Baker Institute Report Notes from the James A

Number 23 Fall 2005 Baker Institute Report Notes from the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy of Rice University

Commission on Federal Election Reform Holds Hearings at Baker Institute

Former President Jimmy Carter and James A. Baker, III, the 61st Secretary of State, co- chaired the second hearing of the Commission on Federal Election Reform June 30, 2005. Issues of voter registration, voter identification, voter technology, and election administration dominated public testimony by experts. Later in the day, commission members met in a private session and discussed these topics in the context of Members of the Commission on Federal Election Reform include (from left to right, top row): Ralph Munro, Kay Cole James, Raul Yzaguirre, Tom Phillips, Spencer Overton, Lee Hamilton, Sharon Priest, Rita the commission’s twin goals of DiMartino, Robert Mosbacher, Jack Nelson, (bottom row) Betty Castor, Shirley Malcom, Bob Michel, Robert Pastor, Jimmy Carter, James A. Baker, III, Benjamin Ladner, Tom Daschle, Susan Molinari, David Leebron. continued on page 19

New National Oil Program Initiated With Saudi Aramco CEO Announcement The Baker Institute Energy dent and chief executive officer, Forum has launched a new, Abdallah S. Jum’ah. In a May 16, of Baker Institute two-year research program, 2005, address, he asserted that Advisory Board “The Role of the National Oil Saudi Arabia “is uniquely posi- Company in International tioned” to increase its petroleum Colin Powell and Madeleine Energy Markets,” recognizing the production capacity to meet the Albright to be members national oil companies’ lion’s world’s growing energy demand ex officio. share of global energy reserves over the next 20 years. Saudi William Barnett will serve as and the likelihood that their Aramco, the world’s largest oil chairman. influence on oil markets and company, dwarfs all competi- geopolitics will expand in com- tors, public and private, based David Leebron to be member ing decades. on oil production and estimated ex officio. The inaugural speaker for reserves. the new program was the Saudi (See Director’s letter on page 2.) Arabian Oil Company’s presi- continued on page 20

Letter from the Director

Having entered Over the past 10 years, the insti- key issues. The institute’s state-of- its second tute has established a strong track the-art telecommunications capa- decade as a record of achievement based on bilities provide our speakers with leading non- the work of Rice faculty and the a broad and diverse national and partisan uni- institute’s endowed scholars and international audience. versity-based fellows. They do important research The Advisory Board will play an think tank, the on domestic and foreign policy important role in helping the insti- Baker Institute issues with the goal of bridging the tute augment its current research has established an Advisory Board gap between the theory and prac- and programs and formulate future of distinguished members who will tice of public policy. The institute public policy initiatives. We look bring their experience and knowl- also collaborates with experts from forward to working closely with edge to the institute’s future direc- academia, government, the media, these distinguished individuals in tion and help secure its strategic business, and nongovernmental this important and challenging goals for the near and long term. and private organizations. We then endeavor. We are honored that former provide the results of our research Edward P. Djerejian secretaries of state Colin Powell and programs and studies with specific Madeleine Albright have accepted recommendations to those involved Colin Powell our invitation to serve as ex officio in the formulation and execution members of the board. Their judg- of public policy. ment, unique experience, and abil- For example, Baker Fellow ity to provide the strategic direction John Diamond and Baker Scholar on policy issues that is so vital to a George Zodrow are working public policy institute will be invalu- with the U.S. Department of the able. Treasury to improve the Treasury The Advisory Board will be com- Department’s economic models prised of eight persons from aca- and to provide a nonpartisan Madeleine Albright demia and the private and public analysis of the effects of alterna- sectors. We are very pleased that E. tive tax reform options using a William Barnett, the former chair- dynamic general equilibrium man of the Board of Trustees of model of the U.S. economy. Baker Rice University and former manag- Fellows George Abbey and Neal ing partner of Baker Botts, LLP, has Lane recently made recommen- agreed to serve as the chairman of dations on U.S. space policy in a the Advisory Board. He was recently paper published by the American named the 2005 Director of the Academy of Arts and Sciences. The Year by the National Association institute also has been playing an William Barnett of Corporate Directors. Working active role in Middle East conflict closely with Bill Barnett, we have resolution issues through its own begun the process of recruiting the public diplomacy initiatives and by new board members. It is also my consulting with the Bush adminis- pleasure to announce that David tration. Leebron, the president of Rice The institute continues to attract University, will serve as an ex officio many domestic and foreign leaders member of the Board. who have expressed their views on

Senator Biden Calls for U.S. and Allies to Rethink Foreign Policy Senator Joseph Biden (D-Del.), Biden offered three key pre- the ranking minority member scriptions for change, signaling a of the U.S. Senate Committee possible basis for bipartisan coop- on Foreign Relations, urged the eration in the future. Bush administration to use the First, he called on the United beginning of its second term as a States to build on its alliances to chance to recast its foreign policy make them more effective and initiatives in order to more effec- to restructure existing interna- tively confront key national secu- tional organizations to make rity challenges facing the United them more relevant. He stressed Senator Joseph Biden States in this century. that the challenges of this cen- Speaking to an audience at tury cannot be met solely with reorient international organiza- the Baker Institute via Internet unilateral, military force; rather, tions such as the United Nations teleconferencing February 3, the United States should seek its to help stabilize weak states. 2005, just days after President allies’ support and leverage inter- Working with the administra- George W. Bush’s State of the national organizations and trea- tion and outside experts last year, Union address, Biden called on ties to enforce rules when they Biden and Senator Richard Lugar the United States and its allies are violated. (R-Ind.), chairman of the Senate to reevaluate prior attitudes and Second, he called on the Foreign Relations Committee, policies in order to combat new administration to forge a preven- proposed a law to strengthen threats to freedom and peace tion strategy to diffuse threats to the country’s capacity to build posed by Islamic fundamentalism national security before they are nations. Additional initiatives and the proliferation of weapons on the verge of exploding, while would help plan postconflict of mass destruction. still retaining the right to react reconstruction, build a roster of preemptively. Biden said this international police, and create a strategy would require full fund- system to train indigenous secu- “The real test of American ing of homeland security budgets rity forces. to detect and prevent attacks, as Director Edward P. Djerejian leadership … is not just act- well as new international institu- observed that in its second term, tions, laws, and nonproliferation the Bush administration has been actively reaching out to allies and ing in the national interest, treaties. Third, Biden urged the promoting democratic initiatives, United States and its allies to particularly in the Middle East. it lies in persuading others help reform failed, antidemo- “Senator Biden’s critique of cratic states in order to squash America’s foreign policy indicates to join us or, at the very threats of instability, radicalism, that the mainstream Democrats and terror. He said the United and Republicans may not be that least, to understand our States and its allies should seri- far apart,” Djerejian said. “With ously commit to undertake eco- the necessary political will on motives when we act.” nomic development, provide both sides, there may be the basis debt relief, furnish tools to com- for bipartisan cooperation on the – Joseph Biden bat corruption, fight disease, and elaboration of foreign policy in the period ahead.”

