1 Dear Valued Customers & Gardening Friends, 4 Easy Ways to Order Welcome to our 2020 catalog! Online www.SouthernExposure.com This year we welcome 25 new Our online store contains everything varieties to the catalog, and welcome in our catalog and more! Browse our website or back other varieties. save time with our online Quick Order form. Some interesting new varieties: Mason Marvel, Ph. D tomato (p. 52) Phone (540) 894-9480 is a tomato selected for more than 55 Our phone hours are: years for great flavor and vigor. 9 am–5 pm, M–F, January 1–May 31, and Yellowstone (p. 12) is a sweet and 11 am–3 pm, M–F, June 1–December 31 vigorous yellow carrot, great for (EST). making rainbow carrot salads. Chou Please have your order and credit card ready. Cheh Red watermelon (p. 58) is a Chinese variety that was the favorite Fax (540) 266-1021 in our 2019 watermelon tastings. Fax your order anytime 24/7. Please use the Looney (p. 15) is a rare old Southern order form on page 87 or download one at white dent corn famous for its great www.SouthernExposure.com flavor. Jaloro (p. 43) is a lovely yellow weeks, as a way of breaking down Mail P.O. Box 460 jalapeño pepper that really impressed us in our 2018 vegetation faster without machinery Mineral, VA, 23117 jalapeño trials, with big, early yields of colorful peppers. (see The Market Farmer, p. 78). And Please use the order form on page 87. And Lion’s Ear flower (p. 69) is a huge plant with orange we set aside a field to try out no-till flowers that’re well-loved by butterflies and growing, doing a LOT of mulching, Complete ordering instructions & hummingbirds. thanks to a neighbor we’ve been conditions can be found on page 86. Back this year are Red Metamorph marigolds (p. getting a lot of wood chips from. The 69), Violet’s Multicolored Butterbeans (p. 9), Kevin’s field’s doing well so far (it’s in the Early Orange sweet pepper (p. 40), and Mayo Indian group photo on this page) – we’ll see amaranth (p. 74). We were fortunate to have had pretty how it does in future years! A new book this year, The good weather this summer here in our area of central Organic No-Till Farming Revolution (p. 77), has Brief Index Virginia – mostly about the right amount of heat and interesting ideas from growers in many different areas Complete index on page 91. rain. August and September were hotter than usual, and trying out different techniques. October was mild – frost was two weeks late. Climate change is worrying. On our farm, there’s a Vegetables...... 5–59 2017 and 2018 had been cooler and wetter than back pasture that we’ve never kept up with well enough usual here, so for 2019, we mostly erred on the side of to get good hay off of; we’re letting those 5 acres go back Cotton ...... 67–68 planting into raised beds for all our crops, to make sure to meadows and woods, so as to provide more wild Garlic ...... 20–21 that we wouldn’t have crops drowning and rotting. So, habitat, and help offset deforestation elsewhere. Mushrooms...... 30 of course, we mostly didn’t need to do this… but some Ira’s been busy writing! Her book Growing heavy rains in September and October did have us glad Vegetables for the Southeast continues to be popular, so Perennial Onions...... 35 that some crops were still in their raised beds! her publisher asked her to write some state-by-state Herbs ...... 60–65 Elsewhere, growers didn’t have it as good – heavy versions of the book. In March 2020 the local versions spring rains in the Midwest made it hard to get corn for Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Flowers ...... 66–73 crops in, and Arkansas had heavy rains as well. and Tennessee will be published – see p. 77 for more Grains & Cover Crops...... 74–77 Tennessee folks were super dry in late summer, and out info! West, all the growers we know had early fall frosts As always, we had a great time at 2019’s Heritage Books & DVDs ...... 77–80 hurting their crops. Harvest Festival at Monticello. We hope you’ll join us at Supplies...... 80–81 Besides growing seed crops, we enjoyed getting to next year’s festival in September. See page 4 for more! trial a lot of new varieties this summer, including beans, Mixes & Sampler Packs.... 82 flowers, peppers, okra, and tomatoes – look for a lot of We wish you an abundant harvest! Potatoes ...... 83 interesting new varieties to come in the next few years! – All the Folks at SESE In recent years, we’ve been trying to Sweet Potatoes ...... 84 reduce the amount of tillage on our farm, for a variety =of reasons (conserving Our Events See our full calendar at Seed Savers Exchange nutrients, using less fuel, keeping more SouthernExposure.com or like us on Conference July 17–18, 2020 carbon stored in the soil, etc.) We’ve been Calendar Facebook. We donate 10% of winter Decorah, Iowa seedsavers.org using tarps to cover fields, usually for 2-4 event sales (through March 21) to Virginia Biological Farming benefit the Organic Seed Alliance. Polyface Farm Mother Earth Conference January 11–13 News Fair July 17–18, 2020 Roanoke, VA vabf.org Swoope, VA Mother Earth News Fair motherearthnewsfair.com Future Harvest CASA February 15–16 Belton,TX Garden Planner Cultivate The Chesapeake motherearthnewsfair.com Heritage Harvest Festival at SouthernExposure.com/gardenplanner Foodshed January 16–18 Monticello September TBD Organic Seed Growers Charlottesville, VA Hyattsville, MD Conference futureharvestcasa.org February 12–15 heritageharvestfestival.com Could you use help with garden planning? Corvalis, OR seedalliance.org Our simple, powerful online tool helps Southern Sustainable Mother Earth News Fair manage your garden throughout the season Agriculture Working Group 2020 OAK Conference March September 25–27 Seven oak-ky.org and from year to year. (SSAWG) Conference January 6–7 Louisville, KY Springs, PA 1 Easily map plantings 22–25 Little Rock, AR Organic Growers School motherearthnewsfair.com 1 Organize crop rotations ssawg.org Spring Conference March 7–8 Mother Earth News Fair 1 Twice-a-month email planting reminders PASA Farming for the Future Asheville, NC October TBD Topeka, KS organicgrowersschool.org 1 Order seeds directly from the planner Conference Feb 5–8 Lancaster, motherearthnewsfair.com Try it free for a week – then you decide PA pasafarming.org Nashville Mother Earth News Annual Sustainable whether to subscribe for just $29 per year. Georgia Organics Conference Fair May 16–17 Nashville, TN Agriculture Conference, CFSA motherearthnewsfair.com February 7–8 Athens, GA November TBD Durham, NC 2 georgiaorganics.org carolinafarmstewards.org remarkable world of heirloom tomatoes, told Remembering Carolyn Male their stories and is beautifully photographed. It is June 26, 1939–June 14, 2019 such a pleasure to have contributed seeds to By Craig LeHoullier, North Carolina Tomato Man & author of Epic Tomatoes many of the varieties that she featured in the book. My heirloom seed-strewn friendship with When it became difficult for Carolyn to start Carolyn Male began in 1990 with a letter that her seedlings, she still wished to grow her many arrived in the mail. It was a Seed Savers Ex- recent heirloom tomato acquisitions. Some of change request, and the beginning of a long her garden friends started plants and shipped and fruitful friendship. Carolyn was a New them to her to grow. In 2011, Sue and I traveled York gardener just dipping her toes into the to Massachusetts for our niece’s college gradua- SSE herself at that time, putting our heirloom tion. We chose a route that took us to Carolyn’s paths in proximity; my long-time association house, allowing an in-person plant delivery and with SSE began just a few years before, in my first chance to meet her face to face. Sue and 1986. Shown below is Carolyn’s profile in the I spent hours there, talking tomatoes and more. 1996 SSE yearbook, showing her typically for “commercial heirlooms” listed by seed com- Above left is a picture of our meeting. folksy and informative style. panies before hybrids became the big thing. We Most recently, Carolyn, with growing physi- Carolyn’s passing in June brought an end to a both found pleasure in reintroducing varieties cal challenges, maintained her presence on the frequently close, sometimes stormy and ultimate- that were thought to be extinct, such as the Liv- internet sharing her knowledge and opinions ly fragile friendship that spanned 29 years and ingston variety Magnus. (which she never ran short of!) and grew what she countless sharing of seeds of all sorts. Mostly, we We co-published the heirloom tomato news- could, helped by local friends. We drifted apart shared lots of seeds. By 2009, Carolyn supplied letter Off the Vine. We always felt like we were in these later years as our lives took very different me with 130 different varieties of tomato seeds. running behind, had no idea really what we were paths - inevitable, but sad, nonetheless. Some real favorites from her generosity include doing (except sharing our parallel passions with Carolyn was part of a stellar group of the SSE Soldacki, Opalka, Eva Purple Ball, Jaune heirloom tomatoes), but it was a fun three years tomato people - Ben Quisenberry, Thane Earle, Flamme, Cuostralee, Sandul Moldovan, Druzba, doing so. (I hope to make the newsletters avail- Faxon Stinnett, Edmund Brown, Gary Staley, Zogola, Orange Strawberry, Indian Stripe and able again someday, perhaps in a small book). Calvin Wait, and more recently, Glenn Drowns, Neves Azorean Red. Below is the front page of Vol. 1, Issue 1. Bill Minkey, Neil Lockhart, Jeff Fleming and me. Carolyn and I found great joy in hunting We were both contributors to various on-line She provided lots of history and detailed tomato through the USDA GRIN database, searching gardening forums, the main ones being Garden descriptions in her hundreds of seed listings. I Web and Tomatoville. Caro- suspect that receiving seed requests, packaging up lyn had far more patience and sending seed samples was one of the true joys than I when it came to pro- of her life. The garden world suffered a significant viding answers to the many loss with Carolyn’s passing. She lives on through tomato question that were the many tomatoes she introduced, working with posed. It certainly aligned various seed compa- with her career as a teacher. nies such as South- She held strong opinions for ern Exposure Seed sure. We butted heads more Exchange; fruits of than once, but that’s what her efforts are clearly friends do. displayed in these Carolyn was the first of pages. Our gardens the two of us with a pub- are more diverse and lished book; in 1999, 100 interesting due to Heirloom Tomatoes for the Carolyn Male and American Garden was re- her heirloom seed Dr. Carolyn cherry tomato, leased. It documented the passions.e named in her honor

Metric Madness! Our Guarantee Order online for fastest service & largest selection: We indicate weight in grams We guarantee that you will be 100% satisfied with www.SouthernExposure.com for most sizes. You may find our seeds, bulbs, slips, and accessories, or we will these conversions helpful. replace the dissatisfactory item or refund the pur- You’ll find everything in our catalog, plus: chase price according to your choice. We do not - updated availability - more growing guides 28 g = 1 oz sell, rent, or exchange any customer names, phone 114 g = 4 oz = ¼ lb numbers, e-mail addresses or other information - our Blog - retail stores that sell our seeds 227 g = 8 oz = ½ lb from our mailing list. See Ordering Information - profiles of 20+ farms that grow seeds for us 454 g = 16 oz = 1 lb on page 86 for complete details. - our popular Seed Saving handout - Fall & Winter Quick Reference ....and more!

AAS Winners All-America Selections (AAS) is an in- ® Especially Well-Suited to the Southeast: These varieties thrive dependent, non-profit organization that tests new varieties then in the conditions particular to the southeastern United States. All introduces only the best garden performers as AAS Winners. our varieties are well-adapted to the mid-Atlantic, but varieties with this symbol are particularly well suited to hot, humid summers. Open Source Seeds Ark of Taste 6 Heirloom: We define heirlooms as varieties introduced before The OSSI Pledge: The Ark of Taste 1940. Our definition is stricter than that used by many others. You have the is a listing of S Seed from Small Farms: Seeds from small farmers in our freedom to use rare traditional seed grower network. Most of these farms are family- these OSSI- Pledged seeds in any way foods compiled owned. Some are cooperatives. For farmer profiles, see you choose. In return, you pledge not to by the Slow Food movement above, and more on our website. restrict others’ use of these seeds or their to protect these products from derivatives by patents or other means, and extinction and encourage good, OG USDA Certified Organic:by Quality Certification to include this Pledge with any transfer of clean, fair food for all. Services. Our organic certificate is online at these seeds or their derivatives. www.SouthernExposure.com. 3 We’re proud to help sponsor the Charlottesville area Buy Fresh Buy Local Guide. ThePiedmont Environmental Council launched Virginia’s first BFBL chapter. Their work has inspired us to be more active in support of local food and farms. We hope you will be inspired as well. The website and guides explain why and how to buy from local growers, food artisans, farmers’ markets, institutions, and restaurants. To learn more, visit: BuyLocalVirginia.org and pecva.org We’re donating 30% of your purchase of our Welcome-to-the-Garden Pollinator Collection (pg. 82) and Virginia Heritage Seed Sampler (pg. 82) to the Piedmont Environmental Council.

Seeds for Schools Make your next fundraiser a bountiful experience! We help schools and other worthy organizations to raise money by selling easy-to-grow four packet beginner seed collections. Send email inquiries to: [email protected] Register for our free monthly email: monticello.org/farmandgarden

Plant a Row for the Hungry Support those in need in our local communities. Learn how to get started in your

town: www.gardenwriters.org/Par/ SouthernExposure.com Visit us online: us Visit x{{{|hFEJBH{|{80432)|{{{y Seed Programs International works Southern Exposure Southern Exposure to provide quality seed to impoverished Seed Exchange Retail Seed Racks Seed Exchange Tomato Solanum lycopersicum communities in developing countries. In Provide support (trellises or tall cages) for GermanCherokee Chamomile Purple healthier plants and easier harvest. PortulacaSolanum lycopersicumoleracea o you know of a store, gardenCulture: Sow indoors center, in shallow pots or flor ats in Tˆ‰Š‹ˆH addition to seed, SPI provides critical seed early spring, 6 weeks before average last frost. Keep the seedlings at 75–85°F during the day, 50– Saving the Past for the Future co-op that should sell Southern60°F at night. Transplant Exposure to 3 in. pots when 3–4 Heirloom, 1890. expertise and experience operating seed-based true leaves develop. Harden off and transplant to the garden after average last frost. Protect the 80–85 days. Very self-help programs. Learn more or make a seedlings with covers if frost threatens! Apply large, unique, dusky seeds?  ey should knowthick organic mulch.about Provide fertile, well-drained soil rich in phosphorous and even moisture. Days purple fruits with donation: www.seedprograms.org to maturity are from transplanting. purple interiors. our Retail Seed RacksHarvest: program. Tomatoes are ripe after turning color. Harvest frequently to promote production. Store Remarkable  avor. over 50°F; refrigeration diminishes the fl avor. Sometimes called • over 300 organic & heirloomSeed Savers: To save varieties seeds for home planting, a black tomato. isolate from other tomatoes by at least 35 ft. The Safe Seed Pledge Reportedly of • spinning wire racks, handmadeSouthern Exposure Seed Exchange Cherokee origin. A Worker Owned Cooperative Indeterminate. Agriculture and seeds provide the basis upon which our PO Box 460, Mineral, VA 23117 lives depend. We must protect this foundation as a safe wooden racks & a ordable(540) 894-9480 cardboard · Certifi ed Organic by QCS 0.16 gram ≈50 seeds and genetically stable source for future generations. For the racks in a range of sizes #49106 benefit of all farmers, gardeners, and consumers who want an alternative, we pledge that we do not knowingly buy or • beautifully illustrated retail packets

sell genetically engineered seeds or plants. The mechanical • convenient online ordering system

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methods and between genera, families, or kingdoms ¼" Contact our seed rack team: [email protected] Soil poses great biological risks, as well as economic, political, and cultural threats. We feel that genetically engineered www.SouthernExposure.com/seedracks (540) 894-7890 varieties have been insufficiently tested prior to public release. Further, we wish to support agricultural practice that encourages healthier soils, genetically diverse agricultural ecosystems, and ultimately, We offer gift people and communities. Gift Certificates certificates in any whole dollar amount. Simply Books by send us the name and full address of the recipient SESE’s own Seed Storage along with payment. We will send a catalog Ira Wallace, Most seeds can be stored for more than a year if with the gift certificate code. You may include a plus our kept clean, cool, dry, and out of light. Some seeds personal message to the recipient. friend and (onions, parsnips, salsify, spinach, supersweet corn) neighbor are only good for a year unless stored well. For Pam long-term storage, store packets in a larger container Donation Seeds Dawling: (such as an airtight tupperware or a mason jar with See pgs. 77–79. a two-piece lid) and tightly seal for storage in your We donate seeds to worthy causes. Read about fridge or freezer. (Be careful to let the container our program on our website – we donated to 4warm to room temperature before opening.) more than 170 organizations in 2019. Artichokes Beans Phaseolus vulgaris Cynara scolymus Culture: Beans grow well in any well-drained garden soil, but do best in soils with pH above 6.0. Culture: In the mid-At- After the last frost, plant seeds 1 in. deep and 2 in. apart in rows 12–18 in. apart, thinning to 4 in. lantic region it can be apart. Beans may benefit from a source of soluble nitrogen (if your soil is low in nitrogen) during the difficult to over-winter first 3 weeks until nitrogen-fixing nodules develop, but do not apply nitrogen after this period. Dark- artichokes. We only offer and Light-Seeded Beans: Dark-seeded beans are more resistant to rotting in cool soil than light-seeded annual artichokes that are Imperial Star beans. Beans need a minimum soil temperature of 65°F to germinate well, otherwise seeds may rot. able to produce in one Succession: Plant every 3 weeks for a steady supply. Hot weather: in deep summer heat, flowers may season. Sow indoors 2 months before last not set pods; southern peas and asparagus beans are more reliable producers at these times. Harvest: frost, ½ in. apart and ¼ in. deep. Germinate Pick when pods are small, before seeds fill the pods. Keep well picked so that plants continue to bear. at 70–80°F, then transplant to 2–4 in. pots Storage: Keep dry – wet beans will mold in storage. Diseases: Rotate on a 3-year cycle if disease is a at 60–70°F day and 50–60°F at night; by problem. Don’t cultivate or harvest when foliage is wet since anthracnose, bacterial blight, and rust two months transplant outdoors, 2–3 ft. diseases may be spread. Avoid watering plants in the evening. Mulch plants to prevent rain from apart and protect from frost. splashing dirt on beans. Insect Pests: Use rotenone, or introduce the Pedio Wasp (Pediobus foveolatus) to give excellent biological control of Mexican bean beetles. Seed Savers: Isolate bean varieties a mini- Imperial Star OG ® The first artichoke bred to produce in one season. #09101 Pkt (1 g, mum of 25 ft. for home use. For pure seed an isolation distance of 100–150 ft. is required. Packet: 1 ~24 seeds) $3.50 oz (28 g) unless otherwise indicated (about 50–105 seeds depending on variety) sows 10–18 ft. Maxibel OG ® 55 Purple-Podded Bush Beans Snap Beans (Bush Plants) days. One of the best gourmet French Royalty Purple Pod OG 51 [1957.] Blue Lake Bush (Blue “haricot vert” beans. days. Has a natural Lake 274) OG ® 55 Sturdy bush plants blanching indicator: the days. A vigorous bush produce abundant purple pods blanch to green producing round yields of dark green, after 2 minutes of boiling. Easy to pick – purple pods pods with fine flavor. pencil thin, flavorful Maxibel Prolific. Resistant to 7 in. pods in a are easily visible against the bean mosaic virus. concentrated set for green foliage. Plants have easy picking. The stringless beans hold well on short runners and need 15–18 in. plants with Royalty Purple Pod mostly stringless 6–8 the plants. Folks have been asking us for years either wide row spacing or in. pods. Excellent for for this one; we’re happy to finally have a good a fence for climbing. 5 in. pods are slightly curved. Very meaty and flavor- freezing or canning. Blue Lake Bush supply to offer! #13201 Pkt (14 g, ~60 seeds) #13104 Pkt (~76 $2.50; #13201F (¼ lb) $6.25 ful, great for soup. Buff-colored seeds germinate seeds) $2.75; #13104F (¼ lb) $4.75 well in cool soil. #13351 Pkt (~79 seeds) $2.75 Provider OG ® 48 days. [In- Drying Beans (Bush Plants) troduced by Dr. Hoffman of South Harvest dried pods before rains so seeds won’t mold Carolina in inside pods. Continue drying pods for 2–4 weeks 1965.] A favorite indoors or under cover before shelling and storing. of many market growers, this Black Turtle OG S ® 6 100 widely adapt- days. Great soup bean. Small, ed snap bean Provider black beans, 4-5 per pod. Seeds offers heavy early have a very delicate skin, and Contender yields. Virus resistant and slow to wilt. 16–18 when cooked, make a creamy in. plants with 5–8 in. green beans. #13110 soup. Good drought tolerance, Contender OG ® (Buff Valentine) 49 days. Pkt (~82 seeds) $2.75; #13110F (¼ lb) $4.75; some bean beetle resistance. [1949, SC/AES. Possibly derived from pre-1855 #13110G (½ lb) $6.75 #13407 Pkt (~175 seeds) $2.95; #13407F (¼ lb) Early Valentine.] The best early green bean Romano 14 ® 54 Black Turtle for gardeners who desire good flavor, disease $5.75; #13407G (1 lb) days. Excellent flavor. $9.75 resistance, and high yield. 5½ in. long pods. Good for canning, Fairly hardy under adverse conditions and well freezing, and fresh Jacob’s Cattle OG ® suited to greenhouse use. Resistant to com- eating. An Arkansas 6 86 days. [Popular mon bean mosaic virus (race 1) and tolerant customer tells us he northern heirloom, of powdery mildew. #13103 Pkt (~50 seeds) prefers the mature seed though it was likely $2.75; #13103F (¼ lb) $4.75; #13103G (½ to pintos! Stringless developed in VA by Ja- lb) $6.75; #13103H (1 lb) $10.25 thick, flat pods, 3/4 × cob Trout.] Beautiful New! Gold Rush 6 in. Low, spreading Romano 14 and distinctive seeds. Yellow Wax OG plants. Excellent re- Large, kidney-shaped Jacob’s Cattle S ® 52 days. 5-6 sistance to rust makes beans are spotted with in. tender stringless this variety high yielding for fall maroon markings pods have good crops. #13105 Pkt (~60 seeds) on a white coat. Excellent for baking flavor, are easy to $2.50; #13105F (¼ lb) $4.50; and soups. #13402 Pkt (~45 seeds) pick, hold well #13105G (½ lb) $6.50 $2.75; #13402F (¼ lb) $4.75; on the plants, #13402G (½ lb) $6.75; #13402H Tanya’s Pink Pod OG S ® 6 (1 lb) $10.25 and have great 60 days. Romano-type beans disease resistance Gold Rush from a sport of ‘Sequoia.’ Flat Bush drying beans – what’s not to pods are a lovely mottled green like? #13302 Pkt and phosphorescent pink. (Pink continue on the $2.75; #13302F (¼ lb) $5.75 color fades when cooked.) next page. #13371 Pkt (~67 seeds) $3.25 Tanya’s Pink Pod ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Beans 5 Bush Drying Beans Continued Kebarika OG S ® Small Red OG S ® 6 75 days. [Kenyan 75 days. 14 in. tall heirloom.] Sturdy semi-bush plants upright plants tend to sprawl a bit, Cherokee produce loads of and produce small, Cornfield dark purple mottled dark-red beans. Very beans. 6 in. pods, 5 productive. 4-6 Cherokee Cornfield S ® 6 58 days. Heir- large seeds/pod. The beans/pod. #13409 loom with pretty earthtone shades and mark- window for picking Pkt (~97 seeds) ings. Yields well, especially when grown up corn as a snap bean is $2.95; #13409F (¼ stalks. The story goes that the different color small, but it excels as lb) $5.75 varieties should not be separated out or else they a dry shell bean that Small Red will barely flower – that much like a family, they Tiger Eye OG S ® tolerates heat and 6 are stronger when kept together. Traditionally drought well. Widely 55 days fresh eaten as a shelly bean – boil the pods like one adapted. #13406 Pkt shell bean, 80 days would with edamame, then pop the small beans dry bean. [Heirloom (~50 seeds) $2.95; Kebarika out of their pods. #13513 Seed Saver Pkt (14 #13406F (¼ lb) from Chile/Argenti- g, ~42 seeds) $2.50 $6.25 na.] Versatile bean can be used three Donald Todd Half-Runner Pinto OG S ® ways. When young S ® 65 days. [Family heir- 6 90 days. A it’s a snap bean loom of Tennessee grower Steve wonderful shelling (green to light yel- Todd, whose father Donald first bean. Traditionally low), when the pods started saving it. Introduced used for refried 2017 by SESE.] For more fill it makes a great Tiger Eye beans, they cook fresh shelling bean than 50 years the Todd family up smooth and (beans are mostly has been saving seeds for creamy with great white at this stage), and when fully mature it’s a this bean, selecting for more flavor. 4-6 beans dried bean with colors like a tiger’s eye (orange tender pods like half runners per pod. #13408 with maroon stripes). The beans have a wonder- should have. 5-5½ in. plump Donald Todd Pkt (~101 seeds) ful rich flavor and smooth texture. The tender green pods. #13253 Pkt (~66 Half-Runner $2.95; #13408F skins disappear in cooking. #13411 Pkt (~40 seeds) $3.25 (1 lb) $6.25 Pinto seeds) $2.95; #13411F (1 lb) $6.25 Back! Genuine Cornfield S ® 6 (Scotia, Striped Creaseback) 83 Snap Beans (Pole & Cornfield) days. [Possibly of Culture: Pole beans usually bear later than bush beans and generally give higher yields, usually bear- pre-Columbian ori- ing for six or more weeks. Poles or other means of support should be at least 8 ft. high. Sow seeds 1 gin, one of the oldest in. deep. Along a trellis, sow seeds 4 in. apart, thinning to 8–12 in. apart. With a bean teepee, sow beans cultivated by 6–8 seeds around the base of each pole. Corn plants may be used as bean poles. We recommend us- the Iroquois, who used ing tall, sturdy dent corns like Tennessee Red Cob, Pungo Creek Butcher, and Hickory King. Note: it as a corn soup bean Only certain varieties of beans are shade tolerant and adapted to growing in corn, though most grow and bread bean. In well along the outside rows. Packet: 1 oz (28 g) unless stated (about 75–115 seeds depending on the Cayuga Iroquois Genuine variety) sows 12–18 poles. dialect its name means Cornfield ‘wampum bean.’] Aunt Ada’s Italian S Black-Seeded Shade tolerant, an ® 6 63 days. [Italian Kentucky Wonder old favorite for growing with corn. Straight 5-7 heirloom, brought to S ® 6 75 days. in. pods, gray-brown seeds with brown mottles Colorado ~1900 by [Central Ohio heir- and stripes. Best harvested before seeds fill the the Botanelli family. loom. Original seed pods. Strung pods are tender even in the shelly Introduced by Turtle from Tom Knoche’s stage. Produces very well during high heat. A Tree Seeds.] Tasty and Aunt Marge, who Black-Seeded valuable variety for keeping the nitrogen in your productive. 3-3½ in. kept this variety alive Kentucky Wonder corn patch. #13501 Pkt (~102 seeds) $3.25 pods best harvested Aunt Ada’s Italian for 60 years.] Germi- when seeds are plump. nates well in cool soil. Good flavor and texture. Grandma Nellie’s Yellow Mushroom OG S Uniquely squarish tan seeds are also good when 6–8 in. stringless, fleshy, fiberless pods. #13511 ® 6 56 days. dry. #13520 Pkt (~72 seeds) $3.25 Pkt (~90 seeds) $3.25 [Original seed from Marge Mozelisky, Aunt Bea’s S ® 6 60 days. given to her by [Family heirloom, original her grandmother.] seed courtesy of Gil Gillespie Has the unusual via sisters Beatrice and Bernice characteristic of Heuser who brought the beans tasting somewhat from Louisiana to Norfolk, VA like mushrooms ~1960. Introduced 2015 by when cooked. Ten- SESE.] 4-6 in. curved pods, der when picked green with purple streaks. Case Knife at 5 in., this bean Vigorous plants, give this is a true treasure. Grandma Nellie’s one extra space on the trellis. Aunt Bea’s Case Knife OG S ® 6 60 days. [Bertie County, Heavy yielder of “Rebranching” habit gives NC] Large pods, up to 9 in. long. Brown seeds. light yellow pods. new growth and more beans right up to frost. Stringless and quite flavorful when picked #13512 Pkt (~78 #13518 Pkt (~92 seeds) $3.25 small. Sets well even in hot weather. We started seeds) $3.25 carrying these in 2019, and they’re already a cus- 6 Beans tomer favorite! #13522 Pkt (~88 seeds) $3.25 www.SouthernExposure.com Greasy Beans (Pole Beans) Greasy beans are a southern Appalachian specialty, mostly found in SE Kentucky and western North Carolina. The pods have a shiny/hairless look to them, hence “greasy”; the hairless pods keep fresh longer. Old-timers love them for their great texture and flavor, and will tell you that any bean that Kentucky Wonder doesn’t have to be stringed isn’t worth eating! Cherokee Greasy S ® 6 Kentucky Wonder OG ® 6(Old Homestead) [Pre-1864, first known as ‘Texas Pole.’] 72 days. [Cherokee 66 days. Rattlesnake heirloom via Sustainable Popular since its introduction, though it has ® Mountain Agriculture undergone some change over the years. Resistant Rattlesnake 56 days. A heavy producer in the Center.] to bean rust. 8 in. pods, stringless and tender 4 in. pods, hot, humid areas of the coastal Mid-Atlantic and 7–10 seeds/pod, best when small. Use fresh, for canning and freezing, South where sandy soil prevails. Steamed snaps or as a dry bean. #13503 Pkt (~75 seeds) $2.75; as shelly or dried are sweet, rich, and full flavored. Stringless when beans. This prolific #13503F (¼ lb) $4.75; #13503G (½ lb) $6.75; pods are small to medium size. Vigorous vines #13503H (1 lb) $10.25 white-seeded greasy is bear 7 in. round purple-streaked pods containing still grown on the res- ® buff-colored seeds splashed with brown. #13508 Back! Logan Giant S Pkt (~77 seeds) $2.50; #13508F (¼ lb) $4.50; ervation at Cherokee, 6 NC. #13605 Seed Cherokee 71 days. [Appalachian #13508G (½ lb) $6.50; #13508H (1 lb) $9.50 Greasy heirloom, seedstock courtesy Saver Packet™ (14 g, John Woodworth. Customer Selma Zesta OG S ® 6 ~50 seeds) $2.75 Bill Meade says his family 54 days [Heirloom from Lazy Wife Greasy has been growing this one for S the J. C. Metze family of ® 6 71 days. [Mad- over 100 years!] 6-8 ft tall Newberry, SC, offered by cornfield bean, large medi- ison, NC heirloom] Parks Seed in the 1960s.] Large, prolific greasy um-brown seeds. Good for Rattlesnake type. Lovely snapping, shelling, or drying bean. Easy-to-pick olive green pods speckled clusters are part of the for leather britches. #13514 Logan Giant with purple. Tasty pods at Pkt (~52 seeds) $3.25 reason for its name. any stage, even when large. Hairless “greasy” pods The seeds remain small in are thick, very fleshy, Lazy Wife the pods for a long time; it remaining tender until Greasy is the meat of the bean that Selma the beans are quite thickens, giving you a real Zesta large. Also a great shelly bean. #13603 Seed mouthful. Small beans are Saver Packet (14 g, ~46 seeds) $2.75 excellent eaten raw. Older, thicker beans make a great meat substitute in vegetarian meals. #13515 Pkt (~75 seeds) $3.25 Purple-Podded Pole Beans McCaslan Back! Blue Coco OG ® 6 62 days. [Pre-1775 McCaslan ® 6 70 days. [Introduced 1912, French heirloom.] The though it was grown well before 1900 by the Mc- name refers to the blu- Casland family in GA.] Southern favorite with ish-purple color of the delicious flavor. Good as a stringless snap bean, pods and the chocolate and as a green or dry shell (white-seeded) bean. (coco) color of the seeds. Productive vines bear slightly flattened 7 in. Purple-tinged leaves. dark-green pods. Pods are finely-grained, fleshy, Turkey Craw Fleshy, slightly curved flattened pods range and brittle. Drought tolerant vines produce Blue Coco all season if closely picked. #13505 Pkt (~78 Turkey Craw ® 6 67 days. [Heirloom from VA, from 6 to 7½ in. long, seeds) $2.50; #13505F (¼ lb) $4.50; #13505G NC, and TN. According to folklore, a hunter shot a and have a nice meaty (½ lb) $6.50 turkey and removed a bean from its craw; the bean flavor. Produces under hot, dry conditions. was later planted and saved, hence the name Turkey #13752 Pkt (~74 seeds) $3.25 Craw.] Often used as a cornfield bean. Excellent Dean’s Purple S ® 6 fresh flavor. Good canned. Similar to other beans 52 days. [Family heir- for freezing and drying quality (“leather britches loom from TN. Supplied on a shuck”). Pods grow 3½–4 in. long and cling to us courtesy Seed Savers to the vines. Seeds are buff, frosted with brown on Mark Schonbeck, Valerie one end. #13510 Pkt (~104 seeds) $3.25 Lyle, and Dean Turley. Withner White Cornfield S ® 6 63 days. Dean received the beans NT Half-Runner [Indiana heirloom, as a gift from a student named for Dr. Carl whose family brought ® it to Frost Bottom, TN, NT Half-Runner S73 days. In recent years Withner.] One of Dean’s Purple the commercial strains of white half-runner Carol Deppe’s favorite where they settled 150 beans have been contaminated by pods with beans for growing in years ago.] Plants form tough hulls. Bill Best of the Sustainable Moun- corn patches. String- a gorgeous purple and green screen loaded with tain Agriculture Center spent years carefully less flat green pods vivid 5–6 in. purple beans. Save both light and selecting this variety to bring back the tender with white seeds, great dark seeds to replant for more tender pods and a finer taste. Good bean beetle resistance. #13602 hulls they should have! Great production and flavor. #13519 Seed TM flavor. 4-6 in. pods, white seeds. #13251 Pkt Saver PacketTM (14 g, Withner White Seed Saver Pkt (14 g, ~46 seeds) $2.50 (~87 seeds) $3.75; #13251F (1 lb) $8.25 ~42 seeds) $2.75 Cornfield ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Beans 7 Asparagus Beans Edamame (Soybeans) Fava Beans Vicia faba (Long Beans) Glycine max Culture: Favas have approximately the same Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis Culture: Edamame is very easy to grow—as easy cultural requirements as peas. Sow seeds 4–6 in. as growing any bush bean. It’s planted the same apart in rows 18–36 in. apart. Use as a frost-tol- Culture: Asparagus or “yard-long” beans way as bush beans, and a mature soybean plant erant, spring-planted lima bean substitute from originated in Southern Asia and are now grown (edamame plant) is 2–5 ft. tall. After the soil has Virginia northward. Fava beans thrive in cool, extensively in Asia, Europe and more recently warmed to 65°F, sow seeds 1 in. deep and 2+ rainy areas. Plant so that plants are flowering the U.S. Although they resemble pole snap in. apart, in rows 15–30 in. apart. Don’t rush when daytime temperatures average less than beans, they are more closely related to south- planting; if the soil isn’t warm enough, seeds 70°F. From Virginia northward, favas are planted ern peas (cowpeas). Asparagus beans are called will not germinate. Do succession plantings for in the spring, whereas in Gulf Coast states and “Dow Gauk” in China and “Sasage” in Japan. an extended harvest. Harvest: Manually pick warm coastal areas they may be planted from Asparagus beans are easily grown; produce the immature green pods when 80–90% filled October to December for harvest in March. heavily; harvest easily; thrive in hot weather out. If pods are allowed to turn yellow much of Favas have a flavor that is similar to a blend of when snap beans may not produce; are slightly the quality is lost. Beans reach their maximum limas and peas, but are more nutritious than more resistant to drought than snap beans; are sweetness about a month after flowering. Qual- limas. For use as a snap bean, harvest the pods at much more resistant to bean beetles; and are ity is best when the pod is plump and bright 2–3 in. For use as a green shelled bean, harvest tolerant of a wide range of soils. Need warm green, similar to snow peas in color. Cooking: when pods are 4–7 in. long. Prepare in the same soil to germinate – sow a month after last frost. Most often served steamed in the shell – but manner as peas or beans. Caution: A small per- Grow in the same manner as pole beans or don’t eat the shell. Seed Savers: Isolate varieties a centage of people of Mediterranean descent may along a trellis, sow seeds 3/4 in. deep, 4 in. apart, minimum of 25 ft. for home use. Packet: (28 g) experience a hereditary reaction to fava beans. thinning to 8 in. One planting along a tall trellis (80-92 seeds depending on variety) sows 7-8 ft. Packet: 1–1½ oz. sows 8-16 ft. will produce well all season. Harvest: Harvest when pods reach 12–15 in., before the seeds fill Lanco OG S Broad Windsor OG ® 6 85 the pods. May be cooked like snap beans. Young ® 6 90 days. days. 2–3 ft. tall plants produce leaves and stems are also edible. Flavor: Sweet [Grown in 1 in. wide, 6–8 in. long pods and mild, resembling the combined flavor of Pennsylvania containing 5–6 large beans. asparagus, mushrooms, and beans. Serving sug- for many years, We love to substitute this bean gestion: Braid or tie into knots before cooking. “Lanco” is for chickpeas in hummus. Seed Savers: Isolate from southern peas and thought to stand #11201 Pkt (42 g, ~30 seeds) asparagus beans by a minimum of 10-20 ft. for for Lancaster $2.95; #11201F (¼ lb) $4.75; home use. For pure seed isolate 50 ft. Packet: County. May #11201G (½ lb) $8.25 Can- (4–7 g) (24–48 seeds, have come from not ship to Canada. depending on variety) sows Asia in the early 6–10 ft. Sweet Lorane OG S 95 1900s.] Large Lanco green seeds, days. [Bred by Steve Solomon.] Chinese Red Noodle Glossy seeds in pretty earth ® mild nutty S 59 days. Beans up sweet flavor. Harvest beans when the tops of tone shades are half the size Broad to 22 in. long. Similar to the plants start to lose their deep green color, of Broad Windsor and cook Windsor Purple Podded, but with but before the leaves start to turn yellow on faster. Very cold hardy (to superior flavor and texture. top. (There will always be a few yellow leaves at 10°F), an excellent nitrogen Red-purple pods. Red- the very bottom of the plants, that’s natural.) fixer, works well as a winter cover crop in mild brown seeds. #11104 Pkt Don’t wait until the beans fill out all the way to winter areas. #11203 Pkt (28 g, ~50 seeds) (4 g, ~24 seeds) $2.95 the end of the pods, this variety won’t do that. $2.75; #11203F (¼ lb) $5.75; #11203G (½ Hardy plants may grow 3–4 ft. tall if seeded lb) $8.75; #11203H (1 lb) $15.75 Cannot Green Pod Red Seed OG ship to Canada. S ® 6 58 days. [Pre- early. Early group V maturity. #11503 Pkt 1860.] 24–26 in. green (~80 seeds) $3.25; #11503F (¼ lb) $6.75; pods are tender to 18 in. #11503G (1 lb) $11.75 Lima Beans Phaseolus lunatus Pink red seeds. Always Tankuro S ® Culture: Limas need warmer soil than snap Chinese Red a reliable, trouble-free 65 days fresh shell beans. Wait to direct sow until at least 2 weeks Noodle variety that is bean, 90 days dry after last frost. Plant seeds 2–3 in. apart, thinning excellent for the home bean. For edama- to 4–6 in. Be sure the soil is well drained. Har- garden. #11102 Pkt (7 me, harvest when vest: Limas can be used fresh when beans fill the g, ~48 seeds) $3.25 pods are filled out pod, or they can be left to dry in the pod to be Purple Podded Yard but green. Also used as dried beans. Seed Savers: Isolate varieties by at least 160-500 ft. Packet: Seed size varies Long Bean OG S ® traditionally har- 79 days. Beautiful dark vested fully dry considerably: 1 oz (28 g) unless stated (20–85 and used as a dry seeds depending on variety), sows 6–20 ft. purple pods that retain Tankuro color when stir-fried. bean, such as in 18 in. long pods, tender Japanese kuroma- Bush Limas up to 12 in. Red-brown me. Black-seeded soybeans are quicker to cook seeds. Reliable and than most dry beans, and deemed to have a Fordhook 242 ® 65 prolific, takes heat well. richer flavor than green- or tan-seeded soybeans. days. [1945, USDA Belts- #11103 Pkt (7 g, ~42 30 in. plants. #11505 Pkt (~92 seeds) $3.25; ville, IN. AAS winner.] seeds) $3.25 #11505F (¼ lb) $5.75 The standard lima for middle and northern lat- Tohya OG S ® 68 itudes where it bears well days. Great flavor and in warm years. Plants texture. Concentrated have dense foliage and pod set means you can are heat- and drought-re- Fordhook 242 harvest whole plants sistant. Thick 4 in. at once. 2 ft. plants. pods have 3–5 large, Purple Podded #11506 Pkt (~82 flat greenish-white seeds with a nut-like flavor. seeds) $3.25; #11506F #14102 Pkt (42 g, ~33 seeds) $2.50; #14102F Tohya (¼ lb) $6.75 8 Beans (¼ lb) $4.50; #14102G (½ lb) $6.50 Hyacinth Beans: see p. 68 Pole Limas Southern Peas (Black-Eyed Peas & edible-podded) see p. 36 Runner Beans Aubrey Deane OG S ® 6 87 Phaseolus coccineus days. [Pre-1890 family heirloom from Greene County, VA. Introduced Back! Violet’s Runner Beans are perennial beans. They are 1993 by SESE.] Medium-size limas, Multicolored tolerant of heat, drought, and cool nights. maroon with splashes of white. Tall Butterbeans OG History: Many runner varieties can be traced plants tolerate poor soil and are very S ® 6 80-90 back to the Hopi Indians before the arrival of the Aubrey days [Banks Spanish, and may have been previously cultivated productive in hot, dry conditions. Deane Some dried pods may release their County, GA, saved by the Aztecs. Now widely grown in England. seeds if left too long on the plants. by 4 generations of Culture: High temperatures over 90°F may #14515 Pkt (28 g, ~49 seeds) $3.50 Violet Brady West- prevent pod set; if grown for food, expect pod brook’s family. In- Violet’s Multicolored production only during late summer/early fall in Christmas ® 6 (Large troduced 2009 by Butterbeans the Mid-Atlantic and southward. A bulbous root Speckled Calico) 84 SESE.] A rainbow is produced which in mild climates can be dug up days. Dependable and of seed colors – cream, beige, red-brown, and in the fall and replanted in the spring. Harvest: flavorful. A high yielder violet-purple, with speckles and swirls. Small Runner beans are eaten as snap beans when pods in hot, humid condi- seeds have great flavor, good fresh or dried. 3-5 are small, and can be used as green shelly or dried tions. Seeds are about in. pods. Good disease- and drought-resistance. beans. Dried beans have a nut-like flavor. Seed the size of a quarter, #14301 Pkt (~76 seeds) $3.50 Savers: For home use isolate from other runner 5–6 in. long pods. beans by at least 75-150 ft. For pure seed, isolate Full-flavored seed is an Willow Leaf Colored OG S Packet: ® 6 by 1⁄8-¼ mile. 28 g (1 oz, ~28 seeds) sows attractive cream color 80 days. [From Dr. James approximately 5 poles. with irregular red stripes. Christmas Wolf, via David Bradshaw.] Use fresh or dry. #14502 Rainbow mix of colors in Scarlet Runner ® 6 68 Pkt (42 g, ~30 seeds) $2.50; #14502F (¼ lb) different shades of white, beige, days to snap stage, 115 days $4.50; #14502G (½ lb) $6.75 tan, red, and purple – some to dry shell stage. [Pre-1750. plain, some speckled. Narrower Grown by the early colonists who Back! Hopi Yellow ® 6 OG S 80 days. [From leaves than most limas, more Willow Leaf obtained seed from the Native Native Seeds/SEARCH.] Lovely seeds, ranging like a willow tree. #14513 Colored Americans.] Grown mostly from deep yellow to dark orange, mottled with TM Seed Saver Pkt (14 g, ~26 in the U.S. for its brilliant Scarlet Runner dark brown specks. Medium-size limas average 3 seeds) $2.50 #14511 Pkt (~38 seeds) $3.50 scarlet flowers, which are per pod. highly attractive to hum- King of the Garden mingbirds. 8-12 in. pods ® 6 88 days. [Intro- contain lovely, mottled duced 1883 by Frank reddish-purple beans. Platt after selecting #11301 Pkt $3.75 bigger pods of Large White pole lima.] 4–7 Beets Beta vulgaris in. pods, contain 4–6 History: large creamy-white Worchester Until the 1800s, beets were referred to as seeds with honey-like King of the Garden Indian Red Pole blood turnips because of their red turnip-like roots. flavor. Vines grow to The round and flat-bottomed beets of today are an im- proved form. Culture: Beets should be grown in a light 9½ ft. and bear heavily over an extended season. Worchester Indian Red Pole loam of pH 6.5–7.0. If soil pH is below 6, sprinkle limestone An old favorite of excellent quality. #14506 Pkt OG S ® 6 85 days. [Reported to (42 g, ~34 seeds) $2.50; #14506F (¼ lb) $4.50; be of Native American origin, pre- or wood ashes in the row as you plant; otherwise, yield will be #14506G (½ lb) $6.50 1868. Introduced 1990 by SESE.] seriously impaired. An even supply of moisture and absence of Our hardiest lima. Produces extended periods of hot weather is necessary for development of Sieva OG S ® 6 (Caro- medium-sized limas on heat- and fine-quality roots. In dry, hot weather beets can become tough lina) 82 days. [Pre-1750. and stringy and must be harvested at an earlier stage. Sow seeds Seedstock from Monticel- drought-resistant plants. Seeds are a beautiful dark maroon-red. This ½ in. deep directly in the garden from March through early June lo.] Lima beans were a and again in early September. Late spring and early fall sowings summertime favorite of variety still exhibits a wild trait: a few pods spring open (shatter) should be 3/4 in. deep. Sowing beets in deep summer heat is Thomas Jefferson. This difficult – young seedlings wilt and disappear, and even thick small, plump white lima Sieva when the pods are completely dry. 2–4 beans per pod. #14507 sowings may have only spotty survival. Thin to 6 plants per foot has great flavor. 3–4 for fresh beets, 3 plants per foot for beets used for winter storage, seeds/pod. Vigorous, drought tolerant vines can Pkt (~50 seeds) $3.50; #14507F (¼ lb) $6.25; #14507G (½ lb) in rows 12 in. apart. Seed Savers: Plants are biennial. Isolate grow 9–10 ft. tall, need a sturdy trellis. #14518 by ¼ mile. For pure seed isolate by a minimum of ½–1 mile. TM $10.50 Seed Saver Pkt (14 g, ~29 seeds) $2.50 Crosses with chard. Packet: Seed size varies considerably: 5 g (unless noted, average 385 seeds) sows 31 ft. Jackson Wonder ® 6 Thorogreen OG S 66 days. [1888. Originat- ® 6 60 days [1941. Bull’s Blood OG ed by GA farmer Thomas Selected from Hender- 6 35 days for baby Jackson.] Popular heirloom son Bush.] Old time leaves, 60 days for Bull’s yields well under hot, dry favorite with con- roots. [1840, French Blood conditions. 3-5 seeds/pod. centrated pod set for variety.] Famous Fresh seeds are red; dried Jackson Wonder canning and freezing. for its mild, dark leaves – usually harvested seeds are buff-colored with Easy to grow, good young for salad mix before the roots have even purple-black mottling. flavor and texture. Thorogreen matured. Flattened round roots, but the leaves Good fresh or dried. Widely Similar to Henderson are the real attraction – their reddish-purple adapted, also does well in Bush, with 3–4 medium seeds/pod, but earlier, color comes out most strongly in cool weather. northern areas. #14101 Pkt shorter (18 in.) plants, and light green seeds. #31106 Pkt $2.50; #31106E (28 g) $6.25 (~58 seeds) $2.50; #14101F Grower Clif Slade’s favorite bush lima. #14105 (¼ lb) $4.50; #14101G (½ Pkt (~71 seeds) $3.25; #14105F (¼ lb) $6.25; Beets Continue on the next page. lb) $6.50 #14105G (1 lb) $9.75 ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Beans, Beets 9 Beets Continued Culture: Culture of broccoli is similar to cabbage, Broccoli but broccoli is more sensitive to hot weather. (See Chioggia OG ® 6 (Dolce Sprouting: Brassica oleracea var. italica; Cabbage section for detailed cultural notes.) Start Di Chioggia) 52 days. Heading: B. oleracea var. botrytis seeds indoors 4–5 weeks before transplanting out. [Pre-1840, Italian variety.] Transplants should have at least 4 leaves. Transplant Beautiful scarlet-red garden starting 1 month before last spring frost. (If seedlings experience 20°F or lower they may “button up” beet with interior rings of red- Chioggia and only make tiny heads, because the plants will think that they’ve gone through a winter and that it’s dish-pink and white. Green time to flower.) Broccoli does best in cooler weather – avoid maturing heads in deep summer heat. For leaves. Notable for its earliness, attractive color, fall crops start seed 10–12 weeks before the first hard freeze date, and transplant to garden after seed- relative absence of bleeding, and vigor. Has a lings are well developed. Broccoli requires a steady supply of moisture in a well-drained fertile soil. Any small % of all-white beets. Good storage vari- temporary arrest of growth will adversely affect production and taste. Keep a deep layer of mulch on ety. #31101 Pkt (3 g) $2.50 the soil during hot weather. Side-sprouting varieties have smaller central heads with many side sprouts, Maturity Crosby Egyptian OG ® 6 a feature that is useful for extended harvest. Plant in raised beds or rows 12–16 in. apart. (Early Crosby Egyptian) 60 Dates: Days to maturity are from transplanting. Add 25 days if from seed. Seed Savers: Broccoli will days. [1880. The parent strain cross with Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, collards, and kohlrabi. Isolate by 1/8 mile for of the Egyptian beet was intro- home use. For pure seed of small plantings isolate by ¼ to ½ mile. Packet: Open-pollinated varieties, 2 duced from Germany in 1865.] g (about 625 seeds) sows 50 ft. direct seeded or 350 ft. as transplants. Hybrids, 0.3 g (about 58 seeds). This variety has been selected alabrese ® 6 and refined over the years. 3–5 Crosby C OG Broccoli Raab Brassica rapa in. roots are very flattened in Egyptian (Italian Green Sprout- shape, and grow virtually on ing) 58 days. [Brought to Culture: A spicier relative of broccoli, used the surface of the soil. Roots have U.S. by Italian gardeners, in Italian cooking, quicker to mature. Best a dull red skin and dark red interi- introduced to seed trade planted in spring and for fall. Space closer than or. #31102 Pkt $2.50 1914–’18.] Produces cen- regular broccoli, 4–6 in. apart. Harvesting: For tral head (3–6 in. diame- multiple harvests, just as the flower buds are Cylindra ® 6 OG 55 days. [Danish ter) plus many side shoots. Calabrese starting to open, use knife or hand pruners to heirloom.] Rich red beets are tender #21101 Pkt $2.50 harvest the buds and several leaves below them. sweets. 6 × 2 in. carrot-shaped beets Seed Savers: Will cross with Chinese cabbage, are easier to peel and slice than regu- De Cicco OG ® 6 49–78 turnips, and some rapeseed (canola). Packet: 2 lar beets. #31107 Pkt $2.50 days. [~1890.] Produces a g (about 625 seeds) unless 3–6 in. diameter central head otherwise noted. Detroit Dark Red OG ® 6 60 Cylindra and side sprouts which ex- days. [1892. Developed from the popu- tend the harvest period. Use Sorrento Broccoli Raab lar variety Early the young leaves like collard OG S 45 days. One of the Blood Turnip.] greens once the head is a earliest broccoli raab to Widely quarter developed. Plants are mature. Its uniform 3–4 in. adapted, very light green and of medium De Cicco florets, leaves, and stems popular dark height. May be planted in the can be harvested well into red beet. Dark early spring, late summer, or winter. #21501 Pkt $2.75 Sorrento green foliage Detroit early fall. #21102 Pkt $2.50; has some red Dark Red #21102E (28 g) $5.50 coloration. Use Goliath OG ® 55 days. Brussels Sprouts fresh or canned. Resistant to Downy Mildew. Brassica oleracea var. gemnifera Excellent flavor. #31103 Pkt $2.50; #31103E Produces a large central (28 g) $5.50 head plus numerous side Culture: Culture of Brussels sprouts is similar shoots after the first harvest. to cabbage. (See Cabbage section.) Sow seed Early Wonder Tall Top Developed for home gardens, ¼–½ in. deep in flats or pots in early June. Then 6 50 days. [1911.] OG Early Wonder harvesting spread over a transplant to the garden as soon as several sets Used for early spring sow- Tall Top 3-week period. The blue- of leaves have developed. Northern gardeners ings, this versatile beet has green central head has tight Goliath can sow seeds indoors in mid-May for trans- choice tall tops for greens buds. Plant for spring or fall planting in mid June. Harvest: As soon as the and small- to medium-size use. Good fresh or frozen. lower sprouts are harvested, break off the leaf dark red roots for salads, One of our favorites! #21106 Pkt $2.75 below each sprout. Upper sprouts will continue pickles, borscht, or sliced for Tendergreen Hybrid ® 54 days. Uniform 6–7 to form. To produce a uniform harvest and to cooking. Plant spring or hasten maturity, top the plants when the lower fall. #31104 Pkt $2.50; in., semi-domed, blue-green heads. Good for #31104E (28 g) $5.50 early broccoli crops and for summer seeding for sprouts are 3/4 in. in diameter. For a non-uniform fall harvests. #21904 Pkt (0.3 g) $2.75 extended harvest, remove the leaf at the base Three Root Grex OG S of each sprout as soon it reaches 3/8–½ in. in ® 54 days. [Alan Kapuler] Umpqua OG S 95 days. diameter. Brussels sprouts are cold-hardy to 0°F Open-pollinated variety [Tim Peters, 1990.] Great and their flavor is enhanced by frost. Do not from a mix of fall variety. Dark green top plants to be overwintered. Storage: May be beets with two heads average 5–6 in. with stored about a month in the root cellar if the shades of red and good side shoot produc- plants are pulled out by the roots and most of a really bright tion. #21110 Pkt $2.75: the leaves removed. Note: Days to maturity are orange. Red roots #21110D (14 g) $6.50 from transplanting. Seed Savers: See Broccoli are 3-4 in. and section. Packet: 2 g (about 625 seeds) sows 50 Waltham 29 OG ® 74 round, while days. [1954.] Widely ft. direct seeded or 290 ft. as transplants. orange roots are adapted, drought-tolerant Umpqua ® larger and more variety for fall crops. 4–8 Catskill (Long Island Improved) elongated. In our Three Root Grex in. diameter head holds 90 days. [1941.] Still the best garden variety trials we saw 61% for a long time. Also produces sideshoots for for sustained production. Compact dark red, 32% medium red, and 7% orange. 6–8 weeks after harvest of the main head. Low, plants, about 20 in. tall. Produces All produce abundant, sweet, delicious greens. compact plant has a distinctive slate-green color. large sprouts 1¼–1½ in. diam- #31111 Pkt $2.75; #31111E (28 g) $7.50 Good freezing variety. #21105 Pkt $2.50 eter, closely packed on the stem. Widely adapted variety. #20101 Pkt $2.50 10 Beets, Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts Cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata Celery & Celeriac Culture: All members of the cabbage family grow best on a rich, moist, well-drained loam of high Celery: Apium graveolens var. dulce fertility. Early varieties require a higher soil fertility than mid- or late-season varieties. Since members Celeriac: A. graveolens var. rapaceum of the cabbage family are shallow-rooted, irrigation may be necessary to provide adequate mois- Culture: ture. Cabbage needs a steady supply of water and full sun throughout the growing season. Heads Celery and celeriac are moisture- may split if a heavy rain follows a long dry spell without irrigation. A thick layer of organic mulch loving, cool-season crops that have similar cul- conserves moisture and reduces the tendency to bolt in hot weather, as root temperature is more tural requirements. They do well in muck soils important than air temperature. Early Crops: Use early varieties that will mature before heavy and well-drained soils high in organic matter. summer heat settles in, and start seed 4–6 weeks before transplanting to the garden. Sow seed ¼ in. Both crops do best in areas free of temperature deep. Seedlings need a soil temperature of 75°F, and strong, direct light. Soil temperature can be extremes. Virginia temperatures are sometimes reduced to 60°F once the seeds have germinated. Maintain good air circulation around plants during too hot to grow celery and celeriac well. Roots all growth stages. Harden plants before transplanting starting a month before last frost. When plants of celery rarely extend more than 8 in. in any have become properly hardened they can stand a temperature as low as 20°F without buttoning up. direction and so must be kept well watered and Space small head varieties 10–12 in. apart, large head varieties 16–18 in. apart. Late Crops: For fall fertilized during the growing season. Use a thick crops, either transplant to desired spacing when plants have 3 true leaves or direct sow 6–12 seeds/ mulch to retain moisture. During the summer, ft at a depth of ¼–½ in. and thin as needed. Maintain adequate soil moisture during germination. partial shade at mid-day may be helpful. In the Note: The tendency to bolt is decreased by applying a thick layer of mulch, and by twisting the head fall, dig up and transplant mature plants to a slightly to check the plant’s growth when the head is fully grown. Harvest: After harvest, select the greenhouse; protected plants can keep producing Solar Greenhouse Notes: stalks all winter that are milder than summer strongest side sprout and allow it to develop into a second, smaller head. Sowing Instructions: Use early and midseason varieties. Avoid varieties with savoyed leaves. Diseases: Where Fusarium harvests. Sow seed no yellows may be a problem in the Mid-Atlantic region, use resistant varieties. A number of other more than 1/8 in. deep in sterile seed starting mix. diseases may affect cabbage. To reduce disease problems, maintain good air circulation, practice good Keep temperature between 70–75°F. Transplant sanitation, and follow a 3-year crop rotation. Insect Pests: Control cabbage worms and loopers with when plants are 2½–3 in. tall. Germination is slow, typically 14–21 days at 65–75°F. Planting bT, flea beetles with spinosad, cutworms with paper cylinders around seedlings, and aphids with Times: insecticidal soap. Introducing ladybugs helps control aphids in greenhouses, but they may “fly away In Virginia, sow seed in late January home” when introduced into gardens. Note: Days to maturity are from transplanting. Seed Savers: or early February for transplanting into a cold See Broccoli section. Packet: 2 g (about 625 seeds) sows 70 ft. direct seeded or 350 ft. as transplants. frame in March. Then transplant to the garden from May 1st to June 1st. Premature Bolting: If plants are exposed to night temperatures below Early Cabbage Late & Winter Cabbage 55°F for more than 8–10 days the plants will go to seed. Spacing: Space Early Jersey Wakefield Early Flat Dutch ® ® 6 6 8 in. apart in rows 2½ 64 days. [1840.] 85 days. [Pre-1875, Packet: Dark-green, sweet, coni- possibly pre-1855.] ft. apart. Celery, cal heads average 5 in. in Does well in south- 0.5 g (about 1230 diameter and weigh 2–3 ern and coastal areas seeds); Celeriac, 0.25 g lbs. Has a small core and thanks to its heat (about 660 seeds). good wrapper leaves. resistance. Excellent Golden Self-Blanching Good resistance to frost sauerkraut variety Celery 6 85 days from and cabbage yellows. and the best variety transplant. [1886.] Com- For home, storage, or for storage. Large, pact celery with thick, fresh-market. #22102 flat heads, 6–10 lbs, Early Flat Dutch tender, stringless stalks Pkt $2.50; #22102E Early Jersey average 11 in. with blanching to yellow. Thick (28 g) $5.50 Wakefield medium core and few hearts of good quality. outside leaves. #22101 Pkt $2.50 Golden Acre OG ® 6 #36101 Pkt (0.5 g) $2.50 62 days. Small, 5–7 in. heads Premium Late Flat Dutch 6 100 days. Tall Utah Celery OG can be spaced closer than [Introduced by German immigrants ~1840.] In 110 days from trans- larger, later varieties. the early 1900s, Virginia gardeners used to sow plant. [1953.] 30 in. 3–4 lb green heads seeds of this variety and use it as a source of cut plants are medium dark don’t store for greens while the heads were forming. Large, green, with 12 in. crisp, long, but it’s one flat heads weigh 10–15 lbs and measure 7 × 14 tender and tasty stalks. #36102 Pkt of the fastest to in. Low-growing heads have a short core and (0.5 g) $2.75 mature. Resistant excellent wrapper leaves. May grow poorly in hot to cabbage yellows. weather, but revives quickly in cool, wet weather. Large Smooth Prague #22106 Pkt $2.50; Very good keeper. #22103 Pkt $2.50 Celeriac 6 110 #22106E (28 g) $5.75 Golden Acre days from transplant. Savoy Cabbage [Pre-1870.] Also called “turnip-rooted celery,” Red Cabbage Savoy celeriac is grown for its Perfection sweet, starchy globe-shaped Red Acre OG ® 76 ® 89 days. roots. Harvest roots when days. Round, 5–7 in. Flattened, reddish-purple heads 2–4 in. in diameter and round 6–8 use in soups and stews, weigh about 3 lbs. lb heads are Adds a festive color boiled and pureed, fried white inside, in butter, or grated into to coleslaw. An excel- wrapped on lent storage variety with salads. Culture is the the out- same as for celery. Stores resistance to cabbage side with yellows. Heads may well. #36501 Pkt (0.25 g) well-savoyed, $2.50 sunburn in hot weather, blue-green Savoy Perfection so best for early spring leaves. Good and fall crops. #22104 heat tolerance, makes especially beautiful heads Pkt $2.50; #22104E (28 Red Acre in the fall. #22107 Pkt $2.50 Cabbage, g) $5.75 Celery ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic & Celeriac 11 Carrots Daucus carota Cauliflower Culture: For best results, carrots need a loose sandy loam, free of rocks. Clay soils require loosening Brassica oleracea var. botrytis and lightening to a depth of 9 in. with organic matter such as leaf mold or peat moss to provide Culture: Culture of cauliflower is good drainage, loose structure, and adequate moisture-holding capacity. Do not add fresh manure similar to broccoli and cabbage. before planting – too much nitrogen favors top growth and causes roots to become rough and highly (See Cabbage section.) branched. Maintain high levels of phosphorus and potassium. Plant seed ¼ in. deep, 3 seeds/in., Blanching the Curd: and thin to 1–2 in. apart in rows 12 in. apart. Cover seeds with a fine light soil, and keep soil moist. When the white head For planting in blocks, mix seed with dry sand or fine soil, and add some radish seeds to prevent soil or curd begins to form, tie crusting and broadcast seeds over a prepared bed. Seeds take 5 days to germinate – longer in cool the top leaves together over weather. After foliage is several inches high, add mulch to conserve moisture. Extreme fluctuations of it to protect the curd from soil moisture between dry and wet conditions may cause cracking of the roots. Carrots maturing in sunlight that causes the cool weather have the sweetest roots. Diseases: Follow a 2- to 3-year rotation to help prevent disease. curd to yellow. Harvest: Pests: Avoid planting in previously sodded ground and sprinkle wood ash along the row to prevent Harvest while the curd wireworm damage. Carrot rust flies can be controlled by skipping the spring planting for a year to is in the tight bud break the life cycle by starving the spring generation of rust fly. Interplanting carrots with onions in a stage. Don’t harvest ratio of 1:2 reduces carrot fly damage by 70%. Sow seed 2–3 times as thick in late summer plantings for storage when heads to help carrots survive grasshoppers. Harvest: Best quality roots are no larger than 1 in. in are wet – the curds will diameter. Storage: Cut off the tops, leaving ¼ in. Store in the refrigerator or overwinter mold in storage. Matu- the roots in the garden by covering with a thick, loose mulch such as straw. History: Car- rity Dates: Days to maturity rots have historically been used to make jelly, syrup, wine, liquor, and dye. Seed Savers: are from transplant date. Add 25 Isolate from other carrot varieties and Queen Anne’s lace by a distance of 330 ft. for home days if direct seeded. Seed Savers: See Broccoli use. For pure seed, isolate by 1/8 to ¼ mile. Packet: 3 g unless stated (about 1500–1950 section. Packet: 2 g (about 600 seeds) sows 72 ft. seeds, depending on variety) sows 84–110 ft. direct-seeded or 360 ft. as transplants. Imperator OG (Tendersweet) 74 Chantenay Red Core days. [AAS winner.] Sweet, crisp, and OG ® 6 65 days. tender. 7–9 in. orange-red roots are Spring Cauliflower coreless, have semi-blunt ends and [Introduced from France Early Snowball ® 50 days. Highly recom- in the late 1800s.] Blocky, narrow shoulders. Requires loose, deep soil to achieve its full potential. mended for the Mid-Atlantic. The best in our broad-shouldered variety trials of spring-planted cauliflower. Good cover- with blunt tip, 5½ in. #35108 Pkt $2.50; #35108E (28 g) $5.50 Imperator age of the curd by wrapper leaves. Head denser long and 2½ in. at the than other early snowball varieties. Compact shoulder. Deep-orange Oxheart ® 6 plants. Can also be used for fall crops. #23101 interior. Adaptable to 90 days. [1884.] Pkt $2.50 clay and a wide range of Thick, sweet soils. #35101 Pkt $2.50; “oxheart”-shaped Fall Cauliflower #35101E (28 g) $5.50 Chantenay carrots, 5–6 in. long Red Core Fall varieties are larger than spring varieties. Back! Cosmic Purple OG and 3–4 in. wide, ® 70 days. [Yellow weighing up to a However, fall varieties are daylength-sensitive, and and purple carrots pound! Give this one should not be planted for spring harvest. were first recorded in extra growing space. ® Good storage variety. Snowball Y OG 80 days. [1947.] Large, Asia Minor in the smooth, white heads are uniform, solid, and 10th c. For the first #35107 Pkt $2.75; Oxheart #35107E (28 g) smooth. Widely adapted, well suited for fall few hundred years of crops. #23103 Pkt $2.50 managed cultivation, $8.75 Snowball Self-Blanching ® carrots were pre- Purple Dragon OG 68 days. dominantly purple.] OG S ® 80 days. [Developed by Dr. Homna at MSU.] Self-wrap- Purple-skinned 7 in. ping leaves protect the white curds from heat Cosmic Purple Beautiful regular-size carrots, orange and purple carrot bred and sunlight during late summer or early fall. yellow flesh. Spicier by John Navazio. No tying of the leaves is necessary unless heads than regular carrots; great for adding color to Bright orange or grow larger than 6 in. in diameter. During hot salads and stir fries. #35113 Pkt (1 g) $2.75 yellow interior, sweet weather growth slows until cooler weather, almost “wild” spicy Purple Dragon thus preventing formation of undersized heads. flavor, can be used #23102 Pkt $2.50 just like any regular carrot, good storage. Our favorite purple carrot, with better flavor and Scarlet Nantes OG ® (Coreless, Nantes Half more consistent color than “Cosmic Purple.” Long) 70 days. [1870.] A garden favorite appre- #35109 Pkt (1 g) $2.75 ciated for its fine texture, mild flavor, and very small core. Cylindrical roots 6½ in. long, 1–1½ in. at the shoulder. Can be grown for winter storage, but best flavor is from spring-grown car- rots. #35106 Pkt $2.50; #35106E (28 g) $5.50 Danvers 126 New! Yellowstone OG S ® 70 days. Pretty yellow Danvers 126 OG ® 75 days. [1947.] Widely roots, 8-10 in. long, adapted, productive, and heat-tolerant. Dark-or- have good flavor raw or ange roots 6–7 in. long, 2 in. at the shoulder, cooked. Vigorous plants tapering to a blunt point. Especially suited to have strong tops for easier growing in clay soil, and the strong tops aid harvesting, and have good harvesting. Good storage variety. #35103 Pkt winter storage. #35114 $2.50; #35103E (28 g) $5.50 Pkt (1 g) $2.75 Yellowstone Scarlet Nantes 12 Carrots, Cauliflower www.SouthernExposure.com Open-Pollinated Sweet Corn Luther Hill OG Sweet Corn S 6(white) 82 Zea mays Ashworth OG S ® Days. [Developed Culture: Sweet corn seed requires a soil tempera- (yellow) 69 days. An 1902 in Andover ture of 65°F to germinate well, otherwise seed early maturing, wide- Township, NJ, by may rot easily due to its high sugar content. ly adapted sweet corn horticulturist Luther Don’t rush your first planting; wait until after with good flavor and Hill.] Produces two the first average frost-free date. An old saying dependability. Stalks 6 in. ears on each is to plant corn when oak leaves are the size of average 5 ft. with 1-2 51 ft. tall stalk. squirrel ears. Succession plantings can then be ears (6-7 in. long), 12 A home garden made 2–3 weeks apart. Sow seed 1 in. deep in rows of yellow ker- variety adapted to rows 36 in. apart and thin to 6–12 in. apart nels per ear. #41101 the Appalachian within rows. Later, taller varieties need wider Pkt $3.50; #41101F Ashworth foothills. Can be spacing than early, shorter varieties. For good (¼ lb) $7.25 grown as far north as southern Ontar- pollination and well-filled ears, plant in blocks Aunt Mary’s OG io. Flavor is unsur- Luther Hill at least 5 rows wide. Harvest: After silk has S ® 6 (white) 69 dried and turned brown, puncture the skin of days. [Ohio heirloom, passed compared to a kernel with your thumbnail. If a sweet, milky Our stock is from the other open-pollinated corns. One of the parental juice is released (milk stage) the corn is ready original 1800s native lines of the very successful ‘Silver Queen’ hybrid sweet corn. Still used by breeders to impart for harvest. Prepare corn for eating quickly strain. Later selected for Aunt Mary’s after harvest. At room temperature, harvested canning and commer- exceptional flavor to hybrid sweet corn. Does ears lose 50% of their sugar in 24 hours. Pests: cial seed sales.] Aunt Mary’s has attracted a loyal best on a well-drained ridge, not soggy bottom. Corn earworm can be sufocated by inserting following among gardeners and Seed Savers. We recommend pre-sprouting the kernels and a medicine dropper half filled with mineral oil 6–8 ft. sturdy stalks, 1–2 ears/stalk, 6–8 in. ears, sowing in warm soil at 12 in. in-row spacing. into the silk after it has wilted and browned at most with 12–14 rows of white kernels. Great Once established provide plenty of water and the tip (4–5 days after silk appears). Corn borers flavor. #41102 Pkt $3.50 nitrogen. When grown for seed in a humid can be prevented by composting corn refuse climate it must be watched carefully to produce and stubble as soon as possible. Disease: Corn Black Mexican quality seed. #41109 Pkt $3.50; #41109F (¼ smut forms large puffy, gray, irregular masses OG S 6(Black lb) $6.75; #41109G (1 lb) $12.50 Iroquois, of fungus during dry hot weather. Corn smut Painted Hill OG S ® is a delicacy in Mexico, but if you want corn Mexican Sweet) (white in early (rainbow) 75-80 days. [Alan rather than corn smut, remove and destroy the Kapuler, from a stabilized cross fungus; otherwise the black spores will re-infest milk stage, ma- turing to black- of Painted Mountain flour your corn for several years. Medicinal: Cornsilk corn and Luther Hill sweet is used as a diuretic. Seed Savers: Corn is wind ish-blue) 76 days. [1864. Despite its corn.] This beautiful, widely pollinated. Separate varieties by 600 ft. for home adapted, super hardy sweet use, or ½ to 1 mile for absolute purity. Save at name, it appears to have originated Black Mexican corn is mostly white in its least 500 seeds from at least 10% of the plants fresh stage, with some other to maintain vigor and genetic diversity of the va- in upper NY, and was probably colors, before drying to its riety. Packet: 1 oz (28 g) (about 115–210 seeds, full range of colors. Short depending on variety) sows 30–45 ft. derived from Iroquois Black Puckers. The name may have been given by a seed company trying milk stage, and not very to give novelty to its seed oferings, a practice not sweet, but lots of old- timey Open-pollinated or corn flavor. Taller (6-7 ft.) hybrid sweet corn? uncommon in the late 1800s.] The kernels, white at milk stage, change to blackish-blue in the late and with much better cold soil tolerance than Luther Which to grow depends on what is important to milk stage. Exceptional flavor. 5½ ft. plants. 7½ Painted you. Old-fashioned, open-pollinated corn is not as × 1½ in. ears, typically with 8 rows of kernels. Hill. 2+ ears per stalk, 7–8 Hill uniform in size and maturity as hybrid corn. For in. ears with tight husks. Harvest several days before kernels show color #41112 Pkt $3.50 the home gardener, this means the convenience of to several days afterwards. Though adapted to an extended harvest from one planting. Hybrid New England, it does well as an early-to-mid- Stowell’s Evergreen OG ® 6 (white) 98 corn tends to mature all at once, an advantage to season crop further South. #41103 Pkt $3.25; days. [1848. One of the oldest white sweet corns, some farmers. The new supersweet and extrasweet #41103F (¼ lb) $6.25 tracing back to Native American stock. Developed hybrid corns are sugary sweet and by Nathan Stowell of NJ.] Ears are large, 8–9 in., hold their sweetness in storage, but Back! Buhl S ® 6 (yellow) 81 days. [From Sandhill Preservation Center via SSE with deep, wide kernels in 16–18 rows. Remains they may have weak seedling vigor, in the milk stage a long time, hence the name are more susceptible to ear damage member B.W. White 1981.] 6-7’ stalks bear 2 ears of amazingly uniform sweet yellow corn “evergreen.” Dependable variety in the Mid-At- by insects, and the seeds rot readily lantic. 8 ft. stalks. #41107 Pkt $3.75 in cool soil. Standard, open-polli- of superior quality. You’ll have to fight the nated sweet corn is still preferred raccoons to enjoy it! #41111 Pkt $3.75 Top Hat – “Sugary by many gardeners because of its Enhanced” OG S Country Gentleman ® old fashioned corn flavor. When OG 6 (Shoepeg) (yellow) 77 days. pigs, chickens, horses, and cows are (white) 93 days. [Carefully selected from given a choice between open-pol- Buhl [1891.] The dense, “Tuxedo” by Jonathan linated and hybrid corn the round kernels are Spero.] Sweet and animals invariably prefer the old irregularly arranged instead tender kernels, great open-pollinated varieties, possibly because of the of in rows, giving these flavor. 6-7½ in. ears, higher protein content. For good pollination and ears a striking appear- Country Gentleman 2 ears/plant. Good ear development, open-pollinated corn should be ance. The sweet 8 in. cold soil emergence, planted in blocks at least 5–6 rows wide, whereas ears remain in the milk stage longer than many and good husk cover- hybrid corn should be planted in blocks at least 4 age helps deter bugs. Top Hat varieties. 2 ears per stalk. A favorite for freezing #41113 Pkt $3.75 rows wide. Note: If open-pollinated corn is new to and creamed corn. Well known throughout the you we suggest planting less than ¼ lb. until you Hudson Valley, well adapted to the northern are familiar with its characteristics. Mid-Atlantic. More resistant to corn smut than See the next page for Hybrid earlier, smaller varieties. #41104 Pkt $3.50 Sweet Corn & Baby Corn ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Corn 13 Silver Queen – “Normal Sugary” Hybrid Sweet Corn Hybrid ® (white) 90 days. One of Baby Corn the most popular and dependable Chires Baby Sweet hybrid sweet corns. Ears are 8½ Corn S ® 75 days. The in. long, filled with 14–16 rows of tiny corn seen in Asian sweet white kernels. Stalks average restaurants! 3-5 stalks per 7½ ft. Tolerant of the majority of plant, 8-12 ears per stalk. Bodacious RM leaf blights and of Stewart’s wilt. 2-3 in. long ears. Harvest Has some drought tolerance and soon after the silks emerge Bodacious RM – “Sugary Enhanced” Hybrid better insect-resistance than other Silver Queen (within 5 days) to stimulate Chires ® (yellow) 74 days. Sweet, tender, golden hybrids. Seeds germinate poorly in the formation of more ears. kernels. 18 rows/ear. Ears are 8 in. long on cold soil, so don’t rush the season! Early plantings Planting: same spacing as other corn. Easy to sturdy 7 ft. stalks. Good disease resistance. For can be started by setting out transplants or by grow, as corn earworms don’t have time to do best germination, avoid planting during early pre-sprouting seeds. Wide adaptability and well damage and corn smut is rarely a problem. If cold spells. #41904 Pkt (~138 seeds) $3.50; suited for the Mid-Atlantic. #41901 Pkt (~135 dried on the plants, ears can be used for pop- #41904F (¼ lb) $6.50 seeds) $3.25; #41901F (¼ lb) $6.25 corn. #41701 Pkt (4 g, ~100 seeds) $2.95 Dent, Flint & Flour Corn Zea mays Culture: Plant these grain (field) type corns when the soil is at least 55°F, or when the dogwood leaves are the size of squirrel’s ears. Space plants 12–24 in. apart, leaving more room for taller varieties, in 36 in. rows. Harvest for Cateto Sulino Flint roasting when ears have just reached full size, or for dry corn when the husks have fully yellowed. New! Cateto Sulino Flint S ® (orange) In other respects, grow like sweet corn. Two 100 days. Blend of Argentine and Uruguayan maturity dates may be given: the first is for use landraces, selected in TN by Joshua Gochenour, as roasting ears, the second is for drying and for insect resistance, virus resistance, and bright grinding. Dent, Flint, and Flour Types: These orange color that indicates high carotene con- three broad categories of field (grain) corn differ Bloody Butcher tent. Ears up to 8 in. on 5-8 ft. stalks. Kernels in climactic adaptation, kernel composition, Bloody Butcher ® 6 are such a bright orange, inside and out, that kernel shape, and best culinary uses. Flint corns S (red) 120 days. [1845. Originally from Virginia.] Stalks grow Farm and Sparrow bakery in North Carolina tend to do well in wet and cold climates, they says it’s caused customers to ask why they’d put are especially common in the Northeast. They 10–12 ft. tall producing 2 ears per stalk. Kernels are blood-red with darker red stripes, and occa- cheddar cheese in the bread they’d baked using have pointed kernels in which the hard part of it! Name may be roughly translated as “South- the kernel predominates, and they are especially sional white or blue kernels. For flour, cereal, or roasting ears. #41302 Pkt (~170 seeds) $2.95; ern Unrefined.” See website for amusing info good for cooking methods that involve boiling, #41302G (½ lb) $9.50; #41302H (1 lb) related to this name. #41329 Pkt (~ 158 seeds) such as polenta and johnnycakes. Flour corns $13.75; #41302K (4 lbs) $48.50 $2.95; #41329G (½ lb) $9.50 are most common in the Southwest, Cherokee but have been traditionally grown in Blue Clarage OG S ® 6 White Eagle OG many areas. Flour corns have rounded (Ohio Blue ® 6 kernels in which the soft part of the Clarage) (blue) 100 S (blue kernel predominates, and can be ground days. [~1920, Ohio and white) 110 into flour fine enough to use like wheat heirloom, selected from days. A beautiful flour. They are especially good for “Rotten Clarage.”] A blue and white baking. Dent corns include most of the highly uniform, semi- corn with a red heirloom corns from the Southeast and dent corn. Solid blue, cob. Occasion- Midwest, and as well as most modern 8-10 in. ears on 10 ally there will be hybrid field corns, though these hybrids an all-blue ear. Cherokee ft. stalks, 2 ears/stalk. White Eagle have much less flavor. A dent corn Originally developed as Some people can kernel typically has a flinty ring around a meal and feed corn, see the image of a floury center; as the kernel dries the it has a higher sugar a white eagle in the kernels! 8-10 ft. tall stalks, center contracts, creating a dent in content than most mostly 2 ears/stalk, 6-7 in. stocky ears. #41314 the top of the kernel. Heirloom dent dent corns, and may be Pkt (~127 seeds) $2.75 corns make great cornbread, hominy, used fresh in the milk Cherokee White Flour, and roasting ears. All our field corns stage. As cornmeal it Original S ® 6 (white) 120 are dents unless otherwise stated. Some has a sweet flavor. It days. [Seed collected by grower old-timers actually prefer eating the Blue Clarage mills easily and makes Tony West from an elderly Cher- starchy dent corns in the same manner speckled blue and okee woman in the Tuckasegee as sweet corns. Disease Resistance: The tight white flour, but if the bran is sifted out, a white area of North Carolina. Longer husks of many dent corns gives them improved flour is obtained. Older farmers who use this ears and taller stalks than the insect resistance. Cooking: To roast corn preheat corn to feed chickens claim that the chickens Brown and Robinson reselection oven to 375–400°F, or prepare a good bed of will eat more, lay more eggs, and put on more of the 1980s. Introduced 2011 coals. Husk young ears, remove silk, replace meat. Sturdy stalks, excellent Corn Rootworm by SESE.] 11–12 in. ears husk, fill husk with water, drain, twist husk resistance, and tolerates crowding and smut on sturdy 15-ft. tall stalks. Cherokee White closed, and bake about 25 minutes. Alternately: better than many other open-pollinated corns. White kernels, 8–10 rows/ Flour, Original husk completely, rub with butter, salt and pep- #41303 Pkt (~136 seeds) $2.95; #41303G (½ ear, 50 seeds/row, white per, foil wrap, and roast. Packet: 1½ oz (42 g) lb) $9.50; #41303H (1 lb) $13.75; #41303K cobs. Makes great flour. Important historical unless otherwise stated (78–150 seeds, depend- (4 lbs) $48.50 variety. Seed grown and stewarded by Appa- ing on variety) sows 30–45 ft. lachian Heirloom Plant Farm in Winchester, Ohio. #41320 Pkt (~127 seeds) $2.95 14 Corn www.SouthernExposure.com Hop McConnell Speckled OG S ® 6 (red/white/speckled) 100 days. [Named for Wade Hopkins “Hop” McConnell of Scott County, VA. Hop ran Floriani Red Flint a general store, and shared this corn with Floriani Red Flint OG S 6(red) 100 days. local farmers.] Ears are [Family heirloom from the Valsugana valley of all-red, all-white, or Italy near Trento, via William Rubel. Originally all red/white speckled brought to Italy from America, it evolved over (interesting genetics!), about 8 in. long on hundreds of years to become the staple polenta Leaming corn of the valley. Introduced by SESE and Fedco 12-ft. stalks. #41328 Seeds 2009.] Beautiful medium- to deep-red Pkt (~132 seeds) Leaming OG S 6(yellow) 95 days. [1850s, bred kernels are slightly pointed. Cornmeal has a $2.95; #41328G Hop McConnell Speckled (½ lb) $9.50 by Jacob Leaming of Clinton County, Ohio. Rare pink cast, and makes a polenta with a remark- now, this famous variety won a prize at the World’s ably rich, complex flavor. Plants grow 7–10 ft. Fair in Paris, and has been used in breeding much tall – slightly smaller and faster maturing than of the US’s corn.] 8½-10 in. ears with deep other varieties we offer. Some tendency to lodge. yellow kernels, 14-22 rows/ear, red cobs. 7-8 ft. #41318 Pkt (~150 seeds) $2.95; #41318G (½ stalks. Widely adapted, though not recommend- lb) $9.50 ed for Deep South. #41321 Pkt (~170 seeds) $2.95; #41321G (½ lb) $9.50; #41321H (1 lb) $13.75; #41321K (4 lbs) $48.50 New! Loo- ney S ® 6 (white) [Early 1900s SE TN variety selected by C. S. Looney Jellicorse Twin of Winchester, TN.] Rare old Jellicorse Twin ® 6 Hickory Cane OG S (white) 120 days. Southern white [Pre-1920.] Tennessee variety, similar to Neal’s dent famous for ickory ane ® 6 H C S (white) 85/110 days. Paymaster but with a white cob. Extremely its great flavor, [pre-1875.] Heirloom dent corn originally heat tolerant, has set seed even during 107°F Pkt #41315 Pkt (~97 seeds) and a favorite selected by Native Americans in n. Florida temperatures! of moonshin- and s. Georgia. It came to be prized across the $2.75; #41315G (½ lb) $9.50; #41315H (1 Looney lb) $13.75; #41315K (4 lbs) $48.50 ers. Sturdy, mountain South for roasting ears, creamed corn, medium-tall grits, and hominy, and particularly for white stalks, does well even in poor soil. 9-12 in. corn meal, as well as fodder for animals. Plants ears are densely packed with good-sized seeds, up to 15 ft. tall. 1-2 ears/stalk. Tight ears keep 16-18 rows, good husk coverage, 1-2 ears/stalk. out ear worms. Large ears stay in the green milk Seed grown and stewarded by Jeff Swann in “roasting ear” stage longer than most heirlooms. Sparta, TN. #41330 Pkt (~108 seeds) $2.75; #41325 Pkt (~80 seeds) $2.75; #41325G (½ #41330G (½ lb) $9.25 lb) $9.50; #41325H (1 lb) $13.50; #41325K (4 lbs) $47.50 McCormack’s Blue Giant S ® (blue) Hickory King ® 6 85/100 days. [Introduced (white) 1994 by SESE. Bred by 85/110 days. Dr. Jeff McCormack from [Pre-1875.] In a cross between Hickory the hills and King and an unnamed Kentucky Rainbow hollows of heirloom blue dent.] The Virginia this large, wide, smoky blue corn is still Kentucky Rainbow OG S ® 6 (Daymon Morgan’s Kentucky Butcher) kernels can be ground appreciated (rainbow) 110 into a light blue flour, as a roasting days. [Grown by generations of Daymon Morgan’s suited for blue tortillas and hominy family in Leslie Co., eastern KY; selected since Hickory King and blue corn chips. Also corn. Con- 2001 by Susana Lein of Salamander Springs Farm good as a roasting ear sidered the in Berea, KY. Introduced 2009 by SESE.] Beauti- corn (old fashioned corn best variety for hominy because the skin of the ful, multicolored, huge ears (up to 14 in. long!) on the cob). Especially McCormack’s kernel is easily removed by soaking. Also good on sturdy 12-18 ft. stalks, 1-2 ears per stalk, suited to the eastern U.S., Blue Giant for grits, corn meal, and flour. Makes a nice 10-14 rows per ear. Some all-red and all-blue clay soils, and drought- roasting corn. Extremely tall 12 ft. stalks provide ears along with an array of purple, white, and prone areas. The tall 10–12 ft. stalks are not good support for pole beans. 2 ears per stalk. painted orange kernels. Many corns, including recommended for loose soils or high wind areas. Ears have very large flat white kernels. Husks Bloody Butcher, crossed over the decades to One or two 7–81 in. ears per stalk. Good tol- are tighter than most varieties and give excellent produce an immensely productive, drought erance to leaf blights. #41307 Pkt (~95 seeds) protection from beetles and earworm. Has good tolerant, hardy dent corn good for sweet $2.75; #41307G (1 lb) $9.50 tolerance to northern leaf blight (H. turicum) roasting ears and gorgeous, delicious cornmeal. and southern leaf blight (H. maydis). #41304 #41317 Pkt (~78 seeds) $2.95; #41317G (½ Dent, Flint & Flour Corn Pkt (~85 seeds) $2.50; #41304G (½ lb) lb) $9.50; #41317H (1 lb) $13.75; #41317K $7.75; #41304H (1 lb) $10.75 (4 lbs) $48.50 continue on the next page.

