Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School, Old Road, Neath Port Talbot

Archaeological Written Scheme of Investigation

Prepared For Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council

The Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd (GGAT Projects)

July 2016

Project No P1846 Report No. 2016/043 NGR SS 74431 95398

Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School, Old Road, Neath Port Talbot: archaeological written scheme of investigation

Contents Page Summary ...... 3 Acknowledgements ...... 4 Copyright notice ...... 4 Abbreviations ...... 4 1 Introduction ...... 5 1.1 Development proposal and planning background ...... 5 1.2 Site description ...... 5 1.3 General archaeological background ...... 5 1.4 Specific archaeological background ...... 6 2 Specification ...... 8 2.1 Purpose ...... 8 2.2 Objectives ...... 8 2.3 Timing ...... 8 2.4 Nature of effect ...... 8 2.5 Assessment of potential impact ...... 8 2.6 Specification strategy ...... 9 3 Implementation ...... 10 3.1 General implementation ...... 10 3.2 Specification methodology ...... 11 3.3 Method of recording ...... 11 3.4 Community Engagement ...... 12 4 Reporting ...... 13 5 General ...... 15 5.1 Insurance ...... 15 5.2 Health and Safety...... 15 5.3 General Limitations ...... 15 5.4 Quality Control ...... 15 5.5 Arbitration ...... 15 6 References ...... 16 Glossary ...... 17

Figures Figure 1. Plan showing the location of the development area (red), existing school buildings (blue) and Carrig Hir Standing Stone (green) ...... 20 Figure 2. First edition Ordnance Survey Plan (1878) with the development area (red) ..21

2 Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School, Old Road, Neath Port Talbot: archaeological written scheme of investigation

Summary A programme of redevelopment is planned for the site of Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School, Old Road, Neath Port Talbot (centred on NGR SS 74431 95398, see Figure 1). The works will potentially include the erection of a protective cage around the Carreg Hir Standing Stone (00583w/GM170/NPRN 907226), demolition of existing buildings within the site including any grubbing up of floor slabs and/or foundations. A separate planning application is proposed for the construction of a new primary school on part of the site and the excavation of service trenches in the playing fields for installation of services to the proposed primary school block. The Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd Projects Department (GGAT Projects) have been commissioned by Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council to prepare the Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI), which provides the framework for the archaeological works. This written scheme of investigation has been produced to meet the requirements of both the protection to the SAM and demolition of existing buildings, and the erection of the new school building. There is a potential risk of encountering archaeological remains during work being carried out in the area of the new primary school as the first edition Ordnance Survey Map (1878) indicates a building, likely to be a longhouse, within the footprint of Block 1 (Figure 1). There is also a potential risk of encountering buried archaeological remains relating to the Bronze Age during works carried out in any part of the site as there is a known Bronze Age monument in the area (Carreg Hir Standing Stone (00583w/GM170/NPRN 907226)) and these features are often found as part of a larger cluster of monuments. The scheme provides for an archaeological watching brief to be carried out on all penetrating ground and demolition works in the development area. The scheme also includes contingency arrangements including the provision of sufficient time and resources to ensure that any archaeological features or finds that are discovered are properly excavated, recorded and removed; it also includes the provision for any sampling that may prove necessary, post-excavation recording and assessment and reporting and possible publication of the results. A protective cage will be erected around the Carreg Hir Standing Stone and Scheduled Monument Consent will need to be sought prior to the commencement of any works. The archaeological watching brief would also apply to any ground intrusive works on or near the standing stone. The scheme also recommends that any proposed development due to follow within the vicinity of the Carreg Hir Standing Stone (00583w/GM170/NPRN 907226) should aim to be sympathetic to its setting and a recommended exclusion zone should be put in place surrounding the monument. This can be defined further following the demolition of the surrounding buildings which may provide information on the supposed underlying burial mound. It is a suggestion that this area be used as a ‘green space’ within any proposed development so to mitigate the effect on the archaeological resource. During the post-excavation stage, archives will be prepared to the specifications in Management of Archaeological Projects (MAP2) Appendices 3 and 6, followed by a programme of analysis and research, the production of a site narrative and final report.

