Writing and Language Test 35 MINUTES, 44 QUESTIONS

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Turn to Section 2 of your answer sheet to ~uuwer the questions fn this section.

l•l@iiiiUE►i Each passage below is accompanied by a. number of questions. For some questions, you will corlsiderhow the passage might be revised to improve the expression ofideas. For other questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A pass~ge or a question may be accompanied by one or more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you wilt consider as you make revising and editing decisions,

Some questiotiSwill direct you to an underlined portion of a passage, Other questions will direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole. After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the conventions of standard written English. Many questions Include a "NO CHANGE" option. Choose that optioriif you think the best. choice is to leave the relevant pprtlon of the passage as it is.

Questh:ms 1· 11 are based on the following passage.

A) NO CHANGE My Kingdom for mtDNA. B) was The University of Leicester, working with the C) are I)) will be Richard III Society and the LeicesterCity Council, undertook an ambitious archaeological project !n

August 2012. The group, .in as short a time as A) NOCHANGE seven months, ~ able to announce to the world B B) remarkable, that it haQ done something B remarkable: it had found C) remarkable-because-- a lost king. D} remark.able; because

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The group had uncovered the lost grave of King

Richiu-d III, the last English king to dieJn battle. He died A) NOCHANGE at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485 at the age of 32, and his B) sometime around 1538, C) sometime---around 1538, grave ''went missing" ■ sometime, around lS3B when D) sometime, around 1538; the church umier which he was buried was destroyed, and with it, aHthe records ofbutial. Some time passed, and the kirtgstayed missing. II The writer wants to begin this paragraph with a When human remains were found under a parking lot in sentence that emphasizes the amount of time the king had been missing. Which choice most Leicester at the site that many historians believed ha

The writer wants to provide additional specific details that show why many thought thatthe remains might be those of Richard III. Gtven how Richard III was described earlier in the passage, which choice best accomplishes this goal? A) NOCHANGE B) a male human being. C) an individual who lived in the 1400s. D) a man who died in his early thirties, likely from battlefield wounds. -~~~liti~7~t~~-~~ A} NOCHANGE B} wondered over C) guessed on 0) thought on

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Sdentists used a special type of DNA test to explore the possibility that the remains were those of Richard UL At this point, the writer is considering adding the following .sentence. They analyzed mitochondrial.DNA (or mtDNA) 1 which The word "mitochondria" comes from the Greek is the DNA that exists within mitochondria, the words for "thread" and "granule.'' organelles thatconvert chemical energy into a form that Should the writer make this addition here? bodies can use. B Transmitted exclusively from mother A) Yes, because it provides additional detail for the definition of the word «mitochondria." to child, mtbNA is incredibly useful when tracing female B) Yes, because it illustrates the relationship lines of descent. A mother will pass on the tntDNA to all between mitochondria and mtDNA. of her .:hildren, regardless of gender, but the mtDN A will C) No, l',ecause it interrupts the paragraph's explanation of mtDNA with a loosely related only continue to be transmitted B through the detail. generations if female descendants of a family have female P) No, because it repeats information about word origins provided elsewhere in the passage. descendants. Therefore, ifa female line ofdescent remains II not broken, then the mtDNA is passed on . • A) NOCHANGE B) and passed down from generation to generation C) through generations offuture descendants D) in female descendants

A) NO CHANGE B) not broken up, C} unbroke, D) unbroken,

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Richard m slrnred mtDNA with his sister Anne 1)f IDI Y,irk because thcy had the same mother, Cecily Neville. Which choice best introdures the paragraph?