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Corn 15 Dent, Flint & Flour Corn Continued Gourdseed Corn Zea mays Gourdseed corns are one of our oldest corns, and were commonly grown in southern Virginia. The plants of gourdseed corn are heavily stalked and bear ears having a large number of rows of thin, deep kernels. These valuable corns originated from Indian gourdseed corn dating back to at least 1700. They were used for roasting ears, and for feed and flour. At maturity the kernels of some varieties are easily shelled by a light touch to the ear. Gourdseed corns were grown until Neal’s Paymaster about 1940, before hybrids became popular. Texas Gourdseed, Red & White In 1889, gourdseed corn won the Great Corn New! Texas Gourdseed, Red and White S ® Neal’s Paymaster OG S ® 6 (white) 100/120 Contest sponsored by the American Agriculturist, 6 yielding 255 bushels per acre. Because of interest (red and white) 120 days [Introduced 2019 days. [Pre-1915. The first reliable two-eared dent by SESE.] Originally brought to S. Texas by corn. Bred from Tennessee Red Cob by William in hybrid corn, gourdseed corns were virtually extinct by the 1960s, but recently they have been German farmers who migrated from Appalachia H. Neal. In 1935, a third of Tennessee’s corn during the late 19th century. Descendants of crop came from this variety. Said to be a favorite found to be valuable because of their resistance to some diseases, notably southern leaf blight. Dr. these farmers maintain flocks of turkeys, and of moonshiners. Thanks to Jim Culpepper for the birds are let into the cornfields to eat the seedstock!] White seed with red cobs, tolerant of Brown, former president of Pioneer Hi-Bred, re- discovered gourdseed corn on a Texas farm, after corn right off the cobs. Stalks average 8 ft. tall, 2 sub-optimum soil and heat. Yields better than ears per stalk, containing 18-22 rows of narrow most open pollinated single-ear dent corns on a year-long search. Packet: 11 oz. (42 g) (about 150–165 seeds) sows 35 ft. kernels, compactly united from the cob to the moderately fertile Southern soils. #41316 Pkt surface. Although it is susceptible to smut, it is (~110 seeds) $2.95; #41316G (½ lb) $9.50; resistant to other diseases, withstands #41316H (1 lb) $13.75 Cherokee Gourdseed OG S ® 6 drought, and does well in clay soil. This (white) 125 days. [From gourdseed variety closely approximates the Qualls family in Virginia via original gourdseed characteristics. In Sand Hill Preservation Center.] south Texas, this is considered to be Similar to Virginia White the best choice for tortilla flour. Louise Gourdseed but with more Divine and Herman Holley of Turkey uniform cobs. Vigorous 10–12 Hill Farm in Florida say it makes the ft. stalks bear 1–2 big, fat ears best grits! They’ve been growing it since with long, white kernels that 2010, and with some genetic drift and shell easily. 2½ in. wide ears selection, their patch now makes ~20- average 6–8 in. long, 22 rows/ 25% red kernelled ears. (Interestingly, a ear. #41505 Pkt (~150 seeds) stalk has either all red corn, or all white $2.75; #41505G (1 Pungo Creek Butcher Cherokee Gourdseed, corn!) #41506 Pkt. (42 g, ~165 seeds) lb) $9.50; #41505H $2.75; #41506G (1 lb) $9.25 (1 lb) $13.75 photo: Kimberly Handy Todd Pungo Creek Butcher OG S ® 6 (rain- bow) [Eastern Shore heirloom from Bill Savage, grown for 165 years by Pungo Creek, VA farmers. Genetic analysis shows it to be descended from Bloody Butcher. Introduced 2010 by SESE.] A tall, hardy corn with sturdy stalks up to 11 ft. Ears are a mixed rainbow of red, brown, yellow, and sometimes purple. 9–12 in. ears in tightly wrapped husks. Rough milled this is a nutritious feed for your flock, or the corn can be ground into a meal with rich flavor and unusual color. Pretty enough to grow just for looks, this corn is delicious baked into muffins or cornbread. #41319 Pkt (~146 seeds) $2.95; #41319G (½ Tennessee Red Cob lb) $9.50; #41319H (1 lb) $13.75 Reid’s Yellow Dent ® 6 Tennessee Red Cob OG S ® 6 (white) 120 (yellow) 85/110 days. [1840s. days. [Pre-1900. Original seedstock supplied by A prize winner at the 1893 Harold Jerrell. For the last several years main- World’s Fair and progenitor of tained and selected by Debbie Piesen and Edmund a number of yellow dent lines.] Rotten Clarage Frost at Living Energy Farm and Twin Oaks Seeds One of the most productive, Rotten Clarage S ® 6 (blue and yellow) Farm.] High yielding, up to 150 bushels/acre hardy corns ever developed. 100-110 days. [Early 1900s Ohio heirloom, very here in Virginia. 10–13 ft. sturdy stalks are often This old-timer is well known rare now. A cross of (yellow) Clarage and a blue used to support pole beans. 6–9 in. ears, 12–18 in the Mid-Atlantic region, corn. Why “Rotten Clarage”? Because the blue rows/ear, 1–2 ears/stalk. Mr. Jerrell reported where it is revered for its kernels reminded someone of bruises... Introduced that in 1995 this variety produced a good crop adaptability and dependabili- by SESE 1994.] 8-9 in. ears with red cobs, on only 2 in. of rain from mid-June until the ty in Southern heat and soils. 14-18 rows. Sturdy 9 ft. stalks, mostly 2 ears/ first of September. It was one of the driest years 7 ft. stalks with 9 in. double stalk. Mostly blue and yellow kernels, with some on record in his growing area in Virginia, and ears well-filled with 16 rows white kernels and other colors. #41324 Pkt was the only variety that produced. Makes great of deep, close-set, moderately (~140 seeds) $2.95; #41324G (1 lb) $9.50 corn bread and polenta as well as attractive corn flat seed. #41308 Pkt (~130 Seed grown and stewarded by Appalachian cob pipes. #41311 Pkt (~135 seeds) $2.95; seeds) $2.50; #41308G (½ Reid’s Yellow Heirloom Plant Farm in Winchester, Ohio. #41311G (½ lb) $9.50; #41311H (1 lb) lb) $7.75 Dent $13.75; #41311K (4 lbs) $48.50 Seed grown and stewarded by Living Energy Farm and 16 Corn www.SouthernExposure.com Twin Oaks Seed Farm in Louisa, VA. Popcorn Cucumbers Cucumis sativus We tend to think of popcorns for popping only, Culture: Cucumbers require a rich, well-drained soil in pH range 6–7. Avoid too much nitrogen but some Native Americans also grind popcorn or fruits may be bitter. Water plants regularly to get the mildest fruits. Seeds require a temperature to make bread. Grown and dried in the same of at least 68°F to germinate. Plant out starting 1–2 weeks after last frost. Seed Watering Notes: manner as dent corn or flint corn. Popcorns Be careful not to overwater germinating seeds or they may rot. It’s best to soak the ground or the are resistant to ear damage by birds. Packet: potting soil heavily when first planting, then avoid watering again if possible until seedlings emerge. 1 oz (28 g) (about 178–378 seeds, depending (For seeds in potting soil, keep them warm but out of direct sunlight so that they don’t dry out so on variety) sows 35–75 ft. See Sweet Corn for fast.) Cucumber seeds emerge in 5+ days; very lightly water ground or potting soil around day 3 cultural info. or 4 to keep soil from crusting so that seeds can emerge more easily. Direct Seeding: Sow seeds ½–3/4 in. deep. Final spacing should be 6–12 in. apart in rows 3–5 ft. apart. Transplants: Sow seeds Cherokee Long ½ in. deep, 2–3 seeds per pot. Cut off weak seedlings at the base to avoid disturbing roots. Seeds Ear Small OG S germinate best at 85–90°F. Maintain seedlings at 75°F or higher. Harden plants before setting out, ® (rainbow) 100 and take care not to disturb fragile roots when transplanting. Since cucumber transplants are fussy, days. [Seedstock from hold back a few seedlings for filling in any gaps in the row as they appear. Harvest: To maintain Merlyn Niedens, com- good production, harvest fruit every 1–3 days. Greenhouse Notes: Grow cucumbers on a trellis to bining several strains make use of vertical space. Use mildew-resistant varieties, and hand-pollinate. Diseases: Although of long ear Cherokee scab is not usually a problem in the Mid-Atlantic region, two fungus diseases, powdery mildew and popcorn sent by Carl downy mildew, are common. Powdery mildew occurs during hot, dry spells, whereas downy mildew Barnes of Turpin, OK. occurs during wet, cool spells near the end of the growing season. Mosaic virus causes a yellow and Carl has helped save Cherokee Long Ear Small green mottling of the leaves and reduces plant vigor. Anthracnose, a fungus disease, is most common many of the Cherokee during mid- and late- season and during dry weather. Dark brown spots on the leaves and round corns that came west over the Trail of Tears.] Small sunken spots on the fruit are evidence of Anthracnose. Another fungus, angular leaf spot, is common kernelled variety makes surprisingly large pops, during cool, wet weather. Symptoms of angular leaf spot include interveinal browning and small yielding for a low hull/corn ratio. Great flavor. circular spots on the fruit. Bacterial wilt causes sudden dramatic wilting and death of the vines. Highly ornamental, 5–7 in. ears have many Use resistant or tolerant varieties, practice good sanitation and crop rotation, and pay attention to shiny colors including red, blue, orange, white, proper growth requirements. Insect Pests: Early season cucumber beetles can kill young seedlings. and yellow. 6–8 ft. plants. #41609 Pkt (~220 For about a month starting ~2–3 weeks after last spring frost, cucumber beetles are much hungrier seeds) $2.95; #41609F (¼ lb) $6.25 than usual, and will kill young seedlings. Dust young seedlings with pyrethrins or rotenone, or cover wirh row cover until the feeding frenzy has passed. Cucumber beetles can also spread bacterial wilt. Dakota Black ® OG S Control cucumber beetles with chickens and an Amaranth trap crop. Seed Savers: Isolate varieties (maroon-black) 90 days. by 1/8 mile for home use. Isolate a minimum of ¼ to 1 mile for pure seed. Packet: 2 g unless stated Beautiful 4½ in. ears, great (about 59–78 seeds, depending on variety) sows 20 ft. flavor. 15 rows per ear. 6 ft. stalks, 1 ear per stalk, Key to Cucumber Disease & Pest Tolerance above-average pest resistance. #41605 Pkt (~178 seeds) Known disease or pest tolerance is indicated in brackets after the variety name. Since many factors $2.95; #41605F (¼ lb) affect disease and pest tolerance, results may vary from region to region. Resistance is only partial. $5.75 Dakota Black als Angular Leaf Spot cub Cucumber beetles scab Cucumber Scab Dynamite OG S ® an Anthracnose dm Downy Mildew spm Spider mites 6 (South American bw Bacterial Wilt pm Powdery Mildew tls Target Leaf Spot Yellow) (yellow) 110 cmv Cucumber Mosaic Virus days. High yields and great buttery flavor makes this a farmer’s Slicing Cucumbers market best seller Ashley OG S ® 58 days. Lemon OG ® for grower William {als, dm, pm} [1956, Clem- 6 67 days. Hale. Sturdy 5 ft. son/AES.] Recommended {an, cub} stalks produce 2–3 Dynamite for hot, humid areas where 7 ft. vines ears with 12–14 rows disease resistance is import- are covered of big kernels for easy popping. #41610 Pkt ant. Good Downy Mildew with crunchy (~203 seeds) $2.95; #41610F (¼ lb) $4.95; resistance. Productive vines round yellow #41610G (½ lb) $8.50; #41610H (1 lb) produce 7–8 in. dark-green fruits. Har- $12.75; #41610K (4 lbs) $44.00 Seed grown fruits, tapered on the stem vest at 1½ in. Lemon and stewarded by William Hale in Louisa, VA. end. A popular variety in for pickling, #51101 Pkt Pennsylvania Butter-Flavored OG S ® 6 Ashley the Southeast. 2 in. for salads. Excellent, never-bitter, (white) 102 days. [Pre-1885 heirloom popcorn $2.75 old-fashioned cucumber flavor with a hint of nuttiness. #51505 Pkt $2.50 maintained by the Pennsylvania Dutch. Intro- DMR 401 Slicing duced 1988 by SESE.] Cucumber OG S ® Marketmore 76 OG Flavor is superior to com- 59 days. The next 57 days. {cmv, pm, mercial popcorn. Produces generation Downy dm, als, an} A great white-kerneled ears, aver- Mildew resistant high-yielding 8 in. aging 2 per 8 ft. stalk. 4–6 cucumber from bitter-resistant cucum- in. ears with 26–28 rows of Michael Mazourek’s ber. Grows well in the kernels, 1½–13/4 in. at the breeding program Mid-Atlantic region as butt, tapering to 1 in. at at Cornell U. The well as the North. A the tip. #41602 Pkt (~250 best in 2015 trials at good dependable mar- seeds) $2.95; #41602F Cornell and at Com- DMR 401 ket variety. Dark green (¼ lb) $5.25; #41602G mon Wealth Seed fruits are white- (½ lb) $9.75; #41602H Growers, DMR 401 has foliage that will resist Downy spined. #51108 Pkt (1 lb) $14.50 Seed grown Mildew pressure at levels that kill any other standard $2.50; #51108E (28 Marketmore 76 and stewarded by William Pennsylvania slicing cucumber plant! Early and productive, 8 in. long g) $5.50 Hale in Louisa, VA. Butter-Flavored cukes. #51113 Pkt $3.50; #51113D (14 g) $8.50 Popcorn, ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Cucumbers 17 Cucumbers Continued White Heron OG S ® 6 60 days. [Given Mexican Sour to SSE by Keith Herron, Gherkin OG ® 6 whose family used this (Mouse Melon, San- cucumber fresh and for dita) (Melothria scabra) pickling. Introduced 73 days. Thin but tena- 2017 by SESE.] Pale cious vines bear many Straight Eight yellow-green fruits 5/8 in. × 7/8 in. fruits Mexican Sour are best picked under with skin like tiny wa- Gherkin Straight Eight OG ® 6 57 days. {als, an, pm, 5 in., but still have termelons. Immature, spm} [1935, AAS winner.] Highly dependable, good flavor at larger White Heron they taste like cucumbers; when fully mature, high yielding cucumber. Very uniform deep sizes. Vigorous vines they taste like pickled cucumbers. Always pop- green 8 in. fruits about 2½ in. in diameter bore well in our 2015 trial, when most of our ular at tastings! Plant them along your garden with an exceptional flavor. #51107 Pkt $2.50; other cucumbers were killed early on by Downy path for convenient snacking. Bears until frost. #51107E (28 g) $5.50 Mildew. #51114 Pkt $2.75 Trellising recommended. #51301 Pkt (0.2 g, ® ~70 seeds) $2.75 Suyo Long OG S 61 White Wonder days. {pm} Sweet-fla- OG S 658 vored, “burpless” [South- Marketmore 80 OG S 56 days. {cmv, dm, pm, days. scab, cub} [Developed by Dr. Munger of Cornell.] cucumber from China, ern heirloom, Rare variety. Fruits are bitter-free, dark green, hot weather tolerant pre-1925?] and average 8–9 in. long and 2¼ in. in diame- and widely adapted. For pickles or ter. Less resistance to spider mites in our trials, Exceptionally har- slicing. The 7 × dy, productive, and 2½ in. fruits are but increased resistance to cucumber beetles. Suyo Long Recommended as a cool season main crop fine-flavored even under ivory-white even variety for the North and for fall planting in the adverse conditions. One when mature for of the best varieties in Twin Oaks Seeds’ 2013 South. Has multiple disease-resistance. #51102 edible harvest. White Wonder Pkt $2.75 downy mildew trials. Recommended as an early, Productive in main season, and late season variety for the hot weather. Poinsett 76 OG ® 56 Southeast. 15–18 in. long fruits, use for pickling #51106 Pkt $2.75 days. {als, an, dm, pm, or slicing. #51701 Pkt $2.95 spm} [Developed by Clemson and Cornell.] Pickling Cucumbers Edmonson OG S ® 6 An improved version of 70 days. {als, an, cmv, scab} Poinsett having multiple Pickling cucumbers can be sliced for eating fresh, [Family heirloom from Kansas disease-tolerance. Produces Poinsett 76 and slicing cucumbers can be pickled. Picklers since 1913. Introduced by SESE dark green cukes 7–8 tend to have crunchier texture, but with a hint of 1987.] One of our hardiest in. long and 2½ in. in soapy taste when used fresh. Pickling cucumbers cucumbers. Has good resis- diameter. The best open-pollinated slicer for the are usually blocky in shape and tend to have thicker, tance to disease, insects, Southeast and Mid-Atlantic coastal bumpier skin, sometimes with soft spines. and drought. Flavor is but- areas as a disease-resistant main crop #51103 Pkt $2.50 tery and texture is crisp and Edmonson garden variety. Arkansas Little tender even when past prime. Leaf ® Poona Kheera OG ® 6 OG S 59 4 in. long whitish-green fruits. 60 days. [Indian heirloom.] days. {als, an, bw, Best for pickles, but used for Golden-brown netted skin at cmv, pm, scab} slicing too. #51502 Pkt $2.75 maturity. 4 × 2 in. fruits start [U. of Arkansas, 1991.] Popular Homemade Pickles out white, turn yellow, then ® 55 days. finally brown, resembling a and reliable, this OG white-spined pick- Specially developed potato. Crisp and delicious for home gardeners. at all stages, never bitter. ler has multiple #51111 Pkt $2.75 Poona Kheera disease-resistance. Vigorous plants Compact vines with good disease Richmond Green have multiple resistance, includ- Apple OG S 663 days. branch points and Arkansas Little Leaf ing downy mildew [Australian heirloom.] will climb a fence resistance. Medium Lemon-sized fruits are pale or trellis with ease. Small leaf size makes finding green fruits with Homemade green with crispy white fruit easier, and the parthenocarpic flowers pro- small white spines Pickles flesh. Light, refreshing fla- duce fruit under stress and without pollinators. are solid and crisp. vor is very mild, sweet and 5 in. long fruits good for slicing and pickling. Harvest cukes at 1½ in. or larger, up to 6 in. juicy. Compact plants are This variety may have lost downy mildew resis- long. Makes robust bite-sized pickles, slices, or nice for small gardens. Best tance with the emergence of new strains of the large spears. #51504 Pkt $2.50 in cooler climates. #51507 fungus, as it now varies from year to year with Roseland Small White Pkt $2.75 Richmond Green Apple how well it resists DM. #51503 Pkt $2.75 OG S ® 6 55 days. [NC Spacemaster OG 60 Boston Pickling heirloom. In the early ‘70s, days. {cmv, scab} [De- OG S ® 6 58 Gordon Shronce’s sister veloped by Dr. Munger days. {cmv} [1880.] Evelyn Allran received seed at Cornell.] Bush-type Medium-green, blunt- from a neighbor in the plant with 2–3 ft. shaped fruits are crisp Roseland community near vines and 7½ in. long and mild, and just the Lincolnton, NC. Introduced cukes. Use for salads right size for pickling. by SESE 2016.] Loads of Roseland Small or pickles. Widely Spacemaster Not as rampant as early, blocky white cukes. White adapted. Plant early to some, but still very Gordon likes to pick them avoid late-season diseases. Ideal for containers and productive. #51506 at 3 in. or less, but they’re still mild and tender small gardens. #51104 Pkt $2.50 Pkt $2.75 Boston Pickling to 7 in. long, great sliced or pickled. #51112 Pkt $2.95 18 Cucumbers Culture: Culture of eggplant is similar to peppers. (See Rosa Bianca OG S ® Eggplant Pepper section.) Start seeds 8–10 weeks before setting out- 6 83 days. A beautiful Solanum melongena side, set out 1–2 weeks after last frost. Don’t rush the season Italian heirloom, some- because cold-shock can stunt the seedlings. Plants are what similar to Listada spaced 24 in. in equidistant spacing, or 20 in. apart in rows 36 in. apart. Fruit-Set: Flowers may not de Gandia with creamy set fruit during exceptionally hot weather. Mature plants have good vigor in fall, so cover plants on white base color and frosty nights for 1–2 weeks to extend the harvest season. Harvest: Keep well picked to keep plants pink-purple irregular stripes producing. Small fruits have the best eating quality. Fruits are ripe when the skin appears glossy and radiating from the top. fruit is resilient to thumb pressure. Cooking: Steamed and pureed eggplant is a great tomato paste One of our best-tasting substitute (really!). Pests: Control of flea beetles on young seedlings is essential. Pyrethrum and eggplants. #45402 Pkt rotenone are effective organic controls, or use the following method: Harden off seedlings on a table $2.75; #45402B (3 g) $7.50 at least 3 ft. off the ground. (Very little flea beetle damage occurs at this height.) After the seedlings Rosa Bianca osita ® 6 have been hardened off, transplant seedlings under 1 gallon plastic milk bottles and leave off the R OG S 70–80 lid. Leave the plants under the bottles as long as possible. Young seedlings may also be grown under days. [Heirloom from row cover for a month or until flowering starts. Diseases: Avoid growing on soil that has previously Puerto Rico.] 4 ft. grown tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, or especially eggplants for the past three years. Note: Days to tall plants produce maturity are from transplant date. Seed Savers: Isolate varieties by a minimum of 150 ft. for home excellent yields use. For pure seed isolate a minimum of 1/8 mile. Packet: 0.25 g unless otherwise stated (about of lavender-pink, 54–88 seeds, depending on variety) sows 60–100 ft. of transplants. teardrop-shaped fruits with white Morden Midget S shoulders. The skin Purple & Bi-Color (Morden Mini) 65 is tender without a trace of bitterness, Black Beauty OG ® 6 74 days. [1958, Morden days. [1902.] Fruits are dark Experimental Farm, and the white flesh purple, high-quality, and of fine Manitoba, Canada.] is mild and sweet, flavor. Dependable, well adapt- Good short-season because the seeds are Rosita ed to the Mid-Atlantic and the variety; in our rare so late to develop South. Produces up to 15 fruits cool summers in in the fruits. Our per plant. Fruits are 6½ × 5 in. Virginia, this one favorite eggplant, this is the one we always make and may weigh up to 3 lbs, but has better harvests sure to plant every year. #45203 Pkt $2.75; best harvested when smaller. in June and July Morden Midget #45203B (3 g) $7.50 #45101 Pkt $2.50 than our other Black Beauty eggplants! Short plants (18–30 in. tall) are Green & White Early Black Egg OG S ® 65 great for containers. 3–4 in. purple oval fruits. days. An early Japanese variety #45106 Pkt $2.50 Applegreen OG 65 days. of good flavor with small, [1964.] Early maturing, tender, egg-shaped fruits about Ping Tung Long apple-green fruits with 5 in. long. Sets well in the OG S ® 62 days. tender skin that doesn’t Mid-Atlantic, including cool, [Taiwanese vari- require peeling. Choice short-season areas. Vigorous ety.] Shiny deep variety for cool-season plants, more tolerant of flea lavender fruits areas. Apple-sized fruits beetles than other varieties. can grow to 2 × average 3 × 2½ in. #45102 Pkt $2.75 11 in. and longer. #45303 Pkt $2.50; Early Black Egg If plants are ® #45303B (3 g) Listada De Gandia OG S kept upright the $5.50 Applegreen 6 75 days. fruits can be kept [Heirloom straight for over from France 3/4 of the length, about making for 1850.] This impressive filets. Ping Tung Long egg-shaped Disease-resistant Italian beauty variety and high yielding, producing over 20 has 5–7 in. fruits per plant in our garden. Excellent flavor. fruits, purple #45104 Pkt $2.75; #45104B Pkt (3 g) $6.50 with irregular Louisiana Long Green white stripes. Listada de Gandia A unique eggplant pleasing to both the eye and the palate. Louisiana Long Green (Green Banana) OG Drought-tolerant, sets fruit well under high S ® 75 days. Attractive 6–12 in. light green, heat, though not as well in cold summers. Thin banana-shaped fruits. Spineless plants average 4 skin does not need to be peeled for cooking. ft. tall. #45301 Pkt $2.50; #45401 Pkt $2.75; #45401B (3 g) $7.50 #45301B (3 g) $5.50 Long Purple OG White Beauty OG S ® 75 days. Long, ® 70 days. 6 in. long slender fruits (2 × fruits, 2–3 in. diameter, 10 in.) are slightly Poamoho Dark Long good flavor. Hardy and bulbous on the productive for the South blossom end. Best New! Poamoho Dark Long OG S ® 67 days. and other hot, humid harvested when 1 [U. of Hawaii, 2018] A great new variety bred areas. 3 ft. plants. Some in. in diameter. The in Hawaii. Long, slender fruits with shiny variability in fruit dark-purple fruits black skins. The skins are thin and the flesh is shape. #45201 Pkt can be sliced like a tender – a great culinary variety. Tall, sturdy $2.50; #45201B (3 g) Long Purple cucumber. #45103 plants are vigorous and productive, bred for $6.50 White Beauty Pkt $2.50 Bacterial Wilt resistance. #45107 Pkt $2.75

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Eggplant 19 Seasonal Items: Shipping Surcharges Apply Garlic Growing Guides Learn the art of growing great garlic! Shipping Surcharge for Garlic: $2 for one item, $4 total for any two or more items. See our Garlic Growing Guides on p. 79. Includes all fall-shipped items: garlic, woodland medicinals (pg. 64), and onion bulbs (pg. 35). Garlic ships in the fall (September – November, northern-most areas first), but may be pre-ordered at any time. U.S. shipping addresses only. Asiatic & Turban Garlic If a garlic variety you order is unavailable, we may substitute a similar variety; if you Allium sativum would prefer a refund, please note no substitutions on your order. Culture: Cultural instructions are included with your bulb shipment. Characteristics: Asiatic Hardneck (Rocambole, Topsetting) and Asiatic Turban garlic are tentatively identi- Allium sativum var. ophioscorodon fied as an artichoke subtype. Unlike most arti- Culture: Culinary Notes: choke types, the stems are hardneck; however, Cultural instructions are included with your shipment of bulbs. Ro- in warm climates, they may revert to softneck. cambole garlics are enjoying a renaissance: gardeners and gourmet restaurants are discovering the Very early maturing, they size well even without merits of many varieties previously unavailable. We especially enjoy using the fresh green tops as an the removal of scapes (flowers). Asiatic garlic ingredient in salads. The cloves of rocambole are large and easy to peel, and as a rule they are more Characteristics: often has a striped skin. It matures suddenly and diverse in flavor than those of softneck garlics. Rocambole garlics do not yield as should be harvested as soon as the first leaves heavily as softneck garlics and they require better soil and slightly more care to maximize yields. begin to turn brown, otherwise the bulbs may They do best from Virginia northward (north of latitude 37°), but some widely adapted varieties split open before harvest. Long scapes. Stores can be successfully grown in southern areas. Rocambole garlic produces bulbs that divide under- 4–6 months. The flavor is rich and creamy when ground to produce cloves in the same manner as softneck garlic, but unlike softneck garlic, rocam- lightly baked, and very hot and spicy when raw. bole sends up a scape (flower stalk) which coils into a 360° turn, then straightens out to produce a Asiatic Turban garlic is the earliest maturing cluster of bulblets (topsets) at the top of the stalk. Coiled stalks can be removed and dried for use garlic. Doesn’t store for long – usually starts to in flower arrangements. The bulblets emerge under the cover of a paper-thin “night cap.” Though sprout before fall planting. Pretty purple-striped the bulblets can be planted it can take 2 years to produce mature bulbs. Best results are obtained Harvest and Yield Notes: wrappers, turban-shaped bulbs, very short by planting large cloves. Yields (by weight) may range from a low of 3:1 scape. Hardiness: recommended for zones 3–9. to a high of 8:1 depending on growing conditions. For highest yields, remove the scape (or “seed Starter Packages: Sold by weight rather than stalk”) at the junction of the highest leaf as soon as the scape has uncoiled from its 360° turn. Each clove count. Bulb size varies according to crop week the scape remains after this stage causes a yield reduction of approximately 5%. Bulbs are conditions. Your Starter Package includes a free harvested about 4 weeks after the 360° turn stage, when leaves begin to yellow but while 6–8 green Hardiness Zones: 4-page growing guide that covers perennial leaves remain. Most varieties store well for 3–6 months. Widely adapted varieties onions and garlic. are recommended for zones 3–8, otherwise zones 3–6. Starter Package: Rocambole garlic is sold by weight rather than clove count. Bulb size varies according to conditions. Your starter Package Maiskij S ® (Turban) [Turkmenistan.] Beau- includes a free 4-page growing guide that covers perennial onions and garlic. Check our website in tiful purple striped bulbs average 6 fat cloves. July & August, as we usually add a few varieties after completing harvests. Large, early and vigorous with a rich garlicky flavor. Our growers at Forever Yong farm say Killarney Red OG S it’s consistently the first garlic to emerge in fall, (Purple striped) [Orig- and the first to harvest in May. #65345 Starter inally from Idaho.] Package (cloves, 8 oz, see shipping info above- Better adapted to wet left) $14.95 conditions than most Russian Inferno S ® rocamboles – one of Killarney Red OG the best producing, (Turban) [Spokane, WA, via year after year. Bulbs Filaree Farm.] Averages 5 up to 2½ in., average 8–9 easily peeled cloves. cloves per large bulb. Hot Thin pink wrapper with lots of purple and when raw, mellow and brown. #65334 Starter Package (cloves, 8 oz, full-flavored when roasted. Chesnok Red see shipping info above) $14.95 #65346 Starter Package (cloves, 8 oz, see shipping Chesnok Red OG S 6(Purple-striped) [Re- Metechi OG S info above-left) $14.95 public of Georgia, near Shvelisi.] Nicely-col- (marbled purple Russian Inferno ored, large bulbs. Cloves are more numerous striped) Vigorous Shilla S ® (Turban) [Ko- and elongated than most hardneck types. growing upright rean.] Vigorous, good sized Chesnok Red is the best baking garlic, very leaves form nicely bulbs have mostly white wrappers, unlike most aromatic with an abiding flavor. #65306 colored bulbs with other Asiatic and Turban varieties. Bulbs average Starter Package (cloves, 8 oz, see shipping 5-8 fat easy-to-peel 8 fat brownish-purple cloves. Medium-hot info above) $14.95 cloves. Makes a flavor with pleasant Dijon mustard overtones. lovely roasted garlic. #65347 Starter Package (cloves, 8 oz, see German Ex- #65348 Starter shipping info above-left) $14.95 tra-Hardy OG Package (cloves 8 6 (Porcelain) oz, see shipping Metechi Very winter-hardy. info above) $14.95 Large cloves with a purplish blush, Music OG (Porcelain) Extremely large cloves, about 4–6 6–8 per bulb, per bulb, sized over 2 in. Music is vigorous and productive, having when raw a with a nice rich, pungent flavor. #65314 Starter Package very strong flavor, (cloves, 8 oz, see shipping info above) $14.95 German which mellows Extra-Hardy when cooked. Easy Romanian Red OG S (Porcelain) Large, plump cloves num- to prepare and bering 4 to 5 per bulb. In fertile soil the bulb wrappers are stores well. #65307 Starter Package (cloves, white, otherwise white with splashes of purple. Bulbs are 8 oz, see shipping info above) $14.95 easy to clean, very attractive and have excellent longevity in storage. Flavor is pungent and long-lasting. #65304 Starter Romanian Red Package (cloves, 8 oz, see shipping info above) $14.95 20 Garlic www.SouthernExposure.com Seasonal Items: Shipping Surcharges Apply Softneck (Braiding) Garlic Garlic & Perennial Allium sativum var. sativum Onion Samplers See Shipping Info on Previous Page. Culture: Cultural instructions are included with your shipment of bulbs. Characteristics: Softneck garlics are more domesticated and have evolved from hardneck garlics. They have lost the ability to produce topsets, hence the center of the bulb has a soft braidable neck. Softneck garlics are more productive, more widely adapted, have better storage quality, and are easier to grow than hardneck garlics, but they are slightly less cold-hardy in extreme northern areas. Clove count per bulb is much higher but many varieties have small interior cloves. We have had yields (by weight) as high as 16:1, but 5 or 8:1 is more typical. There are two horticultural groups of softneck garlics: The artichoke type and the silverskin type. Artichoke types are the largest, most widely adapted, and most pro- ductive, typically with 3–5 layers of cloves that give the bulb a lumpy appearance. Silverskin types have smooth, usually white bulb scales. They produce the most uniform and attractive bulbs, and are therefore popular for braiding. Cloves tend to be held tightly in the bulb and do not separate as easily as those of the artichoke type. Silverskin types are popular in western and southern states, but they also perform well in eastern states. Hardiness Zones: Recommended for zones 3–9. Starter Package: Softneck garlic is sold by weight rather than clove count. Bulb size varies according to crop conditions. Bulbs usually weigh an ounce or more. Your Starter Package includes a free 4-page growing guide that covers perennial onions and garlic.

Beginner’s Mixed Starter Package This California Early OG Nootka Rose OG S OG S ® (Artichoke) This ® 6 (Silverskin) is a garlic starter package appropriate for very large, easy to grow [Originally from Nootka small gardens and beginners. It can yield up to softneck is probably Rose Farm in WA.] 4 lbs in favorable conditions. Included are ¼ the most widely grown Thick, creamy white lb of an easy softneck type, plus ¼ lb of a more garlic in the U.S. Mild wrappers cover red- challenging hardneck, as well as SESE’s garlic flavor, Excellent stor- streaked clove wrappers. growing guide. #92501 (cloves, see shipping age. 8–10 cloves per Medium-sized bulbs Nootka Rose info p. 20) $16.50 bulb. #65120 Starter with 15–24 cloves. This Small Garden Sampler OG This sampler is for Package (cloves, 8 oz, California Early is one of our longest storing silverskin garlics. the small gardener who wants to try several see shipping info p. #65114 Starter Package (cloves, 8 oz, see ship- varieties of garlic. It includes ¼ lb of an arti- 20) $14.50 ping info p. 20) $14.50 choke-type softneck, ¼ lb of a silverskin-type softneck, ¼ lb of a rocambole-type hardneck, Red Toch OG S ® 6 (Artichoke) [Originates from the Republic of Georgia, near Tochliavri.] and ¼ lb of a purple-striped hardneck. Yields Produces large bulbs with attractively colored up to 8 lbs. Also included is SESE’s garlic cloves, streaked in shades of pink and red. For growing guide. #92502 (cloves, see shipping those who prefer their garlic raw, Red Toch has a info p. 20) $29.50 multidimensional quality, a spicy fragrance, and consummate flavor. #65106 Starter Package Growing Great (cloves, 8 oz, see shipping info p. 20) $14.50 Garlic [Ron Engeland.] The Inchelium Red definitive sourcebook for Silverwhite Sil- growing garlic organically. verskin OG S ® Written for gardeners and Inchelium Red OG S ® 6 (Artichoke) (Silverskin) Beautiful small farmers, it covers site [Originally from the Colville Indian Reservation, large cloves, mild preparation through plant- Inchelium, WA.] Higher in soluble solids than flavor. [Original stock ing, fertilizing, harvesting, other garlic varieties we offer, in 1991 it won from Harmony Farms storing, and marketing. first place among 20 varieties evaluated for in California.] This is Also includes chapters on flavor at the Rodale Food Center. Clove count the garlic often seen in Silverwhite Silverksin the history and evolution of averages 15 per bulb with a wide variation in grocery stores. Good garlic. Based on the author’s clove count. Inchelium Red has out-produced for braiding, long storage (12 months if well experience with over 200 Chet’s Italian Purple, formerly our most pro- grown and cured). #65103 Starter Package garlic strains. Softcover, 226 ductive variety. Produces bulbs in excess of 3 (cloves, 8 oz, see shipping info p. 20) $14.50 pp. #91111 $16.95 in. in diameter under good conditions. #65102 Starter Package (cloves, 8 oz, see shipping Elephant Garlic Allium ampeloprasum info p. 20) $14.50 Culture: Cultural directions are Elephant Garlic OG S ® 6 Lorz Italian OG described in our 4-page growing Individual cloves grow to pro- S ® 6 (Arti- guide that is enclosed with bulb duce large bulbs weighing ½ lb choke) [Pre-1900 shipments. Culinary Uses: Elephant or more (as large as a grapefruit). heirloom from garlic is mild and sweet enough to This garlic is more closely related Italy.] Spicy Italian be sliced raw and served in salads or to leeks, and the flavor is mild garlic is hotter steamed as a vegetable with butter and sweet. Serve alone as a than most variet- and bread crumbs. Use it to impart steamed vegetable with butter ies and is a natural garlic flavor to meats, vegetables, and bread crumbs, or bake it in for Italian cuisine. and salads without concern about the oven. Yield by weight is 8:1 Bulbs average 16 excessive garlic flavor. The large under good conditions. #65801 squarish cloves Lorz Italian cloves are easy to peel, grate, dry, Starter Package (cloves, 16 oz, with few small in- and prepare. Storage: Withstands see shipping info p. 20) $19.50; terior cloves. Sizes up well in Virginia. #65111 temperatures well below freezing #65801A (cloves, 40 oz, see Elephant Starter Package (cloves, 8 oz, see shipping and has a shelf life of at least 10 shipping info p. 20) $39.00 info p. 20) $14.50 months when properly stored. ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Garlic 21 Gourds Lagenaria siceraria unless noted 2 Greens 2 Cultural and Handling Notes: See Cultural Notes for winter squash. Gourd seeds are a few days longer to germinate than squash. Arugula (Roquette) Gourds have many fewer insect problems than squash. If not grown Eruca sativa on trellis, space plants 18 in. apart, rows 10 ft. apart, to let vigorous Culture: Arugula is a cool-weather crop vines sprawl! Small gourds are best grown on a trellis to obtain best that requires loose, rich, moist soil. Sow quality fruits. Harvest when the fruit stem changes from green to yel- seeds in the spring as soon as the soil can be low or yellow-brown. Leave 4 in. of stem attached. Wash fruits gently worked, with successive sowings 3–4 weeks with soapy water, and dry in well-ventilated area. Turn often for 3–4 African Drum apart. Sow ¼ in. deep, 1 in. apart, in rows 8–12 weeks, scrub off discolored areas. If desired, wax and shine to a luster. in. apart, thinning to 4–6 in. apart. Packet: 1.5 g unless stated (about 750 seeds, sows 30 ft.). Ornamental Gourds Culinary Gourds Arugula OG 40 days. Distinctive, sharp, peppery African Drum Gourd OG S ® 6 140 days. Cucuzzi OG S ® 6 (Cu- leaves are best harvested when 2–3 in. long. A nice ac- [Original seedstock from Suzanne Ashworth.] cuzza, Zuchetta, Guinea cent for mixed salads. Greens past their prime may be Huge 18-22 in. gourds with thick walls (5/8 Bean) (Lagenaria siceraria) lightly steamed with other greens such as mustard or in. in good conditions). Round to slightly 60 days. [Italian heirloom, turnip greens, or used in creamed soups. #64101 Pkt teardrop-shaped. A standout for downy mildew grown by Jefferson at Monticel- $2.50; #64101C (7 g) $4.50; #64101E (28 g) $5.50 resistance in Common Wealth Seed Growers’ lo.] Pale green fruits up to 36 2015 gourd trial, but in other years it’s shown in. long, for best tenderness some DM susceptibility. harvest at 6-12 in. Fruits Cucuzzi Chicory & Radicchio #54110 Pkt (4 g, ~11 milder than luffa. Bug-resis- Cichorium intybus seeds) $3.50 tant plants are a great zucchini sub- Culture: See Endive (Escarole) on page 24. stitute. Normally very vigorous, but Birdhouse Gourd, had a shorter season during 2013’s Bradshaw’s OG S ® Catalogna Chicory OG 55 days. This 6 cold, wet summer. Big sprawling well-known Italian chicory has green, 95 days. For over 50 vines up to 20 feet long, best planted years, Dr. David Brad- deeply cut dandelion-like leaves with on the edge of the garden; at Monti- light green mid-ribs. More upright shaw has been selecting cello they’re grown up a sturdy 10-ft. the strongest and best- than the frillier varieties, it grows up tall wooden arbor. #54503 Pkt (3 g, to 16 in. tall, but is best harvested shaped gourds for Purple ~20 seeds) $2.75 Catalogna Chicory Bradshaw’s Martin (Progne subis when smaller. #61501 Pkt (1 g, Birdhouse subis) birdhouses. This Luffa OG S ® 6 ~750 seeds) $2.50 species, the largest Amer- (Vegetable Sponge, Verona Red Radicchio ican swallow, suffered a population crash in the Dishcloth Gourd) OG ® 6 85 days. [Named for the Italian 20th Century due to the spread of European (Luffa cylindrica) region where it originated.] Beautiful Starlings, and the birds now rely on humans for 65 days for edible red leaves and white stalks. Zesty flavor nesting houses. It is thought that without our fruits, 150 days for develops best in cool weather. Normally assistance, Purple Martins would be in danger of sponges. The young planted in mid-summer for fall harvest, extinction. Monitor your birdhouses to prevent gourds are edible can withstand light frosts. #61602 Pkt Verona Red take-over by aggressive, non-native birds. Purple and make a great (1 g, ~450 seeds) $2.50 Martins eat mosquitoes and many other insect zucchini substi- Radicchio pests. The sprawling plants produce up to 12 tute. Best eaten at Wild Garden Chicory Mix OG S ® gourds each. Packets come with Dr. Bradshaw’s 1 in. diameter or Luffa [Frank Morton] A rainbow mix instructions for building birdhouse condomini- less. Mature, dark of different chicories – add some ums. #54109 Pkt (3 g, ~22 seeds) $2.95 green 14-24 in. fruits may be retted great color to your fall salads! #61951 Pkt (0.5 g, ~350 seeds) $2.50 ® (soaked in water to soften while Bushel Gourd 130 days. It is the soft tissue breaks down). Once not unusual for these gourds to retting is complete, they are cleaned Chinese Cabbage grow to over the size of a bushel, and ready to use as sponges or filters. especially if you trim them to 1 Vines have pretty, bright yellow flow- & Asian Greens Brassica rapa fruit per plant. Needs a long sea- ers. #54501 Pkt (3 g, ~20 seeds) Culture: Heading types are grown similarly to cab- son to mature – plant as early as $2.75 possible. Slate gray gourds make bage. If grown in spring, plant as early as possible, as excellent baskets when dried, as Luffa, Ridged OG mature heads will rot in summer heat. Looseleaf types their shells are stronger than other S ® 6 (Chinese are grown similarly to collards or kale. Pak Choi is gourds. #54107 Pkt (3 g, ~8 Vining Okra, Ridge usually harvested as small heads but may be harvested Bushel seeds) $2.75 Gourd) (Luffa by the leaf. Seed Savers: Crosses with mustard greens, acutangula) 76 days broccoli raab, turnips, and some rapeseed (canola). Ornamental Gourds, Large Isolate by a minimum of 600 ft. to 1/8 mile for ® for edible fruits, 135 Mixed OG Attractive and useful mixture days for sponges. home use, or by ¼–½ mile for pure seed. of large gourds separately grown from seed to Harvest the long, Packet: 2 g (~625 seeds) maintain purity, then blended to include variet- angular fruits for ies such as Bottle, Powder Horn, Long-Handled edible fruits when Ridged Luffa Pak Choi (Bok Choy) Dipper, Hercules Club, and Italian Edible. tender and young, at #54302 Pkt (3 g, ~18 seeds) $2.50 White-Stemmed Pak Choi OG ® about 1¼–1½ in. × (B. rapa chinensis) 45 days. Tender, Ornamental Gourds, Small Mixed OG (Cu- 6–14 in, picking every 2–3 days. Use light green, spoon-shaped curbita pepo) Attractive mixture of small gourds as a substitute for summer squash or leaves with thick, white ribs. separately grown from seed to maintain purity, okra. Fruits are attractive sliced and 14–18 in. tall. Crisp and mild, then blended. Includes varieties such as Apple, do not have the bitterness of smooth great for Asian cooking. Stems Pear, Small Orange, Yellow-Warted, Flat-Striped, luffas. For sponges or dish cloths, make a good celery substitute. and Crown of Thorns. #54301 Pkt (3 g, ~57 allow fruits to mature to full size, White- Cold-resistant, extended har- Stemmed seeds) $2.50 18–30 in., then ret. Vigorous vines vests. #22504 Pkt $2.50 are best trellised. #54505 Pkt (3 g, 22 Gourds, Greens ~18 seeds) $2.75 www.SouthernExposure.com Unusual Heat-Tolerant Greens for Summer Salads Collards Brassica oleracea var. acephala Culture: Kale and collards are members of the Amaranth Greens Jewels of Opar cabbage family, and have similar cultural re- New! Callaloo Jewels of Opar OG S ® 6 (Fame quirements (See Cabbage section). They are both (Amaranthus viridis) flower) (Talinum paniculatum) 35 forms of non-heading cabbage and are among [Jamaican variety, via days. Purslane relative with elegant the earliest forms of cultivated cabbage. Both are Melissa DeSa in FL.] panicles of 3/8 in. pink flowers. Mild exceptionally high in iron and in vitamins A and Tasty, quick grow- leaves are succulent, light green, C. Collards are more heat-tolerant than cabbage ing, self sowing hot and eye-catching. Great in salads, and are usually winter-hardy from Virginia weather greens popular on sandwiches, and as a spinach Jewels of Opar southward. Kale is best grown as a spring, fall, throughout the African substitute. Also has medicinal uses. or winter vegetable. The taste of both kale and diaspora, as well as in Callaloo The seedstalks are attractive in dried arrangements collards is sweetened and enhanced by frosts Asian cuisines. The – seedpods dry down through shades of orange, red, and cool temperatures. Cooking Notes: Kale abundant leaves are brown, gold, and grey. 2–3 ft. tall plants can reach 3 and collards are best cooked, but young greens usually eaten cooked, and are sometimes ft. wide. Grows in sun or part shade; tolerates poor grown in cool weather are good in salads. On- referred to as Chinese spinach. The soil. Native to parts of the South and the Caribbean. ions, garlic, pork fat, and vinegar all comple- upright branched plants can reach 6-8 ft. Perennial in zones 8 and up. Self-sows readily; may ment collards. Harvest: Clip individual leaves tall in favorable conditions. Cucumber naturalize. #34201 Pkt (0.15 g, ~470 seeds) $2.75 before they are 12 in. long. Old leaves become beetles chew some holes in the leaves, but tough and stringy. Diseases and Pests: Seed cab- seldom slow down growth. Culture: after Orach bage section. Cabbage worms can be controlled last frost, sow or transplant 3-week-old with bT. Pick harlequin bugs off spring-sown seedlings. For continuous harvest, plant Magenta Magic OG S (Atriplex hortensis) The deep- crops or start new crops in late summer. Seed every 2-4 weeks. Space plants up to 18 est, darkest red of all the orach varieties available, a Savers: See Broccoli section. Packet: 2 g unless in. apart. Harvest before plants flower. lively addition to any salad. Picked young it is tender, otherwise stated (about 625 seeds) sows 55 ft. Self-sows. Callaloo is tolerant of poor and many growers use it in their mesclun mixes. direct seeded or 230 ft. as transplants. soil, root knot nematodes, and bacterial Slightly spicy upright growing plant holds its flavor wilt – good greens for almost any garden! even as the plants mature in summer heat. (Culture: Alabama Blue S ® #33121 Pkt $2.75 Direct seed at 2 in. spacing after frost for summer 6 75 days. [Alabama and fall harvest. Thin to 9 in., harvesting thinnings.) heirloom, original #59101 Pkt (0.5 g, ~60 seeds) $2.75 seedstock from Jean Celosia Mills. Introduced 2015 Greens Summer Spinach by SESE.] Landrace with wide variation in Sokoyokoto Afri- ew ealand ® 6 N Z (Tetragonia beautiful leaf colors. can Spinach (Celosia Edible African expansa) 62 days. [Introduced from Green, blue-green, argentea) Traditional Celosia New Zealand in 1772.] A heat- and greens throughout and purple leaves with drought-tolerant spinach substitute white, pale green, and western and central Africa; the most with soil requirements similar to Alabama Blue widely eaten greens in Nigeria. Leaves, New Zealand plum-colored veins. spinach. Greens are best cooked. Smaller leaves than tender stems, and young flowers can Seed should be soaked 4–24 hours all be used like spinach. About 50 days most collards; plants can be more closely before planting to speed germination. #68601 Pkt (6 spaced. The leaves are more tender and faster to making abundant, bright pink-red g, ~66 seeds) $2.50 flowers. Culture is similar to the closely to cook, and the plants hold their sweetness related Callaloo. For continuous harvest, Red Malabar ® 6 (Basella alba longer in hot weather. Blue-leaved collards plant every 2-4 weeks. Seed grown and var. rubra) 70 days. These Asian have become rare, we hope to get more folks stewarded by Rushdat Hale in Lexing- greens are a great summer substi- growing these again! #24114 Pkt $2.75; ton, SC. #33101 Pkt $2.75 tute for spinach. The fleshy leaves #24114D (14 g) $7.50 and stems are high Back! Cascade Glaze S ® 72 days. This in vitamins A and reselection of ‘Green Glaze’ is more uniform C. Excellent for Heading types Red Malabar than the original. Shorter plants than the salads, stir fries, and original, but preserves outstanding features Early Nozaki S ® 60 days. (B. rapa thickening summer pekinensis) Quick to produce bar- such as smooth leaves, hardiness, and excel- soups. Germination is slow (10+ days lent flavor. #24108 Pkt $2.75 rel-shaped heads, and slower to bolt at 80°F) so plant extra, or start indoors than other Chinese cabbage in our 3–6 weeks before transplanting. Grows Champion OG S ® 75 days. trials. Wide, flat, succulent midribs. best with trellising: a good technique [VA/AES.] A Vates type collard Tender and pleasant in salads, stir-fries Early Nozaki is to plant next to pea trellises and let with increased bolt-resistance, and ferments. #22506 $2.75 them take over as the peas finish. Thin darker blue-green foliage, and Michihili (B. rapa pekinensis) 73 days. to 12–18 in. apart. Will re-grow even if enhanced winter hardiness. [1948.] Popular variety. Large, upright, severely cut back. Self-sows readily. Non-heading and productive. well-blanched heads (4 × 18 in.) #68301 Pkt (1 g, ~36 seeds) #24105 Pkt $2.75; #24105E wrapped with dark-green leaves. Flavor $2.95 (28 g) $8.50 Champion is sweet and mild. Sow in early July for Even’ Star Land Race fall harvest. #22502 Pkt $2.50 Collards S ® Vigorous, winter-hardy collards selected for tender, mild Looseleaf types Tokyo flavor; small leaves are sweet enough for mes- Bekana Tokyo Bekana OG ® (B. rapa chinen- clun. No susceptibility to autumn powdery sis) 44 days. Great salad green – fast-growing mildew, and tolerant of a wide range of soils. plants make enormous loose heads of light Hardy to 6°F. Best for fall planting. #24110 green, ruffled leaves. Very mild – almost let- Pkt $2.50; #24110E (28 g) $8.50 tuce-like in flavor – with good frost tolerance. Now being grown and eaten on the Interna- Collards continue on tional Space Station! #22505 Pkt $2.75 Even’ Star Land Race Collards the next page.