Institute’s Israeli-Palestinian Workshop Publishes Roadmap Recommendations

The Baker Institute’s Israeli- and officials, as well as to Arab and disengagement, with the neces- Palestinian working group other governments. sary technical and professional paper, “Creating A Roadmap “Both the Israeli and Palestinian assistance. Implementation Process Under leadership have expressed their • The United States should devel- United States Leadership,” was willingness to implement their obli- op the requirements to allow published in February 2005. The gations under Phase One of the for an Israeli withdrawal from policy recommendations are the Roadmap and return to bilateral the Philadelphi Corridor and product of a series of workshops negotiations toward a Permanent the transfer of security author- conducted under the aegis of the Status Agreement and an end ity for the Egypt-Gaza border, institute and chaired by Director to conflict,” the report states. as well as the Gaza airport and Edward P. Djerejian, with Israeli, “Although the obligations of the seaport, territorial waters and Palestinian, U.S., European, parties are unilateral in nature, airspace, to the Palestinian Canadian, Egyptian, Jordanian, neither side can successfully follow Authority. and nongovernmental organization through on their commitments • The United States should lead participants. The group examined without adequate support and coor- an international effort for the steps necessary to allow for a dination from the international Palestinian economic rehabili- successful implementation of Israeli community, in particular, the tation in the West Bank and and Palestinian commitments and a U.S.” Gaza Strip to accompany Israeli return to the Roadmap. The group’s recommendation disengagement. A key thrust of the paper is that the administration assist the • The United States should develop with the parties a trilateral how the Bush administration can parties in engaging in a program working plan for the orderly not only guide the parties toward that leads to a renewal of bilat- transfer to the Palestinan implementation of their commit- eral negotiations would include Authority of structures and ments, but how U.S. leadership can encouraging both sides to reach a infrastructures in the areas to assist the parties in turning unilat- complete and comprehensive ces- be evacuated. eral action into a comprehensive sation of violence as the necessary • The United States should assist multilateral action program that framework for security action. The in providing a safety net for cri- ultimately leads to bilateral Israeli- United States should also encour- sis situations through the estab- Palestinian negotiations. With the age the Palestinian Authority to lishment of trilateral coordina- election of Palestinian Authority consolidate security reform and tion and liaison mechanisms. President Mahmoud Abbas and encourage Israel to implement • The unique political capital of the planned implementation understandings reached regarding U.S. leadership should be used of Israeli Prime Minister Ariel unilateral disengagement and a to ensure adequate response Sharon’s Disengagement Plan, the comprehensive settlement freeze, to compliance and noncompli- Bush administration has a unique including natural growth of settle- ance by the parties, including opportunity and leadership role to ments and outpost removal. consultations between Quartet define the strategic direction of a Other key recommendations representatives and the par- Roadmap Implementation Process, include: ties on the establishment of a according to the group’s recom- • The United States should assist formal monitoring mechanism mendations. in capacity building support- and its implementation as The policy paper was sent to ing Palestinian governmental U.S., Israeli, and Palestinian leaders and security reform and Israeli continued on page 22

Baker Institute Engages Policymakers in China, Japan, and Korea

Ambassador Edward P. Djerejian led a delegation to Asia this summer with the aim to strengthen research links to leading policy centers in China, Japan, and South Korea. Traveling with Djerejian were Energy Fellows Amy Myers Jaffe and Kenneth Medlock, Steven Lewis, fellow in Asian studies, Mamoun Fandy, fellow in Middle Eastern studies, and visiting Rice anthropologist Susan Ossman. Rice University president David Leebron and his wife, Y. Ping Sun, joined the group for a major seminar in Shanghai at the Shanghai Institute for International Studies, a lead- At an international conference in China, from left to right, Ambassador Wang Shijie, Chinese special ing Chinese think tank on foreign envoy for the Middle East, Yu Xintian, president of the Shanghai Institute for International Studies (SIIS), Yang Jiemian, vice president of SIIS, Amy Myers Jaffe, Wallace S. Wilson fellow in energy stud- policy, July 18. ies, Baker Institute, and Li Weijian, SIIS scholar, discuss energy security and its implications for U.S., China, and Middle East relations. The day-long conference cov- ered the topic of energy security and U.S.-Chinese relations and included participation by respected Chinese researchers and foreign affairs officials. Participants held frank discussions on the potential pitfalls and opportunities for cooperation between China and the United States on relations with the countries and societies of the Middle East. In a keynote address, Djerejian emphasized the importance of the free and frank exchange of views between Chinese and American scholars and officials. President Leebron praised the role of the institute in developing policy network ties between prominent Chinese and American At an international seminar in Korea, from left to right, Ambassador Edward P. Djerejian, director of research universities. the Baker Institute, Representative Su Chan Chae, National Assembly, Uri Party, Jung-sik Koh, director general for energy industry, Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and Energy, South Korea, and Young Seok Min, director of economic analysis, Korea Energy Economics Institute, discuss multinational cooperation continued on page 22 on energy issues among countries in Asia.

Stem Cells: Saving Lives or Crossing Lines

The Far East is moving ahead policymakers, scientists, ethicists, rapidly in stem cell research, business leaders and science S t e m C e l l s : according to Stephen Minger, journalists from the United States E x p l a i n e d director of the Stem Cell Biology and the United Kingdom. Laboratory at King’s College “States are moving ahead, Stem cells are unspecialized cells that are capable of divid- London and developer of the countries are moving ahead,” ing and renewing for long first human embryonic stem cell Lane said. “I think as next steps, periods. While they do not line in the United Kingdom. perform specialized functions, Having visited facilities in South they can replicate and become Korea that can process more than “Embryonic stem cell research specialized cells. For example, a hematopoetic stem cell is a 100 stem cell samples a day and [in the United States] is stuck stem cell from which red and that have created 35 embryonic white blood cells evolve. stem cell lines, Minger noted that in a political quagmire,” Lane the old adage among researchers Embryonic stem cells are pro- in Europe—“Look West”—has said. “From a scientific duced from a fertilized egg been replaced by a new adage— that has been grown in vitro, standpoint, the current U.S. or in a laboratory, for five to “Look East.” six days. They have the ability He shared these observations policy on funding stem cell to become any specialized cell during a conference on stem cell in the body. research November 20-21, 2004, lines created before August 9, at the Baker Institute. Indeed, Adult stem cells are found in 2001, has stalled research in small amounts among special- the rapid advances in research by this country.” ized cells in adult tissue or scientists in the Far East helped organs. They are rare, how- convince Neal Lane, senior fel- ever, difficult to isolate, and low in science and technology, of not readily grown outside the the need to host the conference. we’re going to have to recon- body. They also have a more Lane, who is also the Malcolm sider the issue of federal funding limited potential than embryonic stem cells and most often of embryonic stem cell research. Gillis University Professor at are used to replace damaged Rice University, raised concerns We’re going to have to give it or diseased cells from the par- that federal restrictions on fund- another discussion—a discus- ticular tissue or organ in which ing for stem cell work would sion that involves a much larger they were found. cause the United States to lose dialogue in the community— Embryonic stem cells provide its leadership role in biomedical the one that we hope to help a mechanism for studying research. prompt.” early human development as To increase awareness of the With sessions ranging from well as the development and importance of stem cell research, the basics of human embryonic progression of diseases such the institute and conference stem cells and U.S. and U.K. as Parkinson’s disease. Adult co-sponsors, Baylor College policies on research to ethical and embryonic stem cells can be used to test new drugs or issues, media and public percep- of Medicine, the University of medication on specific cell Texas Health Science Center at tion, and business opportuni- types before proceeding to Houston, and the University of ties, the conference provided human trials. Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer an informed and cutting-edge

