Research and Evaluation Study
i Research and Evaluation Study
ii Research and Evaluation Study
Acknowledgement
We are grateful to the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Ministry of Personnel and Public Grievances, Government of India for bestowing faith in IIDM for conducting “Research and Evaluation Study on Select Good Governance Initiatives”. We are highly grateful to Shri C. Viswanath, Secretary, Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Government of India, Ms. Usha Sharma, Additional Secretary, Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Ms. Smita Kumar, Joint Secretary, Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Ms. Alpana Shukla Rao, Director and team, Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Government of India for extending their continuous guidance, relentless support and co-operation without which the completion of the study would not have been possible.
Our thanks are due to the champions of the initiatives and their representatives who contributed purpose at Delhi. in finalizing our research methodology and tool design during the workshop organised for this
Departments of sampled states who facilitated the collection of relevant data for ascertaining We are very thankful to all those officers of different Ministries of Government of India and the best fit for replication of these initiatives in other states. partWe areof this thankful study. to all state officials, Champions, Municipal Councillors, representatives of NGOs and citizens as beneficiaries and users of these initiatives with whom we interacted as At last we place on record our special thanks to all the members of our team namely Dr K A Mishra, Dr. Tripta Bhasin, Ms Seema Rajpoot, Mr Bimal Jha, Mr Jayant Bhaskar who worked relentlessly under the guidance of our Principal Consultant Governance, Dr. Dinesh Goyal (Former Additional Chief Secretary, GoR) and other members of data collection teams at all the sampled districts, state HQs and Ministries of Government of India.
Dr S K Trivedi, PhD Executive Director, IIDM
i Research and Evaluation Study
ii Research and Evaluation Study
Contents
Introduction...... 1
Projects under study...... 2
Research Methodology adopted...... 2
Instruments designed for collection of data...... 3
Focus of Evaluation...... 3
Best Fit for Replication...... 3
...... 6
ClassificationBrief Description of Initiatives of Each Initiative as per Geographical...... Coverage 6 Steps for Replication...... 9
1.0 Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory Project (CROPSAP) for Pest Management on Major Crops in Maharashtra...... 10
2.0 Kaushalya Vardhan Kendra, Gujarat...... 17
3.0 LADO Campaign - An Initiative for Eradicating Child Marriages in Madhya Pradesh...... 24
4.0 SAKALA- ‘No More Delays- We Deliver on Time’ (Karnataka)...... 31
Delivery System (Punjab)...... 39 5.0 Rationalization of Affidavits for Reforming Public Service 6.0 Save the Girl Child to Prevent Foeticide-Perambalur District, Tamil Nadu...... 47
7.0 Eraviperoor Gram Panchayat-Success Story of Local Self Governance, District Pathanamthitta (Kerala)...... 54
8.0 Achieving ‘Total Financial Inclusion’ in West Tripura District through e-ROR (e-Record of Ordinary Residence) and Common Service Centres piloted at Mandwi block...... 61
9.0 Revival of Sasur Khaderi-2 Rivulet and its Origin Thithora Lake in District Fatehpur, U.P...... 69
10.0 Saving Open Spaces and Urban Lakes (SOUL) and Cultural Rejuvenation of Twin City of Hubli-Dharwad, Karnataka ...... 76
11.0 Skill Development Programme to Impart Vocational Training to Tribal Youth of Gadchiroli, Maharashtra...... 84
12.0 “Emotional Drive Campaign”, Valsad and Vapi, Gujarat...... 93
Abbreviations...... 101
Note : The detailed report is uploaded on DARPG website : darpg.gov.in iii Research and Evaluation Study
iv Research and Evaluation Study
Introduction
the performance and accomplishments of terms of impact, utility, user satisfaction, civilThe Governmentservices– individuals, of India has beenteams recognizing and the • scalability,Findings highlight sustainability the present and replicability position in etc. worthyIntroduction of replication. The awards have been initiatedorganization, in 2005-2006 that are trulyand every exceptional year since and then the Prime Minister is giving away these awards.The Govern Overment a ofperiod India hasof timebeen recognizingmany such • Strengths Findings and highlight weaknesses the presen t areposition also in the performance and accomplishments of civil identified.terms of impact, utility, user satisfaction, differentservices– sectorsindividuals, of governance. teams and the an improvedscalability, modelsustainability taking other bestand excellentorganization, initiatives that are have truly been exceptional identified and in • practicesAn attemptreplicability in the has etc.area. been made to evolve worthy of replication. The awards have been Strengths and weaknesses are also The DARPG has commissioned a research and initiated in 2005-2006 and every year since then identified. evaluation study on 12 selected initiatives the P.M. is giving away these awards. Over a initiative An attempt has been has beengiven made with to suggested evolve an throughperiod of IIDM.time manyThese such 12 excellentgood governance initiatives improved model taking other best • guidelinesWay forward for stepwise for replication implementation. of each initiativeshave been coveridentified a wide in differentrange ofsectors areas ofin practices in the area. governance. governance such as Pest Control, Save Girl The report Way is forwardexpected for to replicationbe an invaluable of each initiative has been given with suggested Child,The DARPG Kaushalya has commissioned Vardhan Kendra, a research Saving and source bookguidelines on 12 for successful stepwise implementation. initiatives for Openevaluation Space study and onLakes, 12 selectedChild Marriages,initiatives those who are interested in new insights in through IIDM. These 12 good governance theThe process report ofis expectedimplementing to be an good invaluable governance source initiatives cover a wide range of areas in geographical coverage of entire country. initiative.book on It12 is successful hoped that initiatives the report for thosewill help who Rationalizationgovernance such as of Pest Affidavits control, Save etc. girl child, with are interested in new insights in the process of Kaushalya Vardhan Kendra, Saving open space replication of the initiatives. The details can In this report each initiative has been discussed implementing good governance initiative. It is and lakes, Child marriages, Rationalization of furtherhoped be tha referredt the report in e-bookwill help at replication DARPG site. of the affidavits etc. with geographical coverage of initiatives. The details can further be referred in interviewsentire country. with champions, service providers Researche-book at and DARPG evaluation site. studies have been andin depth stakeholders. and findings are given based on the conducted covering these initiatives with the In this report each initiative has been discussed followingResearch objectives: and evaluation studies have been in depth and findings are given based on the conducted covering these initiatives with the interviews with champions, service providers following objectives: and stakeholders.
To understand the impact, utility, user satisfaction, sustainability, scalability and replicability of the good governance initiatives
To identify similar initiatives undertaken on similar problem areas and compare their outcomes to find out ‘best in class’, ‘best in fit’ initiative for replication.
To develop a model practice improving upon initiatives by incorporating the technological advancement, changed requirement of people etc.
To disseminate results of the studies in the form of good governance documentation.
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Projects under study: Research and Evaluation Study
S.No. Name of the Initiative 1. Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory Project (CROPSAP) for Pest Management on Major ProjectsCrops under in Maharashtra study: 2. Kaushalya Vardhan Kendra, Gujarat S.No Name of the Initiative 3. LADO, An Innovative Initiative for eradicating Child Marriages in M.P. 1. Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory Project (CROPSAP) for Pest Management on Major Crops in 4. SAKALA-Maharashtra ‘No More Delays- We Deliver on Time’ (Karnataka) 2. Kaushalya Vardhan Kendra, Gujarat 5. 3. LADO, An Innovative Initiative for eradicating Child Marriages in M.P. 6. Save the Girl child to Prevent Foeticide- Perambalur District, Tamilnadu 4. Rationalization SAKALA- ‘No More of AffidavitsDelays- We for Deliver reforming on Time Public’ (Karnataka) Service Delivery System (Punjab) 7. Eraviperoor Gram Panchayat-Success Story of Local Self Governance, District 5. Rationalization of Affidavits for reforming Public Service Delivery System (Punjab) Pathanamthitta (Kerala) 6. Save the Girl child to Prevent Foeticide- Perambalur District, Tamilnadu 8.7. Achieving Eraviperoor ‘Total Gram Financial Panchayat Inclusion’-Success Storyin West of Lo Tripuracal Self DistrictGovernance, through District e-ROR Pathanamthitta (e-Record of(Kerala) Ordinary Residence) and Common Service Centres piloted at Mandwi block. 9.8. Revival Achieving of Sasur‘Total Khaderi-2Financial Inclusion’ Rivulet and in itsWest Origin Tripura Thithora District Lake through in Distt. e-ROR Fatehpur, (e-Record U.P. of Ordinary Residence) and Common Service Centres piloted at Mandwi block. 10. Saving Open Spaces and Urban Lakes (SOUL) and Cultural rejuvenation of twin city of 9. Revival of Sasur Khaderi-2 Rivulet and its Origin Thithora Lake in Distt. Fatehpur, U.P. Hubli-Dharwad, Karnataka. 10. Saving Open Spaces and Urban Lakes (SOUL) and Cultural rejuvenation of twin city of Hubli- 11. SkillDharwad, Development Karnataka. Programme to Impart Vocational Training to tribal youth of Gadchiroli, Maharashtra 11. Skill Development Programme to Impart Vocational Training to tribal youth of Gadchiroli, 12. “EmotionalMaharashtra Drive Campaign”, Valsad and Vapi, Gujarat 12. “Emotional Drive Campaign”, Valsad and Vapi, Gujarat
Research Methodology adopted: Research Methodology adopted:
I. Desk Research and Study of Secondary Researches
II. Design and development of Data Gathering Tools, Procedure and Systems Study Tools
III. Analysis of Data and Processes
IV. Collection of Data and Process Documentation
V. Documenting Processes and Implementation Manuals
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Research and Evaluation Study Instruments designed for collection of data: Instruments designed for collection of data:
Instruments designed for collection of data: Beneficiary Schedule ☼ •Beneficiary Schedule ☼ Service Provider Schedule ☼ • •ServiceChampion Provider schedule Schedule / check list ☼ Focused group discussion-guidelines. ☼ ••Champion schedule / check list •ChecklistsFocused group for Secondary discussion Data-guidelines. and Comparative Study ☼ ☼ • • •Checklists for Secondary Data and Comparative Study ☼ Focus• of Evaluation: Focus of Evaluation:
FocusFor replicability of Evaluation assessment of: each project following six factors were considered. For replicability assessment of each project following six factors were considered. For replicability assessment of each project following six factors were considered.
User Impact Utility Sustainability Scalability Replicability Satisfaction User Impact Utility Sustainability Scalability Replicability Satisfaction
Best Fit for Replication:
BestBestFor comparative FitFit forfor Replication:analysis Replication: and suggesting best fit personnel of different ministries and data were for replication similar initiatives and collected. Secondary data were also collected Forgovernment comparative schemes analysis were and identified suggesting at best GoI fit & personnelfrom them of. different ministries and data were For comparative analysis and suggesting with the personnel of different ministries and forstate level.replication The discussions similar wereinitiatives held with and the collected. Secondary data were also collected government schemes were identified at GoI & datafrom were them collected.. Secondary data were also stateS No level. The Initiativediscussions were heldComparison with the with collectedComparison from withthem. State Suggested Best Fit andbest statefit for level.replication The discussions similar initiativesCentral were Schemes heldand Schemes governmentS No schemesInitiative were identifiedComparison at GoI with Comparison with State Suggested Best Fit 1 Crop Pest Surveillance DataCentral collected Schemes MoA Data Schemesat Anand CROPSAP, S.No. Initiativeand Advisory Project Comparisonand C GOI with ComparisonAgricultural withUniversity State MaharashtraSuggested Best 1 Crop(CROPSAP) Pest Surveillance for Pest CentralData collected Schemes MoA SchemesDatafor E-Krishiat KiranAnand of CROPSAP,Fit andManagement Advisory on Project major and C GOI AgriculturalGujarat and FromUniversity Agr. Maharashtra 1 Crop(CROPSAP)crops Pest in Maharashtra for Pest Data collected DataforDirectorate atE- KrishiAnand Kiran of CROPSAP, SurveillanceManagement andon major MoA and C GOI AgriculturalGujarat and UniversityFrom Agr. Maharashtra 2 AdvisorycKaushalyarops in Maharashtra Project Vardhan MoSD&A, GOI and forDirectorateSkill E-Krishi KiranDevelopment Kaushalya Vardhan (CROPSAP) Kendra, Gujarat for DDU-KVK at Delhi ofProgramme Gujarat and of Vocational Kendra, Gujarat 2 Kaushalya Vardhan MoSD&A, GOI and Skill Development Kaushalya Vardhan Pest Management MoTA fromTraining Directorate to Tribal of Youth, Kendra, Gujarat DDUMoRD-KVK at Delhi ProgrammeGadchiroli(Maharashtra) of Vocational Kendra, Gujarat on major crops in MoTA AgricultureTraining to Tribal Youth, Maharashtra MoRD Gadchiroli(Maharashtra) Page 6
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S.No. Initiative Comparison with Comparison with State Suggested Best Central Schemes Schemes Fit 2 Kaushalya Vardhan MoSD&A, GOI Skill Development Kaushalya Kendra, Gujarat and DDU-KVK at Programme of Vardhan Kendra, Delhi MoTA Vocational Training Gujarat MoRD to Tribal Youth, Gadchiroli(Maharashtra) Data collected from Department of Technical education GOMP
3 LADO Campaign, An MoF, GOI Data collected at LADO, innovative initiative MoH&FW and MoWCD Madhya Pradesh for eradicating Child M o School- Marriages) in Madhya Education and Literacy Pradesh
4 SAKALA – No More Ministry of Data collected at SAKALA, Delays – We deliver Communication Department of Karnataka on Time (Karnataka) and IT (DEITY) Administrative Reforms, e-District Project ABV School of Good Governance MP Bhopal
5 Ministry of Govt of MP Law and justice reformingRationalization Public Judicial Academy PunjabRationalization Serviceof Affidavits Delivery for Bhopal of Affidavits, System (Punjab)
6 Save the Girl Child – Data collected at Data collected from Save the Girl to prevent foeticide, MoH and FW and Department of Health Child, Tamil Perambulur District, MoWCD and FW, GoG, Dept. of Nadu, Beti TN WCD, GOG Bachao and Beti Badhao, Gujarat
7 Eraviperoor Grama Data collected at Data collected at Mann Gram Panchayat - Success MoPRD, GOI, Department of Panchayat, Pune Story of Local Self Mo Science and Panchayat, GoMP (Dy and Eraviperoor, Governance, District Technology Director at Bhopal) Kerala – Pathanamthitta MoH and FW, Mann Gram Panchayat (Kerala) Mo Rural district Pune, Development Maharashtra
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S.No. Initiative Comparison with Comparison with State Suggested Best Central Schemes Schemes Fit 8 Achieving Total MoF, GOI Gujarat for Financial PM Jan Financial Inclusion Inclusion in Tribal DhanYojna in West Tripura District Sabarkantha District through – PM Jan DhanYojna eROR (e-Record of Ordinary Residence) and Common Service Centres piloted at Mandwi block. 9 Revival of Sasur MoWRD, GOI Saving Open Spaces and Saving Open Khaderi-2 Rivulet and MoEF, GOI Urban Lakes (SOUL) and Spaces and its OriginThithora MoLand Cultural Rejuvenation Urban Lakes Lake in Distt. Resources of twin city of Hubli- (SOUL) and Fatehpur, UP Mo Panchyati Raj Dharwad, Karnataka Cultural rejuvenation of twin city of Hubli-Dharwad, Karnataka 10 Saving Open Spaces MoWRD, GOI Revival of Sasur Saving Open and Urban Lakes MoEF, GOI Khaderi-2 Rivulet and its Spaces and (SOUL) and Cultural MoLand Origin Thithora Lake in Urban Lakes Rejuvenation of Resources Distt. Fatehpur, UP (SOUL) and twin city of Hubli- Mo Culture cultural Dharwad, Karnataka rejuvenation of twin city of Hubli-Dharwad, Karnataka 11 Skill Development MoSD&A, GOI Study of Skill Kaushalya Programme and DDU-KVK at Development at Vardhan Kendra, of Vocational Delhi KVK Gujarat and Gujarat Training to Tribal MoTA Data collected from Youth, Gadchiroli MoRD Department of Technical (Maharashtra) Education GOMP 12 Emotional Drive Data collected Data collected from Distribution of Campaign (Tribal from MoTA, GOI Department of Tribal Land Rights to Development MoE&F Development, GoMP& Tribals in MP Department) – Valsad Department of Forest, under FRA 2007 and Vapi, Gujarat GoMP
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Classification of Initiatives as per Geographical Coverage:
NOT TO SCALE Brief Description of Each Initiative:
1. The “CROPSAP” is a crop pest surveillance Kendra initiative by the Directorate and advisory project in Maharashra. This of Employment and Training, for innovation was on giving advisories to Government of Gujarat more than 4.37 farmers for a applying pests based on Lakh people have obtained training. surveillance data. In case of CROPSAP, Proportion of women participants Maharashtra it is seen that since the increased to 58.6% of SC to 42240, of inception of the project there was no STs to 154548 of OBCs to 183086 and outbreak of any major pests on selected differently abled to 1618 over a period crops, number of farmers enrolled for of 2 years. The KVK has given impetus SMS service had doubled, advisories to a new form of training culture among issued had increased by 4.63 times, the rural folk specially women. This SMS sent increased by 11.30 times and shift towards use of bio-pesticides skill development program in Gadchiroli, increased by 1.57 times. Field response Maharashtrainitiative was comparedon different for bestparameters fit with of the farmers in our study was on the and KVK was considered a better model similar lines. This project was evaluated/ for replication in the interested states compared against e-Krishi Kiran of Gujarat on different parameters and 3. The initiative of Lado Abhiyan in M.P. is CROPSAP was found to be a better model with local modifications. aimed at eliminating child marriages for replication in other states with local from the state of M.P. through awareness creation and prohibition through police 2. modifications.This innovation was based on concept of and law intervention. The programme bringing training centre (a mini ITI) to the place of trainees-with trades of their choices. In case of Kaushalya Vardhan members,had four componentsPromotional vizcampaign community and sensitization, Training of core group
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prevention of child marriage. Programme public service delivery covering the has impacted by way of formation of entire state of Punjab. The initiative has resulted in the improvement 16 Lakh people, covering 12439 schools in delivery time of services, better whereover 40,000 reduction core group,in the sensitizationchild marriage of functions to the level of 681, evolution of 40,000 core groups with enhanced procedures,beneficiary’s service feedback, have improvement been selected in knowledge about child rights act and measurable indicators and simplified enhanced enrolments and retention of declaration which resulted in reduced children in schools. The initiative was where affidavits can be replaced by self The initiative was compared with the of Rajasthan state. There was not much GoItime, scheme efforts with and costcommon to the objectives citizens. ofcompared difference for bestbetween fit with two success models story on and being implemented by different different parameters. However M.P. Model can be replicated by the states that the initiatives of DARPG, Ministry of Personalstates for Public best fitGrievance and it was and observed Pension GoI is already being implemented by 4. The initiative of Karnataka Government with local modifications. many states and appears to be a suitable SAKALA- ‘No More Delays-We Deliver model for replication. on Time’ was for the enactment and implementation of Karnataka Guarantee 6. The Tamilnadu Initiative on Save the Girl of Service Act 2011 (Now called Child aimed to prevent foeticide taken up Karnataka SAKALA Services Act). The at Perambalur District aimed at saving act comprised375 services in its ambit the girl child. To meet this objective early applicable to entire state of Karnataka Antenatal care registration, audit of all covering over 33 departments and second trimester abortions and audit of sub-departments. Over 3.19 Crore all male births to ascertain whether they had done sex determination, mapping a near 98% on time delivery in a span of health sub centre wise sex ratio, ofcitizen 15 months. have availed The thehighlights services of withthe regular follow up of all pregnant women, initiative include proactive engagement Multipronged and Multi-departmental approach to create awareness was employees, performance agreements, followed. The average sex ratio at birth upgradingof citizens, capacity ownership and by infrastructure, Government increased to 1016 by March 2013 which Transforming work cultures using was 861 in March 2012. The second Management by Objectives (MBO) and trimester abortion cases were reduced multipronged communication strategy. and MMP also reduced by 52%. The initiative was compared with Beti Bachao was compared with the M.P. Services and Beti Badhao project of Gujarat state. GuaranteeFor best Act fit 2010 analysis and for the replication initiative in It was found that Gujarat project is better different states. SAKALA appeared to be model for replication by the states with a better model on different parameters.