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Greens 23 Back! Green Glaze, McCormack’s S ® Vates ® 68 days. [VA/AES.] Slow-bolting Collards continued. 75 days. [2000, Dr. Jeff McCormack.] Similar collard with large blue-green leaves on 32 in. Georgia Cabbage Collards to ‘Green Glaze,’ but selected for 8 years for tall plants. Produces high-quality frost-resistant S ® 6 70 days [Introduced improved cold tolerance and uniform bright greens especially suited to the Mid-Atlantic and by SESE 2019. Another Heir- green glossy leaves. Has survived to 0°F without the South. #24104 Pkt $2.50 loom Collard Project standout, freezing. Leaves have a bright green glossy White Mountain originally from Bobby Prevatte, appearance. Excellent resistance to cabbage worm Cabbage Collards #24107 Pkt (1 g) $2.75 whose grandparents grew them and cabbage looper. ® 6 70 days. [SC near Lumberton, NC. Stock S en eck ® 6 family heirloom from seed from the USDA, collected H P OG S 72 days. [NC heirloom, seed stock from Benny and Vickie Cox. Intro- Rodger Winn. Introduced by geography prof. Dr. John 2009 by SESE.] Heading Morgan] Semi-prostrate duced 2015 by SESE.] Another great cabbage collard variety from the Collard Shack. Tender, collard with dark-green plants, 15-20 in. tall and 26- savoyed leaves, similar Georgia 38 in. wide with a moderate mild greens. The unusual toothed leaf margins Cabbage appear as if a bird had nibbled on them, hence to Morris Heading, but tendency to head. Sweet and much larger, up to 3 ft. tender yellow-green leaves the name. (Thin out any non-toothed offtype seedlings.) #24112 Pkt $2.75; #24112D (14 g) Rodger’s great-aunt made have a rich flavor some describe as nutty and $7.50 excellent sauerkraut cabbage-like. A 2018 taste test favorite! Plants with this. #24109 are vigorous and high yielding, hardy to 20°F. Variegated OG S ® 6 80 Pkt $2.75 White Mountain #24116 Pkt $2.75 days. [Florida family heir- Cabbage Collards loom since ~1910. Seed orig- Back! William Georgia Green ® 6 OG Alexander ® (Georgia Southern, Creole) inally via SESE grower Walt S Childs. Introduced 1999 by 6 [One of the first releases from the Collard [Pre-1880.] Especially valuable Project, this heirloom variety comes from variety for the sandy soil of the SESE.] Tender greens with good cold hardiness; as the 79-year-old black farmer William Alexander, Atlantic coast and in places who got the seeds from his father. Introduced where it is difficult to grow cab- plants experience colder and colder weather, at least half Variegated 2018 by SESE.] Rich, mustardy taste with bage successfully. It is resistant a touch of sweetness. Leaves are green to to heat and frost, and grows the plants’ leaves become a beautiful green-and-white dark green. Plants are 15-26 in. tall and well on poor soil. The open, 25-40 in. wide. Plants have a slight heading loose heads are best harvested during the winter. In the South where the winter temperatures remain above 20°F, plants can live tendency. Flavor is best after a frost. #24115 Pkt after frost when they are sweet $2.75 Georgia Green and tender. 36 in. tall plants. 5+ years and develop 3-4 in. diameter stems. #24101 Pkt $2.75 #24106 Pkt $2.75; #24106D (14 g) $7.50 Green Glaze S ® 6 79 days. [Introduced 1820 by David Landreth.] Collard Seed Savers Project Old-fashioned and unique variety with We are working with Seed Savers Exchange to learn more of smooth, bright green leaves. Heat- the stories behind landrace collards and to find stewards for and frost-resistant, slow-bolting and these varieties. Contact us to learn how you can get involved. non-heading. 30-34 in. tall. Excellent resistance to cabbage worm and cabbage www.heirloomcollards.org looper. Recommended especially for Southern and warm coastal states. Thin out any dull-leaved off-type plants. Green Glaze #24102 Pkt $2.95 Endive (Escarole) Cichorium endiva Cress Culture: Endive is grown like lettuce and is senstive to hot weather. Thin plants to 8–12 Culture: A quick growing cool-weath- in. apart in rows 18 in. apart. May be blanched er vegetable, cress has many forms. in 3 weeks by tying up the outer wrapper Plant upland cress and curly cress in leaves, but must remain dry inside the wrapper. late summer or early fall in moist but Blanching increases crispness, tenderness, and well-drained soil with plenty of organ- removes bitterness caused by hot weather. For ic matter. Broadcast seed (or plant in prolonged harvest, dig plants in late fall with rows 7 in. apart) and cover very lightly Belle Isle Curly Cress Watercress root ball intact and store at about 50°F in a with soil or compost. Seed can take 2 root cellar. weeks to emerge. urly ress ® 6 C C (Garden Cress) (Lep- Endive, sliced in half to Belle Isle OG S ® 6 (Upland Cress) (Barbarea idium sativum) 30 days. Use the young show blanched heart verna) 50 days. [17th c. Portuguese sailors ship- leaves of this mustard family member for wrecked on Canada’s Belle Isle survived the winter adding zing to salads. #71218 Pkt (2 g, thanks to these greens.] A traditional winter green ~1330 seeds) $2.50 across the Mountain South. Dark green leaves are Watercress OG ® 6 (Nasturtium offici- high in vitamin C. Transplant or sow anytime, nale) Best sown spring through mid-sum- but best sown in late summer for winter greens. mer. Rich in vitamins and used in salads The yellow blossoms help nourish ladybugs, syr- for mustard-like flavor. Transplant to a phids, and other beneficial insects. #71307 Pkt cool stream of pure clean water (1.5 g, ~930 seeds) $2.75 or grow in pots and add fresh Broad-Leaved Batavian OG ® 6 (Full Heart Escarole) 90 days. [1934. AAS winner.] Large, Creasy Greens ® 6 (Upland Cress, water daily. Can also be grown Winter Cress) (Barbarea verna) 50 in trays with just enough water broad, dark-green outer leaves enclose round, to float the crowns. Needs partial deep 12–16 in. heads which are well-blanched, days. An old favorite. As easy to grow #61101 Pkt (1 g, as spinach indoors or out. #71217 shade in hot weather. #71219 creamy-white, and buttery. Pkt (2 g, ~1250 seeds) $2.50 Pkt (0.5 g, ~2740 seeds) $2.75 ~600 seeds) $2.50

24 Greens Creasy Greens www.SouthernExposure.com ack ark s ongue ® 6 iberian ® Brassica oleracea & Brassica napus B ! L ’ T OG S (Lerch- S OG S (B. Kale enzunge Grunkohl) 55 days. [1800s German napus var. pabularia) Culture: A member of the cabbage family with variety. Seedstock from William Woys Weaver.] 55 days. Good basic similar cultural requirements to collards and Hardy German kale, given its fanciful name for kale, 24–30 in. tall, cabbage (see Collards section). Seed Savers: its long, narrow leaves. Young plants survive tender leaves are light Brassica napus crosses with rutabaga and some subzero winters without damage, and in warmer green and ruffled, rapeseed (canola). For Brassica oleracea, see areas the kale may only flower a little or not at thick white stems. Broccoli section. Packet: 2 g unless otherwise all in the spring, and so live for several years and #25108 Pkt $2.50; Siberian stated (about 625 seeds) sows 55 ft. direct grow as tall as 5 ft. Silver-green leaves. #25111 #25108E (28 g) $8.50 seeded or 230 ft. as transplants. Pkt (1 g) $2.75 Vates OG S ® 55 Premier ® 60 days. When days. [Selected from Lacinato OG S ® 6 60 over-wintered, the vigorous ‘Dwarf Blue Curled days. Dark green heir- plants remain compact while Scotch’ by the VA/ loom kale from Tuscany developing new growing points AES.] Planted spring that dates back to the on the main stem. This results in or fall. Overwinters 1700s. Sometimes called higher leaf production for spring well in the Mid-At- “dinosaur kale,” Italians harvest. Plants resist bolting 3–4 lantic. Resistant to call it “cavolo lacinato,” weeks longer. Smooth, exception- yellowing due to or curly kale. It is sweet Premier Lacinato ally tender dark green leaves have frost or heat. Very and delicious and so scalloped edges. #25105 Pkt flavorful, best when Vates hardy it can be harvest- $2.50 steamed, good in sal- ed under a foot of snow. #25106 Pkt $2.75; ads. #25101 Pkt $2.75; #25101E (28 g) $6.50 #25106E (28 g) $9.50 Red Russian OG ® (B. napus) 40 days. New! White Russian Lacinato Rainbow Mix Beautiful plants OG S ® (B. napus) OG S ® [Bred by Frank grow 2 ft. tall. Mild, [Bred by Frank Mor- Morton of Wild Garden tender leaves have ton of Wild Garden Seed, Lacinato crossed purple-pink veins Seed.] Green with with Redbor hybrid kale.] lightly tinged with white veins, tasty ten- Lacinato’s treasured taste, purple on the mar- der greens are similar plus many shades of red gins. In cold weather to Red Russian, but and purple in the stems the leaves turn red- Red Russian taller, more cold-har- and leaves. As with other Lacinato dish-purple and are dy, and overwintered White Russian red-tinted greens, color is Rainbow Mix very attractive. Less plants last longer. most vivid in cool weath- cold-hardy (15°F) than most kales. #25102 Pkt Great wet soil tolerance, even surviving flood- er. Now extra-cold-hardy -- the 2014 seed crop $2.50; #25102E (28 g) $5.50 ing. #25113 Pkt $2.75; #25113D (14 g) $6.75 went through a -6°F freeze, and seed was saved #25109 Pkt (1.5 from the plants that survived! Old Fashioned Ragged g, ~450 seeds) 2.75; #25109D (14 g) $7.25 Chinese Thick-Stem OG ® ® Edge 6 42 days. An old S 43 days. Superb favorite that produces fine winter-hardy mustard from quality salad greens. Leaves Mustard Greens Even’ Star Farm. Succu- are long, narrow, deeply Brassica juncea & Brassica rapa lent, mild mustard with cut, and ruffled. A popular an enlarged midrib. Great Culture: This nutritious cool weather crop mustard in Virginia and the flavor raw or cooked. Hardy Carolinas. Though it bolts shares cultural requirements with members of to 6°F. Good tolerance of Old Fashioned the cabbage family. (See Cabbage section.) Di- early, it has the best flavor. Ragged Edge poor soil drainage. Best for #27101 Pkt $2.50 rect sow ¼ in. deep in spring, summer, and early fall planting. #27105 Pkt fall. Thin to 8–12 in. apart in rows 10–12 in. $2.75; #27105D (14 g) Chinese Thick-Stem Red Giant OG ® (B. juncea) apart. Keep well watered. Seed Savers: Brassica $7.50 43 days. A beautiful mustard rapa crosses with Chinese cabbage, broccoli from Japan, Red Giant has raab, turnips, and some rapeseed (canola). Early Mizuna OG B. rapa japonica well-savoyed leaves, predom- Isolate by a minimum of 600 ft. to 1/8 mile for ( ) inately reddish-purple with home use. For pure seed isolate varieties by 37 days. Extremely an undercoat of deep green. mile. Packet: 2 g unless otherwise stated mild, yet defnitely a Good cold tolerance and ½–¼ (1050 seeds) sows 90 ft. mustard flavor. Tastes strong mustard flavor. More great in salads even insect-resistant than other for those that dislike Carolina Broadleaf OG varieties. #27102 Pkt $2.75 ® the spiciness often Red Giant S 42 days. [2015, ® Mark Farnham & Pat associated with raw Ruby Streaks OG Wechter, ARS/USDA. mustards. Also an ex- 40 days. Beautiful, Introduced 2017 by SESE.] cellent cooking green. lacy, deeply serrated Old favorite “Florida Delicate, frilly greens leaves are purple in Broadleaf” mustard is now are frost tender, so not cold weather, purple having big problems with recommended for late Early Mizuna and green in warm fall crops. #27104 weather. They have a new bacterial blight, so Pkt $2.50; #27104E (28 g) $5.75 Carolina breeders have just the right kind of spiciness and come to the rescue and Back! Horned Mustard ® OG S 41 days. As add a great touch Ruby Streaks added needed resistance! Carolina Broadleaf the lightly frilled, bright green leaves grow, a 16-24 in. tall plants, green to salads. Good in small horn emerges from the stem. The tender stir-fries as well. #27111 Pkt (2 g) $2.75 leaves, pick ‘em small for salads, or larger for leaves are spicy when raw but mild when cooking. #27112 Pkt $2.75; #27112E (28 g) cooked. Texas grower Tim Miller grows this $6.50; #27112F (1 lb) $16.25 mustard fall through spring in his hot climate. Mustard Greens continue #27110 Pkt $2.75 on the next page. ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Greens 25 Mustard Greens Parsley Petroselinum crispum continued Culture: Parsley seed germinates very slowly, requiring 3–4 weeks, and so is best Southern Giant Curled OG started indoors. It can be sown directly outside in early spring before weeds are grow- ® 6 (B. juncea) 45 days. ing fast: sow seeds ¼ in. deep, and thin to 6–12 in. Keep well watered. Soaking seed [Pre-1880.] An old Southern in water for 24 hours will speed germination. Mark location with radish seed. (Fast favorite. Leaves are large, germination procedure: Plant seed in a small flat of soil or planting medium. Place Southern bright green, with attractively flat in a zip-lock bag, and freeze for 12–24 hours. Remove from freezer and keep Giant Curled curled leaf edges. This variety moist until seed begins to germinate.) Pests: Voles can eat parsley roots. We often do is used for late sowings, has a 2nd planting in late summer to replace any plants lost to voles. Seed Savers: Isolate cold tolerance, and good by a minimum of ¼ mile for home use. For pure seed bolting resistance. #27103 isolate by ½ to 1 mile. Packet: 2 g (appox. 900–1350 Pkt $2.50; #27103E (28 g) seeds, depending on variety) sows 35–70 ft. $6.25 Dark Green Tatsoi ® (B. rapa narino- OG talian ® 6 sa) 43 days. Rosettes of thick, I OG dark green, oval-shaped leaves (Plain Leaf) (var. with mild mustard flavor. neapolitanum) 78 The most cold-hardy (22°F) days. [Introduced by 1807.] Plain in ap- Tatsoi commonly available mustard. Very attractive, good for all pearance but fancy in taste, Moss Curled seasons, and long-lasting. this celery-leaf parsley is Excellent for stir-fry or salads. the best-flavored variety. Moss Curled OG ® 6 #22601 Pkt $2.75 Excellent for dried pars- Dark Green 70–85 days. [Pre-1865.] ley. Good greenhouse Italian Vigorous, high-yielding, New! Yukina Savoy (B. rapa variety, as aphid and very uniform. Dark pekinensis) Dark green, highly control is easier due green leaves are so thick- savoyed, spoon-shaped leaves, to its wide straight ly curled that this parsley like a larger version of Tatsoi, leaves. Less cold-hardy resembles moss. #37103 with stems similar to Pak than curly types. #37101 Pkt Pkt $2.50; #37103E Choi. Pleasant, mild flavor, $2.50; #37101E (28 g) $5.50 (28 g) $5.50 and good heat tolerance. Yukina Savoy Yukina Savoy #27113 $2.75 Swiss Chard Beta vulgaris var. cicla Spinach Spinacea oleracea For “Summer Spinach,” see page 23. A few plants of Swiss chard will provide a large Culture: Spinach does well with a combination of cool weather, short days, high soil fertility, ample supply of greens throughout the spring, summer, water, and neutral pH (6.5–7.5). Sprinkle some limestone in the row as you plant if you think the soil and fall. Can withstand light frosts; mulching is too acidic. Sow seed ½ in. deep directly into the garden as soon as the ground can be worked, and around plants may help plants overwinter in thin to 4–6 in. apart in rows 8–10 in. apart. Succession plantings can be made every 2 weeks. Tem- areas with mild winters. Planted from early to peratures above 60°F for the first 6 weeks of growth may increase the tendency to bolt. Mulch the soil late spring, or again in the fall. Culture: Sow to reduce bolting by keeping the roots cool. As spring heats up plants get smaller and less sweet and seeds ½ to 3/4 in. deep and thin to 12–16 in. bolt faster. Fall Planting: High summer temperatures can kill small seedlings, so wait until a month apart. Harvest: Clip off leaves near the base of before first fall frost to sow. Fall plantings give a more sustained harvest than spring plantings. Spinach the plant. Cooking: Excellent when stir-fried, or grown in frosty weather has the largest and sweetest leaves. Some varieties tolerate 0°F and over-winter used in creamed soups or quiche. Freezes well. to produce excellent spring crops. Pests: For fall crops, sow seed 2–3 times as thick to help spinach Greenhouse Notes: Swiss chard is an ideal plant survive grasshoppers. Seed Savers: Grow only one variety or isolate by ¼ mile for home use. For pure for greenhouses, where it may be grown as a seed isolate by ½–1 mile. Packet: 5 g (about 475 seeds) sows 40 ft. perennial. Pests: In the Southeast, blister beetles may attack chard in mid-summer. Pick off Long Standing beetles (wear gloves!), or pull up plants and wait Bloomsdale OG to replant for fall. Seed Savers: Isolate varieties S ® 6 42 days. by a minimum of ¼ mile for home use. For pure [Pre-1915.] A ful- seed isolate by ½–1 mile. Will cross readily with ly-savoyed or crin- beets. Packet: 4 g (about 200 seeds) sows 25 ft. kled variety with dark green leaves. Barese ® 25 days for baby Most heat-tolerant Long-Standing Bloomsdale greens/50 days for mature variety we offer, leaves. [Italy] Barese’s white very dependable, stems and glossy green and the most full-flavored variety for salad use. leaves are smaller, sweeter, Has withstood winter lows to 0°F. #67102 Pkt and more tender than Abundant Bloomsdale $2.75; #67102E (28 g) $7.25 typical Swiss chards. Over- wintered well in our 2016 Winter Bloomsdale Abundant Bloomsdale OG S ® 47 days. trials. #32103 Pkt $2.75 Sweet, tender, and bolt-resistant, this new S ® 6 OG Barese variety is bred for organic farmers. Savoyed, dark 47 days. Adapted Lucullus ® 6 50 days. green leaves held on upright stems. Bred by the for late summer and [~1914. Named after the Organic Seed Alliance (OSA) in partnership early fall plantings and Roman general Lucius with organic farmers. Named after the Abun- overwintering. The Lucullus (pronounced dant Life Farm where this breeding project slow-bolting plants are “lu-kyul-us”) who was started in 2002. We give 10% of your purchase resistant to blue mold, renowned for his splendid price to the Organic Seed Alliance to support blight, and mosaic. banquets.] Large, pale their breeding programs. #67107 Pkt $2.75; Dark green, well-sa- green leaves with thick #67107E (28 g) $6.95 voyed leaves. #67103 white stems and heavily Pkt $2.50; #67103E crumpled leaves. #32101 26 Greens (28 g) $7.25 Winter Bloomsdale Pkt $2.50 Lucullus Kohlrabi is grown for its bulbous stem Leeks Allium ampeloprasum Kohlrabi and its leaves which Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes can be eaten raw in Leeks are biennial members of the onion family grown for their delicate onion flavor salads or cooked. in soups and salads. Cultural Notes: Culture of leeks is similar to that of onions, Kohlrabi stores very well when refrigerated. Culture: Grow but leeks are easier to grow. (See Onion cultural notes.) Sow seed indoors in flats kohlrabi in the spring or fall since it does best in cool weather. 6–12 weeks before setting out transplants 2–6 in. apart in rows 18 in. apart. Leeks Sow seed ¼ in. deep to be thinned to 5 in. apart in rows 12 require loose, fertile soil kept well watered through the growing season. Blanch in. apart. See Cabbage section for additional cultural notes. stalks by hilling up soil around the stalks Harvest: When roots are 2 in. in diameter or smaller except as they grow. Packet: 3 g (about 1100 King Richard OG S ® as noted. Solar Greenhouse Notes: Any variety of kohlra- seeds) sows 40 ft. direct-seeded or 120 ft. 75 days. Early-matur- bi does well in the solar greenhouse in the spring, fall, and as transplants. ing leek. Slender and winter. Purple varieties have more flavor, are less susceptible to tall (1 × 12 in.). Best American cracking of the bulb, and are more insect tolerant, but grow for summer and early Flag (Broad more slowly. Insects and Disease: Fairly resistant to insects fall – harvest before London) OG frosts drop below 20°F. and disease. Cabbage worms can be ® King Richard controlled with Bt. Seed Savers: See 130 days. #66402 Pkt $2.95 The standard Broccoli section. Packet: 4 g unless Back! King Sieg OG S stated (about 1275 seeds) sows 135 ft. variety for home gar- ® 84 days. [Stable dens. Stems cross of King Richard arly urple ienna ® 6 American Flag E P V OG 60 average 1½ and Siegfried, from days. [Pre-1860.] More flavorful and × 8–10 in., grower Beth Rathgorshek.] Short, thick slightly larger than White Vienna, and well-blanched from the base upward. shanks (3 x 6 in.) with blue-green leaves. our garden trials have shown it to be Early Purple Vienna Good variety for overwintering, hardy Good variety for overwintering. #66403 slightly more resistant to the cabbage to at least 10°F. #66401 Pkt $2.50 Pkt $2.75; #66403D (14 g) $6.75 worm. #26101 Pkt $2.50; #26101E (28 g) $5.50 Culture: Lettuce is a cool-weather crop that thrives in Gigant Winter ® 6 130 days. [Czecho- the temperature range 60–65°F, and if thoroughly hard- slovakian heirloom reselected by E. M. Me- Lettuce ened, most varieties survive temperatures as low as 20°F. ader at UNH. Introduced 1989 by SESE.] Lactuca sativa Cold-adapted varieties survive even lower temperatures. Excellent for winter storage, and can re- Seed germinates best at about 75°F. Lettuce seed will main in the garden all winter in warmer germinate at temperatures as low as 40oF. Early spring plantings should be made as areas, especially if protected with mulch. Gigant Winter hardened transplants from seed started one month before setting outdoors. Later Typically grows 8–10 in. in diameter, yet plantings can be direct-seeded. Sow seed ¼ in. deep and thin to 10–16 in. apart remains tender. Has grown up to 62 lbs, depending on the variety. Loose-leaf varieties may be planted more closely but good but 15–20 lbs is more normal. Used fresh air circulation should be maintained around the plants. Soil should be cool and moist or cooked at any size from small to large. Leaves during germination. Germination Notes: At temperature over 80°F lettuce will often fail to germinate. of large plants can be eaten like kale. Resistant Lettuce can be planted during hot weather if the seeds are germinated in the refrigerator for 4–6 days. to root maggots. #26201 Pkt $2.95 Another method is to soak seed in 10% bleach for 2 hours at 40–60°F followed by 4 water rinses. This enhances germination speed and quality. One more method is to keep soil cool with burlap or boards; remove cover promptly after germination (3–4 days) to keep grasshoppers and other pests from Perpetual Spinach ® 6 enjoying the tender sprouts! Bolt Resistance: Resistance to bolting is highest with loose-leaf lettuce, (Leaf Beet Chard) 55 days followed in order by romaine, butterhead, bibb, and crisphead. Lettuce bolts more readily if exposed to [European heirloom, 1869.] temperatures below 50°F during the 2- to 3-leaf stage (the first 3 weeks after germination). Thus, early Smooth dark green leaves spring lettuce is best started indoors and transplanted out at least with slender stalks, milder 3 weeks after sowing. Before the days become hot, mulch the than other chards. Produces plants to keep the root temperature cool. In deep summer heat tasty greens all summer Perpetual Spinach it’s difficult to mature quality lettuce – heads become smaller and late into the fall. An and less sweet – at that time of year, cucumber and tomato excellent no-fuss warm salads are the easiest! Harvest and Flavor Notes: The glucose weather substitute for spinach in the content of lettuce harvested in the morning may be 2½ times Southeast. (It won’t be as sweet as greater than lettuce harvested in the early afternoon. For best spinach grown in cool weather, quality and maximum sweetness harvest by 7–8 a.m., especially Rainbow but still, we’re glad to have in summer. Greenhouse Note: Use heat-tolerant loose leaf this one around for summer or bibb types. Insect Pests and Diseases: In the greenhouse, #32301 Pkt $2.75 greens!) control aphids by means of ladybugs, sticky yellow traps or by Wild Garden insecticidal soap. Maintain good air circulation around plants to Rainbow OG ® (Five Color Lettuce Mix Silverbeet) reduce disease. Maturity Dates: Dates are from direct seeding. 60 days. Originally Seed Savers: from Australia, a multicolored Subtract 15–20 days for dates from transplanting. Lettuce Mix rainbow of plants in shades of Isolate varieties by a minimum of 12 ft. for home use. For pure seed isolate varieties a minimum of 25–50 ft. Packet: 0.5 g Wild Garden Lettuce Mix OG S red, orange, pink, yellow, and ® creamy white. #32951 Pkt $2.75 unless stated (about 400–625 seeds, depending on variety) sows More than 60 different varieties 30 ft. direct-seeded or 175 ft. as transplants. of lettuce from Wild Garden Seeds Ruby Red OG ® (Rhubarb – a huge variety of colors, shapes, Chard) 55 days. A beauti- Extend Your Lettuce Season: Begin lettuce production sizes, and textures, all together ful addition to any garden, early and keep it going later in the season by covering in one packet! Instant diversity worth growing for the color plants with a row cover blanket (p. 80). Extend your for salad mixes or for gardeners alone. Foliage is dark green harvest into early summer with this technique: plant tall wanting to try it all. #62951 Pkt on ruby red stalks. More vegetables in east-west rows and plant heat-resistant lettuce $2.75; #62951C (7 g) $6.25 frost-tolerant than other in the shade of the north side of the rows. Corn planted in chards, plants are especially rows 4 ft. apart or pole beans on a fence or trellis is ideal. Lettuce continues on striking in cold weath- Interplanting lettuce with bush squash also gives good re- the next page. er. #32102 Pkt $2.50; sults. Mulch the lettuce well, keep well watered, and enjoy! Ruby Red #32102E (28 g) $5.50 Greens, Kohlrabi, ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Leeks, Lettuce 27 Crawford OG S ® 6 57 days. [TX heirloom, Susan’s Red Bibb OG S 660 Bibb (Butterhead) Lettuce brought from OK by Marshall Crawford’s family.] days. The most attractive va- Bibb lettuce is more tolerant of hot weather than A Texas favorite, famous for fast growth, great riety in our heirloom lettuce crisphead lettuce. It is best for cooler regions, with flavor, and heat resistance. Green bibb, slightly trials. Ruffled, bitter-free some notable exceptions. Intermediate in nutri- savoyed, with some red/brown on the leaf edges. red bibb has large tender tional value, it has small loose green heads with In Texas it’s planted in the fall and winter. Here leaves with rosy-red margins. blanched yellow interiors and thin, soft-textured leaves. in Virginia, spring planted crops hold up well in Color is beautiful in salads. summer heat. #62710 Pkt $2.50; #62710C (7 #62306 Pkt $2.50 Susan’s Red Bibb Buttercrunch OG ® 55 g) $5.50; #62710E (28 g) $16.25 days. [1963, AAS win- Tom Thumb OG 6 48 days. ner.] A reliable variety Schweitzer’s Mescher Bibb [Pre-1850.] Space-saving minia- for garden, market, and OG S 650 days. [1700s. Intro- ture butterhead. Apple-sized greenhouse use. Dark duced 1986 by SESE. Brought to head can be used whole in green leaves and compact the U.S. from Austria in the early individual salads. Tender heads. Holds well under 1900s and since maintained as leaves are medium-green heat and stress, good bolt a Schweitzer family heirloom.] and crumpled. Popular in resistance. #62302 Pkt Best grown in cool weather, Schweitzer’s some restaurants. #62307 $2.50; #62302C (7 g) forms small tight crisp heads Mescher Pkt $2.50 $5.50 of green leaves ringed with red. Tom Thumb Buttercrunch Excellent flavor and appear- Yugoslavian Red utterhead 6 ance. #62305 Pkt $2.50 B OG S 58 Capitan OG S ® 62 days. [Heirloom from a days. This Dutch variety Speckled Bibb OG peasant family in Marburg, was judged the best S ® 6 43 days. A Yugoslavia (now Slovenia). Boston-type lettuce in the great-tasting lettuce Introduced 1987 by SESE.] 1983 Rodale Research for any season. Holds Red-tinged leaves form Center trials. Excellent longer in the heat heads 10 in. across. The heat and cold tolerance than Slobolt or interior leaves are quite plus resistance to lettuce Buttercrunch, yet still pretty: creamy yellow-green mosaic virus. 5 oz loose, grows quickly in cool dappled with red. Succu- Capitan light green heads. Nice weather. Attractive Speckled Bibb lent with a buttery flavor. Yugoslavian Red buttery flavor. Rec- light green leaves #62308 Pkt $2.50 ommended with consistent high praise from are spotted with red dots. Crispy heads often our customers, one of our personal favorites. self-blanch in the center. #62309 Pkt $2.50; Outredgeous OG S ® 64 #62303 Pkt $2.50; #62303C (7 g) $5.50 #62309C (7 g) $5.50 days. [Bred by Frank Morton of Wild Garden Seed.] Intensely dark red, slightly ruffled leaves Romaine (Cos) Lettuce form loose heads. Chosen by Romaine lettuce produces upright, elongated tall heads with thick succulent ribs NASA for space farming – and distinctively flavored long thick crinkled leaves. Moderately tolerant of heat and shade, in Aug. 2015, Outredgeous romaine does best in a loose fertile soil, and is the most nutritious type of lettuce. became the first vegetable to be grown and eaten on the International Space Station! Outredgeous Cosmo OG S ® Jericho OG S ® 60 55 days. 12 in. days. [Israeli introduc- #62709 Pkt $2.50 tall heads have tion.] Bred for desert Parris Island Cos OG ® 68 days. vibrant green, heat, Jericho thrives in [1952, named after Parris Island, broad, savoyed our hot summers. The SC.] Parris Island Cos has steadily leaves that are tall (24 in.), heavy, light- gained in popularity since its crisp and sweet. green heads retain their introduction. It has resistance to Stays bitter-free sweetness even when tipburn, tolerance to mosaic, and longer than many other lettuces have gone is medium-to-slow-bolting. 10–12 other varieties. bitter. Good tipburn Jericho in. heads of slightly savoyed leaves One of our favor- resistance, A favor- with a creamy white heart. #62702 Parris Island Cos ites. #62701 Pkt ite among market growers. #62706 Pkt $2.50; Pkt $2.50; #62702C (7 g) $5.50 Cosmo $2.50; #62701C #62706C (7 g) $5.75; #62706E (28 g) $15.25 (7 g) $5.50 Rouge d’Hiver (Red Winter) OG Kalura OG S ® 57 days. ® 6 62 days. [French heirloom Forellenschluss OG 6 58 days. This tall, heavy, open ca. 1840.] Red and green leaves Translated as headed romaine has great with deep red tips, forms semi- “Speckled Trout,” flavor. Resists heat and open romaine heads with good this Austrian tip burn almost as well as flavor. Does best in cooler weath- lettuce has gor- Jericho. Pam Dawling, au- er. We’ve had excellent quality geous green leaves thor of Sustainable Market overwintering it under row cover with maroon Farming, praises it for its here in Virginia. #62707 Pkt Rouge d’Hiver markings. Crispy flavor, texture and large $2.50; #62707C (7 g) $5.50 leaves with heads. #62708 Pkt $2.50; Kalura thick midribs. #62708C (7 g) $5.75 Sweet Valentine OG S ® Grows quickly 55 days. Sweetest lettuce we in cold weather Mayan Jaguar OG S 61 days. offer. Heads hold long into but will bolt in The heaviest yielder in our 2017 the heat without bolting. The heat. Holds its Forellenschluss lettuce trials. Crunchy, dark extremely deep-red leaves are excellent flavor green leaves with bold, dark red slightly smaller than other even after it starts splotches. Upright heads reduce cos varieties. #62112 Pkt splashback of soil onto leaves. to bolt. #62705 Pkt $2.50 $2.50; #62112C (7 g) $5.50; Sweet Valentine Attractive pink hearts. Slow to #62112E (28 g) $15.25 bolt. Bred by Frank Morton. 28 Lettuce #62711 Pkt $2.75 Mayan Jaguar www.SouthernExposure.com Crisphead & Batavian Loose-Leaf Lettuce Lettuce Loose-leaf lettuce is a non-heading type of lettuce, second to romaine in nutritional value, and generally Crisphead lettuce is the most popular type, appre- the easiest type for gardeners to grow. As a group it is the most forgiving of poor soil, is generally more ciated for its tightly folded blanched crisp leaves, heat-tolerant, and contains the largest diversity of attractive heirlooms. though it’s less nutritious than other types. Because Black-Seeded Simpson Salad Bowl OG 40 days. it is harder to grow to perfection, we offer varieties 6 that are more adapted for hot regions. Crisphead OG 49 days. [~1850.] [1952. AAS winner.] Large lettuce should be set out early in the season since An old standard and one looseleaf lettuce with long it requires a long cool season. If heads have not of the earliest loose-leaf frilly leaves arranged in a types. Good for early rosette. Tolerant to heat and formed by late spring, shading with cheesecloth or Salad Bowl screening is recommended. spring planting for the tip-burn. One head makes a first lettuce of the season salad. #62502 Pkt $2.50 but quality declines in ® impson lite ® Anuenue OG S heat or late plantings. Still S E OG S 48 days. [1993] Holds 50 days. [1987, U. a popular variety. #62102 up to 30 days longer than ‘Black-Seeded Simp- of Hawaii. Anu- Pkt $2.50; #62102C (7 Black-Seeded son’ without bolting and with less tendency enue is Hawaiian g) $5.50 Simpson to develop bitterness later in the season. An for “rainbow” (pro- excellent variety that for years was only available nounced “ah-nu- Bronze Arrow OG S 6 60 through a Monsanto subsidiary, but now back ee-nu-ee”).] Seed is days. [California Heir- in the public domain! #62108 Pkt $2.50; able to germinate Anuenue loom.] Very attractive large #62108C (7 g) $5.50 at higher soil oakleaf-shaped leaves with Slo-Bolt ® temperatures (above 80°F). Resembles a cri- a reddish-brown tips. High OG S 48 days. [1946.] “Grand sphead lettuce with bright glossy green leaves. yields, cut and come again, Rapids” type with good heat tolerance. Excellent slow to bolt, delicious flavor. choice for Southern gardens or greenhouse use. Heat-tolerant and bolt-resistant. Recommend- #62109 Pkt ed for all lettuce growing seasons. #62506 Pkt #62803 Pkt $2.50 Bronze Arrow Leaves are bright green and ruffled. $2.50; #62506C (7 $2.50 g) $5.50 Deer Tongue OG S ® ® 6 (Matchless) Sword Leaf OG S (Yu Mai Tsai) 53 days. Loma OG S ® 49 54 days. Upright, days. Small, dense loose heads with [Taiwanese.] This unusual heads with good heat excellent sweet lettuce has a robust, resistance. The crisp, flavor and crisp distinctive flavor with crunchy leaves are ap- texture. Has slightly hints of almond and clove. ple green and frilly. A savoyed, triangular, Uniquely long, thin, favorite of many mar- round-tipped leaves pointed leaves. Sometimes used in cooking as well as ket growers. #62509 Loma with a succulent Sword Leaf Pkt $2.50; #62509C salads. #62114 Pkt $2.50; mid-rib. Moderate Deer Tongue (7 g) $5.75 bolt resistance. One #62114C (7 g) $5.50; of our favorites. #62114E (28 g) $11.50 Pablo Batavian S OG #62103 Pkt $2.50; #62103C (7 g) $5.50 Thai Oakleaf ® ® 60 days. Wine-red OG S 39 days. [Introduced 1988 by lettuce with hints of Drunken Woman OG SESE from a Thai breeding deep green, beautiful as S 55 days. Gorgeous an ornamental. Loose bright green leaves with program.] Selected to heads, sweet flavor. ruffled – almost fringed produce excellent quality #62111 Pkt $2.50 Pablo Batavian – edges in deep bronze. lettuce under high heat. A favorite of hydroponics ® Crisp texture, very beau- Sierra OG S 54 tiful with sweet taste. growers. Resembles Oak- days. Open-headed leaf, but with larger, more Slow to bolt. #62801 Thai Oakleaf batavian crisphead Pkt $2.50; #62801C (7 tender, and more upright with excellent resis- g) $5.50; #62801E (28 leaves. Moderately slow tance to bottom rot g) $15.25 Drunken Woman to bolt. Distinctive, almond-like flavor. #62110 and tip-burn. Leaves Pkt $2.50; #62110C (7 g) $5.50 are glossy green with Red Sails OG reddish veins. Grows 45 days. [1985. in open fashion at AAS winner.] first, forming a com- Early producer. Buttercos pact head at maturi- Slow to develop ty. Very tasty, crisp, bitterness when Lettuce and juicy. Holds well compared to Buttercos lettuce has under high heat. red varieties, the characteristics #62503 Pkt $2.50; Sierra but average of both bibb and #62503C (7 g) compared to romaine. $5.50 green ones. Red Sails Crinkled leaves; Winter Density Tennis Ball ® 6 55 OG maroon-red color intensifies as leaves mature. OG S ® 58 days. days. [Pre-1804. Grown #62107 Pkt $2.50; #62107C (7 g) $5.50 [English.] 8 in. by Jefferson at Monticello.] heads are compact, Winter Density Red Salad Bowl ® Medium-sized Boston-type OG 55 days. Big, beau- dense, and upright. heads with light green tiful, wine-red leaves, like Salad Bowl only #62301 Pkt $2.50; A high-quality lettuce with excellent cold toler- leaves, yellow-green at the red. Excellent fall variety. ance. Does well for us in greenhouse or garden. base. Black-seeded. Best #62301C (7 g) $5.50 #62802 Pkt $2.50; #62802C (7 g) $5.50 grown as a spring lettuce. Tennis Ball #62505 Pkt $2.50

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Lettuce 29 Lion’s Mane S ® Reishi S ® Mushrooms (Hericium erinaceus) (Ganoderma lu- Mushroom plug spawn is shipped 1-4 weeks after Distinctive flavor and cidum) Known you place your order, directly from Sharondale texture reminiscent of as the Chinese Farm, where it is grown. U.S. shipping addresses seafood. One of the Mushroom of only. We cannot apply priority shipping and more exotic-looking Immortality handling to mushrooms. mushrooms, yet native because it’s an excellent Culture: to Virginia forests. Using mushroom Fruits in the summer Lion’s Mane immune Reishi plug spawn is easy. It can on hardwood logs, modulator be hammered into logs for including Oak, Maple, Walnut and even that and helps your body adapt to environmental growing many woodland pesky opportunist Ailanthus (Tree of Heaven). challenges. These powerful medicinal proper- mushrooms. Logs cut from Also goes by Pom Pom, Bearded Hedgehog, ties are best extracted from Reishi by grinding healthy live dormant trees and Monkey’s Face. #75103A (100 plugs) the fruiting bodies, then decocting in water or work best. Cut 3 to 8 inch $17.00; #75103B (500 plugs) $51.00 tincturing in alcohol. #75104A (100 plugs) wide logs to manageable $17.00; #75104B (500 plugs) $51.00 lengths. Drill 5/16 in. holes JD Pearl Oyster about 1¼ in. deep in a dia- S ® (Pleurotus ost- Shiitake S ® mond pattern into the log. reatus) Native Pearl (Lentinula edodes) Space holes about 6-8 in. Oyster strain named Known for excellent along the length of the log after a farmer who flavor and medicinal and about 1.5-2 in. around collected it in Vir- qualities. Earthy, the diameter. Hammer ginia. Well-adapted hearty, and rich, mushroom spawn plugs into to Central Virginia’s they pair well with the holes and cover holes climate, and has other vegetables, in with wax. Select a shady, Shiitake logs also been grow suc- soups or sauces, or humid spot. Place oyster, cessfully throughout substituted for meat. reishi, and lion’s mane logs directly on the ground the southeastern Our naturalized where they will not dry out. You can push mulch and northeastern strain “Cismont” against the logs about half the diameter deep to US. This mushroom JD Pearl Oyster was collected on the farm and help retain moisture. Place shiitake logs slightly grows into beautiful Shiitake above the ground, so the bark is not damaged or creamy colored clusters on Tulip Poplar (Lirio- produces excellent rotted. Maintaining log moisture is the most im- dendron tulipifera) and Tree of Heaven (Ailan- mushrooms on oak, portant job for the next 6-12 months. Water if the thus altissima) logs. #75102A (100 plugs) sweetgum, and other hardwoods. #75101A weather is dry for extended periods. Seal and store $17.00; #75102B (500 plugs) $51.00 (100 plugs) $17.00; #75101B (500 unused plugs for a few weeks in the refrigerator. plugs) $51.00

® Cucumis melo var. reticulatus Delicious 51 PMR OG S (Or- Muskmelon (Cantaloupe) ange flesh) 77 days. [Developed by Dr. Muskmelons include green-fleshed and orange-fleshed melons, and are often confused with Munger at Cornell as an early strain of cantaloupes. Noir des Carmes is the only true cantaloupe we carry. Culture: Melons require a Bender’s Surprise.] Creamy orange flesh loose, warm, sandy loam of pH 7 to reach their full potential. They will not thrive on soil is sweet and juicy, very flavorful. 2–3 below pH 6, nor will they thrive in peat, muck, or heavy clay soil. An even supply of water is lb. fruits are lightly netted and slight- necessary through pollination and early fruit-set, and the soil should be well supplied with ly ribbed. Pick on full slip. Tolerant nutrient-rich compost. Seed Watering Notes: See Cucumbers section. Direct Seeding: Once to Fusarium wilt (race 1). #52101 soil temperature averages 70°F sow seeds ½–3/4 in. deep, 1–2 in. apart, in rows 5–6 ft. apart, Pkt $2.75; #52101D (14 g) $6.50 thinning to 12–18 in. apart. Transplanting: See Cucumbers section. Harvest: When ripe, Eden Gem OG ® 6 (Rocky Ford) most varieties of melon slip from the vine in response to thumb pressure at the base of the Delicious 51 stem. Ripe melons also develop a sweet aroma. Flavor: Flavor development begins in the last (Green-orange flesh) 89 days. two weeks before peak ripeness; knowledge of proper harvest time is important. Cool, wet, [1881.] Well known for its fine- cloudy conditions may cause melons to lose flavor. Diseases: Controlling or preventing disease grained texture and sweet flesh. 4–6 is not a problem in every area or in every year, but if you have problems with diseases it is best in. fruits average 2–3 lbs, are heavily to rely on disease-resistant or -tolerant varieties. Insect Pests: See Cucumbers section. Animal netted and slightly ribbed. Highly Pests: Raccoons, groundhogs, and other critters love melons. Fence off melons, or buy a resistant to rust, holds well, suited supermarket melon and set out a trap in the melon patch before the main crop is ready in for garden or market. #52109 Pkt order to catch or relocate any critters. Greenhouse Notes: Mildew tolerance is important and $2.50 pollination is necessary for fruit set. Soap sprays can be used to control mealybugs, whiteflies, Edisto 47 OG S ® (Salmon-or- Eden Gem and aphids, but foliage of the squash and melon family may be injured by soap. Test the spray ange flesh) 88 days. [1965, Clemson/ on a few leaves before spraying the entire plant. Seed Savers: Isolate melons by a minimum of AES.] Exceeds disease 1/8 mile for home use, or ½ to 1 mile for pure seed. Packet: 2 g unless otherwise stated (about resistance of many hybrid 50–90 seeds, depending on variety) sows 25–50 ft. cantaloupes. Has resistance to Alternaria leaf spot, pow- Anne Arundel OG S ® 6 (Green dery mildew, and downy mildew. Well adapted to flesh) 80 days. [Grown in Anne the Mid-Atlantic region and hot, humid areas. The Arundel County, MD, as early as most downy mildew resistant and productive of 38 1731.] The green outer flesh turns melon varieties trialed by Twin Oaks Seeds in 2013. pale orange in the center. Large (4-9 Rind is netted, fruits are round-oval, about 6–7 lb.) oval, slightly ridged, coarsely in. in diameter. Keeps well. Pick on full slip. Sweet netted melons. The skin turns gold- fruits, even in cool, wet years. Melon grower Ed- en yellow when ripe. Very produc- mund Frost’s favorite! Seed grown and stewarded tive. #52120 Pkt $2.75; #52120D by Twin Oaks Seed Farm in Louisa, VA. #52102 Anne Arundel (14 g) $6.50 Pkt $2.75; #52102D (14 g) $6.50 Edisto 47

30 Mushrooms, Muskmelon www.SouthernExposure.com Golden Jenny Plum Granny 6 (Queen S (Orange flesh) Anne Pocket Melon) 85 days. [1997, (White flesh) 75 days. [Ap- developed by Merlyn palachian Heirloom.] Small Niedens.] Retains tennis ball sized fruit – so many characteristics fragrant 2 or 3 can make a of Jenny Lind but whole room smell like mel- is more vigorous, ons, however taste is bland. compact, produc- Noir des Carmes Very prolifc, best grown Plum Granny tive, and fruits with trellising or support, have better insect Noir des Carmes OG S ® 6 (Orange Flesh) fruit is yellow with maroon resistance. Merlyn’s Golden Jenny 76 days. [Pre-1787, named for the Carmelite stripes. #52103 Pkt (0.5 g, ~48 seeds) $2.50 plants produced monks in France who grew it.] A wonderfully over 40 fruits from just 2 hills in one of his aromatic true cantaloupe with sweet flavor. Sleeping Beauty gardens in Illinois. Fruits weigh up to 3/4 lb and The 2–3 lb ribbed fruits have a helpful ripeness OG S (Orange have a sweet orange flesh. indicator: over 24–48 hours the greenish-black flesh) 85 days. #52105 Pkt $2.50 rinds suddenly turn yellow and green, signalling [1997. Bred by their readiness! #52123 Pkt $2.75; #52123D Merlyn Niedens.] Hales Best OG ® 6 (14 g) $6.75 Classic melon (Orange flesh) 86 days. flavor from sweet [1924.] Sweet, juicy, 3–5 Old Time Ten- orange fruits on lb. oval fruits, one of nessee OG S ® compact vines, the favorites at the Twin 6 (Salmon flesh) good for small Oaks 2012 Melon Trials. 95 days. Large, gardens. ‘Sleep- Netted and moderately oval-shaped fruits, ing Beauty’ refers ribbed. Very vigor- 12–16 in. long, av- to the tendency ous, drought-resistant Hales Best erage 12 lbs! Must of the fruits to plants; powdery mildew be harvested at peak nestle together in Sleeping Beauty resistant. #52104 Pkt ripeness (before full Old Time Tennessee groups. The 1½ $2.50 slip) and not a good lb. round, ribbed fruits are light green before keeper, but flavor can be outstanding. Some ripening. #52112 Pkt $2.75 Ice Cream OG S ® gardeners say there is no better melon if you (Green Machine) harvest at the right time. One gardener reports Sweet Passion (Green flesh) 79 days. that the melons are so fragrant he can find them S 6(Orange [1998. Bred by Meryln in the dark! Good downy mildew resistance. flesh) 85 days. Niedens, cross between #52107 Pkt $2.75 [1920s Ohio ‘Jenny Lind’ and heirloom.] ‘Kansas.’] Melons make Piel De Sapo Merlyn Niedens a perfect bowl for a S ® 6 passed along scoop of ice cream. (Toadskin) a local legend Sweet 2 lb fruits on (White-yellow with these seeds: compact vines, fruits flesh) 100 “Eating the ripe slip the vine when ripe. days. [Spanish melon straight Also known as “Green heirloom.] from the garden Machine” for the large Unique on a moonlit Sweet Passion number of melons it storage melon Piel de Sapo night produces a makes! #52113 Pkt Ice Cream with mottled state of passion.” Drought-resistant with some $2.75 dark-green and yellow skin like a toad’s (hence wilt tolerance, moderately vining. 3–5 lb. oval “Toadskin”). The 5–7 lb. aromatic, sweet fruits melons, slightly ribbed, with sweet, juicy orange Kansas ® OG S with firm rinds store for several months. Include flesh and small seed cavities. #52114 Pkt $2.75 6 (Orange flesh) this variety in late melon plantings, then store in 90 days. Outstand- a cool place and enjoy as a winter treat. #52119 ing features include Pkt $2.50 sweet flavor, fine texture, high Pike OG S ® production, and 6 (Orange hardiness. Ridged, flesh) 85 days oval-shaped fruits [1935, Aaron are moderately Pike of Pike & netted and average Young Seeds; 4 lbs. Has good seedstock sup- resistance to sap plied by Aaron beetles that destroy Pike’s niece.] fruit of other Outstanding varieties. flavor; a local Trifecta #52106 Pkt $2.75 Kansas favorite, for many this is the Trifecta OG S ® (Orange flesh) 83 days. [Mi- Missouri Gold S ® 6 (Orange flesh) 85 days only muskmel- Pike chael Mazourek, Cornell U.] A great new melon. [Missouri family heirloom, 1840.] Sweet fruits are on they’ll grow. Sweet and productive, good-looking fruits slightly ribbed, weigh 3–5 lbs. Harvest before Bred specially with firm flesh. Good keeper. Bred for downy full slip, when rind first turns tan. This is a for growing in unirrigated clay soil. Produces 3 mildew resistance and striped cucumber beetle healthy rugged variety with fruit set spaced over lb fruits on unirrigated clay, 7 lb fruits on good resistance. One of the best in Twin Oaks Seeds’ many weeks even in the drought of 2007. Good irrigated soil. Heavily netted, oblong fruits. 2013 and 2014 downy mildew resistance trials. downy mildew resistance. #52115 Pkt $2.75 Vigorous, high-yielding, disease-resistant plants. #52122 Pkt $2.75; #52122D (14 g) $6.75 #52108 Pkt $2.75; #52108D (14 g) $6.50

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Muskmelon 31 Choppee OG S ® 6 69 Okra Abelmoschus esculentus days. [~1850, from the History: Okra originated in NE Africa and reportedly grows wild in the upper watershed of the Jacobs family of Georgetown, Nile. It was brought to the U.S. in the late 1660s by way of the slave trade or via Europe. [“Okra” is SC. Named for the Choppee derived from “nkru” in the Ashanti language of West Africa, while “gumbo” is derived from “ngom- Indians native to the area.] bo” in the Bantu language of southern Africa.] Folk Uses: The dried pods of okra are used in flower High-yielding, 6 ft. plants. arrangements; the roasted seeds serve as a coffee substitute; the juice has been used to stop bleeding Slim, tender pods, great and to clean metal; the stem fibers have been used to make rough cloth or cordage. The raw pods of flavor, almost as spineless as okra can be applied to the forehead or nose to make a quick Hallowe’en mask. Culture: Okra does Clemson Spineless. #69116 Choppee best on a fertile, loamy soil with lots of added humus. Excess nitrogen will favor leaf production at Pkt $2.50 the expense of pod production. Start seed in pots 2–3 weeks before transplanting outside, or plant Clemson Spineless directly in the garden once the soil temperature averages 65°F (3–4 weeks after last frost). Sow seed OG ® 6 56 days. 3/4–1 in. deep and thin to 18 in. apart in rows 5–6 ft. apart. Seed may be slow to germinate, especially [1939, Clemson/ for older heirloom varieties (Alabama Red, Choppee, Stewart Zeebest, etc). To speed germination, SC. AAS winner.] soak seed overnight in water, or abrade the seed lightly with sandpaper to break down the hard seed 4–7 ft. plants with coat. Pest and Disease Notes: Observe 4-year rotation for okra, cotton, and roselle (hibiscus). Old few side-branches. varieties of okra tend to have deeper root systems and are more tolerant of root-knot nematode. Okra Ribbed pods (1¼ grown in rich, moist soil gives the best and longest resistance to nematodes. In years of high grass- × 8 in.), harvest hopper numbers, grasshoppers may eat lower leaves of plants. Harvest: Harvest pods when 2–4 in. when pods are long except as noted; pod tenderness varies over the course of the season. We recommend snipping 3 in. or smaller. off the pods using hand pruners; young pods also can often be snapped off by hand. Wear long-sleeve Spineless charac- Clemson Spineless shirts to harvest – leaves of most varieties irritate the skin of all but a few lucky humans. Seed Savers: teristic makes this Isolate varieties by 1/8 mile for home use, or ¼ to ½ mile or greater for pure seed. Packet: 4 g (about popular variety easy to pick. #69103 Pkt $2.50; 64-86 seeds, depending on variety) sows 31-52 ft. #69103E (28 g) $5.50 ® Cow Horn ® 6 55 Alabama Red S 6 50 Burgundy OG 50 days. OG days. [Alabama heirloom.] [1988, AAS winner.] days. [Pre-1865.] Impres- 5–7 ft. tall plants produce Stems, leaf veins, and sive 7–8 ft. plants with abundant fat, 4 in. red- pods are deep red-ma- many side branches. Large, and-green pods. Stems roon. 4–6 ft. plants. 5/8 curved 8–14 in. pods, best and leaf veins are also in. wide spineless pods quality when picked at 5–6 red. This okra is delicious up to 10 in. long, tender- in. Dependable produc- fried, and adds color and est at 7 in. or less. Other er. #69110 Pkt $2.50; unique flavor added to sal- red okras bear longer and #69110E (28 g) $5.50 Cow Horn #69112 ads when young. handle disease better but Evertender ® 50 Pkt $2.50; #69112E (28 Alabama Red OG S Burgundy is earlier and Burgundy days. Spineless variety g) $6.25 fine tasting. #69101 Pkt from India averages 5½ Beck’s Big $2.50 ft. tall. Pods up to 8 in. ® long, pods remain tender Buck OG S Burmese OG S 6 (Snapping ® 6 53 days. for a long period. The Okra) 57 days. [Burmese heirloom, Kerr Center named it the [German heir- seedstock courtesy easiest variety to harvest loom from Mal- Hap Heilman. Now (thanks to unbranched com Beck of San a favorite in some plants) in their trial of Antonio, TX.] local restaurants.] 30 heirloom varieties. Vigorous 7–8 ft. #69104 Pkt $2.50; Bears when plants Evertender plants produce are 18 in. tall and #69104E (28 g) $6.50 an abundance continues to bear Burmese Fife Creek Cow Horn OG of large, fat, until frost. Huge S ® 6 50 days [Kentucky tender, fluted leaves, typically 16 heirloom given to the Fife pods. Young Beck’s Big Buck in. across. 9–12 in. slender pods are curved and family by an elderly Creek pods (3 in. or virtually spineless. Pods mature from light green woman over 100 years ago.] less) easily snap to creamy yellow-green. At 10 in. long they are 8 in. light green pods even off the plant when ready to harvest. #69120 Pkt tender, sweet, and spineless enough to be eaten more curved than Cow $2.50; #69120E (28 g) $6.50 raw or added to salads. Pods are less gooey than Horn, this okra keeps stays Bowling Red other okra. #69109 Pkt $2.50 tender longer than most OG S ® 6 57 Cajun Jewel open-pollinatd varieties. OG Fife Creek days. [Grown by S ® 6 53 days. High yielding, 5–6 ft. the Bowling family [Introduced 1989 plants. #69114 Pkt $2.50 of Virginia since by SESE. Local Gold Coast S ® the 1920s.] Early, favorite in Cajun 50 days. [1960, Louisiana productive, and country since the AES.] Sweet, mild, spineless beautiful – one of 1950s.] Dwarf- light-green pods up to 6 the best okras in type, 2½–4 ft. tall in. long. 5–6 ft. plants are the Kerr Center’s spineless plants well-branched with an open trial of 30 heirloom produce an early growth habit. Thanks to its varieties. Long, crop of tender well-developed root system, slim, tender red Bowling Red 1 in. diameter has good drought and heat pods. 7–8 ft. plants pods up to 8 in. tolerance, as well as toler- have red stems and long. Good flavor. ance of root-knot nema- red-veined leaves. #69125 Pkt $2.50; #69125E Widely adapted. todes. #69105 Pkt $2.50; (28 g) $6.50 #69102 Pkt #69105E (28 g) $6.25 Gold Coast $2.50; #69102E Cajun Jewel 32 Okra (28 g) $6.50 www.SouthernExposure.com Lee OG S ® 54 days. [1978, U. of Arkansas.] White Velvet S Compact, 3–5 ft. plants make this a great okra for ® 6 65 days. container gardens and for gardeners with limited [Family heirloom space! Good flavor, harvest the spineless pods at of Cheryl and 4–6 in. for best flavor. #69117 Pkt $2.50 Garey Hughes, collected by Garey’s great-uncle in Warrior, Alabama in the 1930s. In- troduced 2011 by SESE.] Smooth White Velvet pods remain ten- der up to 8 in. long. Vigorous 10 ft. plants are spineless for easy picking. #69124 Pkt $2.50

Hill Country Heirloom Red Shows Parsnips Pastinaca sativa Hill Country Heirloom Red OG S ® 6 64 days. [Texas Heirloom.] Very colorful red This hardy root vegetable develops a sweet, hows ® 6 and green 6 ft. plants. 6 in. long, thick, green S OG S 58 days. [Mississippi family nut-like flavor after it has been heavily frosted. pods with reddish tips and ribs and great flavor. heirloom, named for the Shows family. Seed sent to Parsnips were once a common vegetable at the Drought tolerant, produces exceptionally well us by the late Texana McFarland, who at the time dinner table and they deserve to come back in when picked small, perfect for pickled okra. was 98 and still gardening! Introduced 2017 by style. In the 1800s parsnips were often used to #69111 Pkt $2.50; #69111E (28 g) $6.50 SESE.] Great production on 4-5 ft. plants. Flut- make marmalade and wine. Culture: Sow seed ed light green pods, 1¼ in. wide. Tender up to 4 in spring as soon as soil can be worked; sow Jade OG S ® 50 in., the pods can reach 8 in. long. A 2015 okra within a few weeks of last spring frost at latest. days. [Developed trials favorite! #69118 Seeds may take 2–3 weeks to germinate and by U. of Arkan- Pkt $2.50 soil must not dry out. Radishes may be used to sas, introduced prevent soil crusting and to mark the location. by SESE 1991.] Star Of David OG S ® (Old Fashioned) 55 Parsnips are even slower to germinate in hot soil Early maturing, and will be overwhelmed by weeds before they tender-podded, days. [Introduced 1987 by SESE. Seedstock can germinate, so plant early! Plant ½ in. deep high-yielding in raised beds and thin to 4–6 in. each way, or okra. Compared courtesy Caroll D. Gibbs, which he had plant in rows 18 in. apart with plants thinned to Clemson to 4 in. Soil should be well drained and not Spineless, Jade has maintained since 1957.] Pods have a distinctive too rich in nutrients. Harvest: A heavy frost is darker green pods, necessary for full flavor development. Roots may fewer side branch- Jade strong flavor, recom- mended for okra lovers be harvested or left in place during the winter es, higher yields, for use in the spring. For a winter supply place and better ability to mature in late plantings. who would like to try something different. roots horizontally in small boxes filled with 4½ ft. plants. Dark-green pods remain tender to garden soil or sand. Bring a box inside to thaw 5 in. #69106 Pkt $2.50; #69106E $6.25 8–10 ft. plants with few side branches. Easy as needed. Cooking: Boil, fry, or roast. Seed Jimmy T’s OG S ® 6 to harvest 5–7 in. pods, Savers: Isolate varieties by ¼ mile for home use. 50 days. [Kentucky heir- 1¼–2 in. diameter Star of David For pure seed isolate by a minimum of ½ to 1 loom grown by Jimmy T. with medium spines. mile. Packet: 2 g (about 845 seeds) sows 62 ft. Morris since the 1940s.] Harvest pods when small. Highly productive; 5–6 ft. plants produce tolerant of root-knot nematode. #69108 Pkt abundantly when kept $2.50; #69108E (28 g) $6.50; #69108F (¼ lb) well-picked. 7 in. pods $18.50 best when picked 4 in. or less. This excellent variety comes from the Appalachian Heirloom Seed Conservancy. #69113 Pkt $2.50 Jimmy T’s

Harris Model

Harris Model ® 120 days. Sweet, tender, bright white roots, 10–12 in. long, 3½ in. shoul- ders. Long a popular favorite. #38102 Pkt $2.50 Stewart’s Zeebest Hollow Crown OG S ® 6 (Sugar) 105 days. [Pre-1850.] Wedge-shaped roots, 8–12 in. long, Jing Orange Stewart’s Zeebest S ® 6 57 days [Missouri 23/4 in. at the shoulder. Excellent storage variety. City, Texas heirloom, from a Mr. Zeigler and #38101 Pkt $2.75 Jing Orange S ® 62 days. [Asian variety.] George & Mary Stewart.] 7 ft. tall plants produce OG Turga ® 6 Strikingly ornamental, bright red stems. Thinly lots of long, slender, curved green pods without OG S 100 days [Hungarian heir- lobed leaves have red veins as well. 6–7 in. ribs. Stays tender up to 7 in. or longer. #69115 loom.] Flavorful, sweet, 5–7 in. stout parsnips Pkt $2.75; #69115E (28 g) $6.25 with smooth white skin. Short, stout roots are smooth, slim, dark red pods have great flavor. #38104 Pkt $2.75 5–6 ft. tall plants. #69126 Pkt $2.50 good for heavy clay soils.

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Okra, Parsnips 33 Onions (seed) Allium cepa Bunching Onions (seed) Allium fistulosum & Allium cepa Culture: Onions often only have a short window of time to grow before heat and/or lengthening days cause bulbs to stop growing and start drying down. To encourage fast growth, plant large, Bunching onions are perennial onions which healthy seedlings into fertile, weed-free soil as early as soil can be worked. Onions require light, divide at ground level in the same manner as fertile, well-drained soil with lots of organic matter. Maintain soil pH 6–7. Soil that is too acid or multiplier onions. Unlike potato onions they alkaline will cause slow growth and late maturity. Onions are heavy feeders requiring abundant po- do not form large bulbs. The bases of bunching tassium and phosphorous for good bulb formation. Nitrogen should be abundant during the period onions are slightly enlarged, like scallions. Once of active leaf growth. Onions and weeds do not mix. Experiments have shown yield reductions of established, clumps need only be divided period- 4% per day in the presence of weeds, or 50% reduction of yield in 2 weeks. Cultivation should be ically. Culture: See Cultural Notes for Dry Bulb shallow since onion roots are near the soil surface. A layer of organic mulch will help suppress weeds Onions. For easiest weeding, space clumps of 10 and will aid in maintaining moisture and nutrient levels. Onions are hardy to 20°F. Transplanting: seedlings 6–12 in. apart. Bunching onions are Sow seeds indoors, ¼ in. deep in flats in January through mid-March and transplant outdoors 3–4 cold-hardy and may be left in the ground year- in. apart in rows 12–16 in. apart. Do not prune the seedling tops as the harvest will be significant- round where the ground doesn’t freeze. Where ly decreased. To grow the largest bulbs possible, in areas with cold winters onions may be started the ground does freeze, most varieties should ~mid-November: in a cold frame or in the greenhouse, sow a thick batch of seeds, then transplant be transplanted into a greenhouse or cold frame to garden around late February or as soon as soil can be worked. Onion seedlings are hardy to about and moved out again in the spring. Packet: 1 g 20°F. Harvest: When most of the tops have fallen over, pull onions, cure in partial shade for 2–3 (about 450 seeds) sows 25 ft. weeks until necks have thoroughly dried. Clip tops to within 1 in. of the bulb. Breaking over the tops by hand to accelerate harvest harms the keeping quality of some varieties and helps the keeping Deep Purple OG ® 60 quality of other varieties. Pests and Diseases: Practice crop rotation of at least 3 years to control days. A new development pests and diseases. Compost all onion residues. Long Day (LD) and Short Day (SD) Types: LD in bunching onions. This types begin to form bulbs when day length is 14–16 hours. Plant LD types in spring from Virginia reddish-purple variety de- northward. Not all LD types can bulb up as far South as Virginia, but ours can. SD types begin to velops and retains its color form bulbs when day length is 10–12 hours. SD types can be spring or fall-planted in Virginia, and throughout its growth fall-planted in the South. If started in a greenhouse, or started in the fall and kept refrigerated as sets, period and through high SD onions can be grown to small bulbs in the North. Seed Savers: Isolate varieties by a minimum of and low temperatures. 150 ft. For pure seed, cage plants or isolate by ¼–½ mile. Packet: 3 g (about 700 seeds) sows 50 ft. #66503 Pkt $2.95 Deep Purple direct seeded or 245 ft. as transplants. Evergreen Australian Brown Red Wethersfield 6 (long Hardy White ® 6 (intermedi- day) 100 days [Developed by OG ® 60 days. ate to long day) farmers in Wethersfield, CT; This hardy white 100 days [Aus- grown by Jefferson at Monticello.] bunching onion tralian heirloom, Large, flattened globes with deep is highly resis- pre- 1897] Spanish purple-red skin. Fairly firm, tant to freezing type. A wonder- pink-tinged white flesh with red and may be left fully solid, round, concentric circles. Fine pungent in the ground medium-size onion. flavor, a good keeper. #66105 year-round. White, mild flesh Pkt $2.75 Has resistance and thick, deep Australian Brown Red Wethersfield to thrips, smut, amber-brown skin. Texas Early Grano and pink root. ® 6 (short day) This is a first- Great keeper, one of the best for extended storage. Evergreen #66107 Pkt $2.75 [1933, Texas heirloom, class perennial “The Mother of All onion which Hardy White Granex Hybrid ® (short Sweet Onions.”] This needs only day) 80 days. Similar to Vidalia-type onion is occasional division of clumps once established. the Vidalia onion. Bulbs a good choice for the #66501 Pkt $2.75; #66501D (14 g) $6.50 are large, thick, and noted Mid-Atlantic and the for their exceptionally South. Best started White Spear ® sweet flavor. Produces in the fall or winter 60 days. This is high yields and is resistant and transplanted in the largest, most to pink root. Does espe- early spring. Large Texas Early Grano attractive variety of cially well in the Mid-At- top-shaped bulbs, bunching onion. Produces thick lantic and South. Widely Granex Hybrid thin skin, soft white flesh, with sweet mild adapted variety. #66901 flavor. Good resistance to splitting. Short keeper. white, cylindrical Pkt $3.25 #66104 Pkt $2.75 stalks 5–6 in. long, topped by 6 in. of White Spear New York Walla Walla blue-green leaves. Early OG ® 6 Sweet 6 (interme- Less winter-hardy than Evergreen, though (intermediate diate to long day) perennial as far north as USDA zones 4–5. to long day) 110 days. [1890 #66502 Pkt $2.50 98 days. A Italian heirloom via dependable WA state.] This is Yellow of Parma 6 and productive the sweet onion for (Dorata di Parma) (long open-pollinated gardeners in the day) 110 days. [Brought version of Early Mid-Atlantic and to Parma, Italy in 1896 Yellow Globe Northeast who have Walla Walla by a seedsman from nearby maintained by New York Early trouble growing Pavia.] Large white globes commercial short day Vidalia with golden skin, excel- growers in Orange County, New York. The 2½–3 types. These onions are more cold hardy and lent storage variety. One in. bulbs are good for early fresh market sales and can still produce large onions with sweet white of the best in our 2011 suitable for medium term storage. #66106 Pkt succulent flesh in soil enriched with plenty of onion trials. #66110 Pkt Yellow of Parma $3.25; #66106D (14 g) $7.50 compost or other organic matter. Large 4–6 in. $2.75 bulbs with light brown skin and upright necks #66111 Pkt $2.50 34 Onion Seeds that dry down nicely. www.SouthernExposure.com Seasonal Items: Perennial Onions (bulbs) Shipping Surcharges Apply Allium cepa var. aggregatum Shipping Surcharge for Onion Bulbs: $2 for one item, $4 total for any two or more items. Includes all fall shipped items: garlic (pg. 20-21), woodland medicinals (pg. 64), and onion bulbs. Onion Bulbs ship in the fall (September – November, northern-most areas first), but may be pre-ordered at any time. U.S. shipping addresses only. Culture: Multiplier onions are hardy, productive perennials. According to the National Gardening Perennial Onion Sampler Bureau, multiplier onions can produce a larger yield per area than any other vegetable except staked tomatoes. Multiplier onions produce a cluster of bulbs at ground level from a single planted bulb. The larger bulbs are saved for eating, and the medium and small bulbs are stored and replanted. Perennial Onion Sampler Both potato onions and shallots can be grown in pots for forcing green onions during the winter. S ® Excited about getting started with pe- Multiplier onions exist in two horticultural forms: potato onions and shallots. Shallots may be rennial multiplying onions? Let us pick 4 stars distinguished from potato onions by the shape and division pattern of the bulbs. Shallots vary in from our trial gardens to begin your explora- their ability to produce seed, but potato onions rarely produce seed. There are several advantages of tion. 1 oz Egyptian Walking onions, ¼ lb white growing multiplier onions: (1) They are not as readily bothered by the onion fly as are seed onions. shallot, ¼ lb red/brown shallot, and ¼ lb yel- (2) Once you have enough potato onions or shallots you need not buy seeds or sets again. (3) Some low potato onion. Each variety will be labeled. types of multiplier onions are in demand as gourmet items in restaurants. (4) Potato onions and Yields up to 8 lbs in favorable conditions. Also many shallots store well, and can withstand sub- included is SESE’s Garlic and Onion Growing freezing temperatures in every area of the conti- Shallots (bulbs) Allium spp. Guide. #92505 $29.50 nental U.S. when properly planted. Multiplier Onions Starter Package: Multiplier onions are Shallots are planted and harvested in essentially sold by weight rather than bulb count. Bulb size the same manner as potato onions. They have varies according to crop conditions and bulbs a delicate, mild flavor and some varieties are are usually supplied as mixed sizes. Your Starter especially valued in gourmet cooking. Our shallots Package includes a free 4-page growing guide are widely adapted and do not require special day which covers perennial onions and garlic. lengths to yield well. Note: Shallots are shipped only in September and October.