Center, gathered more than 200 continued on page 21

Tom Brokaw Speaks on His Life and Work

If former NBC Nightly News anchor Tom Brokaw were president, he would try to find some projects that are “easy cases for bipartisan effort,” starting with the federal election system. “It’s broken and we have to fix it,” Brokaw told a packed house in a November 15, 2004, talk that was part of the institute’s Shell Distinguished Lecture Series. “We can’t continue to have the uneven landscape that exists out there and the questions that are in the minds of everyone—even among the winners—about whether the votes counted, whether we can trust the integrity of the system, whether touchtone works or doesn’t work,

whether it’s paper ballots, who’s Tom Brokaw speaks about his views of political news in the course of his 42 years in broadcast registered, who’s not …” journalism. Brokaw noted that the tech- areas that are critical to the can- story for both the media and nology exists to restore credibil- didates. Brokaw said single-inter- himself to tell the American peo- ity to the American voting system est organizations take advantage ple. for federal office. Despite the of mass mailings of sophisticated “It took everything I knew as a partisan divisions in America, he propaganda and well-organized human being as well as a journal- said he believed that Republicans telephone and Internet networks ist to get through that day,” he and Democrats could agree on to make “surgical strikes” on the said. finding a solution to this prob- election process, singling out Brokaw said the war in Iraq lem. candidates or causes to promote and the war on terror were the With less than a month to their one issue. “underpinning” of President go before relinquishing his “I don’t think we’ve done a George W. Bush’s reelection. In position as anchor and manag- very good job of covering it,” addition, he cited terrorism as a ing editor of NBC Nightly News, he confessed, adding that the cause for ongoing self-examina- Brokaw shared his observations American mass media has yet to tion “about the wisdom and effi- on America and the world as he develop new techniques to keep cacy of our political, legal, and reminisced about his 42 years in pace with these changes in the military response to the shatter- broadcast journalism. American political system. ing and horrific events of 9/11.” He expressed dismay at the Brokaw commended the way political parties use modern media’s coverage of the terrorist technology and marketing tools attacks of September 11, which to target “every paranoia, howev- he singled out as the hardest er real or imagined,” of voters in

Syrian and Lebanese Ambassadors Speak on Conflict Resolution and U.S. Relations The Syrian and Lebanese ambassadors to the United States, Ambassadors Imad Moustapha and Farid Abboud, participated in a panel discussion at the Baker Institute February 8, 2005. It provided a snapshot of the relations between Lebanon and Syria before the seminal and tragic events in February, when former Lebanese prime minister Rafic Hariri was assassinated. “This dialogue represents the state of Lebanese-Syrian relations that have now been sig- Imad Moustapha, Syrian Ambassador to the United States, on the left, and Farid Abboud, Lebanese nificantly transformed following Ambassador to the United States, on the right, discuss Lebanese-Syrian relations. the assassination of Rafic Hariri the two countries. Abboud noted as between Israel’s neighbors. and the subsequent pullout of that they share a common bor- The Lebanese would like for the the Syrian troops and most of der, and all Lebanese commerce 400,000 Palestinian refugees in the intelligence apparatus,” said is either with or through Syria. its country to have a place to go. Ambassador Edward P. Djerejian, Moustapha said that Syria had Syria’s major territorial goal is commenting months after the already scaled back the number the return of the Golan Heights, panel discussion, which he mod- of troops stationed in Lebanon, which Israel occupied in 1967. It erated. to 15,000 in early February, from has invited Israel to resume peace “The challenge that Lebanon a peak of 45,000. Both ambas- negotiations. now has is, in the wake of its sadors cautioned outside players Regarding U.S.-Syrian rela- parliamentary elections, to deter- against applying pressure on Syria tions, Moustapha acknowledged mine how far it can proceed in to pull out, and they said, ulti- that they are going through “a reestablishing Lebanon’s political mately, it would be an issue for very difficult phase,” referring to independence and sovereignty, the Lebanese to decide. the repercussions Syria has felt and deal on a more equitable “Sometimes people say that for opposing the war in Iraq. He basis with its larger neighbor Lebanon is simply a theater for claimed, however, that Syria sup- Syria.” some countries, very powerful ported the Iraqi elections and has At the time of the panel, both ones, who want to put pressure secured common borders, actions Lebanon’s Abboud and Syria’s on Syria; it’s a pressure point, it’s the United States sought. “You Moustapha agreed that Lebanon for other issues, for Arab-Israeli are the only possible brokers of should be sovereign and Syria conflict problems, or for Iraq peace between us and the Israelis, should withdraw its troops. They issues,” Abboud said. so we cannot afford to sever con- were uncertain about the timing The two ambassadors also dis- tacts with you,” Moustapha said. and the circumstances of such cussed their support of a peace events, however, explaining the settlement between Israel and complex relationship between the Palestinian Authority, as well

Water and Peace: Israeli and Palestinian Perspectives

Despite fear that the severe cooperation in regional water dis- just one liter, compared to the scarcity of water across the tribution. The forum marked the minimum, 120-150 liters recom- Middle East could become a program’s culmination as the par- mended by the World Health trigger for war, leading experts ticipants’ first chance to interact Organization, the participant on the region’s water resources openly with each other and the said. Other problems include pol- as well as local professionals are public. lution and projected population hopeful that it could serve as a It could be a trigger for war or growth to levels that will far out- catalyst for cooperation. it could be a vote for peace, said strip water supplies. A January 13, 2005, forum one Palestinian participant who The success of the treaty held at the Baker Institute includ- requested anonymity. The partici- between Israel and Jordan, how- ed the perspectives of leading pant noted three critical issues ever, might serve as a basis for water experts and 15 Israeli and that affect all six Middle East future, regional cooperation, Palestinian water professionals regions regarding water: scarcity said Eilon Adar, senior lecturer who had traveled to participate in of supply, the need to share all of hydrology and hydrogeology, a month-long technological train- resources, and the existence of Ben-Gurion University. ing program at the University of only one clear water treaty— “What we have seen so far Texas in Austin. under which Israel supplies water actually suggests that we are That program was organized to Jordan. going to have cooperation in by the university’s LBJ School of Water is so scarce in the Gaza sharing and producing new water Public Affairs and was designed Strip, for example, that daily per from the region,” Adar said. to foster understanding and capita consumption averages

