annual REPORT OUR VISION Our vision for irrigation practice and water use in Australia is that by 2020, as a nation we will have: »» defined and implemented the principles of sustainable irrigation practice in all environments »» processes that resolve the water use compromises necessary for people’s needs, the environment, production and amenity.

OUR MISSION We facilitate cooperative research and training networks and programs which continuously improve irrigation policy, tools, practices and processes to: »» double irrigation water use productivity »» improve profitability for commercial irrigation enterprises and »» protect and enhance landscapes and the environment OUR VALUES »» Leadership »» Honesty and sensitivity »» Excellence »» Teamwork and collaboration »» Creativity and innovation »» Kool and funky »» Outcome focus CONTENTS

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 02 5 EDUCATION & TRAINING 26 1.1 Chairman’s report 02 6 RESEARCH COLLABORATIONS 35 1.2 CEO’s report 04 6.1 National collaborative linkages 35 2 CONTEXT & MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS 06 6.2 Collaboration with other CRCs 37

2.1 Context 06 6.3 International collaborative linkages 38 2.2 CRC IF contribution 07 7 COMMERCIALISATION & UTILISATION 39 7.1 Commercialisation and utilisation strategies 3 GOVERNANCE & MANAGEMENT 08 and activities 39 4 RESEARCH PROGRAMS 11 7.2 Intellectual Property management 39 4.1 Research activities and achievements 11 8 COMMUNICATIONS & MARKETING 44 4.1.1 Irrigation Toolkits to Improve Enterprise Performance 11 8.1 Events 44 4.1.1.1 Storage Dam Evaporation 13 8.2 Newsletter and Website 47 4.1.1.2 Tools For Irrigation Profiability 14 8.3 Media 47 and longevity 8.4 Public Presentations 47 4.1.1.3 Solute Signatures 15 9 PUBLICATIONS 48 4.1.1.4 South Eaast Queensland 16 9.1 Books or book chapters 48 Irrigation Futures 9.2 Refereed journal articles 48 4.1.2 System Harmonisation through Regional 9.3 Conference publications 50 Irrigation Business Partnerships 14 9.4 Reports 56 4.1.2.1 System Harmonisation Integration 19 and RIBPs 10 NATIONAL RESEARCH PRIORITIES 60 4.1.2.2 Water Cycle Management 21 11 PERFORMANCE MEASURES 62 4.1.2.3 Markets And Productivity 22 12 FINANCIAL INFORMATION 65 4.1.2.4 Social, Cultural, Institutional and 23 12.1 Auditors report 73 Policy Frameworks 13 GLOSSARY 75 4.1.2.5 North Australian Irrigation futures 25 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1 Chairman’s report

In this, the final year of the seven-year collaboration During the term of the CRC for Irrigation Futures we between participant organisations, it is most have seen increasingly severe pressures on natural instructive to reflect upon the initial intent, the resources, particularly arising from ongoing severe endeavour applied and results delivered under the drought and increased social and economic contract signed in 2003 between participants and pressures relating to access and allocation of scarce the Commonwealth Government. water supplies. The CRC IF has made significant progress in delivering human capacity, technical At that time, we declared our Mission as knowledge and tools, integrating processes and “---We facilitate cooperative research and training support for adaptive policy and practice and networks and programs which continuously improve specialist professional development programs to irrigation policy, tools, practices and processes to: address these critical issues. • double irrigation water use productivity • improve profitability for commercial irrigation The framework of the CRC IF valued and facilitated enterprises and collaborative effort which brought together a diverse • protect and enhance landscapes and the range of discipline skills and experience from its environment participant organisations. This enabled considerable interchange of experience, broadened opportunity We also stated that “Our vision for irrigation practice and generated novel techniques for researchers and and water use in Australia is that by 2020, as a nation industry participants to address complex technical, we will have: economic and social issues at the interface of • Defined and implemented the principles irrigation practice, water resource constraints of sustainable irrigation practice in all and environmental policy. Several of the projects environments undertaken applied such trans-disciplinary effort to • Processes that resolve the water use issues not normally responsive to more narrowly based compromises necessary for people’s needs, investigations especially where industry action was the environment, production and amenity.” dependent on the effective integration of knowledge and approaches from several diverse disciplines. Now, in 2010, it is very clear that such a mission and vision was well formulated and that our underlying Given the highly dispersed and relatively small R&D Research, Development, Education and Extension groupings of irrigation expertise, the CRC IF also activities broadly addressed and attained the provided considerable opportunity to develop defined targets. In fact, the ongoing need for such many much-needed postgraduates within a initiatives is well evidenced. collaborative framework, fitting its largely PhD graduates for working in trans-disciplinary teams likely to be demanded in the future. Despite setting a very ambitious target and enrolling some 63 post- graduate students, with a likely graduation of 51, many are already well placed within irrigation and related industries, there remains a significant deficit in the supply of graduates able to meet the needs of the irrigation dependent sector.

The CRC IF’s professional development program including the graduate training model, MasterClasses and other training programs have gone some way to establishing a successful model from which to take further action. Nevertheless, the conclusion of the term of the CRC IF leaves a very considerable gap in Australia’s capacity to recruit and develop human capacity in irrigation and water management. This is especially so where capacity is required to integrate diverse disciplines and knowledge within a regional or sectoral context.

So, a concluding perspective would suggest that Australia has quite some distance to go in consolidating effective approaches to RD&E for the irrigation dependent sector of the future. The key elements of any such strategy must include the development and retention of human capacity, integration and deployment of trans-disciplinary knowledge and processes and the ability to deliver a collaborative approach increasingly needed to address complex future issues. This is especially so where financial and institutional capacity is increasingly limited or diverted to other issues.

Future initiatives to meet the critical needs of the nationally significant irrigation dependent sectors –production, amenity and recreation-and the environment and water resources upon which they depend -should be well informed by the knowledge and reports, training, and experience of participant personnel, including its graduates and staff, of this CRC.

I thank member organisations of the CRC IF and the Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research (DIISR) for their support via cash and in-kind contribution, personnel and facilities over the course 3 of the CRC IF.

Finally, I thank and congratulate the many individuals delivering the impressive RD&E of the CRC IF, its executive management for the leadership and motivation applied to delivering against the objectives of the program and my fellow Board members for their experience and commitment to the ideals and effective governance of this initiative.

Peter Hayes Board Chair 2003-2010 1.2 CEO’s report We have had another successful year and I am pleased to say we have been able to exceed the expectations of our original Commonwealth Agreement. The research program hasn’t always ended up where we thought but then neither did Columbus and he is still seen as a great explorer! We have also had significant success in uptake of our technologies, concepts and people. I would like to tell you about just a couple of our successes in delivery as there have been many.

Firstly we identified an opportunity several years ago in assisting with the revamping of the irrigation areas in northern Victoria. The Victorian Government has allocated $1 billion to Stage 1 of the Northern Victoria Irrigation Renewal Project (NVIRP) and is currently negotiating the detail of a second $1 billion of investment from the Commonwealth Government. Northern Victoria is a gravity fed irrigation region dominated by surface irrigation for pasture and animal feed and our surface irrigation work had finally cracked the science and engineering of modelling these systems so farmers and advisers can do ‘what if I did this’ scenarios.

Through trial work in the region (funded by NVIRP) on the major soil types and pasture configurations we were able to provide a new perspective on the opportunities for on-farm efficiency gains in these areas. This is a great CRC outcome because it was only possible as a result of collaboration. The science has won international accolades, with Dr Malcolm Gillies awarded the 2009 WatSave Young Professionals Award for his PhD studies, it has been already been used in the development of policy and for large scale planning, and there will be real benefits for farmers as they begin using the tools extensively. A fantastic result.

In Western Sydney we have given rise to a new organisation tackling the science and knowledge development for peri-urban areas. WISER - Water and Irrigation Strategy Enhancement through Regional Partnership involving a number of stakeholders and agencies. Key partners are the Blacktown, Hawkesbury, Liverpool and Penrith Councils who all needed to understand both the problems and opportunities arising from the rapid urbanisation of Western Sydney.

We have successfully developed the first publicly available models of the complex hydrology of South Creek (the major catchment). This allows the Councils and other stakeholders to understand through scenario development the likely impacts on water supply and use resulting from the growing population, land use changes, the Metro Water strategy, and climate change. As well as the biophysical modelling In my opinion the future for integrated, collaborative we have been responsible for development of tools research into the pressing issues of irrigation in for use in policy and planning such as a formal this country is bleak. Supply side issues are being process for evaluating policy risks. Again a fantastic addressed through initiatives such as the Murray result. Darling Basin Plan, Sydney Metro Water Plan and a variety of studies around climate change. But here However it is with some reluctance that I come to lies the problem – none of these studies is going to say write my final CEO column for this Annual Report. I there is more water available for irrigation. hope you too feel a little sad about the end of an era. Sound a bit too grandiose perhaps that ‘end of So you would logically expect to see a flurry of an era’ phrase? Well just reflect for a moment that activity around achieving similar outcomes (including over the last 7 years we have been responsible for; maintaining agricultural production and amenity landscape values) with less water. Instead I see many • Injection of over $20m in cash into the people treating these issues as political in nature and Irrigation R&D sector that simply would not preparing to fight for retention of their historical rights have happened otherwise, to water. All is not gloomy though as I know ‘more • Delivering nearly 50 new post-graduates to crop per drop’ and the equivalent in urban irrigation the water sector (many of whom are already will return as a key objective within a few years. working in a wide variety of roles, not just Meantime, the capacity to deliver the new science research), and innovation needed will decline. • Development of new science to support major improvements in surface For me taking on the role as CEO of the CRC for irrigation efficiency (still the Irrigation Futures mid-term has been challenging, but main form of irrigation in this country and often fun. I need to thank the Governing Board for internationally) the opportunity to lead one of the most interesting • Development of new and better ways of groups I have met in my professional career. Thanks integrating research outcomes into regional everyone and hope to see you around. irrigation communities to help them deal with uncertain futures (and nothing Ian Atkinson has changed there). Chief Executive Officer

Then add in the fact that there is nothing around the corner to replace the cash and coordination that CRC IF has provided and I feel ‘end of an era’ is an appropriate phrase. Our researchers are either in the final stages of writing up their research or they have already moved onto other work. Most were seconded to us by their employers and so remain in research roles of some form even if their focus on irrigation issues declines with time.

5 2 CONTEXT AND MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS

2.1 Context

The continuing drought across most of southern assisted some irrigators in avoiding substantial Australia has had a significant impact upon the financial losses in these years, either by obtaining operating context of Australia’s urban and rural income from water sales or by purchasing water to irrigation industries. Record low inflows into the maintain production.”1 Murray Darling Basin (Figure 1) have caused severe impact upon our target industries. Despite this - the Early signs are also emerging of investment in importance of irrigation to Australia’s food and irrigation improvements by farmers. For instance fibre production remains. Irrigated agricultural land “Nearly two-thirds, (62 per cent) of respondents comprises less than 0.5% of all agriculture land undertook some capital investment in 2009/10, mainly but produces more than $12 billion of agricultural in machinery and irrigation plant.”2 production – a staggering 34% of all agricultural production (2006-07 ABS figures). Urban water restrictions continue to impact not only on urban irrigation industries but also our lifestyles. A recent study by the Australian Bureau of The issues of expanding urban populations in areas Agricultural and Resource Economics suggests water of relative water scarcity have been a topic of much trading has enabled many irrigators to minimise media coverage, particularly in areas such as South the impact of low allocations in the MDB. “Results East Queensland and Western Sydney. from the survey suggest water trading was effective in reallocating water among users in 2006-07 and 2007-08. The ability to trade water appears to have

35000

30000

25000 ) L/yr

(G 20000 s ow n

i 15000 em st Sy 10000

5000

0 9 8 07 - -0 -0 Years (ranked from lowest to highest inflows) 2006 2008 2007

Figure 1. Murray system inflows sorted in ascending order for all years 1892-93 to 2008-09 highlighting the run of record low inflows over the past three years. Source River Murray System Drought Update, June 2009 Murray Darling Basin Authority

1 Issues Insights 10.4 ‘Adapting to ongoing drought: irrigation in the Murray Darling Basin by Dale Ashton ABARE, March 2010 2 Dairy 2010 Situation and Outlook Fact sheet: A snapshot of the Murray Dairy region, by Dairy Australia. 2.2 CRC IF Contribution

In 2002, at the beginning of CRC IF, we set ourselves NSW and our work with the Northern Victoria Irrigation the goal of achieving the following national Renewal Project are both significant investments in economic, environmental and social benefits. ensuring CRC IF outcomes continue to deliver against the Commonwealth Agreement. MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS In response to the Commonwealth Governments The key impediment we have had to deal with is ‘Water for the Future’ plan, and in particular the State the loss of staff and changes at core participants. Priority Projects announced at the July 2008 COAG However we have been able to manage through this meeting, we were able to attract additional funding difficult phase by utilising other staff and organisations for delivery of research outcomes into Victoria and within the CRC IF to keep us on track. NSW. The Gwydir Demonstration Project in northern

Table 1. CRC IF contribution

Benefit Progress Outlook / Actions

Economic Uptake is certainly being The importance of ‘more crop per drop’ actually $221 million per hampered by restrictions to the increases with water scarcity and as farm incomes and annum. Commencing supply of water in the MDB and policy initiatives deliver more cash, uptake will increase in year five of CRC IF our capital cities. rapidly. (08-09)

Environmental A set of tools and processes Despite the gloomy short term future of application as Tools that consider have been developed and a result of the drought we believe the need for analytic all aspects of water are being refined through our tools is actually growing at a rapid rate. management and regional partnerships. use

Social A set of tools and processes Interest in these tools is at a high level as a result of the Knowledge, tools and have been developed and Commonwealths $3.1B Water Buyback Program. processes to support are being refined through our communities regional partnerships.

7 3 GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT

The CRC for Irrigation Futures exists as an Queensland Department of Environment and unincorporated joint venture but operates within Resource Management (DERM) corporate governance guidelines established South Australian Research and Development Institute under Corporations’ Law. The CRC IF is governed South Australian Department of Water, Land and by a Board chaired by Peter Hayes. The Board is Biodiversity Conservation appointed by our partners, who have similar rights SunWater and responsibilities to shareholders within a corporate Victorian Department of Primary Industries environment. The CRC IF is managed by the Chief The University of Melbourne Executive Officer, Ian Atkinson, who is accountable University of New England to the Board. The day-to-day management of the University of South Australia CRC IF is undertaken by the Executive Management University of Southern Queensland Group. University of Western Sydney

PARTICIPANTS AND SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS No new supporting institutions have come on board over the past year. Supporting institutions in 2009-2010 The CRC IF has fourteen core participants, were: representing six universities, five state departments, two water service providers and one national body. Aquatech Consulting Pty Ltd The following institutions were participants in 2008- BSES Ltd 2009: Irrigation Australia Ltd Measurement Engineering Australia Charles Sturt University Murray Irrigation Ltd CSIRO Murrumbidgee Irrigation Ltd Goulburn-Murray Water The University of Pretoria Industry and Investment NSW* The University of Queensland

OPERATIONAL STRUCTURE

BOARD INDEPENDENT PARTICIPANTS COMMITTEES BOARD FORUM

Audit and Finance Research and

Education Recruitment Communication Commercialisation CEO

KNOWLEDGE BUSINESS RESEARCH ZONE MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM MANAGEMENT TEAM TEAM MANAGEMENT TEAM TEAM

Figure 2. CRC for Irrigation Futures Organisational Chart

Land and Water Australia was closed in June 2009 and ceased to be a core partner of the CRC IF. * Previously New South Wales Department of Primary Industries which merged with the State and Regional Development and Energy to form NSW I&I. GOVERNING BOARD

The CRC IF is directed by an independent, skills-based irrigation practice, water industry, commercialisation, governing board (Table 1). The core participants research management and communication. The appointed personnel to the Board, for a period Board acts on behalf of the core participants in of three years, based on skills and experience in overseeing and governing the CRC IF.

Table 2. Governing Board Name Position, Organisation Role Peter Hayes Chairman Irrigation practice and Research Management Snow Barlow The University of Melbourne Research management Russell Cooper Independent Consultant Water industry Diana Day Diana Day Consulting Pty Ltd Research management Ticky Fullerton Journalist, ABC Communication Malcolm McKay Independent Consultant Commercialisation Graeme Milligan Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Water industry Management Tim Waterhouse Director, Sentek and Water Industry Alliance Inc Commercialisation John Wenske Irrigation Dairy Farmer Irrigation practice Geoffrey Kavanagh Irrigator Irrigation practice

Table 3. Board attendance Name 02 Sep 09 3 Sep 09 26 Nov 09 24 Feb 10 7 Jun 10 Peter Hayes      Diana Day^      Ticky Fullerton      Malcolm McKay      Graeme Milligan      Tim Waterhouse      Snow Barlow      Russell Cooper      John Wenske      Geoffrey Kavanagh     

KEY:  Attended  Apology ^Leave of absence approved November 2009 – January 2010

To provide specific strategic guidance, the Board has five committees as outlined in Table 3. 9 Table 4. Board committees Research & Audit & Finance Commercialisation Communication & Recruitment & Education Marketing Remuneration Diana Day* Graeme Milligan* Tim Waterhouse* Ticky Fullerton* Peter Hayes* Snow Barlow John Wenske Peter Hayes Tim Waterhouse Ticky Fullerton Malcolm McKay Geoffrey Kavanagh Malcolm McKay Graeme Milligan Tim Waterhouse Russell Cooper Diana Day John Wenske Snow Barlow Geoffrey Kavanagh

* Committee Chair THE EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT GROUP

The Executive Management Group is chaired by the Education programs (Table 4). The Training Program CEO and includes the Business Manager, Knowledge Leader is also invited to join the EMG as required. The Exchange Manager and Program Leaders for EMG meets regularly to discuss day-to-day issues of the Irrigation Toolkits, System Harmonisation and the CRC IF.

Table 5. Executive Management Group Management Ian Atkinson CRC IF Chief Executive Officer Rick Darroch CRC IF Business Manager Kelvin Montagu CRC IF Knowledge Manager & Education Program Leader Research Program Leaders Keith Bristow CSIRO Co-Program Leader, System Harmonisation Jeff Camkin 1 CSIRO Co-Program Leader, System Harmonisation Bill Williamson DPI NSW Program Leader, Irrigation Toolkits Jann O’Connor 2 IAL Program Leader, Training

1 Resigned December 2009

2 Resigned March 2010

CRC IF CEO Ian Atkinson (back right) with Board Members (L-R) Snow Barlow, Tim Waterhouse, John Wenske, Geoffrey Kavanagh, Ticky Fullerton, Graeme Milligan, Malcolm McKay and Board Chair Peter Hayes. Absent: Diana Day and Russell Cooper 4 RESEARCH PROGRAMS 4.1 Research activities and achievements 4.1.1 Irrigation Toolkits to Improve Enterprise Performance

Program Leader: Mr Bill Williamson, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Dubbo

PROGRAM GOAL

To deliver innovation to the on-farm irrigation sector to improve production, profitability and sustainability of irrigation enterprises. Key outcomes are: • Irrigators using CRC developed tools and techniques customised specifically to their equirementsr to supply appropriate and timely information that allows adaptive management of irrigation temporally and spatially to increase productivity and reduce environmental impacts. • Develop and refine equipment to measure free water evaporation and optimise performance of chemical evaporation suppression techniques for large storages. • Improved urban and on-farm water, nutrient and agrochemical use efficiencies through the identification and adoption of prescription and precision irrigation technologies.

OVERVIEW

The Toolkits for Improving Irrigation Practice Program Water relations from the river through the soil, plant has opened up powerful opportunities in water and into the harvested produce, are a continuum. management. Perhaps the credit is owed to the The Solute Signatures subproject, 5 Strands, is an inevitable globalisation of agriculture, but the ability elucidation of part of this relationship. The core to build current datasets from irrigator practice on technology of IrriSatSMS picks up on another short a large scale will create new paradigms, as we sequence, but will benefit from further research have witnessed in finance, entertainment etc. The (certainly two current PhDs will be valuable way in which CRC IF products such as IrriSatSMS contributions). The direct volumetric relationships and EvapCalc can accumulate real information on have been touched on by the Dam Evaporation physical features and irrigator practice, open up Mitigation Project and the development of tools for new insights into the soil-plant-water relationship. The management of Bays, Basins and Bankless Systems, success of the CRC IF lies in the fact these systems but there is much to learn at this “predictable” end have made it off the test bench and into commercial of the water cycle. Learning the fate of losses is a practice. tantalising opportunity for work in the current climate. The tangible outputs of the Evaporation Mitigation Technology will continually open new opportunities Project should pose a predictable commercialisation for natural resource management. However these opportunity providing the package can be brought opportunities have to be exploited, and supported by to market in a coordinated way. This will “speak to” a sound understanding of the systems which are the the current interest in volumetric savings, which is resource base. largely being driven by water policy reform. Valuable work has been done within Toolkits to quantify what Toolkits will have contributed to the development water policy reform and volumetric savings mean to of 28 postgraduates into a receptive water industry. an irrigator’s business. That group will have drawn technology, skills and science from a range of disciplines to solve questions Previously water soil plant relationships were reported of genuine importance to irrigation in Australia. The on seasonal timeframes at the catchment scale, or capacity for the CRC to accommodate such a for selected sites at finer temporal resolutions. The 11 breadth of technology and disciplines in the research development of crop factors are a case in point program is commendable. Such examples include where the experience of the 1950s – 1980s is now the physical sciences used to investigate monolayer wanting in the face of fortnightly NDVI and real time detection, to the methods of analysis for multiple soil water measurements. Toolkits have engaged criteria used in a range of drainage and groundwater on this issue, with projects engaging in sap flow, projects. Researchers have demonstrated a range Bowen ratio and METRIC to explore instantaneous of skills, for instance the higher level mathematics measurement of evapotranspiration. More data required to develop solutions for infiltration functions, also reveals the importance of understanding programming of $20 integrated circuits, to the spatial variability, another theme explored in the social skills required for face to face engagement Toolkits program. The insights which continuous and improvement of the irrigation practice of 3rd datasets provide, is the new paradigm of irrigation generation fruit growers. management. Whilst not real time, the datasets examined by the Solutes Signatures team from the Angas Bremer indicate the bogeyman of “limited water salinity” really has some flesh. Developing this knowledge remains a tremendous challenge, as the needs of Australia continuously grow. For instance there is little depth of skill to deal with situations such as that in the Surat Basin where is it is proposed that 50 million tonnes of salt from mining waste water be dealt with by a combination of physical disposal and irrigation over 30 years.

New technology allows sub season analysis of water relations, and knowledge of the rest of the water – plant continuum must be advanced to reveal the forces which are relevant on these shorter timescales. Advances are being made by different disciplines and it takes a mature research group to see the interrelated systems. A cooperative research group is required to probe the unknowns and deliver on the public good. 4.1.1.1 Storage Dam Evaporation

Sub-Program Leader: Mr Erik Schmidt, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba OBJECTIVES progressing well in their research (Brink – Monolayer • Development of technology and systems to application technologies and frameworks; Coop evaluate evaporation and seepage losses – Monolayer detection and Herzig – Monolayer from water storages. formulations and evaluations). • Development of improved monolayer based evaporation mitigation systems that can The Ready Reckoner for economic evaluation of be applied to large scale water storages to evaporation control systems has been refined and reduce evaporation losses. a user manual and cases studies prepared. A series of evaporation and seepage control web pages STRATEGIES have been finalised ( http://farmdammanagement. • Develop standardised methods for ncea.biz) and a number of training courses provided evaporation and seepage monitoring of at Mildura, Orange, Young and Sydney (Australian storage dams based on depth sensing Irrigation Conference 2010). technologies and analysis procedures and use of meteorological based evaporation The prototype monolayer applicator system was estimates. deployed at Yamba (Gwydir) to demonstrate the • Collation of available information of storage technologies and we are currently evaluating size classes and evaporation losses and potential commercial partners for these systems. The assessment of market potential for monolayer detection systems developed at University evaporation mitigation products and savings. of New England (UNE) are being evaluated and • Improved understanding of monolayer recommendations made for technical, design and product performance and factors affecting reliability improvements. this performance. • Development of improved monolayer Good collaboration has occurred with the SEQ Urban products. Water Alliance to evaluate evaporation savings for • Development of monolayer urban water storages. This has included support in application, monitoring and control instrumentation of a research site, review of water systems and recommendations for quality implications of deploying monolayers, base best management practice. line data collection and deployment of monolayer application systems. Evaluations of novel monolayer RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND compounds are ongoing with Orica Pty Ltd and CRC Polymers. ACHIEVEMENTS TO DATE Seepage and evaporation monitoring equipment has been commercialised through the IrrimateTM network of consultants. Analysis software EvapCalc has been LEAVING A LEGACY finalised and provides a useful analysis approach • Collaboration with SEQ Urban water Alliance for estimating evaporation and seepage losses from – Site establishment and evaluations. measured water level and weather data. Training • Collaboration with CRC Polymers and Orica has been provided to consultants. These systems are Pty Ltd novel product evaluation. being used in a National Water Commissions Cotton • Proposals being submitted for ongoing Catchment Communities CRC project in the Cotton project work with Cotton Catchment industry monitoring over 200 storage dams. Communities CRC Extension Bid.

Monolayer trials have been completed on a range of 13 products and the impact of water quality/microlayers and wind on monolayers investigated. Monolayer application systems have been developed, patented and demonstration systems deployed in the Gwydir Valley as part of the NSW Sustaining the Basin Program. These monolayer application systems are being commercialised as part of the PrISN2 program.

Improved monolayer products are being developed by the CRC Polymers and Orica Pty Ltd.

A number of journal papers and conference papers have been presented and the three PhD students are 4.1.1.2 Tools for Irrigation Profitability and Longevity

Sub-program leader: Dr Evan Christen, CSIRO Land & Water, Griffith. OBJECTIVES The project has three main overarching objectives: • Develop crop sensing systems to monitor plant water status and spatial variation to better manage crop productivity • Develop new evaluation and management tools for surface and pressurised irrigation systems to improve the application of water • Provide tools to assess the impact of changes in irrigation practice on profits, lifestyle and productive and environmental assets.