Egyptian Walking Onions French Red Allium cepa var. proliferum Shallot OG ® (A. These hardy perennial onions grow well cepa var. aggregatum) throughout most of North America (zones These shallots have French Red Shallot Yellow Potato 3–9). The onion to plant if you always want reddish-pink bulb Onions onions. The bulbs set bulblets on stalks, and scales and a pale, purple-pink flesh. The size of these air-bound bulblets will sprout new smaller mature bulbs ranges from 1–2 in. in diameter. stalks, which fall over and replant themselves, Note: This should not to be confused with the hence the name Walking. Bulbs can be har- gray French shallot which produces a prolific vested over the fall and winter. Green onions amount of tough-skinned, undersized bulbs in can be harvested selectively as they grow. Plant the middle and southern U.S. latitudes. The them where you intend to have them for a long French Red shallot is more widely adapted and time, as they are quite hardy. They tend not to has superior flavor, though it does not keep yield very much the first year, but after that they as well as other shallots. Valued in gourmet will keep you supplied with onions. Planting cooking and fine restaurants. #66701 Starter Yellow Potato Onion, Heirloom White OG instructions included. Package (bulbs, 8 oz, see shipping info above- S ® 6 (Hill, Mother, Pregnant Onion) [In left) $11.95; #66701A (20 oz) $24.50 1982 SESE reintroduced an heirloom strain dat- Egyptian Walking ing prior to 1790.] Produces onions up to 4 in. Onions S ® 6 (Tree Grey Griselle Shallot ® 6 (A. oschaninii) in diameter under good conditions, and 3 in. in Onions) Small reddish OG S diameter under average conditions. Flavorful, green aerial bulbils that 180 days. [French heir- loom.] Prized by French yet not strong. This has always been a popular fall over and root as they variety with our customers. The Yellow Potato mature “walking” across gourmet chefs, these small, teardrop-shaped onion has good drought resistance, pink root the garden. Green onions, Egyptian Walking resistance, and is widely adapted for diferent edible bulbils and small Onions (1 × 1½ in.) bulbs have a hard, grey skin and tender, growing regions, except Florida and southern in-ground bulbs make for Texas. Especially valued for the keeping quality onions all year once established. #66604 Start- pinkish-white flesh. They Grey Griselle have a distinctive, rich, Shallot of the small and medium-sized bulbs, which er Package (bulbs, 1 oz, see shipping info keep 8–12 months under good conditions. above) $12.95; #66604A (3 ozs) $24.50 earthy smell, and mild, delicious flavor. Grey shallots are considered We’ve kept small bulbs up to 18 months under New! Heirloom White by many to be the only “true shallot.” #66708 ideal conditions. Some old-timers grow this Egyptian Walking On- Starter Package (bulbs, 4 oz, see shipping info heirloom onion exclusively because it provides #66601 Starter ions OG S ® 6 Prolific above-left) $9.95 all the onions they ever need. producers of small sweet Package (bulbs, 8 oz, see shipping info above) white shallot like bulbs Shallots Sampler $12.95; #66601B (20 oz) $24.50 with tender greens as well as the namesake aerial Cook’s Shallot Sampler OG S ® 6 Explore bublets which can be the diversity and rich, mild, melt-in-your- Perennial Leeks & planted where desired Heirloom White mouth flavor of shallots grown fresh in your White Multiplier Onions or left to fall over and Egyptian Walking Onions garden. Several of our great varieties for you to try. From 4 oz. to 8 oz. of 3 different varieties, Available online only as spring shipped plants. sprout in place thus Check our website for availability! eventually walking around the garden. #66609 you may harvest up to 10 lbs. in good condi- Starter Package (bulbs, 1 oz, see shipping info tions. #92508 Starter Package (bulbs, 20oz. see shipping info above-left) $29.00 above) $12.95; #66609A (3 ozs) $24.50 Seasonally Shipped ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Onion Bulbs 35 Peas Pisum sativum Southern Peas (Cowpeas) Culture: Peas are a fast-maturing cool-weather crop. In the Mid-Atlantic region Southern peas, cowpeas, field peas: Vigna unguiculata spring-planted peas produce a better quality crop than fall-planted peas. Spring planting is Black-eyed peas: Vigna unguiculata unguiculata also better because the vines are more resistant to freezing than the pods, which are more This vegetable seems to have a different name likely to freeze as they mature in the fall. Sow peas as soon as the soil can be worked. Soil should be in each section of the country. Southern peas well drained with pH in the range of 6.0–6.8. Peas require a soil rich in phosphorus and potassium are also called cowpeas, field peas, crowder peas, for good production. Too much nitrogen causes lush vine growth at the expense of pod production. and black-eyed peas. By whatever name you call Sow seed 1 in. deep, ½–1 in. apart in double rows 4 in. apart. Thin to 2 in. apart. Single or double them, they’re an old favorite in the South and rows should be planted 2 ft. apart for dwarf varieties and 2½–3 ft. apart for tall varieties. Support tall can be grown wherever both days and nights varieties on a trellis or fence, or use well-branched brush stuck into the ground. Peas normally do not are warm for a period of 60–90 days. Culture: need to be watered unless the soil is consistently dry at the time of pod production. Harvest: Pick Sow seed 1 in. deep, 2 in. apart in rows 3–6 ft. as soon as pods are full. The sugar in peas converts to starch soon after harvest, so to keep the sweet apart, thinning to 4 in. apart. Vining varieties flavor, use or process within two hours. Diseases: Peas are susceptible to a variety of diseases, most are very vigorous and drought resistant, but commonly in soils that have grown peas for many years. If disease is a problem, use resistant varieties they should be given extra room, or trellised, and follow a 5-year rotation. Seed Savers: Isolate varieties by a minimum of 50 ft. for home use. For or planted so they can climb stalks of dent pure seed isolate by 150 ft. Packet: 1 oz (28 g) (90–220 seeds, depending on corn. Southern peas have cultural requirements variety) sows 12–20 ft. similar to beans. They need warmer soil, so wait Sugar Snap (tall) OG until 3–4 weeks after last frost to plant. Need S ® 70 days. [1979. full sun and a warm growing season. For best Snap Peas AAS winner.] The best results provide a well-drained soil, with pH in This class of peas was developed by Dr. Calvin flavored snap pea. 3 in. the range of 5.5–6.5. Do not apply nitrogen, Lamborn at Gallatin Valley Seed Co. Snap peas pods on 6–8 ft. vines. which will result in poor yield and lush foliage. originated by breeding the sweet pea Mammoth Tolerant of pea wilt but The ability of southern peas to grow in poor Melting Sugar with a chance mutant of a popular not powdery mildew. soil is quite remarkable – many varieties are also freezing pea called Dark Skinned Perfection. For Highly recommended. used as cover crops – and they are relatively free home gardeners, snap peas represent one of the #15501 Pkt $2.75; of insects and disease in the Mid-Atlantic. Har- more significant breeding advances in fifty years. #15501F (1 lb) $4.50; vest: Days to maturity are for fresh shelly-stage #15501G (1 lb) $7.25; Snap peas have excellent disease resistance and Sugar Snap peas. For dry peas, add 2-3 weeks. For fresh use, thick pods remain sweet and tender when mature. #15501H (1 lb) $10.25 harvest when seeds have filled the green pods, Snap peas more than double the amount of food but before seeds have hardened. For dried use, produced by a crop of peas. Culture: See above. Shelling (English) Peas make sure to harvest dried pods before rain or Germination Note: Because snap pea seeds have else seeds will mold. Let dried pods finish drying a high sugar content, the seed may rot in cold soil Wrinkle-seeded peas are sweeter and earlier than under cover in a rodent-proof space. Cooking: before germinating. We recommend pre-sprouting smooth-seeded peas and maintain picking quality Can be boiled, frozen, canned, or dried. Green the seeds for early-season plantings in cold soil. longer. Use these peas for shelling and eating fresh. seeds can be roasted like peanuts. Scorched seeds Harvest: Harvest when pods are filled out and can be used as a coffee substitute. Leaves may peas inside are full size. Strings can be removed Green Arrow (dwarf) OG be used as a potherb. Animal Pests: Deer love while picking by holding the vine in one hand and S ® 6 68 days. [English them. Fence off crops or cover plants with pulling the pod upward and off the vine with the heirloom.] This favorite row cover when pods emerge. Insect Pests: other hand. Preparation: Shelling isn’t necessary variety for home gardeners Weevils sometimes infest dried seed. To kill since pods and peas are eaten together like a snap produces loads of 4–5 in. weevils, freeze thoroughly-dried seed in sealed bean. The small strings along the pod sutures are pods full of plump, sweet, containers for 48 hours. Seed Savers: Isolate dark green peas on 30 in. from southern peas and asparagus beans by a not noticeable when eaten raw, but they should Green Arrow be stripped off before cooking. Flavor is excellent, plants. Double pods set minimum of 10-20 ft. for home use. For pure but is easily destroyed by overcooking or canning. heavily at the top of the seed isolate 50 ft. Packet: 1 oz (28 g) unless Packet: 1 oz. (28 g) unless otherwise stated (about plant for easy picking. Excellent fresh flavor stated (about 85–270 seeds, depending on vari- 100 seeds) sows 12–20 ft. holds well for canning and freezing. Resists wilt ety) sows 15–45 ft. and mildew (DM, FW, RR, & LCV). #15204 Pkt $2.75; #15204F (¼ lb) $4.50; #15204G Amish Snap (tall) OG (1 lb) $7.25; #15204H (1 lb) $10.25 Snow Peas ® 6 62 days. [Amish heirloom predates the Little Marvel (dwarf) Snow Peas are harvested before the pods fill out. They more recent Sugar Snap 6 (Improved American are eaten along with the pods either raw or cooked. varieties.] Tall vines Wonder) 62 days. [1908.] Often cooked in Asian dishes. For best quality, pods have excellent quality Dwarf, 16 in. vines pro- should be harvested at least twice a week. and very sweet flavor. duce double-borne pods. Vigorous vines yield 3½ in. pods contain 6–7 Mammoth Melting Sugar (tall) OG 70 Days. many medium-sized peas. Resistant to Fusarium Wilt-resistant vines grow to 5 ft. A 35 ft. row deep- green pods. Amish Snap wilt. An old dependable Little Marvel can yield as much as a bushel. Sweet, flavorful #15502 Pkt $2.75 variety. #15201 Pkt $2.50; pods hold their quality even when picked a bit #15201F (¼ lb) $4.50; #15201G (½ lb) $6.50 late. #15301 Pkt $2.50 Sugar Ann (dwarf) OG regon iant S ® 56 days [1984, Wando (dwarf)® 68 days. O G (dwarf) OG AAS Winner.] Extra-early. [1943.] Popular since its S 70 days [Improved selection Crisp, flavorful 3 in. snap introduction. Heat- and of old favorite Oregon Sugar peas. Compact 2 ft. vines cold-resistant, the most pro- Pod II.] One of the best don’t require trellising. ductive pea for late sowings yielding snow peas. Giant Also good for fall crop. where heat is a problem. (5 in.) pods have mild, Freezes well. #15507 Pkt Recommended especially sweet flavor. 3 ft. vines resist $2.75; #15507F (¼ lb) for southern and coastal common wilt, mosaic virus, Oregon Giant $4.50; #15507G (1 lb) regions. 24–30 in. vines bear powdery mildew. #15302 $7.25; #15507H (1 lb) 3½ in. pods filled with 7–8 Wando Pkt $2.75; #15302F (¼ lb) $10.25 Sugar Ann dark-green, medium-sized $4.50; #15302G (½ lb) $7.25; #15302H (1 peas. Use fresh or frozen. #15202 Pkt $2.50; lb) $10.25 #15202F (¼ lb) $4.50; #15202G (½ lb) $6.50 36 Peas, Southern Peas www.SouthernExposure.com Bettersnap S ® 61 days. Fast Lady Northern Nematode Resistance & Cowpeas [Richard Fery and Philip Southern Pea S ® 58 Root knot disease, caused by root-knot nematodes (tiny Dukes, ARS/USDA, 1994.] days. Carol Deppe select- worms that feed on plant roots), is a soil problem in many Like snap peas or snap ed this small, white lady parts of the Southeast. Heirloom varieties particularly beans, the young pods of pea in Oregon to mature Bettersnap resistant to nematodes include Hardee and Iron and Clay. Bettersnap can be eaten! fast in the NW’s cool Newer varieties such as Carolina Crowder, Kiawah Pinkeye 9-11 in. green pods, 1-3 pods/cluster, small summers, but it handles Purple Hull, Bettersnap, Green Dixie Blackeye, and white seeds, bush habit. Resistant to root knot Southern summers as Fast Lady Northern KnuckleHull-VNR have been bred to resist nematodes, nematodes and many other Southern afflictions. well! Great for short-sea- and we plan to offer more in the future! #16129 Pkt (14 g, ~112 seeds) $2.50 son areas. 7–8 in. long, yellow pods are easy to pick and shell. Bushy, semi-erect plants. Tender, KnuckleHull-VNR ig ed ipper ® 6 B R R S tasty seeds cook fast without any soaking. S ® 61 days. 70 days. [VA and NC heir- #16124 Pkt (250 seeds) $3.25; #16124F (1 [Richard Fery, Judy loom.] Good flavored table lb) $7.25 Thies, and A. Graves pea with 10 in. pods con- Gillaspie, ARS/USDA, taining as many as 18 large Green Dixie Blackeye 2002.] Large brown peas per pod! Use fresh or S ® 60 days. [Richard peas in 6 in. purple dried. Reddish-green pods Fery, ARS/USDA, 2000.] pods. Bushy plants. are borne high and are Seeds retain their green Classic Alabama va- KnuckleHull-VNR easy to see in the foliage. Big Red color even when dry/ riety, now updated to Resistant to very hot, dry Ripper mature, making this a add resistance to root-knot nematodes and other summers. Vigorous, sprawl- great canning/freezing soil problems. #16133 Pkt (~165 seeds) $2.50; ing vines. Very popular with our Texas custom- variety for that “fresh” Green Dixie #16133F (1 lb) $5.75; #16133G (1 lb) $8.75 ers. #16107 Pkt (132 seeds) $2.50; #16107F look. Sweet, fruity flavor. (¼ lb) $5.75 8-9 in. light green pods, 1-2 pods/cluster, up- Mackey Pea S ® 6 68 days. [E. Texas heir- right for easy picking. #16135 Pkt (~147 seeds) loom, seedstock thanks to Mike Neder. Introduced Calico Crowder OG S ® 6 $2.50; #16135F (¼ lb) $6.25 2014 by SESE.] Similar to pinkeye purple hull, (Hereford Pea, Polecat Pea) 79 vining plants are drought-resistant and also hold days. One of the more flavorful Hardee OG S ® 6 (US-1136) [USDA/ARS, up well in cooler fall temperatures. 6–7 in. pods, southern peas, and one of our Charleston, SC, 2010; selected from SC heirloom 8-15 seeds/pod, pods turn beige when dry. Seeds favorites. Peas are buff-colored collected in 1992 by J. Powell Smith. Introduced have a flavor between blackeye peas and cream with maroon splashes. Vigorous, 2017 by SESE.] 102 days. Tasty red-brown crowders, good fresh or dried. Mike and Lola sprawling vines. #16101 Pkt Calico seeds. Vigorous, sprawling/climbing 10-15 ft. say they like them best when the seeds are still (140 seeds) $2.75 Crowder vines – as with “Iron and Clay,” a great cover green, just before the pods turn dry! #16126 ® crop. A 2006 study found it to have even more Pkt (120 seeds) $2.50 Carolina Crowder S 63 disease resistance (including nematode resis- days. [Richard Fery and Philip tance) than Iron and Clay! #16136 Pkt (~118 Mississippi Silver Unavailable for 2020. See Dukes, ARS/USDA, 1990.] seeds) $2.75; #16136F (¼ lb) $6.25 Carolina Crowder at left. Mississippi Silver-type with Hercules ® 75 days. Peking Black Crowder beautiful cranberry red pods. S ® 6 Red-brown seeds, great flavor. [1981, Clemson AES] Large, S 69 days. [From Semi-bush plants, 7-in. pods. brown seeds are the biggest the Southern Seed Legacy Improved resistance for root- we offer. 8-9-in. pods held collection via grower Harry knot nematodes and many Carolina upright on bushy plants Cooksey.] There is a bit of other Southern afflictions. Crowder with short runners. Easy mystery about this vari- #16130 Pkt (~164 to shell. #16123 Pkt (~88 ety’s origins. But there is seeds) $2.95 seeds) $2.50; #16123F (¼ Hercules no doubt that it produces Peking lb) $5.75 an abundance of delicious Black New! Colossus 80 S black crowder-type peas ® 61 days. [1980] One Hog Brain S ® 6 62 days. [Alabama on vigorous disease-free of the largest and best heirloom, from seed sent by Douglas Pitts, whose plants. 8–9 in. pods. #16110 Pkt (125 seeds) crowder peas. Light- neighbors grew them when Douglas was a boy. Pos- $2.50; #16110F (1 lb) $5.75 brown seeds in straw-col- sibly the best name for a vegetable variety ever, but ored, purple-tinted 7-9 no one seems to know how it got its name -- was it Back! Piggott ea ® 6 in. pods. Large, bushy cooked with hog brains? Did it somehow remind P S 63 plants, very prolific, easy Colossus 80 people of hog brains?] 1-4 pods/cluster, 7-9 in. days. [Grown by the to shell. A Southern pods, cream-and-maroon seeds. Great flavor, Piggott family in favorite, updated for more disease resistance, good drought resistance. #16128 Pkt (~122 Washington Parish, including broader Fusarium Wilt resistance. seeds) $2.50 LA since the 1850s. #16131 Pkt (~94 seeds) $2.50; #16131F (¼ For a long while ron and lay ® 6 lb) $5.75 I C 110 the family kept this days [Brought to the U.S. flavorful seed all to Piggott Pea Creel Crowder by slaves before the Ameri- themselves!] Early S ® 6 61 days. can Revolution. Clay peas and productive, this great-tasting variety is good [Family heirloom were carried as rations by fresh or dried. 6-7 in. pods have medium-size of Cheryl and Confederate soldiers. Iron Iron and Clay brown seeds with light speckling. Long vines Garey Hughes, and Clay peas sustained up to 8 ft. are vigorous and drought-resistant. from Garey’s newly freed African-Amer- #16127 Pkt (~120 seeds) $2.50; #16127F (¼ great-uncle R.E. Creel Crowder icans after the Civil War according to George lb) $5.75 Washington Carver’s 1908 “Cookbook of Field Pea Creel, a truck ® farmer in Warrior, Recipes.”] Vigorous, drought-hardy plants. Good Pinkeye Purple Hull, Coronet OG S 63 Alabama in the 1930s.] 6-in. curved pods turn root-knot nematode resistance. Sprawling vines. days. [U. of GA/AES, 1975.] Improved Pinkeye golden yellow when dry, large brown seeds. A great nitrogen-fixing cover crop. Late-ma- Purple Hull with good disease resistance. Up- Semi-vining plants, very productive! #16120 turing pods can be harvested for the kitchen or right, semi-bush plants, easy picking. #16137 Pkt (~125 seeds) $2.50; #16120F (1 lb) used for fodder. 6-7 in. pods, light tan seeds. Pkt (~170 seeds) $2.50; #16137F (1 lb) $5.50; #16120G (1 lb) $8.75 #16125 (245 seeds) $2.50; #16125F (¼ lb) $5.25; #16137H (1 lb) $12.50 $4.75; #16125H (1 lb) $10.25 Southern Peas continue ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic on the next page. 37 History: Originally from Brazil, Southern Peas Continued peanuts were brought to France ® Peanuts Pinkeye Purple Hull, Kiawah S 61 days. Arachis hypogaea and Africa, and then later intro- [1988, Richard Fery & P.D. Dukes, ARS/USDA. duced into the U.S. during the Named for the Native American tribe who wel- 1700s. The first commercial peanuts were grown near Wilming- comed English settlers to Charleston, SC.] Popular ton, NC, around 1800. Culture: Shell out the seeds and sow 1–2 favorite Pinkeye Purple Hull, bred to add in. deep, 6–12 in. apart, in rows 30–36 in. apart. If planting in nematode resistance. 6-8-in. dark purple pods. hills, plant 3 nuts per hill, 10–12 in. apart in hills 2–3 ft. apart. 2-4 pods/cluster. Upright for easy harvesting on Loose, well-drained soil is important for good germination, and bushy plants. #16132 Pkt (~203 seeds) $2.50; a soil pH of 5–6 will give the best results. Plant a month after Carolina African Runner #16132F (1 lb) $5.75; #16132H (1 lb) $12.50 last frost once soil has warmed up. Peanuts transplant well, and can be started indoors 3–4 weeks before transplanting out. (Even Carolina African Runner Queen Ann Blackeye Pea ® OG when direct sowing, we find it useful to start a few seeds in pots S ® 6 130 days. [Brought to 60 days. [VA/AES.] Depend- for transplanting out to fill any gaps in the rows.) Peanuts are the US in the 1600s by West Af- able and heavy producer. slow growing at first, so keep the seedlings well weeded. A useful rican slaves, this is the original Highly recommended for technique is to inter-plant with a fast-maturing weed-suppress- American peanut!] Thought to green shell or dry use, freezing, ing crop (radishes, green onions, lettuce, cilantro) that will be be extinct since the 1930s, un- or canning. Can be grown in harvested before the peanut plants grow large enough to need the til Dr. David Shields tracked most northern states. (Note: space. Peanuts require 110–130 days of hot weather and ample down a small sample in NC this used to be a more compact water, especially once plants have begun to set pods. When plants State University’s seed archives. plant, but the commercial Queen Anne are 12 in. high, hill them up with loose soil as you would with From a 2013 planting of 20 strain has become much more potatoes, and mulch between the rows. Once plants start flow- seeds, Brian Ward of Clemson’s viney, though it’s still as early as ering, they need at least an inch of rain/irrigation every week for Coastal Research and Educa- ever!) 7 in. pods. #16103 Pkt (127 seeds) $2.50; Harvest: #16103F (¼ lb) $4.50; #16103G (½ lb) $6.50 best production. Harvest during a dry spell in October tion Center has been building or after a light frost. After 3 consecutive nights of low tempera- up the population. The pea- Rouge et Noir S ® 6 63 days. [Heirloom tures (40°F or colder), plants will not mature pods any further, nuts are smaller, denser, and from Washington Parrish, LA.] Similar to Peking so harvest can happen anytime. (In the Deep South, peanuts oilier than other peanuts, and Black but earlier. Large seeds are red when fresh, may need to be harvested earlier to keep pods from sprouting in sweeter than Virginia peanuts. drying to black. Vigorous, semi-vining plants. cold/wet soil late in the season.) If weather and critters allow, dig Historically, they were used Food historian William Woys Weaver notes that vines and let them sun-dry for several days before pulling pods for making peanut oil, used in Louisiana these peas are often cooked with li- off. Cure indoors in a rodent-proof space for 2–3 weeks before in savory dishes, desserts, and mas and green peanuts. #16118 storing. Seed Savers: Isolate varieties by at least 10-50 ft. Packet: beverages, and later for peanut Pkt (~122 seeds) $2.50 Peanuts are sold in the shell to preserve seed freshness. See variety butter. 1-2 seeds/pod (mostly descriptions for packet weights. Peanuts are sold in shell. Can- ® 2 seeds/pod). A runner peanut, New! Speckled Graham S not ship to California or Canada. vines can spread 3+ ft (great 6 (US-1137) [USDA/ARS, for keeping down weeds), but Charleston, SC, 2010; selected needs 2-3 weeks longer to from SC heirloom collected Whippoorwill, Steele’s Black OG mature than other peanuts – if trying in 1992 by J. Powell Smith.] Speckled Graham S ® 6 75 days. [OK/AR family to grow these north of SE Virginia, 102 days. Tasty mix of speck- heirloom. Introduced 2012 by SESE.] start seedlings inside, then transplant led grey and tan seeds. Vigorous, sprawling/ 6 in. pods with grey-black speckled out a month after last spring frost. climbing 10-15 ft. vines, resistant to root knot seeds. Vigorous vines best trellised or Hardy and vigorous, and excellent for nematodes and other Southern afflictions. Seeds given plenty of room to sprawl, as the small crops, but this variety is vulner- have been selected for permeable seed coatings, vines will produce several harvests as able to a few modern peanut diseases so that any remaining seeds left in the ground they continue to grow. #16121 Pkt Steele’s Black when grown on a large commercial won’t sprout the following year – a well-behaved (208 seeds) $2.75 scale. #17114 Pkt (~57 seeds) $5.25; cover crop! Daylength-sensitive plants wait til hite cre ® 6 #17114F (1 lb) $10.75 days approach 13 hours long before putting W A S 62 out big yields of 9 in. pods. #16137 Pkt (~160 days. High-yielding heirloom Carolina Black seeds) $2.50; #16137F (¼ lb) $5.75 southern pea has superior flavor. S ® 6 110 days. Quick early growth and dense [Introduced 1999 by Tohono O’odham S ® 6 foliage reduces much of the need SESE from seed sent (Papago) 63 days. [SW Native for weeding. 7–8 in. pods, small by Derek Morris.] American heirloom.] Highly white seeds, 18–25 peas/pod. One of the varieties drought- and heat-tolerant va- #16109 Pkt (274 seeds) $2.95 grown during the riety often used for summer Tohono O’odham Yellow Ripper S ® 60 days. 1800s was the cover crops. 6–7 in. pur- African peanut (also ple-tinged pods. Earthy-fla- [Joe West found this one at the Lucedale, MS, co-op. We’ve had no White Acre known as the N. Carolina Black vored seeds have black and white markings like Carolina peanut). Holstein cows. #16119 Pkt (170 seeds) $2.50 luck finding out any more about this great variety. If you know anything, let us know! It may have been a black peanut, Whippoorwill S ® 6 72 Introduced 2015 by SESE.] 6 in., easy to shell, yellow possibly the same as ‘Carolina Black.’ days. [Brought to the Americas pods. Big, yellow-tan seeds. Vigorous and productive According to food historian William from Africa during the slave semi-bush plants. #16122 Pkt (~100 seeds) $2.50 Woys Weaver, the black peanut may have been used as a substitute for Black trade. Grown by Jefferson ® at Monticello.] Once the Zipper Cream S 67 Bambarra (African ground nut) by the standard for southern peas, days. [1972, FL AES. black community. Black Bambarra is this variety is drought-toler- Thanks to Bob Bulluck important in African folk medicine ant and will grow in almost for our seedstock!] South- as an aphrodisiac. The N. Carolina all soils. 5 ft. vines produce ern favorite. Bushy 2–3 climate won’t support black Bambarra, ft. plants bear prolifi- extended harvests of 7–9 Whippoorwill but black peanuts grow there without in. green pods. Small seeds cally. 6–9 in. pods with difficulty. Carolina Black produces are light brown with dark large, creamy-white sweet-tasting, black-skinned peanuts speckles, good eaten green or dried. #16111 seeds, 18–20 seeds/pod, Zipper Cream that are slightly larger than Spanish Pkt (170 seeds) $2.75; #16111F (1 lb) $6.25; easy to shell. Unusually, peanuts. 2–3 seeds/pod. #17103 Pkt #16111G (1 lb) $10.25 seeds have a taste between English peas and cowpeas (28 g, ~45 seeds) $4.50 when fresh. #16116 Pkt (116 seeds) $2.95 38 Southern Peas, Peanuts www.SouthernExposure.com Talbert Small Red S ® 6 110 days. [Family Peppers heirloom from Lincoln Capsicum annuum, unless noted County, NC. Maintained by Gordon Schronce. Introduced Culture: Sow seeds 8-10 weeks before plant- 2013 by SESE.] Small red ing out after last frost. Plant seeds ¼ in. deep bunching peanuts originally in well-drained soil in shallow flats. Maintain from a local 4-H member soil temperature at least 75–85°F for good germination. Peppers won’t germinate in cold who was given the peanuts Talbert Small Carwile’s Virginia by her Grandfather Talbert. Red potting soil – heat makes a big difference in Her family simply called seeds germinating in 5 days, or seeds taking up to 20 days! (Since germination can be slower if Carwile’s Virginia OG S ® 6 120 days. them the small, red peanut and had grown them [Introduced 1989 by SESE.] Family heirloom for almost 100 years. Vigorous, productive seeds don’t have enough heat, make sure to sow from SW Virginia since 1910. Grown by Frank plants. #17107 Pkt (28 g, ~46 seeds) $4.75; extra seeds in case germination is low.) Don’t Carwile for over 75 years since he was given this #17107F (1 lb) $9.25 overwater seeds or they may rot. Transplant to 3 peanut by a traveler when he was 8 years old. He in. pots as soon as several leaves have developed. later tried other varieties but found none with Maintain day temperature 75–80°F, and night a better flavor. 2–4 seeds per pod. Plants have temperature at least 65°F. Water plants with average disease resistance but excellent produc- warm water. Transplant again to larger pots if tion and drought resistance. #17101 Pkt (28 g, the seedlings become too large. Peppers need to ~40 seeds) $4.95 have an uncrowded root system or subsequent yields will be reduced. Harden the plants by Georganic S ® 130 giving them plenty of light and setting them days. [2006 USDA/ outside for a few hours on warm days. Be careful ARS & U. of GA] Bred not to let the plants wilt. Don’t rush the season: for organic growers, a good rule of thumb is to transfer peppers to Georganic has sprawl- Tennessee Red Valencia the garden after the dogwood blossoms have ing runner growth fallen, or when average soil temperature is 65°F that helps to suppress Georganic Tennessee Red Valencia OG S ® 6 (Valencia or above (usually a month after last frost). Space weeds, and excellent Tennessee Red) 110 days. [Pre-1930.] Rich, plants 18–24 in. apart in rows or blocks. Wait disease resistance. Red-skinned seeds have good sweet peanuts with red skins. 2–4 seeds/pod. a month to mulch peppers so that the soil can flavor. 1-2 seeds/pod (mostly 2 seeds/pod). Later Easy to grow without hilling, even in clay soils. heat up. Small-fruited varieties tolerate hot maturity, best for Coastal areas and Deep South. An early variety for those who have trouble humid conditions better than large-fruited vari- #17106 Pkt (28 g, ~33 seeds) $4.95 maturing Virginia-type peanuts. We’re again eties. Once flowering begins, fertilizer should be offering the best strain of this variety, with larger withheld; otherwise, flowers may drop without Jungle Striped, pods and better yields. #17104 Pkt (28 g, ~40 setting fruit. Other factors causing flower drop Sundance Striped ® 6 seeds) $4.95; #17104F (¼ lb) $10.25 are low humidity (sometimes caused by wide S 125 days. spacing), poor pollination, full fruit set, or night [Georgia farmer Ed temperatures above 80°F or below 65°F. In the Janosik has been greenhouse, pollinate peppers the same way improving this one tomatoes are pollinated. Maintain high levels since getting them at of phosphorus for sustained yields. Once fruit a seed swap in 2004. production begins, short stakes or small tomato Introduced by SESE cages may be necessary to prevent large-fruit- 2018.] Ecuadorean ed varieties from falling over. Flavor: Peppers type peanut, 2-4 are fully ripe after turning color. Although seeds/pod, with wavy all peppers may be eaten in the green stage, ridged shells and Jungle Striped Texas Red & White ripening to red, yellow, etc. increases flavor and orange/purple skins. nearly doubles the vitamin C content. Extended Ed has been selecting Harvest: ® Mature plants have good vigor in fall, for larger yields, bigger seeds, and more color Texas Red and White S 110 days. [Peanut so cover plants on frosty nights for 1–2 weeks to variation. Tasty boiled, roasted, or fried. #17115 said to have been developed in the school colors by a Pkt (28 g, ~30 seeds) $4.75 extend the harvest season. Then, before the first Texas university for selling at football games. Seed killing frost, uproot plants and place the roots in given to Ron Thuma by friends in Andover, KS. Schronce’s Deep a bucket of water and store in a cool location to Introduced 2012 by SESE.] Seeds have lovely red- Black OG S ® 110 extend harvest by one month, or grow the vari- days. [Selected since and-white streaked skins. 2–4 seeds/pod, com- ety Doe Hill Golden Bell which is an excellent 1980 by NC garden- pact 3–ft. plants grow well in heavy clay soil. keeper. Diseases: Peppers are fairly disease-re- #17109 Pkt (28 g, ~34 seeds) $4.95; #17109F sistant, but are susceptible to anthracnose, bacte- er Gordon Schronce. (1 lb) $9.25 Seedstock sent by his rial leaf spot, and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). son Arty. Introduced Virginia Jumbo, Use resistant varieties and control aphids. TMV 2011 by SESE.] Champs OG S ® 120- may not kill plants but will greatly reduce the Black peanut 135 days. [VA Tech, yield. Keep cigarettes out of the garden and selected for larger 2004.] Early maturing greenhouse. Physiological Diseases: Sunscald seeds with darker plants with runner-type is common on varieties with sparse foliage. (violet-black) skins growth habit make Blossom-end rot is rare in peppers, and is due to than Carolina Black good yields of large, inadequate calcium supply or uneven supply of and 3–4 seeds per plump nuts in Virginia. water. Greenhouse Pests: Similar to treatment pod. Very pro- Delicious for roasting. of tomato pests. Seed Savers: Wear gloves when ductive. Gordon’s Schronce’s Pod size, shape and col- collecting seeds from hot peppers. Isolate vari- favorite way to Deep Black or are suited for in-shell eties by 300 ft. Note: Days to maturity are days serve these is to fry sales at farmers market. after transplanting. Days are for green peppers; up a mix of black and red peanuts in canola oil. #17110 Pkt (28 g, ~32 for ripe peppers, add 2-4 weeks. Packet: 0.3 g #17108 Pkt (28 g, ~42 seeds) $4.95; #17108F unless stated (about 36-60 seeds, depending on seeds) $4.95; #17110F Champs (¼ lb) $9.25; #17108G (1 lb) $15.25 (1 lb) $9.25 variety) sows 21-60 feet of transplants.

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Peanuts, Peppers 39 Extra-Early Red Bells Yellow & Orange Bells Sweet Bull Nose OG S ® 6 Corona OG S ® 68 days. (Large Sweet Span- (green > golden orange) Peppers ish) 58 days. (green > [Dutch variety, 1991.] Ashe County scarlet red) [Introduced Fancy, flavorful, very sweet Pimento OG S ® 6 in 1759 from India. bell pepper often featured in 52 days. (green > red) Ashe County Pimento Pre-1900 this variety was gourmet produce markets. [Revived by NC seed often stuffed with cabbage 3½ in. fruits are 3- to Corona saver Rob Danford.] One of the few peppers and pickled.] Early 4-lobed, averaging 6–7 oz. that reliably produces well in the short Smoky maturing. An unusual Fruit stem separates easily Mountain growing season (150 days or less). combination of sweet from plant for trouble-free harvest. Choice vari- An incredibly sweet, bright red, thick-fleshed and heat: the thick flesh Bull Nose ety for salad use. Good foliage cover of fruits. 4 pimento pepper, 4 × 1½ in. Great raw, as well is sweet and the cell par- ft. plants. Mosaic resistant. #46104 Pkt $2.95; as for cooking, roasting, and canning. Small titions or ribs are slightly pungent. In our trials #46104B (3 g) $7.50 (24-30 in.) plants may be closely spaced (18 we have noted that the heat can be very subtle Doe Hill Golden Bell OG in. apart). #46136 Pkt $2.95; #46136B (3 g) or absent and may depend on growing condi- ® 6 $7.50 tions. 3 × 4 in. fruits are 4-lobed, borne on tall, S 61 days. (green > prolific plants. #46101 Pkt $2.95; #46101B (3 orange) [Pre-1900 family Early Hungarian Sweet g) $7.50 heirloom from the Doe Hill OG S ® (TH 122) 55 days. area in Highland County, VA. (creamy white > red) [Seed California Wonder OG ® Introduced by SESE 2000.] from Dr. Terry Berke at the 6 75 days. (green > red) Miniature (1 × 2¼ in.), 4- to Asian Vegetable Research [1928.] Widely adapted 6- lobed, flattened orange Doe Hill Golden Center. Introduced by SESE variety, well-known and bells, with sweet, fruity, 1999.] An extra-early, Early Hungarian preferred by many market multidimensional flavor. large wax Hungarian sweet Sweet growers and gardeners. A High yielding, 30 in. plants pepper. Similar to Feherozon smooth, blocky bell, mostly California Wonder widely adapted and disease except that plants are taller (14–18 in.) and 4-lobed, with thick walls. resistant. Fruits keep well. fruits are slightly longer (2½ × 4 in.). #46125 Fruits up to 4 × 43/4 in. #46126 Pkt $2.75 Pkt $2.75 Foliage provides good cover for fruits. Tobacco ® mosaic resistant. #46102 Pkt $2.50 Golden Cal Wonder OG Golden Cal Feherozon OG ® (creamy white > orange > red) 72 days. (green > gold) Widely Wonder 55 days. [Seed from Dr. Terry Berke at the Asian Jupiter OG S ® 75 adapted and similar to Califor- Vegetable Research Center. Introduced by SESE days. (green > red) nia Wonder. The thick-walled, 1999.] An extra-early, large wax, Hungarian One of the largest golden ripe fruits average 3 × sweet pepper with compact growth and con- and best sweet bell 3 in. 3 ft. plants. Does well centrated fruit set. Dwarf plants are only 12–15 peppers. Sturdy 3–5 in the Mid-Atlantic. #46105 in. tall, yet produce an early yield of 7 fruits per ft. plants have an ex- Pkt $2.50 plant on the first harvest. Thick-walled pointed cellent canopy of dark Back! Kevin’s Early Orange bells, 2½ × 3½ in. Excellent variety for contain- green leaves to protect ® the high yields of 4 OG S 70-80 days. (green er gardens, early crops, and short-season areas. [Selected by Ashland #46124 Pkt $2.75 in. fruits. Excellent > orange) drought resistance. Jupiter Farmers Market growers for Lipstick OG S ® 55 days. Great for stuffing. taste and earliness.] Medium, (green > red) [Johnny’s #46134 Pkt $2.95; #46134B (3 g) $7.25 thick-walled bells, 3 x 3½ in. Selected Seeds.] Early and The same fine taste as ‘Orange productive, a great choice Keystone Resistant Giant OG S 79 days. Bell,’ but 2 weeks earlier and for short season areas. (green > red) A California Wonder type with with slightly improved yields. Kevin’s Early Chunky triangular peppers, large, blocky, pendant fruit (3½ × 4 in.). Mosaic Good foliage cover. #46132 Orange 2 × 3½ in., on 4 ft. plants. resistant. Heavy foliage reduces susceptibility to Pkt $2.95 Good flavor, juicy flesh. Lipstick sunscald. Thick stems hold up under heavy fruit Orange Bell ® #46139 Pkt $2.75 load. Well suited to the Mid-Atlantic, but not OG S recommended for the Deep South. #46106 Pkt 90 days. (green > orange) Red Cherry OG S ® 6 54 $2.75 [Seedstock from Craig days. (green > red) [Pre-1860.] LeHoullier in NC.] Shaped like bonbons, these Napoleon Sweet OG S Large, thick-walled, little sweet peppers are a good ® 6 76 days. (green > sweet bells. Though later size for lunch box treats, and red) 6–7 in. long bells maturing, the quality Orange Bell great for pickling, canning, and with sweet, mild flavor. and flavor is the best of stuffing. Tall plants bear loads Very productive, tasty any orange bell we’ve grown. Fruits are large, of dark red 1 in. × 11 in. fruits thick fleshed fruit can be blocky bells, 3½ in. wide by 4 in. long. An that not only look like cherries, used fresh, dried or for outstanding variety. #46120 Pkt $2.75 but have some cherry flavor as frying. #46130 Pkt $2.75; Napoleon Sweet Yellow Belle #46112 Pkt $2.75 #46130B (3 g) $6.75 S well! Red Cherry 65 days. (yellow Sweet Pickle OG ® (Christ- World Beater OG S > yellow-orange mas Tree Pepper) 55 days. 6(Ruby Giant) 72 days. > crimson red) (purple > pale yellow > orange (green > red) [Pre-1912. Mostly four-lobed, > red) Beautiful plant, a great Developed from a cross 2½ × 3 in., thick edible ornamental. Compact combining the size and flesh, borne erect 18-24 in. plants are loaded with production of Chinese on the plant. Heavy Yellow Belle upright fruits in many colors. Giant with the shape and foliage, compact Thick walled fruits, 1 in. wide × color of Ruby King.] 3 × 4 growth, and very attractive. In Southern 2-3 in. long, best flavor when red. in., thick fleshed bells, areas fully ripe peppers may develop fun- #46143 Pkt $2.75 very sweet when red. 3 World Beater gus in the seed cavity during hot weather. Sweet Pickle ft. tall plants. #46108 A first-class salad pepper, very reliable and 40 Peppers Pkt $2.95 heavily productive. #46109 Pkt $2.50 Chocolate & Purple Bells Sweet Non-Bell Peppers Purple Beauty Sweet peppers don’t have to be bell-shaped. Non- OG S ® 80 bells are often earlier, more productive, and more days. (green > vigorous than bell peppers. purple > deep red) On their Corno Di Toro OG S 80 way to deep days. (green > red) “Horn Jimmy Nardello’s Italian red, the pep- of the Bull” thick bull’s pers stop and horn type, extremely Jimmy Nardello’s Italian OG S ® 6 58 days. linger at a dark productive, plants will (green > crimson red) Best sweet variety for purple color produce so much fruit drying. This treasure was in our seed bank for (lime green Purple Beauty that the plants can use a 15 years before we grew it in our pepper trials; inside) that’s good staking! Great flavor, we wish we’d offered it sooner! One of the more lovely in salads. beautiful vigorous plants. Corno di Toro productive, disease-resistant, and most widely Medium-sized bells, 3 × 3 in., thick flesh, good Good pepper for frying adapted heirloom sweet peppers we have grown. foliage cover. 3 ft. tall, mosaic resistant plants. and cooking. #46131 Pkt Tapered banana-shaped fruits are multi-dimen- #46140 Pkt $2.75; #46140B (3 g) $6.50 $2.75; #46131B (3 g) $7.50 sionally sweet and intensely flavored. Excellent Sweet Gamba S ® 62 days. (green for drying, frying, freezing, relishes, or salads. Chocolate > red) Excels as a frying or Thin-walled fruits are 3/4 in. to 1¼ in. at the (Choco) stuffing pepper. Very thick, shoulder and 5–8 in. long. 3 ft. plants. #46122 OG S ® 86 meaty flesh holds up well Pkt $2.75; #46122B (3 g) $7.50 days. (green and sweetens during cook- Marconi OG ® 6 80 days. > chocolate ing. Our favorite for sweet, (green > red) Fabulous yields brown) Me- stir-fried peppers. Flattened with this 7 in. horn shaped dium-sized, bells, 3–3½ in. in diameter Italian heirloom. Great for frying, shiny, choc- and 1½–2 in. deep with Gamba drying, or using fresh in salads. olate-cher- rich, deep-red color. #46116 Very sweet whether green or ry-colored Sweet Chocolate Pkt $2.50 red, stands up well to the heat. bells, 2½ × #46110 Pkt $2.50 Marconi 4½ in., 3-lobed. Unusual dark maroon interior Back! Charleston fruit color. Extremely productive, continu- Melrose OG S ® 6 (green Belle S ® 67 ous fruiting, very disease resistant. Stake tall OG > red) [Heirloom Italian frying days. (green > red) pepper discovered in Melrose plants for best production. #46103 Pkt $2.75; [The first nema- #46103B (3 g) $7.50 Park, IL.] Productive plants full tode-resistant bell of 2 × 4 in. peppers that turn pepper. Introduced brilliant red early. Very sweet Nematode-Resistant by SESE 1998.] flavor, rich and full-bodied. Ex- Plants have a com- Sweet Peppers Charleston Belle cellent for salads, roasting, and pact growth habit stir-frying. #46133 Pkt $2.75; The first nematode-resistant bell peppers were and reach a height #46133B (3 g) $7.50 Melrose introduced by SESE. They were developed by Drs. of 4 ft. 3 x 5 in. fruits are virtually identical to Fery, Duke, and Thies at the USDA, Charleston, ‘Keystone Resistant Giant’, weighing ~¼ lb . Super Shepherd OG S SC. Many gardeners in the South have found it #46121 Pkt $2.95; #46121B (3 g) $7.50 ® 66 days. (green > red- difficult or impossible to grow sweet bell peppers brown > red) This Italian because of southern root-knot nematodes. Previous- sweet pepper is one of ly they had to sterilize their soil or find alternative our most productive and growing sites. Nematode-resistant varieties now versatile varieties. Early make it easy for organic growers and home garden- yields of high quality, ers to grow bell peppers. defect-free fruits. Thick, juicy flesh good fresh, Carolina fried or pickled. 3–4 Wonder OG lobed fruits average 2 × Super Shepherd S ® 75 days. Truhart-NR 4 in. long. Tall, vigorous (green > red) [In- plants. #46119 Pkt $2.75; #46119B (3 g) troduced by SESE Truhart-NR OG S ® 75 days. (green > $7.50 Seed grown and stewarded by Living 1999.] The best crimson red) [2009, Richard Fery & Judy Theis, Energy Farm in Louisa, VA. nematode-re- ARS/USDA. Introduced 2017 by SESE.] A sistant bell for classic Southern pimento pepper, now with Sweet Banana home gardeners. newly added nematode resistance. Very flavorful OG S ® (Long Foliage, fruits, heart-shaped fruits (2 × 3 in.), thick flesh. Use Sweet Hungari- and yields are fresh, roasted, peeled, or canned. Especially well an) 70 days. (pale suited for salads, Spanish omelets, or eating out green > yellow > very similar to Carolina Wonder California Won- of hand. Productive plants are tall and sturdy, orange > crimson der. This variety with good foliage cover. #46142 Pkt $2.75; red) [1941, is a potentially valuable line for developing other #46142B (3 g) $7.50 AAS winner.] nematode-resistant bell peppers. Heavy yields It is also less prone to developing Pepper Species Guide: Capsicum baccatum and C. chinense of attractive, peppers have better disease resistance than C. annuum banana-shaped fungus in the seed cavity. The Sweet Banana premium-grade, 3- and 4-lobed, peppers, and are easier to dry, but tend to start bearing peppers, 6 × 1½ fruits weigh ¼–1/3 lb and measure fruit later. The C. annuum species includes most peppers in. Eaten at any 3 × 4 in. Sweet flavor even when easily found in the US, and nearly all sweet peppers. The ripeness stage, but sweetest when red. Great green. #46123 Pkt $2.95; C. chinense species has the thinnest fruit walls, and includes for colorful salads, frying, and freezing. 42 in. #46123B (3 g) $7.50 most of the hottest peppers. The C. baccatum species has plants. Excellent choice for Mid-Atlantic region. medium-thick walls, and has most of the fruitiest flavors. #46111 Pkt $2.75; #46111B (3 g) $7.50 ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Peppers 41 Hungarian Paprika OG Nematode-Resistant Hot Peppers Spice Peppers S 670 days. (green > More great nematode-resistant peppers – see text ji ulce ® 6 red) Our seedstock origi- A D OG S box on p. 41 for info on nematode-resistance! (C. chinense) 99 days. nally came from Hungary, where the paprika pepper (green > orange-red > Carolina Cayenne OG S ® red) [Venezuelan heirloom. has been developed to its Aji Dulce 70 days. (green > red) [1986, Seed source from Donna finest quality. This strain Clemson U. & USDA.] 2–3 Hudson in TN.] Has the has excellent color and Hungarian Paprika times more hot than regular same shape, size, color and aroma sweet, spicy flavor. 3 ft. plants produce Cayennes! Heavy yields of 1 × as Habanero, but is sweet, spicy, an abundance of 1½ × 4½ in. peppers. 5 in. fruits, larger than most and delicious, with only a trace of Fruit shows some susceptibility to sunscald and blossom-end Cayenne peppers. Excellent heat. Highly aromatic fruits; their rot, but is otherwise an excellent variety. The nematode resistance. 3 ft. flavor is unusual and complex, fruits keep well. The sweet, very dry flesh is plants. #46521 Pkt $2.95; Carolina Cayenne with overtones of black pepper ideal for drying. Grind dried fruits for a su- #46521B (3 g) $7.50 and coriander, and undertones of perb paprika seasoning. #46117 Pkt $2.95; other spicy flavors. An excellent #46117B (3 g) $7.50 Charleston Hot OG S ® 72 days. (green > yellow choice for sautéed vegetables, Trinidad Perfume ® 6 S (C. chinense) > orange > red) [1993, rice and bean dishes, paprika, or 94 days. (green > yellow) A spice pepper herbal vinegars. The thin-walled Trinidad Perfume Charleston/USDA.] Almost with lots of sweet flavor and a trace of as hot as Habaneros! pendant fruits are 1 × 2 in., taper- heat. 42 in. tall, bushy plants with light ing at both the stem and blossom Flavorful ½ × 5 in. fruits; green foliage. 1 × 1½ in. bright yellow pep- a favorite for hot sauce in end. Plants have good foliage pers. #46138 Pkt (0.20 g) $2.50 cover and bear at 18 in. high. the Carolinas. Colorful Seedlings grow slowly at first, but Zavory S ® 6 (C. chinenese) 97 days. fruits and the unusual grow rapidly later in the season to Similar in many respects to Aji Dulce, but less yellow leaves make this an 48 in. or more. #46601 Pkt (0.20 wrinkled and slightly smaller. The bright scar- interesting ornamental. Very Charleston Hot g) $2.75; #46601B (3 g) $7.50 let fruits have a simpler, sweeter flavor. A seed good nematode resistance. swap favorite. #46602 Pkt (0.20 g) $2.50 Zavory 30–36 in. plants. #46522 Pkt $2.95; #46522B (3 g) $7.50 Brazilian Starfish OG S ® C. baccatum Combahee Red Habanero OG ( ) 82 days. ® (PA-559) Hot Peppers Ribbed, spaceship-shaped S (C. chinense) 95 days. (green > red) [2008, Aji Chinchi Amarillo OG S ® fruits, 1½-2 in. wide by 6 (C. baccatum) 59 days. (green half as tall, with mild heat Richard Fery and Judy Theis, > golden orange-yellow) [Intro- and great fruity flavor ARS/USDA. Introduced by duced by SESE 2018.] Fruity, on 3½ ft plants. Open SESE 2015.] Red-fruited flavorful, with medium-high branch structure makes habanero bred for root-knot heat. A heavy yielder and a favor- for easy harvest. #46528 Brazilian Starfish nematode resistance. Clock- ite in our 2016 pepper taste test. Pkt (0.2 g) $2.75 ing in at 256,433 Scoville Combahee Red Aji Amarillo peppers are a key heat units, this is probably Habanero ingredient in Peruvian cuisine. Cayenne, Long Red our most potent hot pepper! 1 Aji Chinchi OG ® 6 72 days. in. wide x 13/4 in. long fruits. #46523 Pkt (0.20 This rare “Chinchi” strain bears Amarillo smaller peppers, about 3 × 1 in., (green > red) [Pre- g) $2.95; #46523B (3 g) $7.50 much earlier in the season than the standard Aji 1827.] A choice, fiery, red-hot seasoning Amarillo. Thanks to Chris Watson for providing Fish Pepper OG our seedstock. #46526 Pkt $2.75 pepper. Use fresh or S ® 6 55 days. dried, especially in (green-white > Anaheim Chile ® Long Red Cayenne OG 77 salsa or chili. 1 × 3–5 green-yellow days. (green > deep red) in. fruits. 42 in. plants. > red) [Afri- A versatile mild pepper #46504 Pkt $2.50; #46504B (3 g) $5.50 can-American used fresh, canned, fried, Chinese Five Color OG S heirloom from or dried. 6–8 in. pendant ® MD.] White and fruits are borne abun- 6 70–90 days. (purple > Anaheim creamy yellow > yellow > or- green mottled Fish dantly on tall, productive, leaves. Most of vigorous plants. #46501 ange > red) Lovely ornamental Pkt $2.50; #46501B (3 g) $5.50 hot pepper with a stunning the 2 in. long palette of bright fruit colors fruits have variegated colors before ripening Ancho Poblano all present at the same time. to red. Beautiful edible landscape plant. Great OG ® 674 days. Foliage is green with purple Chinese 5 heat tolerance. Very hot, used traditionally in (green > red) Called veins and purple blush on Color shellfish and fish cookery. Also good for drying. poblanos when fresh, some leaves. 48 in. tall plants #46518 Pkt $2.75; #46518B (3 g) $6.50 the classic choice for bear upright conical fruits 3/4 × 1½ in. An ar- Habanero OG S ® chiles rellenos. After resting ornamental with hot fiery fruits. #46517 (C. chinense) 95 days. ripening red and then Pkt (0.20 g) $2.75 (green > orange-red) dried, they are called Czech Black OG S ® 6 [Cultivated in the Yucat- anchos and are used an, Trinidad, and West in mole, adobo, and 58 days. (green > black > Ancho red) [Czech heirloom.] Highly Indies.] A very aromatic, other sauces. Chunky Poblano flavorful, very hot pep- fruits up to 4 in. ornamental. Pendant fruits (1 × 2½ in.) are bluntly conical per used in Caribbean long. Usually mild curries and jerk sauces. Habanero when green, may be- and are medium-hot when red. 3 ft. plants, upright branches. Czech Black 1¼ × 2 in. thin-walled come slightly hotter fruits. Slow germinating. Requires a long warm when red. #46524 Showy: red fruit at the base, purple black fruit at the top contrasts with growing season; plants eventually reach 3–4 ft. Pkt $2.75; #46524B #46506 Pkt (0.20 g) $2.75 (3 g) $6.25 purple green leaves and white-streaked lavender flowers. Widely adapted and very flavorful. 42 Peppers #46505 Pkt $2.75 www.SouthernExposure.com Hungarian Wax OG ® (Hot Numex Big Jim OG S Serrano Tampiqueño Banana) 60 days. (pale green ® 80 days. (green > OG S ® 75 days. (green > yellow > crimson red) Long, red) [1975, New Mexico > orange > red-orange) banana-shaped, medium-hot, State U.] Large, mild, Attractive 4 ft. plants spicy peppers, 1½ × 6–7 in. A Anaheim-type peppers with pendant, thin- very reliable and productive va- up to 12 in. long, on walled fruit (½ × 21 riety adapted to the cool North 48 in. plants. Great for in.). Flavorful pepper, as well as the Deep South. stuffing. Listed by the ideal for chili, salsa, hot Use fresh, canned, or pickled. Guinness Book of World pepper vinegar, and pick- Numex Big Jim ling. Very hot whether #46507 Pkt $2.75 Hungarian Wax Records as the largest hot pepper! Good yields green or red. Dries easily. Jalapeño ® 72 days. OG even under hot dry conditions. Ripe fruits #46512 Pkt (0.20 g) Serrano (green > red) The classic hold well on the plants. #46520 Pkt $2.95; $2.75; #46512B (3 g) Tampiqueño salsa chile. Medium-hot #46520B (3 g) $7.50 $7.50 1½ × 2½ in. thick- walled peppers usually Potatoes pg. 83; harvested green, but Radishes Raphanus sativus can be left to mature to Sweet Potatoes pg. 84. red, or removed from Culture: Sow seed in spring as soon as the soil can be worked. Successive sowings can be made through May, and again in late summer. Hot, dry weather hastens the plants to redden Jalapeño indoors. (A chipotle is bolting and causes the roots to become strong-flavored and woody. Sow seeds 3/4 in. apart, ½ in. deep a smoked red jalapeño.) in rows 8–12 in. apart and thin to 1½ in. apart. Maintain adequate soil moisture. Harvest: Harvest A teaspoon of jalapeño vinegar is excellent salad-type radishes when small, when roots are about the same diameter as a quarter. Storage: Store seasoning for bean soups. Jalapeños filled with in plastic bags or containers in the refrigerator. Seed Savers: Isolate a minimum of 1/8 mile for home cream cheese and fried are a Southern specialty. use. For pure seed isolate from wild and cultivated radishes by a minimum of ¼ to ½ mile. Packet: 7 #46508 Pkt $2.50; #46508B (3 g) $5.50 g (about 625 seeds), sows 35 ft.

ew aloro alapeño Winter Storage Radishes N ! J J Cherry Belle ® OG OG S 65 days. (yellow ® 24 days. [1949, Culture: Sow 5–10 weeks before first fall frost. > orange > red) [1992, AAS winner.] Round Thin to wider spacing (4–6 in. apart) than Texas A&M.] Big yields of roots, bright red skin, regular radishes. Harvest before temperatures colorful yellow Jalapeño, and firm white flesh. drop below 20°F. Trimmed roots can store 2–3 peppers, one of the best Somewhat less sus- months in the refrigerator or root cellar. These in our 2018 jalapeño ceptible to developing radishes are daylength-sensitive and should trials. 1½ x 2 in. fruits Jaloro pithiness compared to not be sown in spring. Packet: 4 g (about 350 are juicy with thick walls. other varieties. Our seeds), sows 20 ft. Medium hot fruits, mild- sweetest spring radish. er than our regular Jalapeño. Shorter plants than Black Spanish Round OG #28103 Pkt $2.50; Cherry Belle ® our regular Jalapeño – a good container variety! #28103E (28 g) 6 53 days [Pre-1824.] – with bigger early harvests. Resistant to many $5.50 Round roots grows 3–4 in. or diseases including TMV. #46529 Pkt $2.75 larger in diameter. Firm, white Easter Egg ® ® OG flesh and thin, nearly-black Jasmyn Rissie OG S 24 days. Colorful skin. Very hardy, an excellent (C. baccatum) 62 days. mix of purple, red, winter keeper. Flesh is crisp (pale green > red) A de- Black Spanish and white round and pungent. #28102 Pkt Round lightful little pepper with radishes. Longer har- $2.50 lots of sweetness, intense, vesting period thanks fruity pepper flavor, and Daikon, Miyashige White OG to the variety of types. ® mild heat. The heat seems #28951 Pkt $2.75 (Raphanus sativus var. longip- to us to be even more Jasmyn Rissie innatu) 65 days. [Originating concentrated in the ribs Sparkler White from Asia, daikon (pronounced ® and seeds than with other hot pepper varieties. Tip OG 24 days. Easter Egg “dye-con”) is the Japanese word for Oblong to oblate, lantern-shaped fruits, about Bicolored globes, radish.] Juicy and flavorful, can 11 × 11 in., on 4-ft. plants. The most loved bright scarlet on the be used fresh in salads, cooked pepper in our 2016 pepper taste test. Similar to upper portion, and white in vegetable dishes, pickled, used Peppadew. Collected in Hartbeespoort, South on the lower third. Medium in kimchi, or grated and mixed Africa. #46527 Pkt $2.75 tops and sweet, white flesh. with ginger and soy sauce to #28108 Pkt $2.50 ® make a dip. Usually harvested Lombok OG S when 12 in. long and 2–3 in. 6 90 days. (green White Icicle OG ® 6 in diameter, though it will grow > orange > red) (Lady Finger) 29 much larger! #28201 Pkt $2.95; [Heirloom from a food days. [Pre-1865.] Miyashige #28201E (28 g) $7.75 White Daikon market in Yogyakar- Mild-flavored, white, Sparkler White Tip ta, Indonesia.] An carrot-shaped roots Misato Rose OG S ® excellent hot drying up to 4–5 in. long. 60 days. Our favorite fall pepper with great Best harvested small, but radish. Green and white taste and rich color. remains milder than other skin, rose and white flesh. Fruits measure 1 varieties when harvested Beautiful when sliced or in. at the shoulder Lombok large. Stands heat well. One grated for salads. Round and taper to 5–6 of our favorites. Gardeners roots up to 5 in. Very in. long. The lower third of the fruit is without growing this for the first time forgiving crop – unlike heat and may be eaten like a sweet pepper. The are often pleasantly surprised many radishes, this one will Misato Rose best of our dried hot pepper trials. 42 in. plants. by this good variety. #28106 still bulb properly even if #46515 Pkt $2.75; #46515B (3 g) $6.50 Pkt $2.50; #28106E (28 g) crowded or thinned late. $5.50 White Icicle #28109 Pkt $2.95; #28109E (28g) $8.50