3 Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School, Old Road, Neath Port Talbot: archaeological written scheme of investigation

A copy of the report and archive index will be deposited with the National Monuments Record, RCAHMW, Aberystwyth and the Regional HER curated by the Glamorgan- Gwent Archaeological Trust, Curatorial Division, Swansea The archaeological works will be carried out to the professional standards laid down by the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists.

Acknowledgements The project is managed by Richard Lewis BA MCIfA (Head of Projects) and the report and illustrations were prepared by Charlotte James-Martin BA ACIfA (Project Officer) of GGAT Projects.

Copyright notice The copyright of this report is held by Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd; GGAT Projects has granted an exclusive licence to Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council to use and reproduce the material it contains. Ordnance Survey mapping is reproduced under licence (AL10005976), unless otherwise noted. Annotations are GGAT copyright.

Abbreviations NGR: National Grid Reference PRN: Primary Record Number (in HER) NPRN: National Primary Record Number (in NMR) SAM: Scheduled Ancient Monument (Cadw) LB: Listed Buildings Grade I, II and II* (Cadw) RCAHMW: Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales HER: Historic Environment Record (curated by the Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust)

4 Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School, Old Road, Neath Port Talbot: archaeological written scheme of investigation

1 Introduction 1.1 Development proposal and planning background 1.1.1 A programme of redevelopment is planned for the site of Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School, Old Road, Neath Port Talbot (centred on NGR SS 74431 95398, see Figure 1). The works will potentially include the erection of a protective cage around the Carreg Hir Standing Stone (00583w/GM170/NPRN 907226), demolition of existing buildings within the site including any grubbing up of floor slabs and/or foundations, the construction of a new primary school on part of the site and the excavation of service trenches in the playing fields for installation of services to the proposed primary school block 1.1.2 The Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd Projects Department (GGAT Projects) have been commissioned by Neath Port Talbot County Borough Council to prepare the Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI), which provides the framework for the archaeological works. The WSI forms the subject of the present report. 1.2 Site description 1.2.1 Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School is located in Briton Ferry, Neath Port Talbot, 1.5k, to the east of the River Neath centred at NGR SS 74431 95398. The surrounding area is predominantly residential but a short distance to the east are large areas of open fields. 1.2.2 The geology of the development area comprises bedrock of mostly sandstone with some areas of mudstone and siltstone to the south overlain by tidal flat deposits of clay silt and sand in the north and Devensian till to the south (BGS 2016). 1.3 General archaeological background 1.3.1 There are four known Neolithic chambered tombs in the Neath Port Talbot area; at Margam Moors, Pen-yr-Alltwen (02953w), Carn Llechart (00347w) and Giant’s Grave (00639w), Briton Ferry, although the latter is known only from documentary records. 1.3.2 The Bronze Age period shows a considerable intensification of occupation. There are numerous known cairns and cairn fields within the authority area. It may be that at least some of these represent the results of field clearance, but most are clearly funerary monuments and are almost always placed upon highly visible upland sites along the mountain ridges. Topographically the funerary cairns form several clusters the most significant of which lies in the upland area to the north of Pontardawe. Other clusters lie on the Afan Wallia Upland, Mynydd Drumau and Mynydd Marchywel. These distributions partly reflect several probable upland routes or trackways; Cefn Ffordd, which runs north from Tonna along the west of the Afan Wallia upland and turns east into the head of the Rhondda above Llyn Fawr, Sarn Helen, although a Roman road, follows the same line as a series of cairns. Evidence of the significance of these routes can be adduced from their later importance in the Roman and early- Medieval periods. It is possible that these routes are associated with the standing