STRATEGIES The strategies for achieving these objectives can be broken into three areas where effort is being directed as outlined below:

Crop Sensing and Spatial Variability: We will use field sites spread across regions and crops to develop tools and share data. We will research real demand for the tools being development in this tools for: project. - Remote plant stress and canopy sensing - Remote evapotranspiration estimation During the last 12 months the team has: • Launched Australia’s first irrigation Managing Irrigation Performance: scheduling service using satellite This will be a mix of field monitoring and modelling for: imagery and SMS to mobile phone – - Bankless channel system design and IrriSatSMS (http://www.irrigateway.net). This management won the best new product award at the - Irrigation distribution modelling Australian Irrigation Exhibition, June - IrriGATE™ software for irrigation scheduling 2010, Sydney - WaterSense software • Developed or refined a number of products - Optimisation of irrigation management units for improving irrigation efficiency (CPLM assessment and training, TRAVGUN, IPARM, Irrigation Informatics™: WaterSense, DripDU) and We will research tools for the collation, recording and • Progressed new tools incorporating some of integrated analysis of spatial and temporal data to the latest scientific technologies, assist irrigators in irrigation management decisions. such as informatics, satellite remote sensing Key activities will include: and SMS, into irrigation management. - SILO climate data for irrigators • Eleven journal papers have been published - Smart metering along with thirteen conference papers - Spatial drainage assessment • The team has also been busy - Farmer heuristics in irrigation decision communicating the results from the grass making roots irrigator to state and federal government level as demonstrated by thirty RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND five public presentations and ten media ACHIEVEMENTS TO DATE events In Australia, only approximately 20% of irrigators use objective methods for deciding when and how LEAVING A LEGACY to irrigate. The Tools for Irrigation Profitability and The work from this project is set to continue beyond Longevity (TIPL) team has been developing a range the end of the CRC IF with projects looking at of integrated approaches to changing this. A multi- irrigation management in the Riverina region, Gwydir, disciplined group is working on developing the next NE Victoria, Hawkesbury-Nepean, SE Queensland and generation of tools which will be used to lift the other catchments. The CRC IF has been successful profitability and longevity of irrigation systems. in passing on its developments into the marketplace with commercial operators interested in the irrigation The current climate of reduced water allocations and scheduling and on-farm/furrow optimisation. dramatically increasing food prices has produced 4.1.1.3 Solute Signatures

Sub-program leader: Dr Richard Stirzaker, CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra. OBJECTIVES there is a strongly three dimensional distribution of • To develop monitoring systems and solute in a profile, for example under drip irrigation. interpretive frameworks for salt and Another is how to relate measurements from a nitrate signatures. This will provide a new way passive lysimeter to ECe, or how to link bulk EC of evaluating the precision of irrigation for readings from dielectric measurements to what production and sustainability. the plant is actually experiencing. To address • To develop decision support and visualisation these issues two test facilities for detailed process tools which will assist in the interpretation of work have been developed. These are i) a large solute monitoring data and management outdoor drainage lysimeter facility at the University decisions. of Pretoria ii) a test facility involving large (1000 litres) water tanks on continuous weighing equipment STRATEGIES in Canberra. A paper on solute monitoring was The project is being delivered through the following published in the Journal of Environmental Quality six strategies in 2009 and a second on interpretation of solute 1. On-farm monitoring: past and present, monitoring from the lysimeters was accepted for 2. Tools assessment and development, publication in Agricultural Water management in 3. Process understanding: fundamentals of June 2010. solute movement, 4. Modelling and visualisation: using models to Since we work underground, modelling and aid learning, visualisation to aid learning is important. The project 5. Co-learning: the meeting of theory and ran two Hydrus workshops (Adelaide and Canberra) practice, and funded the training of all Solute Signatures 6. Capacity building and delivery of tools. students. Hydrus is a powerful modelling package but difficult to use well and much of our work tests RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND its capability to the limits. We have used Hydrus ACHIEVEMENTS TO DATE simulations in many presentations and in reports to A number of on-farm monitoring trial sites have clients. generated new data from a wide range of conditions ranging from sports oval (Canberra), Avocadoes We are using a co-learning adaptive management (WA), Organic vegetables (NSW), Grapes (SA), approach to draw together theory and practice Cotton (NSW) and a number of sites in SA, open into a learning cycle to bridge the gap between hydroponics sites at Tatura (Vic DPI) Dareton (I&I scientists and managers. The approach implicitly NSW) and Sunraysia (SARDI) and several South recognises the complexity of applying our existing African sites through University of Pretoria (lysimeters, knowledge in the real world, whilst at the same time turf, stone fruit, wastewater). As solute monitoring recognising that there is not enough time to wait is not a new field of study we have also examined until we know everything. This has been formalised past experiences and data sets to see what light can through the MasterClass program, which were run in be shed on our current research efforts. (e.g. Two Canberra (December 2008), Adelaide (March 2009) Irrigation Futures Technical Reports and a number of and Melbourne (April 2010). conference papers). LEAVING A LEGACY Tools assessment was carried in the field, in outdoor After the conclusion of the CRC IF, we hope to keep lysimeters and under controlled conditions. Almost the MasterClass concept operational by handing all the solute monitoring tools currently on the market over the responsibility to IAL. The project team were evaluated. The project team has also been expect to remain available to run the courses if there 15 working with a number of manufacturers and resellers is a suitable home and funding base. We will be regarding the popularity and efficacy of these tools staying in close contact with manufacturers/retailers and the work needed to bring them into wider use. of products that can measure solutes in the soil. This purpose here is to determine which tools can be We will provide feedback on the performance of further developed in Australia by the private sector. existing products, how they could be improved and We have had detailed interaction with MEA Pty Ltd promising lines of development for new products. (Australia), and discussions are on-going with ICT Pty Ltd (Australia) and Decagon Pty Ltd (USA).

The fundamentals of solute movement are still debated and there remain significant problems with interpretation of solute data. One problem is setting a threshold from temporal point measurements when 4.1.1.4 South East Queensland Irrigation Futures

Sub-program leader: Professor Steven Raine, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba.

OBJECTIVES Area 2: Improved management of irrigated root This project continued the integrated research and zones development program to support the rural irrigation • Assess root zone salinity and nutrient industry and catchment groups in SEQ. Specifically management the project continued to: • Integrate and develop instrumentation and monitoring methodology • Provide the research and development that • Introduce stakeholders to climate change will underpin a 10% improvement in WUE by mitigation. 2010 for SEQIF. • Provide the basis for changes in on-farm Area 3: Crop water requirements and deficit irrigation water management practices and/or take- • Quantify crop water use in Dairy pastures, up of more water efficient equipment and Horticulture, Turf and Floriculture and develop operations through R&D. crop factors for “key indicator crops” in • Assist in the uptake of farm management Nursery. systems through better definition of best management practices and efficiency Area 4: Optimising performance and managing in- targets field variability • Assist in the introduction of climate change • Deploy high resolution data logger (DSL) and mitigation mechanisms and processes complimentary instrumentation. • Assist grower involvement in SEQIF by • Deploy NDVI and EM38 providing up to date research for SEQIF stakeholders by conducting Area 5: Industry support research at a local level while having • Provide support for various industry workshops access to a broader research framework • Provide technical support for various sensors of the CRC for Irrigation Futures, and tools National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture • Provide technical and software support for (NCEA), USQ, Qld Department of water use and irrigation scheduling systems Employment Economic Development and • Develop fact sheets on results, industry Innovation (DEEDI), and Industry and outcomes and improved performance Investment NSW.

STRATEGIES This project is being delivered in partnership with the local horticultural, dairy, turf, nursery and flower industry bodies by: • Providing a basis for changes in on-farm water management practices and/ or take-up of more water efficient equipment and operations; • Assisting in the uptake of farm management systems through better definition of best management practices and efficiency targets; and • Improving grower involvement in local on- farm research activities.

Research in this project is conducted within the industry identified 5 priority areas of:

Area 1: Monitoring tools to improve WUE • Develop scheduling tool for nursery based on pot and container weight (i.e. load cells) • Integration of other sensors into Pressurised Irrigation Monitoring System (PIMS) for each a pplicable industry • Deploy NCEA PIMS and provide analytical and technical support to industry systems RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS TO DATE LEAVING A LEGACY This project will continue the integrated research and Horticulture: development program to support the rural irrigation • Collaborative, (NCEA, GROWCOM) Energy industry and catchment groups in SEQ. The project and water use audits (Development of tools will continue to: and protocols). • On selected irrigated crops, survey soil • Provide the research and development that moistures pre- and post-irrigation to will underpin further improvements in WUE by determine spatial variability of irrigation 2013 for SEQIF. application. • Provide the basis for changes in on-farm • Optimise irrigation performance with PIMS water management practices and/or take- and Smart water meter. up of precision irrigation concepts through • Provide workshop support and technical R&D. assistance with sensors and other tools as • Assist in the introduction of climate change they may arise. mitigation mechanisms and processes. Dairy: • Assist grower involvement in SEQIF by • On selected irrigated pastures and crops, providing up to date research for survey (EM38) soil moistures pre- and post- SEQIF stakeholders by conducting research irrigation to determine spatial variability of at a local level while having access to a irrigation application. broader research framework of the NCEA, • Link irrigation performance assessed by PIMS USQ, DEEDI, and I&INSW. to spatial variability. • Scoping study on the application of Variwise Information generated from the research program precision irrigation on pasture crops (rye will: grass). • Provide workshop support and technical • Identify and test component tools and assistance with sensors and other tools as technology that will improve land and water they may arise. management strategies. Turf: • Assess the effect of precision irrigation on • Collaborative trial to map crop vigour with crop response and system performance. NDVI and determine relationship to crop • By the use of technologies such as decision quality. support systems, proximal sensing and energy • Proof of concept of an on-the-go turf calculators, provide opportunities for strength sensor to determine spatial variability improved risk management especially of turf quality and impact of inputs. mitigation of climate change impacts. • Survey soil moistures (EM38) pre- and post- • Under on-farm experimentation, improve irrigation to determine spatial variability of information regarding within-field variability irrigation application. to support decisions and risk reduction • Provide workshop support and technical potential. assistance with sensors and other tools as • Provide the basis for changes in they may arise. management practices and thus motivate Nursery: for partial or full adoption of precision • Develop weight based irrigation control irrigation innovations. system. • Incorporate weight based scheduling (WBS) into existing commercial irrigation controllers. • Provide workshop support and technical assistance with sensors and other tools as 17 they may arise. Flowers: • Evaluate methods to determine drainage volume/rates from hydroponic systems. • Utilise EM38 survey methodology in tree crops and in-ground flower production to determine crop water use and spatial variability of irrigation application. • Optimise irrigation performance with PIMS and Smart Water Meter. • Provide workshop support and technical assistance with sensors and other tools as they may arise. 4.1.2 System Harmonisation through Regional Irrigation Business Partnerships Program leaders: Dr Keith Bristow, CSIRO Land and Water and Mr Jeff Camkin , CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystem PROGRAM GOAL

• To develop strategies to improve cross-organisational communication and system-wide management while improving production and environmental outcomes. • To increase profitability and reduce environmental footprints from improved irrigation systems as part of improved water productivity in a total catchment management context. • To facilitate creation of viable regional irrigation businesses supported by improved transparency and objectivity in decision making. OVERVIEW The System Harmonisation Program was a bold that, if successful, will help further entrench system move by the CRC, which sought to deliver a whole harmonisation in the region. In the Lower Burdekin new approach to better integrating and improving the Burdekin Water Futures continues to strengthern the research and practice of irrigation and water and recently submitted a major proposal for funding management within a catchment context, and as to support development of a suite of groundwater such, System Harmonisation was an experiment in models to address regional Water Resource Planning itself. System Harmonisation focussed its efforts in and Reef Rescue objectives. In Macintyre Brook, five key regions across Australia, and adopted a our researchers continued to support development transdisciplinary approach based on integrating of concepts for a community driven customised science, policy, planning, management, communities agriculture sustainability framework to further and business principles in carrying out its work. In improve natural resource management outcomes. each region work was undertaken through one or In Coleambally, our researchers applied models more of the four System Harmonisation sub-programs to assess implications of alternative stakeholder that inform and influence each other: developed scenarios to help the region better • Water Cycle Management prepare for potential opportunities and threats • Markets & Productivity associated with introduction of the Murray-Darling • Social, Cultural, Institutional and Policy Basin plan. Because activity in Limestone Coast had Frameworks been progressively reduced over the last few years • System Harmonisation Integration and there was no specific activity in that region. Regional Irrigation Business Partnerships (RIBPs) In addition to the above activities System Harmonisation researchers also invested considerable A key learning halfway through the program was effort documenting results of the research as well as that the original RIBP model did not suit all regions, the lessons learned through the System Harmonisation and that different models of Regional Irrigation Program in books, reports and papers. Partnerships to support system harmonisation were needed in the different regions. This was easily LEAVING A LEGACY accommodated through the transdisciplinary As an experiment System Harmonisation was approach used and, depending on their state particularly successful in demonstrating that key of readiness, resulted in some regions taking stakeholders need to, and can, come together to more control and leading the process of system tackle difficult and complex irrigation and water harmonisation. problems that they could not tackle on their own, and in doing so harness the energy and commitment A strong focus for System Harmonisation researchers of the group to make local, regional and catchment through the final year of the CRC was to finalise scale change. Western Sydney and the lower and document all research activity, work closely Burdekin are particular examples of how this can with stakeholders to analyse implications of various work in practice. Key publications that document alternative scenarios developed by regional the lessons learned through the Sytem Harmonisation stakeholders, to put structures and processes in place Program and that serve as a starting point for others to embed system harmonisation within the regions to who want to embrace the System Harmonisation minimise impacts of closing the CRC, and to capture approach include: and document the lessons of System Harmonisation. • “Reinventing Irrigation Catchments: The System Harmonisation Story”, and In Western Sydney, System Harmonisation researchers • “Researcher lessons from Community continued to collaborate strongly with councils and Partnership and Transdisciplinary Research in local water organisations through the WISER project, a Peri-urban setting: The WISER experience in which resulted in submission of two major proposals Western Sydney” 4.1.2.1 System Harmonisation Integration and RIBPs

Sub-program leader: Mr Glen Starkey, CRC for Irrigation Futures.

OBJECTIVES the CRC and beyond, thereby maximising the legacy To integrate System Harmonisation outputs into of the program. In 2009/2010, the lessons learnt sustainability frameworks and processes that serve about the issues in each region informed the types and align well with regional irrigation communities’ of approach, skills and resources needed to better research and management challenges while connect irrigators, government and research teams supporting opportunities for more sustainable and in the development of harmonised approaches to resilient futures. improved irrigation. Each of the regions progressed research proposals that, if implemented, will support STRATEGIES ongoing application of the system harmonisation • Operate across selected regional irrigation framework in localised areas within the regions. communities working closely with all the research disciplines and with the regional In Western Sydney, CRC IF researchers with the committees receiving the research outputs. WISER project formalised a working relationship with • Liaise extensively with governments, local water organisations using a Memorandum of regional irrigation businesses, industry Understanding between the four Councils and the associations and regional communities to CRC IF (specifically the UWS partner). Another major secure and integrate program outputs that community water forum was held in November meet research needs and outcomes. 2009. A formal proposal addressing a Stormwater • Establish and encourage where necessary Harvesting and Reuse Scheme (SHRS) in Western appropriate business arrangements between Sydney was submitted to a Federal Government CRC IF researchers and regional communities Agency by the Penrith and Blacktown Councils. A to develop research products on time and Policy Risk Assessment Manual was produced and on budget. used in the development of the SHRS proposal and • Encourage regional research committees to in developing a proposal that was submitted to the own and manage the research outputs National Water Commission to fund a feasibility study adding to their own local program of and business case for a national centre for peri-urban activities and also set in place a process that water. allows this to continue beyond the life of the CRC IF. In north Queensland, the Lower Burdekin Water • Assist selected regional irrigation communities Futures group continued strongly as the key to build their capacity to move to a Regional Irrigation Partnership for implementing sustainable and resilient future utilising System Harmonisation in the Burdekin catchment. sustainability frameworks. Recognising the need to take a whole of catchment perspective, the group changed its name to RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND Burdekin Water Futures (BWF) and held a major ACHIEVEMENTS TO DATE water forum on partnering for water issues in tropical The Integration team worked with regional partners catchments that involved two international speakers in the lower Burdekin, Coleambally, Macintyre and attracted strong participation from a wide Brook and Western Sydney regions building on the range of stakeholders and local, state and federal successes of previous years. In this last year of CRC IF government agencies. our researchers have focussed on finalising research activities and working with stakeholders to apply the In southwest Queensland, System Harmonisation system harmonisation tools and learnings in assessing researchers continued to work closely with the future land and water scenarios. As in previous Macintyre Brook Irrigators Association and local years our work supported innovative solutions and stakeholders in an advisory and supportive role 19 processes to address new forms of governance to deliver the sustainability initiative consisting of: of water and land management. We continued (i) a State of the Catchment report; (ii) ongoing to engage local, state and federal government monitoring of landscape performance; and (iii) an agencies, and a range of businesses and other accreditation system that endeavoured to give community stakeholders with a growing interest in the the valley and its irrigation farmers a monitored system harmonisation research. sustainable farming community. This regional partnership delivered results against a formal Targeted surveys previously conducted to identify contract that was funded by a Federal Government how best to deliver research outcomes for rural agency with local in-kind support for the initiative and and urban irrigation communities were reviewed more significantly for the on-going self monitoring of to help ensure our research effort was focussed the region’s sustainability. in the regions most ready to apply the system harmonisation framework during the final stages of The Coleambally Irrigation Cooperative Limited The Lower Burdekin region will continue to benefit (CICL) continued to work closely with System from effort invested by the BWF in the Lower Burdekin Harmonisation researchers as part of its irrigation Groundwater Science Plan, which in time will result modernisation program to improve productivity and in improved groundwater management through reduce the environmental footprint of irrigation. development and application of a suite of models Preparing for release of the Murray Darling Basin Plan to address Water Resource Planning and Reef being drafted by the Murray Darling Basin Authority Protection objectives. The region will also benefit from and working out potential opportunities and impacts continued local investment in the Lower Burdekin associated with Federal Government funding for Knowledge Platform. both on-farm and off-farm adjustment remained a key focus. Researchers have worked with CICL to integrate data gathering and build a System Harmonisation framework specific to the Coleambally irrigation area. The detailed models, which simulated stakeholder developed scenarios, gave the local irrigation community some confidence to prioritise management and valuation issues into the future.

This final year of the CRC IF also saw publication of the PhotoStory book “Picturing Fresh Water Justice In Rural Australia” with a focus on the Coleambally and Limestone Coast regions. The pictures and words from a wide range of stakeholders provide a richer perspective of irrigation areas which will stimulate thinking about irrigation regions in new and more productive ways, hopefully leading to better policy and management.

LEAVING A LEGACY Researchers associated with CRC IF partners and the System Harmonisation team will continue relationships and research dialogues developed in the last four years. The frameworks developed through the transdisciplinary approaches used in the various regions will continue to support the dialogue and engagement between key stakeholders to apply the lessons learned through System Harmonisation.

In Western Sydney, members of the WISER project team are actively engaging the Western Sydney WISER steering group which brings together four local government authorities, the Metropolitan Water Directorate, the Department of Innovation and Investment and WSROC. The broader WISER group which includes a range of interstate partners has also supported development and submission of a proposal to the National Water Commission to investigate a business case for a National Centre for Peri-urban Water Research that will extend the System Harmonisation concepts well beyond irrigation and the initial System Harmonisation regions.

In Coleambally, CRC IF partners are engaged with the irrigation community to use the System Harmonisation tools and processes to guide it through the tough decisions which the Cooperative and its farmers will face during and following introduction of the first Murray Darling Basin Plan. 4.1.2.2 Water Cycle Management

Sub-program leader: Professor Hector Malano, University of Melbourne. OBJECTIVES The modelling analysis carried out for Western Sydney Identify opportunities in the regional water cycle involved a number of scenarios which combined which could lead to improved water productivity as changing land uses due to increased population well as environmental benefits. and urbanisation in the catchment with alternative combinations of water sources (effluent reuse, STRATEGIES stormwater harvesting) and uses. Additionally, • Development of conceptual models for potential water savings from implementation of the each region to explain the hydrogeology Smart Farms program and STP effluent reuse were and biophysical environment of the region. explored. This analysis provided vital information on • Quantify the hydrological characteristics the water security and economic outcomes from of the regions with particular emphasis on this range of alternative water management options water (quantity) and material fluxes (quality). which formed the basis for a multi-council initiative to • Region specific modelling framework of the secure funding to develop and implement a runoff water cycle to analyse and identify harvesting project within their jurisdiction. opportunities for improving water productivity as well as environmental outcomes. LEAVING A LEGACY RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND CRC IF researchers have through close collaboration ACHIEVEMENTS TO DATE with a wide range of stakeholders delivered an The water cycle research in four of the System analytical modeling framework that can be used Harmonisation regions has involved characterisation for water cycle analysis and analysis of future and description of the system using three dimensional water management scenarios, including potential (3-D) conceptual modelling. The 3-D conceptual economic impacts. The lessons learned through this models depict the hydrogeology of the regions by research have also opened new exciting scientific illustrating the geologic formations, hydrological and developmental opportunities for the future, one flows, capacity of aquifers, surface-groundwater of these areas involving visualisation tools to interact interactions and the connections between with stakeholders in the evaluation of current and agriculture and the environment. alternative water management strategies. These developments present enormous opportunities to The key second phase of the sub-program involved expand this capability to enhance the interaction construction and evaluation of the system’s stocks between scientists and stakeholders, which in turn will and flows. In this phase we populated the 3-D deliver better environmental, social and economic conceptual models and accounted for all water outcomes. supplies and uses. This data forms a baseline assessment and supports development, calibration and application of models to analyse various aspects of the water cycle.

During this final year of the CRC our System Harmonisation researchers have applied these region specific modelling frameworks to address alternative water management strategies in both Coleambally and Western Sydney. Analysis of the various stakeholder defined water management scenarios and their potential implications is now complete 21 and the reports describing the work are nearing completion.

The modelling analysis carried out for the Coleambally region involved a number of future water management scenarios for the region including potential impacts of climate change, future reductions in water availability and changes in the seasonality of crop water demand. The scenario modelling analysis revealed important water security and economic differences between these alternative futures.

4.1.2.3 Markets and Productivity

Sub-program leader: Dr Brian Davidson, University of Melbourne.

