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Le Vendredi 24 Avril 1998 CANADA VOLUME 135 S NUMÉRO 092 S 1re SESSION S 36e LÉGISLATURE COMPTE RENDU OFFICIEL (HANSARD) Le vendredi 24 avril 1998 Présidence de l’honorable Gilbert Parent TABLE DES MATIÈRES (La table des matières quotidienne des délibérations se trouve à la fin du présent numéro.) Toutes les publications parlementaires sont disponibles sur le réseau électronique «Parliamentary Internet Parlementaire» à l'adresse suivante: http://www.parl.gc.ca 6065 CHAMBRE DES COMMUNES Le vendredi 24 avril 1998 La séance est ouverte à 10 heures. En fait, depuis dix ans, la loi et la science de l’environnement ont beaucoup évolué. Nous avons une bien meilleure idée des contrain- _______________ tes que l’humanité impose à l’environnement. Nous savons mieux ce qu’il faut faire pour réduire ces contraintes ou y remédier. Il y a Prière aussi une forte sensibilisation du public qui s’inquiète de l’état de l’environnement et des conséquences de cet état sur la santé. _______________ La protection de l’environnement est une valeur fondamentale INITIATIVES MINISTÉRIELLES des Canadiens. Plus de 90 p. 100 des Canadiens interrogés s’inquiè- tent des substances toxiques, de la pollution de l’air et de la qualité D de l’eau. La loi doit refléter cette évolution de la société. La LCPE (1000) doit répondre aux inquiétudes des Canadiens, maintenant beaucoup [Traduction] mieux informés. LOI CANADIENNE SUR LA PROTECTION DE J’étais membre du Comité permanent de l’environnement et du L’ENVIRONNEMENT (1998) développement durable quand il a entrepris, en 1994, l’examen de la L’hon. David M. Collenette (pour la ministre de l’Environne- Loi canadienne sur la protection de l’environnement, qui a duré un ment) propose: Que le projet de loi C-32, Loi visant la prévention an. Cet examen, la réponse du gouvernement à ce dernier, les de la pollution et la protection de l’environnement et de la santé entretiens ultérieurs avec les parties concernées, y compris les humaine en vue de contribuer au développement durable, soit lu provinces, les territoires, les autochtones, les représentants de l’in- pour la deuxième fois et renvoyé à un comité. dustrie, les groupes environnementaux, et les autres groupes, ont contribué à l’élaboration du projet de loi. La nouvelle Loi canadien- D (1005) ne sur la protection de l’environnement doit être un outil utile pour les Canadiens à l’aube du XXIe siècle. Mme Karen Kraft Sloan (secrétaire parlementaire du minis- tre de l’Environnement, Lib.): Monsieur le Président, le 12 mars 1998, la ministre de l’Environnement présentait le projet de loi Dans les grandes lignes, la Loi canadienne sur la protection de C-32, Loi visant la prévention de la pollution et la protection de l’environnement couvre la prévention de la pollution, la gestion des l’environnement et de la santé humaine en vue de contribuer au substances toxiques, l’assainissement de l’eau et de l’air, la lutte développement durable. contre la pollution et la gestion des déchets. Par ailleurs, la loi renferme plusieurs parties portant sur la participation du public, les Aujourd’hui, la ministre est à Toronto pour participer à la pre- questions d’ordre environnemental en matière d’urgences, la bio- mière réunion des ministres de l’énergie et de l’environnement technologie, les opérations du gouvernement fédéral sur les terres depuis Kyoto. La ministre prendra part au débat sur la LCPE lundi. domaniales et autochtones, l’application de la loi, la collecte de Je suis heureuse de lancer le débat de deuxième lecture sur la Loi l’information et l’établissement d’objectifs, de directives et de canadienne sur la protection de l’environnement. codes de pratique. Qui plus est, le projet de loi C-32 fixe un certain nombre d’orientations ou objectifs. C’est en 1988, il y a seulement 10 ans, que la Loi canadienne sur la protection de l’environnement a été adoptée. Lors de sa présenta- Certains objectifs importants de la gestion de l’environnement tion, la LCPE représentait un tournant important en matière de sont énumérés dans le préambule; citons, entre autres, une approche protection environnementale et dans la façon dont le gouvernement basée sur les écosystèmes, le principe de la prudence et la préven- fédéral protégeait l’environnement canadien et la santé humaine. tion de la pollution. La première LCPE contenait plusieurs mesures importantes, notamment diverses méthodes pour gérer les substances toxiques, J’aimerais m’arrêter sur les objectifs suivants de la gestion de des dispositions permettant aux citoyens de demander une enquête, l’environnement :l’approche basée sur les écosystèmes, le principe un contrôle parlementaire et un examen de la loi après cinq ans. de la prudence, la responsabilité des utilisateurs et des producteurs, Les dispositions de ce genre deviennent de plus en plus courantes la prévention de la pollution, la gestion des substances toxiques, aux niveaux national et international en matière d’environnement. l’application de la loi et la participation du public. 