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Peppers, Radishes 43 Rhubarb Rheum rhabarbarum Squash, Zucchini, & Pumpkins Cucurbita spp. Culture: Culture of squash and pumpkins is similar to that of cantaloupe and cucumber, which are also members of the squash family. Squash and pumpkins require warm days and warm nights to mature properly. Sow seeds ½ to 1 in. deep. Bush varieties should be spaced 18–30 in. apart in rows 4 ft. apart, or 6–8 seeds per hill, in hills 4 ft. apart. Vining varieties are planted in rows or hills 6–8 ft. apart. Keep soil moisture high by mulching. Seed Watering Notes: See Cucumbers section. Transplanting Notes: See Cucumbers section. Fruit Set: Flowers may not set fruit in exceptionally hot weather. Plant out winter squash early enough so that fruit will already be forming when high heat arrives. Harvesting Summer Squash: Harvest crooknecks and zucchini when 6–8 in. long. Culture: Rhubarb grows well in the Mid-At- Zucchinis will grow large enough to become “attack zucchinis” if you don’t keep them harvested. lantic. In the South, rhubarb can be grown in Yellow squash are the easiest to find when harvesting! Harvesting Winter Squash: Winter squash is partial shade (ideally on north-facing slopes). ready for harvest when the rind loses its shiny luster, becomes duller, can no longer be dented by a Losing up to 25% of plants over the course fingernail, and when stems have dried. Harvest by cutting stems 1 in. above the fruit (leave stems on, of a Southern summer is normal; to fill in squash will store better). Do not allow fruits to become frosted. Store at 45–60°F and maintain good gaps, divide up and replant roots in the fall/ air circulation. Culinary: All squash seeds can be eaten. Diseases: Squash is affected by downy and winter, or plant new seedlings in the spring. powdery mildew, and bacterial wilt. (See Cucumbers section.) To prevent blossom-end rot, maintain Deep South summers are too hot for growing an even supply of moisture. Insect Pests: See Cucumber section for notes on cucumber beetles. For rhubarb. Rhubarb prefers a soil pH of 6.2–6.8 vine borers, mix charcoal into soil just before planting to reduce their numbers. For small varieties and good levels of phosphorus, potassium, and another strategy is to pinch growing tip(s) when vines are 1–2 ft. long. This creates multiple vines, organic matter; avoid planting in very sandy increasing odds of escaping borer damage. Use pyrethrum or sabadilla to control cucumber beetles soils. Plant 2–3 ft. apart in rows 3–5 ft. apart. and squash bugs. Destroy eggs of squash bug by hand, or deposit eggs in a jar of soapy water. To trap Mulch plants and regularly irrigate them during squash bugs, place boards around base of plants. Squash bugs will hide under the boards at night the summer. Break off any flowering stalks back and can be collected in the morning. Vine borers can be cut out of stems by making a cut along the to the ground so that the plant’s energy goes length of the stem and removing larvae of the borers. Some additional protection from borers may into producing stems. Harvesting: Rhubarb be obtained by applying rotenone around the base of the plant. Keeping plants under row cover leaves are poisonous – only the stems are edible. until flowering extends plant survival. For non-resistant varieties of squash a succession of plant- Wait until the second year to harvest stems ings may be required. Use resistant varieties, like Tromboncino, where possible, or substitute edible from plants started from seed. Mature plants gourds. Seed Savers: There are 4 species of pumpkins and squash. Species is listed in parentheses can be harvested twice a week for 6–8 weeks in beside the name of each variety. Crossing occurs easily within a species and rarely between species. the spring. Harvest 1/3-½ of the stems, leaving Isolate varieties of the same species by a minimum of 1/8 mile if you save seed for home use. Pure at least 5 stems still growing. Harvest stems by seed requires hand pollination or a minimum isolation of ¼ to 1 mile, depending on planting size. pulling and twisting at the same time. Can also Summer Squash Packet: 3–4 g (about 25–59 seeds, average 35 seeds) Winter Squash Packet: 2–6 be harvested lightly in the fall, or heavily right g (about 22–47 seeds, average 31 seeds). before first fall frost (the tops die back after frost, so help yourself before the stems will die Squash Species Guide (Summer Squash, Summer Squash & Zucchini off anyway). Packet: 0.60 g (about 45 seeds). Zucchini, Winter Squash & Pumpkins) Benning’s Green Tint OG ® 6 (C. pepo) Victoria 6[1837, Cucurbita pepo Most zucchini and summer 52 days. [~1914.] One of the most beauti- English variety squash are of this species. Winter squash ful and hardy varieties of Patty Pan squash. named for Queen varieties do not store well and are best eaten Saucer-shaped fruits with scalloped edges and Victoria; popular within a few months of harvest, but also need pale-green, fine-textured flesh of good flavor. variety still widely less time curing to sweeten up. Best planted in Harvest when small. #53115 Pkt (4 g, ~42 grown commercially.] monthly successions throughout the summer seeds) $2.50 30–36 in. red-green due to vine borer susceptibility. If you have stems, select plants trouble growing these squash, try luffa gourds Cocozelle Italian OG for the largest and or Tromboncino summer squash as a substitute ® 6 (C. pepo) 59 days. thickest stems. for zucchini. [Pre-1934.] This Italian #34101 Pkt $3.25 Victoria C. maxima Often quite large-growing, this zucchini is long and species generally keeps well in storage, from a cylindrical. Young fruits few months to a year or more, depending on the are dark green with light- green stripes and the flesh Salsify Tragopogon porrifolius variety. Fine-textured flesh and very good flavor. May be tender and sensitive to wilt, as well as is greenish-white and firm. Fruits grow 10–12 in. long vine borers and other insect pests. These are a Cocozelle Italian good choice where nights are cool. and become yellow when mature, but best quality C. moschata Excellent keepers, with flavorful, when harvested at 6–8 in. long. #53116 Pkt (3 sweet flesh that is often fragrant. Well-suited for g, ~33 seeds) $2.75 pies and cakes, though they are often just baked or boiled. Good resistance to vine borers and Costata Romanes- cucumber beetles once the plants are beyond the ca OG ® 6 (C. seedling stage. During the growing season, these pepo) 62 days. This Italian heirloom Sandwich Island Mammoth plants need night temperatures above 60°F to grow well. zucchini is favored for flavor. Fruits andwich sland ammoth ® 6 C. mixta (C. argyrosperma) A traditional South- S I M OG S 120 remain tender days. [Pre-1900.] Easy-to-grow roots, 1–1½ ern crop, though their popularity has dimin- ished. The somewhat coarse flesh is typically not even at 18 in.; best in. wide by 8 in. long. Sow in spring, seeds 1 picked at 12 in. Heavily in. apart, in rows 12–18 in. apart, thinning to as sweet as maximas and moschatas, though it is well-suited to savory dishes or may be sweet- ribbed fruits are striped 3–4 in. apart. Roots have an oyster-like flavor with alternating light (some say scallop-like or artichoke-like). Best ened. Many are grown for the large, flavorful seeds, perfect for roasting. Like moschatas, they and dark green shades. harvested after frost, roots keep well in ground. Hardy vines grow larger Use stewed, baked, or in a cream sauce. #63101 have good resistance to vine borers and cucum- ber beetles. Excellent drought tolerance. than other summer Pkt (3 g, ~185 seeds) $3.25 squash. #53120 Pkt (3 g, ~19 seeds) $2.75; Costata Romanesca 44 Rhubarb, Salsify, Squash www.SouthernExposure.com #53120E (28 g) $8.50 Cucuzzi – see Culinary Gourds, p. 22. Tromboncino OG S ® 6 (C. moschata) 60 days. Winter Squash Early Golden Summer [Italian heirloom.] Light rookneck ® 6 C OG S green fruits grow long, Growing instructions & species (Early Yellow Summer curving to a bell at one end. information on previous page. Crookneck, Dwarf Summer Vining plants can be grown Crookneck) (C. pepo) 50 on a trellis. Harvest at 8–10 days. [Native American variety in. long when the flavor is Bush Varieties dating to before European fine and sweet. Vigorous contact. It was commonly grown moschata plants can bear all Tromboncino in Appalachia.] Picked at season in areas where insects 5–6 in., the fruit is a bright are a problem for other summer squash. If left golden yellow with a curved to mature, skin will ripen to tan like a butter- neck, creamy white flesh, and Early Golden nut squash. Grower Richard Moyer notes that excellent flavor. #53121 Pkt Summer the male squash blossoms sell well at market! (3 g, ~52 seeds) $2.95 Crookneck #53607 Pkt (3 g, ~29 seeds) $2.95 Early Prolific Yellow Crookneck OG Straightneck OG ® 6 ® 6 (C. pepo) 55 days. Burpee’s Butterbush (C. pepo) 48 [~1700.] Yellow, bulb- days. [1938, AAS shaped fruit with a nar- Yellow winner.] Straight, row, curved neck. Skin Crookneck Burpee’s Butterbush OG S ® (C. moscha- lemon-yellow, becomes bumpy and ta) 86 days. [1978.] Earlier and smaller than slightly club-shaped warted on large fruits. Waltham Butternut, but even better tasting. fruits. Harvest Best eaten when fruits A space-saving variety for small gardens: most small, when 3–7 in. Early Prolific are no longer than 6 in. plants are bush-like, some have short runners. long. Quality of the Straightneck A consistently popular 11 lb. fruits with sweet orange flesh, average flesh is excellent. variety. #53102 Pkt (4 g, 3–6 fruits per plant. (Not downy mildew resis- Plants are very ~56 seeds) $2.50 tant in summer 2013.) #53615 Pkt (3 g, ~43 vigorous, hardy, and productive. #53101 Pkt (4 seeds) $2.95; #53615E (28 g, ~54 seeds) $2.50; #53101E (28 g) $5.50 Zapallo del Tronco OG S g) $9.25 53 days. (C. maxima) Rare Table Queen Bush arly hite ush callop 6 E W B S OG S (White Argentinian maxima-type Table Queen Bush OG Patty Pan) (C. pepo) 54 days. [Pre-1722.] (Acorn) summer squash. Light Zapallo del Tronco (C. pepo) 80 days. White-fleshed fruits are whitish-green ripening green fruits have a [1948.] Space-saving version to white. Fruits average 6–7 in. in diameter by 3 uniquely sweet, rich texture. of Table Queen (see descrip- in. tall. Very productive. #53103 Pkt (3 g, ~35 Harvest smooth, round fruits at 2-4 in. Squash tion on next page). Averages seeds) $2.75; #53103E (28 g) $8.50 bugs and squash vine borers make it hard to 5 fruits per plant. #53108 Pkt (3 g, ~24 seeds) $2.50 Golden Bush Scallop mature maxima winter squash in the Southeast, OG S ® 6 (C. pepo) but with this one, we at least get to enjoy some 68 days. Golden-yel- great summer squash for a while! #53308 Pkt (5 low, plump, Patty-Pan g, ~29 seeds) $3.25; #53308E (28 g) $9.75 Vining Varieties fruits on space-saving Zucchini, Black Beauty (C. bush plants. Prolifc OG Buttercup, Burgess OG 6 pepo) 48 days. [1957, AAS winner.] (C. maxima) 100 days. [1932.] and hardy, the plants Fruits are dark green, turning black bear continuously over This Burgess strain of Buttercup green as fruit matures. Plants are Black is noted for its thick, fine- a long season. Downy semi-spineless, semi-upright, with mildew resistant. Har- Beauty grained flesh and excellent an open growth habit. Flesh is white flavor. Fruits are flattened tur- vest fruits when 4–5 in. with small seed cavity. Freezes well. across. Use boiled, fried bans, approximately 4½ × 6½ Note: Our observations over several in., weighing 4–5 lbs. Rinds or stir-fried. Matures 2 seasons indicate that Black Beauty weeks later than other are dark green with slight ribs Golden Bush attracts squash bugs much more and a “button” on the blossom Burgess varieties, but flavor is Scallop than other varieties and we have Buttercup superior. #53104 Pkt end. #53301 Pkt (5 g, ~29 seeds) used it successfully as a trap plant for $2.50 (3 g, ~41 seeds) $2.75; hand-picking squash bugs. #53105 #53104E (28 g) $8.50 Seed grown and stew- Pkt (4 g, ~29 seeds) $2.75 arded by Twin Oaks Seed Farm in Louisa, VA. Zucchini, Dark Green OG ® (C. pepo) 50 days. Lemon Squash OG ® 6 Mottled dark green fruits with pale green flesh. S (C. pepo) A vigorous, productive bush variety with early 50 days. Bright concentrated yields. #53106 Pkt (4 g, ~28 yellow fruits look seeds) $2.75 like lemons! Very prolific. Delicious Zucchini, Grey OG S ® (Ten- when eaten young der Grey) (C. pepo) 42 days. Candy Roaster Melon while the skin is Small to medium zucchini, tender and the seeds often still tender at 18 in., are small. Tasty with gray-green mottled skin. Candy Roaster Melon OG S 6(C. maxima) and attractive for Small-seeded with extended 112 days. [Appalachian heirloom from western farmers markets as Lemon keeping quality. Long harvest NC.] 6–30 lb. squash with great flavor. Pink- well as the home period. Excellent flavor and ish-orange fruits with some blue-green color. garden. Some fruit texture; we’ve added “Tender Ribbed pumpkin shape, big vines. #53302 Pkt shape variability. Good pest resistance: plants are Grey” to the name to try to (5 g, ~18 seeds) $3.25 more likely to outlast the bugs and sprawl a bit. get this deserving variety some Grey Zucchini #53124 Pkt (3 g) $2.95 more attention! #53107 Pkt Winter Squash continues (3 g, ~25 seeds) $2.95 on the next page. ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic 45 North Georgia Sweet Meat Squash 6 (C. Winter Squash Continued Candy Roaster OG S maxima) This excellent 12–15 6(C. maxima) 100 lb squash has a slate green skin days. [Early 1900s and orange flesh. Flesh has Appalachian Thanks- a dry texture and a buttery giving feasts included flavor that sweetens with age. “candy roaster pie” Excellent keeper. Thanks to its instead of pumpkin North Georgia tender dry texture, can sub- Sweet Meat pie.] Rare heirloom Candy Roaster stitute for summer squash in variety. Banana-shaped cooked foods. #53606 Pkt fruits are up to 18 in. long and 6 in. wide, pink (4 g, ~13 seeds) $2.50 Candystick Dessert Delicata with blue tips. Smooth, delicious orange flesh. #53304 Pkt (5 g, ~17 seeds) $3.25; #53304E Table Queen Vine OG 6 (Acorn) (C. pepo) 85 Delicata, Candystick Dessert OG S (C. pepo) (28 g) $8.75 98 days. [Bred by Carol Deppe and Nate France.] days. [1913. The precursor Pennsylvania Dutch Larger and sweeter than other delicatas, 2–3 lb. of this variety was grown Crookneck S ® 6 by the Arikara Indian tribe Table Queen Vine fruits have orange-tan skin with green stripes. (C. moschata) 102 days. Very sweet, dry flesh, bred to be a squash that in the early 1800s.] Acorn [PA Heirloom.] Similar squash, averages 6 in. long. you can serve up for dessert, with flavor “rem- to butternuts, but with iniscent of Medjool dates!” #53123 Pkt (2 g, Dark-green rind, fine tex- ~31 seeds) $2.75; #53123E (28 g) $9.50 much longer necks. Tan tured, golden-yellow flesh. skin and deep orange Sweetens in storage. Excel- Delicata Zeppelin OG S flesh with great flavor. lent for baking. #53109 Pkt Seeds are in the bulb Pennsylvania Dutch (3 g, ~34 seeds) $2.50 (C. pepo) 97 days. [Frank Crookneck Morton] One of the end of the squash, so Tahitian Melon ® sweetest winter squashes slicing up the long OG S we offer. Cream-colored neck is fast and easy work in the kitchen. Vigor- (C. moschata) 120 days. skin has dark-green ous vines, impressive yields even in 2013’s cold, Long-necked butternut stripes. 2 lb oblong wet summer. Good keepers. #53618 Pkt (3 g, type has one of the fruits, 10 × 3 in. Semi- ~35 seeds) $2.75 highest sugar contents of bush vines yield up any winter squash. The South Anna But- to 8 fruits per plant. sweet, fine-textured neck ternut ® #53117 Pkt (2 g, ~32 OG S (C. flesh is excellent for pies seeds) $2.75 moschata) 100 days. A and soups. Large (10–20 new Downy Mildew lb) fruits keep well for Green-Striped Cushaw Delicata Zeppelin resistant butternut 9+ months. #53613 Pkt OG S ® 6 (Striped developed by Edmund (3 g, ~27 seeds) $2.75 Tahitian Melon Crookneck) C. argyrosper- Frost of Common Thelma Sanders’ Sweet ma) 110 days. [Pre-1893, Wealth Seed Growers. Potato 6 possibly pre-1860. Cushaws Stemming from a OG (C. pepo) 96 came from the West Indies, 2011 cross between days. [Family heirloom from earlier than 1700.] This Seminole Pumpkin Thelma Sanders in Adair bulb-shaped squash is a and Waltham Butter- County, MD. Introduced reliable producer and the nut, the final stages of 1988 by SESE.] Acorn-type most popular of its class. selection are ongoing. squash up to 6 in. long. Large, vigorous vines are Expect excellent DM Ripens from cream to light resistant to squash vine resistance, productivity gold. Lighter squash color South Anna helps prevent sunscald in borer and downy mildew. and keeping quality, Butternut as well as rich sweet Deep South. Thick, golden Thelma Sanders’ Fruits average 10–12 lbs, Sweet Potato about 18 in. long, and 10 flavor. Immature fruits yellow flesh with fine in. wide at the bowl. Not a are mostly dark green. These ones take longer to texture and superb flavor. turn fully tan, but when they do you can be sure Sweetens in storage. Great vigor in VABF’s 2009 good keeper. Whitish-green #53111 (2 g, ~34 seeds) $2.75 skin with mottled green that they are ripe. South Anna will avoid the squash trials. stripes. Thick, light yel- Green-Striped crop failure that can occur in years when DM Upper Ground Sweet low flesh is slightly sweet Cushaw comes early, and provide higher, better quality Potato S ® 6 (C. moscha- and medium-coarse. yields in years with average DM pressure. Can ta) 100 days. [Appalachian Fine for pies and baking. be planted late, allowing for later harvests that heirloom from KY. Introduced The mashed squash is great when fried with sa- will keep better into the winter and spring. 1988 by SESE.] Vigorous vory herbs. #53501 Pkt (4 g, ~18 seeds) $2.95 #53621 Pkt (3 g, ~23 seeds) $3.50; #53621D vines, hardy and productive (14 g) $11.50 even in drought. Resembles Mrs. Amerson’s ® S a butternut squash without 6 (C. moschata) 110 Spaghetti Squash OG 6 days. 5-9 lb. squash (Vegetable Spaghetti) (C. the neck. The yellow-orange to orange flesh is sweet and with great flavor, bakes pepo) 90 days. 9 in. pale Upper Ground yellow fruits. Keeps well. similar to butternut. #53614 quickly despite its Pkt (3 g) $2.75 Sweet Potato size. Tan skin, orange Pale flesh breaks up into flesh. Two different spaghetti-like strands Waltham Butternut OG ® shapes make up the when cooked – boil (C. moschata) 95 days. [1970, AAS winner.] Very variety: one slightly fruit for 20–30 minutes vigorous and dependable. Fruits average 8–9 bell-shaped, the other and remove flesh with in. long, 3–4 lbs, and have buff-colored skin, flatter. Favorite of a fork. Tasty flesh may and fine-textured, sweet, orange flesh. Can be our 2009 heirloom be used like spaghetti, harvested when small and used like a summer moschata trials. Mrs. Amerson’s topped with your favorite squash. Excellent resistance to vine borers. Stores #53612 Pkt (3 g, ~28 sauce – a good low- very well. #53601 Pkt (4 g, ~49 seeds) $2.50; seeds) $2.75 carb option! #53110 Spaghetti Squash #53601E (28 g) $5.50 Pkt (4 g, ~25 seeds) 46 Squash $2.50 www.SouthernExposure.com Rouge Vif d’Étampes OG 6 (Cinderella) (C. maxima) 120 days. [First available in the US in 1883. “Rouge Vif” is French for “deep red.”] Beautiful, rich orange pumpkin with deep ribs and a flattened shape. Tan Cheese Good for pies. 12–35 lb Waltham Butternut (previous page) fruits. #53305 Pkt (5 g, Tan Cheese OG S ® 6 (C. moschata) 110 ~18 seeds) $2.75 days. [Pre-1824, one of the oldest varieties culti- Waltham Butternut, vated.] Cheese pumpkins are hardy, productive, eminole ® 6 Virginia Select S ® S OG S and superior to most field pumpkins. Smooth, (C. moschata) 95 days. Rouge Vif (C. moschata) 95 days. d’Étampes tan skin, moderately deep ribs, and deep orange [Introduced 2008 by [Cultivated in Florida by sweet flesh. Good keepers. 8 in. high fruits SESE.] Virginia grower the Native Americans in weigh 6–12 lbs. #53605 Pkt (4 g, ~23 seeds) Barbara Kling started this the 1500s.] Keeps $2.75; #53605E (28 g) $8.50 selection back in the ‘70s, up to 1 year at room and her son Carl contin- temperature! Small Thai Kang Kob ues the work, selecting fruits are sweeter OG S ® 6 (C. for shorter necks and for Waltham than Butternut and moschata) 110 squash that can keep up Butternut, have firm, deep-or- days. [Thai variety.] to a year! One of the best Virginia Select ange flesh. Large High yields of flat- performers in Twin Oaks vines bear bell- tened, ribbed 6–8 Seeds’ 2012 butternut shaped buff-colored lb. fruits turning trials. #53608 Pkt (3 g, ~34 seeds) $2.95; fruits averaging 6 from green to tan #53608D (14 g) $7.75 in. in diameter. Resis- in storage. Thin, tant to vine borers. edible skins make Excellent downy peeling unneces- mildew resistance; a sary. Appealing Pumpkins good choice for hot, Seminole flavor, stronger Pumpkin is the word used to describe a pump- humid, disease-prone than most moscha- areas. Give it ample water and room to roam. kin-shaped squash, but there are many colors, ta squash. Excellent Thai Kang Kob sizes, and types of pumpkins in the different squash Also good as a summer squash when picked Downy mildew species. Generally, Hallowe’en pumpkins for carving young. #53604 Pkt (3 g, ~28 seeds) $2.95 resistance. One of are pepo types. The best-flavored pumpkins are Seed grown and stewarded by Living Energy the best in our 2013 moschata trials. #53617 maxima and moschata types.The most bug-resistant Farm in Louisa, VA. Pkt (3 g, ~29 seeds) $2.75 pumpkins are moschata types. Seminole, Larger Fruited Thai Rai Kaw Tok OG S ® 6 (C. moschata) S ® 6 (C. moschata) 105 120 days. [Thai variety.] Very high yields of at- Big Max OG days. [Strain selected by NC tractive flattened, ribbed, speckled 5-12 lb fruits. (C. maxima) grower Dan Zipple. Intro- Green and tan at maturity, turning increasingly 115 days. Extra duced 2014 by SESE.] An in- tan in storage. Thin, edible skins make peeling large pumpkin teresting strain of Seminole, unnecessary. Seeds are especially easy to scoop often grown with fruits up to 8–9 lbs., out and to separate for roasting. Rich, slightly for county fairs along with Seminole’s usual Larger-Fruited spicy taste well-suited to Asian cooking. Very and Hallowe’en. vigor. Alabama grower Tim Seminole good Downy Mildew resistance, great yields in Weighs up to 100 Fields measured a vine up to our 2013 moschata squash trials. #53619 Pkt lbs. or more when Big Max 36 ft. long! #53610 Pkt (3 g, ~31 seeds) $2.75 (~23 seeds) $2.95 well grown. Bright orange fruits with orange flesh Winter Luxury Pie OG S 6(C. pepo) 100 good for pies. #53303 Pkt (6 g, days. [1893, improved and popularized by Gill ~22 seeds) $2.75 Brothers Seeds by 1917.] Deep orange and slightly netted with sweet, tender flesh. Fruits Connecticut Field OG 6 are 6½ in. tall, 8 in. wide, average 6½ lbs. In (Big Tom, Yankee Cow Pump- The Compleat Squash, kin) (C. pepo) 110 days. [Pre- author Amy Goldman 1700 cultivar of Native American says, “Winter Luxury Winter origin.] Still the most popular Pie makes the smooth- Luxury Pie variety of large Hallowe’en est and most velvety pumpkins. 15–20 lbs fruits are pumpkin pie I’ve ever bright orange, slightly ribbed, Connecticut Field had.” #53152 Pkt (4 g, and vary in shape and size. Good ~34 seeds) $2.95 for canning, baking, and pies. #53113 Pkt (4 g, ~20 seeds) $2.75 Small Sugar OG 6 (New Old-Fashioned Tennessee Vining England Pie, Sugar Pump- Pumpkin S ® 6 (C. moschata) kin) (C. pepo) 100 days. [Introduced 1988 by SESE.] Oval- [Pre-1860.] A traditional shaped pumpkin, 12–15 lbs., skin favorite of home gardeners. ripens to tan. Deep orange flesh. Sweet dry flesh is high in Thinner shell makes this the easiest solids and low in stringi- moschata-type pumpkin to carve ness. Round orange fruits for Hallowe’en. Vines are resistant Old-Fashioned weigh 6–8 lbs. #53114 Pkt to squash vine borer. #53603 Pkt Tennessee Vining (4 g, ~34 seeds) $2.50; (3 g, ~28 seeds) $2.75 Pumpkin #53114E (28 g) $5.50 Small Sugar Sweet Potatoes pg. 84.

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Squash, Pumpkins 47 Tomatoes Dwarf Tomatoes Red Tomatoes Solanum lycopersicum The Dwarf Tomato Project is an international group Abraham Lincoln OG Culture: Sow seeds 6 weeks before the last of tomato enthusiasts devoted to breeding short S ® 6 (Early Abra- frost date for your area. Plant seed 1 in. deep tomato varieties with great flavor. ham Lincoln) 70 days. in shallow flats and maintain soil temperature Dwarf Emerald Giant (ab, asc) (Indetermi- in the range of 75–85°F for good germination. S ® 77 days. (Dwarf nate) [The original When the seedlings have produced several Indeterminate) [2011, Abraham Lincoln was leaves, transplant to 3 in. pots to promote root Dwarf Tomato Project.] Tasty, bright green fruits, a late-maturing variety growth. After transplanting, keep seedlings 6-16 oz; some fruits have a pink blushing on introduced about 1923. at a lower temperature at night, 50–60°F, to the bottom when ripe. (If unsure, feel the fruits This early season selec- promote earlier flowering in some varieties. Day – ripe ones will be soft!) One of the tastiest and tion (circa 1975) ripens temperatures should rise to 75–85°F to promote most disease-resistant dwarfs in Craig LeHoulli- 10–12 days earlier, has rapid growth. Expose plants to light and air er’s 2015 trials. 2-4 ft. tall plants, rugose foliage. smaller fruit, and does Abraham Lincoln currents to harden the plants and to encourage #49256 Pkt $2.95 not have the bronze- stockiness. Water sparingly, but do not allow the green foliage characteristic growth to be checked. Fertilize with complete, Geranium of the original.] Flavor is slightly acidic and soluble fertilizer or fish emulsion if leaves Kiss OG S distinctive. Plants have excellent resistance to become yellow and/or purple. Keep phos- ® 68 days. foliage disease – highly recommended where phorous levels high. Too much nitrogen will (Dwarf foliage disease is a problem. Medium-sized, red delay fruiting. For transplanting to the garden, Indetermi- fruits are very uniform. #49101 Pkt $2.75; average soil temperature should be 60–65°F. nate) [Alan #49101A (1.5 g) $6.50 Spacing: Staked plants should be spaced 24 in. Kapuler] Massive clus- Atkinson OG S ® 70 apart. Caged plants should be spaced 36–48 days. (Indeterminate) in. apart in rows 60 in. apart. Diseases: Plant ters of ½-4 oz. red fruits (fw1,rkn,gls) [Introduced disease-resistant varieties for a sustained harvest. 1966 for hot humid areas Leaf blight diseases such as early blight and with pointed blossom ends by Alabama’s Auburn U.] alternaria begin to appear about mid-July, and Geranium Kiss An excellent producer of plants are more susceptible once fruit produc- borne high on stocky 6–10 oz flattened globu- tion begins. To reduce disease problems, use lar red fruit on vigorous resistant or tolerant varieties and rotate tomatoes 1½-4 ft. plants. A great container variety. Late Blight resistant. #49259 Pkt (0.08 g) $2.95 plants with heavy foliage. to different parts of the garden each year, using Medium fruits keep well, a 4-year rotation. Mulching and caging/staking Rosella Purple OG S meaty with good color plants helps prevent disease. Fusarium wilt (race ® 65 days. (Dwarf and flavor. #49212 Pkt Atkinson 1), a disease caused by a soil fungus, is com- Indeterminate) $2.75; #49212A (1.5 g) mon in the Mid-Atlantic region during mid- to [Dwarf Tomato Proj- $6.50 late-season. Fusarium races 1 and 2 are present ect.] Similar to Cher- in southern regions. Where Fusarium wilt is okee Purple for great Brandywine OTV See present a 6-year rotation or use of resistant vari- flavor and 6–10 oz. OTV Brandywine. eties is recommended. Do not plant eggplants, deep-purple fruits, peppers, or potatoes in wilt-infested soil during Costoluto Fiorentino but on shorter OG S ® 6 83 days the rotation period. Avoid planting tomatoes plants suitable for near walnut trees to avoid “walnut wilt.” Early (Indeterminate) [Italian container gardening. heirloom from the Tuscany blight and anthracnose are common in the Productive 36 in. Mid-Atlantic region, and are favored by hot, region.] One of the most plants need some heat tolerant and produc- Costoluto humid conditions. Late blight is more common staking to keep up- Fiorentino in inland regions at higher elevations, especially tive varieties in a 2011 U. right and to prevent Rosella Purple of Georgia trial. Also did well during the spring and fall. Blossom-end rot is sunscald. Fruits have prevented by ensuring an adequate level of soil in Virginia in 2013’s cool, wet summer. 8–12 few seeds. Rugose oz. red, deeply lobed fruits. Richly flavorful calcium and steady moisture. Pests: Tomatoes foliage. #49250 Pkt $3.25 planted in healthy soil will generally have few for sauces and stuffers, or just slice them up! #49251 Pkt $2.75 severe pest problems. Foliage: Many heirlooms New! Summer Sweet are “potato-leafed” – their leaves look like those Gold OG S ® 79 of potatoes. Some folks think these larger leaves days. (Dwarf Indeter- Determinate vs. Indeterminate: Determinate improve fruit flavor and aide pest control. minate) [2015, Dwarf Tomato Project.] When varieties are short-vined plants that may not Flavor: Type of fertilizer used has an effect on we visited Craig LeHoullier’s dwarf tomato need staking, though yields will be much better flavor. Highly flavored tomatoes are sometimes trials in 2015, this was one of our favorites for if plants are staked. Indeterminate varieties are subject to “off flavors” under certain growing taste and plant vigor. Medium to large yellow long-vined plants that bear fruit continuously. conditions. Avoid placing freshly harvested flattened fruits, great flavor. Rugose foliage. These varieties should be caged or staked. Some tomatoes in the refrigerator because refrigeration #49257 Pkt $2.95 varieties are semi-determinate. Mulching: Too will destroy much of the delicate flavor. Toma- much mulch on the soil in the spring may delay toes are best stored at a temperature above 50°F. Culture of Greenhouse Tomatoes: Green- growth by preventing soil temperature from Seed Savers: Isolate varieties of L. lycopersicon by house-grown tomatoes require pollination for rising enough to support active root growth. a minimum of 35 ft. for home use and 75–150 good fruit set. Vibrate the blossom clusters In June, apply a deep mulch around plants to ft. for pure seed. Isolate varieties of L. pimpinel- with an electric toothbrush or tap them with a conserve moisture, prevent disease, and increase lifolium from all other tomatoes by a minimum pencil. Daytime temperature should not exceed yield. Yield: Too much nitrogen after transplant- of 150 ft. Maturation: Days to maturity are 90°F, and night temperatures should drop below ing will delay flowering. High levels of phospho- the number of days after transplanting. Packet: 70°F, but not lower than 55°F. Optimum night rus are necessary to produce good yields. Pruning Seed size varies considerably. 0.16 g unless oth- temperature is 59–68°F. At 40°F some tomato and staking increase early fruiting at the expense erwise stated (about 40–83 seeds, depending on varieties show tissue damage not readily visible. of yield. Indeterminate varieties may be pruned variety, average 64 seeds) sows 100 ft. Seeds/oz: Greenhouse Pests: Greenhouse tomato pests if necessary. Pruning of determinate varieties 7,000–15,000 seeds/oz (average 11,500) sows such as whiteflies, mealybugs, aphids, and spider should be kept to a minimum. For largest yields, 11–21 acres of transplants at 24 in. spacing in mites can be controlled with insecticidal soap up cages 21 ft. wide by 5 ft. tall are recommended rows 60 in. apart. to one day before harvest. Whiteflies, winged- for indeterminate varieties. aphids, and leafminers are attracted to and 48 Tomatoes trapped by sticky-yellow traps. www.SouthernExposure.com Delicious S 77 days. (cr) (Indeterminate) Illini Star OG S ® [Introduced by Burpee after years of selection from 65 days. (Indetermi- Extra-Early Red Tomatoes Beefsteak.] Large, meaty beefsteak-type toma- nate) [Developed by IL Glacier OG S ® 58 toes, most 1–2 lbs; a 73/4 lb fruit held the world’s grower Merlyn Niedens.] days. (Determinate) record for largest tomato for almost 30 years! Produces heavy crops of Unlike other extra-ear- Relatively free of defects for a large-fruited to- 6–8 oz fruits on 4–6 ft. ly varieties, produces mato. Red, meaty flesh with small seed cavities. plants. Deep red toma- both an early crop and #49110 Pkt $2.75 toes have excellent flavor continues to bear the Illini Star entire season. Great Druzba OG S ® 6 (ab, ber, and good disease- and cf, cr) 75 days. (Indeterminate) split-resistance. Strongly flavor, especially for Glacier [Bulgarian heirloom. Introduced recommended to market growers and home an early variety. 11 1995 by SESE from seed from Dr. gardeners alike. #49199 Pkt $2.75 in. bright red fruits. Carolyn Male.] Excellent juicy We have had yields of 3/4 bushel per plant. Very Joe Thieneman Australian Heart S ® 80 cold-tolerant and may survive a light frost. sweet flavor. 5 oz fruits are borne days. (Indeterminate)[Kentucky family heirloom, 2–4 to a cluster. Although Potato leaf foliage. #49196 Pkt $2.75; from seed brought back by a friend returning from #49196A (1.5 g) $6.50 the fruit walls are tender, WW2 service in Australia.] Moderate production they are resistant to fruit of large, meaty, heart-shaped red tomatoes. 12- Sophie’s Choice OG S Druzba diseases, cracking, and blos- oz fruits have few seeds and great taste. Produces 655 days. (Determinate) som end rot. Produces a large until frost. #49226 Pkt $2.50 [Heirloom from Edmonton, percentage of uniform-ripen- Canada, sent to SESE from ing, high-quality blemish-free Large Red OG S ® 6 Dr. Male. Introduced 1997.] fruit. Well liked at farmers 85 days. (Indeterminate) Highly productive, flavorful and markets. #49157 Pkt [Original seed from large-fruited. Ripens ahead of all $2.75; #49157A (1.5 g) the USDA. Historical other extra-early varieties in our $6.50 notes by Hank and trials. Unlike other extra-early Linda Trent. Prior to the German Red Strawberry varieties, the fruits are flavorful Civil War, one of the most and large, averaging 6–8 oz and 6 S 80 days. (Inde- commonly grown and Sophie’s terminate) [Introduced weighing up to 12 oz. Large fruits Choice best documented tomato Large Red with orange-red exteriors and 1995 by SESE, seed from varieties in the country. Dr. Carolyn Male.] This deep-red interiors on small plants, only 18–24 Listed in the 1843 Shaker in. tall. Quality is best in cooler climates – does German heirloom resem- seed catalog at New Lebanon, NY, the Large Red bles a strawberry in color not handle heat or drought well. #49188 Pkt tomato is vital for ante-bellum garden recreations $2.75; #49188A (1.5 g) $5.50 and shape, though much and historic farms. Fearing Burr in his 1865 book larger! Meaty with scant German Red stated, “From the time of the seed and juice, the flavor Strawberry introduction of the tomato to Marglobe VF OG S ® 6 (Marglobe Im- spectrum runs broad and its general use in this country, proved) (vw, fw1, asc, clm, nhr, st, sun) 70 days. deep. A favorite at our 2007 festival. Fruits av- the Large Red was almost (Determinate) [A select strain of the old favorite erage 10 oz, 3 × 31 in. Shoulders are smooth to the only kind cultivated, or Marglobe originally released by the USDA in slightly ribbed and slower to ripen. Plants have even commonly known.”] 2 #49158 Pkt $2.75 1925.] Marglobe has been in demand for several light foliage cover. × 4 in. deep-red fruits are generations while many other varieties have come Homestead 24 OG S heavily ribbed or lobed and and gone. This selection has been improved for Marglobe VF ® (asc, cf, cr, fw1) 80 flattened in shape – quite disease-resistance. Red, medium-sized, 5–8 oz. days. (Semi-determi- distinct from modern toma- fruits with firm walls and good flavor. Stocky, vigorous plants with nate) [1966.] Devel- toes. Sweet with a bit of tang excellent disease tolerance. Vines provide good protection from oped for hot humid and some flavor intricacy. sunscald. #49126 Pkt $2.75; #49126A (1.5g) $5.75 coastal areas, especially Vines provide medium foliage cover. We introduced Martian Giant Slicer OG S ® 95 days. (Semi-determinate) Florida. Often grown [Developed for organic market gardeners by Seeds of Change, further in the Mid-Atlantic Large Red for historical rea- sons, but we were surprised selected by Bill Reynolds of Eel River Produce.] Juicy red beefsteak region, where it reliably with firm texture and a good acid/sweet balance. It has done well in sets fruit at high and pleased during our 1996 Homestead 24 trials to find that it became a our trials – even in the very wet 2004 season it produced loads of temperatures. Red 8 big, beautiful tomatoes. #49202 Pkt $2.75 oz slightly flattened favorite of a local restaurant’s #49183 Pkt $2.75 globes. #49121 Pkt $2.75 chef. Mortgage Lifter VFN OG S ® (Red Mortgage Lifter) 83 days. (ab, asc, Key to Tomato Disease Tolerance: Known disease tolerance or resistance is indicated in parentheses after the vw, fw1, rkn) (Indetermi- variety name. V, F, and N at the end of a variety name indicate known resistance to Verticillium wilt, Fusarium nate) An improved version wilt, and nematodes, respectively. Many factors affect disease resistance and results may vary from region to of Radiator Charlie’s Mort- region and from season to season. Disease resistant varieties will not be totally disease-free but they will resist or gage Lifter (see Pink & tolerate disease better than other varieties. Note that many heirloom tomatoes have not been extensively tested Pink-Red Tomatoes) with Mortgage for disease tolerance either in the laboratory, or in extensive field trials – absence of disease resistance informa- increased disease-resistance Lifter VFN tion in the variety description does not imply lack of resistance. and more uniform fruit, ab Alternaria (early blight) cr Crack resistance nhr Nail head rust ripening to red rather than pink-red. Large, 10–14 oz. fruits, not as large as the original asc Alternaria stem canker cs Crease stem rkn Root knot nematode Mortgage Lifter, but the plants are much an Anthracnose fw1 Fusarium wilt, race 1 sls Septoria leaf spot more productive. It still deserves the Mort- ber Blossom end rot fw2 Fusarium wilt, race 2 st Stemphylium spot gage Lifter reputation and is one of our most bw Bacteria wilt gw Gray wall sun Sun scald productive tomatoes. 6–7 ft. tall plants bear cf Cat facing gls Gray leaf spot tmv Tobacco mosaic virus until frost. #49129 Pkt $2.95; #49129A (1.5 g) $7.50 clm Cladosporium leaf mold lb Late blight vw Verticillium wilt Favorite disease-resistant varieties: Atkinson, Druzba, Eva Purple Ball, Geranium Kiss, Homestead 24, Red Tomatoes continue Marglobe VF, Matt’s Wild Cherry, Mortgage Lifter VFN, Mountaineer Delight, Mountaineer Pride, Neptune, on the next page. Ozark Pink VF, Roma VF Virginia Select, Tropic VFN, West Virginia 63 ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Tomatoes 49 Continued Old Virginia OG S ® 6 Stupice OG S ® 62 Red Tomatoes 80 days. (Indeterminate) days. (Indeterminate) In 1963, West Virginia U. professor Mannon Gal- [Heirloom from the Giltner [Czech.] Pronounced legly released West Virginia 63 tomato (see lower family.] Old-time sweet/tart stoo-PEECH. Early right), one of the first tomatoes bred for Late Blight tomato taste. 4–7 oz., dark bearing, productive, resistance. 50 years later, Gallegly and colleague red, smooth, round fruits disease-tolerant, and Mahfuz Rahman used WV 63 tomato to breed two with few seeds. The 5–6 ft. flavorful. It usually new, larger tomatoes, with disease resistance now tall plants produce even in Old Virginia produces until frost. including Septoria leaf spot! long hot summers. Good Great flavor depth with yields and flavor make this a excellent sweet-tart Stupice Mountaineer keeper. #49215 Pkt $2.75 balance. Juicy 3–4 oz. Delight OG S fruits borne in clusters ® (West Virgin- OTV Brandywine OG S ® of 6–8. Fruit ripens to red (with an orange un- ia ‘17B) (fw, lb, 72 days. (Indeterminate) dertone) with some tendency for green shoul- sls, vw) 77 days. [Named and released by Dr. ders later in the season. A great salad tomato. (Indeterminate) Carolyn Male and Craig #49141 Pkt $2.75; #49141A (1.5 g) $5.50 [WVU 2017. LeHoullier, editors of Off Introduced 2018 the Vine (OTV), heirloom Super Choice OG S ® 6 by SESE.] Larger tomato newsletter. Bred 85 days. (Indeterminate) [KY red beefsteak, from an accidental cross of heirloom from Rev. Hobart Mountaineer Delight Yellow Brandywine and an Pearson.] Tall (7 ft.) vigorous sweeter flavor OTV Brandwine than the original unknown red beefsteak.] vines yield 1–1½ lb. classic West Virginia 63 tomato. Great disease resis- One of the best Brandywine beefsteaks with wonderful tance, fruits hold well on the vine. #49264 Pkt strains. Smooth, creamy, almost buttery texture, flavor and texture. Perfect for $2.95; #49264A (1.5 g) $7.25 and harmonious sweet flavor. Fruits are a rich tomato sandwiches. #49216 Super Choice red color with an orange undertone. Produces Pkt $2.75 Mountaineer a large percentage of usable attractive toma- ® Pride OG S ® toes, relatively free of defects, averaging 12 oz. Tropic VFN OG S (vw, (West Virginia Excellent potato leaf foliage cover. 6–8 ft. tall fw1, asc, rkn, ab, clm, gw, st, ‘17A) (fw, lb, plants. The most productive and heat-tolerant tmv1, tmv4, sun, cr) 80 days. sls, vw) 80 days. Brandywine. A must for every tomato lover. (Indeterminate) [Developed by (Indeterminate) #49189 Pkt $2.95 U. of Florida.] This exception- [WVU 2017. ally disease-resistant variety has Introduced 2018 excellent versatility as a garden, by SESE.] Me- greenhouse, or market tomato. dium red slicers, Sweet-flavored fruit averages good flavor, great Mountaineer Pride 8–9 oz, is thick-walled, and disease resis- tends to sit high on the vine Tropic VFN tance. Firmer skins make this a good variety for under a protective cover of market growers to ship and to bring to market. foliage. Recommended highly for the Mid-At- Fruits hold well on the vine. #49262 Pkt $2.95; lantic and hot, humid, disease-prone areas, #49262A (1.5 g) $7.25 especially where blight is a problem. #49145 Pkt $2.95; #49145A (1.5g) $6.50 Mule Team OG Peron S ® 6 86 days. West Virginia 63 (Centennial) S ® 70 (Indeterminate) Peron OG S ® (Peron Sprayless) 70 days. (In- OG [Introduced 1997 by determinate) [Introduced 1951 by Gleckler’s from days. (fw1, lb, sun, vw) SESE. Seed sent by Argentina. Called “Sprayless” because the vigorous (Indeterminate) [1963, Dr. Carolyn Male.] vines needed no treatment.] Tasty red tomatoes on WVU AES.] 6–8 oz red Aptly named work- disease-resistant vines. Produces a high percent- fruits, meaty flesh, small horse of a tomato age of uniform, defect-free 3–4 in. fruits. Flavor cores, few blemishes. which delivers well is sweet with some intricacy. Reliable, flavorful, Excellent, mildly sweet and long into the and a garden mainstay. #49184 Pkt $2.75; flavor. Good disease resis- season. Uniform, Mule Team #49184A (1.5 g) $6.50 tance includes resistance red, 8–12 oz. fruits to late blight race T-0 Stone ® 6 are slightly ovate with slightly dented shoulders S 78 and some resistance to West Virginia 63 and are defect-free. Sweet with a slight tang. days. (ab, fw1) (In- T-1. #49239 Pkt $2.75; #49187 Pkt $2.75; #49187A (1.5 g) $5.50 determinate) [1889.] #49239A (1.5 g) $6.50 Bright red, slightly Neptune OG S ® (vw, flattened 5–7 oz. fw1, fw2, bw, gls) 67 globes with uniform Winter Storage Tomatoes days. (Determinate) ripening. An all-pur- Though the quality of winter storage varieties [Developed and released pose tomato with doesn’t match that of fresh garden tomatoes, to SESE in 1999 by Dr. good keeping quality, flavor and texture is superior to most winter J. W. Scott at the U. of especially recom- supermarket tomatoes. Best planted 1–2 months Florida.] An early- to mended for canning. Stone after the main tomato crop, timing the harvest mid-season fresh mar- Fruits are somewhat for fall. Avoid watering plants in the 2 weeks ket tomato specially Neptune acidic, and not as before frost. Harvest unblemished tomatoes bred for heat tolerance sweet as other varieties, but Stone is a depend- before frost. Dark green fruits won’t ripen off and resistance to bacteria wilt which is prevalent able, very drought-hardy tomato that will last the vines. Keep out of direct sunlight, ripen at in the Southeast and Florida. Recommended for the full season. This old variety has shown better room temperature or lower. Store so fruits aren’t gardeners and market growers in hot, humid, resistance to foliage disease and fruit rot than touching, and check for ripeness and rotting rainy growing regions where it is difficult to some of the other old varieties we have grown. weekly. Used apple boxes with their fruit sepa- grow tomatoes. 4-oz. red fruits in clusters of 2–4 #49140 Pkt $2.50; #49140A (1.5 g) $5.50 rators are convenient for this. Some folks wrap on short vines. #49195 Pkt $2.75 individual fruits in newspaper. One longtime grower says he prevents rot by regularly turning 50 Tomatoes www.SouthernExposure.com over the fruits so they ripen more evenly. German Johnson Pink & Pink-Red Tomatoes OG S ® 6 76 Brandywine days. (Indeter- Arkansas (Sudduth Strain) minate) [Popular Traveler OG OG S 674 days. heirloom from S ® 6 89 (Indeterminate) [TN VA and NC, days. (Inde- heirloom popularized a favorite at terminate) by Ben Quisenberry.] farmers markets.] [Pre-1900 Prized for distinctively One of the four German Johnson heirloom grown flavorful fruit, highly parent lines of throughout the rated in our taste “Mortgage Lifter” tomato, very similar in flavor. South from trials. ‘Brandywine’ Pink-red fruits average 3/4 to 1½ lbs. with gener- NW Arkan- has achieved a na- ally smooth tops. Good for slicing or canning. sas to North Arkansas Traveler tional reputation as Fruits have few seeds. Plants are very productive Carolina.] An the flavor standard and fairly resistant to disease. Potato-leaf strain. old Southern heirloom esteemed for its ability to for tomatoes. Dark #49115 Pkt $2.95; #49115A (1.5 g) $6.25; produce flavorful tomatoes under conditions of reddish-pink, 10–12 #49115C (7 g) $18.25 drought and high heat where many other vari- oz. fruits. Potato leaf Grandfather eties fail. Good disease resistance. Medium-size, Sudduth Strain vines are not as dis- Ashlock S ® 6 85 pink fruits with wonderful flavor. Keeps well. ease-resistant as other Brandwine #49102 Pkt $2.75; #49102A (1.5 g) $6.50 days. (Indeterminate) Brandywine strains, [Family heirloom of Aunt Lou’s but we were impressed by how well it held up Carl Ashlock. Three Underground in 2013’s cold, wet summer. The flavor of the Ashlock brothers Railroad 6 tomatoes is of gourmet quality. Use for slices, served George Wash- Grandfather S 82 days. salads, and sandwiches. #49104 Pkt $2.95; ington during the Ashlock (Indeterminate) #49104A (1.5 g) $7.50 Revolutionary War; one brother settled in Kentucky. Carl Ashlock, now [Heirloom Brimmer S ® 6 carried through (Pink Brimmer) 82 of Franklin, NC, is descended from that patriot.] the Underground days. (Indeterminate) Potato leaf foliage, fair yield of 10–16 oz pink Railroad by an [This old Virginia beefsteaks, very good flavor. #49234 Pkt $2.50 unnamed black variety won the Grand Granny Cantrell’s man as he crossed Aunt Lou’s Underground Railroad Prize for size and qual- German Red/Pink OG S to freedom in ity at the Jamestown 669–80 days. (Indeter- Ripley, OH, Exposition held in minate) [KY heirloom. The from KY. Seeds were passed on to Aunt Lou, who 1907 at Sewell’s Point, only tomato grown by Lettie passed them on to her great nephew, and eventually VA.] Large, meaty, Brimmer Cantrell of West Liberty on to heirloom tomato enthusiast Gary Millwood.] pink-purple fruits can since the ’40s.] Large beef- Dark pink, tangy and juicy, 4–12 oz fruits. reach 21 lbs. or more #49240 Pkt $2.50 steak, 1+ lb, tasty fruit on Sparse foliage. when well grown. Often preferred by gardeners large, vigorous plants. Let- Barnes Mountain wanting large, “low acid” pink tomatoes that tie died in January 2006, Pink S ® 6 90 days. have a high sugar content. Thick skin – a useful at the age of 96. Her to- (Tall indeterminate.) quality in a canning tomato, and one that offers mato was voted best flavor [Kentucky heirloom.] some protection against fruit worm. #49105 at the 2010 Monticello Pkt $2.50 Tomato Tasting. #49208 Good resistance to leaf Granny disease. Produces lots of Crnkovic Yugo- Pkt $2.75; #49208A (1.5 Cantrell’s g) $6.25 10–20 oz. reddish-pink slavian ® 6 85 fruit. Some fruit color days. (Indetermi- Hege German Pink variability. Good pro- Barnes Mountain Pink nate) [From the S ® 6 73 days. ducer: bears until frost. Vojvodina region (Indeterminate) One of our favorites. of Serbia, brought #49221 Pkt $2.50 [Popular heirloom sold to the U.S. by at farmers markets by Yasha Crnkov- Welcome, NC, grower ic, a colleague Garden Peach Hege, known as L. E.] See Yellow & Gold of Dr Carolyn Hege German Pink Tomatoes. Crnkovic Yugoslavian Large pink beefsteaks Male.] Prolific, with terrific flavor. Long Keeper OG ® 78 days. disease-resistant 12–24 oz. #49241 Pkt $2.50 (Semi-determinate) Fruits become heirloom produces large, 1-lb. pink beefsteaks. ripe 6–12 weeks after harvest. Meaty and juicy, with robust, complex flavor. Illinois Beauty Some customers report storing it #49222 Pkt $2.50 S ® 80 days. (Inde- for 4–6 months. Fruits are mature terminate) [Selected by Dr. Walter S grower Merlyn Niedens for harvest when they have a pale ® 6 pink blush. 4–7 oz fruits ripen in 75 days. from an accidental cross.] storage to a satiny, red-orange color. (Indeterminate) 6-ft. plants are heavy #49125 Pkt $2.75 [from New Zea- producers of 4–6-oz. land.] One of the blemish-free fruit. Even Reverend Morrow’s Long Keeper best heirlooms for in the hot, dry sum- Illinois Beauty S ® 6 83 days. (Determinate) market gardeners. mer of 2007 the plants [Louisiana heirloom.] Lots of Medium-tall inde- continued to set good quantities of tasty fruit. A Long Keeper 6–10 oz reddish-orange fruit terminate produces tomato tasting favorite. #49214 Pkt $2.50 with reddish-pink flesh. This lots of delicious, tomato’s excellent storage quality low-acid, 8-oz. red Pink & Pink-Red Tomatoes earned it a place in our garden. Stake plants for globes. #49223 the highest quality fruit. #49231 Pkt $2.50 Pkt $2.50 Dr. Walter continue on the next page.

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Tomatoes 51 Pink & Pink-Red Tomatoes Continued Ozark Pink VF OG S ® (fw1, vw, ber, cr) 65 Lady Lucy S ® 6 85 Mortgage Lifter VFN – See Red Tomatoes. days. (Indeterminate) days. (Indeterminate) New! Mrs. Houseworth [Introduced 1991 by [Nantahala Forest area in ® 6 SESE. Developed by the n. GA.] Potato-leaf variety OG S 79 days. (In- determinate) [Family heir- U. of Arkansas.] Adapt- produces lots of red/ ed for growing on pink 12 oz fruit. Sweet, loom of Meairl Houseworth in southern Pennsylvania. stakes for vine-ripe har- complex flavor with an vest in home gardens acid zing, good for slicing Originally brought over from Italy in the ‘50s, this and for farmer’s mar- and canning. #49227 Pkt Lady Lucy kets. 5 ft. plants bear $2.50 was the only tomato Mr. Houseworth grew, and the Mrs. Houseworth 7 oz flattened-globe New! Mason family believes that when he fruits with few defects, and uniform-ripening Marvel, Ph.D OG grew tomatoes for Heinz in S ® 81 days. (In- the ‘70s, that these tomatoes were used for making shoulders. The pink fruits have excellent determinate) Large ketchup.] Pink, meaty oxhearts, 3-4 in. fruits, Ozark Pink VF pink beefsteak great flavor with few seeds. #49261 Pkt $3.25 eating quality and good with great flavor shelf life. Unlike many and few seeds. In other varieties, flavor is not greatly affected by the 1950s, Dr. early harvest in the post-breaker (pale pink) Mason Marvel was stage. Very productive all season. Recommended at West Virginia for hot, humid, disease-prone areas. #49132 University, work- Mason Marvel Pkt $2.75 ing as part of the Tappy’s Finest 6 breeding project that led to “West Virginia 63” S 77 days. (Indeter- tomato. WV heirlooms were collected, crossed minate) [WV family with each other, then planted at a minimum Omar’s Lebanese heirloom from before security prison in an area known to have severe 1948, originally from Late Blight. One of the results was this tomato! Omar’s Lebanese 6 Italy. Introduced by It was larger and more tender than the program S 80 days. (Indetermi- nate) [Heirloom from farmers in a Lebanese hill SESE 1983, named for was aiming for, so Dr. Marvel proceeded to “Tappy” who selected select it on his own over the next 55 years. town. The best of Dr. Carolyn Male’s extensive 1995 heirloom tomato trials.] Huge pink beef- for regular shape, Dr. Marvel wrote in 2011, “I have grown it in small cores, few seeds, Florida, Alabama, Vietnam, Ethiopia, Indonesia, steak tomato: fruits typically weigh 16–24 oz., or even larger when well grown. A good choice and fine flavor. The Tappy’s Finest and El Salvador, and it has done well everywhere first heirloom tomato I have grown it.” #49265 Pkt $3.25 for a gardener’s boast or county fair entry. Has a multidimensional sweet flavor that seems to be SESE introduced.] expressed best in northern Performs best where summers are moderate Our Flagship areas. In southern areas the to cool. Large, pink-red fruits average 14–16 quality is more variable. ozs, sometimes up to 2 lbs, and are very meaty. Tomato Good foliage disease resis- Slightly irregular fruits are somewhat flattened Mortgage Lifter, Radia- tance. #49190 Pkt $2.50; with prominent shoulder indentations. Excellent tor Charlie’s OG S ® 6 #49190A (1.5 g) $5.50 tomato for processing or for use in salads or (vw, fw1) 79 days (Indeter- sandwiches. Also makes delicious tomato juice. minate) [Developed by Like all sweet, good-flavored tomatoes, it’s not a M.C. Byles in the 1930s heavy producer, but has won several flavor trials. and released to SESE in #49142 Pkt $2.50 1985.] A legendary tomato always in demand in the Mid-Atlantic states. The following history is based Radiator Charlie’s Mortgage Lifter on portions of our 1985 taped interview with M.C. Byles who developed this tomato in the early 1930s while in Logan, WV. Mr. Byles is afectionately known as “Radiator Charlie.” He earned that nickname from the radiator-repair business he opened at the foot of a steep hill on which trucks would often overheat. Radiator Charlie had no formal education or plant-breeding experience, yet he created this legend- ary tomato by cross-breeding four of the largest-fruited tomatoes he Oxheart could find: German Johnson, Beefsteak, an Italian variety, and an English variety. One of the four varieties was planted in the middle Vinson Watts of a circle. Then, using a baby’s ear syringe, he cross-pollinated the center plant with pollen from the circle of tomatoes. Next year he Vinson Watts ® 6 85 days. (Indeter- Oxheart OG S 688 days. OG S selected the best seedlings: he planted the best seedling in the center minate) [Heirloom originating in Lee County, and the rest in a circle around it. The pollination and selection (Indeterminate) [The oxheart shape is the result of a muta- VA, but perfected by 50 years of selection for flavor, process was repeated six more years until he had a stable variety. texture and disease resistance by Vinson Watts of After Charlie developed and named this large tasty tomato he sold tion, about 1925. Somewhat similar to meaty ponderosa Morehead, KY.] The large flattened pink fruit plants for $1 each (in the 1940s) and paid off the $6000 mortgage has won many taste tests and is considered by on his house in 6 years. Each spring, gardeners drove as far as 200 types, except for the distinc- tive shape.] Heavy yielding many to be the best tomato they ever tasted – a miles to buy Charlie’s seedling tomatoes. Fruits of Mortgage Lifter smooth-textured, finely balanced combination can average 21 lbs and may reach 4 lbs when grown well. Plants vines produce extra large, pink tomatoes weighing 1–2 of sweet and acid. #49218 Pkt $2.75; #49218A are very productive and disease-resistant, and continue to bear until (1.5 g) $6.50 frost. These large, slightly flattened, pink-red tomatoes are meaty lbs. Firm, meaty flesh with and flavorful with few seeds. #49128 Pkt $3.25 few seeds and mild flavor. #49116 Pkt $2.75 52 Tomatoes www.SouthernExposure.com Eva Purple Ball OG S Purple & Black Tomatoes ® 6 (ab, lb, ber, cr, cf) Yellow & Gold Tomatoes Black Brandywine 78 days. (Indeterminate) Barnes Mountain OG S 685 days. (In- [Late 1800s heirloom Orange OG S ® 6 determinate) [1920s from the Black Forest re- 90 days. (Indetermi- PA heirloom. Cross gion of Germany from Joe nate) [KY heirloom.] between Brandywine Bratka’s grandfather. Seed Large orange fruits, and Fejee Improved courtesy of Carolyn Male up to 16 oz. Dis- tomato. William Woys and Craig LeHoullier. In- ease-resistant 6–8 ft. Weaver’s grandfather tall plants bear until troduced 1994 by SESE.] Barnes Mountain obtained seed from the Outstanding performer frost. Outstanding Orange breeder, Dr. Harold E. in hot, humid areas. flavor, perfect for Martin.] Large dusky Black Brandywine Excellent resistance to Eva Purple Ball BLTs. #49220 Pkt rose/purple fruit with diseases, including some $2.75 rich, sweet flavor and good yields. #49233 Pkt resistance to late blight. One of the most blem- $2.95 Dad’s Sunset ish-free tomatoes we have grown, with a soft ® 75 days. tender texture. Easy-to-peel, smooth, round, at- S Black Cherry – See Small & Cherry Tomatoes (Indetermi- tractive pink-purple fruits weigh 5–7 oz. Fruits nate) Golden Black Plum – See Processing/Paste Tomatoes. are easy to harvest, some dropping from the orange like the vine at peak ripeness. A wonderful all-purpose #49112 Pkt $2.95 setting sun. Dad’s Sunset tomato with excellent flavor. Very attractive, Japanese Black round, small- Trifele S ® cored fruit with 6 75 days. zesty sweet (Indeterminate) flavor. Fruits are uniform in shape with very few [Russian heir- defects, thick-walled, yet tender. Medium foliage loom.] Unusual cover, 12-oz fruits measure 23/4 × 31 in. #49163 Black Prince pear-shaped 4–6 Pkt $2.50 oz fruits, deep Djena Lee’s Golden Black Prince 669 days. (Indeterminate) burgundy colored OG S Girl 6 S 64 days. [A garden jewel from Irkutsk, Siberia.] Deep with green shoul- Japanese Black Trifele (Indeterminate) reddish-brown fruits, grading to dark brown ders and a rich, [Family heirloom of or black on the shoulders. Interior color varies complex flavor. Djena Lee since the from dark red to a translucent chestnut brown. Very productive, bearing early through late in early 1920s. Won first 7 oz fruits with juicy, tender texture and appeal- the season. Crack-resistant fruits. Potato-leaf prize at the Chicago ing fruity flavor. #49180 Pkt $2.75 foliage. #49247 Pkt $2.50 Fair 10 years in a Paul Robeson row! Introduced by 6 S OG 74 days. SESE 1987. Djena (Indeterminate) (pronounced “Zshe- [Russian heirloom. na”) was part Indian Djena Lee’s Golden Girl Original seed sent and granddaughter of to SESE by Marina Minnesota financier Jim Lee. She grew this tomato Danilenko, a Mos- Paul Robeson in Minnesota and on moving to Illinois in 1929 cow seedswoman. gave plants to Reverend Morrow (then 15 years Named after Paul old) who nurtured this variety and kept it alive.] Cherokee Purple Robeson, performer Beautiful golden-orange fruits, one of the most of “Old Man River” and operatic vocal artist appetizing golden tomatoes we have grown. 4-6 who was an advocate of equal rights for Blacks. oz fruits. Delicious flavor, rich balance of sweet- His artistry was appreciated world-wide, espe- ness and tanginess. Heavy early yields. #49111 cially in the Soviet Union, and hence this tomato Pkt $2.75 bearing his name.] Like other so-called black Garden Peach tomatoes the fruit is more of a dusky dark red Tomato OG S Cherokee Purple with dusky dark green shoulders. 6-oz. fruits, ® 73 Days. OG S ® 6 85 2 × 4–5 in., borne two to a cluster. Excellent #49161 Pkt $2.75 (Indeterminate) days. (Indetermi- flavor. This toma- nate) [Pre-1890 to truly TN heirloom, resembles a reportedly of Cherokee Indian origin. Introduced peach. 2–3 1993 by SESE. Seed courtesy Craig LeHoullier.] oz fruits have Large, smooth fruits (10–12 oz) with slightly a peach-like ridged shoulders. Ripens to a unique dark, fuzz and are yel- dusky pink/purple. Sometimes called a black low, often with tomato, the color carries through to the flesh, a hint of pink Garden Peach especially at the stem end. Good resistance to blush when Septoria leaf spot. A shorter indeterminate, Black Prince Garden Peach fully ripe. Outstanding flavor. A good storage plants average 5 ft. tall. ‘Cherokee Purple’ tomato if picked light green right before frost. has spread widely since its introduction, with Highly split-resistant. Vigorous vines bear variations developing over time, but our strain until frost. #49201 Pkt $2.75; #49201A is still the original, shorter shape. Seed grown (1.5 g) $6.50 and stewarded by Twin Oaks Seed Farm in Louisa, VA. #49106 Pkt $2.95; #49106A Yellow & Gold Tomatoes (1.5g) $7.25; #49106C (7 g) $18.25 Cherokee Purple continue on the next page.

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Tomatoes 53 Yellow & Gold Tomatoes Bicolored Tomatoes Processing & Paste Continued Big Rainbow OG S ® Tomatoes 6 90 days. (ab, asc) (In- ersimmon ® 6 P OG S determinate) [Introduced Canning varieties have firm, round fruits that 88 days. (Indeterminate) 1990 by SESE.] The are usually canned whole. Drying varieties are [1981.] Beautiful persim- most visually spectacular small, low-moisture tomatoes well suited to quick mon-colored, rose-orange tomato we’ve grown. As drying. Paste tomatoes have thick, dry flesh with fruits. 12–16 oz fruits, fruits ripen they resemble few seeds. Sauce tomatoes are more flavorful and though early ones can a rainbow: green on the have more seeds than paste tomatoes, and because weigh up to 2 lbs. shoulder, yellow in the Big Rainbow they are juicier they need to be cooked longer to Vigorous vines, well middle, and red on the make thick sauce. Drying and paste tomatoes are branched, Late Blight bottom. Fully ripe fruits are gold on the stem more susceptible to blossom end rot due to their low tolerant. One of our end and red on the blossom end. Early fruits moisture content, so during dry spells provide adequate personal favorites for weigh over 2 lbs. with little catfacing or defor- irrrigation and calcium. color and rewarding Persimmon mities. Very good resistance to foliar disease. flavor. #49133 Pkt $2.75 Bears until frost. #49103 Pkt $2.95 Amish Paste OG ® 6 T. C. Jones S (Indeter- S Cherokee Green ® 6 80 days. S minate) One of ® 75 days. (Indeter- the largest sauce (Indeterminate) minate) [Selected from [Cumberland tomatoes we offer, Cherokee Purple tomato produces a sauce County, KY, family by NC grower Craig heirloom, named by with a superior LeHoullier.] This is flavor. Coreless, top- Harry Jones for his one of the best tasting grandfather; orig- shaped fruits often green tomatoes any- weigh as much as 12 inal seed via Gary T. C. Jones where. 8–12 oz. fruits Millwood.] 8-12 oz oz. Tall plants, heavy with green flesh and Cherokee Green yields. Despite the Amish Paste yellow fruit with green-yellow skin with a blushing stripe on the blossom end and great name ‘Amish Paste,’ amber to red color on the juicy fruits are best suited to making sauce. flavor. Flattened fruit; shape and color similar to the blossom end. #49249 Pkt $2.75 Yellow Mortgage Lifter, but much more produc- #49197 Pkt $2.95; #49197A (1.5 g) $7.25 tive. #49232 Pkt $2.50 Green Grape See Small-Fruited Tomatoes, p. 56. Bisignano #2 OG S ® 6 Yellow Bell – See Processing/Paste Tomatoes. Green Zebra OG 80 days. (In- (Indeterminate) determinate) [Italian 78 days. [Devel- heirloom.] Sweet, oped 1985 by Tom meaty tomato. Medi- Wagner.] An unusual um fruits, low seeds. and exquisite to- Uniquely, fruit shapes mato chosen by vary even on the Alice Waters for the same plant. Fantastic famous California flavor makes a great Bisignano #2 restaurant Chez sauce. #49206 Pkt $2.95 Panisse. 3–5 oz fruits Green Zebra ripen to yellow-gold with alternating dark-green zebra-like stripes. Emerald flesh White Tomatoes Yellow Brandywine with good flavor. Colorful sliced or in salads. Well branched vines provide good foliage cover and have some resistance to septoria leaf spot. ellow randywine 6 Y B OG S 76 days. (In- #49119 Pkt $2.75 determinate) [IN heirloom.] Same great flavor as pink-fruited Brandywine. Large, slightly ribbed Old German S ® 6 beefsteaks are sweet and tangy – our grower prefers (Indeterminate) [Intro- it to pink Brandywine! Fruits keep well. Large duced 1985 by SESE. potato-leaf foliage provides medium fruit cover. Mennonite family heirloom #49186 Pkt $2.75; #49186A (1.5 g) $6.75 from Shenandoah Valley, VA.] Large, attractive and tasty tomato. Fruit color is yellow with a red center visible White Wonder on the surface and Old German throughout the White Wonder OG S ® 6 84 days. (Inde- core. Best color of several strains of this terminate) [Possibly derived from White Apple, heirloom. Not a heavy producer, nor does pre-1860.] One of the varieties chosen for it tolerate drought, but its flavor and color Alice Waters’ famous Chez Panisse restaurant. are outstanding. Fruits often weigh over a Medium-sized fruits ripen creamy white color pound. #49131 Pkt $2.50; #49131A (1.5 and have a sweet flavor. Productive plants, good g) $5.75 foliage cover. We like to serve it as an ingredient in a multicolor tomato marinade (tomatoes, Striped Roman S 80 days. (Inde- Green Zebra OG garlic, vinegar, oil, pepper, and herbal season- terminate) [Developed by Seed Savers ings). Fruits are medium-sized. Exchange member John Swenson.] Highly #49149 Pkt $2.75 popular variety – orange and red stripes run Striped Roman the length of this long, pointy-ended Roma type. 7–9 oz fruits, thick flesh, great flavor. 54 Tomatoes #49211 Pkt $2.75 www.SouthernExposure.com Principe Borghese Striped Roman – See Bicolored Tomatoes. ® 6 78 days. OG uper talian aste ® 6 (Determinate) Italian S I P OG S 75 days. (In- heirloom bred for determinate) Meaty, roma-shaped, orange-red, sun-drying, this 6-8 oz. fruits. Vigorous, high-yielding plants. low-moisture variety These impressively withstood both flooding and maintains more flavor drought in 2015. #49254 Pkt $2.75 when dried than do Yellow Bell other varieties. Slightly OG S ® 6 60 Black Plum oval, 1 oz fruits. Prized Principe Borghese days. (Indeter- in Italian cooking minate) [Intro- lack lum ® 6 B P OG S 70–80 days. (Inde- when reconstituted in olive oil, they can also duced 1986 by terminate) [Russian heirloom.] Prolifc producer be crushed into small flakes to quickly thicken SESE. Family of 1 oz elongated deep mahogany-brown fruit. a thin sauce while adding a rich tomato flavor. heirloom from Color develops best in hot dry weather. Rich, #49200 Pkt $2.75 TN.] Great complex, full-bodied flavor. Perfect for sauce, yellow sauce drying, or eating out of hand. #49205 Pkt Roma VF OG ® (vw, fw1, asc) 75 days. (Deter- $2.75; #49205A (1.5 g) $5.50 minate) Very popular, pear-shaped paste tomato. tomato for salads or Widely adapted. Fruit ripens uniformly. Highly Yellow Bell Heinz productive, good resistance to disease and fruit- for making 1350 VF worm. #49138 Pkt $2.50 lovely tomato OG S ® paste, juice, preserves, salsa, and yellow catsup! (vw, fw1, Roma VF, Virginia Heavy-yielding plants produce 5–12 fruits per asc, cr) Select S ® 75 cluster. Roma-shaped fruits average 3 × 11 75 days. days. (Determi- in. Survives cool wet conditions better than (Determi- Heinz 1350 VF nate) [Introduced other sauce tomatoes, bearing heavily until nate) [1963. 2009 by SESE.] frost. Ripens from green to creamy yellow to Developed by the H. Neighboring farmer yellow. Outstanding flavor, both sweet and rich. J. Heinz Co.] Round 4–6 oz fruits and Growing for #49152 Pkt $2.75; #49152A (1.5 g) $5.75 are uniform-ripening, and have good Market writer Pam crack resistance. A productive garden variety Dawling has been with concentrated fruit set, and an excellent saving this locally Small & Cherry Tomatoes processing tomato for canning or cooking. adapted strain since Roma VF, New! Alston Widely adapted, good for salad use too. #49120 2001, selecting for Virginia Select Everlasting OG Pkt $2.75 high, early yields S ® 65 days. and tolerance to Septoria Leaf Spot. 4–5 oz [From Alston Seed Hungarian Italian fruits. #49235 Pkt $2.50 ® Growers in NC, Paste OG S 79 via Susan Clausen Rutgers 250 days. (Determinate) OG of Alpine, TX, and Highly productive S ® (Semi-de- terminate) 67 SSE.] Vigorous pear-shaped paste plants with high tomato with good days. [2016, in celebration of the yield of smooth, disease resistance blemish-free 1 and good holding 250th anniver- Alston Everlasting sary of Rutgers oz red fruits – a quality. 3–4 oz. Hungarian Italian “two-bite” cherry. fruits borne in Paste U.] After years of breeding and Holds well on and off the plant; often still good clusters of 4. Makes three weeks after harvest! #49266 Pkt $2.75 excellent flavored tasting, Rutgers Rutgers 250 sauce. #49123 Pkt University Amy’s Apricot Mix $2.75; #49123A released this new OG S ® 6 75 days. (1.5 g) $5.75 “retro” variety to try to get back to the original (Indeterminate) “Jersey tomato” qualities of flavor, juiciness, [Family heirloom given Illini Gold texture, vigor, and all the other good stuff. Red ® to Dustin Swanland by OG S 75 round medium fruits. A tasty tomato bred for his Italian aunt. Intro- days. (Inde- home gardeners – the classic Rutgers texture is duced 2012 by SESE.] terminate) [A now considered “too soft” for all the traveling Delicious fruit (always chance cross of that modern tomatoes do to get to big super- a hit at our tomato Dad’s Sunset markets! #49258 Pkt $2.75 tastings)! Vigorous and Bisignano and productive plants! San Marzano #2, selected by But… a challenging Amy’s Apricot Mix Merlyn and OG S ® 6 80 days. (Indeter- variety for us to offer. Mary Ann Nie- Plants vary a lot, even after years of vigorous dens.] 4–6 oz Illini Gold minate) [Italian heirloom, famous selection by us. It tends strongly toward the in- bright yellow/ tensely fruity, sweet, luscious orange spheres we orange paste- for its use in Neapolitan originally described. Many plants bear red fruits, type tomatoes. Attractive in salads, or makes a and a wide range of orange types is present as rich, sweet golden sauce. #49225 Pkt $2.75 pizza and other Italian dishes.] well, in clusters of 2-12 and sizes of ½ - 1½ in. Long Tom ® 6 85–90 days (Indeterminate) Long Roma-type We’re unsure just how diverse this variety was [Family heirloom, sent to Ben Quisenberry by a tomatoes, 3–4 before we received it, and why it keeps frustrat- friend living in PA.] Long, 2 × 5 in. meaty fruits San Marzano ing our selection efforts. But it’s so delicious we oz fruits with #49236 Pkt (0.08 g) $2.75 have few seeds. Their sweet flavor and firm tex- pointed ends. carry it anyway! ture serves equally well in salads or sauce. Very Thick, dry, low acid flesh contains few seeds. good yields. #49204 Pkt $2.50 Very productive 6 ft. tall plants have good Small & Cherry Tomatoes disease resistance. Excellent canning variety. continue on the next page. #49248 Pkt $2.75; #49248A (1.5 g) $6.50