OBJECTIVES RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND To provide tools to assess the environmental ACHIEVEMENTS TO DATE outcomes or regional values that are primarily The economic model was completed and linked affected by a more harmonised irrigation practice. to outputs from the other water cycle models for both Coleambally and Western Sydney and used STRATEGIES to explore potential economic impacts of the alternative stakeholder derived scenarios. Workshops The following strategies govern the products and were held in both regions prior to and after the markets component of the project: analyses to ensure stakeholders needs were met in • Develop modelling methods to isolate and terms of setting scenarios and in interpreting results value the regional products and services of the analyses and potential implications to the produced by the irrigation industry. regions. This work is in the final stages of write up and • Ensure strong linkages to the hydrology publication . and institutional frameworks so that environmental, economic and social model simulations are based on hydrological LEAVING A LEGACY realities and institutional possibilities. CRC IF researchers have provided tools to assess • Work closely with the RIBPs so that their potential economic impacts of alternative irrigation environmental, economic and social and water management scenarios that will support objectives are captured in the model the ongoing work in the Coleambally and Western framework Sydney regions. With time these tools will be further enhanced with input from organisations like the University of Western Sydney, Charles Sturt University and the Department of Innovation and Investment for application to other regions. There are also opportunities to build on the ecosystem services work carried out within the System Harmonisation Program. 4.1.2.4 Social, Cultural, Institutional and Policy Frameworks

Sub-program leaders: Professor Paul Martin, University of New England and Professor Jennifer McKay, University of South Australia

OBJECTIVES survey approaches, including Photostory, focus Understand and identify the most appropriate groups and specific stakeholder interviews (CEOs/ change management strategies, institutional, law GMs of irrigation businesses in the Murrumbidgee and policy settings required to facilitate a more catchment in this case), to evaluate these issues. productive and eco socially sustainable irrigation region. The resulting photos from the Photostory exercise has been published in a book titled “Picturing Freshwater STRATEGIES Justice in Rural Australia”. This book presents over This subprogram considers key institutional concerns, 50 photographs by participants at the sharp end in parallel research streams, including: of Australian water policy. The participants have all • Understanding the impediments in our been affected by severe long-term water shortages, regions to the adoption of institutional conflicts between water users, the imposition of the innovations, such as those emerging sustainable development goal and other policy from the other System Harmonisation changes, all of which have reduced the amount research. There is particular emphasis of water they can use. The current Australian on the movement towards greater use of water policy requires regional water plans and the environmental markets and collaborative management of water to achieve ecologically regulation. sustainable development, which requires addressing • Proposing new methods to identify and environmental, social and economic objectives in address high level policy risk, risks a more objective and transparent manner. This new of non-adoption, poor design or negative policy is in stark contrast to previous policies where spillovers, including relating to innovations economic development was the main driver. The emerging from the System Harmonisation photo stories represent the experience of the irrigators program, or which are impacting on the and the policy officials in working on the sustainability irrigation sector from other sources. elements of the water policies, such as the water • Investigating options for improved plans and reduced allocations, as well as changes accountability for irrigators’ social license to to past practices in water allocations leading to irrigate, through duties of care and improved nil allocations for several years in Coleambally. public reporting. Experiences relating to licensing and use policies in • Improving the capacity of researchers South East South Australia are also included. and the irrigation sector to shape and implement transformational The findings of the stakeholder interviews have also change. This work is being conducted highlighted the level of networking between the through qualitative,multi-perspective irrigation businesses in the Murrumbidgee catchment, evaluation of the ‘System Harmonisation which is critical to delivering effective regional natural journey’, and by thetesting of a coupled resources management. systems modelling instrument (in Western Sydney) as a means for increasing CRC IF researchers have also led the: the capacity of users of research to make • Development of a new ecosystem services use of that research. framework that will assist peri-urban land • Using sophisticated survey approaches, use decisions in Australia and support including Photovoice and focus the integration aspects of system groups, to evaluating the receptivity harmonisation “integration” 23 and support of communities (and • Development of a literature review of the specific stakeholder groups) to adopt various Community values survey proposed institutional water reforms. This work methodologies as a future resource is focussed on the Limestone Coast to support the integration aspects of system and Coleambally regions. harmonisation • Development and testing of a policy risk RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND assessment process for water planning in ACHIEVEMENTS TO DATE Western Sydney. This policy risk assessment The work on evaluation of the receptivity and support tool can be utilised in any sector to assist in of communities to adopt proposed institutional water identifying the likely policy failures and/or spill reforms and in particular the community attitudes to overs of proposed policy interventions changes in water policy has been completed in the • Development and external funding of Coleambally region. The study used sophisticated the Macintyre Brook Sustainability Initiative, which contributed to the streamlining of regulatory burdens for irrigators in Macintyre Brook and built the capacity of irrigators to understand the catchment processes in relation to their farming enterprises • Review of the System Harmonisation learnings from Western Sydney (WISER) as a guide for future collaborative, transdisciplinary regional research initiatives

LEAVING A LEGACY CRC IF researchers have together with collaborators contributed a range of new approaches to irrigation and natural resource management that will benefit the various regions and beyond in the years ahead. These include a photo story approach for assessing receptivity to and support of policy changes, a new ecosystem services framework to support peri- urban decision makers, a new policy risk assessment process for water planning, and a proposal titled “Next generation of natural resource governance for Australia” involving national and international collaboration that builds on the successes of the System Harmonisation program to date. 4.1.2.5 Northern Australia Irrigation Futures

Sub-program leader: Dr Keith Bristow, CSIRO Land and Water OBJECTIVES and included participation by international experts To develop new knowledge, tools and processes Professor Shahbaz Khan (UNESCO, Paris) and Dr Ken to support debate and decision making regarding Knox (URS Corporation, Colorado). irrigation in northern Australia. CRC IF researchers also continued to investigate and STRATEGIES improve understanding of the links between land • Delineating key landscape attributes management and groundwater quantity and quality (including soil and water resources, with a specific focus on salinity, the mobility and climate, vegetation, rivers, near fate of nitrogen, and the impact of gypsum as an shore marine environments, ameliorant for sodic soils and its implications to deep and where appropriate links to drainage. people, industries, markets) relevant to ecologically sustainable irrigation across A project was also established in the Daly catchment northern Australia. in the Northern Territory to develop a better • Using key landscape attributes to develop understanding of the recharge and surface water- sustainability indicators and associated groundwater interactions in the Oolloo Dolostone management criteria covering a aquifer of the Daly Basin. This work will continue range of scales (field, farm, district, irrigation beyond the CRC and will support decision making scheme, catchment) for northern Australia. regarding future irrigation developments in the • Developing an overall framework that, northern Territory. through their involvement, is embraced by policy makers, regulators, investors and LEAVING A LEGACY managers, to help ensure any irrigation is Improved understanding of the hydrology and salinity managed in a consistent, ecologically in the lower Burdekin has been developed by CRC IF sustainable manner in northern Australia. researchers in collaboration with the Burdekin Water • Using linked case studies and stakeholder Futures Group, which is now well placed to continue input to support and inform development driving the research and management needs of the and testing of the framework. lower Burdekin beyond the closure of the CRC IF in • Through provision of a robust framework, September 2010. This will include further development contribute tools and knowledge to and application of the Lower Burdekin Knowledge support considered debate, decision Platform, assisting with development and application making and long term strategic planning for of models to address water resource planning and northern Australia and Australia as a whole. Reef Rescue objectives, and through this work improved management of the Burdekin surface and RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AND groundwater systems. ACHIEVEMENTS TO DATE The Burdekin Water Futures group has continued The irrigation mosaics work carried out by the to evolve as the key Regional Irrigation Partnership Northern Australia Irrigation Futures project has for implementation of System Harmonisation in the also clearly influenced government thinking about Burdekin, meeting around 10 times a year, and approaches to new irrigation developments addressing the difficult, complex problems the region in northern Australia, with mosaics seen “as an faces. appropriate model for irrigation in Northern Australia”. This will need further detailed study to understand Achievements during the 2009/2010 year include and implement its full potential in delivering the official launch of the Burdekin as an Operational ecologically sustainable development for the north. 25 HELP Basin (one of 60 river basins around the world to be part of the UNESCO-IHP HELP program), using the recently completed Lower Burdekin Groundwater Science Plan to guide development and submission of a groundwater modelling proposal to address water resource planning and Reef Rescue objectives in the Burdekin, providing continued input to the five- year Groundwater Action Plan for the Burdekin River Irrigation Area, together with Lower Burdekin Water hosting the highly successful 2009 Groundwater Users and Managers Conference and hosting a successful two day Burdekin Water Forum in February 2010 that attracted over seventy stakeholders each day, 5 EDUCATION AND TRAINING

Program leaders: Dr Kelvin Montagu and Ms Jann OConnor Irrigation Australia Limited

PROGRAM GOAL

• Greater irrigation science research capacity in Australia. • Greater technical capacity within the irrigation industry.

EDUCATION The CRC IF has made substantial progress in building Research Capacity the new research capacity in the biophysical, social Building current and future research capacity and economic areas. After seven years a 54 strong through our postgraduate cohort forms a major part postgraduate student cohort, with a further eight of the Education Program. When the CRC IF was honours students, across eleven universities has been formed in 2003 an ambitious goal of supporting 50 built. Of these 33 have graduated, 7 submitted and postgraduate completions was set. Since then issues a further 14 are in the final stages and on course such as water availability, growing demand for food to submit in the 12 months following the closure and fibre, the revitalisation of our rural industries of the CRC IF in June 2010 (Table 5). For these and balancing the communities environmental, students processes have been put in place to ensure production and amenity expectations have come continued support. By June 2011 it is projected that 51 to the fore requiring fresh research capacity in the of our students will have completed, from an overall irrigation and water resource management fields. cohort of 63, giving an outstanding completion rate in Now our ambitious goal of 50 does not look enough! excess of 80%. Table 6 Research students Year 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 In course 12 PhD’s 27 PhD’s 33 PhD’s 37 PhD’s 38 PhD’s 27 PhD’s 13PhD’s 0 MSc’s 1 MSc’s 2 MSc’s 2 MSc’s 2 MSc’s 3 MSc’s 1MSc 2 Honours 3 Honours 2 Honours 1 Honours Submitted 0 0 2PhD’s 6 PhD’s 8 PhD’s 7 PhD’s 1MSc Graduated 0 0 1 PhD 2 PhD’s 7 PhD’s 17 PhD’s 29 PhD’s 2 Honours 5 Honours 1 MSc’s 4 MSc 7 Honours 8 Honours

This year saw the graduation of Drs Bart Kellett, Peta Dzidic, Michael Mitchell, Younes Ezlit, Amjed Hussain, Avril Horne, Tamara Jackson, Jyotiprakash Pahdi, Gayathri Deva Makala, Michael Van Der Laan, Mark Shepheard, Daniel Lovell and Adam Sluggett, bringing to 33 the number of graduations. A further eight theses were under examination.

Thirty-five of our research students have move back into employment across a range of public and private organisations as outlined in Table 6.

* In March 2010 Jann O’Connor left Irrigation Australia Limited Table 7. CRC IF postgraduate students Name University Thesis title Current Status / Graduate destination

Program 1: System Harmonisation Diwakara University of South Sustainable institutional regimes for sustainable groundwater Graduated September 2006/ Queensland Halanaik Australia management in India and Australia - implications for water policy Department of Natural Resources and Water Imogen Charles Sturt Translating conjunctive water management from concept to practice in Graduated November 2007/ Weathering Change Pty Fullager University mature irrigation systems Ltd

Ganesh University of South Urban Wastewater Reuse For Agriculture: Governance Paradigms and Graduated April 2008/ Centre for Comparative Water Keremane Australia Institutional Arrangements in Australia and India Policies and Laws Claudia University of Integrating Values and Interests in Water Planning using a Consensus- Graduated November 2008/ University of Sunshine Baldwin Queensland building Approach Coast David Essaw University of Ownership in the integrated water resources management planning Graduated March 2008/ Research Fellow, University New England process: A cross country validation of methods of Cape Coast, Ghana Matthew University of Predicting and Storing Unutilised Irrigation Orders for Environmental Graduated October 2008 Berrisford Melbourne Benefit Bart Kellett University of Navigating change in irrigation and water management systems of Submitted February 2009/ Department of Water WA Melbourne northern Australia: Resilience at the interface between policy and local practice Geoff Kuehne University of South The influence of values and attitudes towards family, land, water, Graduated June 2009/ CRC for Future Farm Industries Australia community, lifestyle and profit on farmers’ behaviour Melanie University of Western Alternative Water For Irrigation: The social and environmental Submitted January 2010/ Sydney Water Schwecke Sydney acceptance of its use on urban playing fields Ismail Hirsi Charles Sturt Economics of conjunctive water management Under crop salinity Graduated September 2008/ IC Water University tolerance constraints Jacqui Watt Charles Sturt The effect of irrigation on Surface-ground water Interactions: Quantifying Graduated December 2008/ National Wine and University time dependent Spatial dynamics in irrigation Systems Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University

Amgad University of A Systems Approach To Improve Water Productivity and Environmental Graduated February 2009/ Bureau of Meteorology Elmahdi Melbourne Performances At The Catchment Level Peta Dzidic Curtin University of Influences of Worldviews, Values and Mythologies in Rural Landscapes: Graduated 2010/ CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems Technology Considering Culture, Change and Transition Michael Charles Sturt Can the process of triple bottom line reporting lead to enhanced Submitted December 2008/ Institute for Land, Water Mitchell University sustainability? A case study with Murrumbidgee Irrigation Pty Ltd and Society, Charles Sturt University John McVeigh University of Supply chain barriers to the adoption of sustainable irrigation practices Commenced studies March 2005 Queensland Eric de Regt University of New The development of a measurement system of sustainability factors for Commenced studies February 2006 England irrigation systems Avril Horne University of An approach to efficiently managing Environmental water allocations Graduated August 2009/ SKM Consulting Melbourne Tariq Rana Charles Sturt Design of Policy Instruments to Capture Externality of Surface- Submitted 2010/ Murray Darling Basin Authority University Groundwater Interactions in Groundwater Dominant Irrigation Systems 27 Table 7. CRC IF postgraduate students Name University Thesis title Current Status / Graduate destination

Tamara Charles Sturt University An appraisal of the on-farm water and energy nexus in irrigated Graduated August 2009/ International Centre of Jackson agriculture Water for Food Security, Charles Sturt University

Gayathri Devi University of Melbourne A Framework for Determining and Establishing the Factors that affect Graduated April 2010 Mekala Wastewater Treatment and Recycling Mark University of New Legal and Social Expectations for a Farmer’s Duty of Care Graduated 2010/ Endeavour Postdoctoral Shepheard England Research Fellow Lincoln University, New Zealand

Steve University of Investing in Ecological Infrastructure Commenced studies January 2007 Marchant Queensland

Lucy Reading University of Impacts of Amelioration on Sodic Soil Hydraulic Conductivity and Submitted May 2010/ Queensland Department of Queensland Potential Consequences for Deep Drainage in the Lower Burdekin, North Environment and Resource Management Queensland Virginie Gillet University of South The social issues with unclear water regulatory systems Commenced studies October 2007 Australia Kris Latu University of Melbourne Conjunctive surface-groundwater allocation policy for connected Commenced studies January 2008 systems to minimise productivity and environmental risks Daniel Lovell* University of Melbourne Conjunctive management of groundwater and surface water resources Graduated October 2009 / Goulburn Murray Water in the Upper Ovens River Valley Program 2: Irrigation Toolkits Malcolm Gillies University of Southern Managing the effect of infiltration variability on the performance of Graduated May 2008/ National Centre for Queensland surface irrigation Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland Kanya Lal University of Southern Toward real-time control of surface irrigation Graduated May 2008/ University of Sindh Khatri Queensland Simon White University of Southern Partial rootzone drying and deficit irrigation in cotton for use under large Graduated 2007/ National Centre for Engineering Queensland mobile irrigation machines in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland Goitom University of Pretoria Building simple and robust weak front detector for better irrigation Submitted 2010 Adhanom management Christopher Charles Sturt Increasing water use efficiency of broad acre cropping systems Commenced studies May 2004 O’Neil University Bhakti-Lata University of Western A Framework for Development and Evaluation of Policies and Programs Graduated February 2009/ City of Sydney Devi Sydney for Urban Irrigation Demand Management Cheryl University of Southern Automatic non-destructive dimensional measurement of cotton plants in Graduated March 2009/ National Centre for McCarthy Queensland real-time by machine vision Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland Amy Richards Flinders University Managing root zone salinity in irrigated viticulture under conditions of Submitted 2010/ Foster’s Group maximum water use efficiency David Deery Charles Sturt Water uptake by a single plant: Analysis using experimentation and Graduated February 2009/ CSIRO Plant Industries University modelling Table 7. CRC IF postgraduate students Name University Thesis title Current Status / Graduate destination

Younes Ezlit University of Southern Modelling the Change in Conductivity of Soil Associated with the Graduated January 2010 Alfateh University, Libya Queensland Application of Saline –Sodic Water

Amjed Hussain University of Southern Quantifying the opportunity for precision irrigation associated with Graduated February 2010/ Department of Primary Queensland improved spatial and temporal management of water application Industries, Victoria

Bilal Hossain University of New Precision Soil Mapping for Improved Irrigation Management Graduated December 2008/ Precision Agriculture England Research Group Viola Deva- University of Western Improved lettuce establishment by subsurface drip irrigation Graduated August 2008/ University of Sydney sirvatham* Sydney Sam North* Charles Sturt A comparison of wheat and canola water use requirements and the Graduated 2008/ NSW Industry and Investment University effect of spring irrigation on crop yields in the Murray Valley Jyotiprakash University of Southern Incorporating spatial variability in soil and crop properties for effective Graduated February 2010 Padhi Queensland irrigation Nick Car University of Informatics for Irrigation Decision Support Systems Submitted 2010 Melbourne Warren Conaty University of Sydney Thermal leaf optima for irrigation scheduling in cotton Submitted 2010/Youth Ambassador Program, Mongolia Michael University of Southern Performance Evaluation and Optimisation of Bankless Channel Surface Commenced studies March 2007/NSW Industry and Grabham Queensland Irrigation Systems Investment Adam Sluggett* Flinders University Solute Dynamics in Advanced Fertigated Horticulture Graduated 2010/ Murray-Darling Basin Authority

Belinda University of New Soil Spatial variability effects on irrigation efficiency Commenced studies April 2007 Kerridge England Michael Herzig University of Reducing water evaporation with novel monolayer materials Commenced studies May 2007 Queensland Paul Coop University of New Automatic sensing of evaporation suppressing films Submitted 2010 England Paiva University of Pretoria Nitrogen and Salt Leaching Management Strategies on Irrigated Salt- Commenced studies March 2006 Munguambe Affected Soils in the Chókwè Irrigation Scheme, Mozambique Michael Van University of Pretoria Modelling agricultural non-point source (NPS) nutrient pollution from Graduated February 2010/ South African Sugarcane Der Laan point to catchment scale. Research Institute Gavin Brink University of Southern Autonomous electromechanical systems for the optimal application of Commenced studies March 2008 Queensland chemical monolayer materials to open water surfaces

Kim Mosse Monash University An investigation into the suitability of using winery wastewater for Commenced studies March 2008 irrigation Mark O’Connell University of Yield - water use relationships in perennial high value horticulture at farm Commenced studies August 2007 Melbourne - regional scales Michelle University of Southern Modelling the Performance of Monolayers on Channels Commenced studies March 2009 Winter* Queensland 29 AWARDS Recent graduate Dr Avril Horne received the CRC IF During the year our recent graduates received a Directors Award for high performing PhD candidates. number of international and national awards. Dr Horne will be using the monetary award to attend the week long Cranlana Programme Colloquium Dr Malcolm Gillies was awarded the prestigious which enable participants to define and understand International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage’s the principles that lie at the heart of leadership and (ICID) 2009 WatSave Young Professionals Award. The decision making. award recognises outstanding contributions to water conservation and water savings and follows on from At the One Water Many Futures Conference Belinda another CRC IF postgraduate student success with Dr Kerridge won the best student poster award while Amgad Elmahdi taking out the award in 2008. Paul Coop was awarded the best student oral presentation. Dr Gillies’ work consisted of the development and testing of three simulation models (IPARM, IRRIPROB POSTGRADUATE DEVELOPMENT and SISCO). Dr Gillies said the software can be used The CRC IF Education Program provides additional to monitor the performance of furrow, bay and basin activities beyond those provided by the host irrigation, which are the main methods to irrigate Universities. Theses activities aim to develop well crops in Australia. “Water savings averaging 20 per rounded “industry ready” graduates. During the year cent, and as high as 50 per cent, can be achieved our postgraduate students hosted an Early Careers through improved flow rates and scheduled Evening, attended writing workshops and made a irrigation times suited to various field layouts and soil large contribution to the CRC IF’s final event, the One types”. Potential total water savings in Australia are Water Many Futures conference and exhibition. estimated at over 800,000 ML (800 GL) a year. CRC IF postgraduate Mark O’ Connell hosted an The new tools will be integrated into an existing suite early career evening run as part of the One Water of irrigation technology called IRRIMATE, developed Many Futures Conference. The early careers evening primarily by scientists at the University of Southern provided a great networking opportunity for not Queensland. To date, it has provided $36 million in only our postgraduate students but also a number benefits to the industry in terms of water and energy of early career professionals and undergraduates savings and productivity improvements. students. Mark hosted a panel discussion on varying water careers paths and tips from a distinguished Michael van der Laan received the Daan Retief panel featuring Dr Sandra Postel, Director Global Trophy at the 2010 South African Combined Crops, Water Policy Project and author; Dr Diana Day, Board Soils, Horticulture and Weeds Congress. The Daan member CRC IF and MDBA; Dr John Hornbuckle, Retief Trophy, donated by the first President of the CSIRO and CRC IF scientist; and Mr Matthew Society, is awarded for outstanding papers. Michael’s Shanahan, Consultant with RMCG. The panel paper Estimating leaching losses from mobile and shared their stories and wisdom with the irrigation immobile soil water nitrate concentrations was professionals of the future through an hour of Q&A. presented during the Soils Physics session and was What clearly emerged was that career paths will acknowledged for its excellence. be what you make it even if it’s not in the order you thought it would unfold. The participants had the Dr Tamara Jackson was awarded the National opportunity to absorb insightful views from different Program for Sustainable Irrigation and Irrigation perspectives, to learn and to finish the night with Australia Ltd travel fellowship for 2009. Tamara relaxed conversation among their peers. travelled to Turkey, Israel, the UK and US to explore the current state of research into aspects of the The CRC IF conducted its final week-long writing water-energy-emissions nexus in irrigated agriculture, workshop for postgraduates in Brisbane. The course which was also the topic of her CRC IF PhD research. began with how to broadly structure a journal paper; Tamara presented a summary of her findings at the for example title, abstract, introduction, methods, One Water Many Futures Conference. results, discussion and conclusion. Once participants had completed each section, they were paired Dr Bhakti Devi was one of eight early career up and reviewed each other’s work. These “mini” scientists selected to present their research results reviews gave the students an opportunity to gain at the Pathfinders Conference, organised by the some insights into each other’s research fields as well Cooperative Research Centres Association. The as some practical experience in reviewing articles, day before the conference, CRCA had organised which is an important role that published authors play for a Media Training workshop especially for us. At in maintaining high quality journal publications. the workshop we got a taste of being interviewed by print, radio and television media, as we did some After a week of pretty intensive lectures and writing, mock interviews. the last session of the course took the students through the journal submission process, or the “business end” of academic writing. This session covered all aspects of the process, from how to UNDERGRADUATE select the most suitable journal, to how to deal with As part of the One Water Many Futures Conference reviews and rejections of submitted papers. the CRC IF was instrumental in developing opportunities for undergraduates to attend the Contribution to the research effort conference and early careers evening. The students apply for scholarships to attend the The CRC IF’s postgraduate students are connected conference by describing in one hundred words to the research programs. Twenty-six postgraduate or less why this conference would be of value to students have research projects aligned with them. Nine undergraduates were supported to the System Harmonisation programs and 28 in attend the conference, coming from a wide range the Irrigation Toolkits program (Table 6). These of backgrounds and locations. With the conference connections provide a wider research framework showcasing the CRC IF research it was an excellent into which postgraduates’ research outputs can be opportunity to inspire a new cohort to enter into the integrated in industry policy, planning and practice. irrigation and water management sector.

During the year, postgraduate students have “I have walked away with a better understanding of produced 11 book chapters or refereed journal the bigger picture - irrigation’s future role in food and publications, 48 conference papers and 16 fibre production and have caught glimpses of just reports. Twenty-nine students have also presented how differently things are done, both internationally papers or posters at national and international and regionally.” conferences, with CRC IF financial assistance from their postgraduate research grants. In addition to “ the week was a great learning curve for me and a these publications the CRC IF helps to promote the fantastic experience! Coming from a property who postgraduates’ work by publishing their literature has little to no irrigation, it was an eye opener for review and making their thesis available on the me to see how important irrigation and water is to website after an appropriate IP review. a lot of farmers and how the future of water plays such an important role, not just to farmers, but to all Australians.”

31 TRAINING & WORKSHOPS The MasterClasses run for 2 days and draw heavily from existing outputs such as Technical Reports, CRC IF MASTERCLASSES journal publications, models and tools. These outputs are “brought to life” by the experience and skills Delivering research into practice is a challenge. The of our researchers and input from participants. MasterClass model was developed to place the CRC MasterClasses are a two-way exchange of IF’s research outputs into context and deliver this information. The structure of the course facilitates to irrigation and water management professionals. this aspect. Sessions draw upon the considerable Ultimately, research outputs are interpreted and put expertise of participants in addition to that of the into practice by these professionals working with their presenter. clients. All the MasterClasses followed a general three step The CRC IF has developed and delivered four program that looked at the history of developments, MasterClasses; reflected on current research and practice and then • Evapotranspiration looked to the future. • Solute Signatures • Flow measurement 1. Reviewing the historical developments in • Centre Pivot & Lateral Move Irrigation the information and technology relevant to their field. This allowed and understanding The underlying philosophy is that MasterClasses are of the core principles, concepts and theories the vehicle to deliver the conceptual framework, that guide and inform current research and tools and processes to irrigation and water practice. management professionals. Course participants 2. Current research and practice was offered will then be able to apply and adapt the tools and gave people the opportunity to find and processes to their specific situation using the out about the most recent and emerging conceptual framework. outcomes and technology 3. Discussion on future direction and challenges in the research gave people a change to think if it might be an extension of the present or if significant changes in direction may lead to outcomes that could not have been predicted. A core element of the MasterClasses was to create Future MasterClasses will be coordinated through a safe and friendly environment where people could Irrigation Australia Limited depending on demand ask questions and challenge thinking with respect. and the availability of presenters. The key outcomes are learning, insights, feedback and support. Participants found it refreshing that CENTRE PIVOT AND LATERAL MOVE IRRIGATION they could spend two days reflecting on their work COURSE and applying the information, rather than the twenty Over 300 000 hectares of crops and pastures are minutes that might otherwise be available at a currently being irrigated by centre pivot and lateral conference or seminar. move (CP/LM) irrigators across Australia. This number has been steadily increasing as farmers see the Key to the success of the MasterClasses is the calibre benefits through more efficient use of water and of presenters that contributed their time and expertise more effective crop production. to the participants over the two day courses. With an average of twenty people per course, there was The Pivots and Laterals Course was first offered in enough time and space to allow for quality discussion mid 2007 and since that time has attracted 417 of issues. Participants were encouraged to share their participants to 28 courses in Queensland, New South work to add to the body of knowledge. Wales, Tasmania, South Australia, Portugal and New Zealand. “The researchers involved were good at understanding how to maintain relevance. The Developed for advisors, consultants and grower- whole process used in the MasterClass makes you managers, the course helps those who are currently go through the process of updating yourself; most using or planning to purchase centre pivots and practitioners struggle to do the relevant reading in lateral move machines in order to improve on-farm their industry field.” irrigation performance and farm profitability. MasterClass Participant It’s important that irrigators who are considering infrastructure changes are equipped with the right The MasterClasses attracted researchers, retailers, information and skills to help make their investment manufacturers, advisory staff, government program decisions as well as manage their new systems once managers and students. The wide range of works are complete. background, experience, knowledge and skills meant that good examples of local adaptation and regional Courses have been delivered through the country application of research could be provided. Personal by over 13 trainers who have received training in the experience and practical examples help made course content and provided with the PowerPoint the connection between theoretical research and slides, manual and technical updates. One course difficulties with on ground applications. manual is used in all parts of the country, with some additional material being added to cater for crop “A great benefit of the masterclasses is the ability to and climatic differences. network closely with like-minded, key industry players and interacting with industry leading academics The Training Package has been aligned to Unit and researcher. It allows an update of information Competencies within the Australian Qualifications relevant to Australia as there has been a significant Framework for participants who want to use units change to research data.” covered by this Training Package to count toward MasterClass Participant a qualification in Agriculture and Horticulture. People enrolled within this training package may While the MasterClasses advanced the thinking of seek ‘Recognition of Prior Learning’ of the aligned the participants, it also gave the presenters who are competencies with a Registered Training Provider. leading researchers in the field, an opportunity to get The availability of FarmReady funding from the feedback and ideas about their latest work. Australian Government made it more attractive for farmers to attend to assess the options of moving into 33 “The MasterClass concept has captured the essence this type of irrigation or to increase their investment. of the Solute Signatures Program about as well as any This funding gave farmers a full refund for the cost of ‘output’ milestone could have done.” training and resulted in some farmers attending who MasterClass presenter might not have enrolled otherwise.

