DOCSLIB.ORG

ANTARCTIC WINTER STATIONS OPERATING DURING the INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR (1957 WINTER) (* Indicates Stations Continuously Open Until the 2017 Winter)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ANTARCTIC WINTER STATIONS OPERATING DURING the INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR (1957 WINTER) (* Indicates Stations Continuously Open Until the 2017 Winter) ANTARCTIC WINTER STATIONS OPERATING DURING THE INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR (1957 WINTER) (* indicates stations continuously open until the 2017 winter) Organizer or nationality Station, location (coordinates) Argentine expeditions 'Melchior', Gamma Island (64·33ºS, 62·98ºW) 1 'Orcadas', Laurie Island (60·74ºS, 44·73ºW)* 2 'Decepción', Deception Island (62·98ºS, 60·70ºW) 3 'Almirante Brown', Paradise Harbour (64·88ºS, 62·87ºW) 4 'General San Martin', Barry Island (68·13ºS, 67·10ºW) 5 'Esperanza', Hope Bay (63·39ºS, 56·99ºW)* 6 'Teniente Camara', Half Moon Island (62·60ºS, 59·95ºW) 7 'General Belgrano', Filchner Ice Shelf (77·87ºS, 34·63ºW) 8 Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions Macquarie Island (54·50ºS, 158·95ºE)* 9 'Mawson', Mac. Robertson Land (66·28ºS, 110·52ºE)* 10 'Davis', Ingrid Christensen Coast (68·57ºS, 77·97ºE)* 11 Taylor Glacier, Mawson Coast (67·45ºS, 60·83ºE) 12 Chilean expeditions 'Capitan Arturo Prat', Greenwich Island (62·50ºS, 59·68ºW) 13 'General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme' and 'Luis Risopatron'; Cape Legoupil (combined station) (63·32ºS, 57·90ºW)* 14 'Presidente Gabriel Gonzalez Videla', Paradise Harbour (64·82ºS, 62·87ºW) 15 'Presidente Pedro Aguirre Cerda', Deception Island (62·93ºS, 60·60ºW) 16 Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition [Crossing Party] (Britain, New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa) 'Shackleton', Filchner Ice Shelf (77·95ºS, 37·27ºW) 17 'South Ice', inland Filchner Ice Shelf (81·93ºS, 29·50ºW) 18 Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (Britain) 'Base A', Port Lockroy (64·83ºS, 63·52ºW) 19 'Base B', Deception Island (62·98ºS, 60·57ºW) 20 'Base D', Hope Bay (63·40ºS, 56·98ºW) 21 'Base F', Argentine Islands (65·25ºS, 64·27ºW)* 22 'Base G', Admiralty Bay (62·08ºS, 58·42ºW) 23 'Base H', Signy Island (60·72ºS, 45·60ºW) 24 'Base J', Prospect Point (66·00ºS, 65·40ºW) 25 'Base N', Anvers Island (64·77ºS, 64·08ºW) 26 'Base O', Danco Island (64·73ºS, 62·60ºW) 27 'Base W', Detaille Island (66·87ºS, 66·80ºW) 28 'Base Y', Horseshoe Island (67·82ºS, 67·28ºW) 29 Cape Reclus, (64·50ºS, 61·77ºW) 30 Falkland Islands and Dependencies Meteorological Service (Britain) 'Base M', King Edward Point, South Georgia (54·28ºS, 36·50ºW)* 31 French expeditions La Roche Godon, Ile Amsterdam (46·43ºS, 51·87ºE)* 32 Port-aux-Francais, Iles Kerguelen (49·35ºS, 70·20ºE)* 33 'Dumont d'Urville', Terre Adélie (66·67ºS, 140·01ºE)* 34 'Charcot', inland Terre Adélie (69·73ºS, 139·02ºE) 35 Japanese expedition 'Syowa', Ongul (69·00ºS, 39·58ºE) 36 New Zealand expedition and Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition [Support Party] (Britain, New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa) 'Scott Base', Ross Island (combined station) (77·85ºS, 166·76ºE)* 37 New Zealand