Jesse Jones Leadership Center Hosts D.C. Summer Interns This past summer, Rice intern program brings six Rice The other undergraduates who University students secured students to the nation’s capital were selected this spring to par- internships at prominent each year to obtain first-hand ticipate in the program are: David Washington, D.C., institu- experience in public service,” Brown, Hrishi Hari, Jason Lee, tions as part of the Jesse Jones said Director Edward P. Djerejian. James Prohaska, and Joe Vavra. Leadership Center Summer “It is a prime example of the The program gives Rice under- Internship Program. institute’s interaction with Rice graduates who are considering The institute program is University’s student body.” careers in public service and sponsored by an endowed gift Jordana Mosten, who is a policy analysis the financial means from the Houston Endowment junior history major and is doing to participate in unpaid intern- and other various donors. It is research on the Patriot Act at the ships at influential agencies and designed to help undergradu- American Civil Liberties Union, think tanks in Washington, D.C., ates who desire internships described the internship as “one said Steven Lewis, fellow in Asian in Washington, D.C., develop of the greatest opportunities I studies and coordinator of the careers in public policy. have had the honor to partake of program. “This Baker Institute summer at Rice University.”

Amr Moussa Speaks on U.S.-Arab Relations

Amr Moussa, secretary general of the League of Arab States, called on the Bush administration to retrieve its historic role as “honest broker” in the Middle East peace process in order to negotiate a balanced solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict and repair U.S.-Arab relations. Speaking at the Baker Institute January 31, 2005, literally days into President George W. Bush’s second term, Moussa warned of serious repercussions in U.S.-Arab relations should the United States not Amr Moussa, secretary general of the League of Arab States, takes questions after presenting his outlook seize the lead brokering multilat- on U.S.-Arab relations in the coming year. eral negotiations, much as it did in really threatening to the future of of their position, “there is a ray of 1991 when it sponsored the Madrid relations.” hope,” to broker peace. Peace Conference. Moussa’s address reflected the As part of his discussion of the “Dealing with the Palestinian uncertainty over the future of three major issues on the Middle question, in particular with the U.S.-Arab relations at the start of East agenda—reform, politics and Arab-Israeli conflict, in a fair way, Bush’s second term. Speaking at an security, and economic progress in a balanced way, will show that historic juncture in Middle Eastern and development—Moussa called the rift was not that deep,” he politics—shortly after democratic the Iraqi elections “a step in the advised, referring to what some Palestinian and Iraqi elections, and right direction.” Iraq, however, is have called a “clash of cultures” at a new stage in the Arab-Israeli far from resolving larger issues of following the terrorist attacks of peace process—Moussa said that security, unity of purpose and dia- September 11. “But if there would with new leadership in Palestine, logue, vision concerning its future, be no role, the rift will continue to a new cabinet in Washington, and and the presence of a foreign mili- deepen to an extent that would be perhaps a rethinking by the Israelis tary, he said. He called for a “rec- onciliation process” through which all groups that interface with Iraq help it move toward creating an “I don’t think that we have a clash between the independent and sovereign state. Baker Institute director Edward West and the Arab world…. We have a clash with cer- P. Djerejian said later that “Amr Moussa is stating what is evident” tain policies followed by certain countries that belong to regarding the “honest broker” role the United States must play the West.” in the peace process. He emphasized the Bush administration was – Amr Moussa continued on page 21

10 The War on Terrorism in Iraq: Consequences for U.S. Foreign and Domestic Policy

A conference addressing the effort against terrorism. cooperation among federal, domestic and foreign policy impli- Joan Neuhaus, fellow in state, and local governments, cations of international terrorism, counter terrorism, said that she the importance of balancing held at the institute December 3- was afraid many Americans are law enforcement and civil liber- 4, 2004, gave policy experts, schol- not sensitized to the internal ties, and the urgency of securing ars, and government officials an threats the country may face; she international partners to combat opportunity to address progress emphasized the vast resources of terrorism. But the panels also in the struggle against terrorism Al Qaeda’s network and the evi- revealed differences when the and to identify future challenges dence of planning and weapons discussion moved to specifics. facing the United States. procurement by terrorists. The panel on law enforcement In his keynote address, Robert The conference featured four and civil liberties, for instance, Gates, president of Texas A&M panels of experts who discussed was marked by disagreement on University and former director of the effectiveness of the Patriot the Central Intelligence Agency, Act—passed to deter and punish said today’s stateless, loosely- “While our war on terrorism terrorist acts in the United States organized terrorist organizations and the world—in combating ter- represent an especially insidious began on September 11th, 2001, rorism. threat, particularly when com- Osama bin Laden and his net- Several panelists criticized the bined with the possibility that they Bush administration’s approach might deploy weapons of mass work … have been at war with to the war on terrorism as unnec- destruction against the United essary or even counterproductive, States. This intensified threat us for over a decade; we just had but they also offered suggestions places an extremely high premi- for the future, and agreed any not been hit hard enough or close um on accurate and timely intel- approach must combine military, ligence. While much progress has enough to home to realize that intelligence, foreign aid, and dip- been achieved in improving the lomatic initiatives. John Dinger, capabilities of the CIA, Gates said, others had declared war on us deputy coordinator for terrorism much more work must be done. at the U.S. Department of State, Houston Mayor Bill White dis- and had the ability to hurt us.” said, “Much of our counterterror- cussed the specific vulnerability of ism effort must focus on building Houston and the general threat – Robert Gates the will and the skill of foreign that terrorism poses to metro- governments to fight terrorism.” politan areas in his welcoming the following topics: first, the The conference represents remarks. White also stressed the role of state and local govern- part of the institute’s long-term importance of avoiding compla- ment in combating terrorism; commitment to raising public cency as the attacks of September second, law enforcement and civil awareness of the challenges repre- 11 recede into the past. What we liberties; third, progress in the sented by international terrorism. need, White suggested, is a better international war on terrorism; It was made possible through the definition of “victory” in a per- and fourth, preventive war and generosity of the Honorable and petual war. He also urged that the the war in Iraq. There was broad Mrs. Hushang Ansary. United States do more to share agreement on general principles, the burden of the international such as the imperative of closer

11 A Celebration of the 75th Birthday of James A. Baker, III, Benefiting the Baker Institute

Senator Lloyd Bentsen, Beryl Ann Bentsen, James A. Baker, III Jim Crownover, David Leebron, Edward Djerejian

Kelly Day, Meredith Long, Barbara Bush Mary Bonner Baker (center) with Baker family Wally Wilson, Isabel Wilson

Mica Mosbacher, Bob Mosbacher Charles Duncan, Anne Duncan, Susan Baker Alfredo Brener, Celina Brener

12 A Celebration of the 75th Birthday of James A. Baker, III, Benefiting the Baker Institute

On April 28, 2005, the Baker Institute celebrated the 75th birthday of its Honorary Chair, Secretary James A. Baker, III. The event, “Happy Birthday, Mr. Secretary,” raised more than $4.5 million to support ongoing public policy research at the institute. Tributes to Secretary Baker were given by President George H.W. Bush, Ambassador Edward P. Djerejian, longtime friend and Event Chair Mrs. Ford Hubbard, Jr., and members of the Baker family. Major supporters of the event included Mr. and Mrs. Wallace S. Wilson, Dr. Jim Crownover, David Leebron, Edward Djerejian Susan Baker, James A. Baker, III, George H.W. Bush Nasser I. Al-Rashid, the Honorable Hushang Ansary and Mrs. Ansary, and the Honorable George L. Argyros and Mrs. Argyros. Other sponsors included Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Day, Mr. and Mrs. Tilman J. Fertitta, Mr. and Mrs. Donald M. Kendall, and Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Mosbacher, Sr. The “$7.5 Million for the 75th” fund- raising campaign continues through December 2005.