A key challenge for the irrigation industry is to ensure The future of CP/LM courses beyond the life of CRC IF that the latest research findings are adopted and will continue through the licensed training providers of disseminated throughout the industry as quickly as the course in NSW, Queensland, South Australian and possible. By bringing together leading scientists, Tasmania. commercial practitioners, research students and leading irrigators in a MasterClass, the CRC is Beyond the life of the CRC IF the course will continue smoothing the path from research to practice. to be offered by the following licensed providers: • Industry & Investment NSW • Growcom Queensland OTHER ACTIVITIES • Rural Solutions, South Australia The CRC IF co-ordinated two workshops at the One • Agricultural Resource Managers Tasmania Water Many Futures Exhibition. The What’s Your Dam Water Worth? workshop provided information Irrigation Australia has taken on the role of the on the latest research and products available primary licence holder and will oversee the future of to improve management of farm dams used for the course. irrigation. Twenty-five participants, including advisors, consultants and irrigation retailers, heard from a During the year a condensed version of the course number of speakers on how to estimate the value was presented twice at Ashburton, New Zealand; of dam water by considering methods and costs to firstly to approximately 20 irrigators and then to improve management of seepage, evaporation, about 12 consultants, educators, agency staff and leakage and opportunities for aquaculture. The engineers. Discussions with Irrigation New Zealand are presentation on aquaculture was important as there occurring with a view to the course being offered in is limited extension of information on this information. New Zealand. The New Era of Irrigation Metering - What does Increased industry cooperation from irrigation it mean for you? workshop informed irrigators, manufacturers and retailers has resulted from the consultants and advisers in the Sydney basin and course. Company representatives are invited to near regions (Hunter Valley, etc) on the new national courses to share information and their technical requirements for metering. As new standards for on- knowledge. They have been involved in reviewing farm metering installations are being implemented and updating the course manual and forming a in all states and territories, this workshop explained Special Interest Group through Irrigation Australia the standards and their implications for irrigators, Limited. detailed how they will be applied, outlined the role of accredited certifiers and the function of state and territory agencies and described the collection and use of water information by the Bureau of Meteorology.

More than 100 people went on two industry tours organised by the CRC for Irrigation Futures after the Irrigation Australia conference in Swan Hill, Victoria. These tours provided a great opportunity to showcase the CRC IF’s work. The North Tour provided an insight into the future with a focus on current trends in best practice on-farm irrigation techniques and the South Tour looked at modernising infrastructure and supply. 6 RESEARCH COLLABORATIONS

Collaboration across the CRC IF is required to commercial seepage evaporation equipment. achieve the Centre’s Mission. In practice, individuals collaborate with individuals to achieve what Project Leader Erik Schmidt and other team members they cannot do on their own. This collaboration is undertook research and project collaboration with promoted and facilitated across the CRC through a Goulburn-Murray Water, SEQ Urban Water Alliance, strong internal communication process: NSW Industry and Investment, CSIRO, University of • A monthly newsletter, INFLO, keeps Queensland, Griffith University, Urban Water Security CRC IF members and end-users up to date Research Alliance and Queensland DEEDI. on activities and opportunities to collaborate. • The public website (www.irrigationfutures. The team collaborated with representatives from CRC org.au) promotes interchange across Polymers and the University of Melbourne to develop the 15 participants and potential new monolayer products and sought the expertise users of research by promoting on water and bacteria samples from the University the CRC IFs products, maintaining an of Southern Queensland. Erik Schmidt and Jack up-to-date calendar of events, McHugh worked with Growcom to develop training providing an easy to use contacts page, materials and workshops on evaporation mitigation ensuring project information and and received exposure for the CRC IF products outputs are readily available, providing through discussions with the Queensland DERM on information on postgraduate students and evaporation products for large dams. their projects and listing media releases and trade articles. The Tools for Irrigation Profitability and Longevity team • In 2009-10 the Annual Research Forum worked with Industry and Investment NSW on the was not held. Instead, the Hawkesbury Nepean Catchment Recovery Project to CRC IF joined with Irrigation Australia Ltd allow application and development of the IrriSTATSMS to host the Australian Irrigation Conference. technology in the Hawkesbury Nepean Catchment, This major event was designed to bring through the Water Smart Farms recovery package. the entire irrigation industry together Through the Victorian Department of Primary at the largest event of its kind held Industries (VicDPI), the South Australian Research and in the southern hemisphere. The conference Development Institute, the Grape Wine Research theme, One Water Many Futures, looked and Development Institute and Riverina Citrus, to the future of irrigation and its role in food, John Hornbuckle and Project Leader Evan Christen fibre and lifestyles as the Australian have been able to apply IrriSTATSMS in a number of irrigation industry undergoes a once additional regions and areas. Further work was done in a lifetime policy and practice with VicDPI by team members Ian Goodwin and Mark transformation. One Water Many O’Connell on irrigation management and spatial Futures featured both international and variability management for growers in the region. local keynote speakers and a number of Workshops. The team is working with MIA Horticultural Council, the Wine Grapes Marketing Board, and Murrumbidgee 6.1 National collaborative Irrigation Ltd on a range of issues including farmer irrigation scheduling, water demand modelling, linkages Farmwise course input, SMS delivery of water trade, price, ETo, ETc and run times. Through this work they have built a strong affiliation with on-ground The CRC IF has a well developed and growing organisations representing irrigators. Work with collaborative network across Australia, connecting Department of Environment Water Heritage and Arts with over 140 individuals and organisations in 2009-10. (DEWHA) on understanding irrigator decisions and These personal links connect the CRC IF to industry, providing new infrastructure costing models has the our partner organisations, researchers and research potential to feed into the National Water Initiative. 35 and development corporations. Some of these collaborations are highlighted below. Team members have been collaborating with South Eastern Queensland Futures on irrigation Storage Dam Evaporation Mitigation worked with measurement, management and scheduling; with representatives from Aquatain, NSW Industry and Mackay area productivity services on irrigation Investment and Windolf Farms on anti-evaporation scheduling in cane using WaterSense; with the film product trials in order to test project equipment. University of Melbourne on thermal imagery for the detection of crop water stress; Monash University The team has linked with AquaGuardian Pty Ltd to on the sustainable re-use of winery wastewater for evaluate modular system evaporation covers and irrigation and with the Victorian Government to shape is working with Aquatech Consulting, EASystems policy around using the METRIC tool for evaluating Consulting, National Water Commission and FSA water demand and use. Consulting to develop, deploy and consult on Solute Signatures team members have received technology transfer of best practice for growers on project and financial assistance from CSIRO CLW, the Limestone Coast and Des McGarry collaborated SARDI, Victorian DPI, Queensland Department of with DERM Queensland Government; the Cotton Environment and Resource Management (DERM) and Catchment Communities CRC; Queensland Murray Industry and Investment NSW. These collaborations Darling Committee on the common interest project have allowed knowledge sharing and the transferring “Deep Drainage under Irrigated Cotton – Surface of knowledge across regional boundaries. Basant and Groundwater Implications.” Maheshwari and Eddie Parr have connected to the urban sector and water users in Western Sydney through their work with the University of Western South East Queensland Irrigation Futures collaborated Sydney and Industry and Investment NSW. Industry with Industry and Investment NSW to introduce staff and Investment NSW has also provided information to the project, thereby ensuring extension of research sharing on cotton experiments through collaboration into other regions, in this Case the Hawkesbury- with Peter Smith. Neapen catchment in NSW. Team members are also sharing technology, support and instrumentation Project Leader Richard Stirzaker has been in with the Department of Employment Economic collaboration with the Angas Bremer Water Development and Innovation Queensland, Management Committee and Department of Land Growcom, Queensland Turf, the Nursery, Dairy Water and Biodiversity Conservation (DWLBC South and Flower Industries (NGIQ, QDO and FAQI) to Australia) to develop accreditation systems data ensure technology is applied to current issues in the for leaching managers and also with MEA on the horticultural industry. Team members are further development of new tools. Avowest Pty Ltd has given collaborating with the University of South Australia on Richard direct links with growers to facilitate data testing a Smart Water Meter and DEEDI Queensland collection while ICT and Aquaspy have collaborated on validating solute modeling. with him on the evaluation of sensors. Northern Australian Irrigation Futures team member Tapas Biswas was assisted by PIRSA ICMS and Keith Bristow is part of the Burdekin Water Futures approximately twenty lower Murray wine grape (BWF) group which provides a contribution towards and citrus growers with the collection of field data the delivery of long-term environmental, economic and ongoing access to permanent plantings while and social outcomes to ensure the region’s Flinders University PhD Students assisted Tapas with sustainability. Members of this group include the capacity building in solute transport in the rootzone Burdekin Shire Council Mayor, Lyn McLaughlin, North of irrigated crops. SA Murray Darling Basin Natural Burdekin Water Board’s Michael Hoey, and other Resource Management (NRM) Board assisted with council and industry representatives. The official guideline for managing saline irrigation in grapes for launch of the Burdekin catchment as an operational Finniss River growers. Additional Industry Tools and HELP basin under the UNESCO-HELP Program took Techniques for managing salinity in vineyards were place at the highly successful Burdekin Water Forum developed through collaboration with Hardy Wines. in February 2010. Collaboration with DWLBC Mt Gambier created best practices for south eastern irrigators on low impact Under the guidance of Bruce Simmons, the Markets irrigation with saline groundwater and the CSIRO-LW and Productivity team is connecting with a number of aided Tapas with managing rootzone water quality local Councils in Western Sydney on the assessment under viticulture. Tapas was joined by Gerrit Schrale of organics on irrigation water use on playing fields. and Industry and Investment NSWI to develop The team is also working with Kogarah Council, Manly advanced fertigation in citrus. Council and Manly Golf Course to assess alternative water sources for irrigation of playing fields, thus M.J. Hall and Sons gave in-kind support to Ian widening the scope of the project in Western Sydney. Goodwin to establish an experiment on their property The scope of the project has further widened with the for the purpose of knowledge sharing. Ian also latest collaboration with the Industry and Investment collaborated with the HAL Water Initiative to discuss NSW to assess Smart Irrigation Technologies and rootzone salinity, with Incitec Pivot supplying soluble Vegetable Production. fertilizer for the experiment and Netafim supplying equipment and a selection of treatments. The Social, Cultural, Institutional and Policy Frameworks (SCIP) team collaborated with a number Steven Falivene worked with the Victorian DPI, of organisations and Queensland government Netafim and Agriexchange on a range of topics departments to establish case studies in pursuance including an Open Hydroponics trial site, soil solution of next generation natural resource governance in analysis tools, methods to estimate crop factors, soil Australia and specifically in the Northern Gulf/Cape, solution results and planning for a short introductory barrier reef and Namoi Catchment. soil solution seminar. Professor Paul Martin and Dr Jacqueline Williams Brian Latcham collaborated with the DWLBC on a collaborated with the Australian Centre of Excellence in Risk Analysis, the Murray Darling Basin Auburn Councils and Sydney Water on a joint project Authority and Synapse Consulting and ALMS in the funded by the NSW Environment Trust, field monitoring development and review of the policy risk manual in and developing best practice guidelines. They particular methodologies underpinning the policy risk completed a Memorandum of Understanding for management strategy development. on-going collaboration with Blacktown, Hawkesbury, Liverpool and Penrith City Councils. The integration Further Collaboration with researchers from CSIRO, team from WISER and Macintyre Brook collaborated University of New England, University of the Sunshine with state agencies in both NSW and Queensland Coast, Biological Farmers of Australia, University to produce feedback and technical advice on of Western Sydney, University of Pennsylvania, processes to bring together a sub-regional water the Mehta Environmental Foundation, the Soil strategy addressing all demands and supplies. It has a Conservation Service Iceland and the European special reference to demand management policies Commission developed the book “Translating Social and applications in the peri-urban situation and License: Issues, challenges and new directions for regulatory compliance and recognition processes in Agriculture.”, This book was accepted for publishing the rural agricultural setting. by the CSIRO in 2010. 6.2 Collaboration with Jennifer McKay and Ganesh Keremane collaborated with representatives from the Environment Resources other CRCs and Development Court South Australia, the Land and Environment Court of New South Wales Industry The CRC IF collaborates with three other CRCs. The and Investment NSW and the Border Watch Mt engagement with other CRCs focuses on activities Gambier in producing their Photostory book. which meet an identified need and require the input of both organisations. Specific examples of these The WISER team worked with Penrith, Camden and activities are provided in Table 7.

Table 8. Collaboration with other CRCs CRC Project Activity Industry Intended outcome sector CRC Cotton Joint project with Department Cotton Collaboration on common interests among Catchment of Environment and Resource CRCs Communities Management Queensland Government and Queensland Murray Darling Committee - “Deep Drainage under Irrigated Cotton – Surface and Groundwater Implications” CRC for Collaboration on evaporation mitigation Cotton/ Collaborative research to develop new Polymers and Cross technologies for evaporation mitigation CRC Cotton Industry Catchment Communities CRC Viticulture Joint funding of PhD scholarships Grape Recruit top quality candidate into the specific area of grape related water management CRC Cotton Joint funding of two PhD scholarships Cotton Recruit top quality candidate into the Catchment specific area of cotton related water Communities management 37 CRC Cotton Knowledge exchange activities Cotton Utilise the existing delivery networks of the Catchment (OVERSched development; Centre CRC Cotton Catchment Communities to Communities Pivot and Lateral Move training and deliver CRC IF products performance; surface irrigation training) 6.3 International collaborative research during sabbatical visits. The team conducted joint trials to determine the collaborative linkages performance of evaporation suppressants in Spain and Australia and now have joint publications in During 2009-10, the CRC IF engaged in over 52 process. CRC IF PhD student, Gavin Brink plans a international collaborative linkages. These occur at reciprocal visit to Spain in August 2010. PhD student both the personal and organisational level across 16 Michael Herzig visited the Advanced Photon Source countries. (APS) in Chicago, USA, to undertake collaborative experiments on evaporation reducing monolayers The Water Cycle Management project leader using x-ray diffraction. Michael’s visit has helped Associate Professor Hector Malano continued strengthen international linkages within this area work with Dr Hugh Turral at the International Water of research. Pam Pittaway joined with Erik Schmidt Management Institute (IWMI) on a joint project which to explore potential collaborative projects with Dr focuses on the development and evaluation of Luis Caceres of the Universidad de Antofagasta water allocation policies in the Krishna River Basin, Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica, Chile. The India. They were joined by Professor Nagesh Kumar visit by the Chile delegation included workshops from the Indian Institute of Science during 2009-10. of evaporation technologies. Erik will follow up this The basin shares some important features with the collaboration with a visit to Chile in August 2010 to Murray-Darling Basin in relation to water scarcity provide guidance on water saving technologies to and environmental degradation. Professor Malano the mining industry. is also collaborating with Professor Bart Shultz at UNESCO-IHE in the Netherlands on management The Tools for Irrigation Profitability and Longevity and operation of irrigation systems. The collaboration team is working with Dr Jim Ayars of the United States extends to exchange of visits and publication of a Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Lee Johnson joint authored textbook which exposes the CRC IF of NASA on the development of imagery analysis for to an international audience. The team is working canopy. Through this relationship, CRC IF researchers with researchers in Japan and the US on hydrological have access to new knowledge about thermal models which may be applied locally. Collaboration and satellite imagery. Researcher Ian Goodwin is with researchers in Pakistan, Germany and Italy is collaborating with Professor Hamlyn Jones at the providing the team with outside knowledge and University of Dundee in Scotland to analyse thermal experience in the areas of climate change, water and visual images for detection of water stress. In allocation, water saving and evapotranspiration. doing so he is working towards improved sensing for irrigation scheduling. Markets and Productivity Project Leader Dr Brian Davidson collaborated with Petra Hellegers of The Solute Signatures project is continuing to Wageningen University in The Netherlands to develop collaborate with Dr Philippe Lobit of Universidad economic models, and tested the models in India Michoacana de San Nicolás, Mexico, to develop through Madar Samad of the International Water and test leaching and nitrate managers. Project Management Institute (IWMI). Dr Davidson also Leader Dr Richard Stirzaker collaborated with industry worked with the IWMI and Gayathri Devi Mekala from representatives in South America, Greece and Spain the University of Melbourne on sewerage and water to distribute the Wetting Front Detector internationally recycling issues. and engaged the University of Pretoria in joint projects with the CRC IF’s PhD students. Researcher Jennifer McKay and Ganesh Keremane of the Social, Ian Goodwin collaborated with Brent Clothier from Cultural, Institutional and Policy Frameworks team, Plant and Food Research, New Zealand, on a project received a contribution to their Photostory Book proposal which was submitted to HAL (APAL) on from Professor Shabhaz Khan, the Chief of UNESCO precision fertigation and discussed tools to increase Water and Sustainable Development Section, Paris, nitrogen use efficiency in Europe with Adriano France. Professor Paul Martin collaborated with Battilani from the Consorzio Bonificia CER in Italy. three academics from Penn State University on Tapas Biswas joined forces with stakeholders in USA comparative water law issues, institutional economics to promote international collaboration to combat and transaction costs and engaged scholarship winegrape rootzone salinity. for next generation natural resource governance case studies. Paul further teamed with Dr Jacqueline The Northern Australia Irrigation Futures team was Williams and researchers from Iceland and Italy successful in having the Burdekin included as an to collaborate on the next generation of rural operational HELP basin under the UNESCO HELP landscape governance. program, and hosted a range of international visitors during the year to interact with local stakeholders, The Storage Dam Evaporation Mitigation project including Dr Shabhaz Khan from UNESCO HELP, leader Erik Schmidt has engaged with Belen Gallego France, Dr Ken Knox of URS Corp in Denver, USA, and Associate Professor Alvirez Martinez of the and Professor Roland Schulze from the University of Regional Agency of Science and Technology at the Kwazulu-Natal in South Africa. Murcia Regional Government in Spain to undertake 7. COMMERCIALISATION AND UTILISATION 7.1 Commercialisation and 7.1 Intellectual property utilisation strategies and management activities CRC IF’s commercialisation strategy has lead to The Centre’s IP Register is kept with specialised engagement at many levels, across a broad range IP management software within our project of organisations. Typically the outputs of the CRC IF management system CRCLife. This system allows the have been placed in the context of a service, so that CRC IF’s IP records to be managed and linked to the knowledge which is essential for the success of project and publications databases. The Centre’s a technology can be delivered in a complementary Core Participants have invested significant effort in fashion. Delivery of commercial outputs has been developing a Commercialisation and Trust Deed ongoing, some have been brought closer to market for the Centre’s IP management company IF in the last 12 months, and still others will be launched Technologies Pty Ltd (ACN 112 275 153) (IFT). This into the commercialisation pathway very soon after Deed sets out the arrangements for the proprietary the completion of the research program. company holding IP in trust for the members of the Centre which is an unincorporated joint venture. (IrriMATE partnership with NCEA) CRC IF has worked with existing partners such as Aquatech IFT, as the Centre’s legal entity, holds Centre IP Consulting to provide improvement to existing CRC and Project IP in trust for the Core Participants in IF outputs, and support in the implementation of proportion to their equity in the Centre. The Centre’s such technology. One such example is IPARM, a Governing Board provides directions for IFT to valuable tool for evaluation of surface irrigation. This act as the group’s commercialisation arm. IFT’s IP tool was deployed into the Aquatech network of management practices are consistent with the consultants in 2005 and supported with training by National Principles of IP Management and have a CRC IF researchers. When IPARM was found to be clear intention to improve the outcomes from publicly limited in its ability to deal with sites in the southern funded research where a commercial outcome is Murray darling basin, research was initiated to further appropriate. develop an IrriPROB (2008) into the commercial modelling tool SISCO (2010). SISCO is currently on In 2010 during discussions about CRC windup, offer to that network. This was all based on feedback the core participants decided to also windup IF and interaction with consultants in the field. Technologies Pty Ltd. The process of winding up the company and divesting its IP portfolio (primarily to the CRC IF has worked with State agencies to participants) will be conducted as part of our windup develop and deliver projects which align with strategy by 30th September 2010. Much of the the Centre mission. A significant activity has been non-commercial products of the CRC for Irrigation the demonstration of technology in the Gwydir Futures will be given to the lead industry organisation, Valley, and the associated seminars and training to Irrigation Australia Ltd, for future use to benefit support this. Another series of projects involved the industry, government and the economy. evaluation of surface irrigation in Northern Victoria, and the dissemination of results at various levels. A very successful ongoing activity has been South East Queensland Irrigation Futures which has had many spin-off technologies into the commercialisation pipeline.

To ensure the integrity of the underlying science, it has been desirable to align the technology with a service, and for this reason the concept of the 39 Professional Irrigation Services Network (PrISN) has been promoted. Improvement of irrigation is a sophisticated proposal, in that it interacts with many complex natural systems. The overall desired outcome must be reconciled with scarce data sets and incomplete knowledge. Many irrigation professionals already work in this space, and the CRC IF has provided them with better tools and knowledge. Development of a network is intended to create a critical mass which will ultimately provide a sustainable base of users for the various CRC IF outputs. Table 9. End-user Involvement in CRC Activities End user Type of activity Nature and scale of benefits to end user Actual or expected benefits to end users CRC researcher(s) involved Training Irrigators, Two day Centre Pivot and Lateral The training course was run 8 times to 128 participants. Improved investment decisions and knowledge Deborah Atkins, consultants, Move (CPLM) training delivered by four to integrate and manage the transition from Peter Smith, resellers current licencees. surface to overhead pressurised irrigation Kelvin Montagu systems. Irrigators, Workshop on Dam Management to Workshop run 5 times to 79 participants. Improved knowledge on losses from farm dams Deborah consultants, reduce evaporation and seepage due to evaporation and seepage and methods Atkins, Erik extension losses from irrigation farm dams (NSW, to reduce losses. Schmidt, Maxine officers, water VIC) Schache, Mike authorities Robbins Consultants, MasterClass delivers cutting edge Masterclasses were run four times to 84 participants Better understanding of the concepts, theories Deborah Atkins, Researchers, knowledge, tools and processes to from private and public water sector. and latest research. Insights into the most up to Kelvin Montagu, postgraduate irrigation and water management date methods and management tools. Richard Stirzaker, students, water professionals in; Steve Falivene, professionals • Evapotranspiration Evan Christen, • Solutes David Pezzaniti, • Flow Measurement Jeremy Cape • CP&LM irrigation

Contract Research Irrigators Research and technical support This is the research component of a $23-million dollar 23 GL of water savings per year and reduce salt Mohsin Hafeez. and the using hydrologic and economic investment program in irrigation modernisation aiming interception by between 10 and 20%. Robert Hoogers Coleambally models (NSW). Funded by Australian to improve productivity and reduce environmental Irrigation Co- Government, Department of footprint. operative Environment, Water, Heritage and Arts. Limited (CICL). South East Research and technical support to Improved irrigation water use efficiency, 10% improvement in water use efficiency by Erik Schmidt & Queensland industry development officers in the benchmarking and best management practice. 2009 for SEQIF. Steve Raine industry horticulture, turf, flower, dairy and development nursery industries of SE Queensland officers (Qld). Funded by Queensland Government, Department of Environment and Resource Management. Farmers, Develop and deliver integrated farm Australia has in excess of 2 million farm dams storing Increase the productivity of farm dams through; Deb Atkins, advisers and dam information for irrigation businesses more than 8,000,000 ML of water. Many irrigation A.reducing losses (seepage, draining Erik Schmidt, consultants. to optimise returns from farm dams. enterprises are reliant on water stored in these and evaporation), Kelvin Montagu. Training in using relevant software and dams as either their main water supply or to provide B.highlighting the integrated management g the latest information on farm dam flexibility in managing surface- and ground-waters. during the season management (Vic, NSW, Qld). C.drawing attention to other compatible uses Funded by National Program for (eg. Aquaculture) Sustainable Irrigation. Table 9. End-user Involvement in CRC Activities End user Type of activity Nature and scale of benefits to end user Actual or expected benefits to end users CRC researcher(s) involved Surface Developing and piloting of the Irrimate Currently there are no tools for evaluating the There is the potential for realisable gains in Rod Smith, Bill irrigators and performance evaluation process in bay application efficiency of bay irrigation which irrigation application efficiency of 20%. Williamson modernisation irrigation at a number of sites across the dominants water use in the lower Murray Darling Basin. projects in Goulburn Murray Irrigation District (Vic). the southern Funded by Victorian Government, Murray Darling Northern Victoria Irrigation Renewal Basin. Project Irrigation and Demonstrate a step change through Irrigation practices which allow the real time Preliminary estimates suggest that irrigators Richard Stirzaker agronomic the integration of irrigators’ knowledge management of salinity. run the risk of losses in the order of $125 /Ml by managers. with the understanding of solute not using this type of technology, and that a movement through the profile (solute commercial package could cost as little as signatures) (NSW, Vic, SA). $17 /Ml. The potential pay-offs by using the Funded by National Program for technology are far greater than the cost of the Sustainable Irrigation. technology.

Australian Using the Padthaway district as a Rising rootzone salinity in vineyards drip irrigated with About 50% of Australia’s vineyards are irrigated Michael grape growers case study, this project will produce moderately saline underground water is placing with groundwater. The wine produced in McCarthy in cool climate strategies to adapt (with time) the crop the sustainability of such vineyards at risk. Many those areas has started to exceed the Sodium regions, using production system to the prevailing groundwater basins have been overcommitted due Chloride permissible threshold for export groundwater soil & climatic conditions, groundwater to irrigation expansion and now feature steadily rising markets. The $3 billion wine export is potentially for premium flow & quality regime and irrigation water salinity. Precision (drip) irrigated vineyards at at risk. grape technology to achieve premium wines nearly 100% WUE has the added disadvantage of production that continue to meet world food rapid build-up of root zone salinity. health standards and hence export growth (SA). Funded by National Program for Sustainable Irrigation.

Product development & Commercialisation SunRISE21 and IrriSatSMS – attraction of partner and Access for 80% (national) of irrigators to a robust Anticipated increased production, measured John Hornbuckle, irrigator clients development of commercialisation irrigation scheduling tool. improvements in practice and reductions of Evan Christen, pathway for use of IrriSatSMS water use. Nicholas Car. nationwide. Water Data Smart Water Metering – attraction Sophisticated analysis methods now allow much If the target market is fully exploited (10% by David Pezzaniti Services and of partner and development of more information to be derived from single sources volume of productive water use); irrigator clients commercialisation pathway for use of of measurement. The use of this concept for irrigation a substantial reduction in random errors Smart Water Meter nationwide and in water meters allows much cheaper hardware to associated with valve and system operation, other industries. reveal more to an irrigator about the operation of a more predictable system management, water delivery system. leading to ~10% savings in water and energy overall.