expedition Campbell Island (52·55ºS, 169·15ºE) 38 New Zealand and United States expedition Cape Hallett (joint station) (72·42ºS, 170·92ºE) 39 Norwegian expedition 'Norske Stasjon' ['Norway Station'], Fimbulisen (70·50ºS, 02·53ºW) 40 Royal Society expedition (Britain) Halley Bay, Brunt Ice Shelf (75·58ºS, 26·54ºW) 41 South African expeditions Marion Island (46·87ºS, 37·86ºE)* 42 Gough Island (40·36ºS, 09·87ºW)* 43 Soviet Antarctic expeditions 'Mirnyy', Queen Mary Land (66·55ºS, 93·01ºE)* 44 'Pionerskaya', inland Queen Mary Land (69·73ºS, 95·50ºE) 45 'Oazis', Bunger Hills (66·50ºS, 101ºE) 46 'Komsomol'skaya', inland in Queen Mary Land (74ºS, 99ºE) 47 'Vostok-1', inland in Queen Mary Land (72ºS, 97ºE) 48 United States expeditions 'Little America V', Kainan Bay (78·16ºS, 162·28ºW) 49 'Williams Air Operations Facility', Ross Island (77·85ºS, 166·67ºE)* 50 South Pole (90ºS)* 51 'Byrd', Rockefeller Plateau (80·00ºS, 120·00ºW) 52 'Wilkes', Windmill Islands (66·25ºS, 110·58ºE)* 53 'Ellsworth', Filchner Ice Shelf (77·72ºS, 41·12ºW) 54 R. K. Headland revised 18 May 2017 (c/o SPRI, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1ER.) ANTARCTIC WINTER STATIONS OPERATING DURING THE INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR (1958 WINTER) (* indicates stations continuously open until the 2017 winter) Organizer or nationality Station, location (coordinates) Argentine expeditions 'Melchior', Gamma Island (64·33ºS, 62·98ºW) 1 'Orcadas', Laurie Island (60·74ºS, 44·73ºW)* 2 'Decepción', Deception Island (62·98ºS, 60·70ºW) 3 'Almirante Brown', Paradise Harbour (64·88ºS, 62·87ºW) 4 'General San Martín', Barry Island (68·13ºS, 67·10ºW) 5 'Esperanza', Hope Bay (63·39ºS, 56·99ºW)* 6 'Teniente Camara', Half Moon Island (62·60ºS, 59·95ºW) 7 'General Belgrano', Filchner Ice Shelf (77·87ºS, 34·63ºW) 8 Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions Macquarie Island (54·50ºS, 158·95ºE)* 9 'Mawson', Mac. Robertson Land (66·28ºS, 110·52ºE)* 10 'Davis', Ingrid Christensen Coast (68·57ºS, 77·97ºE)* 11 Taylor Glacier, Mawson Coast (67·45ºS, 60·83ºE) 12 Belgian expedition 'Roi Baudouin', Prinsesse Ragnhild Kyst (70·42ºS, 24·30ºE) 13 Chilean expeditions 'Capitan Arturo Prat', Greenwich Island (62·50ºS, 59·68ºW) 14 'General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme' and 'Luis Risopatron'; Cape Legoupil (combined station) (63·32ºS, 57·90ºW)* 15 'Presidente Gabriel Gonzalez Videla', Paradise Harbour (64·82ºS, 62·87ºW) 16 'Presidente Pedro Aguirre Cerda', Deception Island (62·93ºS, 60·60ºW) 17 Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (Britain) 'Base A', Port Lockroy (64·83ºS, 63·52ºW) 18 'Base B', Deception Island (62·98ºS, 60·57ºW) 19 'Base D', Hope Bay (63·40ºS, 56·98ºW) 20 . 'Base E', Stonington Island (68·19ºS, 67·00ºW) 21 'Base F', Argentine Islands (65·25ºS, 64·27ºW)* 22 'Base G', Admiralty Bay (62·08ºS, 58·42ºW) 23 'Base H', Signy Island (60·72ºS, 45·60ºW) 24 'Base J', Prospect Point (66·00ºS, 65·40ºW) 25 'Base O', Danco Island (64·73ºS, 62·60ºW) 26 'Base W', Detaille Island (66·87ºS, 66·80ºW) 27 'Base Y', Horseshoe Island (67·82ºS, 67·28ºW) 28 Falkland Islands and Dependencies Meteorological Service (Britain) 'Base M', King Edward Point, South Georgia (54·28ºS, 36·50ºW)* 29 French expeditions La Roche Godon, Ile Amsterdam (46·43ºS, 51·87ºE)* 30 Port-aux-Francais, Iles Kerguelen (49·35ºS, 70·20ºE)* 31 'Dumont d'Urville', Terre Adélie (66·67ºS, 140·01ºE)* 32 'Charcot', inland Terre Adélie (69·73ºS, 139·02ºE) 33 New Zealand expedition ‘Scott Base', Ross Island (combined IGY and TAEstation) (77·85ºS, 166·76ºE)* 34 Campbell Island (52·55ºS, 169·15ºE) 35 New Zealand and United States expedition Cape Hallett (joint station) (72·42ºS, 170·92ºE) 36 Norwegian expedition 'Norske Stasjon' ['Norway Station'] Fimbulisen (70·50ºS, 02·53ºW) 37 Royal Society expedition (Britain) Halley Bay, Brunt Ice Shelf (75·58ºS, 26·54ºW) 38 South African expeditions Marion Island (46·87ºS, 37·86ºE)* 39 Gough Island (40·36ºS, 09·87ºW)* 40 Soviet Antarctic expeditions 'Mirnyy', Queen Mary Land (66·55ºS, 93·01ºE)* 41 'Pionerskaya', inland Queen Mary Land (69·73ºS, 95·50ºE) 42 'Oazis', Bunger Hills (66·50ºS, 101ºE) 43 'Komsomol'skaya', inland in Queen Mary Land (74ºS, 99ºE) 44 'Vostok', South Geomagnetic Pole (78·47ºS, 106·80ºE) 45 'Sovetskaya', inland in Princess Elizabeth Land (78·38ºS, 87·53ºE) 46 United States expeditions 'Little America V', Kainan Bay (78·16ºS, 162·28ºW) 47 'Williams Air Operations Facility', Ross Island (77·85ºS, 166·67ºE)* 48 South Pole (90ºS)* 49 'Byrd', Rockefeller Plateau (80·00ºS, 120·00ºW) 50 'Wilkes', Windmill Islands (66·25ºS, 110·58ºE)* 51 'Ellsworth', Filchner Ice Shelf (77·72ºS, 41·12ºW) 52 R. K. Headland revised 18 May 2017 (c/o SPRI, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1ER.) .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Air and Shipborne Magnetic Surveys of the Antarctic Into the 21St Century
    TECTO-125389; No of Pages 10 Tectonophysics xxx (2012) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Tectonophysics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tecto Air and shipborne magnetic surveys of the Antarctic into the 21st century A. Golynsky a,⁎,R.Bellb,1, D. Blankenship c,2,D.Damasked,3,F.Ferracciolie,4,C.Finnf,5,D.Golynskya,6, S. Ivanov g,7,W.Jokath,8,V.Masolovg,6,S.Riedelh,7,R.vonFresei,9,D.Youngc,2 and ADMAP Working Group a VNIIOkeangeologia, 1, Angliysky Avenue, St.-Petersburg, 190121, Russia b LDEO of Columbia University, 61, Route 9W, PO Box 1000, Palisades, NY 10964-8000, USA c University of Texas, Institute for Geophysics, 4412 Spicewood Springs Rd., Bldg. 600, Austin, Texas 78759-4445, USA d BGR, Stilleweg 2 D-30655, Hannover, Germany e BAS, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, UK f USGS, Denver Federal Center, Box 25046 Denver, CO 80255, USA g PMGE, 24, Pobeda St., Lomonosov, 189510, Russia h AWI, Columbusstrasse, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany i School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, 125 S. Oval Mall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA article info abstract Article history: The Antarctic geomagnetics' community remains very active in crustal anomaly mapping. More than 1.5 million Received 1 August 2011 line-km of new air- and shipborne data have been acquired over the past decade by the international community Received in revised form 27 January 2012 in Antarctica. These new data together with surveys that previously were not in the public domain significantly Accepted 13 February 2012 upgrade the ADMAP compilation.