5 Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School, Old Road, Neath Port Talbot: archaeological written scheme of investigation

stones in the area, particularly Carreg Bica (Mynydd Drumau), the Cefn Gwyrdd standing stone and the two stones at Rhos (Lewis 2004). 1.3.3 Evidence of Iron Age occupation comes almost exclusively from upland hillforts and other enclosures within the authority area, to the west of the development (350m) is the Iron Age Hillfort of Pencaerau. This is described as standing on the north end of a level summit of an isolated hill about 2km south of Neath. The southern limit of the potential fort is indicated by a considerably spread bank that measures 6m wide and 0.5m high. There is some indication of another bank following the western edge of the hill, and on the northwest a natural gully breaking through this may mark the site of an entrance (Wiggins and Evans 2005). 1.3.4 The Neath area has considerable importance in the Roman period. Historical sources indicate that the conquest reached Wales around 52-57 AD. Immediately to the west of the development area is the predicted route of the Roman Road (RR60c) which runs between Cardiff and Neath, which is thought to travel along the line of the modern A48. It is assumed to form part of that stretch of the Antonine Itinerary Iter XII between Caerleon and Neath, since there is a Roman fort at Cardiff which must have been connected to the road network. Other than the line, and the fact that it was adopted as a boundary by several parishes, there is little evidence for its existence (Evans and Sherman 2004). 1.3.5 We know very little about the Early-medieval period in this area except for some limited archaeological and documentary evidence. Just what happened when the Roman army departed from Britain is generally unclear. Neath Port Talbot has one of the few sites which does give evidence of continued contact with the Mediterranean World, that of Hen Gastell (located on a knoll above Monkstone Sailing Club on the west bank of the River Neath). This produced pottery of 6th to 8th century, along with other artefacts consistent with a site of elite status, the “castle” of a local lord (Wilkinson 1995). 1.3.6 The majority of the settlement we know today as Briton Ferry was formed as a result of the industrial revolution as did most of the towns and villages of south Wales. In the late 19th century a railway line was constructed approximately 200m west of the development area (07722w). This aided in the expansion of the town bringing with it steel and tinplate works (GGAT HER). 1.4 Specific archaeological background 1.4.1 In grounds of Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School is the Scheduled Ancient Monument of Carrig Hir (00583w/GM170/NPRN 907226). There are at least 31 standing stones of possible prehistoric date in Glamorgan and as most of them have not been excavated it is difficult to be certain how many are ancient, and how many were set up later as boundary stones or other markers, cattle- rubbing stones or as just picturesque features. Possibly the most reliable indicator of ancient date is size. Stones of 2m or over in height have been accepted as prehistoric unless there is oral or documentary evidence to show that they were erected relatively recently. There are thirteen of these larger sized stone one of them being Carrig Hir (Evans and Lewis 2003).

6 Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School, Old Road, Neath Port Talbot: archaeological written scheme of investigation

Carrig Hir Standing Stone, thought to be a Bronze Age monument, is described on the HER as reset on a concrete foundation, however it is thought to be in its original position with concrete packed around the outside. It is a massive slab of sandstone with its widest faces to the east and west, in elevation the sides taper slightly to a squared top. The east face is the flattest, and shows clear signs of pecking over much of its surface, possibly a sign of reworking. North and south sides show bedding planes. It measures c3m high by 1.75m (max width) by 0.8m (south end) (Evans 2002). The HER records that it is most probably in situ and is set on top of a low mound which appears to be spread under the surrounding school buildings. The Scheduled Monument report says that there is a strong possibility of the presence of intact burial or ritual deposits, it also notes that standing stones are often part of a larger cluster of monuments. 1.4.2 The first edition Ordnance Survey Map of 1878 (Figure 2) shows little in the development area, however within the footprint of Block 1 appears to be a structure, most likely a longhouse and the standing stone is marked as Gareg- hir. The second edition Ordnance Survey Map of 1899 appears to be mostly unchanged except that the longhouse appears to have been extended to the southwest slightly. The third edition Ordnance Survey Map of 1918 shows the longhouse mostly gone with smaller structures in its place but the greatest change is the construction of the school buildings (NPRN 417982) marked on Figure 1 as Blocks 2 and 3 with the standing stone remaining unmoved. The fourth edition Ordnance Survey Map of 1936 again shows a small cluster of buildings under Block 1 but in a different arrangement than previous mapping and the school buildings remaining largely unchanged.

