DOCSLIB.ORG

NGINX Modules Reference

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
NGINX Modules Reference Nginx, Inc. NGINX Plus Reference Guide NGINX Plus - release 20, based on 1.17.6 core November 28, 2019 Copyright Notice © 2012-2019 Nginx, Inc. All rights reserved. NGINX, NGINX Plus and any Nginx, Inc. product or service name or logo used herein are trademarks of Nginx, Inc. All other trademarks used herein belong to their respective owners. The trademarks and logos displayed herein may not be used without the prior written consent of Nginx, Inc. or their respective owners. This documentation is provided \AS IS" and is subject to change without notice and should not be interpreted as a commitment by Nginx, Inc. This documentation may not be copied, modified or distributed without authorization of Nginx, Inc. and may be used only in connection with Nginx, Inc. products and services. Nginx, Inc. assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in this documentation. 1 Preface About NGINX NGINX® (\engine x") is a high performance, high concurrency web server excelling at large scale content delivery, web acceleration and protecting application containers. Its precise integration with modern operating systems allows unprecedented levels of efficiency even when running on commodity hardware. Nginx, Inc. develops and maintains NGINX open source distribution, and offers commercial support and professional services for NGINX. About NGINX Plus • Offers additional features on top of the free open source NGINX version. • Prepared, tested and supported by NGINX core engineering team led by the original author Igor Sysoev. For more information • Find more details about NGINX products and support at https://www.nginx.com/. • For online NGINX documentation visit https://nginx.org/en/docs. • NGINX and NGINX Plus Tutorial and Admin Guide is available here: https://www.nginx.com/resources/admin-guide/. • For general inquiries, please use: [email protected] 2 Contents Title1 Preface2 Table of Contents3 1 Core modules6 1.1 Core functionality..........................6 1.2 Setting up hashes.......................... 16 1.3 Connection processing methods.................. 17 1.4 Logging to syslog.......................... 18 2 HTTP server modules 19 2.1 Module ngx http core module................... 19 2.2 Module ngx http access module.................. 58 2.3 Module ngx http addition module................. 60 2.4 Module ngx http api module................... 62 2.5 Module ngx http auth basic module............... 107 2.6 Module ngx http auth jwt module................ 109 2.7 Module ngx http auth request module.............. 113 2.8 Module ngx http autoindex module................ 115 2.9 Module ngx http browser module................. 117 2.10 Module ngx http charset module................. 119 2.11 Module ngx http dav module................... 122 2.12 Module ngx http empty gif module................ 125 2.13 Module ngx http f4f module.................... 126 2.14 Module ngx http fastcgi module.................. 127 2.15 Module ngx http flv module.................... 148 2.16 Module ngx http geo module................... 149 2.17 Module ngx http geoip module.................. 152 2.18 Module ngx http grpc module................... 155 2.19 Module ngx http gunzip module................. 164 2.20 Module ngx http gzip module................... 165 2.21 Module ngx http gzip static module............... 169 2.22 Module ngx http headers module................. 170 2.23 Module ngx http hls module.................... 173 2.24 Module ngx http image filter module............... 177 3 CONTENTS CONTENTS 2.25 Module ngx http index module.................. 181 2.26 Module ngx http js module.................... 182 2.27 Module ngx http keyval module.................. 185 2.28 Module ngx http limit conn module............... 187 2.29 Module ngx http limit req module................ 191 2.30 Module ngx http log module.................... 195 2.31 Module ngx http map module................... 199 2.32 Module ngx http memcached module............... 202 2.33 Module ngx http mirror module.................. 207 2.34 Module ngx http mp4 module................... 209 2.35 Module ngx http perl module................... 212 2.36 Module ngx http proxy module.................. 218 2.37 Module ngx http random index module............. 246 2.38 Module ngx http realip module.................. 247 2.39 Module ngx http referer module.................. 249 2.40 Module ngx http rewrite module................. 251 2.41 Module ngx http scgi module................... 257 2.42 Module ngx http secure link module............... 275 2.43 Module ngx http session log module............... 278 2.44 Module ngx http slice module................... 280 2.45 Module ngx http split clients module............... 282 2.46 Module ngx http ssi module.................... 283 2.47 Module ngx http ssl module.................... 289 2.48 Module ngx http status module.................. 301 2.49 Module ngx http stub status module............... 311 2.50 Module ngx http sub module................... 313 2.51 Module ngx http upstream module................ 315 2.52 Module ngx http upstream conf module............. 332 2.53 Module ngx http upstream hc module.............. 336 2.54 Module ngx http userid module.................. 340 2.55 Module ngx http uwsgi module.................. 343 2.56 Module ngx http v2 module.................... 364 2.57 Module ngx http xslt module................... 368 3 Stream server modules 371 3.1 Module ngx stream core module................. 371 3.2 Module ngx stream access module................ 