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Tomatoes 55 Yellow Centiflor OG S ® Small & Cherry Tomatoes Continued 69 days. (Semi-determinate) [Alan Kapuler, from a cross of Amy’s Sugar Gem OG Lollipop OG S ® 6 S ® 75 days. (Inde- 79 days. (Indeterminate) Sungold and Red Centiflor.] terminate) [Developed Creamy yellow fruits hang Large clusters of golden yel- by Dr. Jeff McCormack. on the plants like lollipops. low fruits with pointed tips. Cross of Red Cherry and Sweet, lemon-like flavor. Short but highly variable Tappy’s Finest. Named 6-10 fruits per cluster, 1¼ plants range from 1 to 5 Yellow Centiflor for Amy Boor Hereford, in. fruit. Highly produc- ft. tall; shortest plants have whose grandmother tive in hot weather. Good lower yield. Good disease Tappy introduced Jeff resistance results in extended harvests. One of resistance to foliage dis- Lollipop to heirloom tomatoes.] Amy’s Sugar Gem eases. Suitable for ground the most distinctive tomatoes we have grown. Excellent in salads, culture if desired. Widely #49260 Pkt (0.08 g) $2.75 sandwiches, and sauces. A “two-bite” cherry adapted, excellent garden variety, well received Yellow Pear OG ® 6 (asc, tomato, 11 × 13/4 in. Tall, vigorous, and produc- at farmer’s markets. #49172 Pkt (0.08 g) $2.75 fw1) 75 days. (Indeterminate) tive vines. The Sugar Gem portion of the name Matt’s Wild [Pre-1800.] Pear-shaped refers to the sweet, full flavor and the tiny light yellow tomatoes, 11 × 3/4 in., gold sparkles in the red skin. #49198 Pkt $2.75 Cherry OG S ® 55 days. (Inde- mild flavor. Very productive Black Cherry OG ® terminate) [From and heat-resistant, but prone 55 days. (Indetermi- seed collected in the to splitting if not watered nate) Cherry tomatoes regularly. Excellent for wild near Hidalgo Yellow Pear similar to Cherokee in eastern Mexico.] popping in your mouth or for Purple in color and Plants bear loads preserves. #49154 Pkt (0.08 rich, full bodied fla- of intensely sweet g) $2.75 vor.1 in. fruits, dusky and flavorful ½ in. Matt’s Wild Cherry purple with black Black Cherry deep red cherry Currant Tomatoes highlights. Vigorous tomatoes. Plants are vigorous, disease-resistant, Solanum pimpinellifolium plants. A big favorite at our 2015 tomato tast- and sprawling. Self-sows readily. Harvest whole ings! #49252 Pkt (0.08 g) $2.75 trusses to minimize splitting. Always a favorite Currant tomatoes are essentially #49804 Pkt (0.08 g, wild tomatoes, little changed by Coyote OG S at our tomato tastings. ® 6 ~39 seeds) $2.75 domestication. Vines are long 55 days. and indeterminate with an open (Indeterminate) Purple Bumble Bee OG ® growth habit and generally good [Grows wild in 77 days. (Indeterminate) disease resistance. Fruits are the Veracruz, Mexico.] Striking 1½ in. cherries, size of a berry, ½–3/4 in. in di- ½-in. pale yellow dusky purple with vivid ameter. Flavor is intense, sweet fruits on vigorous lime-green streaks. Nice and piquant. They are especially plants. Very sweet balance of sweetness and suited as salad accents and for the with unusual flavor flavor. Tall, vigorous plants specialty restaurant trade. Seeds overtones, includ- bear til frost. Widely Purple are small. Packet: 0.05–0.09 g ing notes of vanilla. adapted, good splitting Bumble Bee depending on variety. A favorite in our resistance. #49263 Pkt 2015 tomato tast- (0.08 g) $3.25 Red Currant OG ® 6 64 days. Sugar Cherry ings. #49253 Pkt (Indeterminate) [Wild South (0.08 g) $2.95; Red Cherry OG Coyote ® 6 American tomato.] Intensely fla- #49253A (1.5 g) S (Old vored, berry-sized, 1 in. red fruits in $7.25 Fashioned Red) clusters of 16–20. #49803 Pkt (0.05 g) 72 days. (Indeter- $2.75 Dr. Carolyn S ® 63 days. minate) [Pre-1840. (Indeterminate) [Selected from This is the small Sugar Cherry OG S ® 76 days. (Indeter- a sport of Galinas. Named by Red Cherry, not the Red Cherry minate) [Introduced by SESE 1994.] Large Steve Draper in honor of Dr. Large Red Cherry currant-type ½-in. orange-red fruits borne in Carolyn Male who first saved commonly used as a salad tomato.] Bright red 1 clusters of 12. Berry-sized fruits are larger than the seed.] The most flavorful in. fruits, sweet, tangy and juicy. Grows so vig- true currant tomatoes and are intensely flavored yellow cherry tomato we’ve orously that it tends to outgrow some diseases. and sweet. #49801 Pkt (0.09 g) $2.75 grown. Excellent balance of Dr. Carolyn Resistant to fruitworm and high temperatures. sugar, tartness and depth of #49136 Pkt (0.08 g) $2.75; #49136A (1.5 g) flavor. Pale yellow, round, 1 $6.50 Ground Cherries in. fruits typically borne 6 to a cluster. Large, Physalis pruinosa vigorous vines provide excellent cover. #49182 Red Pisa Date Pkt (0.08 g) $2.50 OG S ® 6 63 Cossack Pineapple OG S ® days. (Indetermi- ® 60 days. 3/8–5/8 in. fruits with Green Grape OG S 78 nate) [Given to delicious flavor reminiscent of days. (Semi-determinate) Dustin Swanland pineapple. Bite-sized fruits are [Developed 1983 by Tater by his Italian aunt. so tasty they may never make Mater Seed.] Ripens yel- Introduced 2013 it into the kitchen, especially low-green, resembling large by SESE.] Small, if you have children. Excellent Muscat grapes. Flesh and juice firm, date-shaped, Red Pisa Date for preserves, hot dessert are green. 13/8 in. fruits borne 1 in. long red toppings, salads or mock pine- in clusters of 4–12. Sweeter fruits, sweet and apple yogurt. Plants are than ‘Green Zebra,’ the flavor productive. 7–9 ft. plants. This may be the type short (12–18 in.) but with Cossack Pineapple is in the top 5% of varieties of tomato Jefferson served at Monticello as a bushy spreading lateral we have grown. Lovely served dessert, the sliced fruits dusted with powdered branches to keep down weeds. with pesto. #49118 Pkt (0.08 sugar. #49243 Pkt (0.08 g) $2.75 Green Grape Fruits ripen to a pineapple yellow. #47101 Pkt g) $2.75 (0.06 g) $2.95; #47101A (1.5 g) $7.50 56 Tomatoes www.SouthernExposure.com Tomatillos Physalis ixocarpa Wonderberry Husk Tomatoes Solanum burbankii Cisineros Grande OG S Classification and Historical ® Culture: Notes: 85 days. Large fruits An interesting Husk tomatoes have light (up to 2½ in.) make for tomato relative. Grow like Wonderberry brown, papery husks (calyxes) easy harvest and process- tomatoes, but Wonderberry that enlarge and cover the matur- ing. Highly productive. is more finicky to germinate – tiny seeds need to ing fruits. The 2 most common Most fruits ripen to keep moist for 2-3 weeks longer than tomatoes. cultivated species are ground yellow, while some stay Self sows readily. Start seeds indoors 6–8 weeks cherry (Physalis pruinosa) and green throughout. Fruits before transplanting outside after last frost. tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa). Both have been range from the size of a Cisineros Grande Space 30 in. apart. Use row cover to protect cultivated in Central and South America for small lime to a summer young plants from flea beetles. centuries, before even tomatoes. Ground cher- apple, though most plants produce the larger ries are so named because the cherry-sized fruits fruits. For a tarter salsa, use the bright green fruits Wonderberry 6 S (Sunberry) [Developed by are borne near the ground. The leaves of ground while the husk is still green; for a sweet and fruity plant genius Luther Burbank.] 3 ft. plants yield cherries are hairy or fuzzy and the plants grow flavor, wait until the husk dries. 4–6 ft. plants. dozens of clusters of dark, 1 in. berries; each 1–2 ft. tall with lateral spreading growth. #48104 Pkt (0.09 g) $2.75; #48104A (1.5 g) cluster holds 8–12 fruits. Green fruits are likely Tomatillos are larger-fruited, typically 1–3 in. $5.75 toxic and should not be consumed. Unique, diameter, and the plants grow 2–5 ft. tall with huckleberry-like flavor makes for intriguing smooth leaves. Some varieties may grow 8 ft. or De Milpa OG S ® 6 70–80 dessert fillings, jellies, syrups, etc. #47001 Pkt more with a ground-hugging growth habit. The days. Vigorous variety with 5/8 (0.09 g) $2.75 Spanish name tomatillo is derived from the In- in. fruits, mostly purple, some dian name “tomatl.” Culture: Culture of husk green. Stronger, sharper flavor tomatoes is similar to tomatoes. (See Tomato than most tomatillos, the pre- Garden Huckleberry section.) Ground cherries need no support, but ferred variety for some Mexican Solanum melanocerasum tomatillos are best caged or trellised. Spac- dishes. #48101 Pkt (0.09 g) De Milpa Garden Huckleberry OG S ® ing: Space tomatillos similar to tomatoes (see $2.75 6 Tomato section). Ground cherries should be 100 days. A great fruit for jam, Dr. Wyche’s Yellow OG S ® pies, and syrup. Heavy yields of spaced 2-3 ft. apart. Pests: In areas where husk 6 worms are a problem, plant early-maturing 65 days. [From the collection easy-to-pick berries. Dull black at varieties crops as early as possible in the spring. of Dr. John Wyche of Hugo, OK, full maturity. Keeps very well on (Self-sown plants from the previous year’s one of SSE’s earliest members.] and off the plant. Green fruits Garden crop often get a head start on even the earliest Our earliest tomatillo and one are likely toxic and should not be Huckleberry plantings.) Harvest: Husk tomatoes usually of our sweetest. Heavy yields of Dr. Wyche’s consumed. Not sweet on its own, do not ripen fully until after falling from the 1½ in. cheerful yellow fruits. Yellow and should be cooked prior to eating. Grow like plant. Larger tomatillos need to get pulled from (Plus an occasional cheer- ground cherries or Wonderberry. Cover young the plants. Ground cherries ripen from green ful purple fruit.) #48106 plants with row cover to protect against flea Pkt (0.09 g) $2.75 beetles. 2–3 ft. tall. #47201 Pkt (0.09 g, ~100 to yellow-gold. Most tomatillos ripen from seeds) $2.75 green to yellow-green to pale yellow. Fruit Set: Everona Large Green Tomatillos need at least 2 plants for pollination OG S ® 6 80 days. or else they won’t set fruits. Most cultivars of [Seed collected by Barbara Swedes (Rutabagas) ground cherry set fruit in all areas of the U.S. Rosholdt from tomatillos Brassica napus var. napobrassica Tomatillos are more sensitive to heat and day Everona Large Green planted by Mexican Culture length: some cultivars may not set fruit until workers at the Everona : Similar to turnips, but plant for fall late summer, or may not set fruit in northern sheep dairy near Unionville, VA. Introduced 2008 harvest. Plant 8–10 weeks before first fall frost, states. Preparation and Uses: Ground cherries by SESE.] Finally a tomatillo that not only has seeding 1 in. apart in rows 12–16 in. apart, are eaten fresh, or are used in desserts, sauces, thinning to 8 in. apart. Thin within a month – nice large fruits (up to 2½ in. diameter), but can Harvest preserves, fruit toppings, pies and salads. Toma- handle a Virginia summer and pests and still pro- crowded seedlings won’t bulb properly. : tillos are usually cooked to bring out full flavor: duce prolifically! Plants thrive even in heavy clay Harvest when roots are 3–6 in. across. Harvest Simmer for 5–10 minutes in a pot of water, before temperatures drop below soil and drought. Green fruits, a few with purple Cooking: then use in chili rellenos, salsa verde, guacamo- blushing. #48103 Pkt (0.09 g) $2.75; #48103A 20°F. Mash ruta- le, or other sauces or dips. Seed Savers: Husk (1.5 g) $5.75 bagas and potatoes together American Purple tomatoes self-sow easily. Isolate varieties by 300 for a hearty dish. Packet: 2 g Top Yellow ft. for pure seed. Maturation: Days to maturity Purple OG ® (about 900 seeds) sows 46 ft. are the number of days after transplanting. 80 days. 1 × American Purple Top Yellow ® 6 Packet: 0.06–0.09 g (90–140 seeds). 1½ in. fruits 90 days. ripen to dark [Introduced before 1920 as an improved strain of purple. Sweet- Purple Top Yellow (pre-1850).] Long the standard er than green for home and market use. Flesh is mild, yellow, varieties. 4–6 ft. Purple fine-grained, and firm. #29501 Pkt $2.50 plants. #48105 Gilfeather Turnip OG S ® 6 (Brassica Pkt (0.09 g) $2.75; #48105A napus x rapa) 85 days. [1860s.] Famous heirloom (1.5 g) $5.75 selected and named by Vermont farmer Jack Gilfeather. Tomate Verde An early addition to the Slow Foods Ark of Taste. A rare cross between OG S ® 75 a rutabaga and turnip, roots are white and sweeter than most rutabagas. Goldie days. 11 in. Greens are also tender and sweet. Plant mid-summer as one would other fruits ripen rutabagas. Best flavor after frost. #29301 Pkt $2.75 Back! Goldie S ® 75 to pale yellow OG Nadmorska OG S ® 6 90 days. [From seed collected days. Goldie is a later variety green. Tall, in Lithuania in 2007 by the Seed Ambassadsors Project.] with larger plants and slight- 4–6 ft. plants. Tomate Verde Large, vigorous and early maturing. Green tops, ly larger fruits, averaging Husks are sweet golden flesh. Unusually, roots are longer and 5/8 in., otherwise similar to easy to remove more oval than regular round rutabagas. #29503 Pkt Cossack Pineapple. #47102 and fruits are excellent quality. $2.75; #29503D (14 g) $7.25 Pkt (0.06 g) $2.95 #48102 Pkt (0.09 g) $2.75 Nadmorska Husk Tomatoes, Wonderberry, Garden Huckleberry, ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Swedes (Rutabagas) 57 Turnips Brassica rapa var. rapifera Watermelon Citrullus lanatus Culture: Turnips grow well in a wide range Culture: See Muskmelons section. Space 12–18 in. apart in rows 6–8 ft. apart. Vines require of soils, but do best in a loose, friable soil that anywhere from 36–100 sq. ft. of vine space per hill, depending on variety. Don’t disturb vines while allows the roots to expand. Plantings can be fruit is ripening or else fruit may ripen unevenly. When planted in good soil under good environ- made in the spring and at summer’s end. Sow mental conditions, melons will do well, but are not as consistent producers as some other crops. The seeds 1 in. deep and thin to 2–4 in. apart, rows fruit weights we list are for what the variety can achieve given ideal conditions. Harvest: For most 10–12 in. apart. Harvest: Best-quality roots are varieties, fruit is mature and most desirable during a 10–14 day period. It may take some experience 2–3 in. in diameter. Both roots and leaves may to tell when a watermelon is ripe. There are four methods commonly used to determine peak harvest be eaten raw or cooked. Pests: Flea beetles and stage: (1) The spot where the fruit touches the ground turns yellow. (2) Look for the presence of a aphids can be controlled with rotenone or row dried-up tendril on the portion of the vine nearest the fruit. (3) The rind feels slightly rough and cover. Seed Savers: Isolate a minimum of 600 ft. ridged, and has a dull, opaque appearance, whereas immature fruits are smoother and glossier. (4) for home use. For pure seed isolate at least 1 to When a watermelon is ripe, it will have a hollow sound when you thump it with your knuckles: The 1 mile from turnips, mustard, and Chinese cab- melon sounds more like your chest when it is ripe; when green, it sounds more like your head; when bage, and rapeseed (canola). Packet: 3 g unless over-ripe, it sounds more like your stomach. Mark Twain described it this way: “A ripe melon says stated (about 1350 seeds) sows 68 ft. ‘punk’ when thumped, a green one says ‘pink’ or ‘pank.” Culinary: Watermelon seeds are edible, have a nutty taste, and are commonly sold as a snack in some parts of the world. Seeds that mature Amber Globe OG S 6(Yellow to black are easier to eat than white seeds. Seed Savers: Isolate varieties by at least 1/8 mile for home Globe) 63 days. [Pre-1840.] Best use, or 1 to 1 mile for pure seed. Packet: 1–3 g (20–58 seeds, average 39 seeds). planted in the fall. Roots are Ali Baba Blacktail Mountain smooth and globe-shaped, 6 in. in OG ® diameter. Harvest at 3–4 in. Sweet, ® 6 80 OG 73 days. [1977, fine-grained flesh is creamy days. [Iraqi developed by Glenn Drowns.] Small-fruited, earliest of yellow. #29104 Pkt $2.75 Amber Globe heirloom.] Light green all. An excellent small, fast Nabo Roxo Comprido OG maturing, highly produc- ® 6 oblong mel- S 40 days (spring), ons, 15–25 tive watermelon that can be 80 days (fall). Long white lbs. Vigorous successfully grown in cool turnips with purple tops. vines. Sweet short season areas or south- Productive dual use variety red flesh has ern hot, humid, areas. The widely grown in Portugal few seeds. earliest of 114 varieties Blacktail Mountain for fodder as well as great The hard rind that Glenn Drowns grew eating for the winter table. Nabo Roxo makes this a Ali Baba in 1994. Round 9 in. fruits have a dark green #29108 Pkt $2.75 Comprido good choice rind with small brown seeds. Orange-red flesh Purple Top White for market gardeners and home storage. Great has sweet, rich flavor. When harvested just Globe OG ® 6 50 texture, outstanding flavor. #55126 Pkt (2 g, underripe, melons will ripen in storage and days. [Pre-1880.] A ~28 seeds) $2.95 keep up to 2 months. #55113 Pkt (1 g, ~22 seeds) $2.50 round, white turnip, Amish Moon 5 in. in diameter, with and Stars OG Cekirdegi Oyali OG S bright purple color S ® 6100 ® 6 (Crocheted Seed) around the top where days. [Rein- [Turkish heirloom. Intro- exposed to sunlight. troduced 1987 duced to the US by Two For best texture, har- Purple Top by SESE. An Seeds in a Pod.] Unique vest at 3 in. diameter White Globe Amish heirloom, seeds look like they have Cekirdegi Oyali or less. Classic turnip possibly a been carved, because as flavor. #29102 Pkt variant of ‘Sun, they dry the black seed casing cracks to reveal $2.50; #29102E (28 g) $5.50 Moon, and the white seed inside. Small, seedy melons, Scarlet Ohno Revival Stars’ introduced Amish Moon & Stars about 5 lbs each, with sweet red flesh. #55131 OG S ® 55 days. 1920.] 15–25 Pkt (2 g, ~18 seeds) $2.75 lb. oblong fruits with large yellow moons and [Japanese variety reselected New! Chou small stars on dark green rinds. Foliage marked by Frank Morton of Wild Cheh Red ® with yellow stars. This strain has a smooth, S Garden Seeds.] Lovely 75 Days. This is scarlet-skinned turnips, slightly ridged rind. Mottled brown seeds. Sweet, reddish-pink flesh. Seed grown and an exceptionally some round, some sweet variety! flattened. Shiny hairless stewarded by Living Energy Farm in Louisa, VA. #55103 Pkt (3 g, ~24 seeds) $2.95 The clear favor- strap-leaf greens with Scarlet Ohno Revival ite in SESE’s pink and scarlet stems. 2019 water- #29106 Pkt $2.75 Turnip Greens melon tasting. White Egg OG Chou Cheh S ® 48 days. (Salad Turnips) Red comes Fast-growing turnip Seven Top OG ® from Shaanxi Chou Cheh Red popular in the 6 (Southern Province, Chi- South. Egg-shaped Prize) 45 days. na, via the USDA seed bank (PI 435990), and roots, 31 × 21 in., [Pre-1880.] Popular was identified as a standout in Common Wealth grow partly above Southern variety Seed Growers’ 2016 trials. Small, oblong fruits ground. Crowns are often grown for average 5 lbs. Very productive and early, and green-tinted. Flesh is winter green. Used forgiving of sub-optimal growing conditions. white, fine-grained, for greens, not Downy mildew resistance makes it a good and mild-flavored. the roots, which Seven Top choice for late season harvests, but it’s also great Good bunching are woody. Leaves as an early crop. Showed gummy stem blight variety. #29103 Pkt White Egg grow 18–22 in. tall, but should be resistance in a 2005 NC State trial. #55134 Pkt $2.75; #29103E (28 g) $8.50 harvested when young and tender. #29201 (2 g, ~41 seeds) $3.50 Pkt $2.50; #29201E (28 g) $5.50 58 Turnips, Watermelon www.SouthernExposure.com oon nd tars ® Crimson Sweet OG M A S , New! Renick Yellow S 6 ® 85 days. [1964.] Yellow Fleshed [From the Renick Family of Ash- Medium-sized, striped OG S ® 6 90 ville, OH, via Linda Roberts, melon with tolerance days. [Early 1900s Bill Ellis, and SSE.] High yields to anthracnose (race 1 GA family heirloom. of small melons with sweet and 3) and Fusari- Introduced 1987 yellow flesh. Much tastier rinds um (race 1 and 2). by SESE. Years than most watermelons have. ago, a melon of this Moon & Stars, #55133 Pkt (2 g , ~44 seeds) Great-tasting melons Renick Yellow are typically 10 × 12 description was Yellow-Fleshed $2.50 in., weighing 23–27 Crimson Sweet routinely shipped from Bermuda to some Southern states around Stone Mountain OG S lbs. A unique feature ® 6 95 days. [1923. A of this variety is its ability to promote beneficial Christmas time.] Good flavor, the sweetest Moon and Stars variety. 15–35 lb fruits. Has some commercial bestseller from soil fungi that inhibit Fusarium wilt. A reliable the ‘30s and ’40s – thanks variety for the Southeast. This is the variety tolerance to disease and drought. Rind has many small yellow stars and some moons. To serve, to grower Rodger Winn many melon lovers come back to after trying the for bringing back this old rest! #55101 Pkt (2 g, ~48 seeds) $2.50 try halving melons and scooping out the insides using a melon ball scoop. Scallop the edges and Southern favorite.] Slightly Crimson Sweet, fill with melon balls of red and yellow watermel- oval 30 lb fruits with a Stone Mountain Virginia Select OG on, muskmelon, and assorted fruit. #55106 Pkt dark green rind and sweet, S ® [Introduced (3 g, ~28 seeds) $2.95 juicy red flesh. Thick, split-resistant rind makes 2009 by SESE.] It’s it great for shipping and storage. #55117 Pkt (3 hard to improve on Nancy OG S ® 6 90 g, ~30 seeds) $2.75 Crimson Sweet’s days [Pre-1885, GA. ® The thinner rind made it Strawberry OG S 6 vigor and great 85 days. [Selected from a flavor, but Pam hard to ship, so this was the variety that commer- FL heirloom by Walt Childs, Dawling is at it! Crimson Sweet, introduced 1989 by SESE.] Since 2001, she’s VA Select cial watermelon growers would save for their own Nancy Strawberry-red flesh ripens to been saving this within ½ in. of the rind. Del- locally adapted strain, selecting for large, early families!] 14 in. x 16 in. melons average 25 lbs. Very sweet pink-red flesh, icate texture and outstanding melons with good flavor and healthy foliage. flavor, one of the best we of- Strawberry #55118 Pkt (2 g, ~46 seeds) $2.75 white seeds. Above-average disease resistance, excellent drought resistance. #55128 Pkt (3 g, fer. Long melons (8 × 20 in.), Early Moonbeam OG S ~36 seeds) $2.75 15-25 lbs, dark green rind with darker green ® 76 days. [Alan Kap- stripes, white seeds. Very good disease resistance. uler.] Sweet, crisp yellow Odell’s Large #55110 Pkt (3 g, ~31 seeds) $2.95 White OG S ® icebox melon, 5–8 lbs. Sugar Baby OG ® 77 days. Thin, light green rind. 6 (White Stoney Mountain) 90 [1959.] Icebox sized, 6–8 Short vines make this in. melons with a hard a great melon for small days [Rare SC heir- loom ~1840 from rind which turns green- gardens. #55123 Pkt (2 black when ripe. Handles g, ~42 seeds) $2.75 Early Moonbeam Pomaria Nursery.] Very large melons drought well. 6–10 lb fruits Golden Midget (30-35 lbs) have with red flesh and small Sugar Baby S ® 72 days exceptional storage Odell’s White seeds. Consistently reliable [1959.] Early, quality and a rich and widely adapted, a good space-saving variety. small 3-lb. melons sweet flavor said to rival the legendary “Brad- #55111 Pkt (2 g, ~45 seeds) $2.50 with salmon-red ford.” The fruit is light green with pink flesh and White Wonder OG S flesh and a built- tender white rind perfect for pickling. Our seed ® 6 80 days. [Rare in ripeness indica- is grown by Rodger Winn from stock stewarded today, white-fleshed tor: the rind turns by his wife Karen Metzes’s family since 1880. melons were common in yellow when the #55130 Pkt (2 g, ~31 seeds) $2.75 the 1800s.] High yields melons are ready ® of 3–10 lb icebox-size for harvest. (Don’t Golden Midget OrangeGlo OG S 85 days. One of the best melons. Creamy white be alarmed by flesh is crisp with a fresh, the leaves: some orange-flesh watermel- White Wonder ons. Very crisp, sweet, sweet taste. Green rind yellow foliage is normal for this variety.) #55129 with darker green stripes, Pkt (2 g, ~36 seeds) $2.50 and flavorful deep orange flesh. Vigorous this unique white fleshed melon will be a hit at plant produces heavy farmers markets or on the picnic table. #55119 yields of 25 lb. melons Pkt (2 g, ~47 seeds) $2.75 with light and dark Wilson Sweet OG S ® 6 green stripes. #55127 85 days. The sweet red flesh Pkt (3 g, ~30 seeds) OrangeGlo and crisp juicy texture of $2.95 this melon draws comments Quetzali PVP ® like “the best melon I ever 83 days. Best of our tasted.” The unusual green 1999 taste trials. Very mottled rind protects from Marmony Marble sweet, crisp 7–13 lb. The sun scald. Thanks to Sand rind is unusually thick, Hill Preservation Center and grower Merlyn Niedens for Marmony Marble OG S ® 6 Medium-sized so loss to splitting tends to be low. Dark and light saving this excellent melon fruits with sweet pink flesh and mottled rinds. from near-extinction. Try Small, reddish seeds that several of us found green stripes. Pink- red flesh, small seeds. it, we think you’ll like it! pleasant to munch on along with the fruit. #55120 Pkt (2 g, ~28 seeds) Wilson Sweet #55132 Pkt (2 g, ~37 seeds) $2.75 #55115 Pkt (2 g, ~47 seeds) $2.75 Quetzali PVP $2.95

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Watermelon 59 Anise-Hyssop OG (Licorice 2 Herbs 2 Mint) (Agastache foeniculum) Culture and germination: Each herb has specific growing requirements. Please see our book section [P/70°F/LD/7/tp,ds/sun, part for additional growing information, as well as culinary and medicinal uses. Medicinal herbs: Infor- shade/18–48 in.] Native to the mation on medicinal herbs is condensed from various literature sources and is intended as a guide North-Central US. Beautiful for decisions for planting only. Any remedies described here are not intended as medical claims, nor decorative herb used for as a prescription for self-treatment, nor as a substitute for professional care or medical treatment. potpourri and to make a See your physician or qualified health professional prior to using herbs medicinally. Germination of superb aromatic herb tea. Also herb seed: Many herbs naturally vary greatly in their germination. Some can be higher than 80% quite tasty as a salad green. while others can be lower than 20%. Also please note that some herbs have Excellent nectar plant for special germination requirements. beekeepers. Attractive spires of lavender flowers. Medicinal: Anise (Pimpinella anisum) Relaxes capillaries. Used by some Anise-Hyssop 75 days. [A/70°F/LD/14/ Asians and American Indians for Key to Herb dsALF/sun/24 in./does best chest pain and respiratory ailments. Cultural Notes in cool weather.] Seeds are #71202 Pkt (0.05 g, ~230 seeds) $2.75 often used in applesauce, Astragalus OG (Chinese Milk Vetch) (Astraga- Cultural notes for herbs are often given in breads, soups, and teas for lus membranaceus) [P/scarify seed/D/7–12/Sp,- brackets after the variety name or category licorice-like flavor. Leaves Fall/tp,ds/sun/24 in.] Legume with reclining, name. The notes may also include spacing can be used in salads. Medic- spreading growth habit. Medicinal: The 4th requirements and days to maturity. inal: Hot tea helps break up or 5th year root is a traditional Chinese herb, bronchial mucous. Carmi- Anise Huang Qi, used since ancient times to increase A = annual, B = biennial, P = perennial native – a digestive aid for and tonify qi. Said to be a deep immune system The USDA Plant Hardiness Zone number relief of gas and cramping. activator. #71283 Pkt (0.2 g, ~50 seeds) is given for most biennials and perennials. #71201 Pkt (0.75 g, ~145 seeds) $2.50 $2.75 Cannot ship to HI For example, B4 means biennial in zones 4 through 10. Note that some perennials Kapoor Tulsi perform as annuals in the North. Basil (Sweet & Fancy Types) OG S ® (Holy Ocimum basilicum, unless noted Basil) (O. sanctum) Temperature °F = recommended soil Culture: A/70°F/D/7–14/tp,ds,ALF/sun/18–30 in. [A/55°F night, 70°F temperature for germination. Medicinal: Basil has been used as a carminative. Re- day/D/14/tp,ds/18 search indicates it may inhibit gastric acid secretion in.] Fragrance re- Stratify (Pre-chill) = Seeds require a moist minscent of fruit and cold treatment to break dormancy. Put Bolloso Napoletano cloves. Many me- dicinal and culinary seeds in covered moist planting medium in Basil OG S ® 6 This Kapoor Tulsi refrigerator for at least 4 - 6 weeks. variety comes from Na- uses. Stems, leaves, Scarify = Abrade in order to break dorman- ples and is highly prized flowers, and seeds cy, such as with a nail file or sandpaper. for its strong flavor. Giant are all good for making tea. Frequent harvests rumpled 6 in. leaves are recommended. Easy to grow. Self-sows readily. D = Dark required for germination. Cover great for pesto, though #71104 Pkt (0.12 g, ~211 seeds) $2.75 with soil, or use black plastic. the thick leaves are Krishna Tulsi OG L = Light required for germination. Cover harder to dry than most. ® Bolloso Napoletano S 6 (Red Holy lightly with soil or leave exposed on the Vigorous 3 ft. plants are Basil) (O. sanctum) soil surface. pest-resistant and slow to Red-leaved plants make LD = No specific light requirement. flower. #71111 Pkt (0.15 g, a red-tinted tisane. ~102 seeds) $2.75 Grown outside holy Days to germinate: Average number of Cinnamon Basil OG Has a sanctuaries in India. days to germinate. Traditionally used in spicy cinnamon fragrance. Krishna Tulsi Use as a tea or potpourri. ceremonies, in food, sun = Needs full sun for best results. #71102 Pkt (0.25 g, ~240 Cinnamon and for tea. Slow to shade = Tolerates/requires shade. seeds) $2.50 flower. Limited quantity – order early! #71113 Pkt (0.12 g) $2.75 Planting: ds = direct sow, tp = transplant. Dark Opal Basil OG (var. Lemon Basil (O. citrio- Sp = Spring, Su = Summer, Fall = Fall purpureum) [1962, AAS win- OG ner.] Ornamental dark purple dora) Deep lemon fragrance. basil used like common basil Use for fish dishes, herb vin- ALF = after last frost egars, and tea. #71105 Pkt BLF = before last frost. for seasoning. May have a few green leaves. Beautiful in (0.12 g, ~89 seeds) $2.50 Height Mature plant height in inches. salads. #71103 Pkt (0.15 g, Lemon Basil, Mrs. Burns’ ~111 seeds) $2.50 ® 6 O. citriodora Dark Opal OG S ( ) Lemon Example: Anise (Pimpinella anisum) Eritrean Basil OG S ® [New Mexico heirloom.] [A/70oF/LD/14/dsALF/sun/24 in.]: Anise 6 (O. gratissimum) [Family Larger leaves (2½ in.) and is an annual (A) whose seeds germinate heirloom from an Eritrean stronger flavor make this the preferred lemon best at 70oF. The seeds have no specific exchange student. Introduced basil variety for chefs. #71305 Pkt (0.12 g, requirement for light (L) or dark (D) in by SESE 2008.] Compact ~66 seeds) $2.75 order to germinate. Seedlings will emerge plant with beautiful, small, Lettuce Leaf Basil in approximately 14 days at the recom- purple-tinged green foliage, mended germination temperature of 70oF. OG S (O. basilicum var. stunning in flower. It has a crispum) 85 days. The most Direct sow (ds) after the last frost (ALF). strongly attractive and spicy Anise grows best in full sun and reaches an productive of the basils, odor, and is much used in this large Italian variety average height of 24 in. African cuisine. #71302 Pkt (0.12 g, ~70 seeds) $2.75 is excellent for pesto and basil in oil. #71106 Pkt Eritrean (0.15 g, ~94 seeds) $2.75 60 Herbs www.SouthernExposure.com Lettuce Leaf Bergamot (Bee Balm) Borage OG (Borago officinalis) Calendula Calendula officianalis Monarda spp. 80 days. [A/70°F/L/10/ds, tp/sun/ 24–36 in.] Borage Culture: A/55–65°F/D/14/tp,ds/sun/18 in. [P4/70°F/LD/14–21/sun, part shade/48 in.] is a bushy herb with /85 days. Plants fade in deep summer heat and bright blue edible humidity, but can be reseeded for late summer/ Lemon Bergamot 6 (M. citriodora) [Native to flowers. The plant has early fall harvest. Flowers are used as a food color, the Appalachians.] Some variation in blossom been used to attract natural dye, and substitute for saffron. For edible color and citrus odor. Use dried leaves for bumble bee pollina- flowers, use the outer part of the petals (the lemon scented herb tea or for flavoring meat tors to garden plots. whitish bit where the petals connect to the head or fish dishes. Harvest leaves before flowers The leaves can be used is the most bitter). Medicinal: Traditionally used appear. #71203 Pkt (0.15 g, sparingly to add a cucum- as an anti-inflammatory herb for localized skin ~270 seeds) $2.50 ber-like flavor in salads, or problems. Reported to activate cellular defense for flavoring cool drinks. Plants mechanisms. Wild Bergamot OG (M. fade in deep summer heat and Borage fistulosa) A favorite of humidity, but can be reseeded Calendula, hummingbirds and bees. for late summer/early fall harvest Pacific Beau- Flowers of varying shades Medicinal: Seeds contain over 20% ty Mix OG S of lavender may be added GLA (gamma linolenic acid) which is extracted 85 days. 3 in. to salads. Use fragrant and used commercially as an economical substi- yellow-orange dried leaves for tea tute for evening primrose oil. #71205 Pkt (1 g, flowers. #71207 Pacific Beauty Mix and potpourris. ~56 seeds) $2.50 Pkt (0.5 g, ~92 Medicinal: Used seeds) $2.75 by several Native Burnet, Salad OG American tribes as a (Poterium sanguisor- Calendula, carminative. ba) [P4/70°F/LD/ Resina OG S #71204 Pkt (0.1 g, Bright yellow, Wild Bergamot tp,ds/sun/18 in.] ~197 seeds) $2.75 Highly cold-hardy medium-size plant has a nutty-cu- flowers; variety cumber flavor, a great includes a few way to add cucumber orange flowers. Lime Basil OG (O. flavor to winter salads. Medicinal: americanum) Similar to Salad Burnet Flowers during the This strain has Resina Lemon Basil but with summer, then revives the highest darker green leaves and in cooler weather. In hot climates, shade plants amount of the a lime fragrance. Accent during summer, or sow a new batch in late sum- resins prized by herbalists. #71303 Pkt (0.5 g, for soups, salads, and mer. #71206 Pkt (0.6 g, ~85 seeds) $2.75 ~31 seeds) $2.75; #71303C (7 g) $7.25 fish. #71288 Pkt (0.12 g, ~85 seeds) $2.50 Spicy Bush Basil Caraway Lime (Carum carvi) 70 days. [B4/70°F/L/ Mammoth Basil OG S OG S (O. basilicum 14/ds/sun/24 in.] Use the dried seeds for Huge, wide, shiny var. minimum) Very flavoring breads, leaves for salads, and roots as green leaves, twice aromatic miniature a vegetable (raw or cooked). Used especially as large as other (8–12 in.) bush basil. to flavor rye bread and cabbage dishes. This Italian basils. A One of the prettiest biennial produces seeds its second year after few leaves make a basils with small Spicy Bush over-wintering. Medicinal: Highly regarded harvest. Add it to shiny leaves on highly as a carminative. Also has anti-spasmodic and salads or to make branched stems. anti-microbial properties. #71208 Pkt (0.4 g, a fine-flavored #71108 Pkt (0.15 g, ~127 seeds) $2.75 ~162 seeds) $2.50 #71290 Pkt pesto. Sweet Genovese (0.12 g, ~67 seeds) Cardoon 6 (Cynara cardunculus) [A/70°F/LD/ Basil 85 days. $2.75 OG tp/sun/48–72 in.] The ancestor of artichokes, Mammoth A select large- with spinier leaves and a non-edible flower Mrihani OG S leaf strain. Use head, but the stalks are harvested like celery and ® 6 Great-tasting, fresh or dried for cooked. The leaves are bitter and should be re- relatively mild, ruffled flavoring sauces, moved. Good in soups or stews, pickled or fried. leaves with notes of soups, dressings, #71209 Pkt (0.5 g, ~14 seeds) $2.50 anise. Slow to bolt, and pesto. Our and has very good most popular basil. Catnip OG ® 6 resistance to basil #71107 Pkt (0.20 (Nepeta cataria) downy mildew. From g, ~110 seeds) [P4 / 70°F / L / Zanzibar, where it is $2.50; #71107C 7–21 / tp / sun used in perfumes as (7 g) $5.75 Sweet Genovese / 24–30 in.] Use well as food. #71114 Mrihani this mint for teas, Sweet Thai Basil Pkt (0.12 g, ~70 ® or for amusing OG Spicy flavor your cat. (Note seeds) $2.75 reminiscent of anise that only about Catnip Red Rubin Basil OG and cloves goes well 2 out of 3 cats A purple version of in curries and many are amused! The remainder, who do not have Italian Large Leaf basil. other Asian dishes. the dominant gene for this response, are bored Leaves are larger and Purple stems and by this plant.) Medicinal: Traditionally used more uniformly colored flowers contrast for colds and flu primarily as a diaphoretic for than Dark Opal basil. attractively with the feverish conditions. Nepetalactone, the primary Sweet aroma and flavor. 2 in. green leaves. ingredient of the essential oil, is chemically #71289 Pkt (0.12 g, 12–18 in. plants. similar to the sedative component of Valerian. ~78 seeds) $2.50 #71112 Pkt (0.18 g, #71210 Pkt (0.15 g, ~215 seeds) $2.50 Red Rubin ~185 seeds) $2.75 Sweet Thai

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Herbs 61 Chamomile, German Cress (Various Varieties) See Greens, p. 24. Echinacea (Coneflower) Echinacea spp. OG (Matricaria recutita) [A/55–60°F/ L/tp/sun/24–30 Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) [A4/70°F/ds/sun/12 Culture: P3–9/stratify at 40°F if needed/LD/ in.] The sweet-scented flowers in.] Long warm growing season required. Used for tp,ds/Sp/sun/24–36 in. All Echinaceas are of Chamomile are used to flavoring chili and dishes spiced with hot peppers. drought resistant. Keep young plants well weed- make Chamomile tea which #71220 Pkt (0.5 g, ~194 seeds) $2.50 ed. Germination is typically around 50% and all has a distinctive apple-like species except E. purpurea require stratification flavor and fragrance. Medic- Dill Anethum graveolens (a period of moist pre-chilling) to break seed inal: Chamomile has long dormancy. Seeds may be stratified by sowing in German [A/70°F/L/7–21/ds/sun/30–48 in.] been used as a carminative, Chamomile flats or pots in a cold frame over the winter, or and as an anti-inflammatory, a refrigerator for 2–4 months depending on the Bouquet Dill Similar to Long Island Mam- anti-ulcer remedy to protect OG species. As little as 3 weeks of stratification will moth but shorter plants with larger flower/seed give some germination. Medicinal: All 9 species gastric mucous membranes. It is also anti-spas- heads and larger leaves. A choice popular variety modic, and anti-microbial. Used as a nasal wash are medicinally important, and all parts of the for pickling. #71221 Pkt (0.75 g, ~576 seeds) plant have some activity. Several pharmacolog- to treat sinusitis. #71212 Pkt (0.15 g, ~1440 $2.50 seeds) $2.75 ical studies have demonstrated immuno-stimu- Dukat Dill OG S A lant, bacteriostatic, and anti-viral activity. It may Chervil, Brussels Winter be used as an anti-microbial anywhere in the Anthriscus cerefolium European selection from OG S ( ) Mammoth bred for high body. It activates macrophages, increases white [A/55°F/L/7–21/tp,ds/ part essential oil content which blood cell levels, and inhibits microbial hyaluro- shade/24 in.] Fresh chervil is gives this variety a delicate nidase (an enzyme that causes host cells to break an excellent flavoring aromatic fragrance and down.) Echinacea is often used as a short term for peas, potatoes, flavor. Plants up to 6 ft. tall! immune stimulant (2 weeks maximum), but it is carrots, eggs, and fish. #71263 Pkt (0.75 g, ~515 contraindicated in autoimmune system disorders Loses its flavor when seeds) $2.50; #71263D and progressive diseases. dried, but the flavor can Brussels (14 g) $5.50 Dukat be preserved in chervil butter. Winter Chervil Best quality comes from Fernleaf Dill [1992, plants grown in partial shade in AAS winner.] An attractive, successive sowings. Medicinal: Traditionally used early, compact dill variety, as a diaphoretic to treat fevers. #71213 Pkt (1 g, 18 in. tall with finely di- ~440 seeds) $2.75 vided fern-like dark-green leaves. Best variety for Chives Allium spp. leaf production and early fall crops. Fernleaf is a [P3/60–70°F/D/tp,ds/sun, part shade/12 in.] slow-bolting, space-saving variety especially suitable Echinacea angustifolia Chives OG (A. schoenopra- for containers. #71222 sum) 80 days. Grow indoors Fernleaf Pkt (0.75 g, ~528 seeds) Echinacea angustifolia OG (Narrow-Leaved or outdoors for year-round $2.75 onion flavoring. Use chopped Coneflower) [stratify 90–120 days.] [Native to the dry prairies of the central U.S. This species has leaves and young flowers to Long Island Mammoth a long history of medicinal use starting with the add flavor and decorative gar- Dill OG 6 70 days. The nish to salads. Medicinal: A standard heirloom variety Native American tribes of the Great Plains.] The tonifying and healthful herb. for flavoring pickles, soups, plants are the smallest of the echinaceas (8–18 The essential oil is highly anti- breads, stews, salads, and in.) and the spreading pink ray petals are the bacterial. #71214 Pkt (0.2 g, sauces. #71223 Pkt (0.75 shortest (3/4–13/8 in. long). #71264 Pkt (0.2 g, ~183 seeds) $2.75; #71214D g, ~576 seeds) $2.50; ~52 seeds) $2.75 Chives Long Island (14 g) $6.50 #71223D (14 g) $5.50 Mammoth Garlic Chives OG Fennel Foeniculum vulgare dulce ® (Chinese Leeks, Epazote (Mexican Tea, American Wormseed, Chinese Chives) Culture: B2–5,P6–10/70°F/D/7–14/ds/ Paico) S ® (Dysphania ambrosioides) (A. tuberosum) 80 OG sun/36–60 in. Medicinal: Fennel is used as a [A/70°F/LD/21/tp/sun/24–48 in.] Fresh leaves carminative to relieve flatulence and colic while days. Leaves are are ground or crushed for seasoning corn, larger and flatter stimulating digestion. It is also anti-spasmodic, beans, and sauces used in Mexican dishes. Me- anti-inflammatory, and is similar than chives. Garlic dicinal: A strong tea rubbed on the skin repels flavor for salads and to anise in calming bronchial insects and reduces irritation from insect bites. coughs. It has estrogenic activ- seasoning. #71215 Also helps reduce flatulence from beans and Pkt (0.7 g, ~173 ity and stimulates milk flow Garlic Chives relieves indigestion. #71225 Pkt (0.1 g, ~630 in nursing mothers. seeds) $2.75 seeds) $2.75 Fennel, Bronze OG Cilantro/Coriander OG (Coriander sativum) S (var. Rubrum) This [A/60°F/D/7–21/ds/sun/30 in.] Widely used decorative fennel has in cuisines from around the world. Plants beautiful lacy bronze leaves. are most often harvested in the leafy stage of Useful as an ornamental as their development (cilantro) or the mature well as a culinary sweet fennel. seed stage (coriander). Roots, flowers, and #71226 Pkt (0.2 g, ~75 seeds) Bronze Fennel immature seeds are also tasty. Plant monthly $2.75 successions. Difficult to start in hot weather - sow in shade, or keep soil covered and cool Fennel, Florence OG (var. Azoricum) until seedlings emerge. Self-sows in cool 90 days. Known to Italian gardeners as Finocchio. weather. Hardy to 15°F. #71216 Pkt (1 g, Dill-shaped leaves with distinctive licorice flavor. ~90 seeds) $2.50; #71216D (14 g) $5.25; May produce bulbs, which can be blanched or eaten #71216F (1 lb) $7.25 Florence Fennel raw in salads. #71227 Pkt (1 g, ~300 seeds) $2.75 Cilantro/Coriander 62 Herbs www.SouthernExposure.com Hibiscus – Lovage Levisticum officinale Echinacea pallida (Pale Purple Coneflow- See Roselle, page 64. ( ) [P3/65°F/D/14/ OG tp/sun, part shade/60 in.] As a culinary herb, er) [P3–9/stratify 60 days at 40°F/LD/tp,ds/Sp/ Horehound, White sun/24–36 in.] [Native to open woods and rocky lovage has a celery-like flavor but richer with (Marrubium vulgare) hints of fennel and curry. Use the stems, leaves, prairies from NE Texas to central Illinois.] Droop- [P4/60°F/D/tp,ds/ ing flower petals are 1½–3½ in. long and may and seeds in the same fashion as celery. Medic- sun/18–24 in.] This inal: As a medicinal herb, lovage is used as a tea range in color from pink, purple, or white, but member of the mint are typically rosy purple, with a purple-brown for its diuretic effect and as a carminative (relief family has a pleasant of gas). #71233 Pkt (0.25 g, ~70 seeds) $2.50 flower disc. Long, narrow leaves. 18–36 in. tall. fragrance and a men- Medicinal, drought-tolerant plant. #71265 Pkt thol-like flavor. Use as Marjoram, Sweet OG (0.2 g, ~42 seeds) $2.75 a tea and a flavoring for (Origanum hortensis) 70 days. Echinacea paradoxa Horehound candies. [P10/60°F/LD/21/tp/sun/12 (Yellow Coneflow- Medicinal: Contains White in./Don’t overwater.] Resembles Horehound er) [stratify 60 days.] substances which stimulate oregano in flavor though milder [Native to open secretions of the bron- with subtle overtones of balsam. woods, balds, and chial mucosa, soothe coughs, and break up mucus. Add it fresh to salads and toma- rocky prairies; espe- #71229 Pkt (0.15 g, ~140 seeds) $2.50 toes. Uses are similar to orega- cially common to the no. Medicinal: Inhibits herpes Hyssop OG (Hyssopus officina- simplex virus in laboratory Arkansas Ozarks and lis) [P4/65°F/D/tp/sun/24 Missouri.] The most studies. #71234 Pkt (0.18 g, in.] Ornamental shrubby ~1080 seeds) $2.75 exceptional of the herb used to season poultry. Sweet Marjoram echinaceas because Active constituents of hyssop the petals are yellow include volatile oils with a rather than purple, Echinacea paradoxa camphor-like odor and strong hence the name E. flavor. Medicinal: Hyssop tea paradoxa. Leaves are flavored with honey is used long and narrow. 24–48 in. tall. Deserves a place in as an expectorant. Collect the both medicinal and ornamental gardens. #71266 flowering tops in August and Pkt (0.2 g, ~52 seeds) $2.75 dry in the sun. #71230 Pkt (0.1 g, ~95 seeds) $2.75 Hyssop Echinacea Mexican Mint Marigold purpurea OG Lavender, English (Purple Coneflow- (Munstead) (Lavan- Mexican Mint Marigold ® 6 (Mexican er) A very popular dula vera var. Mun- OG ornamental and Tarragon, Sweet Mace) (Tagetes lucida) [P8/ stead) [P5 / 70°F min 70°F / L /5–15 days / sun / ds, tp ALF.] Used the most common / LD / 30 / tp / sun / species, widely as a substitute for French tarragon. Often com- 18 in. / Requires good pared to licorice and anise. Leaves are best used used as a medicinal drainage and wind plant. The flowers raw or added at the end of cooking; goes well protection. Sow seed in fish and chicken dishes, soups, salads, pestos, are 3–4 in. across in slightly alkaline with pink-orange and vinegars. In Mexico, leaves and flowers sterile medium. Ger- are used for tea. Can be used for dried flower cone-shaped minates and grows centers and pur- arrangements. Does very well in hot climates, slowly.] Munstead, #71309 Pkt (0.10 g, ple-pink rays. Easy English Lavender perennial in zones 8–11. the most aromatic of ~200 seeds) $2.75 to germinate and the lavenders, is sweet widely adapted. Echinacea purpurea and delicate. Flowers are deeper blue than other Milk Thistle OG (Silybum marianum) [A Unlike other echin- lavender strains. Long-lasting, pleasant scent also or B/L/7–14/Sp, Fall/ds/sun/48–60 in.] All aceas the seeds do prevents moth damage in woolens and discourag- parts are edible. The young leaves (with spines not require cold treatment, the roots are fibrous es musty odors in linens. Medicinal: Traditional removed) may be used in salads or cooked as a rather than taprooted, and the plant is more herbal remedy used for stress-related headaches. vegetable. Attractive, showy rose-purple flowers. highly branched at the top. #71224 Pkt (0.2 g, Also a carminative, antidepressant and calming Medicinal: The active principle is silymarin, ~45 seeds) $2.50 tonic for the nervous system. #71231 Pkt (0.15 a complex that helps stabilize and regenerate g, ~150 seeds) $2.50 liver cells. #71274 Pkt (1 g, ~40 seeds) $2.50 Feverfew Cannot ship to TX. OG (Chrysanthe- Lemon Balm OG ® (Melissa offi- mum parthenium) [P4– cinalis) [P4/70°F/ L/10/ Mint OG (Mentha sp.) 10/70°F/L/10–14/ds,tp/sun/30 tp/sun/30 in.] Use for [P5/70°F/L/14/tp/sun, in./Remove flower heads hot and refreshing part shade/18 in.] Hardy, before seed forms, cold teas as a lemon aromatic native plant. otherwise the plant substitute. Essential Variable. Mint grown will grow as an oils are volatile from seed does not come annual.] Small resulting in more true and produces plants daisy-like blooms on fragrance than that vary widely in flavor light-green foliage. flavor. Medicinal: from spearmint to men- Medicinal: Vasodila- Lemon balm has an- thol mint to peppermint. tor and anti-inflam- ti-viral action in lab Sow in pots and transplant matory. Studies pub- Feverfew tests against herpes your favorite plants. Can lished in the British simplex, mumps, be used for mint sauce, medical journal Lancet and other viruses. jelly, desserts, and, fresh or reported that 2–3 fresh leaves of feverfew eaten Also a sedative, Lemon Balm dried, for tea. Medicinal: daily over a period of time reduced the severity calmative, and car- A cooling herb for external Mint and frequency of migraines. Feverfew has minative. #71232 inflammation. Internally it potential value in relieving arthritis symptoms. Pkt (0.19 g, ~345 has spasmolytic, carmina- Contraindicated during pregnancy. #71228 seeds) $2.50 tive, and expectorant properties. #71235 Pkt Pkt (0.1 g, ~800 seeds) $2.75 (0.05 g, ~600 seeds) $2.95

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Herbs 63 Wild Garden Perennial Insectary Papalo (Papaloquelite) ® (Porophyllum ruderale) OG S ® The backbones of a spring through [A/70/LD/7-10/tp,ds/ fall oasis for your resident bene- sun/72 in.] Mexican herb ficial insects. A complement of with decorative round self-sowing annuals, biennials, and 2 in. leaves (wider than perennials provide food, shelter, the Bolivian type). The and pollen. Broadcast or sow in unique, complex taste is rows 14 in. apart, thinning to a most often compared to Papalo final spacing of 12 in. Manage Greek Oregano cilantro, but also some- plants by weeding and thinning times to arugula, lemon, and even rue. General- volunteers each spring. The leaves Oregano, Greek OG (Origanum vulgare) ly used raw; great in tacos, salsa, and many other are edible. Includes fennel, Korean [P5/60°F/L/14–21/tp/sun/12 in.] An essential Mexican dishes. Like cilantro, it is loved by mint, garden sorrel, alexanders, spice of pizza as well as tomato, cheese, and meat many and hated by a few, although many prefer chervil, parsley, chicory, cress, tur- dishes. This is the flavorful Greek Oregano, not one to the other. Once established, papalo grows nip, mustard, calendula, amaranth, and orach. the flavorless oregano commonly available. Me- quickly and easily. One planting can provide #92010 Pkt (7 g) $7.25 dicinal: Mildly carminative and anti-spasmodic. fresh greens for months. May self-sow in warm #71237 Pkt (0.05 g, ~500 seeds) $2.75 areas. #71308 Pkt (0.20 g, ~100 seeds) $2.95 Seasonal Items: Parsley (Various Varieties) See Greens, p. 26. Shipping Surcharges Apply At-Risk Medicinal Herbs Purslane, Golden OG S (Portulaca oleracea sativa) [A/70°F/7–10/LD/ Shipping Surcharge: $2 for one item, $4 total for any two or more items ds,tp/Sp ALF/sun/12–18 in.] Up- includes all fall shipped items: garlic, woodland medicinals (below), and onion bulbs. right plants with orange stems and Ginseng & Goldenseal ship in October. large smooth succulent leaves. If ordering by mail, pre-order by September 1st. U.S. shipping addresses only. Cut-and-come-again edible for salads. Medicinal: Wild purslane The following herbs are on the Appendix 2 of the CITES (Convention on International Trade in is a source of omega-3 fatty acids. Endangered Species) list. They are also on the United Plant Savers primary list. Wild stands of these Hypotensive and diuretic proper- plants are disappearing from the woods of N. America. Whenever we plant these native plants in our ties reported. #71299 Pkt (0.15 Golden Purslane woodlands we help ensure their long-term survival. Planting instructions included. g, ~360 seeds) $2.75 Roselle, Thai Red ® 6 ( Ginseng Goldenseal OG S Hibiscus sabdariffa) [TP/75– 85°F/7–14 days/ sun/36–60 in./tp.] Beautiful 3–5 ft. plants with red stems and leaf veins. The bright red calyxes can be used to make “zingy” tea, sauce, syrup, or jam, or candied whole for Thai Red Roselle an unusual treat. For strongly flavored teas, simmer for 10–20 min- Goldenseal Rhizomes (Hydrastis canadensis) Ginseng Seed S (Panax quinquefolius) Grows utes. Roselle was called “Florida cranberry” in 1–2 ft. with toothed leaves, small green/white Grows up to 16 in. with light green leaves, the 1890s. The flowers and young leaves are ed- flowers and bright red berries in early summer. small flower in late spring followed by a red ible and have a citrus tang. The stir-fried greens Plant 6 in. apart in raised beds. Requires 75% berry. Yellow rhizome is planted by root divi- are much used in Burmese cooking! Space plants shade – either forest or artificial. Likes hu- sions in the fall. A mature plant can be divided 3-6 ft. apart – the wider the spacing, the more mus-rich soil with good drainage. Fertilize and 3 to 5 times. Requires 75% shade in rich soil. calyxes will ripen. The only variety in several mulch well. Sustainably grown seeds. See below Plant grows from southern Canada to Georgia, trials to begin flowering by mid-summer here in for medicinal information. Seed stratified for 1 Alabama, and Kansas. Medicinal: Well known Virginia. #71301 Pkt (0.6 g, ~20 seeds) $2.95; year and shipped in fall ready to plant. to contain powerful antibacterial properties #71301C (7 g) $8.75 and has been used to treat inflamed mucous #71293 Pkt (2 g, ~20 seeds, see shipping New! Roselle, St. info above) $3.95 membranes. #71602 8 rhizomes (see shipping info above) $14.95 Kitts and Nevis S ® 6 Ginseng Root S (Panax quinquefolius) (Hibiscus sabdarif- Requires north slope in a dense decidu- Growing & Marketing Gin- fa) [TP/75-85°F/7-14 ous forest. Grows well with goldenseal seng, Goldenseal & Other days/sun/48-66 in./ tp] Highly productive and other native woodland plants as Woodland Medicinals [ W. companions. Roots are planted in the Scott Persons and Jeanine M. strain, great for Deep fall and can be harvested after the 4th Davis.] This newly updated and South growers. Louise to 7th year. Medicinal: Used tradition- expanded edition gives recom- Divine and Herman St. Kitts & ally as a “cure-all” herb. It is known to mended methods of growing Holley of Turkey Hill Nevis Roselle enhance physical health due to its ability and marketing ginseng, golden- Farm in Tallahassee, to help the body adapt to stress. Please seal, ramps, black cohosh, be- Florida have grown many different roselles, and read more about this herb before using throot, bloodroot, blue cohosh, say this is the best for them, bearing loads of it medicinally. Planting guide includ- false unicorn, galax, mayapple, pinkroot, spikenard, large, dark red calyxes from September through ed. #71601 3 roots (2 years old, see wild ginger, wild indigo, and other native woodland November. Here in Virginia, the large plants shipping info above) $14.95; #71601Y medicinals. Includes over 200 photographs, numerous are 12-18 in. taller than Thai Red Roselle, but 8 roots (2 years old) $39.50 tables, and extensive references and resources. This flower 6 weeks later, so it may not make sizable invaluable resource will excite and inspire everyone calyxes before frost. #71312 Pkt (0.6g, ~20 from the home gardener to the full-time farmer. 2nd seeds) $2.95; #71312C (7 g) $8.75 edition. Softcover, 480 pp. #91160 $39.95 64 Herbs www.SouthernExposure.com ® Rosemary OG (Rosemari- Thyme Thymus spp. German Winter Thyme OG (T. vulgaris) nus officinalis) [P8/55°F 85 days. [Ht. 8 in., space 12 in. apart.] night, 70°F day/L/14–30 Culture: P4/55–60°F/ Flavoring for sauces, soups, meats, in./tp/sun.] Requires a LD/14–30/tp dressings, and bean dishes. Shrubby, ev- well-drained, alkaline ergreen perennial. Medicinal: Used soil. Sow seed in a Creeping Thyme (T. Creeping as an expectorant and bronchial sterile seed starting serpyllum) [Plant in anti-spasmodic and carminative. German mix with limestone full sun in the north, part shade in the #71250 Pkt (0.2 g) $2.75 Winter added. Germination south/4 in.] A low-growing herb suited for Summer Thyme OG ® (T. vulgaris) is normally low and Rosemary rock gardens and raised herb beds. Slow growth of seedlings is 90 days [Ht 6–12 in., perennial growing at first, it later forms dense mats. in zones 6–9.] Stronger flavor for slow. Rosemary is a ver- Provide shade where the summers are hot. satile culinary seasoning cooking, smaller plants than Ger- For culinary and ornamental use. #71249 #71304 Pkt for many vegetable or meat Pkt (0.2 g, ~1015 seeds) $2.50 man Winter Thyme. dishes. Medicinal: Rosemary (0.2 g) $2.75 Summer has diverse medicinal properties, the most notable being its use as Skullcap (Scutellaria lateri- Tobacco, Midewiwan a circulatory and nervine stimu- flora) [P/stratify 4–6 weeks/ Ceremonial (Mapucho, lant. Extracts of rosemary have strong LD/14–21/Sp/tp,ds/sun or Wild Tobacco) (Nicoti- antioxidant and preservative properties. light shade/12–24 in.] [Also ana rustica) [A/70°F/LD/ #71239 Pkt (0.07 g, ~58 called Virginian Scullcap or tp/sun/12–18 in.] Wide- seeds) $2.75 Mad-Dog Scullcap. The latter ly used in Native Ameri- name refers to its historical Skullcap can ceremonies, generally Sage, Common OG (Salvia of- use in treating rabies.] ficinalis Common Small without inhaling. Several ) 75 days. [P4/70°F/ purple-blue flowers are borne in slender one-sided times higher in nicotine LD/7–21/tp,ds/sun/22–28 Sage Midewiwan racemes in the leaf axils. Leaves are oval-shaped with than common smoking Ceremonial Tobacco in.] Best known as a flavoring serrated edges. Medicinal: Nervine tonic, sedative, and tobacco. The dried leaves herb for meats, dress- anti-spasmodic used to revivify, calm, and nourish the are used as an insecticide for greenhouse insects ings, and sauces. As an nervous system. Harvest aerial parts during August such as aphids, mites, and whiteflies. Protect ornamental, sage provides a and September. #71292 Pkt (0.1 g, ~55 seeds) $2.75 young seedlings from flea beetles. #71248 Pkt restful focal point for any (0.12 g, ~545 seeds) $2.95 herb garden. Medicinal: Soapwort (Saponaria officina- Traditionally used as a lis) [P3/70°F/L/10–21 days/ Valerian OG (Valeriana digestive tonic and nerve tonic. tp, ds/sun, part shade /12–24 officinalis) [P4/65°F/ Astringent and antibacterial. in.] Used as a natural soap, the LD/21–30/tp/sun, part #71241 Pkt (0.33 g, ~40 seeds) $2.75; roots and leaves are soaked or shade/ 48–60 in.] Small #71241C (7 g) $6.25 heated in water to extract sa- aromatic white flowers ponins which produce a lather. Soapwort are borne in sprays on tall A non-irritating skin cleanser, plants. Naturalizes easily. Seasonal Items: shampoo, and soap for delicate Medicinal: Pharmacological Shipping Surcharges Apply fabrics. #71245 Pkt (0.15 g, ~100 seeds) $2.75 studies have shown valerian root to be an effective Valerian Turmeric & Ginger Sorrel, Garden OG S (Rumex acetosa) tranquilizer and calmative [P4/70°F /L/3–14/ ds/sun/36 in.] without the side effects associated with Valium. Live Plants & Rhizomes Cold-hardy to 12°F. Use sparingly as a #71251 Pkt (0.1 g, ~80 seeds) $2.75 salad green for its lemon-like flavor. For Late Spring Planting Sorrel is best used in soups, where it Wormwood Pre-Order Late Spring Shipments excels. #71246 Pkt (0.4 g, ~430 Available Online Only seeds) $2.75 Garden Sorrel Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) [P4/55°F/ Grow these popular rhizomes in your St. Johnswort (Hypericum LD/7–10/tp,ds/ sun, part garden or greenhouse for medicinal uses, perforatum) [P/stratify/7–30/Sp,- shade/24–36 in.] Worm- delicious dishes, and refreshing juices. Fall/tp,ds/sun/12–48 in.] A woody-stemmed herb wood has been used as a Limited quantities - check our website with balsam-scented leaves and clusters of yellow, for availability! traditional bitter herb, but Wormwood lemon-scented flowers. Harvest flowers shortly after is now considered hazard- the plant comes into bloom. Olive oil extracts of the ous for internal use. It is an attractive ornamen- flowers impart a red color to the oil. Medicinal: An- tal and can be used fresh or dried for flower ti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-depressive. Many arrangements. Wormwood repels cabbageworm other uses for this multi-faceted herb. #71279 Pkt butterflies, flea beetles, and clothes moths. (0.05 g, ~600 seeds) $2.50 Cannot ship to CA, CO, #71255 Pkt (0.1 g, ~1400 seeds) $2.50 ID, HI, MT, NV, OR, or WA. Wormwood, Sweet OG Summer Savory OG (Sature- (Sweet Annie) (Artemisia ja hortensis) 60 days. [A/70°F annua) [A/70°F/LD/ds/ min./L/7–21/tp,ds/sun/12 in.] sun/72 in./Self-sows read- Cooking herb used for flavor- ily.] Grown mostly for its ing meats, dressings, soups, and sweetly scented foliage, salads. Especially good in bean and its ornamental value, its cabbage dishes, herb butters, and use in wreath-making, Sweet Wormwood vinegars. A blending herb with a and for use in pressed peppery thyme quality, summer sa- leaf and flower arrangements. Seed is difficult to vory draws together diverse flavors. clean and contains some light chaff. Medicinal: Medicinal: Reportedly the fresh Summer Savory Sweet Annie is currently being investigated for leaves may be rubbed on insect its medicinal value as an antihelminthic, and for Turmeric Ginger stings to relieve pain. #71242 Pkt (0.25 the treatment of chloroquine-resistant malaria. g, ~450 seeds) $2.75 #71256 Pkt (0.05 g, ~1700 seeds) $2.75 ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Herbs 65 2 Flowers 2 Bachelor’s Button Butterfly Weed Asclepias tuberosa (Cornflower) Centaurea cyanus Perennial. Germination: 65–75°F, light required, Key to Cultural Notes on p. 60. Annual. Germination: 60°F, darkness required, 20–90 days. Full sun. Direct sow. Ht. 24 in. Everlasting (drying) Flowers p. 73. 14 days. Full sun. Direct sow in mid-spring. Space 12–16 in. apart. Butterfly Weed OG [Perennial native to Ageratum Ageratum houstonianum Black Ball OG S ® North America.] Bright Striking maroon-black orange flowers attract Annual. Germination: flowers, 30-36 in. tall. bees, butterflies, and 75°F, light required, Dark colors contrast some birds throughout 5-10 days. Full sun or nicely with the lighter the growing season. part shade. Transplant shades of more tradi- Requires a very well- after last frost. tional bachelor’s but- drained or gravelly soil #01176 Pkt (0.5 in full sun. Quickest Butterfly Weed Ageratum, Dondo tons. Black Ball ® g, ~106 seeds) $2.75 blooms come from Blue OG S (Floss seed sown in the fall; may take up to two years Flower, Bluemink) Dondo Blue Blue Boy OG S ® An Ageratum to become established from seed. Established Prolific clusters of old favorite for cut or plants are drought tolerant and freely self sow. blue flowers. Long stems do well in bouquets, dried deep-blue flowers. #01159 Pkt (0.25 g, ~50 seeds) $2.95 but may take root if allowed to rest on the Plants are 30 in. tall and ground. Native to Mexico. Self-sows. #01190 are especially suited for Pkt (0.1 g, ~400 seeds) $2.75 backs of borders. #01103 Celosia Celosia cristata Pkt (0.5 g, ~106 seeds) Annual. Germination: 60–90°F, 3–6 days. Full Sweet Alyssum $2.75 Blue Boy sun. Direct sow after last frost or transplant Lobularia maritima Polka Dot OG ® 4-week-old plants. Space Polka Dot is a mixture 4–8 in. apart. Ht. 24 in. Annual. Germination: 70°F, of red, rose, blue, 5-15 days, light required. Full and lavender shades. Brenda Jordan’s sun or part shade. Direct sow Heirloom OG S ® Compact plants are 16 6 or transplant after last frost. in. tall and flower more [Introduced by Ht. 8-12 in. profusely than taller SESE 1986.] An old varieties. #01104 Pkt fashioned cockscomb Sweet Alyssum OG ® 6 Low, Sweet Alyssum with large scarlet, spreading mounds with sweet- (0.5 g, ~106 seeds) $2.75 velvet crested flowers, ly fragrant tiny white flowers in clusters. Often Polka Dot 3 in. thick by 9 in. blooms so thickly as to completely hide the foli- long on 18 in. plants. Brenda Jordan’s age! Long-blooming, especially if spent blooms Balsam Produces a number of Heirloom Celosia are cut back. Attractive to bees, butterflies, and Impatiens balsamina side shoots as well. other pollinators. Great for undersowing, plant- #01168 Pkt (0.2 g, ing between paving stones, or as a ground cover. Annual. Germination: 70°F, 5 ~350 seeds) $2.75 #01180 Pkt (0.25 g, ~625 seeds) $2.75 days. Full sun to partial shade. Direct sow or start indoors Cockscomb Mix 4–6 weeks before transplant- OG ® (75 days) Amaranth Amaranthus caudatus ing after last frost. Space Vivid multi-colored For more amaranths, see pp. 10–12 in. apart. velvet-crested combs. 23 & 74. Annual. Germina- Impressive fresh or tion: 70–75°F, light required, Old Fashioned Balsam OG dried. #01156 Pkt S ® 6 [SE Asian heirloom; (0.2 g, ~225 seeds) 7–10 days. Full sun. Direct Cockscomb Mix sow after last frost.Space 12–24 popular in American gardens $2.75 in. apart. Ht 36–60 in. by 1900.] Camelia-shaped 2 in. flowers in shades of rose, Cleome (Spider Flower) Love-Lies-Bleeding OG 6 lavender, and white are held Crimson tassels up to 24 in. close to the stem. Children Cleome spinosa long “drip” from these showy love to see the ripe seedpods Annual. Germination: 60–80°F, 14 days. Full plants. Good fresh or dried. explode. A good choice for Old-Fashioned sun. Pre-chill moist seeds at 40°F for 2–4 days, Stake plants for best display. shady spots in Southern Balsam direct sow mid-spring. Space 16–20 in. apart. #01154 Pkt (0.15 g, ~750 Love-Lies- gardens. #01163 Pkt (0.3 g, 70 days. seeds) $2.75 Bleeding ~34 seeds) $2.75

Powder Puff Mixed Asters Callistephus chinensis Colors OG S ® Dou- Annual. Germination: 70°F, 9 days. Full sun. ble blooms in 7 colors: Direct sow or transplant. Space 6–12 in. apart. white, pink, rose, 85 days. peach, crimson red, sky blue, and Crego Giant Mixed Colors medium blue on OG ® 6 Very popular old 3 ft. tall plants. favorite with large showy Excellent cut Queen Cleome blooms in a mix of 6 colors. flowers for bou- Tall plants up to 3 ft. Excellent quets. #01133 Queen OG S ® Pink, rose, and purple flowers cut flowers. #01101 Pkt (0.1 Pkt (0.1 g, ~50 with many side blooms. Attractive to bumble- g, ~46 seeds) $2.75 seeds) $2.75 bees and hummingbirds. Blooms all summer. A Powder Puff great trap crop for harlequin bugs and stink- Crego Giant bugs. Ht. 48 in. #01105 Pkt (0.5 g, ~225 seeds) $2.75; #01105C (7 g) $8.25 66 Flowers www.SouthernExposure.com Coreopsis Cotton, Natural Colors Gossypium hirsutum Coreposis tinctoria Cannot ship to TX. Some other southeastern states require a waiver Annual. Germi- or permit: contact your extension agency for more information. nation: 55-70°F, 21-28 days. History: Naturally colored cottons were grown by slaves prior to the Civil War. In many Full sun or part instances, slaves on plantations were not permitted to grow the white cotton of their masters. shade. Direct Brown cotton was the most commonly grown, but there are other naturally colored cottons sow or trans- such as green, blue, yellow, and pink, and they all have their own subtle beauty. These heirloom plant after last cottons are now difficult to find. They have fallen out of favor because the fibers are shorter frost. Space 6 in. and not as suitable for spinning and dyeing as modern white cotton. With naturally colored apart or closer. cottons now quite rare, we are attempting to locate and preserve other authentic heirloom Ht. 24-36 in. Dyer’s Coreopsis varieties. Note: Everyone should grow and harvest a long row of cotton at least once in their lifetime so as to understand what slaves had to endure while harvesting cotton. The bolls are borne on the plant Dyer’s Coreopsis Mix ® 6 at a back-bending level, and they are sharp. Plucking cotton from numerous bolls hurts the hands. Imagine doing 83 days. Native plant. Abundant this all day. Culture: Cotton is an annual plant that requires a long, warm growing season to mature properly. 1½ in. flowers with yellow petals Needs full sun. In zones 8–10 it can be sown directly after the last frost. In zones 5–7, treat like tomatoes, start and dark red centers. Attracts seed indoors and transplant out 4–8 week-old seedlings after last frost. Seed germinates in 7–21 days at 70°F. bees and birds. Yields a broad Plant 18–30 in. apart in rows 5 ft. apart. Plants start flowering in mid-summer. Bolls take a few more months to range of dye colors. Very narrow mature; warm late summer weather is necessary for a good crop. Plants grow to 3–7 ft. tall. Maturity Dates: Days leaves, even on young plants. to maturity (mature bolls) are from transplanting. Harvest: Wait for bolls to split open before harvesting. (Note: Self-sows readily; does well in bolls that split open after a frost are damaged and immature.) Seed Savers: Isolate varieties by meadow plantings. #01177 Pkt 1/8 mile for home use, or ¼ to ½ mile or greater for pure seed. Virginia gardeners must acquire (0.25 g, ~500 seeds) $2.75 a permit to grow cotton. For more information, contact your nearest extension agent.