7 Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School, Old Road, Neath Port Talbot: archaeological written scheme of investigation

2 Specification 2.1 Purpose 2.1.1 The purpose of this written scheme is to set out a quantifiable schedule of works against which performance, fitness for purpose and achievement of quality can be measured. 2.1.2 This written scheme has been prepared to ensure that the work is undertaken to the standard required by the Chartered Institute for Archaeologist’s Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Watching Briefs (2014). 2.2 Objectives 2.2.1 An investigation of the potential archaeological resource through observation and recording in order to ensure the safeguarding of the resource in the development area prior to and during construction works. In addition to informing the general public about the archaeological resource of the area. 2.2.2 The presentation of these observations in a written report, taking account of related documentary and historical evidence. 2.2.3 The preparation of an archive of data recovered and records made as a result of the project, and the deposition of this archive in a suitable receiving museum or similar institution. 2.3 Timing 2.3.1 The archaeological watching brief will commence following the notification of a start date for the development works as provided by the client. 2.3.2 The timing of on-site works will be phased according to the development programme and each component will be agreed in advance. 2.4 Nature of effect 2.4.1 A programme of redevelopment is planned for the site of Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School, Old Road, Neath Port Talbot (centred on NGR SS 74431 95398, see Figure 1). The works will potentially include the erection of a protective cage around the Carreg Hir Standing Stone (00583w/GM170/NPRN 907226), demolition of existing buildings within the site including any grubbing up of floor slabs and/or foundations, the construction of a new primary school on part of the site and the excavation of service trenches in the playing fields for installation of services to the proposed primary school block. It is considered that any ground intrusion works associated with such development activities has the potential to adversely affect the archaeological resource. 2.5 Assessment of potential impact 2.5.1 Without appropriate forms of mitigation the following development activities are deemed likely to have a potential impact on the archaeological resource:  Construction of site compounds  Erection of a protective cage around the Carrig Hir Standing Stone

8 Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School, Old Road, Neath Port Talbot: archaeological written scheme of investigation

 Ground preparation/enabling works, including any ground investigation works  Demolition works  Topsoil stripping  Construction of new buildings  The excavation of service trenches  Landscaping works, including any levelling  Any other ground intrusive works

2.6 Specification strategy 2.6.1 The strategy is proposed on the basis of the likely extent and form of archaeological interests and the proposed extent and form of development effect. 2.6.2 The effect of the development on potential archaeological interests will be safeguarded by means of an archaeological watching brief undertaken on the groundwork’s specified in 2.5.1 above to meet the requirement of the Chartered Institute for Archaeologist's Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Watching Briefs (2014). 2.6.3 If archaeologically significant remains are discovered during the watching brief, the archaeologist carrying out the works, in consultation, where appropriate, with the resident engineer (or equivalent agent), will make a decision as to whether it can be adequately recorded and removed without disruption to any nearby development works. 2.6.4 In the event that a significant discovery is made during the watching brief, and the provision in paragraph 2.6.3 cannot be put into effect, then arrangements will be made to modify the construction programme and fence off the area of interest to allow its safe and effective investigation and recording. 2.6.5 In the event that remains are encountered during the watching brief which are of such complexity or significance that the contingency arrangements would not be of sufficient scope, a meeting with the LPA, their archaeological advisors and any other parties that may be relevant to the issue, should be convened in order to agree an appropriate strategy.