379 3.3 Module ngx stream geo module.................. 380 3.4 Module ngx stream geoip module................. 382 3.5 Module ngx stream js module................... 385 3.6 Module ngx stream keyval module................ 388 3.7 Module ngx stream limit conn module.............. 390 3.8 Module ngx stream log module.................. 393 3.9 Module ngx stream map module................. 396 3.10 Module ngx stream proxy module................. 399 3.11 Module ngx stream realip module................. 407 Nginx, Inc. p.4 of 494 CONTENTS CONTENTS 3.12 Module ngx stream return module................ 408 3.13 Module ngx stream split clients module............. 409 3.14 Module ngx stream ssl module.................. 410 3.15 Module ngx stream ssl preread module.............. 419 3.16 Module ngx stream upstream module............... 421 3.17 Module ngx stream upstream hc module............. 430 3.18 Module ngx stream zone sync module.............. 434 4 Mail server modules 441 4.1 Module ngx mail core module................... 441 4.2 Module ngx mail auth http module................ 447 4.3 Module ngx mail proxy module.................. 451 4.4 Module ngx mail ssl module.................... 453 4.5 Module ngx mail imap module.................. 461 4.6 Module ngx mail pop3 module.................. 463 4.7 Module ngx mail smtp module.................. 464 5 Miscellaneous 466 5.1 High Availability support for NGINX Plus............ 466 5.2 Command-line parameters..................... 472 A Changelog for NGINX Plus 473 B Legal Notices 482 Index 487 Nginx, Inc. p.5 of 494 Chapter 1 Core modules 1.1 Core functionality 1.1.1 Example Configuration...................7 1.1.2 Directives..........................7 accept mutex........................7 accept mutex delay.....................7 daemon...........................7 debug connection......................8 debug points........................8 env..............................8 error log...........................9 events............................ 10 include............................ 10 load module......................... 10 lock file........................... 10 master process....................... 11 multi accept......................... 11 pcre jit........................... 11 pid.............................. 11 ssl engine.......................... 11 thread pool......................... 12 timer resolution....................... 12 use.............................. 12 user............................. 13 worker aio requests..................... 13 worker connections..................... 13 worker cpu affinity..................... 13 worker priority....................... 14 worker processes...................... 14 worker rlimit core...................... 15 worker rlimit nofile..................... 15 worker shutdown timeout................. 15 working directory...................... 15 6 CHAPTER 1. CORE MODULES 1.1. CORE FUNCTIONALITY 1.1.1 Example Configuration user www www; worker_processes 2; error_log /var/log/nginx-error.log info; events { use kqueue; worker_connections 2048; } ... 1.1.2 Directives accept mutex Syntax: accept_mutex on j off; Default off Context: events If accept_mutex is enabled, worker processes will accept new connections by turn. Otherwise, all worker processes will be notified about new connections, and if volume of new connections is low, some of the worker processes may just waste system resources. There is no need to enable accept_mutex on systems that support the EPOLLEXCLUSIVE flag (1.11.3) or when using reuseport. Prior to version 1.11.3, the default value was on. accept mutex delay Syntax: accept_mutex_delay time; Default 500ms Context: events If accept mutex is enabled, specifies the maximum time during which a worker process will try to restart accepting new connections if another worker process is currently accepting new connections. daemon Syntax: daemon on j off; Default on Context: main Determines whether nginx should become a daemon. Mainly used during
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Release 2.2.1 Kenneth Reitz
    Requests Documentation Release 2.2.1 Kenneth Reitz January 15, 2016 Contents 1 Testimonials 3 2 Feature Support 5 3 User Guide 7 3.1 Introduction...............................................7 3.2 Installation................................................8 3.3 Quickstart................................................9 3.4 Advanced Usage............................................. 15 3.5 Authentication.............................................. 25 4 Community Guide 29 4.1 Frequently Asked Questions....................................... 29 4.2 Integrations................................................ 30 4.3 Articles & Talks............................................. 30 4.4 Support.................................................. 30 4.5 Community Updates........................................... 31 4.6 Software Updates............................................. 31 5 API Documentation 49 5.1 Developer Interface........................................... 49 6 Contributor Guide 69 6.1 Development Philosophy......................................... 69 6.2 How to Help............................................... 70 6.3 Authors.................................................. 71 Python Module Index 77 i ii Requests Documentation, Release 2.2.1 Release v2.2.1. (Installation) Requests is an Apache2 Licensed HTTP library, written in Python, for human beings. Python’s standard urllib2 module provides most of the HTTP capabilities you need, but the API is thoroughly broken. It was built for a different time — and a different web.
