cisc3660 history of computer/video games game programming fall 2012 lecture # I.2 “video” game game played on a computer device with a video screen • ⇒ history of computer/video games earliest video games date back to 1950’s • historically, video games have moved from technology labs to arcades to offices and homes • to mobile devices

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pre 1900’s pre 1970’s

Nintendo was established in 1889 as “Marufuku Company”, a playing card company earliest video games were designed and built in technology labs • • they manufactured “flower cards” 1952 : Tic-Tac-Toe, programmed on an EDSAC vacuum tube computer • • 1958 : Tennis for Two, programmed on an oscilloscope connected to a computer •

cisc3660-fall2012-sklar-lecI.2 3 cisc3660-fall2012-sklar-lecI.2 4 1961 : SpaceWar, dueling spaceships programmed on a PDP-1 computer, using vector • graphics Spacewar:

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1970’s other 1972 games: • – Magnavox “Odyssey”, another console game

the next phase in video game history, games were built for stand-alone arcade consoles • 1972 : Pong, programmed by Atari •

– “Adventure: The Colossal Cave”, a text-based adventure game 1976 : Breakout •

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– Atari 2600 – Atari 400

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1979 • 1980’s – Lunar Lander

in the 80’s, games were still being made for arcade consoles, but were also being made for • early home consoles and early home computers 1980 • – Pac-Man

– Asteroids

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1982 1983 • • – Tron – video game industry crash, some high-profile failures because there were many third-party companies producing cheap games; some big companies couldn’t compete, many small companies went under – IBM PC

– Commodore 62

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– Mario Bros – Tetris invented in the USSR

1986 – Commodore Amiga • – Master System (but, eventually, unable to compete with Nintendo)

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– Sega Genesis — established Sega as a Nintendo rival (but short-lived)

1988 : Tetris brought to the USA •

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1990’s – Nintendo Super NES

rise of 3D graphics in games • arcade games started to decline • 1990-91 • – Nintendo’s Super Mario Bros 3 was a huge commercial success – Sega’s Sonic the Hedgehog

– other companies tried to join the “console wars”, but could not gain a foothold in the market

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– Doom

set off discussion of government ratings of video games ∗ ESRB formed a year later ∗

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1994-95 – Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) • – Playstation — originally meant to be an accessory for the Nintendo NES (CD drive), but Nintendo cancelled the contract, so Sony created a complete console device

– — really never made it big

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1999 • – Sega Dreamcast — failed to make it big, so future of Sega went with software (game) development

– Quake

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2001 2000’s • – Microsoft’s entry into the game console market with the XBOX, including “XBox Live” subscription service to support on-line gaming the 2000’s saw the rise of on-line games • also MMORPG’s (Massively Multiplayer On-line Role-Playing Games) • 2000 : Halo •

– Nintendo Gamecube

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– Sony PSP (Playstation Portable) — entry into the handheld game market 2005 • – Microsoft XBox 360

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2006 2008 • • – Nintendo – Android — first phone released in 2008, leading phone O/S by 2010

– Sony PS3

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– Microsoft Kinect

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