WaterBiz and Pressurised Irrigation Monitoring The testing of pressurised irrigation systems can be CPLM irrigation machines are the fastest Jack McHugh irrigator clients Systems - attraction of partner and simplified and made easier with the use of this tool. growing technology choice (by volume of Steve Rees development of commercialisation PIMS is configured ready to go for sensing flows, productive water use). PIMS greatly increases Troy Symes pathway for use of PIMS nationwide. pressure and movement of machines, all important the ease by which these machines can aspects of auditing performance. be evaluated. Independent evaluation of machines will lead to improvement of efficiency (water and energy) of these machines at the industry scale. 41 Table 9. End-user Involvement in CRC Activities End user Type of activity Nature and scale of benefits to end user Actual or expected benefits to end users CRC researcher(s) involved Irrigator clients WaterSENSE – attraction of a partner WaterSense brings Best Practice to water Increased efficiency of water use. Projected Steve Attard for commercialisation and national management in sugar cane, leading to improved savings accrue to $230M. Geoff Inman- distribution. yields when water is limiting and to reduced water Bamber use when water is not limiting. WaterSense will give the Australian sugar cane industry an advantage over international competitors, and be a key component of management which leads to higher yielding crops and water conservation. An opportunity is to use WaterSense as a component of a functional Land and Water Management Plan. Irrigator clients, Fullstop – Continuing sales via two Manual indicator/control of irrigation events. Passive For the sites (1% by volume of productive Richard Stirzaker, home garden SMEs, on-going technical support, and sampling system for mobile soil water and opportunity water use) which are able to put time into this Steven Falivene knowledge development. for solute (nitrates, salts) management at low cost. technology, it greatly broadens the knowledge of solute management, and leads to practice change. In time that awareness and experience will filter into the wider community. Irrigator clients SoluSampler – Continuing sales via SME. Passive sampling system for immobile soil water and For the sites (1% by volume of productive Tapas Biswas opportunity for solute (nitrates, salts) management at water use) which are able to put time into this low cost. technology, it greatly broadens the knowledge of solute management, and leads to practice change. Managers of WASP – attraction of a partner for Opportunity to use a convenient, transparent and Potentially this tool could have impact on most Bhakti Devi public open commercialisation and national universally accepted methodology for the planning of Irrigated Public Open Space in Australia. The space as distribution. Water-Atmosphere-Soil- and evaluation of irrigation on public open space. anticipated benefit is to directly improve the clients Plant (WASP) The accessibility of science around public open space value derived from each unit of water used in management has been an impediment to adoption these situations. of improved practice. Irrigation Centre Pivot & Lateral Move irrigation This course facilitates the delivery of independent Increased value from on-farm infrastructure Joe Foley, Australia Training – attraction of a partner information about the fastest growing irrigation investment (public and private) David Wigginton Limited and for commercialisation and national technology in Australia. It increases the confidence of irrigator clients distribution. irrigators to adopt new technology. Commercial Monolayer Applicator – preparation for Increase the cost effectiveness of applying Expected impact on the 40% of losses which Gavin Brink, distributors of commercialisation monolayers for the mitigation of evaporation. Provides occur on irrigation storages in Australia each Troy Symes the monolayer a mechanism to apply monolayers only when year. “package” required in certain locations. Commercial Monolayer detector – preparation for Increase the cost effectiveness of applying Expected impact on the 40% of losses which Paul Coop distributors of commercialisation monolayers for the mitigation of evaporation. Provides occur on irrigation storages in Australia each the monolayer a mechanism to sense evaporation in real time, and year. “package” facilitate intelligent application systems.

Irrigator clients Ongoing use of IPARM by commercial Providing objective data on surface irrigation In certain territories there has been substantial Malcolm Gillies of the IrriMATE partner network, for analysis of surface performance, leading to practice change. impact on water efficiency. It is anticipated network irrigation systems that other territories in Australia will also benefit from this technology and its successor, SISCO. Table 9. End-user Involvement in CRC Activities End user Type of activity Nature and scale of benefits to end user Actual or expected benefits to end users CRC researcher(s) involved Irrigator clients Use of Evap Calc by commercial Providing objective data on losses from irrigation Expected impact on the 40% of losses which Nigel Hancock, of the IrriMATE partner network. Analysis of seepage storages, leading to certainty for investment and occur on irrigation storages in Australia each Troy Symes network and evaporation from irrigation practice change. year. Anticipated further 150 analyses, leading storages, 75 commercial evaluations. to substantial practice change, investment and Collaboration by three commercial adoption of evaporation mitigation technology. users to provide feedback and improvement for the program Regional research product uptake Burdekin Water Knowledge Platform and Sustainability The knowledge platform focuses the Lower Burdekin The regional stakeholders have a product Jeff Camkin, Keith Futures (and Framework (Qld) regional water users and managers on practice that can be built upon as research progresses Bristow as capacity change towards a sustainable and resilient future. and monitoring and reporting for sustainability builds, other encourages development of committed Northern practices and stronger use of the principles Australia underpinning the sustainability framework. irrigation regions). Western Facilitate consideration of alternative Identify options for substituting alternative water Whole of regional co-operation, planning and Uni Melbourne, Sydney WISER water sources and the exploration of sources for potable water. implementation of alternative water sources UNE multi- (Water and stormwater harvesting and reuse in discipline System Irrigation Western Sydney (NSW) Harmonisation Strategy teams Enhancement through Regional partnerships) Greening Understanding how an environmental Working with users to create a viable model for Alternative management options for improving Christopher Stone Australia, services framework could b used to delivery of environmental services. the state of peri-urban waterways. & Jacqueline Sydney improve the management of the Williams WSROC and peri-urban South Creek Catchment of South Creek Sydney (NSW). Stakeholders IMacintyre Developing the concepts and Integrated State of Catchment report, ongoing Streamlined sustainability monitoring and Jacqueline Brook Irrigators regional understanding and capacity monitoring of the landscape and an accreditation reporting framework that builds farming Williams Association for a community driven customised system that gives the valley and its irrigation farmers a community resilience while delivering increased agricultural sustainability framework monitored sustainable farming community. TBL outcomes and builds toward a Green Tick (Qld). farm accreditation system. Coleambally Research to support the $23 million Provide integrated data on water demand from Improved matching of water supply and Mohsin Hafeez Irrigation irrigation modernisation program (NSW). irrigators. This provides an additional tool for helping demand. This will reduce the loss of water Cooperative CICL manage water demand. through mismatching of water supply and Limited (CICL) demand and improve the timely delivery of water to irrigators to better meet crop requirements 43 8. COMMUNICATIONS AND MARKETING 8.1 Events ONE WATER MANY FUTURES CONFERENCE & Limited stand provided a high profile distribution EXHIBITION – SYDNEY, NSW point for our reports, brochures and books. Out of the The CRC IF marked the end of its seven year term in Scientist’s Garden author Dr Richard Stirzaker was at June 2010 by co-hosting with Irrigation Australia the the stand to discuss and sign his book. One Water Many Futures Conference and Exhibition at Darling Harbour, Sydney. The conference and The CRC IF’s Professional Irrigation Services Network exhibition provided a great final event to showcase stand displayed new tools and services for which the CRC IF’s work. More than 500 people attended distributing and manufacturing partnerships are the conference and over 120 companies showcased available or for which a consultant network to deliver their products and services at the exhibition, making the services is being developed. These included this the largest irrigation and water management IrriSatSMS, FullStop, Monolayer Applicator, Monolayer event in the southern hemisphere. The CRC IF Detector, PIMS, Smart Watering Meter, WASP and the Knowledge Manager, Dr Kelvin Montagu chaired the CP&LM training package. Three current partners, Sun Conference and Exhibition, Organising Committee Rise 21, Water Data Services and WaterBiz Alliance and the Conference Program Committee, with Peter were co-exhibitors. Smith, CRC IF zone leader, and Dr Keith Bristow, CRC IF program leader, on the program committee. Irrigation Australia and the CRC IF co-hosted a water leaders dinner held at New South Wales Parliament The CRC IF featured strongly on the conference House. The dinner attracted more than 80 leaders program. Plenary presentations were given by from the private and public sector. Dinner speakers CRC IF program leader Dr Keith Bristow, “System included the Hon. Phillip Costa, NSW Minister for Water Harmonisation - Irrigation within a Catchment and Professor Kader Asmal, South African Minister Context” and Board Chair, Peter Hayes, “National for Water in Mandela’s first government. The report Research & Development – why collaborate?” CRC “Future vision and options for irrigation research, IF members presented a further thirty four oral papers development and extension” was released and during the concurrent sessions and twenty three discussed at the dinner. posters. Details of these papers are provided in the Publication section. All our Board members attended and chaired a session.

The conference ended with a Q & A session hosted by CRC IF Board member and award winning journalist, Ticky Fullerton. The panel included Dr Richard Stirzaker, CRC IF project leader; Geoffery Kavanagh, CRC IF Board member; Dr Sandra Postel, Director Global Water Policy Project and National Geographic Society’s first Freshwater Fellow; Murray Smith, CEO North Victoria Irrigation Renewal Project; Senator Bill Heffernan and Mary Harwood, Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts.

The CRC IF also hosted two key social events during the conference. The CRC IF postgraduate student Mark O’ Connell hosted an early career evening. The evening provided a networking opportunity for our postgraduate students and other early career professionals and undergraduates students attending the conference. Mark hosted a panel discussion on varying water careers paths and tips from a distinguished panel featuring Dr Sandra Postel, Director Global Water Policy Project and author; Dr Diana Day, Board member CRC IF and MDBA; Dr John Hornbuckle, CRC IF and CSIRO scientist; and Mr Matthew Shanahan, Consultant with RMCG.

More than 2,700 people attended the Exhibition over the three days. The CRC IF was represented by two stands. A combined CRC IF and Irrigation Australia 45 BURDEKIN WATER FORUM – AYR, QLD WISER COMMUNITY FORUM – PENRITH, NSW System harmonisation, teamwork, collaboration, This year’s Community Forum was held on Saturday, participation and transparency were some of the 7 November 2009 at Penrith City Council. The Forum main themes discussed at the Burdekin Water Forum ‘Who will Care for our Water in Western Sydney: The in North Queensland. The forum held on 15 – 16 Future of River Health, Food Security and Community February 2010, hosted by Burdekin Water Futures, Health’ featured a Question and Answer Session brought together water resource stakeholders from and role playing. Guests included Kevin Rozzoli across the nation to discuss the complex and difficult AM; Kevin Crameri, Penrith Mayor; David Bradbury, challenges being experienced by those involved in Federal Member for Lindsay; Professor Tony Capon, integrated water resources management. Australian National University; Dr Peter Malcolm, Industry & Investment NSW; Maree Abood, Office of CRC IF System Harmonisation Program Leader, Dr the Hawkesbury- Nepean; Colin Berryman, Western Keith Bristow, the driving force behind the forum, Sydney Regional Organisation of Councils (WSROC) was pleased with the outcome of the event and and the CRC IF’s Dr Basant Maheshwari the progress the Burdekin has made in recent times. “The Burdekin catchment is a unique and complex “An excellent forum to raise awareness of the system. It is important that government, industry and complexity of issues involved.” the community work together to take a whole-of- system approach in the management of its water, so that this resource is sustained into the future. Bringing stakeholders together in forums such as the Burdekin Water Forum, is an integral step in increasing knowledge and understanding, and highlighting the importance of working together to achieve the best for the region’s future,” explained Dr Bristow.

LACHLAN SCIENCE FORUM – FORBES, NSW The CRC IF contributed a number of presentations by John Hornbuckle, Belinda Kerridge, Evan Christen and Bill Williamson to the Lachlan Catchment Management Authorities Science Forum at Forbes, NSW. Topics ranged from native animals in degraded rangelands to restoring native fish in the lower Lachlan. There was an emerging understanding that many of the problems being considered are extremely complex in nature and at times counterintuitive, highlighting the importance of good field research.

CRC IF UPDATE – GOONDIWINDI, QLD In Goondiwindi, Qld the CRC IF provided an update on research progress and outputs on a range of CRC IF endeavours. Presenters included Bill Williamson CRC IF, David Wigginton Cotton CRC, John Hornbuckle CRC IF & CSIRO, and Rod Smith CRC IF & NCEA. 8. 2 Newsletter and Website 8. 4 Public presentations The INFLO e-newsletter has played a leading role In 2009-10 the CRC IF hosted or presented at more communicating with a wide range of stakeholders. than 80 events, including conferences, industry Since its inception in 2005 the subscriber base has workshops and seminars, briefings, demonstrations, grown from an initial 150 CRC IF members to over general public information sessions, trade shows 2,100 commercial, government, private, education and field days. Audiences included consultants, and international subscribers. The main form of researchers, students, growers, irrigators, catchment INFLO subscriber recruitment comes from clients management representatives and local council downloading documents from the website. A total bodies. of 2,446 documents were downloaded during the year. This has proven to be an effective method for The CRC IF continues to have a strong presence at capturing and retaining people interested in the CRC industry conferences with a number of researchers IF’s outputs. presenting at the 18th World IMACS Congress and MODSIM09 International Congress on Modelling The CRC IF’s Website is continually updated with and Simulation. ( Cairns, July 2009), the Irrigation new information and features to keep it fresh and Australia Conference “Irrigation Today: Meeting engaging. During the year more than 27,000 unique the Challenge” (Swan Hill, October 2009), the 2009 users viewed over 1.8 million pages. Beyond June CIGR International Symposium, the Australian Society 2010 the website will be maintained in a condensed for Engineering in Agriculture (Brisbane September form through to 2015. 2009), the International Workshop on Evaporation from Reservoirs (Gold Coast (November 2009), the 8.3 Media SEQ Urban Water Security Research Alliance Science Forum (Brisbane August 2009) and a record number The CRC IF uses the industry and mainstream of presenters at the CRC IF’s showcase event, One media to develop and enhance recognition of the Water Many Futures (Sydney June 2010) organisation. Eleven media releases were produced and distributed during the year in association with our The CRC IF has continued to participate in regional partners and placed on the CRC IF website, partner trade shows and field days, such as Fruit Growers sites and the Expert Guide online media portal (www. and APAL Field Day, Shepparton East and Growers expertguide.com.au). The CRC IF makes regular and Service Providers Field Day, Toolamba and have editorial contributions to numerous trade journals, made presentations to community groups such as the including the IREC Farmers’ Newsletter and IAL’s Western Sydney WISER stakeholders, the Macintyre Irrigation Australia Journal. Brook Sustainability Initiative committee, the Northern Gulf and Cape stakeholders and the Cotton Media coverage is tracked by an online media Catchments Cooperative Research Centre. monitoring service. In 2009-10, CRC IF spokespeople and research activities were mentioned or featured CRC IF representatives have taken every opportunity in at least 123 news items in national, regional, to present at industry events including the Deutsche metropolitan and trade media, with 95 print items Bank Earth Week, International Water Week and and 28 television and radio interviews recorded. the 6th International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops (Chile). Internationally, CRC IF members have presented at 22 conferences and seminars in 11 countries.

47 9. PUBLICATIONS Our publications reflect the outputs directly arising 9.2 Refereed journal articles from CRC IF activities (*) and the capacity of the CRC IF. CRC IF authors are highlighted in bold. Burgin, S. Williamson, D. & Maheshwari, B. (2010) Natural spaces in urban landscapes – how do 9.1 Books or book chapters they influence stewardship attitudes and actions of university students? International Journal of Bristow, K. & Stubbs, T. (2010) Reinventing Irrigation Environmental Studies, 67:63–78. Catchments: The System Harmonisation Story. CRC for Irrigation Futures.* Chanan, A. Kandasamy, J. & Simmons, B. (2009) Benefits of local government and university Daniels, C.B., Argue, J.J., Beecham, S., Clark, R.D.S., research alliances, Municipal Engineer, 162: 11-16. Howard, J.R., Jones, D.S., Marks, R., McKay, J.M., Roetman, P.E.J. & Smith, K.E. (2010) Introduction. Chen, Y. , Khan, S. , Paydar, Z. (2010) To retire or In Daniels C.B. (ed) Adelaide: Water of a City. expand? A fuzzy GIS-based spatial multi-criteria Wakefield Press, Adelaide, pp 35-48. evaluation framework for irrigated agriculture. Irrigation and Drainage, 59:174-188.* Daniels, C.B., Argue, J.J., Beecham, S., Clark, R.D.S., Howard, J.R., Jones, D.S., Marks, R., McKay, J.M., Chen, Y. , Yu, J. , Khan, S. (2010) Spatial sensitivity Roetman, P.E.J. & Smith, K.E. (2010) Conclusion. analysis of multi-criteria weights in GIS-based land In Daniels C.B. (ed) Adelaide: Water of a City. suitability evaluation. Environmental Modelling Wakefield Press, Adelaide, pp 561-571. and Software, DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.06.001.*

Hughes and McKay, J.M. (2010) Australia. In de Almeida, B. da Silva, A. Raine, S. & Figueiredo, “Huitema, D. and S. Meijerink (eds.).2010 Water G. (2009) Evaluation of automotive varnish as a policy entrepreneurs. A research companion to coating for density measurements of soil clods. water transitions around the globe, Cheltenham, American Society of Soil Science Journal 73: 49-52. UK: Edward Elgar. George, B. Malano, H. Khan, A. Gaur, A. & Montagu, K.D. (2010) Editor, One Water Many Futures Davidson, B. (2009) Urban water supply strategies Conference Proceedings. Australian Irrigation for Hyderabad, India - Future scenarios. Conference 2010, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* Environmental Modeling & Assessment, 14: 691- 704. McKay, J. M., Keremane, G. B. & Gray, A. (2010). Picturing freshwater justice in rural Australia. CRC Horne, A., Stewardson, M., Freebairn, J., Mcmahon, for Irrigation Futures.* T.A. (2010) Using an economic framework to inform management of environmental entitlements. River McKay, J.M. (2010) Who is responsible for waste Research and Applications, 26: 779-795.* management. In Daniels C.B. (ed) Adelaide: Water of a City. Wakefield Press, Case Study 6, Hellegers, P. & Davidson, B. (2010) Determining the Chapter 12, pp.344. disaggregated economic value of irrigation water in the Musi catchment in India. Agricultural Water Shepheard, M. L. and Martin, P. V. (2010). The political Management. 97: 33-38. discourse of land stewardship, reframed as a statutory duty. In Environmental Discourses in Jackson, T., Khan, S. & Hafeez, M. (2010) A Public and International Law.* comparative analysis of water application and energy consumption at the irrigated field level’, Shepheard, M. L. and Martin, P. V. (2011) The Agricultural Water Management, 97: 1477-1485.* Political Discourse of Stewardship, Reframed as a Statutory Duty. Chapter 3. Iin Kim Rubenstein Lenahan, M. & Bristow, K. (2010) Understanding and Brad Jessup (eds.) Environmental Discourses subsurface solute distributions and salinization in International and Public Law. Cambridge mechanisms in a tropical coastal floodplain University Press.* groundwater system. Journal of Hydrology, 390: Stirzaker, R.J. (2010) Out of the Scientist’s Garden: 131-142.* A story of Water and Food. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. Lowe, L. Webb, J. Nathan, R. Etchells, T. & Malano, H. (2009) Evaporation from water supply reservoirs: An assessment of uncertainty. Journal of Hydrology, 376: 261-274. Malano, H. & Davidson, B. (2009) A framework for Shepheard, M. & Martin, P. (2009) The Multiple assessing the trade-offs between economic meanings and practical problems with making a and environmental uses of water in a river basin. duty of care work for stewardship in Agriculture Irrigation and Drainage, 58: 33-47.* Macquarie Journal of International Comparative and Environmental Law, 6: 191-215.* Marty, P. & Gillet, V. (2009) Gestion de l’eau dans les vignobles du Sud-Est de l’Australie Méridionale. Le Sikandar, P., Bakhsh, A., Arshad, M., Rana, T. Progrès Agricole et Viticole, 9: 217-220. (2010) The use of vertical electrical sounding resistivity method for the location of low salinity McCarthy, A. Hancock, N. & Raine, S. (2010) VARIwise: groundwater for irrigation in Chaj and Rachna a general-purpose adaptive control simulation Doabs. Environmental Earth Sciences, 60: 1113- framework for spatially and temporally varied 1129.* irrigation at sub-field scale. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 70: 117-128.* Stirzaker, R. Biggs, H. & Roux, D. (2010) Requisite Simplicities to negotiate complex ecological McCarthy, C. Hancock, N. & Raine, S. (2009) problems. Ambio DOI 10.1007/s13280-010-0075-7.* Automated internode length measurement of cotton plants under field conditions. Transactions Stirzaker, R. Stevens, J. Annandale, J. & Steyn, J. of the ASABE, 52: 2093-2103.* (2009) Stages in the adoption of a wetting front detector. Irrigation and Drainage, (DOI: 10.1002/ McHugh, A. Tullberg, J. & Freebairn, D. (2009) ird.472).* Controlled traffic farming restores soil structure. Soil & Tillage Research, 104: 64–72. Van der Laan, M. Stirzaker, R. Annandale, J. Bristow, K. & du Preez, C. (2010) Monitoring and Misra, R. Patel, J. Baxi, V. (2010) Reuse potential of modelling draining and resident soil water nitrate laundry greywater for irrigation based on growth, concentrations to estimate leaching losses. water and nutrient use of tomato. Journal of Agricultural Water Management, 97: 1779-1786.* Hydrology, 386: 95-102.* Wang, Q. Chen, H. Li, H. Li, W. Wang, X. McHugh, A. Montagu, K. (2009) Review of Barrie Pittock (2009) Controlled traffic farming with no tillage for ‘Climate Change - the science, impacts and improved fallow water storage and crop yield on solutions.’ Australasian Journal of Environmental the Chinese Loess Plateau. Soil & Tillage Research, Management, 16: 270-271.* 104: 92–97.

Mosse, K., Patti, A. Christen, E. & Cavagnaro, T. (2010) Webb, T. Burgin, S. & Maheshwari, B. (2009) Action Winery wastewater inhibits seed germination and Research for Sustainable Water Futures in Western vegetative growth of common crop species. Sydney: Reaching Beyond Traditional Stakeholder Journal of Hazardous Materials, 180: 63-70.* Engagement to Understand Community Stakeholder Language and Its Implications for Robertson, D. Wang, Q. Malano, H. & Etchells, T. (2009) Action. Systemic Practice and Action Research, A Bayesian network approach to knowledge 22: 1–14.* integration and representation of farm irrigation: 2. Model validation. Water Resources Research, 45: Wei, Y. Davidson, B. & Chen, D. (2009) Balancing the 1-14. economic, social and environmental dimensions of agro-ecosystems: An integrated modelling Robertson, D. Wang, Q. Mcallister, A. Abuzar, M. approach. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Malano, H. & Etchells, T. (2009) A Bayesian 131: 263-273. network approach to knowledge integration and representation of farm irrigation: 3. Spatial Williams, J. (2009) Review of Daniel Connell ‘Water 49 application. Water Resources Research, 45: 1-10. Politics in the Murray Darling Basin’ Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, 16: 48-49.* Schwecke, M. Simmons, B. Maheshwari, B. & Ramsay, G. (2009) Community awareness of the use of alternative water sources for irrigation of golf courses: a case study of a selected site within the Sydney metropolitan area. International Journal of Management and Decision Making, 10: 247-257.*

Schmidt, E. (2009) Reducing evaporation losses. International Water Power and Dam Construction, 61: 38-39.* Brink, G. Wandel, A. Hancock, N. & Pather, S. (2009) 9.3 Conference publications Towards adaptive operational requirements for Ahmad, M. Abbas, A. Xevi, E & Foley, J. (2010) optimal application of evaporation-suppressing Understanding spatial patterns of actual monolayer to reservoirs via a ‘Universal Design evapotranspiration at different crop growth stages Framework’: International Workshop on using Landsat TM imagery: An example from Evaporation from Reservoirs Griffith University, Gold Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area. Australian Irrigation Coast, 9-11 November 2009.* Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* Brink, G. Wandel, A. Pittaway, P. Hancock, N. & Pather, S. (2010) Determining operational Akbar, S. Grewal, H. Maheshwari, B. & Simmons, B. requirements to optimise monolayer performance (2010) Spatial and Temporal Variation in Water on a farm dam via a ‘Universal Design Flows and Contaminants in a Peri-urban Waterway Framework’. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: - A Case Study of South Creek, Western Sydney. One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Australia.* Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* Bristow, K. (2010) System Harmonisation – Irrigation Althaus K.J., McKeering L.M., McHugh A.D. & Raine within a catchment context. Australian Irrigation S.R. (2009) Effect of irrigation management on Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th nitrate movement under a drip irrigated lettuce June, Sydney, Australia.* crop. The 2009 CIGR International Symposium of the Australian Society for Engineering in Agriculture Bristow, K. (2009) Bertrand D. Tanner: A perspective ‘Agricultural Technologies in a Changing Climate’ from Australia. ASA-SSSA-CSSA National Meeting, 13-16 September 2009 Brisbane, Australia.* 1-5 November 2009, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.* Annandale, J. Beletse, Y. Stirzaker, R. Bristow, K. & Aken, M. (2009) Is irrigation with coal-mine Bristow, K. (2009) Investing in our ecological water sustainable? International Mine Water infrastructure to address long-term water security. Conference, 19-23 October 2009, Pretoria, South Irrigation Australia Conference ‘Irrigation Today: Africa. Meeting the Challenge’. 18-20 October 2009 Swan Hill, Australia.* Atkins, D. & Schmidt, E. (2010) Farm Dam Management. Australian Irrigation Conference Bristow, K. Marchant, S. & Camkin, J. (2009) Irrigation 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, – A need for new thinking. Riversymposium 2009, Sydney, Australia.* 21-24 September 2009, Brisbane, Australia.*

Atkinson, I. (2009) Remote Sense ET – Why? Camkin, J. Starkey, G. Bristow, K. Martin, P. Williams, J. Introductory Viewpoint. Irrigation Australia Maheshwari, B. Simmons, B. Malano, H. Davidson, Conference ‘Irrigation Today: Meeting the B. Hafeez, M. & McKay, J. (2010) The role of Challenge’. 18-20 October 2009, Swan Hill, engagement, collaboration and co-learning Australia.* in delivering System Harmonisation. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many Barr, A. Xevi, E. Ahmad, M. Chen, Y. Beuttikofer, H & Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* Kirby, M. (2010) What happens to groundwater recharge in the Coleambally Irrigation Area? Car, N. Christen, E. Hornbuckle, J. & Moore, G. (2010) Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water ET-based irrigation DSS using mobile phones Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* where remote sensing is not applicable. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many Brink, G, Symes, T & Hancock, N (2009) Development Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* of a ‘smart’ monolayer application system for reducing evaporation on farm dams - introductory Christen, E. Mosse, K. Patti, A & Cavagnaro, T. (2010) paper. The 2009 CIGR International Symposium of Irrigation with winery wastewater: Evidence of soil the Australian Society for Engineering in Agriculture microbial population acclimatisation with long- ‘Agricultural Technologies in a Changing Climate’ term application. Australian Irrigation Conference 13-16th September 2009, Brisbane, Australia.* 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* Christen, E. Hornbuckle, J. MacDonald, F. & Meyer, Gardner, T. Gunawardena, T & McGarry, D. (2010) W. (2009) Assessment of the water saving possible Will increased water use efficiency lead to salt by changed irrigation system and management accumulation in the root zone? A comparison for a competitive tendering process. Irrigation of adjacent lateral move and furrow irrigation Australia Conference ‘Irrigation Today: Meeting systems. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: the Challenge’. 18-20 October 2009, Swan Hill, One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* Australia.*

Coop, P. Lamb, D. Fellows, C. & Bradbury, R. Gartley, M. George, B. Davidson, B. Malano, H. & (2010) Wind-assisted surface probe (WASP) Garg, K. (2009) Hydro-economic modelling of the – an automated sensor for the detection of Upper Bhima Catchment, India. The 18th World evaporation reducing monolayers. Australian IMACS Congress and MODSIM09 International Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many Congress on Modelling and Simulation. 13–17 July Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* 2009, Cairns, Australia.