    [Show full text]
  • The Web Never Forgets: Persistent Tracking Mechanisms in the Wild
    The Web Never Forgets: Persistent Tracking Mechanisms in the Wild Gunes Acar1, Christian Eubank2, Steven Englehardt2, Marc Juarez1 Arvind Narayanan2, Claudia Diaz1 1KU Leuven, ESAT/COSIC and iMinds, Leuven, Belgium {name.surname}@esat.kuleuven.be 2Princeton University {cge,ste,arvindn}@cs.princeton.edu ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION We present the first large-scale studies of three advanced web tracking mechanisms — canvas fingerprinting, evercookies A 1999 New York Times article called cookies compre­ and use of “cookie syncing” in conjunction with evercookies. hensive privacy invaders and described them as “surveillance Canvas fingerprinting, a recently developed form of browser files that many marketers implant in the personal computers fingerprinting, has not previously been reported in the wild; of people.” Ten years later, the stealth and sophistication of our results show that over 5% of the top 100,000 websites tracking techniques had advanced to the point that Edward employ it. We then present the first automated study of Felten wrote “If You’re Going to Track Me, Please Use Cook­ evercookies and respawning and the discovery of a new ev­ ies” [18]. Indeed, online tracking has often been described ercookie vector, IndexedDB. Turning to cookie syncing, we as an “arms race” [47], and in this work we study the latest present novel techniques for detection and analysing ID flows advances in that race. and we quantify the amplification of privacy-intrusive track­ The tracking mechanisms we study are advanced in that ing practices due to cookie syncing. they are hard to control, hard to detect and resilient Our evaluation of the defensive techniques used by to blocking or removing.
    [Show full text]
  • Web Security
    CSE343/443 Lehigh University Fall 2015 Web Security Presenter: Yinzhi Cao Slides Inherited and Modified from Prof. John Mitchell Reported Web Vulnerabilities "In the Wild" 1200 1000 800 Input Validation 600 CSRF XSS SQLi 400 200 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Web application vulnerabilities Goals of web security Safely browse the web n Users should be able to visit a variety of web sites, without incurring harm: w No stolen information (without user’s permission) w Site A cannot compromise session at Site B Secure web applications n Applications delivered over the web should have the same security properties we require for stand- alone applications Network security Network Attacker System Intercepts and controls network communication Alice Web security System Web Attacker Sets up malicious site visited by victim; no control of network Alice Web Threat Models Web attacker n Control attacker.com n Can obtain SSL/TLS certificate for attacker.com n User visits attacker.com w Or: runs attacker’s Facebook app Network attacker n Passive: Wireless eavesdropper n Active: Evil router, DNS poisoning Malware attacker n Attacker escapes browser isolation mechanisms and run separately under control of OS Malware attacker Browsers (like any software) contain exploitable bugs n Often enable remote code execution by web sites n Google study: [the ghost in the browser 2007] w Found Trojans on 300,000 web pages (URLs) w Found adware on 18,000 web pages (URLs) Even if browsers were bug-free, still lots of vulnerabilities
    [Show full text]
  • Web Application Security
    Web Application Security * Original slides were prepared by John Mitchell Goals of web security Safely browse the web n Users should be able to visit a variety of web sites, without incurring harm: w No stolen information w Site A cannot compromise session at Site B Support secure web applications n Applications delivered over the web should be able to achieve the same security properties as stand- alone applications Web security threat model System Web Attacker Sets up malicious site visited by victim; no control of network Alice Network security threat model Network Attacker System Intercepts and controls network communication Alice System Web Attacker Alice Network Attacker System Alice Web Threat Models Web attacker n Control attacker.com n Can obtain SSL/TLS certificate for attacker.com n User visits attacker.com w Or: runs attacker’s Facebook app, etc. Network attacker n Passive: Wireless eavesdropper n Active: Evil router, DNS poisoning Malware attacker n Attacker escapes browser isolation mechanisms and run separately under control of OS Malware attacker Browsers may contain exploitable bugs n Often enable remote code execution by web sites n Google study: [the ghost in the browser 2007] w Found Trojans on 300,000 web pages (URLs) w Found adware on 18,000 web pages (URLs) NOT OUR FOCUS Even if browsers were bug-free, still lots of vulnerabilities on the web n XSS, SQLi, CSRF, … WEB PROGRAMMING BASICS URLs Global identifiers of network-retrievable documents Example: http://columbia.edu:80/class?name=4995#homework Protocol Fragment