Wally Wilson, Isabel Wilson Patty Hubbard, Event Chair

Alfredo Brener, Celina Brener Françoise Djerejian, Trip Casscells Bill Barnett, Burt McMurtry

13 Counterterrorism Seminar Provides Training for Port of Houston Safety Community

About 200 members of the organizations. The Houston- of the Houston-Harris County Port of Houston public safety Galveston Area Maritime Security Regional Homeland Security community spent two days at Committee, a collaborative securi- Advisory Council, stressed the the Baker Institute to receive ty planning group, organized the critical need for teamwork to safe- training on terrorism preven- seminar and invited experienced guard the port. tion, response, and post-incident international, federal, state, and The seminar was sponsored issues, as well as an overview local officials who are familiar by the Baker Institute. Other of new regulations under the with the waterways and/or terror- sponsors of the seminar includ- Maritime Transportation Security ist threats to share their expertise. ed: the U.S. Coast Guard, the Act. “As the September 11 and USS U.S. Attorney for the Southern The “Maritime Awareness, Cole attacks taught us, ports are District of Texas, the Port of Security, and Terrorism Training” both vulnerable to direct attacks Houston Authority, the Federal seminar, held May 31-June 1, and utilized as a key component Bureau of Investigation, the 2005, was designed for security in the movement of people and Houston Department of Health managers and officers of pub- materials to support terrorist and Human Services, Harris lic and private facilities along and criminal activities,” said Joan County Hazmat Response, the Houston’s ship channel, as well Neuhaus, fellow in counter ter- U.S. Department of Homeland as for health, safety, law enforce- rorism at the institute. Neuhaus, Security, and the Texas Motor ment, and private industry who is also executive director Transportation Association.

Larry Sabato Forecasts 2008 Presidential Elections

The 2008 U.S. presidential would win, in part, based on his- In the 2004 elections, vot- elections are likely to be won by toric precedent: when the same ers in the key swing states of the Republicans and decided in party has held the presidency for the Midwest—Ohio, Michigan, the key midwestern states that two terms, that party has been Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri, delivered the narrow victory for reelected to a third term 61 per- and Iowa—used what Sabato President George W. Bush in cent of the time. called “hot-button social issues” 2004, predicted Larry Sabato, In order for the Republicans to voice their opinions. They founder and director of the to keep the presidency, Bush generally opposed gay marriage University of Virginia’s Center for must “be successful,” and their and abortion and supported gun Politics. candidate must be a credible, control, and they used their votes Sabato spoke at the Baker mainstream conservative, he to register their discontent with Institute April 21, 2005, and said. For the Democrats to win, the country’s dominant politi- was introduced by former Texas they would have to nominate a cal and cultural centers: New Lieutenant Governor William moderate from a Republican or York, Washington, D.C., and Los Hobby as “the best-known politi- so-called “red state” and change Angeles. cal scientist in the country.” the party image from “blue-elite Sabato argued the Republicans to down-home.”

14 John Podesta Calls for New Research and Increased Spending on Energy

The United States needs to the federal government and development had dropped by 60 reevaluate its policies regard- the private sector to reverse the percent since 1978; funding for ing energy research, develop- decline in investment in energy energy research and development ment, and deployment in order research and development. in all sectors totals only $1.7 bil- to guard against the harmful While the United States only lion annually, compared to the political and environmental accounts for 4 percent of the National Institutes of Health’s repercussions associated with its world’s population, it accounts annual budget of $28.7 billion. dependence on fossil fuels, said for 25 percent of the world’s car- Meanwhile, he said, private sec- John Podesta, president and chief bon dioxide emissions, one-third tor investment in energy research executive officer of the Center of which comes from vehicles, and development has declined by for American Progress, a non- Podesta said. He warned that 50 percent since 1990 to $2 bil- partisan research and education unless the United States reduces lion annually. institute in Washington, D.C. its carbon dioxide emissions, Podesta criticized President Podesta, who was formerly Bush’s latest budget for reduc- President William J. Clinton’s ing both the U.S. Department of chief of staff, delivered a lec- “I’m optimistic about the Energy’s Office of Science budget ture titled, “Failure is Not an by 4.5 percent and its funding of Option: Science, Technology, and potential of advances in renewable energy initiatives by America’s Future,” April 18, 2005, 7 percent. Instead, it increased at the Baker Institute. science and technology, but spending on hydrogen technol- America’s dependence on ogy research—a technology with fossil fuels is both a scientific we do have to take a hard challenges Podesta called “daunt- concern, because of the poten- ing.” tial for increased risks of global look at the current politics Commenting on Podesta’s warming, and a national security lecture, Neal Lane, senior fel- concern, given U.S. dependence of energy research, develop- low in science and technology, on imported oil from countries said, “Energy is the number whose ability to deliver is uncer- ment, and deployment,” one problem for the world and tain, either because of political the nation.” Lane, who is also volatility or unstable regimes, Podesta said. the Malcolm Gillis University Podesta said. Professor at Rice University, To mitigate America’s depen- added, “Future energy short- which totaled 1.9 billion tons dence on oil, Podesta has called ages—and related environmental in 2003, the country’s average on the Bush administration and security impacts—threaten temperatures could increase, trig- to provide funding to develop our nation in ways we have only gering rising sea levels and more alternative fuels and to boost begun to experience in a trou- frequent and severe storms and tax incentives to develop hybrid bled post-9/11 world…. This is droughts. cars. He noted that ethanol, an a time when the United States Podesta called for increased alternative fuel with economic should be doubling or tripling its funding for energy research, and environmental merits, can be investment in energy (research development, demonstration, produced using advances in bio- and development) rather than and early deployment. He said technology to process corn stalks cutting back.” federal funding for research and and wheat straw. He also urged