Annual. Germination: 14 days, 70 degrees F. Prefers Erlene’s Green OG S ® Cosmos full sun. Tolerates partial shade, poor soils, and drought 6 130 days. [Family heir- Cosmos bipinnatus unless indicated once established. For earlier blooms sow indoors 4-6 loom from Erlene Melancon weeks before last frost. Or sow outdoors after all danger in east Texas. Erlene said of frost. Plant 1 in. deep; thin to 12-14 in. spacing. Deadhead to prolong that she has been spinning Erlene’s Green blooming. Seed heads will attract birds. C. sulphureus petals are edible. green cotton for years and that her grandmother loved using colored cotton in her quilts.] The fibers are light olive green Picotee OG S ® 56 days. Beautiful 1½–2 and can be spun off the seed. Harvest the bolls in. cosmos in shades of shortly after they open so that the fiber does not pink, red, and white, fade in the sunlight. Once it is spun and washed mostly with streaked it turns yellowish-green. 5 ft. tall plants. #72202 petals. Good for cut Pkt (~16–20 seeds) $4.80 flower arrangements. Mississippi Brown S ® 6 4–5 ft. plants. #01135 Picotee 130 days. [Pre-1860. Once Pkt (0.5 g, ~75 seeds) grown by slaves, this seed came $2.75 from a plantation near Nat- chez, Mississippi via Seed Saver John Coykendall.] Mississippi Brown Drought-tolerant 5 ft. Memories of Mona tall plants produce an abundance of light tan to golden brown cotton. Some plants have Memories of Mona OG S ® (C. sulphureus) 57 deeply lobed leaves like Nankeen. #72204 Pkt days. [Introduced 1998 by SESE. A red selection of (~16–20 seeds) $4.80 Mona’s Orange developed by Dr. Jeff McCormack as a tribute to Mona Spangler.] An extremely har- Nankeen S ® 6 130 dy, drought-resistant, brightly colored cosmos. days. [Pre-1860. Seed and Orange and red flowers range from solid deep Sea Shells Mix history supplied by John red to bright orange, many with red borders and House III of the Mansfield State Commemorative Area, streaks. Flowers are 2–2½ in. wide. 6 ft. plants ® bear until frost. #01141 Pkt (0.5 g, ~52 seeds) Sea Shells Mix OG 65 days. Uniquely Mansfield, LA. Introduced rolled and ruffled petals come in mixed shades $2.75; #01141D (14 g) $9.75 1997 by SESE.] A short-fi- Nankeen of red, pink and white, giving a bi-color feel. ber, naturally brown cotton Mona’s Orange OG S Well-branched plants up to 6 ft. tall thrive in grown since the Civil War. ® 6 (C. sulphureus) difficult sunny and dry spots, flowering freely all The lint is a non-fading attractive dark copper 59 days. [Introduced summer. #01165 Pkt (0.5 g, ~57 seeds) $2.75; color that becomes brighter as it is washed. 1990 by SESE. Family #01165D (14 g) $7.75 Branches of the plant are longer and thinner heirloom from southern Sensation Mix and leaves more lobed than other cotton. Unlike California.] Radi- ® 6 modern hybrids, its blooming cycle is longer, ant orange, mostly OG 45 days. [1936, AAS winner.] it grows well in poor dry soil, it’s hardier and single-petalled blooms, appears to have slightly better insect-resistance. 2–21 in. on 6–7 ft. Our earliest cosmos. Large single flowers Nankeen is planted as an ornamental in some plants. About 10% parts of Louisiana. We include additional inter- have red-bordered pet- in a mixture of white, pink, and esting history of the Nankeen shirt with each als with some interior seed packet. #72201 Pkt (~16–20 seeds) $4.80 red streaks. Blooms all purple. Popular old summer, very hardy. favorite. 4–5 ft. plants. #01106 Pkt Naturally Colored Cotton #01107 Pkt (0.5 g, continues on the next page. ~52 seeds) $2.75 Mona’s Orange (0.5 g, ~110 seeds) $2.75 Sensation Mix ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Flowers 67 Naturally Colored Cotton Flax Linum grandiflorum Hyacinth Bean Continued Annual. Germina- Lablab purpureus tion: 65–70°F, light Annual. Germination: 60–70°F, required, 20–25 days. 7days. Direct sow or transplant Full sun. Direct sow or 1 month after last frost. transplant. Sow seed ¼ in. deep, thinning Purple Hyacinth Bean OG S Purple to 6–9 in. apart. Ht. ® 6 [Pre-1802, the same vari- Hyacinth Bean 24 in. ety grown by Thomas Jefferson.] Beautiful climbing bean with purple-green stems Scarlet Flax OG ® Scarlet Flax and foliage. Edible young leaves, flowers, and [Introduced to the U.S. tender young pods The pink-purple flowers are from N. Africa and S. borne above the foliage and develop into 3 in. Red-Foliated White Europe and naturalized in many areas by 1900.] long purple pods. Grows 10–20 ft. depending Mounds of brilliant velvety-red blossoms May on conditions. Thick foliage cover makes a good Red Foliated through September. Grow in clumps in borders screen. Especially recommended for arbors. White OG S ® 120 or beds, and in mixed plantings such as cottage #11401 Pkt (8 g, ~20 seeds) $4.25 days [From SSE member gardens. A good addition to wildflower or mead- Alice Gamewel via Charles ow gardens. Can be fall-sown in mild areas, or Hoehnle. Introduced 2008 spring everywhere else. Self sows. #01160 Pkt Johnny-Jump-Up Viola tricolor by SESE.] A beautiful (0.30 g, ~85 seeds) $2.75 Perennial. Germination: plant with dark red stems 70oF, dark required, 12 and leaves. 3–5 ft. tall, Four O’Clocks Mirabilis jalapa days. Full sun. Direct sow grows well in a container or transplant after last or in a flower bed. Green Annual. Germination: 70°F, 14 days. Full sun. frost. Space 9 in. apart. when it first emerges Direct sow in late spring. Space 12–18 in. apart. Ht. 7 in. but soon develops its Self sows. red coloring. The cotton Helen Mount Old-fash- is a short staple white. Broken Colors OG S ® 6 This almost lost ioned favorite. Tricolor #72205 Pkt (~16–20 heirloom variety fills the garden with a riot of blooms of purple, blue, and seeds) $4.80 bi-colored and splashed patterns every afternoon yellow. #01111 Pkt (0.08 in tones of raspberry, yellow, orange, gold and g, ~121 seeds) $2.50 Helen Mount Sea Island Brown OG S ® 6 135 days. [Like- white. Drought tolerant plants are 36 in. tall ly cross of Sea Island White and an unknown and produce a profusion of new flowers daily brown cotton. Introduced 2010 by SESE.] “Na- from mid-summer until frost. #01164 Pkt (2 g, Kiss-Me-Over-the- ked seeds” are easily removed from the lint, has a ~20 seeds) $2.95 longer fiber than other browns. The tall (5-6 ft.) Garden-Gate (Polygonum orientale) plants and some shine to the spun cotton both Don Pedros Mixed Annual. Chill before point to a Sea Island heritage. #72206 Pkt (16- Colors OG S ® 6 planting. Germina- 20 seeds) $4.80 [Introduced 1982 by tion: 50°F, 21 days. SESE. Our neighbor Full sun. Transplant brought this heirloom with care after last Evening Scented Primrose back from her mother’s frost or direct sow. Ht. Oenothera glazioviana home town in Spain 4-7 ft. Space 2-4 ft. where this flower is apart. Biennial. Germination: 65–75°F, 14–21 days. locally known as Don Don Pedros Full sun. Sow May through July in pots or flats; Pedros.] Unlike mod- Kiss-Me-Over-the- transplant after several true leaves have devel- ern Four O’Clocks it has beautiful variegated Garden-Gate S ® oped. Space 16–18 in. apart. Ht. 36–48 in. flowers. Flowers are primarily magenta or yellow. 6 (Prince’s Feather, On some plants both color types occur, on other Oriental Persicary) Tina James’ Magic ® OG S plants the flowers are variegated Kiss-Me-Over-the- 6 [Introduced 1987 by SESE.] Pink flower clusters striped or spotted. Flowers open hang gracefully. Garden-Gate The large fragrant blooms about 4:00 in the afternoon and burst open suddenly at dusk. Heart-shaped leaves. in the evening are pollinated by Grown by Thomas Jefferson. #01192 Pkt (1 g, The crisp, yellow, showy large hawkmoths and sphinx ~105 seeds) $2.95 four-petalled flowers circle a moths. Ht. 18 in. #01108 Pkt spire of reddish, swollen buds. (2 g, ~20 seeds) $2.95 Blooms are 2/3 open within 10 seconds or less, and fully open within 1–2 minutes! Blooming Hollyhock Alcea rosea lasts 5–6 weeks or more. Will Biennial. Germination: 60oF, 14–21 days. Full bloom indoors as a cut flower sun. Direct sow or transplant. Grows best in for approximately a week. Dim cool season areas sheltered from the wind. lights to induce flowers to Space 12–24 in. apart. Ht. 6 ft. open indoors in the evening. Produces a flat rosette of leaves Black OG S ® 6 [Pre-1830.] Magnifcent the first year, followed by 3–4 Tina James’ Magic spikes of satiny blue-black single flowers ft. yellow spires the second form the second year from first-year leafy 18 year. Very hardy. During the in. leaf rosettes. Flowers may be used for evening the flowers are pollinated by night-flying moths as large tea. #01109 Pkt (0.25 g, ~25 seeds) $2.75 as hummingbirds. This variety was discovered by garden writer Tina James who hosts “primrose parties” every year. Makes an Outhouse OG S ® 6 Mixed colored hol- interesting container plant for a deck or balcony and is a great lyhock can grow up to 9 ft. tall. Single pink, conversation piece. #01118 Pkt (0.05 g, ~110 seeds) $3.85 white, red and burgundy flowers. Tradition- ally grown near outhouses. #01145 Pkt 68 Cucumbers 0.4 g (~35 seeds) $2.75 Black Outhouse Larkspur Consolida ambigua Lion’s Ear (Klip Dagga) Annual. Germination: 60oF, dark required, 21 Leonotis nepetifolia Tender Perennial, may regrow if days. Full sun. Direct sow as soon as soil can be winter lows are above 20°F. Germination: 65-75°F, dark- worked. Space 8–16 in. apart. Ht. 36–48 in. ness required, 14-21 days. Full sun. Transplant out or direct sow after last frost. Space 2-4 ft. apart. Ht 4-10 ft. Blue Larkspur OG S ® (Consolida ambigua) 60 days. 36 in. spires of double and single New! Lion’s Ear OG S ® 6 Large and sprawling, this blue flowers. Blooms early. tentacular giant is freedom loving and will certainly be- #01161 Pkt (0.3 g, ~95 come a favorite if you value the wild and woolly. Hum- Lion’s Ear seeds) $2.75 mingbirds and butterflies love its nectar-rich, fuzzy flower tubules that leap from sharp, spiky Galilee Mix OG ® (Del- green bracts. Flowers starting late summer. Morning Glory Ipomoea purpurea phinium consolida) 85 The nectar has a sweet grapefruit taste, and days. Nice mix of blue, many parts of this bitter plant have been used Annual. Germination: 70°F, 14 days. Full sun. pink, lilac, white, and in traditional medicines. Moderately drought Soak seeds 2 days, changing water every 12 rose. 3 ft. plants. #01169 Galilee Mix tolerant, prefers well-drained soils. If you like hours, then direct sow or transplant after frost. Pkt (0.3 g, ~95 seeds) Space 8 in. apart. 65 days. Cannot ship to AZ, the unusual and unruly, this orange monster is AR, Puerto Rico. $2.75 for you! #01197 Pkt $2.95 Grandpa Ott’s ® 6 French Marigold Tagetes patula Back! Red Metamorph [Family heirloom from OG S ® 75-85 days [Bred Diane Ott Whealy. One of Annual. Germination: 70°F, 4-8 days. Full sun. by Alan Kapuler, named the original varieties that Direct sow or transplant after last frost. for the alien shapeshifters in started Seed Saver’s Exchange Space 8–16 in. apart. Robert Silverberg’s Majipoor and the whole heirlooms novels.] In cooler weather, movement.] Beautiful Frances’ Choice OG the flowers are a deep ruby deep-purple flowers with a Grandpa Ott’s S ® 93 days. [Named color, but in warm weather ruby throat that can climb for plant pioneer Fran- splashes of orange appear 15 ft. or more. Reliably self-seeds here on our cen- ces Huffman by Alan as well! 2-3 ft. plants make tral Virginia farm and at Heritage Farm in Iowa. Kapuler.] Tidy 3–4 ft. #01149 Pkt (1 g, ~25 seeds) $2.50 a nice, compact annual Red Metamorph tall plants are covered hedge. #01173 Pkt (0.5 g, with dark red-purple ~155 seeds) $2.75 Heavenly Blue OG single flowers with ® Tall-climbing, ® a dramatic gold rim Frances’ Choice Spanish Brocade fast-growing vine with around each petal. 8 69 days. Yellow and bright 4 in. sky-blue in. stems make lovely gold petals splashed flowers. Popular old bouquets. #01153 Pkt with red flecks. An old favorite. #01115 Pkt (0.5 g, ~180 seeds) favorite of the Brocade (1 g, ~27 seeds) Heavenly Blue $2.75 class. 24–30 in. plants $2.75 #01138 Pkt (0.5 g, Back! Lemon Drop ® ~165 seeds) $2.75 Spanish Brocade 55 days. Our earliest Phoenican Mullein marigold. 2 ft. plants Tashkent #1 OG S Verbascum chaxii ® 6 with large, yellow, 78 days. [Found outside an Perennial. Germination: double blooms. Flow- old Muslim school in Tashkent, 55–70°F, 14–28 days. Direct sow ers from June until Uzbekistan in 1992. A favorite or transplant. Space 15–18 in. of flower seed collector Bob Bell. frost. #01114 Pkt (0.5 Lemon Drop apart. Self sows readily. g, ~197 seeds) $2.75 Introduced 1999 by SESE.] 24–30 in. tall plants with a Phoenician Mullein (Nettle Naughty Marietta OG S sweet marigold fragrance. Lacks ® ® Leafed Mullein) OG S 100 75 days. Old fashioned the common astringent odor days. Hardy perennial produces marigold. Golden-yel- of other marigolds. The plants 3–4 ft. spires of white/mauve low single flowers with are so fragrant they sweeten the blooms rising above a decora- splashes of mahogany. 2 air on a hot summer day. Bears tive rosette of large, dark green, ft. tall plants. (Similar to numerous 11–2 in. single pet- crinkled leaves. Plants flower “Dainty Marietta,” but alled flowers that have yellow the first year from seed sown somehow “Naughty Mar- centers and velvet mahogany Tashkent #1 indoors. Drought tolerance and ietta” gets more atten- petals, with a fine orange border. self sowing habit makes it perfect tion...) #01167 Pkt (0.5 Petals change from mahogany-red for cottage gardens and informal g, ~140 seeds) $2.75 to orange-red as they mature. One of our favor- Phoenician Naughty Marietta borders. #01171 Pkt (0.05 g, ites. #01142 Pkt (0.5 g, ~148 seeds) $2.75 ~1000 seeds) $2.75 Mullein Signet Marigold African Marigold Tagetes tenuifolia Tagetes erecta Lemon Gem 59 days. Powerfully scented 10-20 African Marigold, Cracker- in. tall plants with abundant 1-in. bright yellow jack Mix OG ® 82 days. Classic blooms. Fern-like leaves can reach 2½ in. long marigold. Large, 3-4 in., double x 1½ in. wide but are generally much smaller. yellow and orange flowers on Can be planted more closely (6-8 in. apart) 3-4-ft. plants. When Ira was than other marigolds. Petals and leaves are growing up in Florida, this was edible; the leaves taste very similar to Peruvian her grandmother’s favorite mari- huacatay and can be used as a substitute for gold. #01183 Pkt $2.75 parsley. #01181 Pkt (0.5 g, ~775 seeds) $2.95 Lemon Gem Crackerjack Mix ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Flowers 69 Nasturtium (Indian Cress) Phlox Phlox drummondii Portulaca Tropaeolum majus Annual. Germination: 70°F, 7-21 days. Full sun. Portulaca grandiflora Annual. Germina- Transplant or direct seed 4-6 weeks before last Annual. 75°F, light tion: 65°F, 14 days. frost. Ht. 6-12 in. required, 14 days. Full Transplant or direct sun. Direct sow or sow sow after last frost. Red Drummond ® indoors 6–8 weeks be- Space 6–12 in. apart. 680 days.[Named for fore transplanting after Ht. 9–18 in. Thomas Drummond, who danger of frost. Space sent seeds from Texas to 6–12 in. apart. Jewel Mixed Colors England in 1835.] Texas OG Upright, bushy native with clusters of 1 Old-Fashioned Moss growth in a mixture in. magenta-red flowers Rose OG S A lovely of colors: Red, yellow, with burgundy centers mix of semi-double orange, pink, and and pale pink undersides; Red Drummond and double flowers rose. Single and dou- Small, pointed leaves. resembling miniature ble flowers with some Very hardy – in the fall, roses. The 6 in. plants bicolored flowers. blooms survive down to at least 20°F – a great bear a profusion of 2 Jewel Mixed #01179 Pkt Old-Fashioned Moss Use edible flowers flower for supporting pollinators! in. flowers in delicate Rose Portulaca in vinegar to make Colors Nasturtium (0.3 g, ~170 seeds) $2.50 shades of yellow, Indian Cress vinegar, rose, white, and pink. or use flowers and leaves in salads. #01116 Pkt Capable of storing water in its fleshy stems, Por- (4 g, ~20 seeds) $2.95; #01116E (28 g) $8.50 Poppy, Breadseed tulaca is drought resistant and grows well even Papaver somniforum in poor soil once established. Bears until frost. #01148 Pkt (0.05 g, ~200 seeds) $2.75 Nicotiana alata Annual. Germination: 60°F, light required. Nicotiana 6-10 days. Direct seed. Plant in late fall to early spring. Thin to 24-36 in. apart. (Flowering Tobacco) Rose Campion Lychnis cherise Annual. Germination: 75°F, light required, 14 Poppy, Bread- Biennial or short lived days. Full sun. Transplant. Space 9–12 in. apart. seed, Charlot- perennial. Germina- ® tesville Old OG tion: 60–65°F, light Old Fashioned Mix OG ® 6 6 Flowing cascades of star S Scarlet required. Sow in fall shaped blooms in shades of Blooms with or early spring, needs white, pink, fuschia, ma- purple centers. exposure to cold for roon, and purple. Sweetly Long bloom good germination. fragrant 2 in. flowers with time. Thanks to Space 18 in. apart. Ht. 3 in. tubes. Ht. 36 in. SSE members 32 in. #01140 Pkt (0.05 g, ~440 Christina Wenger Rose Campion seeds) $2.95 & Patrick Hol- OG S Nicotiana land for keeping ® 6 80 days. Bright this variety alive. pink-red flowers with Petunia Petunia spp. #01189 Pkt silver-grey woolly (0.25 g, ~900 Charlottesville Old leaves that are soft to Rose Campion Annual. Germination: 70°F, light required, 10 seeds) $2.95 the touch. Tall stems days. Full sun. Sow in flats or pots make it perfect for cut in March or April; transplant after Poppy, flowers. Deadhead spent stems to keep it bloom- last frost. Space 12 in. apart. Ht. Breadseed, Hun- ing. Hardy and freely self sowing. #01170 Pkt 15–30 in. garian Blue OG S (0.06 g, ~110 seeds) $2.75 [A/60°F/L/ 6–10/ Balcony Petunia OG S ® 6 ds/24–36 in.] Beau- (P. pendula) Heirloom described tiful bluish-purple in 1934 as the most showy of all flowers give way to petunias. Evening brings out the attractive pods filled sweet fragrance of these rich velvety with poppyseed for textured flowers in shades of violet, baking. Pods can white, pink, and purple. Plants also be used in dried Balcony Petunia bloom until frost. Hardy and arrangements. Stake Hungarian Blue self-sowing. #01157 Pkt (0.05 g, seed heads to pre- Breadseed Poppy ~475 seeds) $2.95 vent seed loss. Plant in late fall to very early spring. #71306 Pkt Old Fashioned Vining Petu- (0.25 g, ~500 seeds) $2.95 nia OG S ® 6 (P. multiflora) [Grandma Jean, our first regular staff Elka White Goldsturm Rudbeckia member, recalls this heirloom petunia Oilseed OG S 6 from her grandmother’s garden. Old White blossoms Rudbeckia fulgida Fashioned Vining dates back to the with lavender Rudbeckia early 1900s, well before Grandma centers, followed (Black-Eyed Susan) Jean was born.] Ever-blooming Old-Fashioned by good yields of Elka White Perennial. Germination: 70°F, darkness required, and much hardier than modern Vining Petunia pods with white Oilseed 21 days. Full sun. Transplant or direct sow after varieties, this old favorite blooms seeds. Closed vents frost. Space 15–24 in. apart. Ht. 24 in. into the fall when other annuals have faded and help prevent seed loss. Rare variety selected in gone. Self-sows more readily than Balcony Petu- Slovakia for oil production; also ornamental Goldsturm ® Sometimes called Black-Eyed nia. Colors from white to shades of lavender and and good for using the delicious, nutty-flavored, Susan. Attractive, gold-colored 3–4 in. flowers purple. Ht. 18-24 in. Sweet fragrance, reminis- white seeds whole in baked goods. #01194 Pkt with chocolate-colored centers. Self-sows and cent of Lily-of-the-Valley. #01131 Pkt (0.05 g, (0.25 g, ~500 seeds) $2.95 naturalizes aggressively. Very hardy. ~475 seeds) $2.95 #01119 Pkt (0.2 g, ~20 seeds) $2.95 70 Flowers www.SouthernExposure.com Peruviana Yellow Sweet Pea Lathyrus odoratus Zinnia Zinnia spp. OG S ® 6 (Z. Annual. Germination 55°F, Annual. Germination: 70°F, 7 days. Full sun. peruviana) [Pre-1700. requires darkness, 15 days. Direct sow or sow indoors 3–4 weeks before Introduced 1994 Full sun. Soak seed 24 transplanting after the last frost. Space 12–24 in. by SESE.] Single hours, direct sow in fertile apart depending on plant height. Easy to grow. blooms, 1½ in. soil as soon as soil can be diameter, are yellow worked. Space 6–12 in. changing to light apart. Does best in cooler yellow. Appropriate Peruviana Yellow temperatures. for historical gardens, mass plantings, rockeries, or natural settings. Old Spice Mix OG ® 6 Ht. 18–24 in. #01125 Pkt (0.5 g, ~125 seeds) [Heirloom mix of varieties $2.75 dating from 1699 to 1907.] ® Highly fragrant, heat-re- Red Beauty OG S sistant flowers in many Beautiful dark red double colors. Climbing vines are flowers with gold-tipped best trellised. (Note: Toxic centers. 4-5 in. flowers in large quantities.) #01155 on 3-ft. tall plants. Long Pkt (2 g, ~27 seeds) $2.75 Old Spice Mix stems and great vase life make this an ideal cut Cactus-Flowered flower. #01175 Pkt (1 g, Sweet William Dianthus barbatus ~125 seeds) $2.75 Red Beauty Perennial. Cactus-Flowered OG S ® Spiky looking Germination: 2-5-in. blooms are a striking contrast to regular 60–70°F, zinnias, bringing cactus flowers to mind. Mixed 14–30 days. colors, 30-54 in. plants bloom over a long Direct sow in season. #01184 Pkt (0.50 g) $2.75 spring or fall or Peruviana Red OG S transplant after ® 6 (Z. peruviana) danger of frost. [Pre-1700. Introduced Space 12–15 1992 by SESE.] Flowers of in. apart. Ht. uncluttered simplicity and 12–18 in. antique elegance. Single Sweet William blooms, 1½ in. diameter, are bronze-red, changing to OG S ® 6 A State Fair Mix sweet-scented antique-red, then fading to perennial usu- pastels of red. Appropriate ® Sweet William for historical gardens, mass State Fair Mix (Z. elegans) Large 4 in. single, ally treated as double and semi-double blooms in mixed colors an annual. Bril- plantings, rockeries, or nat- ural settings. Ht. 18–24 in. on 48 in. tall plants. Tolerant to alternaria and liant little flowers are tinged with pink, red, pur- Peruviana Red mildew. A wonderful cut flower for bouquets. ple, or violet. Prefers a moist but well-drained #01124 Pkt (0.5 g, ~70 seeds) $2.75 Popular variety. #01126 Pkt (1 g, ~125 seeds) soil in full sun (partial shade in the South). Used $2.50 as a spring bulb cover and as a long lasting cut flower. Reseeds easily. #01166 Pkt (0.07 g, ~67 seeds) $2.75

Tithonia Tithonia rotundifolia (Mexican Sunflower) Annual. Germination: 68–86°F, 8 days. Full sun. Direct sow or sow indoors 3–4 weeks before transplanting after the last frost. Space 24 in. apart. 58-62 days. Ht. 5 ft. Do not over-fertilize; plants may grow to 6–8 ft. Red Torch Red Torch OG S ® 6 58 days. [1951, AAS winner] A member of pollinators on fennel the sunflower family. Flowers are 31 in. orange discs surrounded by Wild Garden Perennial Insectary orange-red petals. Highly branched. OG S ® The backbones of a spring through Attracts butterflies. Spectacular in fall oasis for your resident beneficial insects. A mass plantings. #01122 Pkt (0.5 g, complement of self-sowing annuals, biennials, ~38 seeds) $2.75; #01122C (7 g) and perennials provide food, shelter, and pollen. $7.25 Broadcast or sow in rows 14 in. apart, thinning Yellow Torch OG S ® 62 days. to a final spacing of 12 in. Manage plants by A color breakthrough, the first weeding and thinning volunteers each spring. yellow-flower Tithonia. Flowers are The leaves are edible. Includes fennel, Korean 3 in. orange discs surrounded by mint, garden sorrel, alexanders, chervil, parsley, yellow petals. #01123 Pkt (0.4 g, chicory, cress, turnip, mustard, calendula, ama- ~43 seeds) $2.75 Yellow Torch ranth, and orach. #92010 Pkt (7 g) $7.25 ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Flowers 71 Beach Sunflower Sunflowers Helianthus annuus OG S ® (Cucum- o ber-Leaf) (H. debilis Culture: Annual/70 F/LD/14 days/sun/direct sow in May or June/space 12–18 in. apart. Taller cucumerifolius) 56 days. varieties may need staking. Early in the growth stage, place a pole at the base of the stalk. As the Attractive wild sunflow- stem grows, use twine or soft ties to secure it to the stake every 6 ft. or so. History: Some archaeol- er native to the Gulf ogists believe that Native Americans may have cultivated sunflowers as early as 3000 B.C. Uses: You Coast. Multi-branching can leave any remaining seed-heads in the garden for fall and winter visitors. Or you can cut and dry plants grow to 6 ft., the seed-heads indoors. Throughout the winter months, tie dried heads to fences or to your deck or with dozens of 2–4 suspend in trees to feed birds. in. yellow flowers on long stems. Leaves are Confectionery Sunflowers Dwarf Sunflowers similar to cucumbers’ – a lighter green and more ragged. Drought tolerant and vigorous, keeps blooming for up Beach to 3 months. Longest bloomer in our 2013 sunflower trials. Birds love the small seeds, choosing them over other sun- flowers. #05315 Pkt (1 g, ~190 seeds) $2.75; #05315C (7 g) $7.50

Short Stuff Mammoth Short Stuff OG S ® 54 days. [Selected by Merlyn and Mary Ann Niedens of Illinois.] Mammoth OG ® 71 days. Stalks average 9 ft. Beautiful 5–7 in. golden yellow flowers borne tall and may reach a height of 10 ft. or more. on 30 in. plants, perfect for borders and growing Heads average 11 in. across, with some reaching seed to feed the birds in winter. Rogue out the 14 in. or more when plants are well grown. Gray occasional tall plant to keep your border neat. A and black seeds. Space 18 in. apart. #05106 Pkt great alternative to PVP varieties. #05314 Pkt Color Fashion Mix (7 g, ~70 seeds) $2.50; #05106E (28 g) $5.75 (2 g, ~40 seeds) $2.75; #05314D (14 g) $7.50 ® Sunspot OG ® 65 days. 4–4½ ft. Color Fashion Mix OG S 55 days. A sunny Oil Seed Sunflowers high dwarf sunflower. Produces a blend of yellow, red, and purple. Single blooms Peredovik OG S ® 55 days. Commercial Rus- single large flower head 8–12 in. are 4-5 in. across and are very attractive in cut sian cultivar used for making sunflower oil; also in diameter. Yellow flowers with flower arrangements. Stalks up to 9 ft. make an used as a source of sunflower seed in bird seed golden brown centers. Can be attractive screen or background. Pkt #05302 (2 mixes. 4–5 ft. stalks, mostly poly-headed. 4–11 grown as an ornamental or used g, ~122 seeds) $2.75 in. blooms. Elongated black seeds. Great for for edible seed or bird food. Great feeding wild birds. #05201 Pkt (4 g, ~76 seeds) for children. #05312 Pkt (4 g, Sunspot $2.75; #05201D (14 g) $7.50 ~60 seeds) $2.50 Teddy Bear OG ® 59 days. An attractive double-flow- ered ornamental with 3–5 in. yellow to light orange blooms on compact 3 ft. plants. Excellent for cut flowers. #05306 Pkt (4 g, ~225 seeds) $2.50 Teddy Bear Evening Sun Ornamental Sunflowers Evening Sun OG ® 53 days. Shades of autumn colors ranging from red, mahogany-red, bur- We chose the sunflower for our logo because it sym- gundy, russet-bronze, vivid gold, all in bicolor bolizes for us the unity of beauty and utility, and blends. 3–5 in. flowers. Plants grow 6–8 ft. tall Hopi Dye serves as a reminder of the boundless source of life’s with a number of secondary blooms. #05309 energy and creation. We offer sunflowers for both Pkt (2 g, ~50 seeds) $2.50; #05309D (14 g) Dye Seed Sunflowers the body and the spirit. $7.25 Hopi Dye OG S 662 days, 95 days for seed. Autumn Beauty OG ® Back! Inca Jewels OG Purple-black seeds are used by the Hopis as 70 days. 3–5 in. flow- S ® 60 days. An early a natural dye source, especially for coloring ers in light fall colors. blooming ornamental baskets. Seeds may also be used for food or feed, The poly-headed 5–7 mixture of 5 or more and this is the best variety for dehulling. 7–11 ft. stalks may require floral types ranging ft. stalks with 5–13 in. heads, mostly poly-head- staking once the seed from soft yellow to ed. Yellow rays surround attractive purple-green heads have formed. bright yellow, some centers. Adapted to cool, high desert areas, but Excellent tall screen, flowers with halos can be grown elsewhere. If grown for seed, plan cut flower, and food ranging from maroon to mature seed in driest part of the growing source for self-feeding to red-brown to season. Mounding soil around the base of stalks small birds. #05301 copper. Secondary and Inca Jewels Pkt (4 g, ~120 seeds) helps keep plants upright. #05401 Pkt (3 g, Autumn Beauty tertiary flowers are ~45 seeds) $2.95; #05401D (14 g) $8.50 $2.50; #05301E (28 borne on 7-ft. sturdy stalks. Flowers are 5/12 in. g) $5.75 across with large burnt-orange discs. An excel- lent cut flower or showy hedge. #05303 Pkt (2 g, ~120 seeds) $2.75 72 Sunflowers www.SouthernExposure.com Everlasting Flowers Drying flowers for year-round blooms. Gomphrena (Globe Amaranth) Statice (Sea Lavender) Gomphrena globosa Limonium sinuatum Annual. Germination: 70°F, darkness required, Annual. Germination: 60°F, 18 days. Full sun. 20 days. Sow indoors in March, transplant in Sow indoors in early spring and transplant after May. Space 9–12 in. apart. last frost to good loam. Space 9–12 in. apart. Ht. 30 in. Globe Amaranth Selma Suns Mixed Colors ® Mix- Statice Mixed Colors ture of colors includes ® Pleasing blend of Selma Suns OG S ® 61 days. 7–8 ft. sturdy purple, red, pink, and colors: blue, purple, plants support between 6–30 heads with many white clover-like flowers. rose, yellow, and white. striking earth tone colors including red, orange, Drought tolerant. Ht. #01607 Pkt (0.15 g, brown, green, and yellow. Many multi-color 30 in. Clean seed. ~67 seeds) $2.50 Statice flowers. Heads range from 3–6 in. and store well #01602 Pkt (0.15 g, as cut flowers. #05313 Pkt (2 g, ~56 seeds) ~29 seeds) $3.25 Globe Amaranth StrawflowerHelichrysum bracteatum $2.75; #05313D (14 g) $8.50 Annual. Germination: 60°F, light required, 10 New! Seneca OG S ® 6 Jewels of Opar See Greens, p. 23 days. Full sun. Sow indoors in March, trans- 56 days. [Native American plant after frost. Space 9–12 in. apart. Harvest heirloom. Thanks to Tony Job’s Tears flowers when blooms are 2/3 open. The flowers West for our seedstock.] keep for months, great for indoor color after fall 6-10 in. yellow flowers, Coix lacryma-jobi frosts. usually one large flower Annual. Germina- with many smaller flowers. tion: 70 degrees, 7-9 ft. tall plants. Mix Seneca 21 days. Scarify to of grey, white, and black speed germination. seeds. #05317 Pkt (3 g, ~55 seeds) $2.95 Full sun. Direct sow or transplant Silverleaf Sunflower OG after last frost. ® 6 H. argophyllus Job’s Tears S ( ) Space 2-3 ft. apart. 54 days. Very unusual – silvery green, soft, fuzzy Job’s Tears OG S ® 6 110 days. ¼ in. x 3/8 in. leaves like Lamb’s-ear! tear-shaped seeds in an attractive mix of mottled 6-15 ft. plants have many patterns dominated by shades of gray, with some Strawflower Tall Mix branches. 2-4 in. bright black and white. Seeds are easily threaded and yellow flowers with Silverleaf frequently used in rosaries and other beaded Strawflower Tall Mix OG S ® Standard tall 3/4-1½ in. centers. Highly accessories. Seeds borne in clusters on mostly strawflower with mixed colors: yellow, bronze, attractive to pollinators 3 ft. tall grass plants; some plants reach about crimson, white, and shades of rose. and birds, blooms until frost. Rare species native 5 ft. tall. Hard pseudocarps make this variety #01608 Pkt (0.2 g, ~280 seeds) $2.75 to the Gulf Coast and southern Texas. Crosses unsuitable for culinary use. Cannot ship to HI. with common sunflowers. If planted early, the #01622 Pkt (4 g, ~19 seeds) $3.25 Ornamental Wheat Triticum sp. plants can get up to 15 ft. tall, with the stalks bending to keep their balance. Late in the season An excellent addition to dried flower arrange- Nigella (Love-in-a-Mist) ments. All require full sun for good color tall plants may shed their lower leaves, so some Nigella damascena gardeners pair these with another plant like development. Plant in the spring as soon as soil zinnias in front to preserve the modesty of the Annual. Germination: 60°F, 21 days. Full sun. can be worked. Matures in mid-to-late summer. lower bare stems. #05701 Pkt (1 g, ~110 seeds) Direct sow after frost since it does not trans- Space 12 in. apart. $2.75 plant easily. Space 9 in. apart. 75 days. Self sows readily. Taiyo OG ® 6 68 days. [Japanese heirloom; in Jap- Nigella Love- anese, “taiyo” means “sun.”] in-a-Mist 3-6 in. golden-yellow Mixed Colors heads on 6 ft. plants, long OG S ® 6 An blooming period. #05316 old-fashioned Pkt (4 g, ~99 seeds) $2.50 Taiyo flower from southern Eu- rope sometimes Nigella Love-in-a-Mist called Fennel Black Eagle Flower because of its nutmeg-flavored seeds. Mixed flowers in shades of blue, pink, white, and purple, averag- Black Eagle OG S [24–36 in.] Mostly black, ing 11 in. in diameter. #01605 Pkt (0.2 g, ~77 ornamental hard red spring wheat with black seeds) $2.75; #01605C (7 g) $6.50 awns and black/white glumes. #01611 Pkt (7 g, Velvet Queen ~175 seeds) $2.75 Cannot ship to Canada. Velvet Queen OG ® 55 days. 4–6 in. flowers in gold, brown, cream, orange, and muted reds and Our flower selection emphasizes open-pollinated traditional favorites. Many violets. Well-branched, sturdy, poly-headed 6–7 people have told us that they enjoy the single-flowered old fashioned types because of their elegant ft. plants. Use for cut flowers and tall borders. simplicity and beauty, and others have commented that the fragrance has been bred out of many #05311 Pkt (4 g, ~140 seeds) $2.50; #05311E modern varieties. Our Seed Shares exchange policy (pg. 2) also applies to family heirloom flowers. (28 g) $5.75 With your help we all may be able to enjoy the fragrance and simplicity of old-fashioned flowers in modern gardens. Sunflowers, ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Everlasting Flowers 73 2 Grains & Cover Crops 2 Legume Cover Crops Legume cover crops belong to the Fabaceae Grain Amaranth Amaranthus spp. Buckwheat (Leguminosae) plant family, commonly called the pea or bean family. They all share a common trait: Amaranth has been grown as a staple crop for at Fagopyron esculentum they form symbiotic relationships in their roots with least 8,000 years in Central American cultures. nitrogen-fixing bacteria found in plain old garden Amaranth has many valuable qualities: (1) Buckwheat OG ® soil. Plant these cover crops to create an astounding high content of lysine-rich protein, (2) high 30–45 days as a underground community that pulls nitrogen out of mineral and vitamin content, and (3) ability to green manure crop, the air! Most of the nitrogen winds up in the plants grow at high temperatures when many other 80 days for grain. themselves, not the soil, so for the most benefit, till crops become unproductive. Pest Control: Tr y Wait until grain these crops under when they’re still live and green... using amaranth as a trap crop or decoy crop for heads form if you before they die back and release all that nourishing cucumber beetles, which are highly attracted to want the crop to nitrogen back into the atomosphere! amaranth. This strategy may reduce the number re-seed. May be used of beetles on cucurbits planted nearby. Culture: as a nutritious cereal see p. 81. Amaranth is planted at about the same time as grain or pancake Buckwheat Legume Inoculant corn. Two weeks after the last frost date sow seed flour. Young leaves Clover Trifolium spp. ¼–3/8 in. deep, 1 in. apart in rows 2–3 ft. apart. may be added to salads. The deep root system Thin to 4–10 in. apart. The seeds are quite small of buckwheat is good at mining subsurface Crimson Clover and the soil must be kept moist until the crop minerals and it is an excellent crop for utilizing OG ® (Trifoli- has germinated. Once plants are established the nutrients in rock powder fertilizers. Sow um incarnatum) they can withstand dry soil. Too much nitrogen any time between last spring frost and 1 month (annual) Upright causes amaranth plants to lodge. Amaranth is prior to first fall frost. A great quick summer winter annual a nitrate accumulator, so avoid any synthetic crop – fast-growing plants choke out weeds, bees resembles red nitrogen. Plant height is very dependent on soil love the white flowers that appear in 4–5 weeks, clover in size and fertility and moisture content. Seed Sowing and the tender stems are easy to cut down when growth, but with Tip: For ease of sowing, place seeds in a salt the crop’s done. For a fall/winter cover crop we longer, bright shaker and sprinkle seeds into the row. Seed recommend sowing buckwheat together with crimson blooms. Harvest: Seed heads mature unevenly. Some crimson clover. The buckwheat acts as a nurse Widely used in Crimson Clover early seed may be collected by “massaging” crop for the crimson clover during the heat of Mid-Atlantic areas the seed heads above a bucket. To harvest later the day. In the fall, the buckwheat is killed by where winter lows maturing seed wait until after frost to cut the frost. 1 lb sows 400 sq. ft. #73101 Pkt (1 lb) stay above 10°F. Sow from mid-July through seed heads. Thresh the seed heads (while wearing $6.75; #73101A (4 lbs) $15.75 mid-September. ¼ lb. sows 450 sq. ft. #73204 a dust mask), screen out the chaff, and winnow Pkt (¼ lb) $4.50 the seed. Freshly harvested seed may have a Grinding Corn Pgs. 14–16. Red Clover OG ® high moisture content. Spread the seed in thin Trifolium pratense layers until it has fully cured. Preparation: ( ) (bi- ennial) Rapid-growing Grind grain in a flour mill, sprout it, pop it like Ragi Millet popcorn, or use it in hot cereal. Seed Savers: green manure crop to Amaranth is primarily self-pollinated. Separate Culture: Direct seed or transplant (transplants 10–18 in. The flowers varieties by at least 150 ft. for pure seed. Packet: well) after soil has warmed after last frost, can be harvested for 2 g (about 1700 seeds) sows 65–130 ft. spacing 4–6 in. apart, and harvest the dried seed tea. Sow in the spring heads as they mature. or fall for turndown to incorporate organic Golden Amaranth S Red Clover ® 6 (A. hypochon- Dragon’s Claw OG S ® nitrogen into the driacus) 80 days. A 6 (Eleusine coracana) 95 soil. Sow in the aisles high-quality Aztec grain days. A highly productive, between taller crops to deter weeds. Buckwheat amaranth. Stalks and drought-tolerant variety may be used as a nurse crop to aide germination leaves are golden yellow that is very ornamental, es- of clover in summer heat. The clover will grow with bronze-gold seed pecially as a border. Annual slowly under the buckwheat until fall frost kills heads. Stalks average 6 plants, 3 ft. high, produce the buckwheat and allows the clover to establish ft. Can be used as a dry seed heads that resembles quickly. This method eliminates fall tilling. Seed land/irrigated ama- the claws of a dragon’s coated with Apex Green Hydroloc, an organi- ranth. In the far north foot. A staple food in India cally-approved blend of minerals and beneficial bacteria. ¼ lb sows 500 sq. ft. #73201 Pkt (¼ long days may delay and Africa, with good Dragon’s Claw flowering. #72101 Pkt Mayo Indian & flavor, though the seeds are lb) $3.95 Golden Amaranth difficult to separate from (~2,700 seeds) $2.75 White Dutch Clover ® chaff. #72651 Pkt (2 g, ~1050 seeds) $2.75 Back! Mayo Indian OG S ® 6 (A. cruentus) (Trifolium repens) (peren- 90 days. [From Sonora, Mexico.] Very vigorous Pearl Millet nial) A low-growing (4–8 variety with sturdy stalks. Can reach 7-8 ft. tall in.) clover in good conditions. Primarily used for grain or Pennisetum glaucum sometimes to make pinole and atole. The leaves may also New! Pearl Millet ® Excellent used in be used like spinach. Black seeds. The stalks, leaf warm-season cover crop grass – grass seed veins, and large seed heads are a beautiful ma- drought-tolerant, handles poor and acidic mixtures. White Dutch roon red, a bright contrast to the green foliage. soils. At 3-6 ft. tall, it won’t get as big and Can be sown Clover Makes a nice ornamental as unwieldy as sorghum-sudangrass! Sow between gar- well. #72103 Pkt (2 g) $2.95 after last frost – usually 2-4 weeks after – den rows or used as a living mulch wait for soil to warm to at least 65°F. If to add nitrogen and to smother Plainsman ® (A. hypochon- S you don’t want volunteers the next year, out weeds. Sow in late winter, driacus x hybridus) [1991, U. spring, late summer, or fall. ¼ lb of Nebraska.] Widely-adapted, mow in late summer/early fall before the seed heads fully mature. ½ lb sows 700- sows 1000 sq. ft. #73202 Pkt (¼ early, high-yielding variety. #73213 Pkt (½ lb) $4.25 Pearl Millet lb) $4.25 Golden seed, maroon flowers, 2100 sq. ft. 5-6 ft. tall plants. 74 #72104 Pkt $2.75 Plainsman Amaranth Grains & Cover Crops www.SouthernExposure.com Austrian Winter Peas OG ® (Pisum sativum Oats Avena nuda Rice Oryza sativa subsp. arvense) (annual) Oats, Hulless OG Culture: Rice needs nitrogen-rich soil. Rice does Sow Aug. 15-Nov. 1 as ® Growing your not need to be flooded – flooding is traditionally a winter cover crop in own oats is easy with used for weed control – but plants will need an zones 6 and up. Hardy Hulless Oats. Sow in inch of rain or irrigation per week. Direct seed to 0°F. A great edible early spring as soon or transplant healthy seedlings, rows 9–12 in. cover crop – snip as the ground can be apart, 6 in. in rows. Keep well-weeded – don’t off the tendrils and worked. Harvest in Hulless Oats let grass weeds become mixed up in your rice! growing tips for salads! mid- to late summer, Harvest: Finches and other birds love rice, so Flowers earlier (April) thresh, and win- use bird netting to protect the mature seedheads. than hairy vetch. For now. Hulless Oats lack the indigestible husk of Harvest when seeds are brown, gently pulling maximum nitrogen Austrian Winter Peas common oats; they do have a hull, but it’s easily mature seeds off the stalks, harvesting several fixing, wait until at threshed off. Grind into oat flour or crack in a times over a period of a few days. For eating, rice least 50% of the plants have flowered before grain mill to make oatmeal. Oatstraw, the green needs to be de-hulled, which requires specialized mowing crop. Sow at rate of 1-11 lb per 500 leafy stems, can be harvested for tea. For a win- machinery, such as Grain Maker’s Homestead sq. ft. Best sown with annual rye in a ratio of 1 ter cover crop, sow in late summer; in cold areas, Huller. lb peas to 4 lbs rye. #73205 Pkt (½ lb) $3.50 oats will get winter-killed when temperatures Carolina Gold Hairy Vetch drop below 10°F, and the crop residue is then ® 6 easy to work under for planting early spring S 150 OG ® (Vicia days. [1685 or villosa) (annu- crops like peas and potatoes. ½ lb sows 175–250 sq. ft. #72552 Pkt (½ lb) $4.25 earlier. The main al) Sow Aug. rice grown in Car- 1–Nov. 1 as a olina wetlands for winter cover Radish Raphanus sativus hundreds of years. crop. Grows Seedstock from An- New! Deep Till slowly in fall, ® son Mills.] Golden then rapidly in Radish OG Carolina Gold Cover crop rad- long grain rice. spring, putting Slow Food USA, out beautiful ishes have gained much traction in the Ark of Taste listing, praises its “stunning purple flowers subtle green tea, nutty almond and floral aromas that bees love. in recent years, especially in no-till and flavors. Carolina Gold brown rice tastes Highly effi- Hairy Vetch almost like barley with a nutty taste and a little cient nitrogen systems, because of how well they bit of a sweet finish. It has a beautiful chewy fixer; for maximum nitrogen fixing, wait until texture.” #72555 Pkt (7 g, ~230 seeds) $3.50 at least 50% of the plants have flowered before break up compact- ed soil. Winter Charleston Gold ® mowing crop. Mow it in the spring after flower- Deep Till Radish S [Seedstock thanks to the ing starts and transplant tomatoes or other large kills them where Carolina Rice Foundation.] A modern refine- plants directly into the vetch, or till under. Sow temps regularly ment of the classic Carolina Gold, keeping its at rate of 1 lb per 500 sq. ft. Best sown with get below 20°F. Residue decomposes quickly great flavor, color, and texture, but with the annual rye in a ratio of 1 lb vetch to 4 lbs rye. and releases its nitrogen early. Channels created bonuses of longer and more fragrant grains, as #73203 Pkt (½ lb) $4.95 by radish roots improve infiltration, drainage, well as shorter stalks to make the plants more soil warming, and growth of the next crop’s root storm-hardy. #72557 Pkt (7 g) $3.50 Hardee – See Southern Peas (p. 37) systems. Other advantages of cover crop radishes Hmong Sticky S ® 6 [Seedstock from Chu Iron & Clay – See Southern Peas (p. 37). include rapid fall growth, weed suppression, high biomass, excellent scavenging of nutri- Yang in Claremont, NC. Introduced 2009 by ents, and suppression of root knot nematodes. SESE.] Traditional Asian variety yields good Generally good eating quality, but expect more harvests from 4–5 ft. tall plants. #72554 Pkt (7 variability than with radish varieties selected for g, ~236 seeds) $3.50 food. Sow with caution if there are harlequin bugs in your area; one strategy for fighting harle- quin bugs is to ensure that at some time of year there are no crops in the radish family for the bugs to feed on. Sow ~late July–mid-Sept. Sow alone at ¼ lb per 1,000 square feet, or mix with other cover crops. #73243 Pkt (1 lb) $4.95

Sunn Hemp Triticum aestivum Wheat M-101 Wheat, Hard Sunn Hemp ® (Crotalaria juncea) [Native to Winter, Nu East Back! M-101 S ® 120 days. [Cooperatively South Asia] Summer cover crop can grow to 6 ft. OG S ® [2009, introduced 1979 primarily by the CA Coopera- within 60 days. Fixes lots of nitrogen, suppresses ARS/USDA] A tive Rice Research Foundation and the USDA.] nematodes, thrives in heat, tolerates drought, great new wheat Can be grown as a paddy rice or as an upland pulls nutrients from deep in the subsoil, and dies variety bred for (dry rice). A California-type, 3 ft. tall, medium with frost. Day-length-sensitive plants produce the Southeast, a grain, with smooth hulls and leaves, and moder- lots of attractive bright yellow flowers late in the favorite for many ate awns. Plants are very vigorous, resist lodging, season but won’t mature seed above 28°N latitude bakeries. High and have excellent cold tolerance in the seedling (i.e., only makes seed in s. Florida and the s. tip yields, very good and reproductive stage. Needs more nitrogen of Texas). Best planted in rows 2-3 feet apart. wheat rust resis- than heirloom varieties. Grows from Albany, In warm areas, mow when plants reach 5-8 ft. tance. Plant 2-4 Nu East NY, south to FL. #72551 Pkt (7 g, ~320 seeds) to keep stems from becoming too massive and lbs per 1000 sq. ft. $3.50 fibrous. ¼ lb sows 250 sq ft. Traditionally used for cover crop, or 2 lbs per 1000 sq. ft. for grain for soil improvement and fiber. #73221 Pkt (¼ crop. #72802 Pkt (½ lb) $3.50; #72802A (4 lb) $4.95 lbs) $15.75 Cannot ship to Canada. Grains & Cover Crops continue on the ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic next page. 75 Sorghum & Broom Corn Sorghum bicolor Classification and Historical Notes:Sorghum originated in Africa, where it has been cultivated since 2,200 B.C. Though sorghum may have been grown in the U.S. as early as 1700, the first recorded introduction was by William R. Prince of Flushing, NY in 1853. By 1859 it was grown in 32 states. There are four main classes of sorghum and many cultivars: (1) cane sorghum with sweet stalks used for making syrup, (2) grain sorghum used for feed or for making flour or cereal, (3) broom corns, and (4) grass sorghum used for pasturing. Sorghum has excellent resistance to drought due to its extensive root system. It is a valuable crop in dry areas since it will produce grain where Winter Rye corn may fail. Culture: Sorghum is planted in the same fashion as corn, with similar spacing. (See corn section.) Sow seeds ½–3/4 in. deep. Seed Harvest: Seed is mature for harvest when the seed stalk Winter Rye Secale cereale has started to dry. Cut the stalk, allow to dry further under cover, strip the seeds by hand, and win- now to clean. Grain sorghum can be used like flour corn. It is especially good for making pancake Winter Rye, Common ® OG Rye cover crop Syrup Harvest: is great for controlling erosion, adding organic flour. In the fall, strip the leaves, and after cutting the cane into convenient lengths, matter, enhancing soil life, and suppressing crush the cane and press out the juice into a pot. Cook to reduce the liquid until it reaches the weeds. Its extensive root system makes it among consistency of maple syrup. The sweet canes of cane sorghum can be peeled and chewed like candy – we like to plant a small patch for snacking. Seed Savers: Isolate ½ mile from other sorghum, broom the best green manures for improving soil struc- Packet: ture. It is an excellent soil renovator and pioneer corn, grass and sudan grass. 7 g (about 350 seeds) sows 50 ft. crop for new fields. Rye is very good at releasing Dale ® phosphorus and potassium. It also stabilizes Sweet Sorghum: Production & Processing S 120 days. [George Kuepper.] A simple guide to small-scale, [1970 USDA/ADS & excess soil and manure nitrogen. Rye and vetch MAESS.] together are one of the preferred cover crops ecological production of pure sorghum syrup. Sturdy 12 ft. for no-till tomato planting. Rye is also good for Chapters on harvesting, milling, juicing, cooking, stalks with excellent animal grazing; it’s highly palatable and of good packaging, labeling, pricing, and more. Includes disease resistance, well nutritional quality, and regrows after grazing. sources of supplies and equipment. Spiral bound adapted throughout the Southeast. Syrup Rapid establishment and growth together with paperback, 96 pp. #91134 $16.95 Dale germination suppression make rye an excellent has mild flavor with good color; small, red- choice preceeding organic transplants. Sow Black Amber Cane Aug. 1–Nov. 15 as a winter cover crop. Plant at OG S ® 6 99 days. dish-brown seed also good for grits and pancake 4–6 lbs per 1000 sq. ft., or 60–112 lbs per acre. [Heirloom sent to us flour. Missouri’s Sandhill Farm uses this variety #72702 Pkt (½ lb) $2.95; #72702A (4 lbs) from R.C. Mauldin of for their fine sorghum syrup. #72609 Pkt $2.50 $14.75 the Southwestern Seed Service Lab in Waco, TX. Reintroduced by Sesame Sesamum indicum SESE 1997.] One of the earliest sweet canes Culture: Vigorous, heat-loving plants. Direct introduced to Amer- seed or transplant after last danger of frost. Space ican agriculture. Not plants at 8-24 in. May benefit from staking. as sweet as other syrup Harvest either by cutting stalks when there are sorghums. As a silage Black Amber Cane more brown pods than green and standing them crop it has the hay and upright to dry, or by cutting dried stalks with wild game quality of Della open pods. Turn dried stalks upside down over a ‘Merit.’ A good intercrop with beans and peas. tarp or cloth, shake seeds out, and winnow. 8–9 ft. stalks, loose heads of shiny black seeds Della S ® 115 days. [1991, Virginia Polytech- are grown by many folks for their chickens.. nic U.] Similar to Dale, good disease resistance, Benne Sesame OG #72606 Pkt $2.75; #72606F (1 lb) $11.50 makes mild light syrup. A week earlier than S ® 6 160 days. [Thanks to David Coral S ® 6 [From Dale, with more variable stalk height (10–11 Shields for seedstock.] the Shilluk, or Chollo, ft.). #72612 Pkt $2.50; #72612F (¼ lb) $10.50 An old-fashioned people of Malakal, South sesame, common Sudan, via the USDA in 19th century and the Experimental Southern cooking, Farm Network.] Multi- traditionally pro- use and high-yielding. cessed into flour and Huge stalks, 1½ in. oil. Richly flavored wide and 9-12 ft. tall. brown seeds with Sometimes tillers to lower oil content produce multiple stalks than modern per plant. Sweet stalks sesames. 7-ft. plants. are good for syrup or Coral Hungarian Black-Seeded #72622 Pkt (1.5 g) Benne Sesame chewing. Immature sor- $2.75 ghum seeds are a traditional food both in Sudan Hungarian Black-Seeded Broom Corn OG S and in South India; this variety is ready when ® 6 105 days. Heirloom broom corn tradi- Monticello White the highest seeds have just begun to turn purple. tionally used for making brooms. Grows 8–10 Sesame ® 6 OG S We found them tasty but still haven’t managed ft. tall, producing long seedheads heavily laden 150 days. [Thomas to thresh them efficiently. Mature seeds can be Jefferson was an enthu- with shiny black seeds. An important historical ground into flour, cooked whole, or popped variety. #72602 Pkt $2.75 siastic sesame grower. like popcorn, making for an impressive range Thanks to Monticello of foods from one variety. 30% of proceeds Iowa Sweet 6 S 110 for our seedstock.] 6-ft. from this rare variety will go to the Experi- days. [Sand Hill Preserva- plants. Tan seeds with mental Farm Network and their seed grower, tion Center.] A very sweet medium oil content. to support their work to preserve and return sugar cane type, about 9 #72601 Pkt (1.5 g, Monticello White varieties from communities endangered by ft. tall with juicy stalks. ~450 seeds) $2.75 Sesame war. #72616 Pkt $2.75 #72610 Pkt $2.50 Iowa Sweet 76 Grains & Cover Crops www.SouthernExposure.com Mennonite OG ® 6 S 105 days. [Men- 2 Books & DVDs 2 nonite heirloom from Jamesport, MO area.] This old fashioned Grow Great Vegetables: gardening guides cane sorghum is used Mennonite to make light-colored written specifically for your state! syrup for pancakes or waffles. 7–9 ft. tall stalks. The red-hulled seed may be ground to make by Ira Wallace of Southern Exposure Seed Exchange flour, especially for pancakes. #72604 Pkt $2.75; #72604F (¼ lb) $11.50 Five new Southeastern state-specific gardening books by Southern Exposure’s Rainbow Broomcorn own gardening expert Ira Wallace. Ira takes OG S ® 6 110 days. the regional info you all expect from her Gorgeous ornamental. and makes it specific for each of 5 states. 7–8 ft. tall mix of color- Learn what to plant, when to plant and ful sprays of red-bronze, harvest for the best results in the regions of brown, black, and each state from monthly planting guides. burgundy, plus natural Each book provides the info you need to straw color. #72615 Rainbow Broomcorn succeed in growing vegetables, herbs and Pkt $2.75 fruits in your state. Covers building fertile soil, mulch, crop rotation, climatic zones, Red Broomseed Corn OG S ® 6 100 days.Tradi- first and last frosts, best varieties and other tionally used for making tips for an abundant harvest year-round in hearth brooms, also great your garden. Pre-order your state’s book for dried arrangements. for delivery in March. Large, splayed seedheads Grow Great Vegetables in Virginia, form at the top of 7–9 softcover pp 248, #91201 $19.95 available ft. tall stalks. Important 3/11/2020 historical variety. #72605 Pkt $2.75 Red Broomseed Grow Great Vegetables in North Carolina, Softcover pp 244, #91198 $19.95 available 3/11/2020 Grow Great Vegetables in South Carolina, Softcover pp 244, #91199 $19.95 available 3/11/2020 Grow Great Vegetables in Georgia, softcover pp 244, #91197 $19.95 available 3/25/2020 Grow Great Vegetables in Tennessee, softcover pp 244, #91200 $19.95 available 3/25/2020

Sugar Drip New Growing Guides for 2020

Sugar Drip OG S ® 6 102 days. One of the earliest-maturing varieties for the South, and New! The Organic No-Till Farming Revolu- New! Grow Your one of the most widely grown varieties in the tion: High Production Methods for Small- Soil! Harness southern mountains. Grows 6–8 ft. tall; suscep- Scale Farmers [Andrew Mefferd] There’s many the Power of the tible to lodging if not harvested early. Used for benefits to Soil Food Web to early production of very good quality syrup. reducing soil Create Your Best #72608 Pkt $2.75; #72608F (¼ lb) $11.50 tillage – reduc- Garden Ever [Di- ing weeding, ane Miessler] Prac- increasing tical, science-based storage of descriptions of carbon and soil structure and nutrients, im- the soil food web. proving water Includes instruc- retention, tions on how to and more. make compost, But no single compost tea, and strategy works biochar, as well as Tarahumara Popping for every farm how to increase soil and for every biodiversity and address nutrient deficiencies. Tarahumara Popping S ® 6 115 days. [From crop. Andrew Diane’s humor and simple language will help the Tarahumara people of NW Mexico.] The Mefferd profiles 17 different farms in this book, you remember the lessons! Diane lives in dried seeds can be popped like popcorn! Small, hearing what works and what doesn’t work for Nevada County, California, which gets about white seeds with nutty flavor. As with pop- the different farms and their crops, and covers 46 inches of rain per year - just a little more corn, the seeds need to dry a good while after tools, supplies, and techniques. Very readable, than our home in Virginia. Softcover, 176 pp. harvest before they’ll pop well. Unlike popcorn, and very practical! Softcover, 336 pp. #91196 #91202 $16.95 unpopped kernels in the pan are tender enough $29.95 to eat. 10–12 ft. tall plants. #72607 Pkt $2.50; #72607F (1 lb) $10.50 Grains & Cover ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Crops, Books 77 Pam Dawling, Twin Oaks Growing Guides & Companions Community Farm Building And Using Gardening When It Counts – Growing Food Our neighbor and Growing for Market con- Cold Frames [Charles In Hard Times [Steve Solomon.] Here’s the tributing editor Pam Dawling offers these Siegchrist.] This handy scoop on traditional techniques that produce excellent, informative, and highly detailed booklet gives easy-to-follow the most food in hard times, without a lot of gardening guides. Highly recommended. instructions for the using mulch, compost and water. Current popular Sustainable Mar- and constructing of cold intensive vegetable garden styles require a lot of ket Farming [Pam frames. Softcover, 32 pp. water, fertility and organic matter. This book #91103 $3.95 Dawling.] A practical shows you how to reduce your garden “inputs” guide for farmers and make your personal food supply more truly or serious gardeners sustainable. Feed yourself and your family with raising a variety of less money, less fossil fuel, and less high main- ollards outh crops on a few acres. C : A S - tenance equipment. Applicable to most areas ern radition Pam is a contributing T except tropics and hot deserts. Softcover, 360 from eed to able editor to Growing for S T pp. #91105 $21.95 [Edward H. Davis Market magazine. She & John T. Morgan] The Market Gardener: A Successful Grower’s provides a wealth of Collards are an icon Handbook for Small-Scale Organic Farm- how-to growing de- of southern food ing [Jean-Martin tails, time-saving field and an underrated Fortier.] Practical techniques, and extensive info on variety selec- nutritional power- information for the tions with a welcome Southeastern flavor from house that has long small-scale organic her years of experience providing year-round sustained southern- farmer: how to grow vegetables for 100 people at Twin Oaks Com- ers both black and better, not bigger. munity in central Virginia. Chapters on cover white. This book The style is down-to- crops, cultivation, individual vegetables, crop by two respected geographers traces the path of earth and so readable rotation, succession planting and more offer collards, exploring origins, sharing collard histo- you want to sit down time and money-saving insights for experienced ry, and preserving the stories of dozens of aging with it like a novel. growers as well as beginning farmers. Pam’s early stewards of heirloom landrace varieties. These Learn how Jean-Mar- years as a gardener in England provide insights stories and the seeds donated by Davis and Mor- tin and his wife Maude-Helen gross $110,000 on that make this volume an excellent resource for gan inspired the “Heirloom Collard Project” to 1.5 acres. Anyone starting out in market farming serious growers in any climate zone. Softcover, preserve this living history of the South. To learn or serious about producing their own food can 400 pp. #91174 $34.95 why collards matter read this book! Hardcover, benefit from reading this book. Softcover, 224 pp. The Year-Round 291 pp. #91191 $34.95 #91185 $24.95 Hoophouse: Epic Tomatoes: How The New Seed Starter’s Polytunnels for to Select and Grow Handbook [Nancy Bubel.] All Seasons and the Best Varieties Comprehensive, updated All Climates [Pam of All Time [Craig guide to seed and seedling Dawling] Another Lehoullier.] Craig intro- care, indoors and out. must-have book from duced Cherokee Purple Topics include light and SESE neighbor and to SESE and the world. temperature requirements, author of Sustainable He has grown thousands transplanting, diagnosing, Market Farming. This of tomato varieties, and correcting problems, is a thorough, clear most of them in hot and requirements of vegetable and easy-to-follow humid North Carolina, crops, pollination, selection, guide for designing and here he shares his seed saving, and seed and building a hoophouse and making a success hard-won wisdom on storage. Contains numerous informative tables and of growing abundant, delicious fresh produce how to grow great tasting tomatoes. A beautiful supply sources. Readable reference for all garden- all year round, in any climate, for market or just book is filled with great pictures of amazing ers. Softcover, 363 pp. #91118 $17.95 your family. Softcover 320 pp. #91194 $33.00 tomatoes. Softcover, 256 pp. #91184 $29.95 The Resilient Farming While Gardener [Carol Southern Provisions: Black: Soul Fire Deppe.] Oregon The Creation & Revival Farm’s Practical farmer and plant of a Cuisine [David S. Guide to Libera- breeder Carol Deppe’s Shields] Shields brings tion on the Land new book is a great 10 years of experience [Leah Penni- read for intermediate researching and exploring man] A rich and and advanced growers. the traditional cuisine culturally relevant Deppe gives good of the coastal Carolinas how-to manual strategies for how to “low country” to this for black and successfully garden enthralling work. Filled brown farmers. when health and other with solid history and Filled with uplift- issues limit one’s time. great stories about the ing stories of black She focuses on 5 main subsistence foods (corn, crops and livestock that contributions to beans, squash, potatoes, and…ducks!) Great in- originally defined the fla- agriculture and formation on growing, cooking, and storing the vors of this cuisine. He introduces readers to the the ongoing work tastiest and most nutritious varieties. Softcover, farmers, chefs and seeds people who are seeking at Soul Fire Farm to build an anti-racist and just 323 pp. #91166 $29.95 to bring back flavorful ingredients like Carolina food system. “This is the most inspiring book I Gold rice, Carolina African Runner peanuts, have read in years” – Ira Wallace. Softcover, 368 Benne sesame, and sorghum to our gardens and pp. #91193 $34.95 tables. Softcover, 481pp. #91190 $19.00