    [Show full text]
  • Office of Polar Programs
    DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SURFACE TRAVERSE CAPABILITIES IN ANTARCTICA COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION DRAFT (15 January 2004) FINAL (30 August 2004) National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, Virginia 22230 DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SURFACE TRAVERSE CAPABILITIES IN ANTARCTICA FINAL COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 Purpose.......................................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Comprehensive Environmental Evaluation (CEE) Process .......................................................1-1 1.3 Document Organization .............................................................................................................1-2 2.0 BACKGROUND OF SURFACE TRAVERSES IN ANTARCTICA..................................2-1 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................2-1 2.2 Re-supply Traverses...................................................................................................................2-1 2.3 Scientific Traverses and Surface-Based Surveys .......................................................................2-5 3.0 ALTERNATIVES ....................................................................................................................3-1
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctic Peninsula
    Hucke-Gaete, R, Torres, D. & Vallejos, V. 1997c. Entanglement of Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, by marine debris at Cape Shirreff and San Telmo Islets, Livingston Island, Antarctica: 1998-1997. Serie Científica Instituto Antártico Chileno 47: 123-135. Hucke-Gaete, R., Osman, L.P., Moreno, C.A. & Torres, D. 2004. Examining natural population growth from near extinction: the case of the Antarctic fur seal at the South Shetlands, Antarctica. Polar Biology 27 (5): 304–311 Huckstadt, L., Costa, D. P., McDonald, B. I., Tremblay, Y., Crocker, D. E., Goebel, M. E. & Fedak, M. E. 2006. Habitat Selection and Foraging Behavior of Southern Elephant Seals in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006, abstract #OS33A-1684. INACH (Instituto Antártico Chileno) 2010. Chilean Antarctic Program of Scientific Research 2009-2010. Chilean Antarctic Institute Research Projects Department. Santiago, Chile. Kawaguchi, S., Nicol, S., Taki, K. & Naganobu, M. 2006. Fishing ground selection in the Antarctic krill fishery: Trends in patterns across years, seasons and nations. CCAMLR Science, 13: 117–141. Krause, D. J., Goebel, M. E., Marshall, G. J., & Abernathy, K. (2015). Novel foraging strategies observed in a growing leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) population at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Animal Biotelemetry, 3:24. Krause, D.J., Goebel, M.E., Marshall. G.J. & Abernathy, K. In Press. Summer diving and haul-out behavior of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) near mesopredator breeding colonies at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Marine Mammal Science.Leppe, M., Fernandoy, F., Palma-Heldt, S. & Moisan, P 2004. Flora mesozoica en los depósitos morrénicos de cabo Shirreff, isla Livingston, Shetland del Sur, Península Antártica, in Actas del 10º Congreso Geológico Chileno.
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctic Peninsula Basecamp Voyages Trip Notes 2021/22
    ANTARCTIC PENINSULA BASECAMP VOYAGES 2021/22 TRIP NOTES ANTARCTIC PENINSULA BASECAMP VOYAGES TRIP NOTES 2021/22 EXPEDITION DETAILS Dates: Trip 1: November 11–23, 2021 Trip 2: December 22 to January 3, 2022 Trip 3: January 3–15, 2022 Trip 4: February 24 to March 8, 2022 Trip 5: March 8–20, 2022 Duration: 13 days Departure: ex Ushuaia, Argentina Price: From US$8,500 per person Weddell Seal. Photo: Ali Liddle Antarctica is seen by many as the ‘Last Frontier’ due to its remote location and difficulty of access; this is a destination very few people have the opportunity to experience. We cross the Drake Passage in our comfortable ship before it becomes our Base Camp for daily activities such as hiking, snowshoeing, kayaking, camping, glacier walking, photo workshops and landings ashore. There is something for everyone and is an opportunity to discover Antarctica at a range of different activity levels. walks across he Antarctic landscapes, photographers to TRIP OVERVIEW explore photo opportunities, campers to enjoy life at shore base camps, kayakers to explore nearby shores, Our Antarctic journeys begin in Ushuaia, Tierra del where the ship cannot go. Passengers who do not wish Fuego, on the southern tip of Argentina. Ushuaia is to be physically active will enjoy our zodiac excursions a bustling port town and its 40,000 inhabitants are and follow the normal shore program and land nestled between the cold mountains and an even excursions—easy to moderate walks and hikes with a colder sea. ‘Downtown’ has plenty of shops including focus on wildlife. internet cafés, cafés, clothes shops, chemists and an array of good restaurants.