Devi, B. & Langdon, A. (2010) A framework for Gartley, M. Nawarathna, B. Davidson, B. Malano, local councils to strategically select water reuse H. Singh, R & Maheshwari, B. (2009) System projects for irrigation of public opinion spaces. harmonisation framework for water resources Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water planning in peri-urban catchments. The Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia. 18th World IMACS Congress and MODSIM09 International Congress on Modelling and Dassanayake D, Dassanayake K, Malano H, Dunn Simulation. 13–17 July 2009, Cairns, Australia.* G, Douglas PR & Langford K. (2009) Water saving through smarter irrigation in Australian dairy Gartley, M. Reynolds, M. Hirsi, I. Simmons, B. Varua, M. farming: Use of intelligent irrigation controller and Nawarathna, B. Malano, H. & Davidson, B (2010) wireless sensor network. The 18th World IMACS Assessing the economic impacts of allocating Congress and MODSIM09 International Congress water. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: on Modelling and Simulation. 13–17 July 2009, One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Cairns, Australia. Australia.*

Falivene, S. (2009) Soil solution monitoring in Gill, E. Prime, E. & Solomon, D. (2010) Efficacy of Australia: tools and practices. Irrigation Australia selected micro- and mono-layer products on Conference ‘Irrigation Today: Meeting the evaporation. Australian Irrigation Conference Challenge’. 18-20 October 2009 Swan Hill, 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Australia.* Sydney, Australia.*

Falivene, S. (2009) Integrated advanced fertigation Gillet, V. & McKay, J. (2010) Australian water planning of young citrus: first year experience and drip and the evolution towards social sustainability irrigation management tools. Irrigation Australia principles. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: Conference ‘Irrigation Today: Meeting the One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Challenge’. 18-20 October 2009 Swan Hill, Australia.* Australia.* Gillies, M. Smith, R. Williamson, B. & Shanahan, M. Falivene, S. & Connolly, K. (2010) First two years (2010) Improving performance of bay irrigation experience of soil solution monitoring in open through higher flow rates. Australian Irrigation hydroponics and conventionally drip irrigated Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th citrus. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: June, Sydney, Australia.* One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia. Grabham, M. K., Hornbuckle, J. W., Raine, S. R. & 51 Smith, R. J. (2009) Bankless channel irrigation Finger L, Q.J. Wang, D. Chen & H. Malano. (2009) systems: irrigation performance assessment. Soil Moisture and Water Tension Dynamics Irrigation Australia Conference ‘Irrigation Today: During Subsurface Drip Irrigation Cycles on Two Meeting the Challenge’. 18-20 October 2009 Swan Contrasting Soils. 32nd Hydrology Symposium, Hill, Australia.* Newcastle, Australia. Hafeez, M. (2009) How well might remote sensed ET work for irrigation scheduling? Irrigation Australia Conference ‘Irrigation Today: Meeting the Challenge’. 18-20 October 2009 Swan Hill, Australia. Hancock, N. Pittaway, P. & Symes, T. (2009) Towards Jackson, T. Khan, S. & Hafeez, M. (2010) Finding the a biophysical understanding of observed balance: Comparing water, energy and emissions performance of evaporation suppressant films patterns for irrigation in surface and ground water applied to agricultural water storages. The 2009 dependent irrigation regions. Australian Irrigation CIGR International Symposium of the Australian Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th Society for Engineering in Agriculture ‘Agricultural June, Sydney, Australia.* Technologies in a Changing Climate’ 13-16th September 2009 Brisbane, Australia.* Kellett, B. & Meyer, W. (2010) Climate change as irrigator manage: Prescriptions for long term Hancock, N. & Symes, T. (2009) EvapCalc - a modest- landscape and community health. Australian cost technique for real-time measurement of Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many evaporation (and seepage) from farm dams. : Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* International Workshop on Evaporation from Reservoirs. Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia Keremane, G. & McKay, J. (2010) Assessing irrigators 9-11 November 2009.* perspectives on water management issues using photostory. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: Herzig, M. & Barnes, G. (2010) Using emulsions to One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, improve the spreading rates of monolayers to Australia.* reduce water evaporation. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th Kerridge, B. Hornbuckle, J. Christen, E. & Faulkner, June, Sydney, Australia.* R.(2010) Soil surface temperature as a predictor of soil evaporation. Australian Irrigation Conference Herzig, M. Brink, G. & Barnes, G. (2009) Formulations 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, for effective monolayer performance. Sydney, Australia.* International Workshop on Evaporation from Reservoirs, 9-11 November 2009, Gold Coast, Kerridge, B., Hornbuckle, J. Christen, E. & Faulkner, Australia.* R. (2009) A non-intensive method to determine relative soil evaporation. Irrigation Australia Hornbuckle, J. Car, N. Christen, E. Smith, D. Goodwin, Conference ‘Irrigation Today: Meeting the I, Destombes, J & McClymont L (2009) Measuring, Challenge’. 18-20 October 2009 Swan Hill, mapping and communicating the effects of poor Australia.* drip distribution uniformity with satellite remote sensing and web based reporting tools. Irrigation Khan S & Malano H. (2009) Integrated modelling Australia Conference ‘Irrigation Today: Meeting approaches to support water resource decision the Challenge’. 18-20 October 2009 Swan Hill, making: Crossing the chasm. The 18th World Australia.* IMACS Congress and MODSIM09 International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. 13–17 July Hornbuckle, J. Christen, E. Car, N & Smith, D. (2010) 2009, Cairns, Australia.* Convenient and low cost irrigation scheduling – an opportunity for irrigators. Australian Irrigation Latu, K. Malano, H. Costelloe, J. & Etchells, T. (2010) Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th Dynamic and Robust Approach for Estimating of June, Sydney, Australia.* the Environmental Risk of a River Basin. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many Hussain, A. & Raine, S.R (2010) A preliminary Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* evaluation of in-season variations in sprinkler irrigation application patterns. Australian Irrigation Lenahan, M. & Bristow, K. (2010) Redox controls Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th on nitrate (NO3-) mobility in the lower Burdekin June, Sydney, Australia.* coastal groundwater systems. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th Hussain, A., Raine, S.R. & Smith, R.J. (2009) The June, Sydney, Australia. economics of sprinkler irrigation uniformity for lettuce production with variable rainfall. The 2009 Lenahan, M. & Bristow, K. (2009) Cause and CIGR International Symposium of the Australian effect versus false correlations in subsurface Society for Engineering in Agriculture ‘Agricultural hydrochemistry. ASA-SSSA-CSSA National Meeting, Technologies in a Changing Climate’ 13-16th 1-5 November, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.* September 2009 Brisbane, Australia.* Lovell, D. Malano, H. & Costelloe, J. (2009) Conjunctive management of groundwater and surface water resources in the Upper Ovens River Valley. Irrigation Australia Conference ‘Irrigation Today: Meeting the Challenge’. 18-20 October 2009 Swan Hill, Australia.* Lowe, L. Etchells, T. Malano, H. Nathan, R. & Potter, McCarthy, A. Hancock, N. & Raine, S. (2009) B. (2009) Addressing uncertainties in water Exploration of data requirements for adaptive accounting. The 18th World IMACS Congress and control of irrigation scheduling. The 2009 CIGR MODSIM09 International Congress on Modelling International Symposium of the Australian Society and Simulation. 13–17 July 2009, Cairns, Australia.* for Engineering in Agriculture ‘Agricultural Technologies in a Changing Climate’ 13-16th Lowe, L. Vardon, M. Etchells, T. Malano, H. & Nathan, September 2009 Brisbane, Australia. R. (2009) Estimating unmetered stock and domestic water use. The 18th World IMACS McClymont, L. Goodwin, I. Whitfield, D. & O’Connell, Congress and MODSIM09 International Congress M. (2010) Irrigation of apples based on within- on Modelling and Simulation. 13–17 July 2009, block variation in canopy cover. Australian Cairns, Australia. Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* Malano, H. Nawarathna, B. & George, B. (2010) Understanding the water cycle: why is it McClymont, L. Goodwin, I. O’Connell, M. & Whitfield D important? Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: (2009) Optimising water use efficiency – a decision One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, framework for on-farm improvements. Irrigation Australia.* Australia Conference ‘Irrigation Today: Meeting the Challenge’. 18-20 October 2009 Swan Hill, Martin, P. & LeGal E. (2009) Biofuels weeds: Australia.* a risk management approach. Seventh Annual Colloquium of the IUCN Academy of Mekala, G. Davidson, B. & Boland, A. (2009) A Environmental Law, 5 November 2009, Wuhan, Framework for effective resource allocation: a China. case of Melbourne wastewater recycling. The 5th IWA Conference - REUSE09, 23-25 September 2009, Martin, P. & LeGal E. (2010) Implementation oft a Brisbane, Australia.* biofuels risk approach for Australia and Canada. Biofuels Law Meeting of the IUCN Academy of Misra, R. & Smith, R. (2009) Monitoring spatial variation Environmental Law, June 2010, Toronto, Canada.* of soil moisture in crop fields with EM38. Irrigation Australia Conference ‘Irrigation Today: Meeting Martin, P. & Shortle, J. (2010) Understanding the the Challenge’. 18-20 October 2009 Swan Hill, extent to which transaction costs determine Australia.* water market outcomes in Australia and the USA. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Mosse, K. Patti, A. Smernik, R. & Cavagnaro, T, (2010) Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* Long-term application of winery wastewater - Effect on soil microbial populations and soil Martin, P. & Williams, J. (2010) Policy risk assessment chemistry. European Geosciences Union, Vienna, of peri-urban water strategies: a case study of Austria, May, 2010.* Western Sydney. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Nawarathna, B. Malano, H. Maheshwari, B. & Sydney, Australia.* Simmons, B. (2010) Water cycle modelling for system harmonisation in the South Creek Martin, P. Williams, J. Stone, C. & Alter, T (2010) Peri-urban Catchment. Australian Irrigation Learnings for system harmonization: the WISER Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th experience. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: June, Sydney, Australia.* One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* Nawarathna, B. Malano, H. Jackson, T. & Xevi, Martin, P. Williams, J. & Kennedy, A. (2009) Creating E.(2010) Water Cycle Modelling for System next generation rural landscape governance. Harmonisation in the Coleambally Irrigation Area. 53 Seventh Annual Colloquium of the IUCN Academy Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water of Environmental Law, 5 November 2009, Wuhan, Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* China.* North, S. Smith, A. Kelliher, C. Barron, G. (2009) Water McCarthy, A. Hancock, N. & Raine, S. (2010) use and yields under centre pivot irrigation in the Simulation of adaptive site-specific irrigation Southern Riverina. Irrigation Australia Conference control performance with spatially variable ‘Irrigation Today: Meeting the Challenge’. 18-20 rainfall. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: October 2009 Swan Hill, Australia.* One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia. O’Connell, M. Whitfield, .D Abuzar, M. Savige, C. Pittaway, P. Hancock, N. Brink, G. Symes, T. & Sheffield, K. & McAllister, A. (2009) Satellite remote Schmidt, E. (2009) Revisiting artificial monolayers sensing of water use, vegetation cover and crop as a strategy to reduce evaporation loss from coefficients for irrigation land uses in Northern large open water bodies. Urban Water Security Victoria. Irrigation Australia Conference ‘Irrigation Research Alliance Science Forum. August 2009. Today: Meeting the Challenge’. 18-20 October Brisbane, Australia.* 2009 Swan Hill, Australia.* Pittaway, P. & van den Ancker, T. (2010) The impact O’Connell, M. Whitfield, D.Abuzar, M. Savige, C. of water quality on monolayer performance in Sheffield, K. & McAllister, A. (2009) Satellite reducing evaporative loss from water storages. remote sensing of canopy cover and water use Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water in high value perennial horticulture. Irrigation Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* Australia Conference ‘Irrigation Today: Meeting the Challenge’. 18-20 October 2009 Swan Hill, Plunkett, M. Waterson, D & Mheshwari, B. (2010) Australia.* Irrigation training investment: Understanding its role in improving water use efficiency in the O’Connell, M. Whitfield, D. Abuzar, M. Sheffield, K. Hawkesbury Nepean Catchment. Australian McClymont, L. & McAllister, A. (2010) Satellite Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many remote sensing crop water requirement in Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* perennial horticultural crops. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th Qassim, A. Goodwin, I & Stirzaker, R. (2009) Irrigating June, Sydney, Australia.* peach trees using open hydroponics. Irrigation Australia Conference ‘Irrigation Today: Meeting Padhi, J. Misra, R. & Payero, J. (2010) Prospects the Challenge’. 18-20 October 2009 Swan Hill, of using infrared thermography for irrigation Australia.* scheduling of Wheat crop. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th Qassim, A. Goodwin, I. & Bruce, R. (2010) Postharvest June, Sydney, Australia.* deficit irrigation did not affect the following season’s yield and fruit quality in WBC pear. Padhi, J. Payero, J. & Misra, R. (2010) Measuring Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water the effect of water stress on wheat Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* evapotranspiration. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th Reading, L. Lockington, D. Bristow, K. & Baumgartl, June, Sydney, Australia.* T. (2010) Impacts of sodic soil amelioration on hydraulic conductivity and deep drainage in the Pezzaniti, D. (2009) Accuracy of battery powered Lower Burdekin. Australian Irrigation Conference magnetic flow meters. Irrigation Australia 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Conference ‘Irrigation Today: Meeting the Sydney, Australia.* Challenge’. 18-20 October 2009 Swan Hill, Australia.* Reading, L. Lockington, D. Bristow, K & Baumgartl, T (2009) An analysis of the impacts of sodic soil Pezzaniti, D. (2010) Smart metering for improved amelioration on soil hydraulic properties, deep irrigation efficiency practice. Australian Irrigation drainage and groundwater using the HYDRUS Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th model. American Geophysical Union (AGU) June, Sydney, Australia.* National Meetings, 10-15th December 2009, San Francisco, USA.* Pittaway, P. (2010) Water quality performance criteria for monolayer product specifications: Selecting Reading, L. Lockington, D. Bristow, K. & Baumgartl, T. the right product for the job. Australian Irrigation (2009) The effect of irrigation water salinity on the Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th saturated hydraulic conductivity of sodic clay soils. June, Sydney, Australia.* ASA-SSSA-CSSA National Meeting, 1-5 November 2009, Pittsburgh, USA.* Pittaway, P. Herzig, M. van den Ancker, T. & Barnes, G. (2009) Resilience to bacterial degradation Richards, A. Hutson, J. & McCarthy, M. (2010) and biosurfactant disruption as selection criteria Understanding and managing rootzone salinity in for improved artificial monolayer compounds. Langhorne Creek. Australian Irrigation Conference International Workshop on Evaporation from 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Reservoirs. Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia Sydney, Australia.* 9-11 November 2009.* Schache, M. (2010) Coping with reduced irrigation Smith, R. & Baillie, J. (2009) Defining precision irrigation allocations in the Victorian Mallee; past, present – a new approach to irrigation management. and future. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: Irrigation Australia Conference ‘Irrigation Today: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Meeting the Challenge’. 18-20 October 2009 Australia.* Swan Hill, Australia.

Schmidt, E. (2009) Reducing evaporation losses - Stevens, R. & Piit, T. (2010) Sustaining perennial Opportunities for cost effective water savings. horticultural production under supplementary Irrigation Australia Conference ‘Irrigation Today: irrigation drawn from saline groundwater. Meeting the Challenge’. 18-20 October 2009 Swan Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Hill, Australia.* Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.

Schmidt, E. (2010) Collaborative research towards Stirzaker, R. (2010) Searching for Solute Signatures. reducing evaporation losses from water storages. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* Stone, C. (2010) Measuring the community value Schwecke, M. & Simmons, B. (2010) Six Step Process of ecosystem services. Australian Irrigation to identify key concerns for irrigating urban open Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th spaces with alternative water sources. Australian June, Sydney, Australia.* Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* Symes, T. & Brink , G. (2010) A scalable distribution system for the optimal application of evaporation- Shepheard, M. & Martin, P. (2010) “The political suppressant film to farm dams. Australian Irrigation discourse of land and water stewardship, Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th reframed as a statutory duty of care” Australian June, Sydney, Australia.* Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* Symes, T. Hancock, N. & Schmidt, E. (2010) Reliable, modest-cost seepage and evaporation Singh, R. Maheshwari, B. & Simmons, B. (2010) measurement for farm dams using ‘EvapCalc’ Modelling hydrological impacts of water Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water cycle management activities in a peri-urban Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* catchment. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Tan, P. Baldwin, C. & Bowmer, K. (2010) People Australia.* and water planning tools. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th Singh, R. Maheshwari, B. & Malano, H. (2009) June, Sydney, Australia.* Developing a conceptual model for water accounting in peri-urban catchments. The Vahrmeijer, J. Annandale, J. Bristow, K. Steyn, J. 18th World IMACS Congress and MODSIM09 & Holland, M. (2010) Drought as a catalyst for International Congress on Modelling and change: A Case Study of the Steenkoppies Simulation. 13–17 July 2009, Cairns, Australia.* Dolomitic Aquifer. International Drought Symposium, 24-26 March 2010, University of Singh, R. Maheshwari, B. & Malano, H. (2010) California, Riverside, USA. Modelling peri-urban water cycle. Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many van der Laan, M. Stirzaker, R. Annandale, J. Bristow, K. Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* & du Preez, C. (2010) Estimating nitrate leaching losses through the monitoring and modelling of Smith, D. Christen, E. Cutting, M. & Hornbuckle, J. mobile and resident soil water concentrations. 55 (2010) Irrigated crop water requirement in the Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water SA MDB Region. Australian Irrigation Conference Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* 2010: One Water Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* van der Laan, M., Stirzaker, R. Annandale, J. Bristow, K. & du Preez, C. (2010) Estimating leaching Smith, D. Christen, E. Humphreys, E. & Goodwin, D losses from mobile and immobile soil water (2009) Managing stored soil moisture and irrigation nitrate concentrations. South African Combined frequency to benefit irrigated winter cereals. Congress, 18-21 January 2010, Bloemfontein, South Irrigation Australia Conference ‘Irrigation Today: Africa.* Meeting the Challenge’. 18-20 October 2009 Swan Hill, Australia. Walton, B. Nawarathna, B. George, B. & Malano, H. (2009) Future water supply and demand 9.4 Reports assessment in peri-urban catchments using system Baillie, C. (2008) Assessment of Evaporation Losses dynamics approach. The 18th World IMACS and Evaporation Mitigation Technologies for Congress and MODSIM09 International Congress On Farm Water Storages across Australia. CRC on Modelling and Simulation. 13–17 July 2009, for Irrigation Futures Irrigation Matters Series No. Cairns, Australia.* 05/08.*

Watt, J. & Khan, S. (2010) Can we find and measure Davidson, A. Hellegers, P. & Samad, M. (2009) surface-ground water interactions? Australian Assessing the economic impacts of redistributing Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many water within a catchment: A case study of the Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* Musi Catchment in the Krishna Basin in India IWMI Working Paper 134. International Water Webb, M. & Stirzaker, R. (2010) Using water and solute Management Institute. Colombo, Sri Lanka. modelling software as an aid in understanding salt accumulation under irrigated vines. Australian Devasirvatham, V. (2009) A Review of Subsurface Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Many Drip Irrigation in Vegetable Production. CRC for Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* Irrigation Futures Irrigation Matters Series No. 03/09. September 2009.* Whitfield, D. O’Connell, M. Abuzar, M. Savige, C. Sheffield, K. & McAllister, A. (2009) Satellite remote Devi, B. (2009) State of Urban Irrigation Demand sensing of water use, vegetation cover and crop Management - A Review. CRC for Irrigation coefficients for irrigated land uses in northern Futures Irrigation Matters Series No. 02/09.* Victoria. Irrigation Australia Conference ‘Irrigation Today: Meeting the Challenge’. 18-20 October Devi, B. (2009) WASP: A planning and policy tool for 2009 Swan Hill, Australia.* sustainable urban irrigation. Irrigation Australia Journal Winter 2009, 24.* Williams, J. &Arnald, A. (2010) Caring for our soils: lessons for Iceland and Australia. Soils, Climate Eberhard, J. (2010) SEQ Irrigation Futures R&D Support: and the Melting North European JRC Reykjavik, Monitoring Tools. Assessing spatial variability of Iceland June 3rd-4th 2010.* soil and crop. National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication 1003530/06, USQ, Williams, J. & Martin, P. Ecosystem services: a means Toowoomba.* to diffuse political land use decisions in peri-urban regions Ecosystems and Sustainable Development Eberhard, J. (2009) SEQ Irrigation Futures R&D Support: VII 279-291 WIT Transactions on Ecology and the FAQI. EM38 survey at Curramore. National Environment, Vol 122, 2009 WIT Press DOI: 10.2495/ Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication ECO090271.* 1003530/08, USQ, Toowoomba.*

Winter, M. (2010) Predicting the Optimum Time Eberhard, J. (2009) SEQ Irrigation Futures R&D Support: to Apply Monolayers to Irrigation Channels. FAQI. EM38 survey at Palmwoods. National Australian Irrigation Conference 2010: One Water Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication Many Futures, 8-10th June, Sydney, Australia.* 1003530/09, USQ, Toowoomba.*

Yee,M. George, B. Nawarathna, B. Malano, H. & Eberhard, J. (2009) SEQ Irrigation Futures R&D Support: Parthasaradhi, G. (2009) Assessing water security Horticulture. EM38 survey at Placid Hills. National across the Krishna River Basin. The 18th World Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication IMACS Congress and MODSIM09 International 1003530/014, USQ, Toowoomba.* Congress on Modelling and Simulation. 13–17 July 2009, Cairns, Australia.* Evans, R. Holland, G. Schofield, N.Bristow, K. & Crawford, S. (2009) A Science Plan for the Zaman, A. Etchells, T. Malano, H. & Davidson, B. (2009) Sustainable Management of the lower Burdekin Impact of uncertainty in behavioural factors Groundwater System: Summary and Investment on irrigation demands. The 18th World IMACS Prospectus. A SKM, Burdekin Water Futures and NQ Congress and MODSIM09 International Congress Dry Tropics Publication. October 2009. 4 pp.* on Modelling and Simulation. 13–17 July 2009, Cairns, Australia. Evans, R. Holland, G. Schofield, N.Bristow, K. & Crawford, S. (2009) A Science Plan for the Sustainable Management of the lower Burdekin Groundwater System: Groundwater science plan. A SKM, Burdekin Water Futures and NQ Dry Tropics Publication. October 2009. 52 pp.* Ezlit, Y. (2010) Modelling the Change in Conductivity Martin, P. & Williams, J. (2010) Policy Risk Assessment. of Soil Associated with the Application of Saline CRC for Irrigation Futures Technical Report No. –Sodic Water. PhD Thesis, University of Southern 03/10.* Queensland.* Martin, P. Williams, J. Stone, C. & Alter, T. (2010) Ezlit, Y. Smith, R. & Raine, S. (2010) A Review of Salinity Learnings from system harmonisation: the WISER and Sodicity in Irrigation. CRC for Irrigation Futures experience. CRC for Irrigation Futures Technical Irrigation Matters Series No. 01/10.* Report No. 05/10.*

Horne, A. (2009) An Approach to Efficiently Managing McArthur, J. Marchant, S. & Bristow, K. (2010) Nation- Environmental Water Allocations. PhD Thesis, building 2.0: Investing in ecological infrastructure. University of Melbourne.* ECOS Issue 152, Jan 2010, pp. 22-23.*

Hussain, A. (2010) Quantifying the Role of Irrigation McClintock, A. (2010) Investment in Irrigation Uniformity on Lettuce Production and Profitability Technology: Water Use Change, Public Policy and in the Lockyer Valley, Queensland. PhD Thesis, Uncertainty. CRC for Irrigation Futures Technical University of Southern Queensland.* Report No. 01/10. *

