VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND

Outline

§ Benefits from using § Using Linux in • Multimedia • Broadband router • Network storage Linux in home networks § Example system for DVB streaming § Possible future applications • all•in•one solution § Conclusions 23.10.2008 § Links

Sami Ruponen

23.10.2008 Sami Ruponen

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Benefits from using Linux Benefits from using Linux (continued)

§ Linux can be used everywhere (almost) § Communities • scales from wrist watches to super computers • lots of developers and experts worldwide • portability • help and tips • wide peripheral support, even for older ones • everyone can participate in development § Free software q programmers • development tools q translators q … • no/low costs or license fees § Experienced users can easily § Development • add functionalities • use of existing solutions (don’t invent the wheel again!) • modify for own needs • continuity

q regardless of manufacturer support

q future support

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Linux•based set•top box Linux in multimedia use

§ Lot of improvement in recent years § Linux based § Almost equal or even better compared to Windows•world • officially user•upgradeable and modifiable § Things that slow down the development or restrict usage § Real digital TV set•top box • DRM • Linux doesn’t show up to a regular user

q in CD, DVD, Blu•ray Disc ... • not a Home Theatre PC

Dream Multimedia GmbH q e.g. CSS, AACS, HDCP … • set•top box like interface • closed source softwares and drivers • with and USB interfaces and an optional HDD

q not always bad thing, but what about the future? q NAS (Network Attached Storage) system can be used instead of § Compatibility between (consumer) devices is important internal HDD • various consortiums exist –even open ones § Benefits from Linux and Ethernet interface

q DLNA • Digital Living Network Alliance • enables use of PC•like applications

q UPnP Forum –Universal Plug and Play q ssh•terminal, file server, web browser, e•mail client, etc.

q lots of others • web•based control

q program guides

q scheduled recordings

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Linux•based set•top box Linux•based broadband router Dreambox WRT54GL

§ What’s under the hood § Hardware info • Linux (2.6 series kernel) with shell access • 200 MHz Broadcom 5352 (MIPS32) • closed source kernel modules for low•level access to hardware • 16MB RAM, 4MB Flash • graphical user interface on top of Linux • 10/100Mpbs Ethernet (4x LAN, 1x WAN)

q Enigma2 (Gemini2, Nemesis) ... • 802.11b/g 54Mbps for wireless LAN

o C++ for low•level stuff • ships with modified Linux www.linksys.com o Python for higher•level e.g. user interface, menu etc. § What user can do § Alternative open source • download upgrades from network • OpenWRT, DD•WRT • install plugins and additional softwares • install plugins and additional softwares • enables features not found in other • manage the box through shell interface consumer devices • execute regular Linux programs • even compile and install own firmware image

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Linux•based broadband router Linux•based Network Attached Storage Linksys WRT54GL Linksys NSLU2

§ Benefits § Hardware info • possibility to run various servers and applications • 266 MHz XScale IXP420 (ARM)

q web server, radius server for authentication ... • 32MB RAM, 8MB Flash q SIP proxy • 2x USB 2.0 q firewall with content filtering • 10/100Mpbs Ethernet o caching proxy server to speed up slow connection • ships with modified Linux o application•level gateway (ALG) to support applications with separate data and control channel • build your own business using open source software § History q OpenWRT•based software • originally run modified Linux

o OpenSpark, FON q Linksys was required to release source codes § Other manufacturers have similar devices • communities started developing own firmware

• can be used with same open source firmwares q NSLU2•Linux project • check list of supported devices from projects' web pages q alternate firmware images and operating systems q hardware modification ( etc.)