    [Show full text]
  • Preventing Session Hijacking Using Encrypted One-Time-Cookies
    Preventing Session Hijacking using Encrypted One-Time-Cookies Renascence Tarafder Prapty 1, Shuhana Azmin 1 Md. Shohrab Hossain 1, Husnu S. Narman2 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh 2Weisberg Division of Computer Science, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA Email: [email protected],[email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract—Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) cookies are cryptography-based techniques to achieve cookie confidential- pieces of information shared between HTTP server and client to ity and integrity. However, each mechanism lacks in one aspect remember stateful information for the stateless HTTP protocol or another. The scheme described in [1] does not achieve or to record a user’s browsing activity. Cookies are often used in web applications to identify a user and corresponding authen- cookie confidentiality. In [3], the web server is required to ticated session. Thus, stealing a cookie can lead to hijacking an store one-time keys that lead to key management problems. authenticated user’s session. To prevent this type of attack, a In [2] and [4], a one-time key is encrypted by the web server’s cookie protection mechanism is required. In this paper, we have public key. As public key encryption is computationally expen- proposed a secure and efficient cookie protection system. We have sive, these schemes are not efficient. [5] proposes the use of used one time cookies to prevent attacker from performing cookie injection. To ensure cookie integrity and confidentiality, we have cache cookies as an alternative to cookies for authentication of encrypted sensitive information in the cookie.
    [Show full text]
  • Protecting Encrypted Cookies from Compression Side-Channel Attacks
    Protecting encrypted cookies from compression side-channel attacks Janaka Alawatugoda1, Douglas Stebila1;2, and Colin Boyd3 1 School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2 School of Mathematical Sciences 1;2 Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia [email protected],[email protected] 3 Department of Telematics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway [email protected] December 28, 2014 Abstract Compression is desirable for network applications as it saves bandwidth; however, when data is compressed before being encrypted, the amount of compression leaks information about the amount of redundancy in the plaintext. This side channel has led to successful CRIME and BREACH attacks on web traffic protected by the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol. The general guidance in light of these attacks has been to disable compression, preserving confidentiality but sacrificing bandwidth. In this paper, we examine two techniques|heuristic separation of secrets and fixed-dictionary compression|for enabling compression while protecting high-value secrets, such as cookies, from attack. We model the security offered by these techniques and report on the amount of compressibility that they can achieve. 1This is the full version of a paper published in the Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security (FC 2015) in San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA, January 26{30, 2015, organized by the International Financial Cryptography Association in cooperation with IACR. 1 Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Definitions 6 2.1 Encryption and compression schemes.........................6 2.2 Existing security notions................................7 2.3 New security notions..................................7 2.4 Relations and separations between security notions.................8 3 Technique 1: Separating secrets from user inputs9 3.1 The scheme.......................................9 3.2 CCI security of basic separating-secrets technique.................
