgomery Scott B. Tulman Roberta E. Calhoun Morton Joseph Vaccarino Patrick Mullen Morton Van Allen Malvina Nathanson Gerald A. Vergilis Michele Lee Neusch Andre Allen Vitale Edward J. Nowak Thomas D. Williams Sandra Perez Lawrence E. Wright Louise Perrotta Andrea Zellan Stephen J. Pittari Lawrence Anthony Porcari J. Scott Porter SOFTWARE DONATIONS Judith Preble AskSam Systems Marilyn S. Reader dtSearch Corp Eve S. Rosahn Kewlitt.com Richard A. Rothermel RARsoft Andrew M. Rothstein Software Shelf Internat’l Inc. Paul Ruine Visualware Jeff Santos Workshare Technology