7. suitableThe Eraviperoor modifications. Gram Panchayat- success story of Local self Governance 5. deliveryThe initiative system ofin rationalizationPunjab aims ofat initiative of Pathanamthitta district in affidavits for reforming public service
rationalization of affidavits for reforming Kerala achieved paperless office, started7 Research and Evaluation Study
a village knowledge centre, conducted/ arranged environment Gram Sabha, care for labour and close monitoring. tried waste management, launched Allproject this andresulted maximizing in better the hydraulic output, mini water supply scheme, started parameters, employment generation, Arogya Sabha and Jagrath Samities and rejuvenated Varattar river. The improvement in environment. For best positive changes brought about by the mitigation of flood and water logging and initiative are appreciated and our study with SOUL initiative of Hubli-Dharwad, also shows that the quality of services thefit analysis cities of theKarnataka. initiative It was was compared apparent that SOUL Karnataka is a better initiative case of Mann Gram Panchayat of Pune for replication by interested states for district,has improved. in Maharashtra For best fitwas analysis taken theup. reclamation and rejuvenation of water It was seen that both the initiatives are bodies. excellent and replicable. Depending on 10. Saving Open Spaces and Urban Lakes the local preference any one model can (SOUL) and cultural rejuvenation of the be replicated. twin city of Hubli-Dharwad initiative 8. The initiative of achieving ‘Total showed convergence of different Financial Inclusion’ in west Tripura departments, convergence of funds district through e-ROR has achieved from various sources towards a larger 100% coverage of all families with CBS objective, maximum use of district accounts, opening of common service construction agency, creation of separate centres (USB) 2 ATMs and 20 USBs in trusts and user fee for each infrastructure entire district and maintenance of data and revenue through various taxes levied base, GIS based mapping for opening of for the maintenance and sustainability new branches, rolling out of electronic of the project. The initiative resulted fund management system, Doorstep in creation of infrastructure worth Rs. 40/- Crores, over one lakh people are payment under MNREGS, IAY, NSAP, NBA, enjoying the facilities so created every JSYService and Delivery,JSSK etc., linking availing of ofbenefits the credit like month, building in environment friendly, facilities in priority sectors and a suitable culturally strong and healthy city. platform to achieve objective of PM JDY. of Sasur Khaderi-2 rivulet and its origin PMJDY in Sabarkantha Gujarat was ThithoraFor best fitLake analysis was taken the initiativeand it was revival found taken.For best It was fit seen analysis that theGujarat initiative initiative of that of the two initiatives the saving is following the pattern of PMJDY and open spaces and urban lakes (SOUL) and e-ROR is also progressing towards Cultural rejuvenation of the twin city of achieving the same. Both the initiatives Hubli-Dharwad is excellent model for are replicable but since Sabarkantha replication by the states with suitable initiative is translating the PMJDY which is a national project, this model is more 11. The skill development programme to modification based on the local situation. appropriate for replication. impart vocational training to tribal youth 9. Revival of Sasur Khaderi-2 rivulet and its of district Gadchiroli, Maharashtra was origin Thithora Lake in District Fatehpur, initiated on the guidelines of Prime U.P. initiative highlights were meticulous Minister’s counsel for skill development. planning, convergence approach, The programme has shown promising Qunet Model, making it a people’s success in terms of numbers of
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candidates joining the programme as to Tribal’s, introduction of social security well as placements (88% of the trained schemes and Parichay Sammelan persons). Higher grass roots coverage for differently abled. The highlights through counsellors has been achieved. of the initiative were transparency and stakeholders participation, compared with Swarnim KVK in Gujarat. innovativeness of the initiative and TheFor bestGujarat fit analysisinitiative the appears initiative to wasbe its replicability. For comparison, excellent model for replication by the Distribution of Land Right to Tribal’s in interested states. M.P. under FRA 2007 was taken up and 12. The initiative of Emotional Drive for replication M.P. model appears a campaign, Valsad and Vapi Gujarat aimed at distributing user rights of forest land the implementing state. Research and Evaluation Study better fit with suitable modifications by
Steps for Replication: Steps for Replication: The replication approach for each of these consultants. The steps required for replication 12 initiatives was arrived at by thorough are given below. Thediscussions replication with approach our subject for eachexperts of theseand chief 12 consultants. The steps required for replication initiatives was arrived at by thorough are given below. discussions with our subject experts and chief
1. Identification of team members for the initiative
2. Situation Analysis and Assessment Phase
3. Strategies for involving stakeholders
•Effective Implementation of Action Plan, •Preparing Model Initiative and Establishing Desired Outcome •Phased Roll out of Campaign
4. Capacity Building
5. Monitoring of Activities and Surveillance
6. Documentation Plan and Dissemination of Results
7. Sustainability Measures for the Initiative
We, therefore, conclude that majority of with existing government schemes already We therefore conclude that majority of these existing government schemes already in vogue. sampledthese sampled initiatives initiatives have have potential potential forfor inThe vogue. detailed The approachdetailed approach is given inis respectivegiven in replication. ButBut they they need need to amalgamate to amalgamate with respectivechapters. chapters.
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1.0 Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory Project (CROPSAP) for Pest Management on Major Crops in Maharashtra
1.1 Introduction and context of Governance: • Inability in proper identification of pests. During 2008-09 the state in general, • system.Absence of early pest warning system Vidarbha and Marathwada regions in • Lack of scientific survey and advisory particular witnessed severe outbreak of farmers. Spodopteralitura and • Inadequate awareness of IPM among the Helicoverpaarmigera and other leaf eating leaf defoliator’s viz. nature. caterpillar on soybean crop leading to crop • Paucity of manpower and multitasking devastation. 48 % of the total area under involved. soybean cultivation was infested. Out of that • Lack of collective approach by agencies 71.31% area was more than 50% damaged resulting into monitory loss to the tune of Rs. • Indiscriminate use of pesticide. 1392 crores. There were farmers ‘agitations with support of people’s representatives to demand compensation to farmers by the Government, State Government paid compensation worth Rs. 450 crore to the farmers. The state authority then decided to develop a programme for pest surveillance and their treatment by involving the farmers this objective CROPSAP project was launched. and empowering field functionaries. To meet Figure 1.2: Crop Pest
In the light of these observations following recommendations were made:
cum-surveillance system. • Establish scientific pest monitoring-
pest management at early stage. • Create awareness among farmers about
Figure 1.1: Origin of Crop •1.3 PromoteObjectives use of of bio/ the chemical Governance pesticides. Initiative: 1.2 Problem Definition: Pest built-up in the initial crop stage and lack approach for pest surveillance and • monitoringDeveloping the and pest adopting continuously a scientific and about the gravity of the situation resulted into putting in place early warning system of severeof understanding pest epidemic by on farmers soybean and in field 2008-09 staff pest outbreaks. resulting into following observations:
• Building an online pest monitoring 10 Research and Evaluation Study
system for major pests of soybean and Monitoring and Advisory (RTPMA) cotton (Tur and gram crops were also system.
identified for monitoring later) • Net connectivity to stakeholder and up- visits by trained pest scouts for locating to-field level. • emergenceBuilding an ofinstitutional pest at very arrangement early stage, of • Training for software professionals. working with the farmers of the area. by central/state Institutes. • Online data feeding, analysis, advisories
about Integrated Crop Management • Pre-seasonal training for knowledge • (ICM)Creating practices awareness specially among theIntegrated farmers processupdation review. of field staff and farmers. Pest Management (IPM) in soybean and • Regular monitoring and feedback, cotton crops. advisories. • Hotspot identification and issue of major crop pests through appropriate print media. • advisories.Guiding the farmers for management of • Mass Awareness through electronic and
• Timely availability of critical inputs. judiciously. • Using biological and chemical pesticides • fullestCapacity use building and support. of key stakeholders. • Involving specialist agencies for their inputs. • Ensuring timely availability of critical 1.4 Implementation strategy adopted: The CROPSAP implemented pest monitoring cum surveillance based advisory system and awareness creation through consortium Figure 1.4: Judicious use of Eco friendly methods mode had focused on the pest control of major and chemicals crops of Maharashtra in general and Vidarbha and Marathwada region in particular. The 1.5 Key study findings: strategies adopted were: Project Awareness: The sources of awareness as Pest Scouts, Village • Pradhan/ Progressive Farmer, SMS and Village meetings proved effective tools. These are the takeaways of this initiative. Table No. 01: Sources of Information
Source of Information % Contacted by the Pest Scout 62.3 Informed by Village Pradhan 11.7 Newspaper 9.1 Figure 1.3: Progressive farmers in the field exclusively for surveillance. SMS 14.3 • Scouts as contractual manpower Farmers village meeting 16.9 input. Total N=77 • Involvement of stakeholder for scientific
• Software for on-line Real Time Pest 11 Research and Evaluation Study
Farmers participation in the Project: Soybean 36.6%, pigeon pea 19%, chick pea 20.1%, Rice 13% and other crops • (53.2%) and fear by loss of the crop/ 17.1%. This shows the importance The benefits as explained to the farmers yield in the earlier season (23.4%) were of cotton and soybean crop and their Researchtwo andmain Evaluation motivators Study to the farmers for vulnerability to pests attack. registration/ participation in the Project. SourceResearch of information and Evaluation about pestStudy population Source of information about pest 17.1% Cotton (Pesticidepopulation application): (PesticideOf the total application):beneficiaries majority of 49.4% was informed by pest • 13.0% Soya Bean scoutResearch Sources/pest of and informationmonitors Evaluation aboutwhereas Study pest population32.5% Cotton 49.4% was informedOf by the pest total scouts/pestbeneficiaries 17.1% 40.9% beneficiaries(Pesticide wereapplication): informed by SMS. On the other Pigeon Pea(Tur) majorityOf theof total49.4% beneficiaries was informed majority by pest of hand TV, Village Pradhan, village meetings, 13.0% Soya Bean departmentscout Sourceweres/pest of informedfunctionariesinformation monitors by SMS.aboutproved On whereaspest theless population other effective. hand32.5% 20.1% 17.1% 40.9% ChickpeaCotton (Table(Pesticidebeneficiaries TV,monitorsNo- 02 Villageapplication):) were whereas Pradhan, informedOf 32.5%the byvillage total SMS. beneficiariesbeneficiaries Onmeetings, the other Pigeon Pea(Tur) majority of 49.4% was informed by pest 36.6% handdepartment TV, Village functionariesPradhan, village proved meetings, less 13.0% RiceSoya Bean scouts/pest monitors whereas 32.5% 20.1% Tabledepartment Noeffective.-02: Sourcefunctionaries of Information proved aboutless effective. pest Chickpea beneficiaries were informed by SMS. On the other 19.0% 40.9% population/(Table No -pesticide02) application: OtherPigeon Crop Pea(Tur) hand TV, Village Pradhan, village meetings, 36.6% Table No. 02: Source of Information about pest Rice departmentSource functionaries of information proved less effective.% 20.1% Table No-02: Source of Information about pest FigureFigure 1.6:1. 6 :Crop Crop wise wise numbernumber of AdvisoriesChickpea (Tablepopulation/ No-02 )pesticide application: 19.0% Informedpopulation/ By pesticideSMS application: 32.5 36.6% Other Crop
Source of Information % LanguageLanguage of of ProfessionalRice Advisories:Advisories: Table NoSource-02: Source of information of Information about %pest Figure 1. 6: Crop wise number of Advisories Pest Scouts/Pest Monitors 49.4 Accordingto19.0% 89.6% respondents Marathi was the population/Informed pesticide By SMS application: 32.5 predominant Accordingto language 89.6% respondentsusedOther for Crop Marathiissuing AllInformed Others combined By SMS 36.432.5 • was Language the predominant of Professional language usedAdvisories: for Pest Scouts/PestSource of information Monitors 49.4% advisoriesFigure 1. 6. : Crop wise number of Advisories Pest Scouts/Pest Monitors 49.4 Accordingto 89.6% respondents Marathi was the N=77 issuing advisories. InformedAll Others By combined SMS 32.536.4 predominant language used for issuing All Others combined 36.4 UnderstandingUnderstanding of ofAdvice: Advice: Of Of thethe totaltotal N=77 Languageadvisories . of Professional Advisories: SubjectPest Scouts/Pest of Advice: Monitors Advice on pest population,49.4 beneficiariesAccordingto 92.2%89.6% respondedrespondents that Marathi it was easywas theto N=77 name Subjectof pesticide of Advice:to be sprayed,Advice timeon pestof •understand predominant the advicelanguage. Thus useused of localfor languageissuing All Others combined 36.4 has facilitatedit Understanding was easy understanding. to understandof Advice: the Ofadvice. the total applicationpopulation, of pesticides, name dose of ofpesticide pesticide toto bebe advisoriesbeneficiaries. 92.2% responded that sprayed Subject and ofpercent Advice: solution Advice to on N=77be pestsprayed population, was beneficiariesThus use of local92.2% language responded has that facilitated it was easy to • sprayed, time of application of pesticides, understand the advice. Thus use of local language received name byof 67.5%pesticide of the tobeneficiaries be sprayed,. time of Action Understandingunderstanding. taken afterof Advice:advice: OfOut the of total77 has facilitated understanding. applicationSubjectdose of ofAdvice:of pesticides,pesticide Advice todose on be pest of sprayedpesticide population, and to be beneficiariesbeneficiaries 92.2%interviewed responded 62.3% that implemented it was easy to Action taken after advice: Out of namesprayed percentof andpesticide percentsolution to solution beto sprayed,be to sprayedbe sprayedtime wasof was projectunderstand messages the advice as .advised Thus use whereas of local language 33.8% received by 67.5% of the beneficiaries. Action taken after advice: Out of 77 applicationComplete Information of pesticides, dose of pesticide67.5 to be •beneficiaries has facilitated contacted understanding. local pesticide dealer and sprayed and percent solution to be sprayed was 15.6% beneficiariesimplemented approached interviewed theproject local progressive messages62.3% implementedfarmer as Percent solution 1.3 77 beneficiaries interviewed 62.3% received by 67.5% of the beneficiaries. before Actionproject taking takenmessages actio n afteron theas advisoriesadvice:advised Out. whereas of 7733.8% received by 67.5% of the beneficiaries. beneficiaries contacted local pesticide dealer and CompleteDose of Informationpesticide 6.5 67.5 beneficiariescontacted interviewed local pesticide 62.3% dealerimplemented and 15.6% approached the local progressive farmer Percent solution projectadvised messages whereas as advised 33.8% whereas beneficiaries 33.8% Time of application 5.21.3 15.6%before15.6% taking approached action on the the local advisories progressive. Complete Information 67.5 beneficiaries contacted localImplemented pesticide as adviseddealer and NameDose of pesticideof pesticide 5.2 6.5 15.6% farmer approached before the taking local progressiveaction on farmer the Percent solution 1.3 by project messages TimePest populationof application 15.65.2 beforeadvisories.15.6% taking action on the advisories. Dose of pesticide 6.5 Implemented as advised Name of pesticide 5.2 33.8% Time of application 0 5.220 40 60 80 15.6% 62.3% Contactedby project local pesticide messages Pest population 15.6 dealerImplemented as advised Name of pesticideSubject of Advise5.2 (%) by project messages 0 20 40 60 80 33.8% 62.3% Figure 1.Pest 5: Subjectpopulation of Advice 15.6 Contacted local pesticide Contacteddealer progressive SubjectSubject of of Advice Advise (%) (%) 0 20 40 60 80 33.8% 62.3% farmerContacted local pesticide Crop wise Number of Professional dealer Advisories:FigureFigure 1.1. 5:5 : SubjectSubjectSubject of of Adviceof Advice Advise (%) Figure 1. 7: Action taken after adviceContacted progressive For cotton maximum number 40.9% of advisories Figure 1. 5: Subject of Advice farmer wer• Crope reCropceived wise wisefollowed Number by Soybean ofof 36.6% ProfessionalProfessional, pigeon Contacted progressive Depicted in the graph peaAdvisories: 19%, chick pea 20.1%, Rice 13% and other Level of Satisfaction: farmer Advisories: Figure 1. 7: Action taken after advice cropsFor Crop cotton17.1% wise. maximumThis showsNumber number the importanceof 40.9% Professional of of advisoriescotton given below is the level of satisfaction on different Advisories: aspects of CROPSAP. This shows the strength of and wer soybeaneFor received cotton crop followed and maximum their by vulnerability Soybean number 36.6% 40.9% to pests, pigeon of Figure 1. 7: Action taken after advice For cotton maximum number 40.9% of advisories Figurethese interventions.Level 1.7: Action of Satisfaction: taken after advice Depicted in the graph attack.pea 19%, chick pea 20.1%, Rice 13% and other were readvisoriesceived followed were by received Soybean 36.6%followed, pigeon by given below is the level of satisfaction on different crops 17.1%. This shows the importance of cotton Depicted in the graph pea 19%, chick pea 20.1%, Rice 13% and other Levelaspects of Satisfaction:of CROPSAP. This shows the strength of and soybean crop and their vulnerability to pests given below is the level of satisfaction on different crops 17.1%. This shows the importance of cotton these interventions. attack. aspects of CROPSAP. This shows the strength of and12 soybean crop and their vulnerability to pests attack. these interventions.