    [Show full text]
  • THE POLAR RECORD Editor: L
    THE POLAR RECORD Editor: L. M. Forbes. Editorial Committee: B. B. Roberts, G. de Q. Robin, Sir J. M. Wordie Vol. 9 January 1959 No. 61 CONTENTS The Scott Polar Research Institute page 297 ARTICLES : The Canadian Northern Insect Survey, 1947-57. By T. N. Freeman 299 Recent economic developments in northern Quebec and Labrador. By J. Brian Bird . 308 Iron ore in Arctic Europe. By P. A. B. Gethin .... 314 Geodetic survey of northern Canada by shoran trilateration. By Angus C. Hamilton 320 The manuscript collection of the Scott Polar Research Institute. By Ann Savours .......... 331 FIELD WORK: British expedition to Vestspitsbergen, 1956 . • . 336 French expedition to central Greenland, 1956-57 .... 336 British expedition to north-west Greenland, 1957 .... 336 Soviet Arctic expeditions, 1957 337 The Northern Sea Route in 1957 337 Swedish-Finnish-Swiss International Geophysical Year Expedition to Nordaustlandet, 1957-58; and Swedish Expedition to Nordaust- landet, 1958-59: Season 1957-58. ...... 338 Swedish Glaciological Expedition to Nordaustlandet, 1958 . 339 Under-ice crossing of the Arctic basin: U.S.S. Nautilus and U.S.S. Skate, 1958 340 . Arctic Institute Greenland Expedition, 1958 341 British naval hydrographic surveys in the Falkland Islands Depen- dencies, 1956-57 and 1957-58 '. 341 The Australian automatic weather station on Lewis Islet, Wilkes Land 342 Anglo-American physiological team in Ross Dependency, 1957-58 . 343 NOTES : Extension of International Geophysical Year activities into 1959 . 345 Norwegian-Soviet sealing agreement, 1958 ..... 845 Tenth meeting of the International Whaling Commission, 1958 . 349 New Soviet ice-strengthened ships 350 New geographical institute in Siberia 350 ig Pit 296 CONTENTS NOTES (cont.) Soviet organizations concerned with the Antarctic .
    [Show full text]
  • The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1955-1958
    THE COMMONWEALTH TRANS-ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION 1955-1958 HOW THE CROSSING OF ANTARCTICA MOVED NEW ZEALAND TO RECOGNISE ITS ANTARCTIC HERITAGE AND TAKE AN EQUAL PLACE AMONG ANTARCTIC NATIONS A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree PhD - Doctor of Philosophy (Antarctic Studies – History) University of Canterbury Gateway Antarctica Stephen Walter Hicks 2015 Statement of Authority & Originality I certify that the work in this thesis has not been previously submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged within the text. I also certify that the thesis has been written by me. Any help that I have received in my research and the preparation of the thesis itself has been acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. Elements of material covered in Chapter 4 and 5 have been published in: Electronic version: Stephen Hicks, Bryan Storey, Philippa Mein-Smith, ‘Against All Odds: the birth of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955-1958’, Polar Record, Volume00,(0), pp.1-12, (2011), Cambridge University Press, 2011. Print version: Stephen Hicks, Bryan Storey, Philippa Mein-Smith, ‘Against All Odds: the birth of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955-1958’, Polar Record, Volume 49, Issue 1, pp. 50-61, Cambridge University Press, 2013 Signature of Candidate ________________________________ Table of Contents Foreword ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Species Status Assessment Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes Fosteri)
    SPECIES STATUS ASSESSMENT EMPEROR PENGUIN (APTENODYTES FOSTERI) Emperor penguin chicks being socialized by male parents at Auster Rookery, 2008. Photo Credit: Gary Miller, Australian Antarctic Program. Version 1.0 December 2020 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Program Branch of Delisting and Foreign Species Falls Church, Virginia Acknowledgements: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Penguins are flightless birds that are highly adapted for the marine environment. The emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species. Emperors are near the top of the Southern Ocean’s food chain and primarily consume Antarctic silverfish, Antarctic krill, and squid. They are excellent swimmers and can dive to great depths. The average life span of emperor penguin in the wild is 15 to 20 years. Emperor penguins currently breed at 61 colonies located around Antarctica, with the largest colonies in the Ross Sea and Weddell Sea. The total population size is estimated at approximately 270,000–280,000 breeding pairs or 625,000–650,000 total birds. Emperor penguin depends upon stable fast ice throughout their 8–9 month breeding season to complete the rearing of its single chick. They are the only warm-blooded Antarctic species that breeds during the austral winter and therefore uniquely adapted to its environment. Breeding colonies mainly occur on fast ice, close to the coast or closely offshore, and amongst closely packed grounded icebergs that prevent ice breaking out during the breeding season and provide shelter from the wind. Sea ice extent in the Southern Ocean has undergone considerable inter-annual variability over the last 40 years, although with much greater inter-annual variability in the five sectors than for the Southern Ocean as a whole.