    [Show full text]
  • HTTP Cookie - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia 14/05/2014
    HTTP cookie - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 14/05/2014 Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Search HTTP cookie From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Navigation A cookie, also known as an HTTP cookie, web cookie, or browser HTTP Main page cookie, is a small piece of data sent from a website and stored in a Persistence · Compression · HTTPS · Contents user's web browser while the user is browsing that website. Every time Request methods Featured content the user loads the website, the browser sends the cookie back to the OPTIONS · GET · HEAD · POST · PUT · Current events server to notify the website of the user's previous activity.[1] Cookies DELETE · TRACE · CONNECT · PATCH · Random article Donate to Wikipedia were designed to be a reliable mechanism for websites to remember Header fields Wikimedia Shop stateful information (such as items in a shopping cart) or to record the Cookie · ETag · Location · HTTP referer · DNT user's browsing activity (including clicking particular buttons, logging in, · X-Forwarded-For · Interaction or recording which pages were visited by the user as far back as months Status codes or years ago). 301 Moved Permanently · 302 Found · Help 303 See Other · 403 Forbidden · About Wikipedia Although cookies cannot carry viruses, and cannot install malware on 404 Not Found · [2] Community portal the host computer, tracking cookies and especially third-party v · t · e · Recent changes tracking cookies are commonly used as ways to compile long-term Contact page records of individuals' browsing histories—a potential privacy concern that prompted European[3] and U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Web Security 1
    Web Security 1 Prof. Raluca Ada Popa Oct 16, 2017 Some content adapted from materials by David Wagner or Dan Boneh Today • We need to cover same-origin policy, cookie policy, CSRF and XSS, But do not need to cover weB injection • ScriBe: Dayeol • Presenter: Rohan, Michael HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) A common data communication protocol on the weB CLIENT BROWSER WEB SERVER safebank.com/account.html HTTP REQUEST: Alice GET /account.html HTTP/1.1 Smith Host: www.safebank.com Accounts Bill Pay Mail Transfers HTTP RESPONSE: HTTP/1.0 200 OK <HTML> . </HTML> URLs GloBal identifiers of network-retrievaBle resources Example: http://safeBank.com:81/account?id=10#statement Protocol Hostname Query Fragment Port Path HTTP CLIENT BROWSER WEB SERVER safebank.com/account.html HTTP REQUEST: Alice GET /account.html HTTP/1.1 Smith Host: www.safebank.com Accounts Bill Pay Mail Transfers HTTP RESPONSE: HTTP/1.0 200 OK <HTML> . </HTML> HTTP Request GET: no Method Path HTTP version Headers side effect GET /index.html HTTP/1.1 Accept: image/gif, image/x-bitmap, POST: image/jpeg, */* Accept-Language: en possiBle Connection: Keep-Alive User-Agent: Chrome/21.0.1180.75 (Macintosh; side effect Intel Mac OS X 10_7_4) Host: www.safebank.com Referer: http://www.google.com?q=dingbats Blank line Data – none for GET HTTP CLIENT BROWSER WEB SERVER safebank.com/account.html HTTP REQUEST: Alice GET /account.html HTTP/1.1 Smith Host: www.safebank.com Accounts Bill Pay Mail Transfers HTTP RESPONSE: HTTP/1.0 200 OK <HTML> . </HTML> HTTP Response HTTP version Status code
    [Show full text]
  • Php Server Http Referer
    Php Server Http Referer Dorian view partly if deprivable Gunter riled or dilacerates. Sometimes retired Randi wheedle her Klansman rather, but bright Aubrey sell unfriendly or remigrated iwis. Petrological and coldish Caleb announcing: which Ethelred is paraffinic enough? The new approach though has some view this request headers of injection in php people out on. Returns a typical usage of a newsletter, often responsible for? Restricting access that is file path info is possible thing about your visitor know where a video calls out there was? There view be some incompatibility going today with every particular setup. HTTPREFERER and parsestr in a Snippet MODX. Learn how Cloudflare handles HTTP request headers to appropriate origin web server and what headers Cloudflare adds to proxied requests. This do a tube while __DIR__ give the realpath. Specify an ssh session or more in a website out how would give you intend on his choice; servers using csrf token are you. In most reverse proxy setup the web server forwards the HTTP request it received from the. With Contact Form 7 you know capture this referer page and was it to. Static-only applications serve files through each WebFaction server's front-end. Is then any difference between sale a lead tracking? IfissetSERVER'HTTPREFERER' return false refererhost. The term Referer is used due only a spelling error its the original HTTP. Echo filegetcontents'httpmyotherdomaincom' I created an non Codeigniter script at myotherdomaincomindexphp and added this code. There it actually nine HTTP methods defined by the HTTP specification, but many love them affect not widely used or supported.