23.10.2008 Sami Ruponen 23.10.2008 Sami Ruponen

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Linux•based Network Attached Storage Example system for DVB streaming Linksys NSLU2

§ Ability to run an unrestricted Linux OS § Building a test system • with some memory restrictions • as a proof of concept • wide range of applications besides NAS • interesting subject q web server § Only few components tested q mail server § Built using common PCs q multimedia stream server § Open software used q VoIP server • VLC (a stream server and client) • some DVB utilities for Linux (tuner interaction) § Similar devices from various manufacturers • Iomega StorCentre devices

q Open Protium project • check list of supported devices from projects' web pages

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Example system for DVB streaming Example system for DVB streaming Key components ADSL / Cable modem Wireless Ethernet Broadband Wireless modem § DVB streamer access point switch router native Ethernet • Linux + VLC (as server) • one tuner per DVB mux

q commercial encrypted channels ??? Internet • one multicast IP address per channel • several possibilities to transport the stream

DVB q MPEG•TS over UDP/IP

streamer q RTP over UDP/IP • use SAP and SDP to advertise channels • minimal processing power needed

Wireless q decapsulate streams from MPEG Transport Stream

clients q no decoding of audio or video Mobile phone

Media Desktop Set•top box server computer + TV

23.10.2008 Sami Ruponen 23.10.2008 Sami Ruponen

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Example system for DVB streaming Example system for DVB streaming Key components Key components

§ § Ethernet switch • scheduled recording/storage of TV programs • combined bit rate of channels per DVB MUX ~20Mbit/s

• re•encode saved programs q thousands of multicast packets per second

q to save storage space • broadcast traffic throughout LAN (unnecessary)

q to play in hand•held devices q chokes wireless links

q real•time, on demand or idle time q chokes 10Mbps Ethernet (even 100Mbps in case of multiple MUXs)

• stream media over Internet q every host has to process regardless of interest

q real•time streaming of selected channel • intelligent switch needed

q saved media q only send a stream to a port with client listening

• file server for q multicast and “IGMP snooping”support needed

q documents q exists only in few consumer products

q what ever files • streams can/should be prioritised over other traffic

• Linux + VLC (as client and server) q Ethernet priority tagging

q also web server, smb/nfs server, etc. q IP DiffServ

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Example system for DVB streaming Example system for DVB streaming pros cons

§ Software and hardware parts are easily available § Power consumption Can be solved with more § Devices assembled from standard parts § Heat dissipation and noise specialised hardware e.g. • good availability § Space requirements embedded devices • low cost § Integration of pieces needed • good Linux support • increase compatibility § Everything (almost) can be built on top of Linux • more user•friendly interface • free software • ease of development § Support from Internet • help from forums • tips and examples

23.10.2008 Sami Ruponen 23.10.2008 Sami Ruponen

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All•in•one solution? Conclusions

§ How about putting it all together § Linux can be used everywhere • An embedded•like system • hardware and software exists

q small size, low noise, heat dissipation, power consumption • Powerful user interface § Important issues for future development and usage • Could be used for • software integration q network storage • user•friendly interface q broadband router for

o wire line access (Ethernet, ADSL)

o wireless access (Wi•Fi, 3G/HSPA, Flash•OFDM, WiMAX) § Open issues / problems

q advanced firewall • DRM q Wi•Fi access point, Ethernet switch • closed source software and drivers q surveillance, home automation • software patents q general•purpose server

o web, e•mail, file, backup, streaming, printing, VoIP, gaming etc.

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Links

§ Router § Embedded Linux • http://openwrt.org/ • http://elinux.org/ • http://www.dd•wrt.com/ • http://www.openembedded.org/ • https://open.sparknet.fi/ § NAS § Compatibility • http://www.nslu2•linux.org/ • http://www.dlna.org/ • http://www.openprotium.org/ • http://elinux.org/DLNA_Open_Source_Projects § DVB streaming • http://www.upnp.org/ THANK YOU • http://www.videolan.org/ • http://upnp.sourceforge.net/ • http:// www.linuxtv.org/ Sami Ruponen

§ Dreambox VTT / Networks • http://www.dream•multimedia•tv.de/index_eng.php [email protected] • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreambox • http://dreambox.wikidot.com/ (in Finnish)

23.10.2008 Sami Ruponen

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