15 Energy Task Force Meets to Create Roadmap for a New Century

The Baker Institute has recon- sented, there have been significant important roles of emerging play- vened its energy task force under political, economic, and envi- ers—including China and Russia— a new framework: Strategic Energy ronmental developments in the in the energy sector. Policy: Roadmap for a New energy arena. The bipartisan task force has Century. Its task is to recommend The 2005 task force held a been meeting to develop the for- a plan of action to meet the ener- meeting in Washington, D.C., in mal report. It was organized by the gy challenges facing our nation December 2004 to examine these institute in conjunction with the in the 21st century. The goal of developments, which include Council on Foreign Relations, and this 2005 task force is to update the following: September 11 and is comprised of prominent energy the findings from its 2000 report its aftermath, which highlighted experts, industry leaders, policy- and issue new recommendations energy security issues related to makers, media, scholars, and non- on U.S. objectives for energy secu- energy infrastructure and U.S. governmental organizations. The rity—including sustainable policies dependence on the Middle East; task force’s chairman is Edward that will promote the global envi- polarization on energy and envi- Morse, a widely-recognized author- ronment. ronmental factors; Iraq policy, ity on energy. The project’s direc- Since the initial task force, including the effect of the deterio- tor is Amy Myers Jaffe, Wallace S. Strategic Energy Policy: Challenges ration of its oil infrastructure and Wilson fellow in energy studies. for the 21st Century, was convened the potential for future foreign in 2000 and its report was pre- investment; and the increasingly

Gender, Development, and Energy

Limited access to modern program at the institute, “Gender, commercial electricity,” McDade energy has a strong link to poverty Energy, & Society,” and is intended said. But she said the development and disproportionately impacts to spotlight issues relating to gen- community is mistaken in empha- the lives of women in rural com- der, poverty, and economic devel- sizing low-level electricity provision munities, said Susan McDade, opment in international energy while largely overlooking the need manager of the Sustainable Energy policy debates. for more heating fuel and more Programme at the United Nations Ms. McDade, a development high-load electricity for mechaniza- Development Programme (UNDP), economist, called for “pro-women tion. in a March 31, 2005, presentation. energy policies” to overcome the Since most societies in develop- The lecture, which was co- impact of harmful energy shortages ing countries place the responsi- hosted by the Baker Institute on women in developing countries, bility for fuel gathering and food Energy Forum, the Rice University and she presented findings from preparation on women, they spend Program for the Study of Women UNDP’s report, “Gender & Energy significant time on such tasks, and Gender, and the Shell Center for Sustainable Development: A resulting in exposure to harm- for Sustainability, launched a Toolkit and Resource Guide.” ful indoor air pollution and little new lecture series, “Gender, Between 2 to 2.4 billion people schooling, which leads to illiteracy Development, and Energy.” The cook with “traditional fuel” and 2 and limited economic opportunity lecture series is part of a broader billion people “have no access to for women, McDade said.

16 The Exploration of Mars and the Search for Life

The Baker Institute and Rice ture of the gases present on Mars. meteorite analysis. The Mars Global University’s Space Institute spon- Of the 35 meteorites that have Surveyor, the Mars Odyssey, and the sored a May 11, 2005, presenta- been collected in the Antarctic European Space Agency’s Mars tion of great scientific and public and brought to the Johnson Space Express Spacecraft, in addition to interest: the search for life being Center in Houston, 22 have been the two rovers, were, at the time of pursued by the five spacecraft that, verified as Mars meteorites. the presentation, all present on or at the time, were orbiting or on McKay and Gibson’s analysis has around Mars and providing valu- the surface of the planet Mars. shown that the meteorite analyzed able scientific data. The spectacular This was augmented by description to support their findings presented photographs and data they showed of the investigations and analysis of in 1996 has characteristics that from the orbital spacecraft and the meteorites from Mars recovered in were potentially the result of both rovers revealed the significant and the Antarctic. microbial activity and water. unique canyons and volcanos of The presentation was made by “Following our human flights the “Red Planet.” David McKay and Everett Gibson, to the Moon, Mars represents the Also presented was a sum- two of the National Aeronautic next natural goal for human explo- mary of future U.S. and European and Space Administration’s lead- ration,” said George Abbey, Baker planned robotic activity, potentially ing planetary scientists. They were Botts senior fellow in space policy. leading the way for the possible both members of the team that “The challenge of human missions human exploration of Mars. The in 1996 presented the investiga- to Mars offers the many benefits benefits of conducting these future tive results that made the case that were gained from the Apollo missions with international coop- that life indeed had existed on missions in advancements in tech- eration were emphasized by both Mars—investigations President Bill nology and subsequent benefits speakers. The European Mars Express Clinton called “stunning.” here on Earth.” Spacecraft, launched by Russia, is The Rosetta Stone, the meteor- Photographs acquired by the providing very valuable data, and ite that supported their findings two rovers on the surface of Mars, Europe and Russia have plans for in 1996, was formed on Mars 4.5 Spirit and Opportunity, and data even more extensive cooperative billion years ago. It was blasted from their instruments were also missions in the future. off from the surface of Mars by presented in support of their an impact. It orbited the Sun for 16 million years before being cap- tured by the Earth’s gravity and entering the Earth’s atmosphere to “These missions will also allow us to better our understand- land in the Antarctic. Meteorites are found in other locations on ing of the formation of the Earth, its atmosphere and oceans, the Earth than the Antarctic, but those found in the Antarctic, due and the physical and chemical conditions that led to the to its environment, are the most origin and evolution of life. They will allow us to learn more pristine. Through the analysis of trapped gas in the meteorite and about the origin and history of the planets, and why Mars through oxygen isotope analysis, it can be determined if a meteorite and the Earth turned out so differently.” came from Mars. Instruments on the Viking spacecraft that landed – George Abbey on Mars in 1976 provided a signa-

17 New BIPP Fellows Baker Institute Student Forum

Yair Hirschfeld, PhD The Baker Institute Student event titled, “Mock U.S. Senate Isaac and Mildred Brochstein Forum organized and hosted Hearing: Nanotechnology in Fellow in Middle East several events during the winter Medicine,” held February 28. Peace and Security in and spring of 2005. The group’s The hearing had two purposes: Honor of Yitzhak Rabin mission is to stimulate thoughtful to enable the students to simu- discussion among Rice University late and participate in a congres- Yair Hirschfeld is the students on critical national or sional hearing, and to discuss Brochstein Fellow in Middle East Peace and international policy issues under the topic of nanotechnology in Security. He serves as the auspices of the institute. medicine. Acting “Senator” Neal director general of the “They have been a catalyst Lane, senior fellow in science Economic Cooperation for student involvement,” said and technology, delivered the Foundation in Tel Aviv. Director Edward P. Djerejian, opening remarks. He has played an active who recognized the students The student forum held an role in Israeli-Palestinian before the forum’s April 18 awards dinner May 12. Several contacts and negotiations. Hirschfeld is professor lecture and dinner with John papers researched and written of Middle East history at Podesta. by the students were recognized. Haifa University and an During the student forum The topics included state cam- expert in international event, “American Politics, Texas paign finance laws, the energy relations and conflict reso- Style: the Influence of Texas in sector in Bolivia and Brazil, and lution. He has published American Politics,” held January participatory processes in health books and articles on the 25, students moderated a panel policy. Israeli-Arab peace process and Iran’s foreign policy. discussion of notable Texas journalists and writers. The student forum also orga- Yossi Yakhin, PhD nized and participated in an Will Clayton Fellow in International Economics

Yossi Yakhin is the Clayton Fellow in International Economics. Yakhin recently received his PhD from the University of California, Los Angeles. His primary research areas include international mac- roeconomics and finance, business cycles, and struc- ture of financial markets. Yakhin was born near Tel Aviv.