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Page 14 Page 14 Research and Evaluation Study
Level of Satisfaction: Depicted in o Staff to advise farmers may be the graph given below is the level of increased. • satisfaction on different aspects of o Weekly meetings with the farmers ResearchCROPSAP. and EvaluationThis shows Study the strength of should be conducted Researchthese interventions. and Evaluation Study
o Colorshould photographs be given of pests, video and CD Very Good Good Satisfactory omay ColorMore be photographs shown pesticides at village of pests, andlevel video fertilizerswhen and pests CD Very Good Good Satisfactory o attack.may be shown at village level when pests Print and Electronic 7.8% 50.6% C.D.attack. includedand color photos may be provided to the Print andmedia Electronic 7.8% o 39%50.6% ofarmers. C.D.More and color farmers photos for may fixed be plots provided may to be the media 39% o o Color photographs of pests, video 5.2% farmers. Farmers village meetings 5.2% 63.6% and CD may be shown at village Farmers village meetings 49% 63.6% 1.6 Strengths of the Initiatives: 49% 1.6 Strengthslevel when of the pests Initiatives: attack. Noticeboard / Jumbo 22.1% 29.9% Noticeboardxerox / Jumbo 22.1% 23%29.9% o C.D. and color photos may be xerox 23% Recruitment of Pest Scouts, Data Entry 5.2% ORecruitperatorsprovidedment and ofto thePest Researchfarmers. Scouts, DataAssociates Entry Through SMS 5.2% 27.3% Through SMS 21%27.3% ExclusivelyOperators forand the project.Research Associates 21% 44.2% 1.6 DevelopmentExclusivelyStrengths for of of the s oftwarethe project. Initiatives: for online Real Time Visit byby agriagri deptt.deptt. saff.staff 15.6% 44.2% Development of software for online Real Time Visit by agri deptt. saff. 12%15.6% Pest Monitoring and Advisory system. 12% Pest Monitoring and Advisory system. 59.7% Involvement of stakeholders for scientific Visit by pest monitors 13.0% 59.7% Operatorsinput.Involvement and of stakeholdersResearch Associatesfor scientific Visit by pest monitors 10%13.0% • Recruitment of Pest Scouts, Data Entry 10% exclusivelyinput. for the project. 68.8% Net connectivity to stakeholders and upto Visit by pest scouts 9.1% 68.8% fieldNet level.connectivity to stakeholders and upto Visit by pest scouts 7%9.1% 7% Prefield-seasonal level. training for knowledge updation Time Pest Monitoring and Advisory • DevelopmentofPre field-seasonal staff and training of farmers. software for knowledge for online updation Real Figure 1.1.8: 8 : LevelLevel ofof SatisfactionSatisfaction onon different system.of field staff and farmers. aspectsFigure of1. CROPSAP.8: Level of Satisfaction on different Mass awareness through electronic and print Mass awareness through electronic and print aspects aspects ofof CROPSAP. media. media. Majority of 59.7% input.Timely availability of critical inputs. Impact of CROPSAP: Majority of 59.7% considered ImpactImpact itof good ofCROPSAP: CROPSAP: whereas 41.6%Majority thought of 59.7%it was • InvolvementOnlineTimely dataavailability feeding, of stakeholders of criticalanalysis, inputs. for advisories scientific by satisfactoryconsideredconsidered itinitiative. good whereasit good 41.6% whereas thought 41.6% it was central/stateOnline data institutes.feeding, analysis, advisories by • satisfactory thought initiative. it was satisfactory initiative. central/state institutes. • NetInvolvement connectivity of political to stakeholdersleaders. and 1.3% VillageInvolvement level weekly of political meetings. leaders. upto field level. 1.3% InstallationVillage level of weekly AWS in meetings. every revenue circle for Satisfactory • Pre-seasonalweatherInstallation data of collection. AWS training in every for revenue knowledge circle for 41.6% Satisfactory weather data collection. Good updationGIS based ofmapping field staff of major and farmers.insect pest. 41.6% print media. 59.7% Good LowGIS basedcost per mapping ha. Its onlyof major Rs. 10/ insect- ha. pest. 59.7% Very good • MassLow cost awareness per ha. Its through only Rs. electronic 10/- ha. and Very good Abridged gap between research and extension.Abridged gap between research and • TimelyCreationextension. availability of demand ofdriven critical Pesticide inputs. market. Figure 1. 9: Impact of CROPSAP by central/state institutes. BudgetaryCreation of Provision demand drivenby the StatePesticide Government market. Figure 1. 9: Impact of CROPSAP • Online data feeding, analysis, advisories Figure 1.9: Impact of CROPSAP forBudgetary next 5 y ears.Provision by the State Government Suggestions of beneficiaries to improve the Introductionfor next 5 years. of group farming concept. Project: SuggestionsSuggestion of beneficiariess for improvement to improve included the Suggestions of beneficiaries to • InvolvementIntroduction of grouppolitical farming leaders. concept. following:Project:Suggestion s for improvement included improve the Project: Suggestions for •following: The project should be implemented round • 1.7Village Weaknesses level weekly of the meetings. Initiatives: o improvement included following: 1.7 Weaknesses of the Initiatives: o theThe year project should be implemented round circle for weather data collection. Allthe crops year should be included in the project, • Installation of AWS in every revenue o o The project should be implemented advisoriesAll crops shouldon all crops. be included in the project, Poor awareness about the project among o round the year Poor awareness about the project among Staffadvisories to advice on allfarmers crops. may be increased. control farmers. o • GIScontrol based farmers. mapping of major insect pest. o WeeklyStaffo toAll meetingsadvice crops farmers should with the may be farmers includedbe increased should in .the be Non supply of electricity during day time. o Non supply of electricity during day time. o conductedWeeklyproject, meetings advisories with the on farmers all crops. should be • LowUnavailability cost per ha.of mobile Its only range. Rs. 10/- ha. Moreconducted pesticides and fertilizers should be extension.IrregularUnavailability visits ofof mobilethe scouts range. in the village. o • Abridged gap between research and o givenMore pesticides and fertilizers should be Irregular visits of the scouts in the village. given o More farmers for fixed plots may be included o More farmers for fixed plots may be included 13 Page 15 Page 15 Research and Evaluation Study
market. • Creation of demand driven Pesticide
Government for next 5 years. • Budgetary Provision by the State
1.7• IntroductionWeaknesses of group of the farming Initiatives: concept.
control farmers. • Poor awareness about the project among
Figure 1.10: Investigation of crop • Non supply of electricity during day time. 1.8.2. Sustainability Takeaways: • Unavailability of mobile range. • Irregular visits of the scouts in the village. message. • Difficulty in understanding the mobile • Involvement of community. monitors and other experts to motivate data. • farmers.Counselling by pest scouts and pest • Non availability of Taluka based weather
pesticides. • Non availability of recommended bio- • Empowered contact progressive farmers. two consecutive crops. pesticides. • Low dropout rate of pest scouts between • Resistance of pest against recommended the role of Government • Key members other than pest scouts on • High cost of plant protection chemicals. intervention. universities as knowledge partners. • Lack of plan for withdrawal of • Involvement of local agricultural 1.8 The Takeaways: • Prior knowledge of ICM, IPM and ETL. 1.8.1. Process Takeaways: on the basis of weather data and pest • populationPrediction ofdata. pest behavior in advance data entry operators exclusively for pest • Contractual manpower i.e. pest scouts, surveillance and data uploading. at Rs. 10/-per ha. • Low cost of pest management estimated
input. • Involvement of stakeholders for scientific • Subsidized plant protection chemicals. • Timely availability of critical inputs. advisories. • Software for online RTPM system • Hot spots identification and issue of • Net connectivity upto field level. pesticides. • Pre-seasonal training for knowledge • Judicious use of bio and chemical updation of field staff and farmers. 1.8.3. Replicability Takeaways: • Regular monitoring and feedback. • Process review. advisory system. print media. • Pest monitoring cum surveillance based • Mass awareness through electronic and • Timely communication modes and 14 Research and Evaluation Study
deployment of data collectors and observers. progressive farmer of each village. • Selection and training of contact
management. • onTechnology the crop and and pests software for replication. used in • Inclusion of horticultural crops for pest CROPSAP need to be modified depending input management. • Effective use of available resources and • Strategies of CROPSAP may be used with of plant protection measures in farming due modification. pest scouts, data entry operators and • community.Increase in knowledge and adoption level • ResearchTerm based Associates. contractual engagement of observatories at Taluka level. each crop season. • Establishment of meteorological • Training of scouts and farmers before
1.9 Way Forward for Replication of the Initiatives:
• Identification of Team Members • Persons with faith in Community Mobilization and Team Building, Past Achievers with Positive Attitude, 1 Comfortable in Multitasking Environment • Situation Analysis • Study Available Document on Pest Surveillance, Analyze the Pest Affected Zones and select them 2 • Redefining State Specific Problem • Identification of key Stakeholders (officers of different Deptt., Farmers Organizations, Pesticide Dealer Organizations), Organization of Participatory Meeting, Redefining Problem by Stakeholders, Sensitization of 3 Stakeholders by Team Leader
• Establishing Strategic Plan Framework • Fine-tune Process of Implementation, Preparation of strategic Framework to focus on Effective Leadership, Inclusiveness, Empowerment and Commitment, Setting Targets and Creating Conducive Environment, M&E 4 Mechanism, Reward System
• Coordination and Integration into Policy Framework • Plan Framework to Consider Existing Schemes, Integration of Schemes with the Framework 5 • Agreement upon and Adoption of Guidelines • Involvement of State Leadership, Information and Sensitization of Leaders, Preparation of Guidelines, 6 Organization of Stakeholders workshop, Modification of guidelines and Action Plans • Planning and Budgeting • Budgets based on Activity Plans, GOI Schemes, PPP, CSR funds to be explored 7 • Creating Enabling Environment • Ensure Effective Leadership, Organizational Culture Supportive of Innovation, Promotion of Life Long 8 Learning, Monitoring the Implementation, Knowledge Sharing and Networking
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• Enabling Adoption by Stakeholders • Joint consultation Approach, Knowledge Sharing among Stakeholders, Facilitators and Target Beneficiaries, Putting in Place the Team for replication of Initiative, Formulation of Adoption Policy, Process and Framework, 9 Measuring and Reporting Progress
• Implementation of Activity Plan • Preparation of Activity Plan, Training of Facilitators, Selection of Pest Scouts and other Team Members 10 • Monitoring and Evaluation of Interventions • Developing Monitoring Indicators 11 • Documentation Plan in Broad Diverse forms • Developing Strategy for Documentation, Formalization of sharing of Experiences, Establishing a Learning 12 Organization • Dissemination of Results • Documents to be shared at Larger Platform, Plan State and country Level Workshop for Experience sharing 13 • Sustainability Measures for Initiative • Institutionalize the Initiative, Promotion of ownership by stakeholders, Sustainable Economic Resources, Planning for withdrawal of Implementation Team, Establishing Communication Network, Balanced Equitable 14 Distribution of Benefits
1.10 Best Fit-between CROPSAP Maharashtra and e-Krishi Kiran, Gujarat:
It was found that the CROPSAP Maharashtra is a better model for replication.
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2.0 Kaushalya Vardhan Kendra Gujarat
2.1 Introduction and context of expressed by local industries which needed Governance Initiative: attention. With a goal of providing employment to the Key factors leading to the initiative: youth of Gujarat, the Directorate of Employ- ment and Training Government of Gujarat urban centres. started imparting skill development training • Migration of rural population towards to youth through Village Cluster Training Centres in villages, under Swarnim Gujarat at the village level. • Absence of vocational training facilities Kaushlya Vardhan Kendra (KVK) Yojana. It was decided to establish KVKs in urban opportunities in the locality and cluster villages having more than 10,000 population • ofLack villages. of employment/self-employment in general area and 7000 population in tribal area for a cluster of around 9 to 10 villages. people from the regional and local The emphasis was also on the villages where • industries.Demand of skilled trained and certified the vocational training facilities were not initiated by the State Government. empowerment. • Lack of opportunities for women
school dropouts, adolescent girls and • housewives.Lack of skill training programmes for the 2.3 Objectives of Governance Initiative:
to institutes, the institutes approaching • theTo shift trainees. the paradigm from trainees going
Figure 2.1: Kaushalya Vardhan Kendra, Gujarat for offered available courses, institutes • runTo shift the the courses paradigm preferred of trainees by applyingtrainees 2.2 Problem Definition: and the industry. At one hand manpower was willing to get skills but on the other hand access to skill approach industries for jobs, the industry centres was hard. To meet the demand of • approachesTo shift the trainees paradigm with the of jobs. trainees skilled manpower and provide employment opportunities it was essential to impart skill near to the trainees. skill training to youth including women and • To offer locational advantage in imparting differently abled persons nearer to their habitation. There was another issue of skill increasing demand of trained and • To impart skill training to meet the requirement for local industries for which no formal arrangements for imparting skills were regional industries. There are around 83 certified workforce by the local and there. Need of hard and soft skills were also industrial clusters spread across Gujarat
17 Research and Evaluation Study
and the demand for skilled manpower is factory owners, Industrial Associations continuously increasing. importance of KVKs. to sensitize them about the role and manpower according to changing need • ofTo industries supply and trained/skilled technologies. persons/ • ofVisiting KVKs. educational institutions to sensitize them about role and importance preneurship. • To promote self-employment and entre- • MilkAdvertising Collection with Centres, the help Panchayats, of Posters, Slogans, Leaflets in public places like • ResearchTo rehabilitate and Evaluation the dropouts. Study Community halls. Street Play with the housewives with skilled livelihood/self- help of local play known as Bhavai. • employmentTo provide activity economic like tailoring support etc. to State Transport Buses were used for To provide economic support to housewives advertisements.Creating appropriate Infrastructure for the with skilled livelihood/self-employment initiation of KVKs. • activityTo advance like tailoring women etc.empowerment. the initiation of KVKs. • ToTo advanceimprove women the employability. empowerment. • Creating appropriate infrastructure for To improve the employability. • To reduce the poverty. Tomainstream reduce the society.poverty. • ToTo bringbring thethe excludedexcluded populationpopulation to thethe mainstream society. To harness the potential of rural youth. 2.4• ToImplementation harness the potential Strategy of rural youth. 2.4 ImplementationAdopted: Strategy Adopted: In order to make the project attractive and In order to make the project attractive and effectiveeffective thethe Department Department followedfollowed thethe ‘WISH’‘WISH’ conceptconcept forfor KaushalyaKaushalya VardhanVardhan Kendra’sKendra’s focusingfocusing on:on:
Women oriented courses W • Industry oriented courses I •Soft skills and Service sector related S courses • Hard‐core traditional courses H
• The women oriented courses were aimed to bring in large number of participants especiallyto bring inrural large women. number of participants • OrganizingespeciallyThe women Kaushalyarural oriented women. Shabha courses in were each aimedcluster villages of KVKs by the attached ITI Principals with local villagers along with the leaders.cluster villages of KVKs by the attached • MeetingITIOrganizing Principals with the Kaushalya with local localIndustries Sabha villagers and in factoryalong each
owners,with the Industrial leaders. Associations to sensitize them about the role and importance of KVKs. Visiting educational institutions to sensitize them about role and importance of KVKs. • AdvertiMeetingsing with with thethe help local of IndustriesPosters, Slogans, and 18 Leaflets in public places like Milk Collection Centres, Panchayats, Community halls. Street Play with the help of local play known as Bhavai. State Transport Buses were used for advertisements.
IIDM Page 20 Research and Evaluation Study
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Figure 2.2: Kaushalya Vardhan Kendra
2.5Figure Key2. 2: StudyKaushalyaVardhan Findings: Kendra Table No. 01: Proportion of Mobilisers Mobilized % 2.5 Key Study Findings: • Source of information about the Kaushalya Sabha %45.1 Kaushalya committee 24.5 Initiative: KaushalyaITI principal Sabha 45.117.6 Source of information about the Initiative: Mobilized The posters, Panchayats and News Papers can Local village 17.6 The posters, Panchayats and News Papers can be Kaushalya committee 24.5 Figure 2. 2: KaushalyaVardhan Kendra Educational institutions 15.7 betaken taken as as the the bette betterr mode mode of of communication communication in ITI principal Mobilized 17.6% 2.5inaddition Keyaddition Study to tolocal Findings: local media media.. Any other 9.8 LocalKaushalya village Sabha Total N=10245.1 17.6 40.0% Kaushalya committee 24.5 35.3% 30.4% Educational institutions 15.7 Source30.0% of information about the Initiative:28.4% ITI principal 17.6 22.5% Motivation for Training: The posters,20.0% Panchayats and News Papers can be AnyLocalThe other villagedesire for the skill (42%) as17.69.8 well as taken as the better mode of communication in Educational institutions 15.7 10.0% unemployment (42%) provedTotal N=102 strong motivators addition to local media. 2.9% 2.0% Anyfor otherparticipating in skill building. 9.8 0.0% Total N=102 40.0% • 50.0%Motivation for Training: 35.3% 30.4% 42.2% 42.2% 30.0% 28.4% 40.0% 22.5% TheMotivation desire for for theTraining: skill (42%) as well 20.0% The 30.0%desire for the skill (42%) as well as Figure10.0% 2.3: Source of information asunemployment unemployment20.0% (42%) proved(42%) strongproved motivators strong 2.9% 2.0% Figure 2. 3: Source of information motivatorsfor participating10.0% for participating in skill building.5.9% in skill building.7.8% 0.0% 2.0% 0.0% • Mobilization of the Community: 50.0% Kaushyalya Mobilization Sabha of the(45.1%) Community: was the main 42.2% 42.2% Kaushyalya Sabha (45.1%) was the main 40.0% mobilizer followed by Kaushalya Committees 30.0% (24.5%),(24.5%), ITIITI Principal Principal an d andlocal villagerslocal villagers (17.6% 20.0% Figure 2. 3: Source of information 10.0% 5.9% 7.8% mobilizereach) and followed educational by Kaushalyainstitutions Committees in the area 2.0% (17.6%(15.7%). each) Formation and educational of Committees institutions enhanced the in 0.0% theparticipationMobilization area (15.7%). resulting of the Formation Community: into ownership of Committees thereby Figure 2. 4: Motivation for Training Kaushyalya Sabha (45.1%) was the main enhancedsustainability. the Theseparticipation key issuesresulting are intothe mobilizertakeaways followed for replication. by Kaushalya (Table NoCommittees-01) Targeted Educational qualification for (24.5%),ownership ITI Principal thereby an d localsustainability. villagers (17.6% These training: each)keyTable issuesand No educational-01: are Proportion the takeaways institutions of Mobilisers for in replication. the area (15.7%). Formation of Committees enhanced the Figure 2.4: Motivation for Training participation(TableIIDM No. 01)resulting into ownership thereby Figure 2. 4: Motivation for Training Page 21 sustainability. These key issues are the takeaways for replication. (Table No-01) Targeted Educational qualification for training: Table No-01: Proportion of Mobilisers 19 IIDM Page 21 Research and Evaluation Study
Targeted educational qualification for training: of the trainees. • • Courses are designed as per preference This type of programme may be targeted to lesser educated community than matriculate job offer. Research and Evaluation Study • Industries approach the trainees with Research and Evaluation Study thatThis lesstype thanof programme 10th pass may was be the targeted required to near the trainees. and above as 85.3% respondents affirmed • LocationalIndustries approachadvantages the in trainees imparting with skill job lesserThis type educated of programme community maythan matriculatebe targeted and to offer.Industries approach the trainees with job lesserabove easducated 85.3% community respondents than affirmed matriculate that lessand Locationaloffer. advantages in imparting skill near educational•thanabove Reasons10 asth 85.3%pass qualification. forwasrespondents selectingthe req uiredaffirmed a educational particular that less theLocational trainees. advantages in imparting skill near th • Equipping for self-employment qualification.than trade:10 pass was the required educational theEquipping trainees. for self-employment qualification. • RehabilitateRehabilitateEquipping for dropouts. dropouts. self-employment
Such Reasons initiatives for selecting if targeted a Particular for Trade:persons • AdvancementRehabilitateAdvancement dropouts. of of women women empowerment. empowerment. seekingSuch Reasons initiatives self-employment, for ifselecting targeted a for generalParticular persons awareness Trade:seeking AdvancementAdoption of WISH of women concept. empowerment. Such initiatives if targeted for persons seeking self-employment, general awareness and • AdoptionKVKAdopt ionprogram ofof WISH WISH has concept. concept.proved successful in andself- employment,betterment of genemploymenteral awareness will be moreand Gujarat by making vocational training betterment of employment will be more GujaratKVK program by making has vocational proved trainingsuccessful more in acceptedbetterment as inof KVK.employment will be more • KVK program has proved successful in accepted as in KVK. moreaccessibleGujarat accessible by inmaking rural in areas. vocational rural areas. training more accepted as in KVK. Theaccessible DET has in ruraldecided areas. to expand the program The DET has decided to expand the program 1.0% 9.8% General awareness programin tribal andin tribalfurther and remote further areas remote in the 1.0% 9.8% General awareness comingin tribal years. and further remote areas in the 22.5% Already in practice • areasThe DETin the has coming decided years. to expand the 22.5% Recognizingcoming years. the huge demand of vocational Already in practice Recognizing the huge demand of vocational Better employment training in rural areas, a parallel initiative of training in rural areas, a parallel initiative of 4.9% opportunityBetter employment vocationalintroducing trainingvocational incourses rural in areas,upper 42.2% 4.9% opportunityBetter Self employment • Recognizingprimaryintroducing schools vocational the has also huge beencourses demandinitiated. in upper of 42.2% Better Self employment aprimaryLimited parallel upfront schools initiative investment has also beenof in infrastructure,initiated.introducing 19.6% Better Business vocationalutilizingLimited upfront existing courses investment government in upper in infrastructure,machinery primary for 19.6% opportunityBetter Business utilizing existing government machinery for opportunityRegular source of schoolsprogram has implementat also beenion, initiated. high flexibility and incomeRegular source of participatoryprogram implementat planningion, are high key flexibilityfeatures thatand income makeparticipatory the program planning adaptable are key and features replicable that Figure 2. 5: Reasons for selecting a particular Figure 2.5: Reasons for selecting a particular trade inmake other the states program of the adaptable country. and replicable Figuretrade 2. 5: Reasons for selecting a particular • Limitedin other states upfront of the country. investment in trade governmentFor sustainability machinery the capacity for building program and For sustainability the capacity building and • PreferencePreference to todifferent different skills: skills: infrastructure,empowerment are the utilizing key strategy existing under empowerment are the key strategy under Though Preference the Programme to different mana skills:gers claimed that which maximum participation of women and participatorywhich maximum planning participation are key of women features and Thoughthe variety thethe in Programme courProgrammeses was mana wide Managersgers andwas claimed meetingclaimed that other disadvantaged groups such as school thatimplementation,other make disadvantaged the program high groups flexibilityadaptable such as school and thatlocalthe variety needs.the in Butvariety cour in sesreality wasin it widecourses culminated andwas was onlymeeting wide in a dropouts, minorities and lower income dropouts, minorities and lower income andwasfewlocal popular needs. meeting Butones. in localreality needs. it culminated But in onlyreality in ait replicablefamilies was in adopted. other states of the country. few popular ones. families was adopted. culminated only in a few popular ones. 2.7 Weaknesses of the Initiative: 2.7and Weaknesses empowerment of the Initiative:are the key strategy 10% • underFor sustainability which maximum the capacity participation building of 26% 10% 45% Tailoring Lack of time bound withdrawal strategy from Tailoring women and other disadvantaged groups 26% 45% Computer theLack project. of time bound withdrawal strategy from Computer suchthe project. as school dropouts, minorities and Beutician Limited seats in the KVKs. Beutician lowerSizeableLimited income seatsrural inpopulatio families the KVKs. nwas left adopted. un-covered. 19% Any other Sizeable rural population left un-covered. 19% Any other Migration of rural population still continues, 2.7 nowMigrationWeaknesses in the of form rural of of populationskilled the Initiative:manpower. still continues, nowLimited in the number form ofand skilled type ofmanpower. courses offered. Figure 2. 6: Preference to Trades LimitedPoor awareness number ofand citizens. type of courses offered. Figure 2.6:2. 6: PreferencePreference to Trades fromDifficultlyPoor awarenessthe project. in training of citizens. school dropouts. • Lack of time bound withdrawal strategy 2.6 Strengths of the Initiative: DifficultlyTraining outsourced in training schoolto private dropouts. agency so 2.6 Strengths of the Initiative: Trainingweak quality outsourced. to private agency so 2.6 Strengths of the Initiative: weakDifficulty quality in . obtaining placements in the Approaching the trainees instead of calling • Limited seats in the KVKs. Difficulty in obtaining placements in the Approaching the trainees instead of calling industry. them to centre. industry. themcalling to centre. them to centre. • Sizeable rural population left un-covered. • CoApproachingurses are designed the as trainees per preference instead of the of continues, now in the form of skilled trainees.Courses are designed as per preference of the • Migration of rural population still trainees. 20 IIDM Page 22 IIDM Page 22 Research and Evaluation Study
manpower. 2.8.2 Sustainability Takeaway:
offered. empowerment. • Limited number and type of courses • Focus on capacity building and
geographic reach of rural population. • Poor awareness of citizens. • Provision of skill training within the • Difficultly in training school dropouts. weak quality. programme design. • Training outsourced to private agency so • Adoption of participatory approach to
industry. • Difficulty in obtaining placements in the • community.Provision of trainings and need 2.8 The Takeaways: identification by involving local
2.8.1 Process Takeaway: timings. • Offering short term courses with flexible
cluster of 7-10 villages. age restriction criteria for admission. • Setting up of KVKs in a village having • Relaxation of minimum qualification and
• Setting up of KVKs in phases. • Keeping training cost affordable. tribal population. • KVKs for 10,000 non tribal and 7000 • Certification on completion of training. ownership. • Involvement of community and their employable schemes of Director General • Courses selection from modular of Employment and Training, GOI. gaps of employers. • Linking of trades for training with skill concept for short term courses. • Criteria of course selection on the WISH •2.8.3 Introduction Replicability of WISH Takeaway: concept. in course designing. • Involvement of village Kaushalya Sabha rural area. • Vocational training made accessible to
• No education or age bar for skill training. youth. • Vocational training accessible to rural • Charging nominal fees. • DTH connection through BISAG. Commission to adopt the KVK model infrastructure for KVK. • toRecommendation design PPP architecture of for Planning 5000 • No expenditure on creation of new new skill development centres to be H.O. established all across the country. • Monthly meetings of all coordinators at
other needy place as new centre. infrastructure. • On saturation, transfer of the centre to • Limited upfront investment in machinery for program implementation. • Utilization of existing government
planning. • High flexibility and participatory
now successfully run. In other places it • mayHigher be versioninitiated of since involving beginning. industries is
21 Research and Evaluation Study
2.9 Way Forward for Replication of the Initiatives:
• Identification of Team Members • Persons with Mission Mode Approach, Faith in Community Mobilization and Team Building, Trust in the Team Members, Past Achievers, Positive Attitude, Team Approach, Experience of Working in Multitasking 1 Environment, Identification of Team at State Level, Essential Infrastructure & Equipment, Selection of Courses, Certification, Rules for Admission
• Situation Analysis and Selection of Areas for KVK • Manpower Availability, Trades/Skills Required, Nearest ITI and other Skill Development Centres (SDC), SDC Mapping, Finalization of Selection Criteria/ Ranking of Different Areas, Exploration of Resources, PPP Mode, 2 Selection of skills needed in the area including skills for rituals and social activities.