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctic Primer
    Antarctic Primer By Nigel Sitwell, Tom Ritchie & Gary Miller By Nigel Sitwell, Tom Ritchie & Gary Miller Designed by: Olivia Young, Aurora Expeditions October 2018 Cover image © I.Tortosa Morgan Suite 12, Level 2 35 Buckingham Street Surry Hills, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia To anyone who goes to the Antarctic, there is a tremendous appeal, an unparalleled combination of grandeur, beauty, vastness, loneliness, and malevolence —all of which sound terribly melodramatic — but which truly convey the actual feeling of Antarctica. Where else in the world are all of these descriptions really true? —Captain T.L.M. Sunter, ‘The Antarctic Century Newsletter ANTARCTIC PRIMER 2018 | 3 CONTENTS I. CONSERVING ANTARCTICA Guidance for Visitors to the Antarctic Antarctica’s Historic Heritage South Georgia Biosecurity II. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Antarctica The Southern Ocean The Continent Climate Atmospheric Phenomena The Ozone Hole Climate Change Sea Ice The Antarctic Ice Cap Icebergs A Short Glossary of Ice Terms III. THE BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Life in Antarctica Adapting to the Cold The Kingdom of Krill IV. THE WILDLIFE Antarctic Squids Antarctic Fishes Antarctic Birds Antarctic Seals Antarctic Whales 4 AURORA EXPEDITIONS | Pioneering expedition travel to the heart of nature. CONTENTS V. EXPLORERS AND SCIENTISTS The Exploration of Antarctica The Antarctic Treaty VI. PLACES YOU MAY VISIT South Shetland Islands Antarctic Peninsula Weddell Sea South Orkney Islands South Georgia The Falkland Islands South Sandwich Islands The Historic Ross Sea Sector Commonwealth Bay VII. FURTHER READING VIII. WILDLIFE CHECKLISTS ANTARCTIC PRIMER 2018 | 5 Adélie penguins in the Antarctic Peninsula I. CONSERVING ANTARCTICA Antarctica is the largest wilderness area on earth, a place that must be preserved in its present, virtually pristine state.
    [Show full text]
  • Download (Pdf, 236
    Science in the Snow Appendix 1 SCAR Members Full members (31) (Associate Membership) Full Membership Argentina 3 February 1958 Australia 3 February 1958 Belgium 3 February 1958 Chile 3 February 1958 France 3 February 1958 Japan 3 February 1958 New Zealand 3 February 1958 Norway 3 February 1958 Russia (assumed representation of USSR) 3 February 1958 South Africa 3 February 1958 United Kingdom 3 February 1958 United States of America 3 February 1958 Germany (formerly DDR and BRD individually) 22 May 1978 Poland 22 May 1978 India 1 October 1984 Brazil 1 October 1984 China 23 June 1986 Sweden (24 March 1987) 12 September 1988 Italy (19 May 1987) 12 September 1988 Uruguay (29 July 1987) 12 September 1988 Spain (15 January 1987) 23 July 1990 The Netherlands (20 May 1987) 23 July 1990 Korea, Republic of (18 December 1987) 23 July 1990 Finland (1 July 1988) 23 July 1990 Ecuador (12 September 1988) 15 June 1992 Canada (5 September 1994) 27 July 1998 Peru (14 April 1987) 22 July 2002 Switzerland (16 June 1987) 4 October 2004 Bulgaria (5 March 1995) 17 July 2006 Ukraine (5 September 1994) 17 July 2006 Malaysia (4 October 2004) 14 July 2008 Associate Members (12) Pakistan 15 June 1992 Denmark 17 July 2006 Portugal 17 July 2006 Romania 14 July 2008 261 Appendices Monaco 9 August 2010 Venezuela 23 July 2012 Czech Republic 1 September 2014 Iran 1 September 2014 Austria 29 August 2016 Colombia (rejoined) 29 August 2016 Thailand 29 August 2016 Turkey 29 August 2016 Former Associate Members (2) Colombia 23 July 1990 withdrew 3 July 1995 Estonia 15 June
    [Show full text]
  • The Antarctic Treaty
    The Antarctic Treaty Measures adopted at the Thirty-ninth Consultative Meeting held at Santiago, Chile 23 May – 1 June 2016 Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs by Command of Her Majesty November 2017 Cm 9542 © Crown copyright 2017 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at www.gov.uk/government/publications Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at Treaty Section, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, King Charles Street, London, SW1A 2AH ISBN 978-1-5286-0126-9 CCS1117441642 11/17 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Printed in the UK by the APS Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majestyʼs Stationery Office MEASURES ADOPTED AT THE THIRTY-NINTH ANTARCTIC TREATY CONSULTATIVE MEETING Santiago, Chile 23 