Members of the Baker Institute Student Forum with John Podesta, Rice Provost Eugene Levy, and Ambassador Edward P. Djerejian at a special dinner following Podesta’s lecture.

18 Commission continued from page 1 resolving issues of ballot access and ballot integrity. The commission is examining the state of the electoral process in the United States, and it will offer recommendations on how to improve it. It planned to meet privately at the end of August at the Carter Center in Atlanta and release its final report September 19. Organized by American University’s Center for Democracy and Election Management and co-sponsored James A. Baker, III, Jimmy Carter, and Edward P. Djerejian meet before the Commission hearings. by the Baker Institute, the commission of 21 members is both those who are more interested and participation included: Ken bipartisan and nonpartisan. in discussing the issue of ballot Smukler, president, InfoVoter At a press conference follow- integrity and those who are more Technologies; Michael Alvarez, ing the meeting, Carter said the interested in the issue of ballot professor, California Institute of commission members might not access. He said a key problem is Technology; Paula Hawthorn, have agreed on everything, but the lack of voter-registration data- independent database consul- they were able to discuss some bases that are interoperable, one tant; and Robert Stein, dean, generic questions and how to with the other, between states. School of Social Sciences, Rice address them. Another problem is the lack of an University. Testimony on the “First of all, is [the question adequate system to insure proper topic of voter technology was of] how to have maximum voter voter identification. given by Dan Wallach, associ- registration and participation “If we are successful at arriv- ate professor, Rice University, without fraud,” Carter said. ing at a consensus for a way in and Beverly Kaufman, county “Another thing is, how do you which the states can have voter- clerk, Harris County, Texas. The make sure that when people do registration databases that … are third panel discussed issues of vote they have confidence in the interoperable, and information election management and elec- procedure, and if there are seri- can be exchanged one with the tion reform. The witnesses were: ous questions, that procedure other; and if we are able to, in Donald Simon, attorney, Sonosky, can be checked for accuracy and connection with that, come up Chambers, Sachse, Endreson and integrity. And the other thing is, with a voter-identification proce- Perry; Louis Massicotte, profes- how do you do this on a biparti- dure that will improve the confi- sor, University of Montreal; and san basis so that the political par- dence of the voter in our election Norman Ornstein, resident schol- ties, and the Congress, and the system, that will go a long way ar, American Enterprise Institute president, and the general public towards eliminating this debate, for Public Policy Research. all agree, in general, on what we which I think has become a ster- should do.” ile debate.” Baker addressed the politi- Witnesses on the topic of cally divisive debate between voter registration, identification,

19 Amy Myers Jaffe, Wallace S. Jum’ah also sought to address Jum’ah Wilson fellow in energy studies the concerns over U.S. reliance continued from page 1 and associate director of Rice on Saudi oil and the reliability of In discussing the 70-year University’s energy program, that supply. He said the strongest partnership between the United noted that Jum’ah’s comments guarantee of America’s energy States and Saudi Arabia, Jum’ah represented an important politi- future “lies in Saudi Arabia’s sought to dispel concerns as to cal pronouncement. unmatched reserve base and whether the world’s largest “swing “Saudi Arabia has been subject Saudi Aramco’s extensive petro- supplier” would be able to meet to a lot of criticism about the leum production, processing, and future, projected energy deficits. management of its fields, and Mr. distribution infrastructure.” “Can Saudi Arabia and Saudi Jum’ah appears to be conscien- Speaking broadly about the Aramco step up and deliver?” tious in responding with con- U.S.-Saudi economic partner- Jum’ah asked rhetorically. He certed steps that Saudi Aramco ship, Jum’ah called on American called that “a question I can easily will take to address the availability companies to play a major role answer with an emphatic ‘Yes.’” of reserves in the kingdom,” Jaffe in the country’s ongoing expan- The dramatic rise in oil prices said. “What will be critical down sion, including an estimated $700 over the last several years has the road will be the timing of the billion in infrastructure devel- renewed the focus on interna- delivery of new production and opment investments, including tional oil markets and on the new reserves. The challenge that water desalinization and telecom- ability of national oil companies, Aramco faces is to have this pro- munications projects, as well as Saudi Aramco in particular, to duction and reserves available at workforce development training. generate the huge amount of the time the market will require investment—several trillion dol- them.” lars over the next 20 years—that will be necessary to meet growing global demand for oil and gas. Citing both its own and U.S. Department of Energy estimates, Jum’ah suggested that Saudi Aramco ultimately would be able to raise its production capacity to more than 23 million barrels per day in 2025, up from 11 million barrels per day in 1994, to meet growing demand in the United States and elsewhere. Toward that end, Saudi Aramco has launched an “aggres- sive exploration program” in previously unexplored areas to transform probable reserves into proven reserves. “The kingdom is uniquely positioned because of its reserves and its resources to consider raising its production by Abdallah S. Jum’ah, CEO of Saudi Aramco, gives the inaugural presentation of the Baker Institute Energy such a margin,” Jum’ah said. Forum’s new research program on the role of national oil companies in international energy markets.

20 Ethics, Policy, and Society Lecture Series

The Rice University Lecture Compromises.” The Lecture Series, co- Series on Ethics, Politics, and Buchanan, professor of phi- sponsored by the Department Society hosted two distinguished losophy and public policy in of Humanities and the Baker speakers: Avishai Margalit and the Sanford Institute at Duke Institute, provides a rare oppor- Allen Buchanan. University, has had a distin- tunity to explore with some of Margalit, the Schulman guished career in bioethics as academia’s brightest and most Professor of Philosophy at well as political philosophy and stimulating minds many of our Hebrew University, is a wide- philosophy of international rela- deepest, moral, political, and ranging philosopher and pub- tions. His March 17, 2005, lec- social dilemmas. lic intellectual. He delivered ture was titled “The Dangers of a lecture November 18, 2004, Nation-Building: Iraq as a Case titled “Compromises and Rotten Study.”