9 Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School, Old Road, Neath Port Talbot: archaeological written scheme of investigation

3 Implementation 3.1 General implementation 3.1.1 The specified archaeological works will be undertaken to the highest possible standards in line with the requirements of the Chartered Institute for Archaeologist’s Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Watching Briefs (2014). 3.1.2 If stray finds or deposits of minor interest are encountered these will be recorded by the archaeologist as the specified ground works proceed. 3.1.3 If more significant deposits are found these will be investigated and recorded within a secured area. 3.1.4 Should human remains be encountered, the nature and extent of those remains will be established and recorded, and the coroner informed. However, the remains will be left in situ, with suitable measures in place to ensure their protection during backfilling. Special circumstances may dictate the need to remove human remains if they are thought to be vulnerable to further damage or obstructive to the broader aims of the work. In such cases, the human remains will be archaeologically recorded and removed under conditions that comply with all current legislation. This will include reporting to the relevant authorities, the obtaining of proper licences, and the provision for eventual reburial following appropriate analysis. All human remains will be excavated by hand in accordance with the Chartered Institute for Archaeologist’s Excavation and Post-Excavation Treatment of Cremated and Inhumed Human Remains: Technical Paper Number 13 (1993). 3.1.5 It is intended that the site archive, including any finds assemblage, will be deposited with an appropriate institution, or retained by the landowners, as required. 3.1.6 The finds, including artefacts and ecofacts, excepting those, which may be subject to the laws of Treasure Act (1996), will be deposited with the same institution, subject to the agreement of the site owners. An agreement with an appropriate institution to accept this material will need to be made on completion of fieldwork and assessment of the nature of the finds recovered. 3.1.7 Suitable outreach strategies will be developed to ensure members of the public are fully informed during any site investigation works (see section 3.4). 3.1.8 A report describing the works carried out and findings made will be prepared and submitted to the local planning authority.

10 Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School, Old Road, Neath Port Talbot: archaeological written scheme of investigation

3.2 Specification methodology 3.2.1 Prior to their implementation, a specific Health and Safety risk assessment, will be drawn up before the commencement of the watching brief. 3.2.2 Any ground intrusions or demolition works will be conducted under archaeological watching brief conditions. These include, but are not limited to, those specified in section 2.5.1. No groundworks should be undertaken in the area to which this scheme applies without the presence of the site archaeologist. 3.2.3 In the event of particularly significant or complex discoveries being made during the course of the watching brief, those areas will be fenced off and clearly demarked. 3.2.4 No machines or contractors should work in such areas until such time as recording has been completed. 3.2.5 It is recommended that any programme of construction due to follow within the vicinity of the standing stone should aim to be sympathetic to its setting and a recommended exclusion zone should be put in place surrounding the monument. This can be defined further following the demolition of the surrounding buildings which may provide information on the underlying mound. It is a suggestion that this area be used as a ‘green space’ within any proposed development so to mitigate the effect on the archaeological resource. 3.3 Method of recording 3.3.1 The techniques employed should conform to best current professional practice. During the watching brief, all archaeological deposits should be recorded with a single continuous context numbering system. The archaeological contractor should, upon request, submit a copy of its recording forms and manual to the client. Contexts will be drawn at a suitable scale in plan, and, where appropriate, in section. All significant contexts will be digitally photographed, with a resolution of no less than ten megapixels. Survey information will be related to the Ordnance Survey National Grid and levels related to the Ordnance Survey Datum. All survey work where appropriate will be carried out using a total station or survey grade GPS. 3.3.2 All classes of finds will be retained, cleaned, and catalogued until arrangements for final deposition have been agreed, in line with the requirements of the Chartered Institute for Archaeologist’s Standard and Guidance for the collection, documentation, conservation and research of archaeological materials (2014). If substantial quantities of undiagnostic, residual or modern material are recovered, an on-site recording and discard policy for these classes of find will be devised. If human remains are encountered, they will be archaeologically recorded and removed under conditions, which comply with all current legislation, including reporting to the relevant authorities, the obtaining of proper licences, and the provision for eventual reburial following appropriate analysis. All human remains will be excavated by hand in accordance with the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists Excavation and Post-Excavation Treatment of Cremated and Inhumed Human Remains: Technical Paper Number 13 (1993).