May – 1 June 2016 The Measures1 adopted at the Thirty-ninth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting are reproduced below from the Final Report of the Meeting. In accordance with Article IX, paragraph 4, of the Antarctic Treaty, the Measures adopted at Consultative Meetings become effective upon approval by all Contracting Parties whose representatives were entitled to participate in the meeting at which they were adopted (i.e. all the Consultative Parties). The full text of the Final Report of the Meeting, including the Decisions and Resolutions adopted at that Meeting and colour copies of the maps found in this command paper, is available on the website of the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat at www.ats.aq/documents.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 84, No. 78/Tuesday, April 23, 2019/Rules
    Federal Register / Vol. 84, No. 78 / Tuesday, April 23, 2019 / Rules and Regulations 16791 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., nor does it require Agricultural commodities, Pesticides SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The any special considerations under and pests, Reporting and recordkeeping Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978, as Executive Order 12898, entitled requirements. amended (‘‘ACA’’) (16 U.S.C. 2401, et ‘‘Federal Actions to Address Dated: April 12, 2019. seq.) implements the Protocol on Environmental Justice in Minority Environmental Protection to the Richard P. Keigwin, Jr., Populations and Low-Income Antarctic Treaty (‘‘the Protocol’’). Populations’’ (59 FR 7629, February 16, Director, Office of Pesticide Programs. Annex V contains provisions for the 1994). Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is protection of specially designated areas Since tolerances and exemptions that amended as follows: specially managed areas and historic are established on the basis of a petition sites and monuments. Section 2405 of under FFDCA section 408(d), such as PART 180—[AMENDED] title 16 of the ACA directs the Director the tolerance exemption in this action, of the National Science Foundation to ■ do not require the issuance of a 1. The authority citation for part 180 issue such regulations as are necessary proposed rule, the requirements of the continues to read as follows: and appropriate to implement Annex V Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371. to the Protocol. et seq.) do not apply. ■ 2. Add § 180.1365 to subpart D to read The Antarctic Treaty Parties, which This action directly regulates growers, as follows: includes the United States, periodically food processors, food handlers, and food adopt measures to establish, consolidate retailers, not States or tribes.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinstrap Penguins Gather Here to Breed
    t is one of the most desolate to this chinstrap stronghold to survey places on Earth. The ice-capped the breeding population. The chinstrap mountain of Elephant Island is may be the most abundant of Antarctica’s an inhospitable crag whose sheer penguins, with an estimated 7.5 million cliffs feel the full force of the breeding pairs, but their populations Southern Ocean on all sides. Yet, have plummeted in the past 40 years. each December, this tiny Antarctic Signy, Deception and Penguin Islands, Penguin Ioutpost transforms into a riot of sound for instance, have experienced declines and colour as tens of thousands of of 50–70 per cent. By carrying out counts chinstrap penguins gather here to breed. on Elephant Island, last surveyed in Nesting in rookeries almost 200m 1971, plus a string of other, little-studied above the sea, these charismatic birds – islands, the team wanted to find out if the named for the thin black line that gives pattern was true elsewhere. them a helmeted appearance – stain huge swathes of the island pink with guano. Bird’s-eye view The stench is matched in intensity only Day one involves scaling a 70m cliff to Puzzle by the noise. “It’s like being in a football count one of the island’s largest colonies. Antarctica’s chinstrap stadium – it’s an assault on your senses,” Thousands of penguins gather in the penguins are in decline, says Noah Strycker, one of four penguin amphitheatre-like space below, watching biologists that I accompanied to this over their fluffball chicks, while others their demise a sign of remote outpost in early January.
    [Show full text]