• Formation of KVK Committees • Appointment of Skill Development Officer, Appointment of KVK coordinator, Identification of Available Govt. Buildings, Constitution of Kaushalya Vardhan Samithis, Designing Course, Organizing Kaushalya 3 Sabha, Mobilizing Village Community and Running Awareness Campaign, Providing Linkages with Industry, Encouraging Employment and Self Employment
• Selection of Courses/Vocation/Trade • Sensitization of Stakeholders, Redefining Skill Set Needs, Selection of Trade, Criteria for Selection of Trainees, 4 Introduction of Short Term (2-3 Months)courses, based on WISH Concepts
• Outsourcing of Manpower/facilities • Development of Framework & Guidelines with focus on Effective Leadership, Inclusiveness, Empowerment 5 and Commitment, Setting Targets and Creating conducive Environment, M&E Mechanism, Reward System
• Agreement Upon and Adoption of Guidelines • Involving State and District Leadership, Information and Sensitization with Data and Situations, Preparation of Guidelines for The Team, Organization of Workshops for Stakeholders, Modification of Guidelines and 6 Action Plans (If Need be)
• Planning and Budgeting • Preparation of Budgets, Tapping of External Sources of Funds, Explore GOI Schemes Like DDU, KVK and PPP, 7 CSR Funds, Approval of Budget by Appropriate Authority
• Creating Enabling Environment • Participatory and Empowering Approach, Effective Leadership, Organizational Culture Supportive of Innovation, Promotion of Team Work, Promotion of Life Long Learning, Monitoring Implementation of 8 Innovation, Knowledge Sharing and Networking
• Documentation Plan in Broad diverse forms • Development of Documentation, Sharing the Experience (Intra and Inter Districts), Establishment of a 9 Learning Organization
• Dissemination of Results • Documents to be shared at larger platform, Plan State and Country level workshops for experience sharing 10
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• Sustainability Measure for the Initiatives • Institutionalization of Initiative, Promotion of Ownership by Stakeholders, Capacity Building, Sustainable Economic Resources, Plan for Withdrawal of Intervention Team, Establishment of Communication Networks, 11 Balanced Equitable Distribution of Benefits
2.10 Best Fit-comparison on Skill Development in Gadchiroli and DDU-GKY:
When compared with similar skill building programmes at Gadchiroli and DDU-GKY from replicability point of view Swarnim Gujarat KVK initiative appears to be excellent as it is a state wide programme covering tribal and non-tribal both along with more number of courses based on WISH concept.
However, DDU-GKY is a nation-wide initiative and needs attention of every replicating state.
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3.0 LADO Campaign - An Initiative for Eradicating Child Marriages in Madhya Pradesh
3.1 Introduction and Context of affected. It results into high MMR, IMR Governance Initiative: and School Dropouts. LADO (beloved child) Campaign has been Akshaya Tritiya in child marriage prone initiated by the Directorate of Women • Only administrative/legal efforts during Empowerment, Government of Madhya Pradesh for creating an environment for districts were not sufficient. eradicating child marriages from the state. It nick of time lead to panic/ trauma for • families,Stopping loss the of childmoney marriages and credibility at the in the community about consequences of child the society. marriage.is designed with a view to sensitize and train customary-psychological mind-set of the The initiative was launched on 6th Feb. 2013 • Introduction of change in the socio- in all the districts of Madhya Pradesh. community.
of child marriage and the Prohibition of • ChildCreating Marriage awareness Act 2006. about adverse effects
3.3 Objectives of Governance Initiative:
• Eradication of child marriage from M.P. • Bringing perceptible systemic changes in the mind-set of citizens. • Transforming traditionally old customs. • Inculcating new perceptions. based human resource. • Creation of a sustainable community
• Advocating eradication of child marriage. • Strengthening social accountability. • Acceptance of law by community.
Figure 3.1: LADO Abhiyan
3.2 Problem Definition:
traditional, religious, social and • customaryChild marriages practices. are fallout of deep
Figure 3.2: LADO Abhiyan rally by school children • The children specially girls are severely
24 Research and Evaluation Study Research and Evaluation Study
o Online monitoring of LADO victims.
o o More than 87000 workshops • Capacity buildingMore of than stakeholders: 87000 workshops conducted.o conducted. 16 Lakh house visits to sensitize the o stakeholders.stakeholders. o 16 lakhTotal house outreach visits to was sensitize to more the than 38 o Total outreach was to more than 38 MediaLakh support: citizens. o edia support: Figure 3.3: Discussion with the Stakeholder Lakh citizens. Figure 3. 3: Discussion with the Stakeholder o All FMAll FMchannels, channels, printprint mediamedia devoted • M time and space for the initiative. devotedo time and space for the 3.4 Implementation Strategy Paper ads, 3.4Implementation Strategy Adopted: initiative. Adopted: Jingles, appeals by prominent o Newspapero advertisements, Jingles, a. Identification of the communities political leaders. a. Identification of the communities where appealsNukkadNatak, by prominent documentary political film where child marriages are in vogue child marriages are in vogue and are leaders. shows and TV talk shows were and are accepted as social practice. accepted as social practice. organised. shows and TV talk shows were Girls who prevented their own marriage The communities which have high o organised.Nukkad Natak, documentary film prevalence of child marriages are:- were publicised as icons to be followed Strengtheningby others and rehabilitated the implementation properly. of (i) Sondhiya (ii) Tanvar (iii) Dangi (iv) Nat were publicised as icons to be followed (v) Mevada (vi) Khati (vii) Parmar (viii) Governance Act. (PCMA, 2006): • byGirls others who andprevented rehabilitated their own properly. marriage •Sapera (ix) Vishwakarma (x) Mahi (xi) o
Balai (xii) Sansi o GovernanceOrganisation Act, PCMA, 2006:of awareness camps. • StrengtheningImprovement the implementation of systems of to keep o Organisationvigil on of ensuring awareness marriages camps. at legal Different forms of child marriages are:- o o Improvementage. of systems to keep (i) Natara (ii) Atta-satta (iii) Thaal Pratha vigil onMark ensuring sheets marriages or Birth at certificates legal to (iv) VachanPratha (v) ChudiPratha age. be considered as proof of age and •(vi) PataPratha (vii) PalnaPratha Prohibitionnot the medical of child certificate. marriage: (viii) JhagdaPratha beo considered as proof of age and o Mark sheets or birth certificates to b. The LADO campaign has the following Administrative action through police b. components.The LADO campaign has the following o interventions. components: not the medical certificate. o AdministrativeProvide instantaction support through and action
• Prohibitionpolice against interventions.of child child marriage: marriage. Community Sensitization • CommunityTraining of Sensitization core group members o Provide instant support and action Promotional campaign • Training of core group members against child marriage. c. FollowingPrevention key of stepschild marriage.were followed in • Promotional campaign c. implementingFollowing key this steps initiative: were followed in • PreventionCitizens Engagementof child marriage. and dialogue: implementing this initiative: o
Nurturing and mentoring children as o o Nurturing and mentoring children • CitizensBrand Engagement Ambassadors and dialogue: /change Agents. asTimely Brand prevention Ambassadors of child /changemarriages Figure 3. 4: Provide instant support o Agents.before event through counselling. Online monitoring of LADO victims. o CapacityTimely building prevention of ofstake child holders: marriages Figure 3.4: Provide instant support before event through counselling.
25Page 27 Research and Evaluation Study
o Creation of help desk.
raising a powerful community force o forEstablish advocacy. dialogue with citizens for
children, core group members, • communityIncentives and for implementers. exemplary work by
Figure 3.5: Involvement of Service Provider training for employment/self- • employmentFacilities of for school rehabilitation education, of victims skill of child marriage.
based web portal. lado.mpwe.in • Online monitoring: Developed an android 3.5 Key Study Findings: To understand the initiative, opinions of strategy designers and the programme facilitators at district and block level were Figure 3.6: Rally against Child Marriage collected. Opinion of the community regarding effectiveness of LADO Campaign were also collected and the same is presented below:
a. Source of Information for age at marriage:
T.V. and wall writings were main source of information to the community on the subject.
Table No. 01: Source of Information Source % Newspaper 17.9% Figure 3.7: Oath taking function Radio 17.9% • Timely Prevention of Child Marriage: TV 25% o Counselling of parents and elders of Wall Writings 25% the family. ICDS/ Health Worker 17.9% Other Government Worker 17.9% Others 88% Total N=56
b. Reasons of Child Marriage:
When asked about the reasons for marrying their children at younger age, 42.9% parents expressed fear of love affairs of the children Figure 3.8: Awareness among school children
26 Research and Evaluation Study as major reason. This was followed by e. Modes of Community Mobilization availabilityResearch of and funds Evaluation (28.6%) Studyand fear of not under LADO : gettingResearch suitable and Evaluationmatch at higher Study age (14.3%).
The LADO campaign need to address these issues too in next phase. It sensitized them by following models: 70.0% 64.3% Mahila 60.0% Sashaktikaran 70.0% 64.3% TeamMahila Visit 50.0% 42.9% SashaktikaranVillages 60.0% Inform through Research40.0% and Evaluation Study28.6% Banners, Team Visit Organising 50.0% 42.9% Posters are Villages 30.0% ThemeInform based through displayed Rallies 40.0%20.0% 14.3% 28.6% Banners, Organising 30.0% Posters are Theme based 10.0% displayed Modes of Organise 14.3% Distribute FunctionsRallies on 20.0% 0.0% Community Pamphlet in the Mobilization Mangal Divas 10.0% 64.3% Village Modes of DescribingOrganise 70.0% Distribute underMahila LADO Functions on SashaktikaranCommunity about LADO 0.0% Pamphlet in the Mangal Divas 60.0% MTeamobiliz Visitation Village Describing 50.0% 42.9% Stage Nukkad unVillagesder LADO ThroughInformabout Help through LADO Natak 40.0% 28.6% Banners, line NumbersOrganising 30.0% Posters are Theme based Stagedisplayed Nukkad 20.0%Figure 3. 14.3%9: Reasons for child Marriages. Conduct ThroughRallies Help Natak Meeting in line Numbers 10.0% SchoolsModes of Organise c. Sources of Information about averting Distribute Community Functions on Figure0.0% 3. 9: Reasons for child Marriages. Pamphlet in the Conduct Mangal Divas Figure 3.9:Child Reasons Marriages: for Child Marriages MMeetingobilizat iinon Village under LADO Describing 32.1% respondents came to know through Schools about LADO c. Sources of Information about averting 3.6 Strengths of the Initiative: c. SourcesTV scrolls, of Information28.6% by TV talk about shows, averting 14.3% by 3.6 Strengths of the Initiative: Childradio Marriages: jingles and 3.6% by film shows. Stage Nukkad Through Help 32.1%Child Marriagesrespondents: came to know through Natak line Numbers Through the traditional media 60.8% came to 3.6 Strengths of the Initiative: TV scrolls, 28.6% by TV talk shows, 14.3% by Perceptible change in the mindset of people. 32.1%Figure know3.respondents 9: Reasons about child for came childmarriages Marriages.to know where throughas 28.6% people. Conduct radio jingles and 3.6% by film shows. Citizen’s engagementdialogueMeeting in to ensure TV scrolls,through 28.6% NukkadNatak, by TV talk 17.9% shows, through 14.3% Role by • Perceptible changeSchools in the mindset of c. Sources of Information about averting success. ThroughPlays and the 14.3%traditi onalthrough media local 60.8% folk media. came to Perceptible change in the mindset of people. knowChild aboutMarriages: child marriages where as 28.6% Sensitization of various service providers success.Citizen’s engagementdialogue to ensure through32.1% respondents NukkadNatak, came 17.9% to know through through Role • Citizen’slike Caterers engagement House Providers, dialogue Priests, to ensure Band Throughd. Evidence the traditional for Age of media the Child 60.8% in LADO came: to 3.6 success.Strengths of the Initiative: radioPlaysTV jingles Beforescrolls, and and 14.3% LADO28.6% 3.6% through theby by TVmedical film talk local shows.shows, certificatefolk media.14.3% was by Party, Printing Press Owners etc. knowradio about jingles child and marriages 3.6% by film where shows. as 28.6% considered as validation document, but likeChildrenSensitization Caterers as brand ofHouse variousAmbassadors Providers, service to Priests,providerscreate Through the traditional media 60.8% came to throughLADO Nukkad focused Natak, on 17.9% other through sources Rolefor • SensitizationlonglikePerceptible termCaterers intergenerational change ofHouse various in Providers, the service mindsetequity. Priests, providers of people. Band d. knowEvidence about for child Age marriages of the Child where in LADO as 28.6%: Band Party, Printing Press Owners etc. validation. Such as 82.1% respondents said Citizen’s engagementdialogue to ensure PlaysBeforethrough and 14.3% LADO NukkadNatak, through the medical local 17.9% folkcertificate through media. Role was SimplicityParty, Printing of the Press programme Owners design etc. leading the mark sheet, 46.4% said the birth success. consideredPlays and 14.3% as validationthrough local document, folk media. but toChildren easyquick as adop brandtion. Ambassadors to create d. Evidencecertificate for and Age only of the3.6% Child said in that LADO: the LADO focused on other sources for longBuildinglongSensitization term term on intergenerationalintergenerational existing of various administrative service equity. equity. system providers medical certificate was used for age like Caterers House Providers, Priests, Band d. validation.Evidence forSuch Age as of 82.1% the Child respondents in LADO :said • ChildrenresultingSimplicity inas lowof brand the operational programme ambassadors cost. design to create leading validation. Party, Printing Press Owners etc. consideredtheBefore mark asLADO validationsheet, the medical46.4% document, saidcertificate butthe LADO birthwas to easyquick adoption. considered as validation document, but leadingChildren to aseasy brand and quickAmbassadors adoption. to create Beforecertificate LADO and the only medical 3.6% certificate said that wasthe 3.7 WeaknessesBuilding on ofexisting the Initiative: administrative system focusedmedicalLADO on other focusedcertificate sources on was forother validation.used sources for Suchagefor • Simplicitylong term intergenerational of the programme equity. design 3.6% Medical Certificates resulting in low operational cost. as 82.1%validation. respondents Such as 82.1% said therespondents mark sheet, said Simplicity of the programme design leading the mark sheet, 46.4% said the birth systemLackto easyquick of resultingpolicy adop and in tion.plan low foroperational withdrawal cost. of certificate28.6% and only 3.6% said that the Birth Certificates • 3.7 Buildingintervention. WeaknessesBuilding on on existing of existing the Initiative:administrative administrative system medical certificate46.4% was used for age resulting in low operational cost. 46.4%validation. said 3.6%the birth certificateMedical and Certificates only 3.6% 3.7 RequiresWeaknesses continuous of the Initiative:advocacy and age validation. said that the82.1% medical certificateMark Sheets was used for sensitization. 3.7 LackWeaknesses of policy of and the plan Initiative: for withdrawal of 28.6% Birth Certificates Building on existing administrative system 3.6%46.4% Medical Certificates leadsintervention. to dilution of efforts and also confusion Any other intervention. • LackasRequires every of policy department continuous and plan has itsfor own withdrawaladvocacy agenda to ofand Lack of policy and plan for withdrawal of Figure82.1%28.6% 3. 10: Documents dataMarkBirth for CertificatesSheets Age Validation fulfil.sensitization. 46.4% intervention. Building on existing administrative system DependenceRequires oncontinuous core group members.advocacy and e. Modes of Community Mobilization under • Requires continuous advocacy and 82.1% AnyMark other Sheets Oneleadssensitization. programme to dilution or of one efforts campaign and also for aconfusion short LADO : sensitization. durationasBuilding every ma departmentony notexisting change hasadministrative the its mindset. own agenda system to It sensitized them by following models: system leads to dilution of efforts and Figure 3. 10: Documents data for Age Validation fulfil.leads to dilution of efforts and also confusion Any other • alsoBuilding confusion on as existing every department administrative has Dependenceas every department on core group has its members. own agenda to e.Figure Modes 3. 10 :of Documents Community data Mobilization for Age Validation under Onefulfil. programme or one campaign for a short Figure 3.10: Documents data for Age Page 29 LADO : durationDependence may on not core change group the members. mindset. Validatione. ItModes sensitized of Community them by following Mobilization models: under its One own programme agenda to or fulfil. one campaign for a short LADO : • Dependenceduration ma yon not core change group the members. mindset. It sensitized them by following models: 27 Page 29 Page 29 Research and Evaluation Study
a short duration may not change the brand Ambassadors. • mindset.One programme or one campaign for • School children as change agents and
3.8 The Takeaways: • Rehabilitation of affected girls. for Government Jobs. 3.8.1 Process Takeaways: • Policy changes to make victims eligible
• Full Media support Administration with the campaign. • Citizen’s engagement and dialogue. • Involvement of political Leadership and • Change of perception and mindset service providers. members. of citizens/core group members and • Continued advocacy by core group
brand ambassador. 2.5 crore over 3 years. • Nurturing and mentoring children as • Low cost drive expenditure of only Rs.