Historians were able to meticulously trace an all-female A) :-,JOCHANGE lineage from Anne or York through more than. fiw B} '111e scientists had to take some ofthe hones to he analyzed, hundred years, ending at a man ilamed )Vlkhad Ibsen, C) An advantnge of mtDNA is that there is a lot of it born in 1957. Ibsen is Ne\'ille's seventeenth grncrati0n within icach cell, S<) $dentists have plenty of matii'rhtl to study. gnmdsoo an

Una.uthorfzed ~->PyinlJ or reuse o! any pan of thi< p~g,;," iil~gaL 19 CONTINUE Questl®S 12-22 are based on the following passage and supplementary material, A) NOCHANGE B) architects are increasingly designing buildings Modeling Sustainability with Living Buildings C) building design is increasing by architects In response to their clients' growing commitment to D) architects' designs are increasing for buildings ·. environmental sustainability. IIJ buildings are increasingly designed by architects that meet the requirements for a variety of green building A) NOCHANGE B) certifications. One of the most 111 exhausting ofthese outrageous C) rigorous certifications is that for the "living building," which D) draining requires meeting the extensive criteria enumerated in the

Living Building Challenge. Although its. requirements may be daunting, this challenge is worth embracing for those who seek to set the highest standards for sustainable building.

20 CONTINUE Living buildings have numerous environmental -~;.;;,; ':,.: ' advantages over both. traditional QI buildings, and less A) NO CHANGE stririgently certified green buildings. A living building B) buildings, and, C) buildings and must not. only avoid depleting finite energy and water DJ b1.1ildings; and resources but also provide its own. IIJ In conclusion, to meet the Living Building Challenge's requirements for energy and water usage, the Omega Center for •··A) NO CHANGE Sustainable Living in Rhinebeck, New York, was. designed B) For instance, with a solar power IIJ systemthat generates nearly 2,000 C) By contrast, D) However, kilowatt hours of energy in excess ofwhat the building uses per year. An Eco-Machine filtration system makes ,~~- ;~ ~·. ::- ; groundwater potable. In addition, an underground Ill A) NO CHANGE cistern collects rainwater for use in toilets. These and B) system; whi.ch other features II is resulting in a building that is entirely C) system, that self-sustaining. D) system, it

• A) NO CHANGE B) are resulting C) has resulted D) result

UMUthorlzed copying or reuS

Living buildings do have one. Ill drawback. That drawback is a high price tag. However, a 2009 cost Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined porti

Payback. Period for Living Buildings in Selected Cities B) Similar buildings elsewhere, however, typically take twice as long. High-rise Low~ Mid- K-8 mixed- C) For a low-rise office building in the temperate rise rise school use climate of Portland, Oregon, recouping the cost office office would take as long as 25,-30 years. (years) b1.1ilding (years) (years} (years) D) K.,8 schools generally recoup their costs in Portland, OR less time. 10-15 25-30 18-23 13-18 (temoerate climate) Atlanta. GA 8.,-,13 21-c26 15-20 13-18 (hot, humid climate) Phoenix,AZ 12-17 20-25 16-21 ll-16 (hot, arid climate) Boston,MA 6-11 16-21 10-15 {cool dimate) s-n

Adapted from Cascac!ia Green Building Council et al., "l.lvlng .Buildlng Financial Study: Cost Compari.son Matrix." €:i2009 by lntemationa.l L1vin9 Future.lnst!tute.

Unalltllorlze

Some detrnctorsargue that it's not necessary to go to Ill what they consider the extremes required for a living A) NOCHANGE building: instead, mwe advocate taking small steps B) they C) you toward increased energy efficiency. Those small steps ()) shouldn't be disregarded, but the big steps have the greatest potential to help people envision a .triily Ill sustainable future. Although W,1ing buildings nre ID Th~· writer wants to. end the paragraph with a probably not feasible for every community, they could be fonnird-hmking statement that focuses on a positive aspect of living buildings. Which choke most considered in places where their costs can be quickly effectively accomplishes this goal? recouped. A) NO CHANGE B) To th,lt end, the EnvirnnmentalPrcrtection Agency has developed a program called WaterSense to help residents of all kinds of buildings save water and 111oncy. C) With the "livingbuilding" certification, buildings ~an serve as models that inspire and propel communities to the next level of environmental sustainability. D) The detractors have apoim-all me~sutes that decrease a building's envi.ronmental impact, no !llatter how small, should be taken into cnnsidt'nltion.