Jackson, T. (2009) An appraisal of the on-farm water McHugh, A. (2009) SEQ Irrigation Futures R&D and energy nexus in irrigated agriculture. PhD Support: Monitoring Tools. EM38: Assessing soil Thesis, Charles Sturt University.* spatial variability. National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication 1003530/03, USQ, Kuehne, G. (2009) The influence of values and Toowoomba.* attitudes towards family, land, water, community, lifestyle and profit on farmers’ behaviour. PhD McHugh, A. (2009) SEQ Irrigation Futures R&D Support: Thesis, University of South Australia.* Monitoring Tools. ‘SMART’ Water Metering Data Signature Logger (DSL). National Centre for Laidlaw, M. (2010) Impacts of Water Reallocation in Engineering in Agriculture Publication 1003530/04, the Barwon-Darling Region: A Farm-Level Case USQ, Toowoomba.* Study of Toorale Station. Honours Thesis, University of New England.* McHugh, A. (2009) SEQ Irrigation Futures R&D Support: Monitoring Tools. Normalised Difference Lovell, D. (2009) Conjunctive management of Vegetation Index. National Centre for Engineering groundwater and surface water resources in the in Agriculture Publication 1003530/05, USQ, Upper Ovens River Valley. Masters Thesis, University Toowoomba.* of Melbourne.* McHugh, A. (2010) SEQ Irrigation Futures R&D Support: Maheshwari, B. & Simmons, B. (2009) Regional Nursery. A gravimetric approach to real-time partnerships address water security in Western monitoring of plant available water content in Sydney. Irrigation Australia Journal Spring 2009, 24, container-grown nursery crops. National Centre for No. 3.* Engineering in Agriculture Publication 1003530/17, USQ, Toowoomba.* Malano, H. George, B. Davidson, B. Bharati, L. & Samad, M. (2009) Water Allocation in the Krishna McHugh, A. & Eberhard, J. (2010) SEQ Irrigation Futures River Basin to Improve Water Productivity in R&D Support: Dairy. Irrigation performance. Agriculture. 79 pages & 9 appendices.* National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication 1003530/18, USQ, Toowoomba.* Martin, P. & Werren, K. (2009) Discussion paper: An industry plan for the Victorian environment? McHugh, A. & Eberhard, J. (2010) SEQ Irrigation 57 Report to the Dept of Sustainability and Futures R&D Support: Dairy. EM 38 SURVEY and Environment Victoria. PIMS assessment of a Centre Pivot Irrigator. National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Martin, P. Williams, J. and Kennedy, A. (2009) Risks Publication 1003530/19, USQ, Toowoomba.* and Opportunities in Environmental Property Rights. DEHWRA June 2010. McHugh, A.D. & Eberhard, J. (2010) SEQ Irrigation Futures R&D Support: FAQI. EM38 survey at Martin, P. Williams, J. and Kennedy, A. (2009) Creating Palmwoods. National Centre for Engineering next generation rural landscape governance. in Agriculture Publication 1003530/10, USQ, Report for DAFF Ministerial Office.* Toowoomba.* McHugh, A. & Eberhard, J. (2010) SEQ Irrigation North, S. (2010) Can irrigation water productivity in Futures R&D Support: FAQI. EM38 survey, mixed cropping enterprises in the southern Murray- Anduramba Range, Crows Nest. National Darling Basin be improved without investing in Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication infrastructure? CRC for Irrigation Futures Irrigation 1003530/11, USQ, Toowoomba.* Matters Report No. 03/10.*

McHugh, A. & Eberhard, J. (2010) SEQ Irrigation North, S., Griffin, D. Grabham, M.Gillies, M. (2010) Futures R&D Support: FAQI. EM38 survey, Lake Improving the performance of basin irrigation Perseverance, Crows Nest. National Centre for layouts in the southern Murray-Darling Basin. CRC Engineering in Agriculture Publication 1003530/12, for Irrigation Futures Technical Report No. 09/10.* USQ, Toowoomba.* Pezzaniti, D. (2009) Smart irrigation metering McHugh, A. & Eberhard, J. (2010) SEQ Irrigation Futures technology: identifying the potential benefits and R&D Support: FAQI. Comparative EM38 survey uptake issues. CRC for Irrigation Futures Technical at Curramore. National Centre for Engineering Report No. 04/09.* in Agriculture Publication 1003530/07, USQ, Toowoomba.* Pittaway, P. & van den Ancker, T. (2009) Microbial and environmental implications for use of monolayers McHugh, A. Eberhard, J. & Clarke, J. (2010) SEQ to reduce evaporative loss from water storages. Irrigation Futures R&D Support: Horticulture. System CRC for Irrigation Futures Technical Report No. evaluation at Blackboy Ridge. National Centre for 07/10.* Engineering in Agriculture Publication 1003530/13, USQ, Toowoomba.* Raine, S.R. & McHugh, A.D. (2009) South-East Queensland Irrigation Futures Research McHugh, A. Eberhard, J. & Erol, C. (2009) South- and Development Support Project, Annual East Queensland Irrigation Futures Research Report 2009. National Centre for Engineering and Development Support Project, Progress in Agriculture Publication 1002008/11, USQ, Report 2009. National Centre for Engineering Toowoomba.* in Agriculture Publication, 1003530/02, USQ, Toowoomba.* Shepheard, M. L. (2010) Legal and Social Expectations for a Farmer’s Duty of Care. PhD Thesis, University McHugh, A. Erol, C. & Eberhard, J. (2010) SEQ of New England.* Irrigation Futures R&D Support: Horticulture. System evaluation at Kengoon farming (Centre Shepheard, M. L. (2010) Some legal and social Pivot Irrigation). National Centre for Engineering expectations for a farmers duty of care; a review. in Agriculture Publication 1003530/15, USQ, CRC for Irrigation Futures Irrigation Matters Report Toowoomba.* No. 02/10.*

McHugh, A. Erol, C. & Eberhard, J. (2010) SEQ Singh, R., Maheshwari, B. & Malano, H.M. (2009) Irrigation Futures R&D Support: Horticulture. Understanding the Water Cycle of the South Creek Development of a framework and tools for Catchment in Western Sydney Part II: Catchment packing shed water and energy audits. National Water Balance Modelling. CRC for Irrigation Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication Futures Technical Report No. 05-2/09.* 1003530/16, USQ, Toowoomba* Singh, R. Nawarathna, B. Simmons, B. Maheshwari, Mekala, G. (2010) A Framework for Determining and B. & Malano, H. (2010) Understanding the Water Establishing the Factors that affect Wastewater Cycle of the South Creek, Catchment in Western Treatment and Recycling. PhD Thesis. University of Sydney, Part I: Catchment Description and Melbourne.* Preliminary Water Balance Analysis. CRC for Irrigation Futures Technical Report No 05-1/09.* Mitchell, M. (2009) Can the process of triple bottom line reporting lead to enhanced sustainability? Smith, A. & North, S. (2009) Planning and Managing PhD Thesis, Charles Sturt University.* Centre Pivot and Linear Move Irrigation in the Southern Riverina. CRC for Irrigation Futures Montagu K.D. (2010) Adding value to postgraduate Irrigation Matters Series No. 04/09.* research training: What worked and who benefited? CRC for Irrigation Futures Technical Smith, R.J., Gillies, M.H., Shamahan, M, Campbell, B. Report No. 11/10.* & Williamson, B. (2010) Demonstration of Surface Irrigation Evaluation Technology in the Goulburn Murray Irrigation District. Part 1: Evaluating the Performance of Bay Irrigation. CRC for Irrigation Futures Technical Report No 08-1/10.* Symes, T. Hancock, N. & Schmidt, E. (2009) Estimation of Evaporation using Environmental Measurements for an Open Water Body (Final Report) National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication 1002999/2, USQ Toowoomba*

Symes, T. Pittaway, P. & Schmidt, E. (2009) Evaporation, Temperature and Water Quality Impacts for AquaArmourTM Floating Pods. National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture Publication 1003113/1, USQ Toowoomba*

Van Der Laan, M. (2010) Development, testing and application of a crop nitrogen and phosphorus model to investigate leaching losses at the local scale. PhD Thesis, University of Pretoria.*

Whittenbury, K. & Davidson, P. (2010) An Exploratory study of irrigators’ Decision-making: day-to-day scheduling decision. CRC for Irrigation Futures Technical Report No. 02/10.*

Williams, J., Martin, P, & Stone, C. (2010) Using ecosystem services as a means to diffuse political land use decisions in peri-urban regions. CRC for Irrigation Futures Technical Report No. 06/10.*

Williamson, B. & Smith R. (2010) Desirability of improved flow rates on-farm to support efficiency initiative. CRC for Irrigation Futures Technical Report No. 10/10.*

59 10. NATIONAL RESEARCH PRIORITIES 10.1 National research priority goal highlights

Table 10. National Research Priorities and CRC Research NATIONAL RESEARCH PRIORITIES CRC RESEARCH (%) AN ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE AUSTRALIA – Transforming the way we use our land, water, mineral and energy resources through a better understanding of environmental systems and using new technologies Water – a critical resource 50 Transforming existing industries 20 Overcoming soil loss, salinity and acidity 5 Sustainable use of Australia’s biodiversity 5 Responding to climate change and variability 5 FRONTIER TECHNOLOGIES FOR BUILDING AND TRANSFORMING AUSTRALIAN INDUSTRIES – Stimulating the growth of world-class Australian industries using innovative technologies developed from cutting- edge research Smart information use 10 Promoting an innovation culture and economy 5

WATER – A CRITICAL RESOURCE The System Harmonisation Program established Catchment Scale key regional irrigation partnerships across Australia The System Harmonisation program recognises to ground its work in a range of different irrigation that irrigation is part of a dynamic complex social- situations and issues. System Harmonisation ecological system that requires new approaches researchers are working with these regional based on integrating science, policy, management communities to develop and apply new knowledge, and communities to tools and processes to enhance the resilience of their deliver on long-term sustainability. System interconnected ecological, social and economic Harmonisation is working with regional irrigation systems and their ability to adapt to change. partners to increase profitability and reduce the environmental footprint of improved irrigation Farm Scale systems. The continued low water allocation across the major irrigation regions reinforces the critical roll of water in It is promoting transdisciplinary approaches to producing our food, fibre and lifestyles. The CRC IF develop and implement strategies that improve has maintained its focus on achieving water savings cross-organisational communication, and and improving the productivity of water. transparent, objective decision-making to support irrigation planning and Our storage dam evaporation research has two management within a catchment context. System primary components: monitoring evaporation losses Harmonisation is dealing with the high risk ‘hard stuff’ and developing cost effective solutions to mitigate that everyone says is needed but no one is doing! these losses. This year saw the evaporation and seepage loss evaluation tools developed by the It is working at the interfaces; the socio-economic- research rolled out to assess more than 200 farm ecological, surface water-groundwater, water dams across the northern NSW and southern Qld. In quantity-quality, and land-water interfaces. It Victoria and southern NSW advisors and consultants recognises that the whole is more than the sum of have been trained in the use of these tools. The results the parts, and is dealing with the complexity and from these tools will allow farm dam managers to uncertainty of the catchment system, which includes invest in solutions which economically save water. irrigation.System Harmonisation is also helping organisations and communities question why things The Dam Evaporation Calculator highlights the are being done the way they are, and encouraging potential of monolayer evaporation suppressing new and different approaches to create a better products to reduce losses from farm dams. The future. CRC IF’s research continues to make progress in developing the next generation of monolayer sensing and application technologies. These technologies will increase the effectiveness of current and new monolayer products. SUSTAINABLE USE OF AUSTRALIA’S BIODIVERSITY The Tools for Longevity and Profitability project has The System Harmonisation program is undertaking made major advances in tools for assessing and cost-effectiveness analysis to determine alternative managing irrigation. During the year the CRC IF made ways of providing ecosystem services within a major break through with the development of tools the irrigation systems and to their surrounding and processes for assessing surface irrigation systems environments. This analysis is helping understand common in the dairy industry. This is the first time that pathways to improved water productivity while objectives measures of application efficiency can be achieving environmental dividends by alternative made on bay irrigation systems. These results indicate ways of supplying water or growing a different mix that improvements of 20% are practical. of crops or conjunctive use of surface and ground water. IrriSatSMS fuses a number of technologies, web, satellite imagery and SMS, to help irrigators determine RESPONDING TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND how much water their crop has used and how VARIABILITY long the need to run their pump or drip system. The The CRC IF research focuses on making better service, which delivers the results to the irrigator’s decisions on how irrigation water is used from the mobile phone, has been piloted in the Murrumbidgee farm through to regional and national levels. In Irrigation Area and is now being rolled out to irrigators the past these decisions have been shaped by in the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment of Western climate variability and now increasingly by climate Sydney. change. An example of the research that the CRC IF undertakes which responds directly to climate TRANSFORMING EXISTING INDUSTRIES variability at the paddock scale is the incorporation To date a social cost-benefit analysis for assessing of short-term weather forecasts into decision support the economic water productivity of existing and tools. At the regional scale, the response required future commodities has been developed in our four to climate change is incorporated through the key regions. This method relies on the assumption modelling of the irrigation system. that irrigation schemes were built for the purpose of satisfying the needs of those who use them and The water cycle analysis undertaken by the System that these people have collected interest within a Harmonisation program is analysing change in water region. Users are assumed to have multiple desires supply and demand due to enhanced climate for the application of a limited supply of water. Our variability and climate change. This work in the evaluation is based on the principles associated with four Regional Irrigation Business Partnership regions gross margins to value those elements that can be is helping underpin short and long term water using market prices and a socio-economic trade- infrastructure investments by considering security of off approach to assess those that can not be made water supply and projected water demand under using market principles. different climate and development scenarios.

Our social, cultural, institutional and policy research SMART INFORMATION USE attempts to break new ground in considering how The CRC IF is introducing a range of Smart information to couple behavioural systems to existing and future use to the irrigation industry. This covers such as physical and economic systems, which it is hoped will evapotranspiration estimates across Australia via the result in new approaches to institutional design for SILO patch-point data service, access and presenting Triple Bottom Line outcomes. archival soils information, and incorporation of satellite imagery into irrigation scheduling. OVERCOMING SOIL LOSS, SALINITY AND ACIDITY Our Solute Signatures project focuses on the PROMOTING AN INNOVATION CULTURE AND movement of solutes and water below the root zone ECONOMY as a means of measuring the performance of the We are working with a range of SMEs to promote 61 irrigation system and its management. Two solutes innovation in the irrigation industries through delivery monitoring tools have been developed, SoluSampler of CRC IF products and knowledge. The concept of and FullStop, and are commercially available. The Regional Irrigation Business Partnerships is being trialed project has focused on how information from these in four key regions to develop SMEs for value added monitoring tools can be interpreted to manage salts irrigated agriculture in Australia. and other solutes in the root zone. This information has been delivered through the ongoing CRC IF MasterClass series. Progress against the CRC IF’s performance measures is given in Table 11. (Values in brackets are the 2007/08, 2006/07 and 2005/06 measures, respectively where appropriate). 11. PERFORMANCEMEASURES Table 11. Progress on Performance Measures CRC Programme Objective 1: To enhance the contribution of long-term scientific and technological research and innovation to Australia's sustainable economic and social development CRC IF OBJECTIVE PERFORMANCE MEASURE 2008-09 PROGRESS / ACHIEVEMENT CRC IF Objective 1.1: Develop a strong Documented adoption of Farm Scale scientific basis for a the techniques developed • Range of tools, training packages and processes adopted by industry as outlined in 2.1 & 2.2. suite of management by the Centre as well as and planning tools a reduced environmental Catchment Scale and policy options to impact of irrigation • Burdekin Water Futures developed as a Regional Partner for the implementation of System Harmonisation optimise water use, tools, processes and knowledge. maximise profitability, • Macintyre Brook Irrigators Association established a sustainability initiative to deliver State of the facilitate change, Catchment reporting and an accredited sustainable farming system. enhance the viability • Local Councils evaluated the potential of stormwater harvesting and reuse scheme for the greater of communities and Western Sydney region. to protect soil and water condition • Coleambally Irrigation Cooperative Limited assisted with their modernisation program to improve and the dependent productivity and reduce the environmental footprint of irrigation. ecosystems. Science Basis • 10 book and book chapter (6,1,5,4) • 32 publications in refereed journals (49, 34, 23, 23) • 118 conference papers (39, 99, 50, 62) • 62 reports (51, 69, 42, 48)

CRC IF Objective 1.2: Through scientific Increased use of recycled • A comprehensive approach to the use and management of low quality (high salt) water from root zone to understanding of and lower quality water in whole of catchment. irrigating with water irrigation accompanied by • Development of operation guidelines completed for horticultural industry. of varying quality environmental safeguards in various locations, and operating guidelines • Evaluations of community perceptions relating to food safety and the long-term sustainability undertaken develop opportunities at a number of locations in both rural and urban environments. for economic use • Development of the Western Sydney WISER regional partnership to deliver the science required to and re-use of water understand and base the future water decisions in this growth area. within sustainability • Solutes MasterClass delivered to increase understanding on measuring and managing solutes associated constraints. with the use of recycled water. • New solute monitoring tools developed to better manage the solutes associated with the use of recycled water. Table 11. Progress on Performance Measures CRC Programme Objective 2: To enhance the transfer of research outputs into commercial or other outcomes of economic, environmental or social benefit to Australia CRC IF Objective 2.1: Develop and promote Recorded uptake of new • National Centre Pivot & Lateral Move irrigation course licensed to four providers for delivery and further new technologies, and existing irrigation development beyond the life of the CRC IF. methods, and systems technologies by irrigators. • Development of the Professional Irrigation Service Network for the commercialisation and distribution of for the irrigation sector Increased use of objective outputs beyond the life of the CRC IF. and systematic water scheduling, together with • Use of Evapcal software to estimate seepage and evaporation losses across more than 200 farm dams. improved volumetric water • Use of Irrimate products for the evaluation and improvement of surface irrigation. measurement • SoluSampler and FullStop, for soil solution monitoring and management and irrigation scheduling, licensed to suppliers. • IrriSatSMS irrigation management utilised Griffith, Hawkesbury Nepean catchment & Gwydir. Partnership with SunRise 21 for ongoing delivery. • Industry Development Officers in SE Queensland supported in the application and use of water saving tools. • Decision support systems being used including Dam Evaporation Calculator, SILO ET, OVERrSched visualisation tool, WASP, Soil mapping tool and WaterSense • Flow Measurement MasterClass developed and delivered to improve water measurement.

CRC IF Objective 2.2: Encourage and Successful record of using • 2 contract research projects undertaken to the value of $435,452(5-$532,884, 9-$1,707,347, 6-$383,402, 3- develop excellent seminars, workshops and $235,124). communication and a range of information • 22 training events contributed to by CRC members or delivered under licence (29, 34, 7, 4). networking within the distribution channels irrigation research to inform the irrigation • 17 workshops and conferences organised by CRC members (11, 16,10, 4). community, and community. All sectors of • See also 4.2 between researchers the industry contributing to and the industry research, development and education priorities CRC Programme Objective 3: To enhance the value to Australia of graduate researchers CRC IF Objective 3.1: Devise and implement Courses developed and • Evapotranspiration, Solute Signatures, CP&LM and Flow Measurement MasterClasses developed and education and training graduates employed in delivered. programs that produce Australia and internationally • 32 postgraduate students employed in irrigation industry. high quality researchers whose services are demanded by industry. CRC IF Objective 3.2: Produce graduates Contribution of centre • 54 postgraduate students (14 in course, 7 submitted, 33 graduated.) who can contribute graduates recognised • 8 Honours students (8 completions). not only to research by the industry with fifty but to developing the postgraduates completing capacity of the whole courses over the life of the irrigation industry CRC Table 11. Progress on Performance Measures CRC IF Objective 3.2: Produce graduates Contribution of centre • 54 postgraduate students (14 in course, 7 submitted, 33 graduated.) who can contribute graduates recognised • 8 Honours students (8 completions). not only to research by the industry with fifty but to developing the postgraduates completing capacity of the whole courses over the life of the irrigation industry CRC CRC Programme Objective 4: To enhance collaboration among researchers, between researchers and industry or other users, and to improve efficiency in the use of intellectual and other research resources CRC IF Objective 4.1: High level and Strong track record • 100% of projects with 2 or more partners. creative collaboration of collaboration on • 49% of publications with non-CRC IF authors (53, 47, 54, 55%). amongst the core CRC projects between partners of the CRC all participants and • 504 delegates attended the One Water Many Futures conference and 2,760 attend the Exhibition, and the involvement, the industry with an (previous years give attendance at the CRC IF’s Annual Research Forum 155,144, 122, 110). where appropriate, of ongoing commitment to scientists from outside collaboration after the life of of the CRC the CRC CRC IF Objective 4.2: High level and creative Involvement of the broad • 12,116 subscribers to the CRC IF’s e-Newsletter (1,741, 1,424, 1,271, 766). collaboration and irrigation community in • 190,154 visits to the CRC IF website (137,000, 203,791, 143,350, 52,280). communication CRC activities, including with all clients all aspects of research • Eight specific websites and stakeholders from priority setting to • www.cottonandgrains.irrigationfutures.org.au including the broader implementation of results in • www.seq.irrigationfutures.org.au community the field • www.clw.csiro.au/naif • www.fullstop.com.au • www.farmdammanagement.ncea.biz • www.irrigateway.net • www.irrimate.com.au • www.macbrook.com.au • 2,446 documents downloaded (2,409, 1,588, 2,154, 1,040), • 123 media contributions (155, 101, 81, 37). • 183 public presentations (143, 163, 124, 125) 12. FINANCIAL INFORMATION 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -48 272 333 816 768 100 121 257 122 357 -203 -243 -446 Diff 3,044 3,316 2,333 2,666 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 638 771 292 349 641 1,273 2,218 2,874 3,491 4,528 3,553 6,427 5,686 1,994 2,902 4,896 1,409 10,214 Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 89 Totals for 7 years Totals 738 106 195 1,545 5,262 2,826 6,807 4,861 4,369 6,815 8,019 1,995 3,023 1,028 5,018 1,766 12,880 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -48 272 333 816 768 100 121 257 122 357 -203 -243 -446 3,044 3,316 2,333 2,666 Diff 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 638 771 292 349 641 1,273 2,218 2,874 3,491 4,528 3,553 6,427 5,686 1,994 2,902 4,896 1,409 10,214 Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 89 Totals to 2009-10 Totals 738 106 195 1,545 5,262 2,826 6,807 4,861 4,369 7,195 8,019 1,995 3,023 1,028 5,018 1,766 12,880 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 66 80 60 72 231 402 512 633 621 616 780 276 403 679 146 132 1,128 1,401 Agr'mt Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 66 2009-10 323 584 432 924 237 435 137 672 203 1,610 1,933 1,508 1,021 1,453 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 66 80 60 72 231 402 512 633 621 616 780 276 403 679 146 132 1,128 1,401 Agr'mt Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 88 2008-09 316 552 892 235 414 161 649 249 1,345 1,661 1,052 1,444 1,745 2,797 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 66 80 60 72 231 402 512 633 621 616 780 276 403 679 146 132 1,128 1,401 Agr'mt Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2007-08 231 984 574 396 867 350 107 672 154 261 1,215 1,441 1,177 1,573 1,022 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 66 80 60 72 Financial Information - Table 1 Financial Information - Table 231 402 512 633 621 616 780 276 403 679 146 132 1,128 1,401 Agr'mt Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 45 82 2006-07 326 713 290 937 597 887 283 103 212 125 495 228 1,039 1,510 2,447 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Actual 23 27 50 226 394 252 620 702 348 600 881 464 162 701 195 357 1,583 1,165 Agr'mt Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 27 50 2005-06 226 394 252 620 702 348 600 881 464 162 701 195 357 1,583 1,165 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 13 25 106 185 229 291 703 324 553 883 154 127 193 153 347 280

1,586 65 Agr'mt Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 13 25 s 2004-05 106 185 229 291 703 324 553 883 154 127 193 153 347 280 1,586 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 31 48 85 17 21 38 345 639 417 762 802 272 396 103 668 188 1,441 Agr'mt Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 31 48 85 17 21 38 2003-04 345 639 417 762 802 272 396 103 668 188 1,441 Actual CORE PARTICIPANTS Charles Sturt University Salaries In-kind contributions (dollars in $’000) Other Capital Total Other NSW Department of Primary Industrie Salaries Total Capital CSIRO Salaries Other Capital Total Other Qld Department of Environment and Resource Management and Resource Qld Department of Environment Salaries Total South Australian Research and Development Institute South Australian Research Salaries Capital Capital Other Other Total Total Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation Department of Water, Salaries Goulburn-Murray Water Salaries Capital Capital Other Total Other Total Land and Water Australia Land and Water Salaries Capital Financial Information - Table 1 In-kind contributions (dollars in $’000) Actual Totals to 2009-10 Totals for 7 years 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Diff Actual Agr'mt Diff