78 Books www.SouthernExposure.com Ira Wallace, Cookbooks & Food Garlic Southern Exposure Seed Exchange Preservation A quintessential guide for our region. Growing and Using Garlic Wild Fermentation: The [Glen Andrews.] This Storey Vegetable Gardening in the Southeast, The Flavor, Nutrition, And Country Wisdom booklet Timber Press Guide to [Ira Wallace.] Southern Craft Of Live-Culture has good practical advice for Exposure’s own gardening expert Ira Wallace Foods [Sandor Katz.] This the first time garlic grower, gives home gardeners the regionally specific book is a fave. Nearly 100 stressing advance soil prepa- information needed to succeed in our hot, home recipes for vegetable ration for success. Covers humid climate. ferments (sauerkraut, kim- a range of preservation It features what chi, pickles); bean ferments techniques from braiding to to plant, when to (miso, dosas); dairy fer- making your own garlic salt, plant, and when ments (yogurt); cheesemak- including 29 recipes. Soft- to harvest, based ing (and vegan alternatives); cover, 32 pp. #91182 $3.95 on our climate, sourdough and other grain Growing Great Garlic weather, and fermentations from Cherokee, African, Japanese, [Ron Engeland.] The Ira’s decades of and Russian traditions; vinegars and alcohol. definitive sourcebook for growing garlic organi- experience. The Fascinating reading about the amazing world of cally. Written for gardeners and small farmers, it Southeast region beneficial bacteria and fungi! 2nd ed. Softcover, covers everything from site preparation through includes Ala- 298 pp. #91161 $29.95. planting, fertilizing, harvesting, storing, and bama, Arkansas, marketing. Also includes chapters on the history northern Florida, New! The Whole Okra: and evolution of garlic. Based on the author’s Georgia, Ken- A Stem to Stem Celebra- experience with over 200 strains. Softcover, 226 tucky, Louisiana, tion [Chris Smith] British pp. #91111 $16.95 Maryland, Mississippi, N. Carolina, S. Carolina, expatriate Chris Smith’s Tennessee, Virginia, W. Virginia, and a slice of love letter to a favorite Native American NE Texas. Monthly planting guides show exact- crop of his adopted ly what you can do in the garden from January country. There’s great Gardening through December. The “Skill Sets” in the book recipes from restaurant Native American Gardening [Michael J. go beyond the basics, with tutorials on seed chefs, and Chris gives Caduto and Joseph Bruchac.] Stories, projects, saving, worm bins, and much more. This book an engaging account of and recipes for families. Combines the magical also includes a comprehensive gardening primer the many uses for okra world of Native American stories with the and an A-to-Z of edibles—a detailed guide for (okra oil, okra coffee, nurturing experience of gardening. Learn to the region’s tried-and-true varieties. Softcover, okra marshmallows, okra tofu, okra vodka, grow traditional “Three Sisters” gardens of corn, 216 pp. #91178 $19.95 okra pickles, okra pancakes…). Okra’s history beans, and squash. Explore the relationships be- is also explored (okra paper, someday your time tween people and the gardens of the Earth, seed may come again!) and there’s an excellent share preservation, Native diets and recipes, garden Agricultural Calendar of growing advice as well. Softcover, 272 pp. crafts, and games. Softcover, 158 pp. #91148 & Records #91195 $29.95 $16.95 Perpetual Gardening Record Book Just the Cindy Conner, thing for gardeners who prefer to use pen and “Made Easy”: paper to keep track of what’s happening in the Homeplace Earth Perfect for Beginners garden. Inspired by Thomas Jefferson’s meticu- Cover Crops And lous garden record books and proudly made in Compost Crops in Your Grow Your Own Food Alabama using recycled materials, it includes Garden Cindy Conner – Made Easy [C. Forrest growing charts, calendar pages, sketch pages, takes you through a year McDowell, PhD & and a resource page for keeping all records for in her garden. Using hand Tricia Clark-McDowell.] several years in one place. The large calendar tools she grows cover crops This small, inexpen- pages allow one to compare one’s planting amongst her vegetables sive treasure of a book dates, harvest dates, and yields over many years. to keep down weeds and distills the basics into 68 This wonderful book works in all zones, needs nourish the soil, then colorful, accessible, even no batteries, chargers or wifi. Timeless garden cuts down the cover crops humorous, pages. The quotes and photographs make it a great gift for mulch and compost. authors have decades of for the gardener in your life. Softcover, 80 pp. Features many of our faves experience growing food #91179 $14.95 (Bloody Butcher corn, Mis- and teaching others to grow food. This book is Stella Natura: Stella Natura sissippi Silver crowder peas, and more!). 2008. Working with Cosmic Rhythms a step-by-step guide to Kimberton Hills Biodynamic Planting Calendar DVD, 66 min. #91301 $25.00 producing lots of nutri- Agricultural Grow a Sustainable Diet: Planning and tious, delicious food using everyday skills, even Calendar A yearly Growing to Feed Ourselves and the Earth if you have a small space. When we show this guidebook to using Cindy Conner brings us a must-read book for the cosmic rhythms book at workshops and festivals, people gobble anyone working toward increased food self-suf- it up. Softcover, 68 pp. #91162 $6.95 in working the land ficiency for their family. This guide combines to help determine the garden planning and cover crop information Home Composting Made Easy [C. Forrest the best times for from her DVDs with more about growing a McDowell, PhD & Tricia Clark-McDowell.] planting, pruning, Over a million copies of this delightful and in- 2020 complete diet, food preservation, storage, and and harvesting. Inspiration & Practical Advice for spiring book are in print. It’s used by hundreds Gardeners & Professional Growers getting it all to the table so everyone in the fami- Based on ages of ly is satisfied, all using the least amount of fossil of municipalities, organizations, and businesses farming experience fuel. It is a tall order that Cindy handles well, to spread the word about home composting. and observation, this guide connects astro- using permaculture and bio-intensive gardening It covers pretty much all you need to know in a nomical events to the biological rhythms of methods. She ends with a chapter on “Rethink- simple, direct, and amusing style. Lots of practical plants. Included are 12 articles, one for each ing Everything” based on her years of helping tips, how-to information, and answers to common month. Hand-illustrated wall calendar and 40 gardeners make this change. Softcover, 240 pp. questions. Softcover, 32 pp. #91163 $3.95 page book, 9 × 12 in. Includes space for garden #91180 $19.95 notes. Current edition. #91131 $16.95 Books 79 Seed Saving Guides Herbs & Herbal Medicine 2 Supplies 2 Bush Medicine of The Bahamas: A Cross-Cul- Kentucky Heirloom tural Perspective From San Salvador Island, Seeds: Growing, Eating, Including Pharmacology Seedling Pots Saving [Bill Best with And Oral Histories 3-Inch Biodegradable Dobree Adams] More [Southern Exposure found- CowPots Created by two great stories from Bill er Jeff McCormack, Kath- dairy farmers, CowPots are Best of heirloom varieties leen Maier, Patty Wallens.] biodegradable seedling pots and their seedsavers! Sto- A comprehensive treatment made with 100% renewable ries of Aunt Lou’s Under- of Bahamian bush med- composted cow manure ground Railroad tomato, icine, dedicated to the pres- fiber. CowPots allow for Kentucky Rainbow corn, ervation and continued use unrestricted root growth CowPots greasy beans, Vinson of this knowledge before it creating stronger, healthier Watts tomato, and many is lost. Covers 120 medici- plants. A great alternative to plastic and peat more of our favorite nal plants, including details pots. The manufacturing process removes all varieties. Hardcover, 269 of administration and dosage, pharmacology, and weeds, pathogens and odor. All that’s left is the pp. #91192 $26.95 cross-cultural uses; non-botanical remedies are natural fiber and goodness of manure. Once covered as well. Fascinating oral histories provide planted, the 3 in. round pot stays intact for up The Organic Seed details of the healers’ practice and glimpses of to 3 months in a greenhouse setting. Unused Grower [John Navazio.] the culture of San Salvador Island. Includes color and kept in a cool, dry location, shelf life is Written for both serious illustrations of over 100 medicinal plants, and the indefinite. #81655 24 pots for $10.00 home Seed Savers and people who use them. Large Hardcover, 396 pp. diversified small-scale #91169 $37.00 Handheld All-Purpose farmers who want to learn the necessary steps Growing And Using The Gardening Tool involved in successfully Top 10 Most Popular Cobrahead “Steel Fingernail” Weeder and producing a commercial Herbs [Jim Long.] Ozarks Cultivator Made in the USA of knife-qual- seed crop organically. herbalist Jim Long’s ity steel, the CobraHead is simply the best “An essential guide to overview of the US’s most all-around small tool high-quality, organic popular herbs: basil, laven- I’ve come across. It cuts seed production: well grounded in fundamental der, parsley, mint, rosemary, through all types of soils. principles, brimming with practical techniques, oregano/marjoram, thyme, The weeds it can’t cut, it thorough in coverage, and remarkably well orga- sage, chives, and cilantro. lifts. The self-sharpening nized, accessible, and readable.” – Jeff McCor- Good growing, harvesting, blade can be used in all mack, Southern Exposure founder. Hardcover, and drying info, as well as directions. The com- 388 pp. #91176 $49.95 tasty recipes. Softcover, 36 fortable handle is made pp. #91167 $6.95 from recycled plastic. The The Seed Garden: The CobraHead has a full Cobrahead Art and Practice of The Herbal Medicine-Maker’s Handbook one-year warranty against Seed Saving [Shanyn [James Green.] An indispensable guide for manufacturer defects. Siegel and Lee Buttala anyone who wants to make their own herbal If defective, return it within the year together (editors), Micaela medicines. The author is a practicing herbalist with your receipt, and we’ll send you another Colley and Jared Zystro and medicine-maker who teaches at the Califor- or refund your money. (Review by Ira Wallace) (authors).] Seed Savers nia School of Herbal Studies. Covers the science #81643 $24.95 Exchange partnered and art of herbal medicine making. Topics with the Organic Seed include harvesting, drying, storing, methods of Alliance to publish this herbal extraction, solvents, plant constituents, Row Cover / Season Extender beautifully illustrated absorbability, dosage calculations and more. Reemay® Garden volume written both Includes references, charts, forms, index, and Blanket (Row for home gardeners illustrations. 2000. Paperback, 384 pp. #91137 Cover) Extend your and farmers. An excellent complement to Seed $22.95 gardening season to Seed, focusing on more of the main vegeta- and control insects. ble and herb families, and including new seed Herbs 101: A Guide to Growing and Using Herbs [Jim Long.] A nice intro to the basics of Floating row cover saving research. Guidelines that break down is a spun-bonded, numbers and methods for the home garden, herb gardening by Ozarks herbalist Jim Long. Choosing, growing, harvesting, using, and reusable polyester commercial seed crops, and variety preserva- material that can be tion are especially valuable. Softcover, 390 pp. storing herbs are all covered. Many great recipes as well! Softcover, 36 pp. #91181 $5.95 placed directly over #91187 $29.95 row crops without Reemay® Garden Blanket Seed To Seed: Saving use of support Our Vegetable Heritage Weeds and hoops. Under nor- [Suzanne Ashworth.] 2nd mal use it should last 1–2 growing seasons; with edition. A thorough and Plant Disease care it can last longer. Crops grown under row comprehensive book on Weeds And What They cover produce earlier and higher quality har- seed saving for both new Tell Us [E. Pfeiffer.] 3rd vests. In sunny weather, raises daytime tempera- and experienced seed savers. edition. The presence of tures 10°F. Frost protection averages 4°F. Use to Covers all major and minor common garden weeds protect crops from wind and destructive insects. vegetable crops, many herbs, provides valuable clues Allows passage of light, air, moisture, and sprays. and unusual or rare vegetable about your soil, your gar- Some delicate crops may require wire support crops. Discusses pollination den environment, and the hoops. Simply unfold the row cover loosely over dynamics, methods of maintaining variety pu- kinds of conditions that the seed or plant bed. To secure the edges, cover rity, seed cleaning methods, seed collection and favor weed growth. This with a board, bury the edges in soil, or use fabric storage. An essential reference for Seed Savers. book tells you how to read staples (see below). Store dry, clean row cover Large format softcover, 222 pp. #91117 $24.95 the weeds. Softcover, 80 pp. #91123 $13.95 out of sunlight to extend row cover life. #81617 Reemay 67 in. × 50 ft. (279 sq. ft.) $22.50 80 Books, Supplies www.SouthernExposure.com Labels, Markers, and Tags 2 Seed Saving Supplies 2 All-Weather Mark- ing Pen Permanent, Seed Packets & Bags xylene-free, quick-drying Seed Cleaning Screens & Frames ink writes on all materials, Self-Seal Seed Packets White kraft with even when surfaces are double-sealed seams, top and bottom sift-proof cold or wet. An ultra-vio- corners (prevents loss of small seed), and self-seal let filter in the ink reduces Marking Pen re-closable tops. Can be opened and resealed 5 or fading. #81403 $3.75 more times in normal use. Measures 3 x 43/4 in. #85110 50 for $4.95 Plastic Plant Tags (for pots and garden rows) #85110A 200 for $15.95 Tags measuring 5 × 5/8 in. last one or two seasons #85110B 500 for $33.95 depending on the amount of sunlight exposure. #85110C 1000 for $62.00 Can also be fastened directly to plants by using Foam Pouches for a hole punch and a twist tie. #81406 50 for Seed Cleaning Screens $3.75 Mailing Seed, 20 3½ in. × 5 in. polyethylene Wooden Garden Labels (for foam pouches are great Seed-Cleaning Screens, set of 5 Screens are garden rows.) Made from New for trading small packets some of the most essential tools for small-scale England White Birch. These of small seeds through the cleaning of seeds that mature dry. These five sturdy labels have been coated mail. Provides padding screens - 2 mesh (strands per inch), 4 mesh, 8 with an environmentally friendly while fitting in a regular mesh, 16 mesh, and 32 mesh - are effective for preservative to resist rot. Labels envelope and allowing cleaning seeds ranging in size from amaranth to are 10 in. tall × 7/8 in. wide × 1/8 small seeds to be sent as a Foam Pouches beans, on a homestead or small farm scale. For in. thick. letter. #85109 $3.75 most types of seeds, we recommend pouring #81408 25 for $7.95 the seed harvest over two sizes of screens: one to Wooden #81408A 100 for $22.50 separate out the larger chaff, and one to separate #81408B 200 for $38.50 Garden Labels Moisture-Proof Seed Saver Vials™ out smaller chaff and dust. Screening generally Seed Saver Vials™ have a patented inner and complements winnowing and threshing, but Bird-Scare Tape outer valve design that ensures that the caps are can also be effective on its own. This set of Bird Scare Flash Tape Bird repellent tape leak-proof and airtight. Developed by university screens is affordable in part because of how little resembles a fire when blown by the wind. Helps researchers for industrial uses, these high-den- space it takes up. Comes with instructions on keep birds out of gardens and fruit crops during sity polypropylene hinged-capped reusable vials how to use screens, and how to build a frame the ripening period. Made of highly reflective, are ideal for seed savers and gardeners who do that screens can easily be moved in and out of, red and silver mylar ribbon that is twisted in not want to invest in heat-sealing equipment. similar to the ones we sell. Avoid small cuts a spiral and suspended from stakes over crops. Vials are sterile, non-toxic and translucent, and by wearing rubber or leather gloves to handle Slight breezes vibrate the ribbon creating the won’t break or crack. We have filled them with unframed screens. Screens are hand-cut to 11 in. visual effects of a brush fire. 290 ft. roll, 7/16 in. silica gel and boiled and chilled them to create x 11 in. See our website for further seed-saving wide. #81501 $6.50 pressure changes for two cycles. We’ve squeezed instructions, and p. 85 for more on how and them repeatedly under water without apparent why we support seed-savers. #85131 $33.00 Watering Supplies movement of moisture into the containers. Seed Cleaning Recommended for medium-term seed storage Dramm 170 Water Frames These to long-term seed storage. Breaker Allows for a con- sturdy, weather-re- centrated and gentle flow Supplied in four sizes. sistant frames are of water into small areas. Seed Saver Vial™ #12 handmade from Use for hand-watering of Our smallest vial, ideal for white oak, and raised beds, garden areas, protecting small amounts coated with linseed and potted plants. Ideal for Dramm 170 of seed. Measuring 3/4 in. oil. Screens are watering trays of seedlings. diameter by 2¼ in. tall, easily removable Durable aluminum construction. Fits standard it has a 12 ml volume. Vial #12 for cleaning and 3/4 in. hose thread. #81102 $21.20 #86012 25 for $9.90 switching. Routed Legume Inoculant exterior frames Seed Cleaning Frames Corn Shellers measure 13 × 13 Guard-N Legume Inoculant in. Interior frames nest in the routing to hold For garden peas, sweet peas, Corn Sheller This your choice of 11 × 11 in. screen. Set of 2 lima beans, soybeans, peanuts, hand-held aluminum frames holds one screen. By including the third sunn hemp, vetch, and com- sheller makes quick piece in the set of 3, you can hold two screens mon beans such as snap beans. work of shelling corn. 11/3 in. apart, enabling simultaneous separation Beneficial rhizobial bacteria #85111 $11.00 of seeds from larger chaff and from smaller chaff. Each frame piece in the set weighs about in the inoculant powder (also Popcorn Sheller Inoculant A in healthy soils) help legumes smaller corn sheller Corn Shellers 1 lb 3 oz. fix nitrogen, increasing vigor #85142 Set of 2, $48.00 for popcorn and other #85143 Set of 3, $68.00 and yield. Contains at least 200 million viable small-eared corn. #85112 $10.00 cells per gram of each of the following strains: Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna), Rhizobium legumi- nosarum biovar viceae, Rhizobium leguminosarum Not Just for Grafting: biovar phaseoli, and Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Ensure the Security of Frozen Seeds To use, dampen seed gradually with a very light Sealing/Grafting Film A self-sealing, stretchable, thermoplastic film sprinkling of water, then mix well with innocu- that is impervious to water. Use it as a secondary seal on lids of seed lant. Protect inoculant bag and inoculated seed storage containers to prevent passage of moisture past the lid. Simply from sun, high temperatures, hot winds, and stretch the film while wrapping it around the edge of the container lid. freezing. Store in sealed bag, between 40°F and This is also the preferred material for grafting and is superior to grafting 77°F. Expires the December following purchase. wax. Supplied as a 5 ft. long, 4 in. wide roll. #85108 $3.50 per roll #85150B (1.5 oz, treats 8 lbs of seed) $5.50 ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Supplies 81 2 Collections & Mixes 2 Our Heritage Collection Garlic & Perennial Onion Sampler Packs – p. 21, 35 Potato & Sweet Potato Sampler Packs – p. 83–84 Grow a Traditional Pollinator Collection 3-Sisters Garden!

Three Sisters Virginia Heritage Seed Collection Garden Pack Virginia Heritage Seed Collection OG ® 6 A specially priced collection of 12 varieties rich in flavor and history, all associated with Virginia and the Appalachians. All are certified organic and open-pollinated. Includes one packet each of Contender Bush Bean, Thoro- green Lima Bean, Benne Sesame, Champion Three Sisters Garden Package OG S ® Na- Collards, Roseland Small White Cucumber, tive Americans have been companion planting Deer Tongue Lettuce, Bowling Red Okra, Long the three sisters (squash, corn, and pole beans) Standing Bloomsdale Spinach, Early Golden for thousands of years. A well-maintained three sample pollinator collection varieties Summer Crookneck Summer Squash, Old sisters garden is both beautiful and productive. Virginia Tomato, Doe Hill Golden Bell Sweet The corn provides a tall stalk for the beans to We Welcome-to-the-Garden Pollinator Pepper, and Stone Mountain Watermelon. climb. The transpiration from the corn leaves give 30% of your purchase to the Piedmont Collection ® We’ve added phlox, for an even provides mild cooling for the beans. The beans, Environmental Council for their “Buy Fresh in turn, have the amazing ability to fix nitrogen more diverse sampler! Bees and other pollinators need pollen, nectar and shelter all season, Buy Local” Campaign. #92011 (12 full-size from the atmosphere. The squash serves to packets) $25.00 provide a living mulch, suppressing weeds and from early spring through late fall. Support keeping the hot summer sun from baking the your pollinators with this special collection of 13 old-fashioned single-blossomed heirloom, Celebrate Heirloom Veg Diversity earth dry. A Three Sisters garden is beautiful. with our Rainbow Mix! The circular yet directional pattern provides open-pollinated flowers and herbs. The white, a calming space to work in. The bean flowers purple, yellow, and orange colors preferred draping from the corn leaves seem to dance by pollinators provide beautiful blooms for over the large squash leaves. The squash and the gardener as well as food and shelter for bean flowers are heavily visited by pollinating honeybees and a variety of native pollinators. insects. Included is enough corn (Pungo Creek Includes phlox, calendula, echinacea, cosmos, Butcher), beans (Kentucky Wonder), and sweet alyssum, bachelor’s button, cleome, squash (Seminole pumpkin) seeds to plant a 25 sunflowers, rudbeckia, beebalm, and zinnia, as ft. circular Three Sisters garden, and our plant- well as our Gardeners Quick Guide to Welcoming #92001 (3 full-size packets) $8.50 Pollinators and Other Beneficial Insects. We give ing guide. 30% of your purchase price to the Piedmont Environmental Council for their “Buy Fresh Mesclun Collections Buy Local” Campaign. #92019 (13 full-size packets) $25.00 Spring Mesclun Collection OG ® A wonder- ful collection of spring salad greens. Includes one packet each of Long Standing Bloomsdale Perennial Insectary spinach, Swordleaf lettuce, Simpson Elite lettuce, Crawford lettuce, Susan’s Red Bibb lettuce, Red Russian kale, and Mizuna mustard greens. #92006 $13.00 Summer Mesclun Collection OG ® These heat-resistant greens should provide great salads pollinators on fennel blossoms all summer long. Includes one packet each of Tatsoi mustard greens, Magenta Magic orach, ® Rainbow Starters Collection Parris Island Cos lettuce, Buttercrunch lettuce, Wild Garden Perennial Insectary OG S Anuenue lettuce, and Jericho lettuce. The backbones of a spring through fall oasis for your resident beneficial insects. A complement #92002 $11.00 Rainbow Starters Collection OG ® A of self-sowing annuals, biennials, and perenni- colorful mix of 10 easy-to-grow varieties, great Fall Mesclun Collection ® OG This mix is als provide food, shelter, and pollen. Broadcast for families and for beginning gardeners. Jewel specially selected for both fall and winter har- or sow in rows 14 in. apart, thinning to a final Mix nasturtiums, Autumn Beauty sunflowers, vest. Includes one packet each of Parris Island spacing of 12 in. Manage plants by weeding Royalty Purple Pod bush beans, Lacinato Rain- Cos lettuce, Rouge d’Hiver lettuce, Schweitzer’s and thinning volunteers each spring. The leaves bow kale, Easter Egg radishes, Rainbow chard, Mescher Bibb lettuce, Forellenschluss lettuce, are edible. Includes fennel, Korean mint, gar- Purple Dragon carrots, Lemon cucumbers, Red Salad Bowl lettuce, Tatsoi mustard greens, den sorrel, alexanders, chervil, parsley, chicory, Tromboncino summer squash, and Wild Gar- Arugula, Winter Bloomsdale spinach, and Bulls cress, turnip, mustard, calendula, amaranth, #92014 #92003 $17.00 den lettuce mix. A great garden gift. Blood beet greens. and orach. #92010 (1 packet of mixed seeds) (10 full-size packets) $20.00 (7 g) $7.25 82 Mixes & Samplers www.SouthernExposure.com Seasonal Items: Shipping Surcharges Apply Potatoes Solanum tuberosum Potato Collections ® Shipping Surcharge for Seedling Potatoes: Favorite Potato Mix OG S Try four of our most popular potatoes $2 for one item, $4 total for any two or more items. and save $10.00. Assortment includes 1 pound each of Keuka Gold, Seedling Potatoes ship in the spring. Pre-order in winter or early spring. Dark Red Norland, Russian Banana Fingerling, and Yukon Gold. Shipment begins in March, southern-most areas first, from Wood Shipped in a sturdy box with planting instructions, recipes, and vari- Prairie Farm, where they are grown. U.S. shipping addresses only. ety photo cards. Certified organic seed potatoes – 4 separate 1 lb bags. #39804 (seedling potatoes, see shipping info at left) $49.00 Culture: Cut potatoes into pieces no smaller than an egg with no fewer than 2 eyes. Plant at 12 in. spacing, rows 3–4 ft. apart, in rich soil with lots Cook’s Potato Mix OG S ® Everybody loves potatoes! This sampler of extra compost. Kill Colorado Potato Beetles as soon as they appear. The includes four different tempting varieties for the adventurous cook’s adults lay many eggs, and the pink-purple larvae are much more destructive garden. You’ll love Caribe, Adirondack Red, King Harry, and Red than the adults. When plants are 6 in. high, side dress with compost and Cloud. 1 pound of each variety packed in a sturdy box with plant- hill them by mounding dirt up against them until only the very tip of the ing instructions, recipes, and variety photo cards. Save $5.00 off the top leaves are showing. For best results, hill again when plants have grown individual bag price. Certified organic seed potatoes – 4 separate 1 lb another 6 in. Dig potatoes from the ground after the plants have died and bags. #39805 (seedling potatoes, see shipping info at left) $49.00 the stems are dry to the ground level. Potatoes are shipped at appropriate Full Potato Mix OG S ® Try all eight of our selected potato vari- spring planting time for your area. For more specific shipping dates, see eties and save $26.00 off the per bag price. 1 pound each of Caribe, our website or call us. Order by April 1st. If you intend to make a second, Keuka Gold, Adirondack Red, Dark Red Norland, King Harry, Red later planting, please order extra seed potatoes to store in the refrigerator or Cloud, Russian Banana Fingerling, and Yukon Gold. All shipped in root cellar until planting time. Warning: After eating some home grown a sturdy box with planting instructions, recipes, and variety photo potatoes, you may never be able to eat commercial potatoes again. Bag: 1 cards. Certified organic seed potatoes – 8 separate 1 lb bags. lb, sows 6–10 ft. Each 1 lb of Certified Organic Seed Potatoes includes #39803 (seedling potatoes, see shipping info at left) $87.00 detailed planting instructions and a variety photo card.

Adirondack Red ® OG S King Harry OG S ® A new firm-fleshed A brand new, delicious, moist, red- round white potato from Cornell skinned, pink-fleshed selection from University that holds its shape well the Wood Prairie Farm trial when boiled. These early and gardens. Creamy, mid-dry, productive plants have hairy cranberry-red flesh. leaves, thanks to a wild potato King Harry #39505 (seedling potatoes, Adirondack Red from Bolivia, which deter pests see shipping info above) like the Colorado Potato beetle. $13.95 Great for potato salads, boiling, Caribe OG S ® One of the earliest sautées and soups. #39202 (seed- and prettiest potatoes you’ll dig. Deep ling potatoes, see shipping info above left) purple skin with snow white flesh. $13.95 Can be quite large with good Red Cloud OG S ® Beautiful crim- yields. Good for boiling, bak- son-skinned, white-fleshed potato ing, and frying. Lovely as a is uncommonly dry and delicious new potato. Very early Caribe baked or boiled. Red Cloud is maturing. #39201 named for the Ogalala Sioux Red Cloud (seedling potatoes, see Chief. Dig them early and small shipping info above) for new potatoes. Mid-season. $13.95 #39503 (seedling potatoes, Dark Red Norland OG S see shipping info above left) ® Very dark red skin, bright $13.95 white flesh, and high yields Russian Banana Fingerling OG S ® make this early maturing 6 Rare heirloom potato. Savory fin- selection a favorite with Dark Red ger-sized yellow tubers are exquisite Norland both home gardeners and baked, boiled, or in salads. Russian Banana market growers. The moist, Heirloom gourmet variety first Fingerling waxy, firm flesh is delicious grown by early Russian settlers. boiled, mashed, in potato salad Crescent-shaped tapered ends. or served whole as “baby Unsurpassed culinary quality. reds.” #39504 (seedling 105–135 days to maturity. #39702 potatoes, see shipping (seedling potatoes, see shipping info info above) $13.95 above left) $14.95 New! Keuka Gold ® OG S Yukon Gold OG S ® 6 [Cornell U. 2004.] A handsome Renowned for outstanding golden-fleshed potato with excellent flavor. The best known of the flavor. It excels when boiled, European-style yellow-flesh can be roasted, and is a potatoes. Drier than most Yukon Gold fine moist baker. Golden other yellow flesh potatoes. skin, golden flesh. Good Keuka Gold Perfect for baking and yields and disease resistance mashing. Good yields and — easier to grow for some than an excellent keeper. Very Yukon Gold! Mid-season. #39304 early maturing. #39301 (seedling (seedling potatoes, see shipping potatoes, see shipping info above info above left) $13.95 left) $13.95

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Potatoes 83 Seasonal Items: Shipping Surcharges Apply Sweet Potatoes Ipomoea batatas Limited Quantities – Order Early! Georgia Jet becca’s Purple Shipping Surcharge for Sweet Potato Slips: $2 for one item, $4 total for any two or more items. Check www.SouthernExposure.com for limited Seedling Potatoes ship in the spring: mid-May to early June, southern-most areas first, quantities of these varieties and possibly a few (but may be pre-ordered starting in December). U.S. shipping addresses only. more. Order early as we expect to sell out quickly. Culture: Plant slips one month after average last spring frost. Sweet potatoes need full sun Sweet Potato Pricing and warm, settled weather to grow well; slips Remember to include the correct letter on Sweet Potato Collections planted too early won’t thrive. Provide loose, the Order Form or Quick Order webpage! well-drained soil high in organic matter. For Sweet Potato Mix, 3 Orange Varieties OG S ® maximum production, plant in raised beds. A (6 slips) $10.00 D (48 slips) $39.00 6 slips each of 3 orange-fleshed sweet potato varieties of our choosing, from a selection of Space slips 10–18 in. apart in rows 3–5 ft. B (12 slips) $15.99 E (100 slips) $59.00 apart. Keep the slips well-watered for several many varieties. #74155 (18 live slips, see days after planting while the roots establish. C (24 slips) $24.99 shipping info above left) $29.00 In northern areas, use black plastic mulch Sweet Potato Mix: Orange, White, Purple and row cover to warm the soil. Harvest: Sweet OG S ® A mix of 3 different sweet potato potatoes need at least 90–120 days to mature. varieties of our choosing: 6 orange-fleshed slips, Use a garden fork to gently dig the mature tubers 6 white-fleshed slips, and 6 purple-fleshed slips, before frost. Cure for 7–10 days in a dark room at from a selection of many varieties. 80–90°F and approximately 90% relative humid- Carolina Ruby #74156 (18 live slips, see shipping info ity. Curing sweetens the flavor and toughens the above left) $29.00 skins, which increases storage life. Store above Carolina Ruby OG S ® 6 100 days. A reliable variety with high yields. Dark orange flesh when 55°F. Every order includes our detailed Sweet Hernandez ® 6 cooked and a smooth ruby skin. Perhaps the OG S 120 Potato Growing Guide (also available online at days. Purple-stemmed with www.SouthernExposure.com). most strikingly red of the red-skinned sweet potatoes. High level of resistance to Fusarium light red-skin and orange wilt and soil rot. Moist texture and moderate flesh. Excellent yields and sweetness. Stores well. #74104 (live slips, see a tendency to produce a shipping & pricing info above) couple “jumbo” roots in each bunch. Very sweet and moist when cooked. Great baking potato. #74113 (live slips, All Purple see shipping & pricing info above) Hernandez ll urple ® 6 A P OG S 120 days. [Traditional Diane Japanese variety.] True to its name, All Purple has dark purple flesh and skin. One of the hardiest Diane OG S ® 6 110 days. Heirloom sweet roots in our collection, a fast and strong grower potato with dark red skin and deep orange flesh. sure to give a generous harvest at season’s end. Tubers are often torpedo-shaped (slender, long). Roots are starchy, dry, slightly sweet, and store Diane is sometimes called a “yam-type” sweet well; good in savory dishes and mixed mashes. potato because it is a moist-fleshed variety. A O’Henry #74101 (live slips, see shipping & pricing heavy producer if given a long, warm season. info above) #74116 (live slips, see shipping & pricing enry ® 6 info above) O’H OG S 100 days. White-fleshed sweet potatoes were classically considered easier to grow than “Irish” potatoes in the Southeast. When you taste how sweet and creamy O’Henry is in mashed sweet potatoes, we think it will come to be your first choice. #74107 (live slips, see shipping & pricing info above left) Beauregard Ginseng

eauregard ® 6 B OG S 100 days. Visit any Ginseng OG S ® 6 120 days. While we can sweet potato farm and there’s a good chance only guess why this sweet potato was named they’re growing some Beauregard. Thousands of after the famous energy-boosting root, it may farmers rely on this reliable, high yielding vari- be due to the high beta carotene content of this ety. Crack-resistant roots and deep orange color sweet potato. But don’t just choose Ginseng for with dry flesh. Compared to other varieties even the vitamin A, it tastes great as well! Dry, semi- big roots will bake quickly. #74102 (live slips, sweet deep orange flesh, lobed leaves. #74106 see shipping & pricing info above) Hayman OG S ® 6 Bunch Porto Rico OG (White Haymon, S ® 6 110 days. A White Hamon) 100 great variety for folks days. Vining plants with Red Japanese with small gardens. cream-colored skin and Short compact vines white flesh that turns Red Japanese OG S ® 95 days. Deep red-purple produce roots with cop- slightly yellow when skin and deliciously sweet, smooth, dry white per-colored skins and cooked. Like O’Henry, flesh. New staff favorite at Southern Exposure light red flesh. Popular this variety is a great in 2017. The vigorous, disease-resistant vines for baking. #74109 substitute for “Irish produce abundantly and can do well in the (live slips, see shipping Potatoes,” but with a Hayman North as well as in the South. Popular at many & pricing info above) Bunch Porto Rico sweeter flavor. Produces California Asian food markets. #74117 (live large uniform roots. Traditional heirloom of slips, see shipping & pricing info above left) Eastern Shore Maryland. #74111 (live slips, see 84 Sweet Potatoes shipping & pricing info above left) www.SouthernExposure.com modified varieties. Some studies suggest that avoiding tolerate the absence of trace minerals – which can mean a Southern Exposure genetically modified pollen may require isolation distances less nutritious food product, with lower trace mineral con- up to four times greater than those required by natural tent. Seed Exchange pollen, so we have increased the isolation distances for Open-pollinated seeds offer less of a one-size-fits-all producing our seed. See our website for more information. approach than do hybrids. We recommend reading the Southern Exposure grew out of Dr. Jeff H. McCormack’s descriptions carefully to determine what variety best suits love of heirloom vegetables and the tradition of seed Heirloom And Family Heirloom Varieties Non-hybrid your needs. We are available if you need more informa- saving. What began in a family garden and kitchen in varieties introduced prior to 1940 are defined as heirloom tion. Many of our open-pollinated varieties have endured 1982 has expanded into a network of farms and gardens, a varieties. After 1940 hybrids began to displace these the test of time, some for several hundred years. modern germination testing facility, and environmentally traditional varieties, and many became scarce or lost. We We carry almost all open-pollinated seeds, which controlled seed storage. Our first catalog offered 65 define a special class of heirlooms as “family heirloom means you can save your own seeds and they will stay true varieties; now we feature over 800, with an emphasis on varieties.” These have been handed down within families to type. We only offer four select hybrid varieties: Granex heritage, flavor, disease resistance and other qualities of for generations. As far as we can tell, family heirlooms are onion, Tendergreen broccoli, and Bodacious and Silver interest to market and home gardeners. Although we unique and have not previously been in seed catalogs until Queen sweet corns. We think these varieties can be a specialize in seeds adapted to the Mid-Atlantic and their recent introduction. Some of these are old valuable supplement to the home or market gardener not Southeast, we have loyal customers throughout the U.S. commercial varieties that have been modified by concerned with saving their own seed. and Canada. environment, cross pollination, selection, and random We began carrying seed saving supplies in order to Since 1999, Southern Exposure has been cooperative- mutation. Determining the uniqueness of a variety is not make them available in the small quantities required for ly owned and operated by Acorn Community Farm, an easy and we would rather risk duplication than lose a small-scale Seed Savers. We particularly recommend egalitarian income-sharing community in rural Louisa valuable variety forever. To help in identification, Suzanne Ashworth’s book Seed to Seed for detailed seed County, Virginia. synonyms of variety names are indicated in parentheses saving instructions. after the most common name. The “Growing Guides and Library” section of our Our Mission website has specific information on how to save seed from We encourage cooperative self-reliance in agriculture. Seed Saving: Open-Pollination a variety of common crops. We promote and participate in seed saving and exchange, Conservation Of Genetic Resources We are concerned ecological agriculture, reducing energy use, providing locally about the erosion of our genetic resources and the trend Seed Preservation Programs adapted varieties, and regional food production. toward replacement of standard or open-pollinated Organic Seed Alliance The integrity of organic food To further these aims, Southern Exposure offers: varieties by F1 hybrids. Unless we have genetic diversity in starts with seed, yet unhealthy trends in the seed industry heirloom varieties to conserve and distribute rare and our food crops, our food supply is vulnerable to (consolidation, contamination by genetically modified endangered varieties; open-pollinated varieties to epidemics. This has been a repeated lesson of agricultural organisms and the erosion of farmers’ rights) threaten this encourage seed saving and exchange among gardeners; history. The Irish potato famine of the mid-1840s and the integrity. OSA confronts these threats while building disease- and insect-tolerant varieties to reduce pesticide U.S. corn blight epidemic of 1970 both show the dangers decentralized, regional, farmer-oriented seed production use; and varieties for local and small-scale growers to of lack of genetic diversity. In 1970, nearly 80% of the models. Learn more at www.SeedAlliance.org. 10% of encourage regional food production. U.S. corn crop was planted in hybrids containing a our sales at events this winter go to the Organic Seed genetic trait that made the crop vulnerable to blight. Our Alliance. See our event schedule on inside front cover. Our Seeds country came close to losing our entire hybrid corn crop, Untreated Seeds We do not sell chemically treated seeds. but all the open-pollinated varieties resisted the blight. Sustainable Mountain Agriculture Center provides To help give your seeds the proper start in life we provide We offer a diverse selection of open-pollinated training in identifying, collecting, and maintaining heirloom detailed cultural instructions in our catalog. We especially varieties. This helps to ensure a genetic reservoir of seeds and plants, and coordinates the activities of growers of urge you to pay close attention to recommended disease-resistant varieties, regionally adapted varieties, and heirloom fruits and vegetables. It maintains many heirloom germination temperatures and moisture requirements. varieties which are diverse in flavor, color, and culinary beans and tomatoes and offers some for sale. The center uses. What a shame it would be if we lost varieties such as facilitates a Kentucky heirloom seed exchange the first Germination Testing Our seed is germination tested to Country Gentleman corn or Brandywine tomato. We Saturday in October. www.heirlooms.org ensure it meets both federal and Southern Exposure would lose not only unique taste and quality, but also part standards. (Our standards are higher than federal of our agricultural and cultural heritage. United Plant Savers is a non-profit dedicated to replanting standards for some crops.) Please note that germination endangered medicinal plant species. The wild plant resources tests are often conducted under optimum conditions and Seed Saving Seed saving promotes self-reliance, conserves of the North American continent currently face serious that field results may vary. Test results are printed on the agricultural resources, saves money and connects us with depletion and possible extinction. UPS works to research, packet to help you determine planting density and our agricultural roots. By selecting seed from the plants educate, and protect plants and habitats. www.united- quantity needed. that do best for you, you are creating your own locally plantsavers.org On rare occasions we find it necessary to package adapted strains. You can learn to look for interesting Seed Shares™ seed below federal standard. In those cases we add more mutations and begin playing with breeding new varieties is Southern Exposure’s program to collect seed to compensate and the packet is labeled, “Below (we recommend Carol Deppe’s excellent book Breed Your seed of varieties that are not in general circulation, but have Standard: More Seed Added.” Own Vegetable Varieties). You can select for appearance, a special point of interest or usefulness. Email or call us if flavor, vigor, maturation time, stress resistance, keeping you have a variety that you would like to share! As best you Regional Variety Performance Our detailed variety quality, and tolerance to insects and disease. can, give the variety name, its county and state of origin, descriptions help you decide which seed is suited to your If you save seed from hybrids, the second and growth habit, hardiness, cultural requirements, how long region and your needs. Some varieties are best adapted to subsequent crops (the F2, F3, F4, etc., generations) will be you’ve grown it, by whom it was saved, and how it was specific soils, climate, or other cultural conditions. Others unlike the parent generation. There will be a tremendous used. Family stories are of special interest. If the seed is not are widely adapted and will generally perform well under amount of genetic variability. So saving seeds from hybrids in our seed bank, we will send mailing instructions and a many conditions. can be the first step toward stabilizing new open-pollinated gift certificate redeemable for items in our catalog. Our region, the Mid-Atlantic, is characterized by high varieties – you simply isolate and save seed from the Copyright & Trademark Notice summer heat, humidity, uneven precipitation and occasional interesting plants in the F2 generation and over the Entire contents of this publication copyright ©1982–2020 by high temperatures in the early spring and late fall. Soils are following years use selection to stabilize the new strain. Southern Exposure Seed Exchange. No reproduction without predominantly clay except in sandy coastal areas. This is easier done for some types of plants than express written permission. Southern Exposure Seed Exchange Our varieties perform well in regions sharing similar others. Out-crossing plants (like corn and broccoli) is a federally registered trademark. All trademarks noted in the characteristics to the Mid-Atlantic, including the Pacific require large isolation distances and you may need to save text are property of Southern Exposure Seed Exchange® Northwest. Many varieties will perform well in warmer seeds from a large number of plants each year in order to (SESE™) or of their makers. All rights reserved. and cooler regions if planting dates are adjusted prevent inbreeding depression (lack of genetic diversity). Art Credits Thanks to all who contributed to the content, art, accordingly. We also offer a number of varieties suited for However, mostly self-pollinating plants (like tomatoes, and layout of this catalog: Melissa Anderson, Ken Bezilla, early production and short season northern climates. For peppers, beans and peas) are easy for the home gardener Radish Bruce, Lauren Caprio, Lisa Dermer, Jessie Doyle, specific regional adaptability see our catalog descriptions to experiment with. Edmund Frost, Janel Healy, Richard Hinde, Arieayn Hohwald, and cultural notes. Hybrids may have an advantage in terms of yield and Irena Hollowell, Jon Hoover, Jac Langeveld, Marielle Mackin, Ingrid Martin, Joan Mazza, Jeff McCormack, Shakaya Nashoba, Maturity Dates uniformity, but these may only be advantages to commercial Maturity dates provide a guideline for Tina Olsen, Hildegard Ott, Debbie Piesen, Sarah Rice, Owen comparing relative maturation times of different varieties. farmers. To have all your tomatoes mature at once may be a disadvantage for a gardener who wants an extended harvest. Spangler, Gordon Sproule, Diana Tupelo & Ira Wallace. These dates represent the average dates for our location, Catalog Design: Lisa Dermer. Cover Illustration: Jessie Doyle our grower’s location, or the average of several locations. The “hybrid vigor” effect is strongest in outcrossing varieties Actual maturity dates depend on climate, soil, season, and has little impact in our beloved tomatoes. Many hybrids Unavailable for 2020 exposure, and local conditions. have been bred primarily for shipping quality – often at the Liana Asparagus Bean Painted Mountain Flour Corn Seed Saver Packets™ Heirloom and rare varieties are sometimes expense of flavor. Stickless Wonder Asparagus Bean Texas Gourdseed Corn sold in Seed Saver Packets™, our trademark used to indicate Hybrids are often bred for White Galaxy Asparagus Bean Virginia Gourdseed Corn varieties in need of preservation and distribution. Seed Saver the low-stress conditions, high Fowler Bush Snap Bean Arugula, Even’ Star Winter Greens Packets™ often contain fewer seeds than most commercial-size fertilizer levels, and intensive Calypso Drying Bean Prize Choi Pak Choi packets. They are intended for Seed Savers and gardeners who cultivation of modern Sulphur Drying Bean Morris Improved Heading Collards would like to experiment with heirloom and rare varieties. conventional agriculture. Red-Striped Greasy Pole Snap Bean Yellow Cabbage Collards Open-pollinated heirlooms, on PVP Varieties PVP designates protected varieties Louisiana Purple Pod Pole Snap Bean Hanover Kale regulated by the Plant Variety Protection Act which the other hand, are the tried and Henderson Lima Bean Fastigiata Pin Striped Peanuts prohibits unauthorized marketing. true survivors. They often Lutz Green Leaf Beet Orozco Hot Pepper perform better under adverse Nutri-Bud Broccoli Georgia Streak Tomato Genetically Modified Varieties (GMOs) We conditions, like drought and heat Mezzo Nano Brussels Sprouts Illinois Winter Squash 85 will not knowingly offer seed of genetically stress. Hybrids may better Texas Honey June Sweet Corn Arkansas Green Lint Cotton 85 4 Easy Ways to Order Spring & Fall Items Shipping Surcharge Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes, Ginseng & Goldenseal, Online www.SouthernExposure.com Garlic & Onion Bulbs!!! Our online store contains everything in our catalog and more! Browse our website or save time with our Seasonal items do not delay your order. Your order ships normally online Quick Order form. and the spring or fall items ship when they are ready. Phone (540) 894-9480 Garlic, Perennial Onions, Shallots, Perennial Leeks, Ginseng and Our phone hours are: Goldenseal ship in the fall, mid-September through early November. 9 am–5 pm, M–F, January 1–May 31, and Shipment is to northern areas first, moving south. We can only deliver these 11 am–3 pm, M–F, June 1–December 31 (EST). items within the 48 contiguous U.S. states. Please add $2 for any one fall- Please have your order and credit card ready. shipped item or $4 for any two or more items. Fax (540) 266-1021 Seed Potatoes ship in the spring directly from the farm in Maine where they Fax your order anytime 24/7. Please use the order form on page 87 or download one at are grown. Shipment is to southern areas first, starting in March, moving www.SouthernExposure.com north. We cannot ship potatoes early due to the danger of freezing damage in transit. Please add $2 for one potato item or $4 for any two or more Mail P.O. Box 460, Mineral, VA, 23117 potato items. Please use the order form on page 87. Sweet Potato Slips ship in the spring from our farm and offices in Virginia. Shipment is to southern areas first, starting in mid-May, moving north. Please add $2 for one sweet potato item or $4 for any two or more sweet potato items. Questions About Your Order? PRICES & QUANTITIES Prices are in effect Virginia Sales Tax until December 31, 2020 or until superseded E-mail us at by the next catalog. Seed is sold by weight; seed [email protected] There is a 5.3% state sales tax on counts per packet are approximate. We reserve (include “SESE” in the subject line) or orders shipped to Virginia addresses, the right to change prices and quantities without call us at (540) 894-9480. unless accompanied by a signed notice. exemption certificate. GUARANTEE We want you to be 100% Payment satisfied with your purchase. If your purchase We accept all major credit cards (Visa, Substitutions proves dissatisfactory we will replace the item MasterCard, Discover & American Some seed may be in short supply or or refund the purchase price according to your Express), personal checks & money orders. out of stock after our catalog goes to preference. Limitation of remedy and conditions Your credit card is charged the day your press. Let us know if substitutions of sale: Southern Exposure Seed Exchange (SESE) warrants only that our seeds and nursery stock are order is received, including back-ordered are not acceptable and we will not labeled in conformance with the Virginia Seed and seasonal items. supply similar substitutes. Law and the Federal Seed Act. We make no other or further warranties, expressed or implied. SESE Shipping & Handling Back-Orders disclaims any warranty of merchantability, fitness of purpose, or otherwise, of its products or the seed Back-orders are held for a maximum or crops grown from such seeds. SESE limits its Up to $10.00 $3.50 of 45 days, unless other arrangements remedy to the replacement of the dissatisfactory $10.01 - $30.00 $4.50 are made. We ship your order item or to the refund of the purchase price. $30.01 - $60.00 $5.50 and send the back-ordered items $60.01 - $120.00 $6.50 separately when they become RETURNS Prior authorization by SESE is over $120 add 5% to total available. required for return of hard goods. Claims for defects must be presented to SESE as soon as We ship all orders via the United States practicable within 30 days of discovery, and in any Postal Service. Orders usually ship within Foreign Orders event, no later than 60 days from date of shipment. 2–3 days. During our busy season please We do not ship orders If the item is not returned in saleable condition, SESE may assess a restocking fee based on the allow 4–6 days to ship. We notify you via internationally. We are no longer phone or email if a delay is anticipated. condition of the item. Claims for defects in seeds taking orders from Canada and or nursery stock must be presented within 30 days Shipping & Handling fees are non- Mexico. Research and seed-saving refundable. of discovery, and in any event, no later than 6 organizations may contact us for an months from date of shipment. exception. Priority Handling Service RESTRICTIONS ON SALE By placing and accepting an order the customer agrees to all terms For expedited processing, order online and conditions. We reserve the right to limit or or over the phone and request priority refuse sale in any locality, state, or country. handling. Order online at www.SouthernExposure.com for fastest service and largest selection. 86 P.O. Box 460, Mineral, VA, 23117 [email protected] Southern Exposure Seed Exchange Phone (540) 894-9480 Fax (540) 266-1021 www.SouthernExposure.com Billing Address Please print all information. If your address has changed, indicate your former zip code:

Date Member # Shipping Address (If Different from Billing Address) Name Nam e Address Address

City State Zip City State Zip Substitutions Daytime phone ( ) Check if you prefer not to receive substitutes for sold-out varieties E-mail Check if you prefer not to receive non-organic substitutes Payment Information Order Total $ Visa MasterCard Discover American Express Card Number Check # Card Expires Money Order # Name on Card (please print) Gift Certificate # Item # Item Name Size Price Each Quantity Line Total

Fill in all columns completely. More space is on the reverse side. Total This Side: Shipping Surcharges Total Reverse Side: + Shipping & Handling Onions Bulbs, Garlic, Order Subtotal Ginseng & Goldenseal: For Subtotals: $2 for 1 item, Up to $10.00 add $3.50 Virginia Residents Add 5.3% Sales Tax: + $4 for 2+ items $10.01 - $30.00 $4.50 (Shipped beginning Shipping & Handling (see left): + mid-September.) $30.01 - $60.00 $5.50 $60.01 - $120.00 $6.50 Seed Potato Surcharge (Shipped in Spring, see left): + Seed Potatoes: over $120 5% of total $2 for 1 item, $4 for 2+ Sweet Potato Slip Surcharge (Shipped in Spring, see left): + items (Shipped beginning March 1) Priority Handling Onion Bulbs & Garlic Surcharge (Shipped in Fall, see left): + Ginseng & Goldenseal Sweet Potato Slips: For expedited processing, order $2 for 1 item, $4 for 2+ online or over the phone and Subtract Credit/Gift Certificate (Enclose): - items (Shipped beginning request priority handling. mid-May) Order Online www.SouthernExposure.com Order Total: 87 Item # Item Name Size Price Each Quantity Line Total

Total This Side: Please let us know what you would like to see us offer in the future. Your comments and requests are always appreciated! Send a complimentary catalog to a friend:

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Southern Exposure Seed Exchange Order Online PO Box 460, Mineral, VA, 23117 Phone (540) 894-9480 [email protected] A Worker Owned Cooperative www.SouthernExposure.com Adjust these dates for your region! Recommended Planting Dates We consider the mid-Atlantic to be divided into 3 distinct We’ve found the dates below to be the best times to plant in the gardening regions: inland plains, coastal, and mountain. inland plains of the mid-Atlantic, based on our experience in Use these guidelnes to adjust dates for your region: central Virginia (Zone 7a. Average last spring frost April 15. Average first fall frost October 15). Adjust according to your own frost dates. Coastal Gardens: Mountain Gardens: Row cover (pg. 80), cold frames, or other Mild winters allow for You may need to delay plantings up to 2–4 weeks frost protection can allow for planting 1–2 planting spring crops in the late winter and early spring to allow the soil weeks earlier in the spring and 1–2 weeks up to 2–4 weeks earlier to warm up and dry out. Take advantage of long later for fall harvest in all regions. in late winter and early springs by planting cool-season spring crops up to spring. Continue to 2–4 weeks later. Discontinue fall plantings up to plant cool-season fall 2–4 weeks earlier to ensure adequate time before crops up to 2–4 weeks frosts. Hot-season crops should be planted early later in summer and fall. enough to ensure adequate heat and time for mat- uration, but be sure to allow the soil to adequately warm. Choose faster-maturing varieties for hot-season crops. Mid-Atlantic Inland Plains Planting Dates

sow indoors Feb 21–Mar 21, direct sow Mar 15–Apr 15, Jul Rutabaga direct sow Aug 1–Aug 21 Artichoke transplant out Apr 21–May 21 Endive 21–Sept 15 direct sow Mar 1–Apr 21, Sept Beans, Bush direct sow Apr 15–Aug 10 Garlic plant bulbs Oct 15–Nov 15 Spinach 1–Oct 1

Beans, Pole direct sow Apr 15–Jul 15 direct sow Mar 10–Apr 15, Jul Summer Kale 21–Sept 15 Squash direct sow Apr 21–Jul 21 Beans, Lima direct sow May 7–Jul 25 & Zucchini Kohlrabi direct sow Mar 10–Apr 15, Jul direct sow Mar 15–Jun 15, 15–Aug 21 Winter Beets Aug 15–Sept 15 Squash & direct sow May 1–Jun 10 Pumpkins Lettuce direct sow Mar 10–Jun 1, Aug direct sow Mar 10–Jul 1 7–Sept 21 Sunflowers direct sow Apr 15–Jul 7 Broccoli sow indoors Jan 31–May 31, Muskmelon direct sow May 1–Jun 15 transplant out Mar 15–Jul 15 Sweet transplant out May 15–Jun 21 direct sow Mar 10–May 1, Jul Potatoes direct sow May 1–Jun 1 Mustards Brussels 25–Oct 1 Sprouts sow indoors Apr 1–May 15, Swiss Chard direct sow Mar 15–Aug 1 transplant out May 15–Jun 15 Okra direct sow May 1–Jul 1 Tomatoes sow indoors Feb 21–May 7 direct sow Mar 10–Jul 15 Onions, sow indoors starting Feb 10 transplant out Apr 21–Jun 21 Cabbage sow indoors Jan 31–Jul 1, Green direct sow Mar 15–Aug 10 transplant out Mar 15–Aug 1 Turnips direct sow Mar 10–Apr 15, Aug sow in cold frame Nov 10– 7– Oct 1 Cabbage, direct sow Mar 10–Apr 7, Onions, Bulb Dec 1 (or indoors Chinese Jul 15–Aug 15 Jan 1–Jan 21), transplant out Watermelon direct sow May 1–Jun 10 Mar 1–Mar 21 direct sow Mar 10–May 1, Jul Carrots 25–Aug 15 Onion, Multiplier plant bulbs Oct 15–Nov 15 Alternative Greens & Dual Crops In addition to the greens listed here, the leaves Cauliflower sow indoors Jan 31–Mar 7 Parsnips direct sow Mar 1–May 1 of sweet potatoes, amaranth, hyacinth beans, (spring) transplant out Mar 15–Apr 7 asparagus beans, southern peas (cowpeas), and squash can be cooked and eaten. We recom- direct sow Mar 1–Apr 15, Cauliflower direct sow Jun 1–Jul 1 Peas mend using young leaves and shoot tips of (fall) Jul 15–Aug 1 squash and hyacinth bean plants. Amaranths vary in taste: we recommend Callaloo amaranth sow indoors Jan 21–Feb 15 Southern direct sow May 7–Jul 25 and Mayo Indian grain amaranth for greens. Celery & Peas Buckwheat (cover crop) leaves can be eaten Celeriac move to cold frame Mar 1–Mar 15, transplant out May 1–Jun 1 raw in salads. Many herbs work well in salads, sow indoors Mar 7–Apr 21 including roselle, salad burnet, anise-hyssop, Peppers transplant out May 7–Jun 21 sorrel, chives, cilantro, dill, borage, and basil. Collards direct sow Mar 10–Sept 1 Young pea shoots can be eaten as a salad green.

Corn direct sow Apr 21–Jul 15 Potatoes transplant out Mar 15–Apr 15, Jun 1–25 (mulch) Find more tips like these on our blog: Cucumbers direct sow May 1–Jul 21 www.SouthernExposure.com/blog direct sow Mar 10–Jun 1, Aug Radishes 1–Nov 1 sow indoors Mar 7–Apr 21 Eggplants transplant out May 7–Jun 21 Recommended Planting Dates 89 Mid-Summer Carrots Danvers, Oxheart Cold Season Gardening ∙ 12°F Quick Reference We sow our earliest fall broccoli Danvers 126 and cabbage in early June, by Cauliflower 32°F ∙ Leaves Carrots p. 12 handle as low as 15°F, but Cold hardiness varies with variety, the health of July 4th at the latest. We make a Early Wonder Tall the garden soil (the healthier the soil, the har- second, late sowing by mid-July, Top Beets p. 10 heads damage easily. dier the plants), wind chill, etc. Be aware of the adding cauliflower & Chinese Chinese Cabbage 25°F idiosyncracies of your garden – low areas collect cabbage. We do a large sowing Snowball cold air, south-facing slopes with good air of carrots late-July through Leeks American Flag 10°F Cauliflower p. 12 drainage stay warmest. Take notes, experiment, mid-August for fall and winter (probably lower) ∙ Don’t find (or breed!) the varieties right for you! harvest. Kohlrabi and rutabaga overwinter tender ‘Summer’ types Crop Recommended Varieties should be sown by early to mid- Onions, Green Cold Hardiness Advice Evergreen Hardy August. White, Deep Purple ∙ 25°F ∙ Purple Early Summer Beets Lutz Green Leaf, types have more color in Chioggia, Bulls Blood ∙ 20°F cold weather. Purple Vienna Start planting for fall and (roots), 16°F (leaves) ∙ Sow Kohlrabi p. 27 Kohlrabi Early winter with two of the before the soil warms or wait Catskill Brussels Purple Vienna, hardiest winter vegetables, until cool weather to try again, Goliath American Flag Sprouts p. 10 Broccoli p. 10 Gigant Winter ∙ Leek p. 27 but also the slowest to reach as beets don’t germinate well 20°F? We’re still maturity. We direct sow in hot soil. experimenting. parsnips by early May, when Broccoli 28°F ∙ Leaves the soil is still cool, and we Rutabagas American sow Brussels sprouts by mid- can handle to 15°F, but Purple Top Yellow ∙ 20°F June. Brussels Sprouts Catskill heads are more tender. (roots), 16°F (leaves) ∙ 20-25°F Parsnips Harris Cabbage 20–25°F ∙ If Red Acre Dill Fernleaf ∙ 25°F Model, Hollow Crown, Turga damaged by frost, harvest Cabbage p. 11 ∙ 0°F Salsify Sandwich Island Turga Parsnips p. 33 and peel off damaged Rutabaga p. 57 Mammoth ∙ 0°F layers before storing.

Late Summer to Early Fall Mustards Red Giant, Southern Mid- to Late Fall For fall & winter salads, start weekly sowings of Curled ∙ 25°F ∙ Bolt in Jan./Feb. as Wait until mid-Fall to plant garlic & lettuce. In late summer, sow greens more thickly to days lengthen. Tat Soi ∙ Succession perennial onion bulbs (including shallots). survive insect damage. Add cilantro and parsley plantings 1–2 weeks apart. Good Don’t despair if you still haven’t planted in early fall. Radishes and turnips can be sown mustard to overwinter ∙ hardy, close Tatsoi winter greens we’ve had success sowing earlier, but we prefer to wait for cooler temperatures to the ground, & easy to cover, p. 26 greens in early November in a makeshift in early fall. Wait for the soil temperature to cool but will bolt in Jan./Feb. as days cold frame. Our fastest growing fall-sown before direct sowing spinach (when galinsoga weeds lengthen. Even’ Star Tender Tat, New greens are arugula, cress, Tatsoi, and kale. bloom). Star Mustard, Chinese Thick–Stem Lettuce seedlings can be transplanted Lettuce Red Salad Mustard ∙ Even’ Star winter–hardy under row cover in early November. Bowl, Bronze Arrow, varieties ∙ 6–12°F We’ve even harvested a last round Winter Density, Radishes Cherry Belle ∙ 20°F of radishes from a November Rouge d’Hiver, Red (roots), 16°F (leaves) Daikon sowing. Sails ∙ 25°F (large Radishes, Fall Radishes ∙ Misato last minute sowings: Arugu- leaves), 15°F and Rose, Black Spanish Round, la, Cress, Tatsoi, baby Kale, lower (small leaves) Miyashige White Daikon ∙ 20°F Radishes ∙ Red lettuces are more (roots), 16°F (leaves) attractive for fall planting, Miyashige White Arugula Even’ Star Winter Winter Density Radicchio 25°F and lower as cold temperatures Lettuce p. 29 ∙ Daikon Radish p. 43 Arugula (6°F) ∙ 22°F ∙ Will bolt in intensify red colors, while Swiss Chard ∙ 25°F? (Variable) Jan./Feb. as days lengthen. Arugula p. 22 green lettuces look yellow and sickly. Lettuce ∙ Smaller–leaved varieties are the Cress Belle Isle Plant by mid- may have difficulty germinating in hot Purple Top White most cold–hardy. fall, (slow germinating). soil. Large Lettuce Large heads don’t handle Globe Turnips p. 58 very cold weather well. They usually rot Turnips Purple Top White Globe, Garlic ∙ 5°F if not too Belle Isle Cress p. 24 and decline by mid–Dec. Small Lettuce Seven Top (greens) ∙ 20°F (roots), much topgrowth ∙ to Overwinter Plants should have 4–10 16°F (leaves) ∙ Ice-Bred White Egg Frost-burned plants leaves before winter. Growth ∙ 6°F will survive, but won’t slows with onset of cold, then Cilantro 15°F ∙ Plant earlier produce as large a resumes, with plants reaching for fall harvests, later for bulb. Plant later to maturity in Feb./March. Hardneck overwintering crops. Younger/ avoid frost damage. Garlic p. 20 Endive, Escarole 25°F and smaller plants overwinter best. May Perennial Onions lower ∙ Similar to lettuce. have problems germinating in hot soil. (Shallots) Yellow Moss Curled Potato Onions ∙ Collards 12°F ∙ Young Parsley Flat Flat Leaf Italian ∙ 20°F ∙ Parsley p. 26 Champion 0°F ∙ Withstand collards are shorter and Collards p. 23 Best for flavor and drying, but less hardy. French Red easier to cover, so start a Curly Moss Curled ∙ 15°F ∙ Prettier & colder temperatures Shallot p. 35 fall crop! hardier. so long as they are mulched and deeply Kale Red Russian ∙ Spinach Abundant Bloomsdale, planted. 15°F ∙ Vates, Siberian, Long-Standing Bloomsdale, Winter Bloomsdale 10°F (large leaves), Radishes Cherry Belle ∙ Cherry Belle Lacinato Rainbow, ∙ Radish p. 43 Lacinato ∙ 12°F ∙ Even’ 5°F (small leaves) ∙ Wait until cool Choose quick-growing Star Smooth Kale ∙ 6°F weather to seed as spinach seed doesn’t spring-type radishes for Winter Bloomsdale late plantings. Red Russian germinate/survive well in hot soil. Spinach p. 26 Kale p. 25 90 ommon eth See rowers Index Farmer Direct Seeds from Virginia www.ommonethSees.com Ordering Information 86 Order Form 87–88 Planting Dates 89 Fall & Winter Garden Guide 90 Books & DVDs 77–80 Supplies 80–81 Mixes & Sampler Packs 82 Amaranth (Flower) 66 Legume Inoculant 81 e spece n reserch eeopment n see proucton o own mew Amaranth (Grain) 74 Lettuce 27–29 resstnt cucurt retes. See ucumer p. South nn utternut Amaranth (Greens) 23 Lima Beans 8–9 p. n hou heh e termeon p. n ths cto. Artichokes 5 Millet 74 Arugula 22 Mushrooms 30 DMR 401 produced substantially more marketable fruit than the other varieties, whose yield and fruit quality were severely impacted by downy mildew. Asparagus Beans 8 Muskmelons 30–31 rret crth nt thoost orne nerst. Austr. Winter Peas 75 Mustard Greens 25–26 rom Euton o ucumer retes esstnt to own ew . Beans 5–9 Oats 75 Beets 9–10 Okra 32–33 Black-eyed Peas 36–38 Onions 34–35 Broccoli 10 Orach 23 Broccoli Raab 10 Parsley 26 Broomcorn 76-77 Parsnips 33 Brussels Sprouts 10 Peanuts 38–39 lle ele ler o ole ese ore Cabbage 11 Peas 36–38 Cantaloupe 30–31 Peppers 39–43 Carrots 12 Popcorn 17 Cauliflower 12 Potatoes 83 Celeriac 11 Pumpkins 47 Celery 11 Radicchio 22

srls ee sw o ese Chard 26–27 Radishes 43, 75 Chicory 22 Rhubarb 44 wwwreelso Chinese Cabbage 22–23 Rice 75 Since 1983, we have been o ering gardeners & herbalists a Clover 74 Runner Beans 9 thoughtfully curated selection of seeds, roots, supplies, & books. Collards 23–24 Rutabagas 57 We only o er untreated, open pollinated seed & roots. Corn 13–17 Rye 76 e worerowe sees roos Cotton 67–68 Salsify 44 Cover Crops 74–77 wool els rol ese ee Sesame 76 Cowpeas 36–38 Shallots 35 Cress 24 Sorghum 76–77 Cucumbers 17–18 Southern Peas 36–38 Edamame 8 Soybeans 8 Eggplants 19 Spinach 26 Endive 24 Squash 44–47 Fava Beans 8 Summer Spinach 23 Field Corn 14–17 Summer Squash 44–45 Flowers 66–73 Sunflowers 72–73 Garden Huckleberry 57 Sunn Hemp 75 Garlic 20–21 Swedes 57 Ginseng 64 Sweet Corn 13–14 Goldenseal 64 Sweet Potatoes 84 Gourds 22 Swiss Chard 26–27 Gourdseed Corn 16 Tomatillos 57 Grains 74–77 Tomatoes 48–57 Greens 22–27 Turnips 58 Ground Cherries 56 Vetch 75 Herbs 60–65 Watermelon 58–59 Husk Tomatoes 56–57 Wheat 73, 75 Jewels of Opar 23 Winter Squash 45–47 Kale 25 Wonderberry 57 Kohlrabi 27 Zucchini 44–45 Leeks 27 91 Southern Exposure Seed Exchange PRST STD P.O. Box 460, Mineral, VA, 23117 U.S. Postage PAID Permit #6 Louisa, VA 23093

German Red Red Torch Tithonia Strawberry p. 49 Druzba p. 49 Alabama Blue p. 71: easy-to-grow Red Japanese Sweet Collards p. 23: tender, butterfly-attracter Potato p. 84: red-purple colorful leaves skin and sweet white flesh Heirloom Tomatoes Customer Favorites The late Dr. Carolyn Male introduced these favorites to us many years ago. Read more about Carolyn on p. 1.

Eva Purple Ball p. 53 OTV Brandywine p. 50 Danvers 126 Carrot Schronce’s Deep Black Yellow Potato Onions p. 12: reliable even in p. 39: large, tasty, p. 35: a perennial heirloom “That’s what tomatoes are all about—drippy, delicious, heavy soils strikingly black peanuts for annual re-planting mouthwatering taste. Growing heirlooms can easily become an obsession, but a healthy one. It happened to me many New Varieties years ago—don’t be surprised if it happens to you.” Carolyn Male, 100 Heirloom Tomatoes for the American Garden

Poamoho Dark Long St. Kitts & Nevis p. 64: p. 19: tender new Jaloro Hot Pepper p. 43: Cateto Sulino Flint Corn p. 14: Larger, more Shop our colorful yellow jalapeño, heavy bright-orange South American variety productive roselle for Hawaiian early yields on compact plants adapted for northern growing the Deep South mobile-friendly eggplant online store! New Greens

www.SouthernExposure.com [email protected] White Russian Kale Phone: (540) 894-9480 Yukina Savoy Callaloo Amaranth Edible African p. 25: larger and p. 26: mild, heat Greens p. 23: alternative Celosia p. 23: excellent more cold hardy Fax: (540) 266-1021 tolerant mustard greens for hot weather hot weather greens than Red Russian 100% recycled paper. greens