Mahmoud Abbas, and by Secretary the Middle East, including political Moussa of State Condoleezza Rice’s trips to and economic reforms, democracy continued from page 10 the Middle East. promotion, and an independent, actively engaged, evidenced by the Djerejian stressed that the elected Iraqi government. president’s meetings with Israeli United States must also play an Prime Minister Ariel Sharon and active role dealing concomitantly Palestinian Authority President with all other critical issues facing

tive and/or therapeutic cloning. pany’s ongoing efforts to develop Stem Cells By contrast, in the United and commercialize cell-based continued from page 6 Kingdom, embryonic stem cell therapeutics using its human presentation on the state of the research and therapeutic clon- embryonic stem cell technology. industry and on multiple aspects ing are permitted. In 1991, Geron is now generating master of a complicated and controver- a public agency, the Human cell banks of two stem cell lines sial subject. Fertilisation and Embryology that it has derived, and Okarma The religious and ethical con- Authority (HFEA), was created to said he was optimistic that a cell troversy over using embryonic grant licenses for research using type would enter clinics in 2006. stem cells in reproductive clon- surplus human embryos from in The conference was organized ing prompted President George vitro fertilization and embryos by Lane and Kirstin Matthews, W. Bush to establish a policy that created for research by fertiliza- postdoctoral research associate, limits federal funding of research tion or therapeutic cloning. and sponsored in part by a grant on human embryonic stem cells Private U.S. companies such as from the Richard Lounsbery to the use of stem cells derived Geron Corp. have more freedom Foundation. on or before August 9, 2001. because Bush’s policy does not Some states have placed their address stem cell research under- own restrictions on embryonic way with private and other non- stem cell research and have estab- federal funds. Thomas Okarma, lished prohibitions on reproduc- Geron’s president and chief executive officer, discussed his com-

21 Image-Making: Culture and Photography in the Arab World In conjunction with the Houston presentation of “NAZAR, Photographs from the Arab World” (presented by FotoFest in Houston and originated by Noorderlicht Photofestival, The Netherlands), the Baker Institute and FotoFest co-sponsored the forum, “Image Making: Culture and Photography in the Arab World,” May 3, 2005. In addition to viewing a small exhibit on loan from FotoFest, guests heard from two prominent artists involved with the project, Michket Krifa and Issa Touma. Touma’s photograph, above, courtesy of the Le Pont Gallery, was taken in Aleppo and used as the symbol for the Aleppo photo festival last year. It shows the satellites that have long been the only connection for photographers and much of the public in the Middle East to the rest of the world.

One of the Roadmap to ultimately the parties, and Djerejian chaired Roadmap final status negotiations is very post-disengagement working ses- continued from page 4 encouraging,” stated Djerejian dur- sions in the region at the end of outlined in the Roadmap. ing a keynote address at an event August. “The fact that both the Israeli sponsored by Rice’s Boniuk Center The full report, including the and Palestinian leaders have for the Study and Advancement of names of participants, is posted on expressed a willingness to imple- Religious Tolerance in April. The the institute’s website, http:// ment their obligations under Phase institute is continuing its work with bakerinstitute.org.

experts on the prospects for large consumer countries in Asia Asia Trip democracy in the Middle East and and warning that bilateral invest- continued from page 5 its impact on the future supply of ment deals with individual oil The delegation then traveled oil. It was attended by more than producing countries will not be an to Japan for a major conference 500 Japanese government officials effective strategy to ensure the flow on “Recent Developments in and industry leaders. of oil around the world. The South the Middle East and Future Oil Finally, the institute also partici- Korea visit was hosted by Korean Supply.” The conference was jointly pated in programs in Seoul, South Parliament member Su Chan Chae, sponsored by the Baker Institute Korea, organized by the Uri Party who was formerly a professor of and the Japan Petroleum Energy and the Korea Energy Economics economics at Rice. Results from the Center and the Institute of Energy Institute (KEEI). Djerejian gave a institute’s modeling of the world Economics of Japan. The confer- keynote speech on oil geopolitics, natural gas market were also pre- ence included a panel discussion emphasizing the importance of sented. with Baker Institute and Japanese multinational cooperation among

22 Baker Institute Fellows and Scholars

Edward P. Djerejian Yair Hirschfeld, PhD Joan T. Neuhaus Founding Director Isaac and Mildred Brochstein Fellow in Counter Terrorism Janice and Robert McNair Fellow in Middle East Peace Director and Security in Honor of Peter Pedroni, PhD Edward A. and Hermena Yitzhak Rabin Will Clayton Scholar in Hancock Kelly University International Economics Chair for Senior Scholars Vivian Ho, PhD Fellow in Health Economics Yossi Yakhin, PhD Allen Matusow, PhD Will Clayton Fellow in Associate Director for Amy Myers Jaffe International Economics Academic Programs Wallace S. Wilson Fellow in Energy Studies George Abbey Baker Botts Senior Fellow in Neal Lane, PhD Space Policy Senior Fellow in Science and Technology Joe Barnes Bonner Means Baker Fellow Steven W. Lewis, PhD Fellow in Asian Studies Erika de la Garza Jesse Jones Leadership Center Americas Project Coordinator Summer Intern Program Coordinator John W. Diamond, PhD Edward A. and Hermena William Martin, PhD Hancock Kelly Fellow in Tax Harry and Hazel Chavanne Policy Senior Fellow in Religion and Public Policy Mamoun Fandy, PhD Diana Tamari Sabbagh Fellow Kenneth Medlock III, PhD in Middle Eastern Studies Fellow in Energy Studies

Houston Forum Honors Baker Institute

The Houston Forum, a prominent community platform for the exchange of ideas, honored James A. Baker, III, the 61st Secretary of State, and the Baker Institute at a luncheon presentation in downtown Houston March 3, 2005. The Forum presented its Woodson Medal for Outstanding Leadership & Service to Baker in honor of his public service to the United States and to the world community. The institute simultaneously received the medal, honoring the recognition it brings to Houston by fostering the free exchange of ideas. Director Edward P. Djerejian accepted the medal on behalf of the institute. Past recipients of the medal include: Charles Duncan, Robert Mosbacher, and Lynn Wyatt. The Forum is a nonprofit, nonpartisan educational organization.

23 New Publications Baker Institute Report

“Stem Cells: Saving Lives or “Energy and Nanotechnology: Editor - Hillary Durgin Harmon Crossing Lines” Strategy for the Future” Graphic Design - Sonja Dimitrijevich Baker Institute Study 31 Baker Institute Study 30 August 2005 April 2005 Photographers - Tommy LaVergne, Baker Institute Science & Baker Institute Energy Forum Jeff Fitlow, Katy Anderson, Kim Technology Program Coffman, Phyllis Hand “The Geopolitics of Natural Gas” “The Future of Energy Baker Institute Study 29 2005 by the Baker Institute for Security and Energy Policy in March 2005 Public Policy of Rice University. Northeast Asia: Cooperation Baker Institute Energy Forum This material may be quoted or repro- Among China, Japan, and the duced without prior permission, pro- United States” “Americas Project 2004 Report—Civil vided appropriate credit is given. For Conference Report Society in the Americas: The further information about the Baker Institute, please visit our website at June 2005 Missing Link Between the Private http://bakerinstitute.org. Steven W. Lewis, PhD (Baker and Public Sectors” For further inquiries and address Institute/Rice University) Baker Institute Study 27 changes, we may be reached by phone, March 2005 713-348-4683; fax, 713-348-5993; or e- “Regional Income Divergence in The Americas Project (Baker mail, [email protected]. China” Institute/Rice University) Faculty Study The Baker Institute Report is June 2005 To download the complete text of printed on recycled paper Peter Pedroni, PhD (Baker these publications and others, please with funds provided by Institute/Rice University) and visit our website at http://bakerinsti- The Cullen Foundation Publication James Yudong Yao (IMF) tute.org and look under Publications. Endowment.

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