CORE PARTICIPANTS continued Sunwater Salaries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Capital 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 University of New England Salaries 0 0 43 43 144 144 241 119 233 119 207 108 136 73 1,004 606 398 1,004 606 398 Capital 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other 0 0 64 64 218 218 407 158 606 158 410 144 219 97 1,924 839 1,085 1,924 839 1,085 Total 0 0 107 107 362 362 648 277 839 277 617 252 355 170 2,928 1,445 1,483 2,928 1,445 1,483 University of Melbourne Salaries 39 39 82 82 136 136 196 102 112 102 134 102 113 102 812 665 147 812 665 147 Capital 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other 53 53 113 113 186 186 244 139 293 139 364 139 310 139 1,563 908 655 1,563 908 655 Total 92 92 195 195 322 322 440 241 405 241 498 241 423 241 2,375 1,573 802 2,375 1,573 802 University of South Australia Salaries 32 32 183 183 158 158 261 143 199 143 155 143 75 143 1,063 945 118 1,063 945 118 Capital 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other 31 31 179 179 154 154 277 189 257 189 426 189 122 189 1,446 1,120 326 1,446 1,120 326 Total 63 63 362 362 312 312 538 332 456 332 581 332 197 332 2,509 2,065 444 2,509 2,065 444 University of Southern Queensland Salaries 316 316 154 154 300 300 377 268 345 268 448 268 435 268 2,375 3,058 -683 2,375 3,058 -683 Capital 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other 419 419 824 824 891 891 973 1,063 1,144 1,063 1,326 1,063 1,318 1,063 6,895 5,170 1,725 6,895 5,170 1,725 Total 735 735 978 978 1,191 1,191 1,350 1,331 1,489 1,331 1,774 1,331 1,753 1,331 9,270 8,228 1,042 9,270 8,228 1,042 University of Western Sydney Salaries 33 33 222 222 288 288 320 338 375 338 246 338 246 338 1,730 1,895 -165 1,730 1,895 -165 Capital 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other 45 45 374 374 534 534 1,079 465 1,031 465 1,049 465 898 465 5,010 2,813 2,197 5,010 2,813 2,197 Total 78 78 596 596 822 822 1,399 803 1,406 803 1,295 803 1,144 803 6,740 4,708 2,032 6,740 4,708 2,032 Vic Department of Primary Industries Salaries 465 465 476 476 454 454 320 228 159 228 192 228 239 228 2,305 2,307 -2 2,305 2,307 -2 Capital 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other 721 721 735 735 702 702 633 353 430 353 409 353 370 353 4,000 3,570 430 4,000 3,570 430 Total 1,186 1,186 1,211 1,211 1,156 1,156 953 581 589 581 601 581 609 581 6,305 5,877 428 6,305 5,877 428 Total in-kind from core participants Salaries 2,260 2,260 2,491 2,491 3,309 3,309 3,691 2,964 3,081 2,964 3,625 2,953 2,886 2,918 21,343 21,075 268 21,343 21,075 268 Capital 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other 3,039 3,039 4,040 4,040 5,231 5,231 6,815 4,720 7,615 4,720 8,541 4,706 7,364 4,659 42,645 29,899 12,746 42,645 29,899 12,746 Total 5,299 5,299 6,531 6,531 8,540 8,540 10,506 7,684 10,696 7,684 12,166 7,659 10,250 7,577 63,988 50,974 13,014 63,988 50,974 13,014 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 -1 -6 49 43 90 -58 -59 216 222 129 219 -284 -360 -644 Diff 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 54 96 402 510 912 262 487 749 150 Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 90 90 Totals for 7 years Totals 216 222 118 150 268 261 103 429 690 193 129 219 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 -1 -6 49 43 90 -58 -59 216 222 129 219 -284 -360 -644 Diff 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 54 96 402 510 912 262 487 749 150 Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 90 90 Totals to 2009-10 Totals 216 222 118 150 268 261 103 429 690 193 129 219 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 71 90 54 18 32 50 161 100 154 Agr'mt Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 48 49 33 27 61 24 94 51 2009-10 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 71 90 54 18 32 50 161 100 154 Agr'mt Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 44 28 83 25 53 90 2008-09 168 173 127 129 219 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 71 90 54 18 32 50 161 100 154 Agr'mt Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 68 24 21 45 2007-08 128 196 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 71 90 53 Financial Information - Table 1 Financial Information - Table 161 100 153 Agr'mt Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 69 24 70 20 44 2006-07 139 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 95 27 51 78 Actual 170 Agr'mt Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 95 27 51 78 2005-06 170 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 43 55 20 98 36 56 67 Agr'mt Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 43 55 20 98 36 56 2004-05 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Agr'mt Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2003-04 Actual SUPPORTING PARTICIPANTS Aquatech Consulting Pty Ltd Salaries In-kind contributions (dollars in $’000) Other Capital Total Murrumbidgee Irrigation Salaries Other Capital Total Other BSES Ltd Salaries Capital Total Other University of Queensland Salaries Total Irrigation Australian Limited Salaries Capital Capital Other Other Total Total Measurement Engineering Australia Measurement Salaries Capital Other Total Murray Irrigation Ltd Salaries Capital Financial Information - Table 1 In-kind contributions (dollars in $’000) Actual Totals to 2009-10 Totals for 7 years 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Diff Actual/ Agr'mt Diff Proj Other in-kind non-participants

Salaries 0 0 0 0 0 0 99 0 95 0 23 0 27 0 244 0 244 244 0 244 Capital 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 134 0 109 0 30 0 36 0 309 0 309 309 0 309 Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 233 0 204 0 53 0 63 0 553 0 553 553 0 553 Total in-kind contributions Salaries 2,260 2,260 2,554 2,554 3,411 3,411 3,883 3,088 3,268 3,107 3,815 3,096 2,947 3,365 22,165 21,793 372 22,165 21,793 372 Capital 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other 3,039 3,039 4,131 4,131 5,377 5,377 7,039 4,910 7,873 4,942 8,976 4,928 7,533 4,577 43,968 30,992 12,976 43,968 30,992 12,976 Grand total 5,299 5,299 6,685 6,685 8,788 8,788 10,922 7,998 11,141 8,049 12,791 8,024 10,507 7,942 66,133 52,785 13,348 66,133 52,785 13,348 in-kind (T1)

NOTES

For 2009-10 financial year As detailed in the notes to Table 2 “Cash Contributions”, Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management (previously Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Water) has made extra cash contributions of $200k in substitution for in-kind contributions.

For 2008-09 financial year As detailed in the notes to Table 2 “Cash Contributions”, Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management (previously Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Water) has made extra cash contributions of $213k in substitution for in-kind contributions.

For 2007-08 financial year As detailed in the notes to Table 2 “Cash Contributions”, Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Water has made extra cash contributions of $421k in substitution of in-kind contributions. This has been approved by the Governing Board and the Commonwealth in accordance with Clause 22.3 of the Centre Agreement. The University of New England has been a Core Participant of the CRCIF since 1 January 2005 and therefore their 2003-04 Actual and Agreement contributions are recorded above as zero. Also, the columns headed “Totals for 7 years” relate to the UNE’s 5.5 years of active membership throughout the Funding Period.

For 2006-07 financial year The CRCIF received in-kind contributions for the year 2006-07 year to the value of $10.9 million. This outstanding contribution exceeded budgets but is consistent with prior plans to reach peak research activity in Year 4. Forward estimates are consistent with the latest Commonwealth Agreement Variation and will provide ample capacity to deliver on the Centre’s objectives.

Table 1 in-kind contributions from Core Participants for the first three years of the CRC account for 104% of the Commonwealth Agreement value. This improvement from the second year annual For 2005-06 financial year report is largely attributable to the 2005-06 total in-kind contribution of $8,788 which is 98% of the 2005-06 forecast value published in the 2004-05 report. The projected in-kind contribution for the 7 years has been increased from $49,012k (2005 forecast) to $50,209k. This compares favourably to the Commonwealth Agreement total of $47,286k and is being actively managed between the CRC Management Team and the Participants. Core Participants making contributions significantly above the Commonwealth Agreement for the 2005-06 year include: Qld DNRMW due to adjustments from prior years and USQ & UWS through whom Head Office staff are seconded and contribute organisational overheads as additional in-kind.

Table 1 in-kind contributions from Core Participants for the first two years of the CRC account for 94% of the Commonwealth Agreement value. Percentage contributions vary across participants For 2004-05 financial year and all participants are to be notified of their surplus/shortfall. The Grand Total for in-kind for the first two years of the CRC is 91% of the Commonwealth Agreement value. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 79 -98 -72 934 972 229 934 -165 -335 Diff 1,280 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72 29 350 700 175 256 700 200 503 700 413 210 350 199 587 1,750 1,000 1,693 6,373 2,508 Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 77 91 29 Totals for 7 years Totals 350 700 200 168 700 413 210 350 278 816 1,750 1,000 1,634 2,655 7,307 3,788 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 79 -98 -72 934 972 229 934 -165 -335 Diff 1,280 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72 29 350 700 175 256 700 200 503 700 413 210 350 199 587 1,750 1,000 1,693 6,373 2,508 Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 77 91 29 Totals to 2009-10 Totals 350 700 200 168 700 413 210 350 278 816 1,750 1,000 1,634 2,655 7,307 3,788 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 40 18 50 75 30 50 33 15 100 250 100 108 100 220 755 268 Agr'mt Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 46 46 75 30 50 62 57 100 250 300 100 843 955 2009-10 962 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 45 18 50 75 30 50 33 25 100 250 100 113 100 300 755 358 Agr'mt Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 31 31 75 30 50 60 2008-09 100 250 313 100 816 106 968 982 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 45 18 50 75 30 50 49 50 100 250 100 113 100 300 755 399 Agr'mt Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 10 10 75 30 50 81 2007-08 100 250 421 100 210 158 449 1,076 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 45 18 25 88 75 30 50 51 100 250 100 100 342 178 755 571 Agr'mt Agr'mt Financial Information - Table 2 Financial Information - Table 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 75 30 50 42 2006-07 100 250 300 100 265 176 955 483 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 28 30 50 33 Actual 100 250 100 100 113 368 159 793 588 Agr'mt Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 28 30 50 33 2005-06 100 250 100 100 113 368 159 793 588 Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 78 78 30 50 100 250 500 100 100 134 143 1,180 Agr'mt Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 78 78 30 50 2004-05 100 250 500 100 100 134 143 1,180

Actual 69 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 30 50 26 100 250 500 100 200 100 155 181 1,380 Agr'mt Agr'mt 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 30 50 26 2003-04 100 250 500 100 200 100 155 181 1,380 Actual CORE PARTICIPANTS CSU Cash contribution (dollars in $’000) CSIRO Measurement Measurement Engineering Australia * SARDI Murray Irrigation Ltd ** G-MW Murrumbidgee Irrigation Ltd LWA NSW DPI Irrigation Australia Ltd UQ * Qld DERM Total cash from cash from Total supporting participants DWLBC ** Sunwater OTHER CASH Non-participants UNE UniMelb External grants UniSA Contract research USQ Commercialisation UWS Education Vic DPI Interest Total cash from core core cash from Total participants New from exisiting New from starting cash SUPPORTING PARTICIPANTS Aquatech Consulting Pty Ltd Total other cash Total CRC GRANT BSES Financial Information - Table 2 Cash contribution (dollars in $’000) Actual Totals to 2009-10 Totals for 7 years 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Actual Agr'mt Diff Actual Agr'mt Diff Total grant 979 979 2,407 2,407 2,614 2,614 3,162 3,162 2,696 2,696 2,574 2,574 1,568 1,568 16,000 16,000 0 16,000 16,000 0 Grand totals Total CRC cash 2,543 2,543 3,808 3,808 3,995 3,995 4,600 4,576 4,231 3,963 4,555 3,800 3,531 2,699 27,263 25,384 1,879 27,263 25,384 1,879 contribution (T2) Cash carried over from 0 0 1,945 0 2,703 0 3,152 0 2,045 0 1,699 0 1,460 0 1,460 0 0 1,460 0 0 previous year (UB for previous year) (less) Unspent balance 1,945 0 2,703 0 3,152 0 2,045 0 1,699 0 1,460 0 909 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (UB) Total cash expenditure 598 2,543 3,050 3,808 3,546 3,995 5,707 4,576 4,577 3,963 4,794 3,800 4,082 2,699 27,814 25,384 1,879 27,263 25,384 1,879 (T3) Allocation of cash expenditure between heads of expenditure Salaries 186 186 942 942 1,745 1,745 2,872 3,118 2,865 3,354 2,595 2,349 2,219 1,625 13,424 13,319 105 13,424 13,319 105 Capital 74 74 0 0 34 34 28 30 0 0 29 60 0 0 165 198 -33 165 198 -33 Other 338 338 2,108 2,108 1,767 1,767 2,807 2,687 1,712 2,002 2,170 1,564 1,863 1,401 12,765 11,867 898 12,765 11,867 898 Total 598 598 3,050 3,050 3,546 3,546 5,707 5,835 4,577 5,356 4,794 3,973 4,082 3,026 26,354 25,384 970 26,354 25,384 970 * Organisations who made cash contributions in the 2004 and 2005 financial years to the CRCIF through Land and Water Australia ** Organisations who made cash contributions in the 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 financial years to the CRCIF through Land and Water Australia

NOTES For 2009-10 financial year The Cash Contribution of $300k by Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management (previously Department of Natural Resources and Water) is $200k greater than required under the Commonwealth Agreement. This extra contribution has been provided in substitution of in-kind contributions and approved by the Governing Board and the Commonwealth in accordance with Clause 22.3 of the Centre Agreement.

The Cash Contribution of $313k by Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management (previously Department of Natural Resources and Water) is $213k greater than required For 2008-09 financial year under the Commonwealth Agreement. This extra contribution has been provided in substitution of in-kind contributions and approved by the Governing Board and the Commonwealth in accordance with Clause 22.3 of the Centre Agreement.

For 2007-08 financial year The Cash Contribution of $421k by Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Water is $321k greater than required under the Commonwealth Agreement. This extra contribution has been provided in substitution of in-kind contributions and approved by the Governing Board and the Commonwealth in accordance with Clause 22.3 of the Centre Agreement.

Revenue: Core Participants continue to contribute cash resources to the CRCIF in line with the Commonwealth Agreement’s Budget. Supporting Participants’ cash contributions have been less than For 2006-07 financial year planned. Management are confident that the Supporting Parties cash contributions will improve in the near future as their involvement with the CRCIF develops. Contract Research activities have brought substantial funds into the CRCIF for additional work which is strongly aligned to the CRCIF Activities and Mission. Expenditure: 2006-07 was planned to be and has been an intensive year for the Centre in terms of activity. Cash expenditure of $5.7 million is over 60% greater than the previous year and over 85% greater than the year before that. Cash on Hand: Cash on hand at the end of the 2006-07 year was only $152k greater than budgeted(CommAg) as a result of the Centre’s intensive research program which is now fully engaged.

Table 2: The total cash revenue for the 2005-06 year was $39k greater than the CommAg which was achieved by a direct substitution between Revenues from Supporting Participants and Other For 2005-06 financial year Cash. Life to date total cash revenue is $260k under CommAg while the planned total cash revenue for the life of the CRC exceeds the CommAg by $1,398k. The CRC’s management team have specifically targetted securing additional revenue as a pillar of the next research phase. Total cash expenditure was $410k under CommAg for the year and is now $3,412k under CommAg life to date. This position was previously advised to DEST as a planned outcome of our research program. Expenditure levels ramp up in 2006-07 and the CRC’s unspent cash balance will return to conformity with DEST covenants during the year. Cash levels will henceforth remain within DEST covenants. The planned allocation for cash expenditure between heads of expenditure for the life of the CRC aligns to the 60:40 ratio between salaries and other costs. Cash contributions to the CRCIF from SunWater and Goulburn-Murray Rural Water in the 2006 financial year were routed through Land and Water Australia.

Table 2 The shortfalls in revenue from Core Participants and Other Cash for the first two years are largely attributable to timing issues. The shortfall in cash expenditure over this period is a significant For 2004-05 financial year $3.0 million. The Governing Board wishes to provide a clear statement that this shortfall is a planned outcome of reviewing our research plan and placing heavy emphasis on the delivery of research over the final four years of the CRC’s life. Table 3 The shortfall in cash and in-kind expenditure over the first two years of the CRC’s life is $4,251,000. This shortfall is a planned outcome in line with the aim to ramp up for the major research activities of Research Plan Mark Two (RP2). It also maintains a healthy ratio between Salaries and Other Costs of 62:38. The CRC’s research program is specifically crafted around this expenditure profile.

-33

970

477

Diff

13,348

14,318

13,874 14,318

198

52,785 25,384 78,169

35,112 42,859 78,169

Agr'mt

Totals for 7 years Totals

165

66,133 26,354 92,487

35,589 56,733 92,487

Actual

-33

970

477

Diff

13,348

14,318

13,874 14,318

198

52,785 25,384 78,169

35,112 42,859 78,169

Agr'mt

Totals to 2009-10 Totals

165

66,133 26,354 92,487

35,589 56,733 92,487

Actual

0

7,942 2,699

4,990 5,978

10,641

10,968

Agr'mt Agr'mt

0

2009-10

4,082

5,193 9,396

10,507

14,589

14,589

Actual

60

8,024 3,800

5,445 6,492

11,824

11,997

Agr'mt Agr'mt

29

2008-09

4,794

6,410 1.1 2.5 3.6 2.7

12,791

17,585

11,146 17,585 22.2 32.1

Actual

0

8,049 3,963

6,461 6,944

12,012

13,405

Agr'mt Agr'mt (FTE) [2]

0

2007-08 Cash funded staff

4,577

6,133 9,585

11,141

15,718

15,718

Actual 2.3 0.0 1.4 0.3 19.5 23.5

30

7,998 4,576

6,206 7,597

12,574

13,833

Agr'mt Agr'mt

Financial Information - Table 3Financial Information - Table (FTE) [2]

28

2006-07

5,707

6,755 9,846 Contributed staff

10,922

16,629

16,629

Actual

34 901 151 564 498 (T1) 8,393

8,788 3,995

5,156 7,144 10,507 Resource usage Resource

12,783

12,334

Agr'mt Agr'mt

34

2005-06

8,788 3,546

5,156 7,144 In-kind ($'000)

12,334

12,334

Actual

Actual Actual

0 735 204 164 367 (T3) 6,685 3,808

3,496 6,239 9,735

10,493 2.612 4,082

Agr'mt Agr'mt

0 Financial Information - Table 4 Financial Information - Table 2004-05 71

6,685 3,050 9,735

3,496 6,239 9,735

Actual Cash ($'000) [1]

74

5,299 2,543 7,842

2,446 3,377 5,897

Agr'mt Agr'mt

74

2003-04

598

5,299

5,897

2,446 3,377 5,897

Actual

Resources (dollars in $'000)

Summary applied of resources to activities of centre Grand total (in- kind) from table Grand total (cash 1 (T1) expenditure) from resources Total table 2 (T3) applied to activities of centre Allocation of total applied resources to activities of CRC between heads of expenditure (T1+T3) Total salaries (cash Total capital (cash Total and in-kind) other (cash Total Total and in-kind) and in-kind) Allocation of resources between categories of activity for the 2008-09 financial year (dollars in $'000) Allocation of resources Program Research Education External communications Commercialisation/Tech. Commercialisation/Tech. transfer Administration Total [1] Cash from all sources, including CRC program all sources, [1] Cash from [2] Full time equivalent staff, excluding students eported for

ech. Transfer. ech. Transfer.

e on these activities

e years will see a

cialisation & Utilisation

e on Administration has

e (cash and in-kind) on

.

ectly and ultimately enable commercialisation and technology transfer of the

TThe expenditure (cash and in-kind) on Research and Education represents about 75% and 11% respectively of the Centre’s total expenditure. The expenditure (cash and in-kind) on External Communications, Commercialisation/Technology Transfer and AdministrationExternal is collectively Transfer similar to the Communications, levels reported for the Commercialisation/Technology prior financial year.

The expenditure (cash and in-kind) on Research and Education represents about 76% and 12% respectively of the Centre’s total expenditure. The expenditur External Communications, Commercialisation/Technology Transfer and AdministrationExternal is collectively Transfer similar to the Communications, levels reported for the Commercialisation/Technology prior financial year

The expenditure (cash and in-kind) on Research and Education represents about 70% and 20% respectively of the Centre’s total expenditure. This reflects the maturation of the CRC as a research entity.research The expenditure (cash and and in-kind) Administration on External is collectively Transfer similar to the Communications, levels r Commercialisation/Technology the prior financial year, reaffirming the Centre’s maturity. the prior financial year,

The expenditure (cash and in-kind) on Research and Education have increased 36% and 39% respectively over the 2005-06 period while expenditure on Administration has moved back to the levels seen in 2004-05. This reflects the growth of the CRCresearch entity.as a The 2006-07 year has seenremarkable a increase in expenditure on Commercialisation/T Indeed, a component of the $737k cash spent on Administration was applied to activities which will dir CRCIF’s emerging products.

Table 4, The expenditure (cash and in-kind) on Education and Research haveTable increased $1,575k and $918k respectively over the 2004-05 period while expenditur reduced $256k. This reflects the development of the CRC a newfrom organisation in the start-up phase to an organisation focused on the development phase. Futur similar increase in expenditures related to External Communications and Commercialisation/Tech. Transfer. Indeed, a component of the $685k cash spent on Administration was appliedsimilar to increase in expenditures related to External Transfer. Communications and Commercialisation/Tech. activities which will directly and ultimately enable commercialisation and technology transfer of the CRCIF’s emerging products.

Table 4 Only a small amount of cash has been spent on External Communications and Commercialisation/Technology Transfer in the 2004-05 financial year. Expenditur 4 Only a small amount of cash has been spent in the on 2004-05 ExternalTable financial year. Transfer Communications and Commercialisation/Technology will increase as the CRC puts the Communication and Marketing Strategy into practice and embarks on the Commercialisation phase as described in the Commer Plan.

NOTES For 2009-10 financial year

For 2008-09 financial year

For 2007-08 financial year

For 2006-07 financial year

For 2005-06 financial year

For 2004-05 financial year 12.1 Auditor’s report

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT To the Cooperative Research Centres Program, Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research representing the Commonwealth in respect of the Cooperative Research Centre for Irrigation Futures.

Report on Financial Report

We have audited the financial information of the Cooperative Research Centre for Irrigation Futures as set out in Tables 1, 2 and 3 of the Annual Report (being the tables showing in-kind and cash contributions) for each party to the Cooperative Research Centre (‘CRC’), and cash expenditure for the year ended 30 June 2010.

Responsibility of the Cooperative Research Centre

The parties to the CRC are responsible for the preparation and presentation of the financial information. The financial information has been prepared for the parties to the Cooperative Research Centre for Irrigation Futures for the purposes of fulfilling their annual reporting obligations under Clause 13 (2) of the Commonwealth Agreement and for distribution to the Cooperative Research Centres Program, Department of Innovation, Industry, Science & Research, representing the Commonwealth of Australia.

Auditors Responsibility

We have conducted an independent audit of the financial information in order to express an opinion on it to the parties to the Cooperative Research Centre for Irrigation Futures.

Our audit has been conducted in accordance with Australian Auditing Standards to provide reasonable assurance as to whether the financial information is free of material misstatement. Our procedures included examination, on a test basis, of evidence supporting the amounts and other disclosures in the financial information, and the evaluation of accounting policies and significant accounting estimates. These procedures have been undertaken to form an opinion as to whether in all material respects, the financial information is presented fairly in accordance with Australian accounting concepts and standards and requirements of the Commonwealth Agreement in terms of Clauses 4 (Contributions), 5 (1), 5 (2), 5 (3) (Application of the Grant and Contributions), 7 (Accounting for Commonwealth Funding and Contributions), and 9 (1), 9 (5) (Intellectual Property), so as to present a view of the sources of funding and the application of funding of the Cooperative Research Centre for Irrigation Futures and the application of which is consistent with our understanding of its financial activities during the year and its financial position.

While we have not performed any audit procedures upon the estimates for the next period and do not express any opinion thereon, we ascertained that they have been formally approved by the Board of Management of the Cooperative Research Centre for Irrigation Futures as required under the Joint Venture Agreement.

We disclaim any assumption of responsibility for any reliance on this report or on the financial information to which it relates to any person other than those mentioned above, or for any purpose other than that for which it was prepared. 73

The audit opinion expressed in this report has been formed on the above basis.

Tel: 61 7 3226 3555 | Fax: 61 7 3226 3500 | www.pkf.com.au PKF | ABN 83 236 985 726 Level 6, 10 Eagle Street | Brisbane | Queensland 4000 | Australia GPO Box 1078 | Brisbane | Queensland 4001

The PKF East Coast Practice is a member of the PKF International Limited network of legally independent member firms. The PKF East Coast Practice is also a member of the PKF Australia Limited national network of legally independent firms each trading as PKF. PKF East Coast Practice has offices in NSW, Victoria and Brisbane. PKF East Coast Practice does not accept responsibility or liability for the actions or inactions on the part of any other individual member firm or firms.

Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation. Auditors’ Opinion

In our opinion:

1. The financial statements present fairly that contributions, both cash and in-kind, have been made and recorded in accordance with the Budget as specified in Schedule 3 in accordance with the terms of the Commonwealth Agreement; except as detailed below:

Partner Committed in Budget Actual $’000 $’000 CASH CONTRIBUTIONS (a) Supporting participants Irrigation Association of Australia Ltd 50 - Murrumbidgee Irrigation Ltd 18 - IN-KIND CONTRIBUTIONS (a) Core participants Queensland Department of Environment and Resource 679 672 Management SA Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation 132 - University of South Australia 332 197 (b) Supporting Participants BSES LtD ( formally Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations) 161 - The University of Queensland 154 94

2. In accounting for Commonwealth funding and Contributions, the CRC has exercised proper accounting standards and controls; and

3. The CRC has met its obligations to the Commonwealth in relation to treatment of Capital Items; and

4. The Cash Contributions and Commonwealth Funding have been paid into and expended from the CRCs Account and in accordance with the Commonwealth Agreement and all interest on the balance of the Account has been credited to the account.

In our opinion, the Commonwealth Funding and the Contributions have been expended solely for the Activities and in accordance with Schedule 3 of this Contract and Australian accounting concepts and applicable Australian Standards; and that all CRC transactions have been conducted through the Account.

Emphasis of matter- Significant Uncertainty Regarding Continuation as a Going Concern

Without qualifying our opinion we draw attention to the following matter. It is managements intention to wind up the CRC as the CRC completes its term on 30 June 2010. As a result, the Governing Board and small team of key staff will remain in place untill 30 September 2010 when the final activities and commonwealth reporting requirements are completed .

Dated at Brisbane this 14th day of September 2010 13. GLOSSARY

ACCC Australian Competition and Consumer Commission ACIAR Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research BWF Burdekin Water Futures CRC Cooperative Research Centre CRC IF Cooperative Research Centre for Irrigation Futures CSU Charles Sturt University DAFF Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry DERM Department of Environment and Resource Management DNR Department of Natural Resources DPI Department of Primary Industries EMG Executive Management Group G-MW Goulburn-Murray Rural Water Authority IAL Irrigation Australia Limited IC WATER International Centre of WATER for Food Security IPTRID International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage MODSIM International Congress on Modelling and Simulation NAIF Northern Australia Irrigation Futures NCEA National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture NVIRP Northern Victorian Irrigation Renewal Program PIRSA Primary Industries and Resources of South Australia Qld NRW Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Water R&D Research and Development RIBP Regional Irrigation Business Partnership RP2 Research Plan 2 SARDI South Australian Research and Development Institute SH System Harmonisation SRDC Sugar Research and Development Corporation UNE University of New England UniSA University of South Australia USDA United States Department of Agriculture USQ University of Southern Queensland UWS University of Western Sydney

75 - NOTES - www.irrigationfutures.org.au Email: [email protected] Ph: 0746312046 |Fax:0746311870 PO Box56,DarlingHeights Qld 4350 FOR IRRIGATION FUTURES CO-OPERATIVE RESEARCH CENTRE BETTERIRRIGATION BETTERENVIRONMENTFUTURE Research Centres supported under Established and Government’s Government’s the Australian Cooperative Program

© 2010 IF Technologies