11 Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School, Old Road, Neath Port Talbot: archaeological written scheme of investigation

3.3.3 The management of environmental recording and sampling will follow the principles and tenets laid down in English Heritage’s Environmental Archaeology: A guide to the theory and practice of Methods, from sampling and recovery to post-excavation published in 2011. All deposits with a high potential for the preservation of palaeoenvironmental material will be sampled, by column, bulk and other method, for possible subsequent analysis, in accordance with a sampling strategy overseen by a specialist with appropriate expertise. Sampling and recording will be the responsibility of an identified member of the field team with relevant experience.

3.4 Community Engagement 3.4.1 Where approved by the clients, the contractor will ensure suitable measures are in place to inform the local community and any interested parties of the results of the site investigation work. This may occur during the site investigation work or following completion of the work. The form of any potential outreach activities may include lectures and talks to local groups, interested parties and persons, information boards, flyers and other forms of communication (social media and websites), and press releases to local and national media. 3.4.2 The form of any outreach will respect client confidentiality or contractual agreements. 3.4.3 Where outreach activities have a cost implication these will need to be negotiated in advance and in accordance with the nature of the desired response and learning outcomes.

12 Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School, Old Road, Neath Port Talbot: archaeological written scheme of investigation

4 Reporting 4.1.1 An archive of archaeological records relating to the work will be prepared to the specifications in Management of Archaeological Projects (English Heritage, 1991) Appendix 3. 4.1.2 Archaeological and historical sources will be consulted, in order to place the results of the fieldwork in an appropriate archaeological and historical framework. 4.1.3 Following a review of the potential of the recovered evidence, a programme of analysis and research will be undertaken, resulting in the preparation of a site narrative and supporting data, including finished drawings and photographs as necessary. 4.1.4 The archaeological contractor should identify the internal or external specialists who will be responsible for preparing reports on cultural or palaeoenvironmental material, and dating and for overseeing the sampling programme. 4.1.5 An archive of records relating to the preparation of the reports will be prepared to the specifications in Management of Archaeological Projects (English Heritage, 1991) Appendix 6. 4.1.6 Reporting will be phased according to the construction programme but will include a synthesis of the data gathered, together with inclusion of supporting evidence in appendices as appropriate, and illustrations. A PDF of the report will be supplied to the client and if requested two hard copies of the report. 4.1.7 After an appropriate period has elapsed, copies of the report will be deposited with the Historic Environment Record (HER), curated by GGAT. 4.1.8 Short archaeological digest reports will be submitted for publication in relevant regional, national and thematic learned journals; as a minimum, a report will be submitted to the annual publication of the regional CBA group or equivalent journal. Non-technical reports will also be produced to inform the general public of the archaeological investigations, this may also include web pages, posters, leaflets or other media forms. 4.1.9 It is intended that the site archive, including any finds assemblage, will be deposited with an appropriate institution, or retained by the landowners, as required, in accordance with the ICON and CIfA Guidelines (Standards and guidance for the creation, compilation, transfer and deposition of archaeological archives (2014)), and subject to the agreement of the legal landowner. A copy of the report and archive index will be deposited with the National Monuments Record, RCAHMW, Aberystwyth, and the Regional Historic Environment Record, curated by the Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust, Swansea. 4.1.10 The finds, including artefacts and ecofacts, excepting those, which may be subject to the laws of Treasure Act (1996), will be deposited with the same institution, subject to the agreement of the site owners. An agreement with an appropriate institution to accept any such material will need to be made on 13 Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School, Old Road, Neath Port Talbot: archaeological written scheme of investigation

completion of fieldwork and assessment of the nature of the finds recovered. 4.1.11 A copy of the archive index will be deposited with the National Monuments Record, RCAHMW, Aberystwyth.