    [Show full text]
  • A Deep Dive Into the Technology of Corporate Surveillance
    Behind the One-Way Mirror: A Deep Dive Into the Technology of Corporate Surveillance Author: Bennett Cyphers and Gennie Gebhart ​ A publication of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, 2019. “Behind the One-Way Mirror: A Deep Dive Into the Technology of Corporate Surveillance” is released under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). View this report online: https://www.eff.org/wp/behind-the-one-way-mirror ELECTRONIC FRONTIER FOUNDATION 1 Behind the One-Way Mirror: A Deep Dive Into the Technology of Corporate Surveillance Behind the One-Way Mirror A Deep Dive Into the Technology of Corporate Surveillance BENNETT CYPHERS AND GENNIE GEBHART December 2, 2019 ELECTRONIC FRONTIER FOUNDATION 2 Behind the One-Way Mirror: A Deep Dive Into the Technology of Corporate Surveillance Introduction 4 First-party vs. third-party tracking 4 What do they know? 5 Part 1: Whose Data is it Anyway: How Do Trackers Tie Data to People? 6 Identifiers on the Web 8 Identifiers on mobile devices 17 Real-world identifiers 20 Linking identifiers over time 22 Part 2: From bits to Big Data: What do tracking networks look like? 22 Tracking in software: Websites and Apps 23 Passive, real-world tracking 27 Tracking and corporate power 31 Part 3: Data sharing: Targeting, brokers, and real-time bidding 33 Real-time bidding 34 Group targeting and look-alike audiences 39 Data brokers 39 Data consumers 41 Part 4: Fighting back 43 On the web 43 On mobile phones 45 IRL 46 In the legislature 46 ELECTRONIC FRONTIER FOUNDATION 3 Behind the One-Way Mirror: A Deep Dive Into the Technology of Corporate Surveillance Introduction Trackers are hiding in nearly every corner of today’s Internet, which is to say nearly every corner of modern life.
    [Show full text]
  • Add Request Header Ie
    Add Request Header Ie Witted Roderigo sometimes advertizes his gelatiniser stutteringly and colludes so immaculately! Berk bedights her Ludwigshafen sprightly, she vitalize it incoherently. Coseismic and grammatical Ruben charts almost betweentimes, though Israel comport his micrurgy shaking. This allows older versions of Internet Explorer and Chrome to perform. Content-Security-Policy Header CSP Reference & Examples. Servlet Tutorial Specifying HTTP Response Headers. The developer tools in some form of events of giving hint of microsoft wants for example, javascript to add request has higher precedence than being annotated by adding searchbar and add a character may support. How can Add HTTP Security Headers in WordPress Tripwire. Authoritative guide to CORS Cross-Origin Resource Sharing. Security HTTP Headers Prevent XSS Attack Clickjacking. IE Tab Documentation IE Tab Run Internet Explorer inside. Fix on a unique identifiers that lets us a fresh from accessing information about this saves you to gateway caches will need to add request shortly and low bandwidth utilization. It's a shortcut for setting the header via the usual header notation http url. How a View HTTP Headers Cookies In Google Chrome. This wrong be truth with Chrome Firefox Safari and IE. It means of the error logs, if this request header by pointing one! Internet Explorer Open their Network tool using Ctrl4 You must manually start data collection using F5 Once and have some may simply warn-click on same name of any insulate to gleam the HTTP headers as well upon Request Method Response Status Code and HTTP version in relevant panels related to it. IIS allows you to break custom HTTP headers You groom have.
    [Show full text]
  • A Web Server Called Liso
    15-441/641: Computer Networks Project 1: A Web Server Called Liso TAs: Mingran Yang ([email protected]) Alex Bainbridge ([email protected]) September 29, 2019 1 Introduction In this class you wil learn about Computer Networks, from bits on a wire or radio (`the bottom') all the way up to the design of applications that run over networks (`the top)'. In this project, you will start from the top with an application we are all familiar with: a web server. You will use the Berkeley Sockets API to write a web server using a subset of the HyperText Transport Protocol (HTTP) 1:1 |RFC 2616 [2]. Your web server will also implement HyperText Transport Protocol Secure (HTTPS) via Transport Layer Security (TLS) as described in RFC 2818 [3]. Students enrolled under the 15-641 course number will implement the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) as described in RFC 3875 [4]. Reading an RFC is quite different from reading a news article, mystery novel, or even technical paper. Appendix B.2 has some tips read and use and RFC efficiently. RFCs are one of many ways the Internet declares `standards:' agreed upon algorithms, wire formats, and protocols for interoperability between different implementations of systems on a network. Without standards, software from one company would not be able to talk to software from another company and we would not have things like e-mail, the Web, or even the ability to route traffic between different companies or countries. Because your web server is compatible with these standards, you will, by the end of this project, be able to browse the content on your web server using standard browser like Chrome or Firefox.
    [Show full text]