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Questions 2J·33 are based on the following passage. • A) NOCHANGE Hello, Stranger R) twenty-six-year-old, Brandou Stanton 1n 20 l 0, BJ twentVc six-year-old Brandon Stanton C) twenty-six-year-old, Brandon Stanton, D) twenty-six-year-old Brandon Stanton, arrived in New York City, where he knew no one. with nothing but two suitcases. Prior to his arrival, he had been traveling around the United States, taking Ill At this point, the writer is considering adding the photographs and posting them on his blog. In following information. Philadelphia, he called his collection of photos "Bricks -names he derived from his first impressions o those cities and Flags"; in Pittsburgh, "Yellow Steel Bridges" m. Should the writer make this addition here? When he first got to New York, overwhelmed by the A) Yes, because it provides context for the Ill compactness of people, he called the collection of discussion of the New York project that follows .. B) Yes, because it helps explain why Stanton ended i photos he took ''Humans of New York." -1 up choosing New York City as his final destination. C) No, because the information conrradicts people' conventional perceptions ofthose cities. D) No, because it blurs the focus of the paragraph on how "Humans of New York" first came about.

• A) NOCHANGE BJ frequency C) density I)) solidity

Unauthonred Cllpylng or reuM?, of any pan ofrhls page i$ illegal. 24 CONTINUE lt was in N.ew York that his already extremely popular blog Bl got its name, eventually attracting over Which choke best sets up the information that follows in the sentence! 1.5 million followers on Facebook and over 33,000 on A) NOCHANGE Twitter. To date, Stanton has photographed and spoken B) became an online phenomenon, to around 10,000 strangers through his work on C) was first discovered by an agent, "Humans of New York," and his best efforts have been D) was turned into a·book,

published in a Qe>ok oftlle same mime. At first Stanton's

goal was to make a geographic. census of the city, tagging

each ofhis photos on an interactive rnap. The project, A) NOCHANGE B} stray bits and bobs from however, evolved as he got to know his subjec:ts and C) things from began posting III snippets of his casual interviews with D) microscopic fragments from them-the happiest moment in their life, whatJhey love most about their pimner, orwhattheir greatest struggle llaltf;' has beert-ascaptions beneath the picture. This text A) NOCHANGE managed to add another fayer ofhumanity to each of the B) ofit l i C) ofwhich j photos, the cumulative result Bl ofthis is a poignant D) DELETE the underlined portion. I tapestry ofyouth and aging, achievement and misfortune. wealth and II Poverty, and, love and loss.

A) NOCHANGE B) poverty, and C) poverty and, D) po~rty; and,

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People often wonder how Stanton 11D takes ~uch 1111 professional•looking photographs. without any formal Which choice most eftectively introduces the parngrnph? !~!!& After all, he is merely a young man walking the A) NO CHANGE streets with a fancy camera when he approaches. Hnw B} deriws satisfaction from wandering the city does he persuad,: people It) let him take their picture. let all d«y. alone open up to him? It was1i't easy. mTherefort\ Cl has been able lo draw such intimate details fron complete strnngers. Stanton was turned down al least 90 percent of tbe D) continually finds new ways of posing his time-especially by women, who were llnderstandably subjects. wary of having mher picture taken hy ,,man they didn't know. 111 A) NOCHANGE B) However, C) Initially, D) Moreover,

Ill A) NO Cf IANGE B) one's C) his or her D) their

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of 1his page;, illegal. 26 CONTINUE Over time, Stanton realized that it isn't the words he Ill uses to ask people's pennission that makes the difference A) NOCHANGE but the energy he gives off. If he exudes genuine, curious, B) estimated C) has estimated confident energy an~i crouches low to the gmund to D} had estimated appear less threatening, lte's able to tnake his potential subJects feel comfortable. Now Stanton IIJ estimates that he gets a yes about two-thitJs. of the tin:1i:. For an endeavor that began as on~ giant risk that no one conld see paying off, this is a ,witch in odds Stanton is both extremelr proud of and humbled by. In only a few years, he has g..:,;1c from not knowing a single soul in the city to med,ag ,tt ka~t 10,000-aml to rea~hing fur more than

::-,.1~ fr,:ough his wonderful photos and text

V11a1.1thorized copying or.reuse of ooy part of this page is Illegal. 27 CONTINUE Questions 34-44 are based on the following passage.