14 Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School, Old Road, Neath Port Talbot: archaeological written scheme of investigation

5 General 5.1 Insurance 5.1.1 The contractor should hold full insurance cover for this type of work, to include Professional Indemnity and Public Liability cover. Full details of these and other relevant policies should be supplied to the client on request. 5.2 Health and Safety 5.2.1 The contractor should provide to the client a copy of its Health and Safety statement in accordance with The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. The contractor should prepare any documentation required by the Construction Design and Management Regulations 2007 5.2.2 Prior to commencement of work, the contractor should carry out a formal Health and Safety Risk Assessment in accordance with The Management of Health and Safety Regulations 1992. A copy of the risk assessment should be kept on any site office and be available for inspection on request. 5.2.3 In addition to statutory requirements, the contractor should follow best practice for Health and Safety in archaeology as defined in the FAME (Federation of Archaeological Managers and Employers) health and safety manual Health and Safety in Field Archaeology (2002). 5.3 General Limitations 5.3.1 The work outlined in this specification will be carried out to the highest professional standards, and the conclusions drawn will be based on a considered review of the evidence available. However, the archaeological resource is unpredictable, and the encountering of unexpected archaeological deposits on the site cannot be ruled out. Examination of such deposits is beyond the scope of the specification and must be agreed by separate negotiation. 5.3.2 Should there need to be a variation to the provisions of the specification, this will be agreed in advance with the Client and the relevant Planning Authority or their agents. 5.4 Quality Control 5.4.1 The contractor should carry out the work in accordance with the Chartered Institute for Archaeologist’s Code of Conduct, Code of Approved Practice for the Regulation of Contractual Arrangements in Field Archaeology, and other related by-laws, and the Standard and Guidance for archaeological watching briefs, Standard and Guidance For Archaeological Field Evaluation, Standard and Guidance For Archaeological Excavation and the Standard and Guidance For the Archaeological Investigation and Recording of Standing Buildings or Structures currently in force. 5.5 Arbitration 5.5.1 Any dispute or difference arising out of a contract in relation to this work will be referred for a decision in accordance with the Rules of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators’ Arbitration Scheme for the Institute for Archaeologists applying at the date of the agreement. 15 Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School, Old Road, Neath Port Talbot: archaeological written scheme of investigation

6 References Evans E, 2002, Prehistoric funerary and ritual sites: Neath Port Talbot and Swansea. GGAT Report no 2002/054

Evans E and Lewis R, 2003, The Prehistoric Funerary and Ritual Monumnets Survey of Glamorgan and Gwent: Overviews. GGAT Report no. 2003/068 Lewis R, 2004, Landscapes Working for Neath and Port Talbot: History and Archaeology Aspect. GGAT Report no. 2004/008 Sherman A and Evans E M, 2004, Roman roads in South East Wales: Desk-based assessment with recommendations for fieldwork. GGAT Report no.2004/073 Wiggins H, and Evans E, 2005, Prehistoric defended enclosures in Glamorgan with recommendations for fieldwork, GGAT Report no. 2005/058 Wilkinson P F, 1995, Excavations at Hen Gastell, Briton Ferry, West Glamorgan 1991- 1992. Medieval Archaeology Vol 39 pp 1-50.

Websites http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/ British Geological Survey accessed 27/06/2016.

Cartographic Sources Ordnance Survey 25”, First edition, 1878 Ordnance Survey 25”, Second edition, 1899 Ordnance Survey 25”, Third edition, 1918 Ordnance Survey 25”, Fourth edition, 1936

16 Cwrt Sart Comprehensive School, Old Road, Neath Port Talbot: archaeological written scheme of investigation

Glossary