for averting child marriages. • squad.Timely prevention of child marriage • MoWCD, GoI has a nationwide scheme through counselling by community flying level has involved the community and • developedFormation aof sense core groups of empowerment. of village/ward • Online monitoring of LADO victims. • Capacity building of stakeholders. 3.8.3 Replicability Takeaways: • Media support. • Girls who prevented their own marriage to be publicized as icons. • Emphasis on awareness creation. strengthened and implemented. as possible. • Governance Act, PCMA 2006 was • Use of as many modes of communication initiative. • Incentives for exemplary work. • Technology and software used in LADO portal- lado.mpwe.in • Development of android based web 3.8.2 Sustainability Takeaways: • Strategies adopted in LADO with due modification. • Introduction of Help Centre concept. members. • Special training programs for core • Training of service providers. providers like School Teachers, Sarpanch, empowered with respect to skills in • ReligiousSelection ofleaders, core membersAnganwadi and workers service • Core members have now become counselling. and providers of different services for marriage for creating awareness and help of Government machinery assigned involvement in the implementation of • thisCore job. members now know how to take the programme.
directorate of women empowerment. members and convincing them. • Part of regular annual action plan of the • Sensitization workshops for core group
basis. • Monitoring on monthly and quarterly • Motivation for good and exemplary work. departments. • Convergence of different line stakeholders. • Involvement and ownership of 28 Research and Evaluation Study
3.9 Way Forward for Replication of the Initiatives:
• Identification of team members for the initiative • Deploy persons with Mission mode approach, Faith in Community, Mobilization and Empowerment, 1 Dedication to the cause and form State Project Unit
• Situation Analysis and Assessment Phase • Analysis of child Marriage Trends, Identification of Stakeholders, Setting up Roles and Responsibilities 2
• Strategies for Involving Stakeholders • Social Pressure groups, IEC activities for Sensitization of Citizens, Involvement of Political leadership, Awareness 3 of School/College Students
• Effective Implementation of Action Plan • Appointment of Appropriate Authorities at State/District/Block level, Design Reporting Formats, Instant 4 Support and Action System, Online Monitoring System
• Preparing Model Initiative and Establishing Desired Outcome 5 • Phased Rollout of Campaign • Establish Programme Phases, Establish a Time Line, Detailed Media Plan, Awareness Campaign Advocacy 6 • Capacity Building • Training Plan at State/District/Block/Village/Ward level, Training Plan for NGO, Community Workers, 7 Workshop for Media, Publicizing the scheme
• Monitoring of Activities and Surveillance • Monitoring and Evaluation, Monthly/Quarterly Review, Feedback based Revision/Innovation, Dynamic web 8 based application for Fast and Real Time Data
• Rehabilitation Measures for Victims • Long Term Policy Measures, Girl Education/Health/Employment/Self Employment/Jobs in Govt./Private 9 Sector • Agreement Upon and Adoption of Guidelines • Involve State and District Level Leadership, Sensitization with data and situations 10 • Planning and Budgeting • Development of Activity Plans, Preparation of Budgets and its approval, GOI Schemes, PPP, CSR Funds be 11 explored, Conduct of Logical Framework Approach Workshop
• Creating Enabling Environment • Participatory and Empowering Approach, Innovation Supportive Organization Culture, Promotion of Team 12 Work, Monitoring the Implementation of Innovation, Knowledge Sharing and networking
29 Research and Evaluation Study
• Enabling Adoption by Stakeholders • Sharing of Knowledge, Placing Teams to replicate Initiative, Formulation of Adoption Policy, Process and 13 Framework, Measure and Report Progress
• Dissemination of Results • Documents to be shared at larger platform, Plan State and Country level workshops for experience sharing 14
• Sustainability Measures for the Initiative • Institutionalization of the Initiative, Promotion of stakeholder’s Ownership, Capacity building, Sustainable Economic Resources, Withdrawal Plans, Establishing Communication Network, Balanced and Equitable 15 Distribution of Benefits
3.10 Best Fit-Success story from Rajasthan: place in child marriage. “Akha Teej” is the day when innocent children are also married there. The interventions focusto prevent on entire child state. marriages But the the strategy state wereadopted studied in Rajasthan as the state is unable still holds to involve first the community and could not increase their participation as in LADO of MP. Therefore, for best fit and replication LADO is strongly recommended.
30 Research and Evaluation Study
4.0 SAKALA- ‘No More Delays- We Deliver on Time’ (Karnataka)
4.1 Introduction and Context of only 15 to 20% of it. “Perform or perish” – was Governance Initiative: the clear signs that bureaucrats read and made them to welcome the Service Guarantee Act. SAKALA is an initiative which assures timely The mission mode of implementing the Act with the slogan ‘No more delays, we deliver In all, SAKALA offers 725 services under on time’ highlighted the commitment of the variousdelivery departments of government which services are sought to citizens. after Government to service delivery. getting what they want in predicated time period.by the This citizens. initiative In short, was implemented it is a service very in systematically.
In the beginning 151 services from 11 departments were included in SAKALA. There after it was increased to 265. The number of services progressed to 375, 447, 478, 668, 678, 688, 706, 721 and now 725 from 61 departments. This showed the dynamic Figure 4.2: The Logo of SAKALA characteristic of the initiative. 4.3 Objectives of Governance Initiative: “One Act Many Reforms” Innovation BY the people, OF the The Karnataka Guarantee of Service to people, for the people Act (since November 2012) aims at: Citizens Act 2011, also referred to as SAKALA Reinventing Government to work for the
• Sakala in Kannada Means “ in-time citizens in true sense. or good-time”-coined by Citizens Swaraj i.e. enlightened and ethically • Empower citizens to meet the goals of guided self-governance using a Right- Figure 4.1: SAKALA- “No more delays - We deliver based approach. on time”
4.2 Problem Definition: the powers with the people to command • Democratise administration by vesting There was the growing realisation of the accountability. bureaucrats that the citizens were finding it • Make Government functioning as they “found the public servants to be information technology and performance unpleasant to go to the government offices transparent and efficient with the use of impersonal, paper oriented and could get measurement system using a portal. away when they did not deliver services on time and/or when they did not deliver at all.” The grievance redressal mechanisms too were • Bring certainty in service delivery by getting restricted to registering grievances at fixing time frames and workflows, systems. standardizing norms, procedures and the Chief Ministers Office which could address 31 Research and Evaluation Study
responsibility of the service providers government and the employees along in • throughEnsure a accountability system of rewards by fixingand • theTo take process all stakeholders of reform. – the citizen, the punishments. processes and norms to achieve the • To reform administrative systems, mechanism through a single window purpose of the project. • Provide efficient grievance redressal 4.5 Key Study Findings: citizen-government interface. inducing change in work culture. Level of Satisfaction under SAKALA: • Curb corruption by strict monitoring and 4.4 Implementation Strategy services provided under SAKALA. Adopted: 91% citizens expressed happiness over the Table No. 01: Access to the Redressal Services project is to deliver public services on Redressal Services % • time.The first and foremost priority of the Problem was satisfactorily solved 90.9 It could not be solved 1.5 governance by creating awareness • Involve public participation in Called another time 3.0 Referred to higher ups 3.0 among the citizens and empower them Total N=65 by using citizen charter and media to avail the services without difficulty.
Figure 4.4: Hassle-free Service delivery
4.6 Strengths of the Initiative: Figure 4.3: Citizen Charter technical and attitudinal training to the • To provide right aptitude, knowledge, actual service provider. system to monitor and evaluate the • serviceMission deliveries. has adopted a very effective system for service delivery across all • departments,To use IT to createso as to a ensure single monitoringfull control were evident to ensure continual over the project outcomes. • improvement.Top-bottom drive and Commitment
• Charters.To fix realistic time frames and work personal services and employee flows for each service vis-à-vis the citizen • compensationMechanism with found respect as a strong to employee feature
• delivery.To fix accountability on every single official responsible for each service • Highly citizen focused
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via data, trends and related KPI’s yet provider and demand driven. The following improvements are needed. • The system is flexible as well as service services started from 165 and reached to o A roadmap has to be established to 725 services today. enlarge the number of services that are covered under SAKALA from done by SAKALA. the current departments as well • Re-engineering of 135 services were as bring in other departments in different departments are continued Government of Karnataka under the • inOn SAKALA line services without provided disturbing earlier their by ambit of SAKALA. processing. SAKALA was integrated at o Management reviews, M&E is entry and exit stages only. Thus autonomy carried out periodically but few of the departments was restored. This observations were made. helped in developing ownership of line o The operational level MIS is effective departments. in SAKALA but at tacticalstrategic level it lacks. o Therefore, proper MIS and M&E • Majority of team members including motivated to achieve objectives. systems need to be developed at service providers in the field were found this stage. 4.7 Weaknesses of the Initiative:
needs improvement. Few departments • havingEffectiveness smaller of number training of service and evaluation seekers were lacking in capacity building such as Urban Development Authorities at the district level.
Figure 4.5: The operational level MIS • trainingSome of to the become service SAKALA providers System and friendlydistrict on level computer/online officers needed processing more and features of the system. the department to suggest the inclusion. • TheirFor including participation new servicesbecomes it isessential. always against attrition and new recruitments, There is formal way of identifying new • thereFor taking should care be ofregular the training batches need of services for inclusion. training.
• It was observed that the systematic in 3 stages. But the same person did not was no formal training on BPR to team approach for BPR is not defined. There • attendThe training all the under three SAKALAstages. was planned members. It takes months to accept BPR Changes. It’s needed for current services at one hand and on the other before including new services, pre orientation including new services into SAKALA • shouldBefore thebe done Government as of now order they is are issued trained for System. only after order is issued.
withdrawal from project strategy was documented, understood and supported • For ensuring sustainability the • Though responsibility and authority is
not defined. It needs to be developed33 Research and Evaluation Study
along with intervention strategy. departments. It was reported that it was initiated from higher to low level as it was triggered from CM’s Janta Darbar and lead by • Following were the main shortfalls CS. At the same time the system kept all the o Those who got notices from SAKALA identified during study in the field. concerned employees well informed about did not support the mission, they each stage of the service request. This created need to be managed and motivated. an atmosphere where the service providers o The next level after second appeal is knew that the status of each service be known to everyone concerned. o Sometimes it was observed that DIT not defined. • Awareness and Community and other reports bypass the next Mobilization: reporting levels. o At lower level the excessive delay Different departments of prepared separate takes place. o The Municipal Corporations do not common mode for creating awareness. citizen charters/display boards as the support the SAKALA and bye pass Government of Karnataka directives were many of the activities. Therefore another mode for creating awareness. Thirdly, the documents given by Municipal releasing Ads in TV, display of hoardings, local Corporations should only be given workshops, monthly janta darshan/public under digital signature by online grievance handling meetings on 1st Saturday system. Research and Evaluation Study of every month were the common mode of o In Municipal Corporation services communication for SAKALA.
due to certain issues. Therefore • Solving grievances of Citizens: The Municipal Corporations do not month were the common mode of o forare verySAKALA slow separate as reported selection by citizens, and support the SAKALA and bye pass communication for SAKALA. manytraining of the isactivities. required. Therefore the The methods of redressing the community documents given by Municipal grievances Solving were grievances effective. of Citizens: Only less than 10% Corporations should only be given The methods of redressing the community manner in which services are delivered under digital signature by online grievances were effective. Only less than • byAn act11 thatdifferent focuses departments on impacting across the grievance handling. Toll free number was system. citizens10% were citizens not awarewere ofnot the aware provisions of the for o variousIn Municipal districts Corporation of the servicesstate is arenot a allocatedprovisions and operativefor grievance on handling. PPP mode Toll as free held very slow as reported by citizens, due number was allocated and operative on onetime solution. The system has to be desk. to certain issues. Therefore for systematically improved upon till the PPP mode as held desk. SAKALA separate selection and delivery begins to serve the ultimate training is required. 70.0% 60.6% An act that focuses on impacting the 60.0% manner in which services are delivered by 50.0% 11direction,purpose different ofdepartmentsIIMB’s citizens suggestions being across the various are satisfied still 40.0% districtsbeneficiaries of the state of states is not services. a onetime In this 30.0% solution.valid. The system has to be 20.0% 10.6% 10.6% 6.1% 9.1% systematically improved upon till the 10.0% 3.0% 0.0% 4.8delivery The begins Takeaways: to serve the ultimate purpose of citizens being the satisfied 4.8.1beneficiaries Process ofTakeaways: states services. In this direction, IIMB’s suggestions are still valid. • Transforming Work Culture: 4.8 The Takeaways: Figure 4. 6: Type of provisions for grievance The SAKALA needed change in approach Figureredressal 4.6: for TypeCitizens of provisions for grievance for services delivery among employees of 4.8.1 Process Takeaways: Managing the change: redressal for Citizens 34 Transforming Work Culture: o The participation of stakeholders was The SAKALA needed change in approach for ensured by formulating an Act services delivery among employees of followed by capacity building and departments. It was reported that it was empowerment of stakeholders. The initiated from higher to low level as it was help centres were established at triggered from CM’s JantaDarwar and lead by district level. It was piloted in few CS. At the same time the system kept all the districts first. concerned employees well informed about o Team formation in each department each stage of the service request. This created was done by department itself. an atmosphere where the service providers o Sense of healthy competition was knew that the status of each service be known developed among the employees. to everyone concerned. o The online services were already being processed in 5 popular departments. Awareness and Community Only a little effort was needed to Mobilization: provide SAKALA services. Different Departments prepared separate o Flexibility in approach and strong Citizen Charters/ Display Boards as the leadership was another strength. common mode for creating awareness. GoK o The senior Principal Secretary (PS) directives were another mode for creating Level officer was heading the Mission awareness. Thirdly releasing Ads in TV, and the personal relationship is Display of Hoardings, Local Workshops, maintained with the partner Monthly JantaDarshan / Public Grievance organizations. Handling Meetings on 1st Saturday of every
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• Managing the change: and help desks at Taluka level were established. o The participation of stakeholders was ensured by formulating an Act followed by capacity building and o The focus on standardization, empowerment of stakeholders. The line and mechanism was more as simplification, process flow, time help centres were established at against the old system. district level. It was piloted in few o Technology was leveraged. o It was value addition for each o Team formation in each department stakeholder rather than creating districts first. was done by department itself. additional workload. o Sense of healthy competition was o Cyber Café was recognised as help developed among the employees. desk. o The online services were already o Cooperation among the public being processed in 5 popular servants was excellent. departments. Only a little effort was 4.8.2 Sustainability Takeaways: needed to provide SAKALA services. o Flexibility in approach and strong initiated in 2011 and is continuing even leadership was another strength. • todayThe SAKALA and being initiative managed in Karnataka in a Mission was o The senior Principal Secretary Level mode. The workload it manages is linked
and the personal relationship isofficer maintained was heading with the Missionpartner to citizen services and citizens were aboutfound satisfied9.5 crores with of theapplications. services during This o Media and politicians have provesthe field its study. potential By for now sustainability. it has handled organizations. participated in advocacy adequately. The CM and Law Minister have made a point in advocating SAKALA inall • dynamicThe systems in nature and procedures which enhances developed its their meetings and political events. potentialfor its implementation for sustainability. are flexible and o Establishment of an independent Call Centre/ Help Centre/ Help Desk. departments were not disturbed for their Call Center No. 080-44554455. 30- • existingThe system systems was so of developed services delivery. that the Theline 35000 calls are received in a month. SAKALA System only linked to fetch the The call centre works from 9 to 6 for entry and exit level of desired services. all 7 days. It has allowed the autonomy to line departments. Therefore, the resistance displayed. to change as experienced by them was o Each office has a charter of Services o Monitoring the rejection was added least on one hand and on the other it had as a M&E feature to reduce the helped in monitoring and controlling of rejection of applications to save subordinates in services delivery. This faces. Strengthened trust in the too enhances the sustainability. system. o Retired employees were involved on providers of line department and • SAKALAThe participation functionaries ofwas thealso ensured service
voluntary basis to help the citizen 35 Research and Evaluation Study
from identifying the needs of inclusion of training the service providers and team of any new services, its operation members at district and taluka level. The and management till deciding service service providers are trained for any new delivery period. The level of participation services taken on SAKALA platform. For had led to ownership and highest level of replication the training strategy used in commitment SAKALA can be used but training back ground material need to be developed or application is proportionately much • The cost of services delivery per while replication. modified for state specific requirements by way of time loss in travel expenses andlower loss than due the to cost delay. borne Therefore, by the citizen it is that few of the departments were not • developedDuring field for observation, their capacity it wasto handle found at much lower cost. the services whereas key departments sustainable due to citizen’s convenience got main focus in capacity building as a nationwide scheme called e-district well as for monitoring and evaluation. • forThe similar DEITY, objectives. Government If this of India, initiative has is dovetailed with e-district it may be one must decentralise the management further more sustainable. • usingHaving selective a lesson control learnt tools from i.e. SAKALA, ABC, 4.8.3 Replicability Takeaways: Analysis, FSN Analysis or VED Analysis rather leaving less sought departments untouched.