6066 DÉBATS DES COMMUNES 24 avril 1998 Initiatives ministérielles Notre environnement dépend d’un nombre infini d’interactions menace pour l’environnement et la santé. L’inaction coûte vraiment complexes entre l’air, la terre, l’eau et toutes les créatures vivantes. trop cher. La loi définit un écosystème comme une unité fonctionnelle consti- tuée par le complexe dynamique résultant de l’interaction des Je voudrais parler brièvement du principe de la responsabilité des communautés de plantes, d’animaux et de micro-organismes qui y utilisateurs et des producteurs dont traite également le préambule vivent et de leur environnement non vivant. du projet de loi C-32. Cette responsabilité signifie que le produc- teur, l’utilisateur ou l’importateur d’une substance doit garantir son Une approche de la gestion de l’environnement basée sur l’envi- innocuité. ronnement reconnaît que tous ces éléments sont interdépendants. Ce principe est conforme aux règlements actuels afférents à la Ces interactions sont essentielles à notre bonne santé et à notre LCPE, qui exigent que des données soient fournies aux fins d’éva- existence. Nous ne pouvons pas, par exemple, protéger la qualité de luation des produits avant leur mise en marché. Au bout du compte, l’air en enlevant les contaminants produits par les cheminées et en ceux qui tirent avantage d’une substance doivent veiller à ce qu’elle les déversant dans les cours d’eau. Nous ne pouvons pas protéger la ne représente pas un risque pour l’environnement ou la santé de qualité des cours d’eau en enlevant les polluants déversés par les l’être humain. tuyaux d’égout pour les enfouir dans une décharge. La méthode qui privilégie la prévention de la pollution montre Une approche de la gestion de l’environnement basée sur les que le gouvernement doit repérer les substances toxiques, travailler écosystèmes exige que l’on tienne compte du tableau d’ensemble et en partenariat avec les autres intervenants qui sont en mesure de de toutes les interdépendances, et non uniquement de certains concevoir des solutions de nature à modifier certains processus, à éléments. Le concept d’un ensemble intégré et global doit sous-ten- réduire ou éliminer les polluants et les déchets et, en cas de nécessi- dre toutes nos activités de recherche et la façon dont nous prenons té, à lutter énergiquement contre ces substances. nos décisions. La prévention de la pollution constitue une bien meilleure métho- La terre est une réalité unique vivante qui ne peut survivre—et de que le nettoyage et l’élimination de la pollution après coup. La nous ne pouvons survivre—que si elle fonctionne dans son intégra- méthode axée sur la prévention de la pollution protège l’environne- lité. L’approche basée sur les écosystèmes vise l’intégration car elle ment, améliore la santé des Canadiens et permet de réaliser des couvre toutes les disciplines. Elle reconnaît l’interdépendance entre économies. De bonnes pratiques environnementales sont également les divers domaines tels que la biophysique, la socio-économie, la très bonnes pour les affaires. Elles permettent de réduire les coûts santé, la politique et l’éthique, qui rendent la vie possible sur la d’exploitation, d’assurer une valeur ajoutée aux clients et de favori- terre. La protection et l’amélioration de l’environnement exige cette ser la loyauté. approche transdisciplinaire intégrée. Les Canadiens sont particulièrement préoccupés par les risques que les substances toxiques représentent pour leur santé, pour la D (1010) santé de leurs enfants et pour le développement durable de leur environnement. Un élément essentiel de la Loi canadienne sur la protection de l’environnement confère au ministre le pouvoir de contrôler la On reconnaît maintenant qu’une gestion plus rigoureuse de ces qualité de l’environnement et d’effectuer des recherches à cet égard. substances s’impose si elles résultent essentiellement de l’activité Le contrôle et la recherche permettent de comprendre les problèmes humaine, si elles persistent durant de longues périodes et si elles se environnementaux et de s’y attaquer. Il faut d’abord approfondir la bioaccumulent, c’est-à-dire si les toxines sont emmagasinées dans connaissance pour pouvoir prendre des décisions éclairées. La les tissus des êtres vivants. nouvelle LCPE inclut l’état des écosystèmes dans la notion de qualité de l’environnement et confère le pouvoir d’effectuer des En infimes quantités au départ, ces substances finissent par études pour analyser la santé des écosystèmes et les dommages prendre des proportions telles qu’elles peuvent avoir de graves qu’ils subissent. effets néfastes à long terme sur l’environnement ou la santé humai- ne. Une fois libérées dans l’environnement, elles menacent notre Le projet de loi C-32 autorise aussi la publication de rapports sur santé et notre écosystème pour plusieurs générations en altérant l’état de l’environnement et l’établissement d’objectifs, de directi- subrepticement les systèmes endocrinien, immunitaire, reproduc- ves, de codes de pratique et d’inventaires.
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