A} NOCHANGE Food, Lodging. and Freed.om fromWi-Fi B) they were watching Ten years ago, 1 drove through the snow to a C) and watching D) watching nineteenth-century mansion in the countryside. I was then escorted to a private cabin that held a bed, a piano, a large desk, and a picture window. Six deer immediately A) NOCHANGE grouped below my window, IIJ they watched me as.I B) went on to win began to write. I wrote all day until! went to the dining · C) went on and later won hall for dinner. There l met a novelist whose work I'd D) later went on to wfn admired for years, a filmmaker who IIJ later went on arnlwon an Oscar, and many other artists and writers, including a poet who became one of my closest friends.

This was my first experience in an artists' colony, and l continue to work in one whenever I can.

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11'1 colonks, residencies, or retreatsc.-,vere built in bucolic A) NOCHANGE settings by Gilded Age philanthropists. [2JTh(1ugh they B} conm11.111ities: C} cnmmunities- exist today in urban us well as rural settings, colonies still D) communities providt: much-needed serenity for writers. {3J These residencies vary: .some require a fee, but m,u1y uon't; 111 some provide free l'imeals, but others don't, some take A) NO CHANGE µlace in cabins in tlte Midwest, and others takeplace in B) meals; but others don't, villas in France. f4] The gmil was to provide a pe,Keful C) meal~, but others don't, D) meals but others don't, place for artiststn work. i5] Many offer the one resource artists find so elusive yet so necessary ii)!' fo;::used I'm :,York; freedom from the Internet. IPJ ID A) NO CHANGE m \vork: and that is CJ work, but D) work: m To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 4 should be placed A) where it is mnv. B) after sentence L C) after sentence 2. D l after se11tence 5,

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Most artists' colonies can be found on the website for the Alliance of Artists Communities, a comprehensive • A) NOCHANGE database listing hundreds of colonies. If you are a serious B) their C) you're artist and you require some degree of solitude to D) your concentrate. an artists' colony may be for you. Surprisingly, it may -1lso be more accessible to you than you might think, even if you are new to IDJ there creative •••• Which choice provides appropriate support for a field. claim made earlier in the passage? Each residency requires an application, usually A) NOCHANGE B) many colonies welcome artists working on their consisting ofa project description, a short biography, a first projects. resume, a work sample, and a srna]l fee. l had a C} the founders of the colonies wanted to help me anyway. substantial amount of work on my resume whenJ D) all r really cared. about was the peace and quiet. applied, but mI was anxious to get started on my next book l'he application process can be extremely Ill competitive; ID some apelkations even ask for Which choke most effectively sets up the idea recommendations from established artists. Groups of expressed in the next sentence? A} NO CHANGE judges change from year to year and, with them, tastes B) applkations often cont.ain multiple sections and and values; a panel that accepts you one year may reject demand large time commitments. C) it is good to know exactly what each application requires before beginning the process. D) you may nee~ to apply many times before you are invited to be a guest.

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you the next, so volume is key. Your application must -f~t/:· 111 contain no grammatical errors, your work sample A} NO CHANGE must representyour best effort, and your resume, B} hold C) enclose however short, must reflect a serious intention to pursue D) carry your artwork as a career,

Creating a compelling application can be difficult. ~~ \\ mTherefore, once you've leim1ed to articulate your ••A) NO CHANGE ideas clearly and put your best work forward, you'll be on B) On the other hand, a path that might lead you to a place of inspiration and. C) In fact, D) For example, focus.

STOP If you finish before tinie is called, y<>u may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section,.