• country.The types Therefore, of services the initiative covered underhas a aimed at reforming the administrative potentialSAKALA are for common replication. to all citizens of the • setSAKALA, up for Right ensuring to Services good governance, Act 2011, creating a single monitoring system of services were carried out from decades • The experiments of time bound delivery at an individual level but not to this scale for each service delivery. It also aimed and not to the level of Services Guarantee for service delivery, fixing time lines Act. But technological advancements and at fixing accountability on a single successful at the larger scale. Secondly, servicesofficial responsibleas a matter of for right, the reducing service, citizens awareness level has made it there were many departments who humanempowering interface the by citizen use toof information avail of the computerised the services delivery much technology and preventing corrupt earlier than SAKALA. Therefore, the practices and enhance government states who have a few of their department providing on line services, may replicate this initiative with these departments in climateefficiencies. be Thereforeascertained before and replication parallely the beginning and slowly encompassing theof the interventions SAKALA initiative of managing organizational change other services into its net of Services among service providers be made. As the Guarantee Act. be different than in the replicating state. organizational climate in Karnataka may • The SAKALA has very strong component
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4.9 Way Forward for Replication of the Initiative:
• Identification of Team Members • Persons with Mission Mode Approach, Faith in Community Mobilization, Community empowerment and 1 Team Building, Positive Multitasking Environment
• Situation Analysis • Selection of Services for Guaranteed Delivery, Study Available Documents Ascertain the elements for Supporting 2 Change, Priority for most sought after Services
• State Services Guarantees Act • Identify Key Stakeholders, Participatory Meeting of Stakeholders, Redefine Objectives and Role present before 3 stakeholder, Modify the Act, if Needed, Passing of Act by State Assembly, Prepare Guidelines for Implementation
• Establishing Strategic Plan Framework • Fine-tune the Process of Implementation, Consider State Priorities and work Culture, Prepare Strategic Plan framework, Ensure Effective Leadership, Inclusiveness, Empowerment and Commitment, Setting Targets and 4 Creating Conducive Environment, M&E Mechanism, Reward System for Accountability and Innovativeness
• Coordination and Integration into Policy Framework • Consider Existing Schemes of State/GoI, Integrate the Schemes and Coordinate during Implementation 5 • Agreement Upon and Adoption of Guidelines • Involve the Leadership, Inform and Sensitize with Data and Situations, Prepare Guidelines, Organize workshops 6 and Meeting with stakeholders, Modify Guidelines and Action Plans, if Need be
• Planning and Budgeting • Prepare budgets, Consider All Sources of Funds, The DEITY, GOI Scheme on e-Governance, PP Partnership, 7 CSR Funds be Explored, Approval of Appropriate Authorities
• Creating Enabling Environment • Participatory and Empowering Approach, Hand holding Support for Computerization, Re-engineering of the Systems and Procedures of Service Delivery, Organisationed Culture Supportive of Innovation, Promotion 8 of Team Work, Lifelong Learning, Monitoring the Implementation of Innovation, Knowledge Sharing and Networking
• Enabling Adoption by Stakeholders • Sharing of Knowledge among Stakeholders, Facilitators and Target beneficiaries, Publicity of Services by Popular Media Channels, Training and Putting in place the Team, Formulate Clear Implementation Policy and 9 Protocols, Measure and Report Progress
• Implementation of Activity Plan • Prepare Activity Plan, Identify and Train Facilitators 10 • Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) of Interventions • Develop Monitoring Indicators, Prepare Plans for Base line, Mid line and Endline Evaluation 11
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• Documentation Plan in Broad Diverse Form • Develop Strategy for Documentation, Formalize Sharing of the Experiences 12 • Dissemination of Results • Plan State Level/Country Level Workshop to Share the Experiences. 13 • Sustainability Measures for the Initiative • Institutionalization of Initiative, Promotion of Ownership by Stakeholders, Capacity Building, Sustainable Economic Resources, Plan for Withdrawal of Intervention Team, Establishment of Communication Networks, 14 Balanced Equitable Distribution of Benefits
4.10 Best Fit – Service Guaranty Act of MP and Bihar We studied the Services Guarantee Act of MP and Bihar to make a comparative analysis between SAKALA and other states. We found SAKALA has better features than other states. The number of services under SAKALA is today more than 725 where as in other states there are less than 150 services. For replication SAKALA is an excellent model.
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5.0 Rationalization of Affidavits for Reforming Public Service Delivery System (Punjab)
5.1 Introduction and Context of Governance Initiative: locatinghave to bea deed produced. writer, Affidavits payment toimpose Notary their for attestationown cost on besides citizens, harassment buying of causedstamp paper,to the interface through Suwidha Centres since 2005.Punjab Analysis has Government of transactions Citizen of services Service through these Suwidha Centres was done and citizens. it was found that out of 22.68 lakh services delivered through Suwidha Centres 14.8
It was found that during school and college admissionslakh pertained and toapplication attestation for ofgovernment Affidavits. services, the students and employment
Reformsseekers flood Commission to government suggested offices moving to get theirfrom certificates attested. The Punjab Governance FigureHigh 5.2: FormTransaction of Affidavit Cost: processes involves movement of papers Affidavits and Attestation of documents by Attestation Regime. • from the front desk toThe the verification verifying Gazetted officers to a Self Declaration and Self
especiallyofficials. Thisin terms results of time in but substantial also the transaction cost not only for the citizens
officials. Multiple visits and travel to differentUneven officesTreatment: further Ruraladds toapplicants the costs.
• involving the resources department and are subjected to two sets of verification
Figure 5.1: Logo of Project PRI officials whereas in the urban areas 5.2 Problem Definition: only the elected officials are entrusted with the verification. have to prove their identity. For declarations Following 4 deficits were the major factors of relatingEven after to 67 their years profession, of independence, income, citizens caste affidavits: on legal papers sworn before a Magistrate or publicresidence notary. proof Even etc. affidavitsto procure are ration to be cards,given electricity, sewerage and water connection, for admission to educational institutions, birth and death certificates, application third Party or Public Notary or Magistrate affidavits attested by Gazetted Officers or
Figure 5.3: Affidavits signify Governance Deficit 39 Research and Evaluation Study
Research5.3 Objectives and Evaluation of the GovernanceStudy 5.4 Implementation Strategy Initiative: Adopted:
5.3 Objectives of the Governance 5.4 Implementation Strategy Adopted: • Initiative:To ease interaction of the state vis-à-vis claims, entitlements and the basic rights. citizens in terms of realization of the To ease interaction of the state vis-à-vis state and the people. • Tocitizens establish in aterms visible of connection realization between of the claims, entitlements and the basic rights. populationTo establis h aresulting visible connection into inclusionbetween • experience.Tos tate respect and the identity people. and dignity of the To respect identity and dignity of the population resulting into inclusion paper,experience locating. a deed writer, payment to Figure 5.4: Meeting with Stakeholders • theToTo reduce Notary reduce cost etc. cost on on the the citizenscitizens onon buyingbuying paper, locating a deed writer, payment to the Notary etc. Figure 5.4: Meeting with Stakeholders forTo need provide based services.a valid alternative to • Toaffidavits provide afor valid need alternative based services. to affidavits
Step-I: Situation Analysis Step-II: Self-Declaration Regime: Preparation phase
Field surveys in Districts and Three specimens of self- Sub-Divisions - Generated declaration were also •matrix of services, pertaining •finalized: to furnishing of affidavit For getting Government Analyse the possible services from Departments/ alternatives for replacing the •Local Bodies/ Autonomous •requirement of an affidavit for Institutions. services, where not required. For getting admissions in Measured probable educational institutions. consequences in case of •For getting employment in •omitting the submission of Government/ Local Bodies/ affidavit for such services. •Autonomous Organizations. PGRC accordingly prepared a Application forms were comprehensive report drafted containing an •indicating two set of services •undertaking/ declaration that a. where mandatory as per law facts stated are true and (12 Services) correct to best of knowledge •b. local practice, not and belief. provisioned in law (89 The Government Order (GO) •services) for replacing affidavit with •self-attestation as no legal bindings were associated in identified 89 services were issued.
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Research and Evaluation Study Research and Evaluation Study
Research and Evaluation Study Step-III: Self Declaration Step-IV: Abolition of Affidavits: Self Regime: Sensitization of all Attestation Abolition of Affidavits Step-III: Self Declaration StepPost-IV: implementation Abolition of Affidavits: review Self Regime:stakeholders Sensitization of all Attestation Abolition of Affidavits 5.3 Objectives of the Governance 5.4 Implementation Strategy Adopted: stakeholders Post implementation review Initiative: CS convened meetings with Instructions to School CSAdministrative convened meetings Secretaries with InstructionsEducation, Medical to School Education, Administrative• Sensitization SecretariesProgrammes Education,•Technical MedicalEducation Education, and Technical Education and • Sensitizationand Awareness Programmes programmes • Industrial Training, Higher To ease interaction of the state vis-à-vis and Awareness programmes Industrial Training, Higher for general public through Education and Languages and citizens in terms of realization of the •for• general public through Education and Languages and print & electronic media at Social Welfare issued. claims, entitlements and the basic rights. print & electronic media at Social Welfare issued. variousvarious levels levels were were launched. launched. AllAll prospectus, prospectus, brochures brochures for for To establish a visible connection between admissionadmission to to various various state and the people. •institutions/•institutions/ universities/ universities/ collegescolleges under under the the jurisdiction jurisdiction To respect identity and dignity of the were studied and corrective population resulting into inclusion directives/were studied guidelines and corrective to such experience. institutionsdirectives/ were guidelines issued to by such Departmentinstitutions of were Governance issued by To reduce cost on the citizens on buying Reforms.Department of Governance paper, locating a deed writer, payment to DirectionsReforms. to all DCs for the Notary etc. Figure 5.4: Meeting with Stakeholders regularDirections monitoring to all DCs of fordelivery To provide a valid alternative to •ofregular citizen monitoring services were of delivery issued. Authorities to do away the affidavits for need based services. submission•of citizen services of Affidavits were whereissued. •notAuthorities required to were do away instructed. the submission of Affidavits where •not required were instructed. Step-I: Situation Analysis Step-II: Self-Declaration Regime: Preparation phase 5.5 Key Study Findings: Advertisements, flexi boards were also indicated 5.5 Key Study Findings: indicatedas the sources as the of sourcesinformation. of information. Field surveys in Districts and Three specimens of self- Sub-Divisions - Generated declaration were also Advertisements, flexi boards were also indicated •matrix of services, pertaining •finalized: a.a. 5.5 Awareness KeyAwareness Study Generation: Findings: Generation: 36.5% The awareness among the citizen was found poor as40.0% the sources of information. to furnishing of affidavit For getting Government which needs advocacy and awareness 30.0% 21.2% Analyse the possible services from Departments/ 20.0% developmenta. Awareness efforts. Generation:Only 58% were found aware 7.7% alternatives for replacing the •Local Bodies/ Autonomous 10.0% 36.5%5.8% 5.8% aboutThepoor awareness thewhich modification needs among advocacy ofthe verif citizenication andwas rules. foundawareness poor 40.0% 1.9% 1.9% •requirement of an affidavit for Institutions. The awareness among the citizen was found 0.0% whichdevelopment needs efforts.Onlyadvocacy 58%and wereawareness found 30.0% 21.2% services, where not required. For getting admissions in b. Source of Information about Modification: development efforts.Only 58% were found aware 20.0% Measured probable educational institutions. Majority of 36.5% respondents came to know 5.8% 7.7% 5.8% consequences in case of •For getting employment in aboutaboutrules. modification the modification through of verif newspaperication rules. followed 10.0% 1.9% 1.9% •omitting the submission of Government/ Local Bodies/ by aware 21.2% about through the other modification sources. Radio, of verification TV PRI 0.0% notice board and NGOs/CSOs also disseminated affidavit for such services. •Autonomous Organizations. b. Source of Information about Modification: Figure 5. 6: Source of Information informationb. Source accor dingof to Informationsome respondents. about Figure 5.5: Source of Information PGRC accordingly prepared a Application forms were Majority of 36.5% respondents came to know Modification: comprehensive report drafted containing an about modification through newspaper followed d. Awareness throughIPC by Opinion Leader: indicating two set of services c. Communication on Rationalization of d.NGOs, Awareness Government through workers IPCand bymembers Opinion of • •undertaking/ declaration that by 21.2% through other sources. Radio, TV PRI MajorityAffidavits: of 36.5% respondents came to PRI/ Sarpanch were least involved in creating a. where mandatory as per law facts stated are true and Radionotice Jingles, board TVand scrolls NGOs/CSOs and TV also talk disseminatedshows were Leader: awarenessFigure 5. 6 or: Source advocacy of Information as is shown in figure. (12 Services) correct to best of knowledge alsoinformation the source accor dingof toinformation some respondents. on the NGOs, Government workers and members of and belief. •b. local practice, not rationalization followed by 21.2%of affidavits. through Local other folk sources.media, Research and Evaluation Study provisioned in law (89 The Government Order (GO) PRI/d. Awareness Sarpanch werethroughIPC least involved by Opinion in creating Leader: c.Radio,know Communication about TV PRI modification notice on board Rthroughationalization and NGOs/CSOs newspaper of •services) for replacing affidavit with NGOs, Government workers and members of Affidavits: •self-attestation as no legal also disseminated information according to PRI/ Sarpanch were least involved in creating Radio Jingles, TV scrolls and TV talk shows were Page 43 The quality of services and satisfaction was bindings were associated in awarenessawareness or or advocacy advocacy as isis shown shown in in figure. figure. alsosome respondents.the source of information on the excellent for Personnel Certificate(17.3%) identified 89 services were 3.8% Members of PRIs/ rationalization of affidavits. Local folk media, respondents followed by home (11.5%) Land issued. Sarpanchs c. Communication on Rationalization of Records and Police, (7.7% each) Agriculture 1.9% Affidavits: Government andWater Supply (5.8% each). Very good rating 13.5% Workers for Health and Local Government (9.6%) Page 43 Radio Jingles, TV scrolls and TV talk shows followed by Social Security and Land Records NGOs were also the source of information on the (7.7% each). The poor rating was given to Police Department.
FigureFigure 5.6:5. 7 : IPCIPC by Opinion LeaderLeader i. Quality Indicators: Page 42 rationalization of affidavits. Local folk media,
Advertisements, flexi boards were also e. Activities to Sensitize the Community: 41 The sensitization of the community was found Improvement in Delivery Time of poor. Through Electronic Media, Radio, Cinema Service: 36.5% respondents who availed Shows Social Media, Print Media and Internet the service think improvement in the Services the community was sensitized. delivery time. Better feedback:7.7% respondents think of getting better feedback Improvement in Measurable 1.9% Advt. & Radio Indicators: 15.4% respondents think Cinema Show, Social that there is improvement in measurable 3.8% Media, Electronic Media. indicators. News Paper Simplified Procedures: 28.8% 3.8% respondents think that there is TV Show simplification of procedures.(Table No- 1.9% 01) Web Site, News Paper 1.9% Table No-01: Opinion on different aspects of services. Figure 5. 8: Activities to Sensitize the Community Name of the Departments Availed Not Availed f. Suggestions of respondents to Improve Improvement in delivery time 36.5% 0 the Service: of services Create more awareness. Better Feed back 7.7% 0 Make more Suwidha Centres. Improvement in Measurable 15.4% 1.9% Improve communication Indicators Include more departments and services. Simplified Procedures 28.8% 1.9% We also got suggestions to modify the KRAs 1.9% 0 procedures for affidavits. The only suggestion Total N=52 obtained was including services for doing away with affidavits. 5.6 Strengths of the Initiative:
g. Services Availed: All the services were not availed by the Highly citizen oriented initiative. community. It may be because poor status of Easy realization of claims, entitlements and availability and awareness. Main serviceavailed basic rights. was personnel certificate (42.3%). Other Improvement in delivery time of services. Services were also availed by a few respondents Establishes connection between the state and only. the citizen. Respect to the identity and dignity of the h. Rating Quality of Service: citizen.
Page 44 Research and Evaluation Study
The quality of services and satisfaction was excellent for Personnel Certificate(17.3%) 3.8% Members of PRIs/ respondents followed by home (11.5%) Land Sarpanchs Records and Police, (7.7% each) Agriculture 1.9% Government andWater Supply (5.8% each). Very good rating 13.5% Workers for Health and Local Government (9.6%) followed by Social Security and Land Records NGOs Research and Evaluation Study (7.7% each). The poor rating was given to Police Department. e.Figure Activities 5. 7: IPC toby OpinionSensitize Leader the Community: rating for Health and Local Government i. Quality Indicators: (9.6%) followed by Social Security and Land e. Activities to Sensitize the Community: The sensitization of the community was found Records (7.7%Improveme each).nt The in poorDelivery rating Time was of poor. Through Electronic Media, Radio, Cinema Service: 36.5% respondents who availed Thepoor. sensitization Through Electronic of the community Media, Radio, was Cinema found given to Police Department. ShowsShows Social Social Media, Media, Print Print Media Media and and Internet Internet the service think improvement in the delivery time. Services the community was sensitized. i. Quality Indicators: Better feedback:7.7% respondents Services the community was sensitized. think of getting better feedback Improvement in Measurable 1.9% Advt. & Radio 36.5% respondents who availed the • ImprovementIndicators: in delivery15.4% respondentstime of Service: think Cinema Show, Social servicethat therethink is improvementimprovement in measurablein the 3.8% Media, Electronic Media. deliveryindicators. time. News Paper Simplified Procedures: 28.8% 3.8% respondents think that there is TV Show of gettingsimplifica bettertion feedback of procedures.(Table No- • Better feedback:7.7% respondents think 1.9% 01) Web Site, News Paper 15.4% respondents think that there is 1.9% • TableImprovement No-01: Opinion in Measurable on different Indicators: aspects of services.improvement in measurable indicators. Figure 5. 8: Activities to Sensitize the Community Name of the Departments Availed Not Availed f. Suggestions of respondents to Improve respondents think that there is f.Figure Suggestions 5.7: Activities toof Sensitize respondents the Community to Improvement in delivery time 36.5% 0 the Service: • Simplifiedof services Procedures: 28.8% Improve Create the more Service: awareness. Better Feed back 7.7% 0 Table No. 01: Opinion on different aspects of Make more Suwidha Centres. simplificationImprovement in of Measurableprocedures. 15.4% 1.9% Improve communication services.Indicators Include more departments and services. Simplified Procedures 28.8% 1.9% • We Createalso moregot suggestionsawareness. to modify the NameKRAs of the Departments Availed1.9% Not 0 procedures for affidavits. The only suggestion Total N=52 Availed • obtainedMake wasmore including Suwidha services Centres. for doing away with affidavits. Improvement5.6 Strengths in delivery of the Initiative36.5%: 0 • Improve communication time of services g. Services Availed: Better Feed back 7.7% 0 •We All Includealsothe servicesgot more suggestions departmentswere not toavailed andmodify services. by thethe Highly citizen oriented initiative. Improvement in Measurable 15.4% 1.9% community. It may be because poor status of Easy realization of claims, entitlements and obtainedavailability was and including awareness. services Main serviceavailed for doing Indicatorsbasic rights. procedureswas perso fornnel affidavits. certificate The only(42.3%). suggestion Other Improvement in delivery time28.8% of services.1.9% Services were also availed by a few respondents KRAs Establishes connection between1.9% the state0 and only. Simplifiedthe citizen. Procedures awayg. Services with affidavits. Availed: Total N=52 Respect to the identity and dignity of the h. Rating Quality of Service: citizen. All the services were not availed by the 5.6 Strengths of the Initiative: community. It may be because poor status of availability and awareness. Main Page 44 • Highly citizen oriented initiative. (42.3%). Other Services were also availed by and basic rights. aserviceavailed few respondents was only. personnel certificate • Easy realization of claims, entitlements h. Rating Quality of Service: • Improvement in delivery time of services. The quality of services and satisfaction was • Establishes connection between the state and the citizen. respondents followed by home (11.5%) Land • Respect to the identity and dignity of the Recordsexcellent and for Police, Personnel (7.7% Certificate(17.3%)each) Agriculture citizen. andWater Supply (5.8% each). Very good • Reduced cost to the citizens. • Valid alternative to affidavits. 42 Research and Evaluation Study
declaration.
• Improvement in measurable indicators. services not mandatory as per law. stated are true and correct to best of my • Self-declarations for the need based • knowledgeInclusion ofand declarationsbelief. that facts
• Simplified procedures. • Creation of Suwidha Centre. • whereIssuance no legal of binding Government was associated order for in replacing affidavits with self-attestations
identified services. programme for general public through • printSensitization and electronic programme media. and awareness
Figure 5.8: Suwidha Centre in Punjab • Instructions to different departments.
5.7 Weaknesses of the Initiative: • Directions to all Collectors for regular monitoring of delivery of citizen services.
• Instructions to authorities to do away • Poor awareness generation. required. the submission of affidavits where not • Poor sensitization of the community. 5.8.2 Sustainability Takeaways: • Lack of Suwidha centres within the reach of the citizen. services. stakeholders were imparted training on • Non-inclusion of all departments/ • overTo sustain all concept this of practice the reform. the concerned project. • Lack of strategy for withdrawal from the with already existing infrastructure 5.8 The Takeaways: • ofThe Suwidha practice Centre has been which amalgamated provides 5.8.1 Process Takeaways: a lot of administrative expenditure ismany saved. other Punjab citizen services.State Government Therefore services pertaining to furnishing of was to establish 2112 rural Common • Field Surveys to generate matrix of Service Centres (CSCs) under the state’s brand name “Gram Suwidha Kendra” affidavits. • Analysis of alternatives for replacement transparent, time-bound and affordable of the requirement of an affidavit. in its 10 segregated zones to provide • Measuring consequences in case of to CSCs. This amalgamation enhances Government to Citizen (G2C) Services omitting submission of affidavit. the sustainability of interventions. services: • Identification and classification of Many other states also adopted e-District scheme of similar type. Thus law. sustainability at country level can also be o Where affidavit is mandatory as per o Local practice not provisioned in ensured. law. the level of prevalence and adaptation of • Timely audit were conducted to ascertain • Finalisation of specimen of self 43 Research and Evaluation Study
this practice. Monthly monitoring of collection of data • The strategies adopted in Rationalization analysis of implementation of reform • of Affidavit Initiative also need to be was done regularly. Surprise checks available local resources. Where e-District modified to suit the local need and in various Suwidha centers are also conducted by Administrative Secretaries carried out in implementation strategies incorporatingis not in use the other modification alternatives. need to be
a nationwide scheme called e-district • forThe similar DEITY, objectives. Government Therefore, of India, if this has SAKALA in Karnataka may be introduced • The help centre concept as used in is dovetailed with e-district it may be and outsourced to private service further more sustainable. providers to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of Rationalization of • For sustaining these type of interventions service departments and the team Affidavit Initiative. members.it requires Onthe this involvement front too ofthis the initiative citizen, Initiative has very strong component of • The Rationalization of Affidavit stands at better position. training the service providers and team members at district and taluka level because of amalgamating with CSC. For the community and developed a sense of replication the training strategy used in • empowerment.Third Party empowerment The community has involvedwill also demand the continuation of the scheme. be used but training background material 5.8.3 Replicability Takeaways: Rationalization of Affidavit Initiative can
need to be developed or modified for state specific requirements while replication. • The type of services covered under • Scheme needs to be incorporated in Thereforerationalization the initiative of affidavit has initiative a potential are outcome, success of the project, it needs work plan. Considering the significant forcommon replication. to all citizensThis has of already the country. been to implement the same project for key initiated in some more states of the country. affidavits first. of the departments were not developed • forWhile their field capacity observation to handle we found the servicesthat few • The technology and software used in where as 6-8 departments got main forRationalization replication ofin Affidavitother state. Initiative Now focus in capacity building as well as for Androidneed to be software modified and for mobile specific technology services monitoring and evaluation. Having a has reached to far off villages too, Jan DhanYojna and Aadhar Card has also lesson learnt from Rationalization of reached to larger cross section of the the management using selective control Affidavit Initiative one must decentralize society. It is now the time to use these tools (ie ABC, Analysis, FSN Analysis tools either as alternative or combined. or VED Analysis) rather leaving less
verification services untouched.
44 Research and Evaluation Study
5.9 Way Forward for Replication of the Initiatives:
• Identification of Team Members • Persons with Mission Mode Approach, Faith in Community Mobilization, community empowerment and 1 Team Building, Positive Attitude, Past Achievers, worked in Multitasking environment
• Situation Analysis and Assessment Phase • Field surveys, meetings with Line Departments, Analyze alternatives, Measure Consequences, Explore legal 2 complications, Classify the services in (a) Mandatory as per law (b) Not Provisioned in Law
• Selection of Services for Implementation • Select services by involving stakeholders, Analyze Stakeholders concerns, Prioritize the services, Submit 3 findings to the state Government, Approval and issue of orders
• Preparation Phase • Develop procedure and guidelines, Approval of legal cell of Law Department, Draft the Declarations for 4 (i) Availing Government Services (ii) Admission in Educational Institutions (iii) Getting Employment
• Notification of Government Order 5 • Sensitization of All Stakeholders • Convene Meeting of Administrative Secretaries, Create awareness about the initiative, Gather Revenue data 6 from Treasuries, Get MIS Report Regarding Number of Stamp Paper
• Establishing strategic plan Framework • Fine tune process of Implementation, Prepare Effective Leadership, Develop Protocols as per State requirement, Inclusiveness, Empowerment and Commitment, Setting Targets and Creating Conducive environment, M&E 7 Mechanism, Reward system for Accountability and Innovativeness
• Coordination & Integration into Policy Framework • Consider existing Services/Schemes of the State & GOI and integrate in the framework and Coordinate During 8 Implementation
• Agreement Upon and Adoption of Guidelines • Involve State Leadership, Inform and Sensitize, Stakeholders Workshop, Modify Guidelines and Action Plans 9 • Planning and Budgeting • Prepare Budget Considering Sources of Funds, Approval by Appropriate Authority 10 • Creating Enabling Environment • Participatory and empowering Approach, Effective Leadership, Hand Holding support for Computerization of Services, Re-engineering of the systems and procedures, Organization Culture Supportive of Innovation, 11 Promotion of Teamwork and Lifelong Learning, Monitoring the Implementation, Knowledge Sharing and Networking
45 Research and Evaluation Study
• Enabling Adoption by Stakeholders • Sharing of Knowledge among stakeholders, Facilitators and target beneficiaries, Publicity and putting teams in 12 Place, Formulate Clear Implementation Policy, Protocols, Process and framework, Measure & Report Progress
• Implementation of Activity Plan • Using Logical Framework Approach Prepare Activity Plan, Identification and Training of facilitators 13
• Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) of Interventions • Develop Monitoring Indicators, Develop MIS to Control Deviations from Plans. 14
• Documentation Plan in Broad Diverse Forms • Develop Strategy for Documentation, Formalize Sharing of Experience, Establish a Learning organization 15
• Dissemination of results • Prepare document, Sharing at Larger Platform, Plan State Level/Country Level Workshops 16 • Sustainability Measures for the Initiative • Institutionalize the initiative, Promote Ownership by stakeholders, Ensure, Capacity Building, Ensure Sustainable economic resources, Plan withdrawal of Intervention Team, Establish Communication Network, 17 Balanced and Equitable Distribution of Benefits.
5.10 Best fit-GOI scheme with common objectives implemented by various states: for replication across all 94 Ministries/Departments of Government of India and across all the States/UTsAs a part of and simplification in the country. of procedures in government work DARPG had taken this initiative
46 Research and Evaluation Study
6.0 Save the Girl Child to Prevent Foeticide-Perambalur District, Tamil Nadu
6.1 Introduction and Context of Governance Initiative: Perambalur district is one of the most backward district of Tamil Nadu. Population as per 2011 census is 5, 64, 511(Male 281436 and female 283075). Literacy rate is 74.65% (male 83.39% and female 66.11%) which is less than state average of 80.33%.
There was a sharp decline in the sex ratio in recent years in Perambalur district as the sex ratio at birth was 965 in 2007-08 Figure 6.2: Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao-Education which declined to 851 in 2010 -11. In this will sustain her initiative use of male child birth audit and 6.3 Objective of Governance other innovative efforts were made to reduce Initiative: adverse sex ratio and MMR.
• To improve sex ratio in the district. the urban centers of the district with • sonographyTo avoid female units foeticide had emerged in the as districtas centres of female foeticide.
and reduce chances of maternal death. • To avoid multiple sex selective abortion
• To detect and save the missing girl child. Figure 6.1: Picture of Save the Girl Child the girl child. • To provide a secured environment for 6.2 Problem Definition: at 950. This is increase of 0.6% per year from baselineThe 12th of five 914 year as per plan census has set 2011. a goal The of child CSR at birth and mortality in the early childhood (Districtsex ratio isIMR primarily is only influenced16). The byestimate sex ratio of missing women increased from 46.35 million in 2001 to 49.73 million in 2011 (census). The PNDT Act deals with the supply side of the problem alone but the census decline in child Figure 6.3: An Initiative to arrest the decline in sex sex ratio indicates that more is needed to be ratio done.
47 Research and Evaluation Study Research and Evaluation Study 6.4 Implementation Strategy Adopted: a month. Primary Health Centre wise • Audit of all the male children born in Auditrecords of all were the male maintained children bornfor the in abirth month. of Research6.4TheResearch Implementation following and and Evaluation strategies Evaluation Strategy Study were Study Adopted: adopted:- Primarymale child Health and Centremonthly wise it was records done. were The maintainedparents were for theasked birth whether of male theychild hadand The following strategies were adopted:- monthly it was done. The parents were asked As natural abortion in the second got scanning done anywhere within the 6.4 Implementation Strategy Adopted: whetherAudit of allthey the malehad childrengot scanning born in a month.done 6.4• Implementation Audit of all second Strategy trimester Adopted: Abortions: Auditdistrict of all or the outside. male children In most born of in the a month. cases Audittrimester of all second is a rare trimester phenomenon, Abortions all: Athes PrimaryanywherePrimary Health withinHealth Centre theCentre district wise wise recordsor records outside. were were In naturalsecond abortion trimester in the abortions second trimester were treated is a maintainedmostparentsmaintained of the were forcases for theforth parentsthe birth comingbirth ofwere ofmale asmale forth they child childcoming had and and a TheTherare following followingas phenomenon, suspected strategies strategies early a werell sexwerethe adopted: determinationsecond adopted: -trimester - and monthlyasbabymonthly they son ithad was itand wasa done.baby they done. Theson have The parentsand parentsnot they indulged were werehave asked askednot in indulgedwhether in sexthey selected had abortion.got scanning done abortionsabortion were cases. treated as suspected early sex whethersex selected they abortion. had got scanning done Audit determinationAudit of ofall allsecond secondand abortion trimester trimester cases. A bortionsA bortions: A: s As anywhereanywhere within within the the district district or oroutside. outside. In In naturalEarlynatural Antenatal abortion abortion inCare inthe the(ANC) second second registration trimester trimester iswas ais a 6.56.5 most StrengthsmostStrengths of ofthe the casesof cases the of parents Initiatives:the parents Initiatives: were were forth forth coming coming raretherarewas mostphenomenon, phenomenon, thecrucial most variable all athellcrucial thefor second havingsecond variable trimester a trimesterproper for as asthey they had had a babya baby son son and and they they have have not not abortions were treated as suspected early sex • Changeindulged in in Sex sex Ratio:selected abortion. • abortionssecondhavingEarly trimester Antewere a treatedNatalproper audit. Care as Village suspected second(ANC) Health registration earlytrimester Nurses sex indulged in sex selected abortion. determination(VHN)determination were andmade and abortion abortionresponsible cases. cases. for 100% Change in Sex Ratio: audit. Village Health Nurses (VHN) The district has recorded a very positive EarlyearlyEarly AntenatalANC Antenatal registration Care Care (ANC) (ANC)to identifyregistration registration problem was was 6.5The6.5 Strengths districtStrengths hasof ofthe therecorded Initiatives: Initiatives: a very positive theareasthewere most .most They crucialmade crucial were responsiblevariable variable also forrequired for having for having 100% ato proper a properhave early transitiontransition inin thethe ChildChild SexSex RatioRatio atat Birth,Birth, secondinterpersonalsecondANC trimester registrationtrimester communication audit. audit. Villageto Village identify Healthwith Health mothers Nursesproblem Nurses improving improving fromfrom 861861 toto 10161016 perper 10001000 malemale (VHN)and(VHN)areas. relatives were wereThey tomade avoidweremade responsible sexalsoresponsible determination. required for for 100%to 100% have duringduring Change Change2012-13.2012 -in13. inSex Sex Ratio: Ratio: Followingearly ANC steps registration were taken: to identify problem The district has recorded a very positive earlyinterpersonal ANC registration communication to identify problem with The district has recorded a very positive areas areas. They. They were were also also required required to tohave have transitiontransition in inthe the Child Child Sex Sex Ratio Ratio at atBirth, Birth, interpersonalinterpersonalmothers andcommunication communication relatives withto with avoidmothers mothers sex improvingimproving from from 861 861 to to1016 1016 per per 1000 1000 male male Campaign Against the Female Foeticide 2007-08 Stepand-andIdetermination. relatives relatives to toavoid avoid sex sex determination. determination. duringduring 2012 2012-13.-13. 1016 965 2008-09 FollowingFollowing• steps steps were were taken: taken:
Step - Collection of Health Sub Centre wise data: 2009-10 910 II 861 2007-08 • Following•CampaignCampaign steps Against Against were the the Female taken: Female Foeticide Foeticide 2007-082010-11 StepStep-I -I 965 Step- Interaction with mothers and public 10161016 965 2008-09 • 851 877 2008-092011-12 III • Collection of Health Sub Centre wise data: StepStep- -•Collection of Health Sub Centre wise data: 2009-102012-132009-10 Strengthening the implementation of 861 910 StepII II- 861 910 Governance• Act (PNDT Act 1994): 2010-112010-11 IV • • Interaction with mothers and public Figure 6. 4: Sex Ratio at Birth Step- Interaction with mothers and public Figure 6.4: Sex Ratio at Birth 2011-12 Step- 851851 877877 2011-12 StepIIIIII- Monitoring and Evaluation • • The strategy of meeting the challenges2012-13 V StrengtheningStrengthening the the implementation implementation of of 2012-13 Step- Step- •GovernanceGovernance Act Act (PNDT (PNDT Act Act 1994): 1994): proved as strength of the initiative. IV proved as strength of the initiative. IV • • •Figure FigureThe 6. 4 6. strategy: Sex4: Sex Ratio Ratio of at meetingatBirth Birth the challenges
Step- MonitoringMonitoring and and Evaluation Evaluation Step- The strategy of meeting the challenges V V The strategy of meeting the challenges • • Challenges Faced proved as strengthMitigation of theStrategy initiative. proved as strength of the initiative.
To spread awareness among the citizens particularly women The ANM was made responsible for was the biggest challenge of the project as the social prejudice 100% ANC registration who involved ChallengesChallenges Faced Faced Mitigation Strategy •against the girl child was very difficult to remove. •the communityMitigation & counselled Strategy the Initially the initiative faced resistance / lack of cooperation opinion leaders. from citizens and health workers. PRIs & Local opinion leaders, •ToFamily Tospread spread / social awareness awareness pressure among among on mothers the the citizens citizens to undergo particularly particularly sonography women women TheDiagnosticThe ANM ANM was centres was made made were responsible responsible sensitised. for for was the biggest challenge of the project as the social prejudice wasand thepressure biggest for challenge abortion of if thea girl project foetus as was the detected. social prejudice •100%During100% ANC the ANC registrationanalysis registration & audit who who ofinvolved male involved against the girl child was very difficult to remove. •against• the girl child was very difficult to remove. •thechild•the community thecommunity nexus &was counselled& counselledexposed. the The the •People were not cooperative initially to share information opinion leaders. InitiallyaboutInitially clinics the the initiative doing initiative illegal faced faced sex resistance resistancedetermination. / lack / lack of cooperationof cooperation •opinionresponsiblilty leaders. was assigned to health from citizens and health workers. PRIs & Local opinion leaders, •fromNexus citizens among and the healthhealth workers.workers and Sonography clinics was PRIsworkers & Local only. opinion leaders, • Diagnostic centres were sensitised. •FamilytheFamily biggest / social / socialchallenge. pressure pressure on onmothers mothers to undergoto undergo sonography sonography Diagnostic centres were sensitised. andand pressure pressure for for abortion abortion if a if girl a girl foetus foetus was was detected. detected. •During•During the the analysis analysis & audit & audit of maleof male • child the nexus was exposed. The •People•People were were not not cooperative cooperative initially initially to shareto share information information child the nexus was exposed. The aboutabout clinics clinics doing doing illegal illegal sex sex determination. determination. •responsiblilty•responsiblilty was was assigned assigned to healthto health workers only. •Nexus•Nexus among among the the health health workers workers and and Sonography Sonography clinics clinics was was workers only. the biggest challenge. the biggest challenge. Page 50 • •
48
PagePage 50 50 Research and Evaluation Study
Research• Ensuring and EvaluationANC Registration: Study o There were various sources for It was made mandatory for women in the district to register for Ante Natal Care (ANC) against sex determination. Majority Ensuring ANC Registration: mobilizedrespondentscommunity/citizen by Role plays 62.1% among said the mobilization traditionalTV talk It was made mandatory for women in the district media showand and87.9% 25.9% were saidmobilized through by advertisements in the print media. Under IPC toin register the first for trimester Ante Natal itself Care ifin they(ANC) wanted the first to trimesterhelped as itself the numberif they wanted of abortion to avail cases of theper by opinion leader the government workers financialmonthavail of came theassistance. financial down This from assistance. measure 42 in AprilhelpedThis measure2011 as the to mobilizedby 75.9%electronic respondents media. whereas 27.6% 20.7% radio jingles, they were mobilized number23 in December of abortion 2011 cases and per 20 month in April came 2012. down respondents were mobilized by the priests. from 42 in April 2011 to 23 in December 2011 Research and Evaluation Study Role plays among the traditional andAll the20 in respondents April 2012. visited health institution respondents6.9% were mobilizedRadio Jingles by Allduring the respondentspregnancy visitedand healthregistered institution their duringpregnancy, pregnancy ranging andfrom registered1-2 months their of by advertisements in the print media and 87.9% wereTV Scrolling mobilized pregnancy,pregnancy Ensuring tor ANC anging9th monthRegistration: from of pregnancy.1- 2 months Majority of mobilizedmedia. by Role Under25.9% plays IPC among by opinion the traditional leader Itpregnancy was made tomandatory 9th month for of women pregnancy. in the Majority district media and 87.9% were mobilized by response was 7-8 month of pregnancy toresponse register was for Ante7-8 month Natal Careof pregnancy in (ANC) followedthe first advertisements in the print1.7% media.TV Talk Under Shows IPC trimesterfollowed itselfby 5-6 if monththey wanted of pregnancy. to avail of the by opinion62.1%75.9% leader respondents the government whereas workers 20.7% by 5-6 month of pregnancy. the government workers mobilized financial assistance. This measure helped as the mobilized 75.9% respondents whereas 20.7% number of abortion cases per month came down respondents were mobilized byFilm the Broad priests. 1.7% priests. from 42 in April 2011 15.5%to 23 in December 2011 Casting respondents were mobilized by the and 20 in April 2012. 1-2 month Figure 6. 66.9%: Electronic Media Radio Jingles All the respondents visited health institution3-4 month during 31.0%pregnancy and registered their TV Scrolling pregnancy, ranging from 1-2 months5-6 month of 25.9% pregnancy to 9th month22.4% of pregnancy. Majority 7-8 month 13.8% response was 7-8 month of pregnancy followed 1.7% TV Talk Shows by 5-6 month 29.3%of pregnancy. 9 month 62.1% Advs
Film Broad 1.7% CastingFlex Boards 15.5% 87.9% 1-2 month FigureFigure 6. 6.5: 5: MonthMonth ofof Registration Registration Figure 6.6.6: 6: ElectronicElectronic Media
• Effectiveness of Communication3-4 month Effectiveness31.0% of Communication Interventions: 5-6 month Interventions:22.4% 7-8 month o Ono the Onquestion the questionof counselling of counsellingof family Figure 6. 7:13.8% Print Media members about gender equity and on health of29.3% family members about9 month gender Advs issues 98.3% respondents replied in equity and on health issues 98.3% affirmative that there family members were Flex Boards counselled on health issues as well as on 87.9% Figure 6. 5: Month of Registration Priests gender equity.that there family members were 5.2% 20.7% respondents replied in affirmative o To the counselledquestion ofon healthawareness issues of asyour well communityEffectiveness about sexof determinationCommunica 94.8%tion Government Interventions:as on gender equity. respondents replied in positive. Workers On othe Toquestion the ofquestion counselling of ofawareness family oo 94.8% respondents opined that the Figure75.9% 6.6.7: 7: PrintPrint Media NGOs membersinformation about about gender sex equity determination and on health was issues of98.3% your respondentscommunity repliedabout insex given by ICDS worker/Health affirmativedetermination that there family 94.8% members respondents were worker/Teacher as the primary source of counselledreplied on health in positive. issues as well as on information/communication on save the girl Priests gender equity. Figure 6. 8:5.2% IPC by Opinion20.7% Leaders Tochild. othe 94.8%question ofrespondents awareness of opinedyour o There were various sources for o communitythat about the sexinformation determination about 94.8% sex General Strengths: Government respondentscommunity/citizen replied inmobilization positive. against sex Workers determination was given by ICDS Early ANC registration for having a proper 94.8%determination. respondents Majority opinedrespondents that 62.1%the o worker/Health worker/Teacher as 75.9% NGOs informationsaid TV talk aboutshow sexand 25.9%determination said through was second trimester audit. givenradio jingles,theby primary theyICDS sourcewere ofworker/Healthmobilized information/ by worker/Teacherelectroniccommunication media. as 27.6% the primary responon save dentssource the were ofgirl information/communication on save the girl child. Figure 6.6.8: 8: IPCIPC by Opinion LeadersLeaders child. Page 51 o There were various sources for community/citizen mobilization against sex General Strengths: 49 determination. Majority respondents 62.1% Early ANC registration for having a proper said TV talk show and 25.9% said through second trimester audit. radio jingles, they were mobilized by electronic media. 27.6% respondents were
Page 51 Research and Evaluation Study
General Strengths: outside the district doing illegal sex • determination.Lack of knowledge and control on clinics proper second trimester audit. • Early ANC registration for having a workers and sonography clinics was also to have 100% early ANC registration. • Ability to break nexus among the health • Village health nurses made responsible poor.
was ensured. • Audit of all second trimester abortions take action against sonography centres • locatedLack of powersoutside under the district. PC and PNDT Act to mother and care takers to avoid sex • determination.Interpersonal communication with patriarchal society and preference for a • son.Difficulty in changing the mind-set in the month. • Audit of all male children born in a excluding urban centres leaving a • shortfallInitiative in has population a definite coverage. rural orientation • PNDT act 1994 was strengthened. requirement. • No extra expenditure or budget and community empowerment was week 6.6 Weaknesses of the Initiative: • soWholly resulting dependent into poor on sustainability. government staff
Sex Differentials could not be handled monitoring proved a constraint. • adequately:The perception about Pros and Cons of • Time spent by district administration on
o The community perceives that boys media in the initiative resulting in limited • Non involvement of print and electronic can go to job and earn money for outreach. the family members (13.6%). The parents have to spend lot of money mortality is still a challenge. and Jewellery for the marriage of • The infant mortality and mother girls (15.3%). 6.7 The Takeaways: o The girl child pays more attention 6.7.1 Process Takeaways: to her family members (25.5%). Girls can do all household work but parents have to spend lot of money active involvement. • Sensitization of VHN and AWW and their for their marriage (25.5%).
o One has to spend a lot of money and • Early ANC registration. jewellery for their marriage. mother and relative to avoid sex • determination.Interpersonal communication with o Out of 58 respondents 94.8% were aware that sex determination is an the level of PHC and district hospitals. offence in the eyes of the law. • Audit of all second trimester abortions at PHCs. certain barriers for gender equity. • Provision of sonography units at all the • Lack of awareness among women on month. cooperation could not be resolved • Audit of all the male children born in a • completely.Resistance from the citizens/lack of and PNDT Act. • Strengthening the implementation of PC 50 Research and Evaluation Study
district administration. • Regular monitoring by the health and 6.7.2 Sustainability Takeaways:
has participated in the intervention in • theThe communitydistrict. The other larger than affectedparticipation family and support from the community for these interventions has increased sustainability of the initiatives. Figure 6.10: Community Involvement each stage of these interventions have 6.7.3 Replicability Takeaways: • becomeThe health empowered functionaries in continuing involved these at interventions. They were the prime potential for replication because the movers for getting ANC registration in • activitiesThese interventions did not require have any an additional excellent the district which has helped in achieving funds for the key activities as given below. their targets other than implementation o Registering the 2nd trimester of PNDT Act. pregnant woman was made possible
AWWs and their active involvement. o Thethrough convergence sensitization of ofhealth VHNs staff, and ICDS workers and PRI functionaries made the operations smooth with ANM as a unit. o No extra human resource was required as part of the initiative as the stake holders were Government Figure 6.9: Protecting Foetus employees. o Awareness spread through various for male child birth has reduced media channels helped in smooth • The methodology of pregnancy audit resistance or increased openness for running of the initiative. sharing information pertaining to sex o The action or the threatened action determination. The community and sex against the sonography unit doing diagnostic centre carry out the detection mal practices and sealing some of test clandestinely as they are punishable the units for violation of PC and under the act if the birth is averted as a PNDT Act has been successful in result of sex determination. In case of conveying the consequences of male birth it is not averted so they feel violating the law. less restricted in sharing information. Therefore this initiative has higher worth appreciating but duplicating them potential for sustenance. • withoutThe achievements adjusting local at Perambalursituations may are prove counterproductive. Therefore, carrying out the interventions. The ANC the challenges and opportunities be • There was no additional expenditure on registration was their regular duty but discussed with the stakeholders and auditing was a bit additional job which the strategy need to be adjusted to same manpower could do. incorporate their concerns.
51 Research and Evaluation Study
6.8 Way Forward for Replication of the Initiative:
• Identification of Team • Persons with Vision of an Ideal District without Adverse Sex Ratio, Desire to be Unique, Health Department, ICDS and District Administration gell well, District With Poor Sex Ratio, High community Participation, 1 Award Winning District Like Nirmal Gram etc., Team Leader with Positive Attitude, Faith in Team Members, Willingness to Carry Forward the Intervention
• Situation Analysis • Ascertain Local Scope of Work & Demand, Finalize Activities as per Save the Girl Child-Perambalur, 2 Competitive Activities • Redefining District-specific Problem • Identification of Key Stakeholders (Professional in Health Department, Local Diagnostic Centres, ICDS Worker, Supervisor, CDPOS, District Committees, Media and Communication Specialists CSOs/NGOs working in 3 Health Sector), Sensitization of Stakeholders, Redefining the Problem Area
• Establishing Strategic Plan Framework • Finetuning the Process of Implementation, Preparation of Strategic Framework, Ensure Effective Leadership, Inclusiveness, Empowerment & Commitment Setting Targets and Creating Conducive Environment, M&E 4 Mechanism, Reward System to establish Accountability and to increase Innovativeness
• Coordination and Integration into Policy Framework • Considering Existing/Schemes of Different Departments and Dovetailing of Such Schemes 5 • Agreement Upon and Adoption of Guidelines • Involvement of State /District/Block Leadership, Information and Sensitization with Data and Situation, Preparation of Guidelines, Conduct of Stakeholder Workshops, Modification of Guidelines and Action Plans 6 (If Needed)
• Planning and Budgeting • Preparation of Budget, Tapping of External Resources, (Dovetailing of Budgets available with organizations like DFID, USAID, EC, FORD FOUNDATION, NIPI, UNICEF, WHO, WFP etc.), Approval of Budget by 7 Appropriate Authority
• Creating Enabling Environment • Participatory and Empowering Approach, Involving Stakeholders, Effective Leadership, Organization culture Supportive of Innovation, Participatory Decision Making, Promotion of Life Long Learning, Monitoring 8 Implementation of Initiative/Innovation, Knowledge sharing and Networking
• Enabling Adoption by Stakeholders • Ensuring Knowledge Sharing, Putting in Place the Team to Replicate Initiative, Formulating Adoption Policy, 9 Process and Framework, Measuring and Reporting the Progress • Implementation of Activity Plan • Preparation of Activity Plan based on Logical Framework approach, Identification and Training of Facilitators 10 • Monitoring and Evaluation of Interventions • Development of Monitoring Indicators, Development of MIS 11 • Documentation Plan in Broad Diverse Forms • Developing Strategy for Documentation, Sharing the Intra and Inter District Experiences, Formalization of 12 Experience Sharing, stablishing a Learning Organization
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• Dissemination of Results • Sharing of Documents at Larger Platforms, Conduct of State and Country Level Workshops 13 • Sustainability Measures for the Initiative • Institutionalize the Initiative, Promote Ownership of Stakeholders, Capacity Building, Sustainable Economic Resources, Planning for Team Withdrawal, Establish Communication Network, Balanced Equitable Distribution 14 of Benefits
6.9 Best Fit-Beti Bachao and Beti Badhao, Gujarat: The Gujarat Interventions on saving the girl child are based on implanting the Silent Observer (SIOB) devices in the sonographic machines in the area. Each diagnostic lab is mandated to give the information in F-Form as given in the PCPNDT Act. Whereas in Perambloor TN experiment focus was on ensuring 100 % ANC registration and pregnancy audit for second trimester abortions. Both these approaches have assumptions that 100% ANC registration is feasible and F forms for 100% sonographies will be made available. Both these assumptions have limitations. In Maharashtra use of SIOB proved ineffective.Therefore there is a need to adopt both approaches in tandem to contain the practices of sex determination. They will be complementary to each other.
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7.0 Eraviperoor Gram Panchayat-Success Story of Local Self Governance, District Pathanamthitta (Kerala)
7.1 Introduction and context of women and children. Governance Initiative: water bodies. To achieve a good livelihood for the people • Drying of Varattarriver and silting of of Pachayatand implement decisions of gram sabha and different working groups, MGNREGS funds. • Purposeless and unproductive use of the Eraviperoor Gram Panchayat took 7.3 Objectives of Governance several initiatives making use of the now Initiative: available modern technologies. Involvement of the community and use of knowledge The objectives of this initiative are given below: initiatives was another speciality of this PRI. and experience of senior citizens in these To establish a paperless office (e-Governance). •
Figure 7.1: Eraviperoor Gram Panchayat
7.2 Problem Definition: Figure• To 7.2: start Paperless a village Office, Knowledge Eraviperoor Centre: manually which used to delay Panchayat • Services.The Panchayat office was being run
upcoming generation and for improving • theirPeople’s academic campaign skills forand orientationto make them of competitive.
the people. • Addressing the ecological concerns of
people. Figure 7.3: Village Knowledge Centre • Poor availability of drinking water to the To conduct Environmental Gram facilities. • Availability of limited health care Sabha. • • To convene Arogya Sabha. • Insecurity of girl children. Primary Health centre. • Poor infrastructure facilities at the
54 • Lack of grievance redressal system for Research and Evaluation Study
human resources which formulated the projects and again reported back to the Gram Sabha for discussion and approval. The emphasis was on public meetings. The interactions and discussions with Medical professionals, Civil Engineers, Waste Management Experts, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Experts and Fisheries experts were a continuous process during the Figure 7.4:Harith Gramam Initiative implementation of the Projects. Project • To Start the Karate class for girls. wise subcommittees were constituted • To constitute the JagrathSamiti. for the monitoring of the projects. • To implement various projects through MGNREGS for rejuvenation of Varattarriver, formation and metalling of roads to help transportation facilities, renovation of water bodies and digging of water harvesting pits meant for improving water table. Banana cultivation etc.
Figure 7.6: Awareness Programme
Panchayat and Government at block, • districtCoordination and state with level different was done offices for the of sanction and release of fund.
• awareness,In nutshell, targeting it may the beright said audience that Figure 7.5: Eraviperoor Grama Panchayat Free andidentification area, formulation of problems, of the creation project, of
the Panchayat, constitution of sub WiFi7.4 zoneImplementation Strategy utilizing expertise available within Adopted: committees for implementation and proper project monitoring and timely availability of funds were most important Panchayat through the Gram Sabha part of the implementation strategy. • Identifying the Problems: The village village. meetings identified the problems of the 7.5 Strengths of the Initiative: Gram Sabha discussed the problems • andCreating the awarenessparticipants among suggested the people:action to be taken. The Panchayat constituted • 98.3% respondents replied that expert group from among the retired Panchayat office has become paperless. • Awareness generation tools were 55 ResearchResearch and and Evaluation Evaluation Study Study Research and Evaluation Study successful as out of 59 respondents were informed by Panchayat official about 1.7% 1.7% were informed by Panchayat official about the88.1% availability were ofinformed innovative byPRI Panchayatservices. 13.6% 1.7% 1.7% Poor the30.5% ava ilabilityrespondents of innovative were informed PRI services. by the 13.6% Poor 30.5%neighbours. respondents Remaining were informedsources by theof Satisfactory PRI services. 30.5% respondents were SatisfactoryGood neighbours.informationofficial about contributedRemaining the availability be tweensources of innovative1.7 -3.4%of informationonlyinformed (Table Nocontributedby- 01)the neighbours. between Remaining1.7-3.4% 83.1% Goodvery good only sources (Table Noof- 01)information contributed 83.1% very good Table between No-01: Source 1.7-3.4% of information. only Table No-01: SourceSource of information. % Figure 7. 7: Level of satisfaction with VKC TableInformation No. 01: SourcebySource Panchayat. of information. 88.1% Figure 7.7: Level of satisfaction with VKC facilities. Figurefacilities. 7. 7: Level of satisfaction with VKC InformationInformation byby Panchayat.neighbour. 88.130.5 facilities. SourceInformaSupervisorstion -by ICDS neighbour. 30.53.4% 96.6% respondents found that modern Supervisors- ICDS 3.4 InformationFriends and Relatives by Panchayat. 88.13.4 96.6%slaughterslaughter respondents househouse waswas found helpinghelping that themmodernthem byby Friends and Relatives 3.4 • 96.6% respondents found that modern InformationSchool going childrenby neighbour. 30.53.4 slaughterkeepingkeeping environment environmenthouse was clean. clean.helping them by SchoolOthers going children 3.46.8 Supervisors- ICDS 3.4 keepingMajority environment of 89.8% respondents clean. were the Others Total N=59 6.8 Majoritybeneficiaries of 89.8 of water% respondents supply scheme. were In thethe Friends and Relatives Total N=59 3.4 beneficiariesopinion of of83.1% water supplyrespondents scheme. it In hadthe • Majority of 89.8% respondents were the School The utilizationgoing children of services developed3.4 was opiresultedthenion opinion inof improved 83.1%of 83.1% waterrespondents respondents supply. it ithad had beneficiaries of water supply scheme. In OthersThealso utilizationquite high of as services 86.4% developedgot Panchayat 6.8was resultedresulted in in improved improved water water supply. supply. alsoactivity quite information high as 86.4% through got SMS, Panchayat 71.2% Total N=59 8.5% 8.5% activityutilized informationpaperless office through for oneSMS, or 71.2% other 8.5% 8.5% utilizeactivityd paperlessand 37.3% office got forregistration one or other for Poor activitybirth/d eath/marriageand 37.3% gotetc. (Tableregistration No-02) for Poor Tablebirth/dalso No-02: quiteeath/marriage Facility high availed as 86.4%etc. (Table got No Panchayat-02) Satisfactory • The utilization of services developed was Satisfactory Table activityNo-02: Facility informationActivity availed through SMS, %71.2% 83.1% Well Registration Activityof Birth / Death/ 37.3% 83.1% Well RegistrationMarriage. of Birth / Death/ 37.3 Marriage.activity and 37.3% got registration for Panchayatutilized activity paperless info. byoffice SMS for one or86.4 other PanchayatSalarybirth/death/marriage of emp activityloyees info. by SMS etc. 86.45.1 Figure 7. 8: Level of satisfaction with water SalaryFiling ofof applicationemployees for a service. 5.11.7 FigureFiguresupply. 7.8: 7. Level8: Level of satisfaction of satisfaction with waterwith water supply. Table No. 02: Facility availed FilingRevenue of application records required for a service. 1.71.7 supply.
RevenueVillage Knowledge records required Centre 1.75.1 Convening gram sabha for problem Activity % Convening gram sabha for problem VillagePaperless Knowledge Office Centre 71.25.1 identification. • identification.Convening gram sabha for problem RegistrationPaperless Office of Birth / Death/Total N=59 71.237.3 Creation of awareness through different Marriage. Total N=59 Creationmediums.identification. of awareness through different mediums. Panchayat 98.3% respondentsactivity info. byutilized SMS knowledge86.4 • mediums.TargetingCreation theof awarenessright audience through and area. different 98.3% respondents utilized knowledge Salarycentre of employeesand also 83.1%respondentswere5.1 Targeting Formulation the rightof the audience demand and driven area. right centre and also 83.1%respondentswere satisfied with the working of VKC where as kindFormulation of projects. of the demand driven right Filingsatisfied13.6% of applicationrated with the the working working for a service. of of VKC VKC as where good.1.7 as • Targeting the right audience and area. kindUtilization of projects. of expertise available within the Revenue13.6% ratedrecords the requiredworking of VKC as good.1.7 kind of projects. • Utilizationpanchayat Formulation ofin theexpertise of form the demandof available retired driven persons.within rightthe Village Knowledge Centre 5.1 panchayatConstitution in ofthe project form of wise retired sub committeespersons. the panchayat in the form of retired 71.2 Consfor implementation.titution of project wise sub committees • persons.Utilization of expertise available within Total N=59 forProper implementation. monitoring of the projects. Paperless Office ProperStrong financialmonitoring position of the ofprojects. panchayat. StrongTimelycommittees financial sanction for position and implementation. release of panchayat. of funds by the centre and also 83.1%respondentswere • TimelyGovernmentConstitution sanction of Kerala. and of releaseproject of funds wise by the sub • 98.3% respondents utilized knowledge Government of Kerala. as 13.6% rated the working of VKC as • Proper monitoring of the projects. satisfied with the working of VKC where good. Page 58 • Strong financial position of panchayat. the Government of Kerala. Page 58 • Timely sanction and release of funds by
• Dedicated implementation team. 56 Research and Evaluation Study
7.6 Weaknesses of the Initiative: with its own resources. • Strong financial position of panchayat respondents suggestion toimprove the • Certain gaps were observed. The the Government project functioning are here. • Timely sanction and release of funds by o More computer classes be conducted. • Utilization of experienced and retired 7.7.2 Sustainability Takeaways: o Panchayat should be better senior citizen effectively. connected. initiatives to succeed was due to o If more loan is given without interest • The major task in making all these it will work and improve ivelihood. involvement of Gram Sabhas and the level o More group discussion and survey public of Eraviperoor Gram Panchayatas should be conducted. wellof confidence as its board and members. motivation of general o Must teach about the self-help group. the form of roads, mini water supply o The project is going on well now • The schemes were implemented in and more projects should be Environment Sabha, Rejuvenation of PHC undertaken. etc.schemes, in phases. paperless office, Arogya Sabha,
• Too many projects in too short time. Panchayats, own resources and also from media. • The funds were available from • Non involvement of print and electronic MNREGA as well as from Plan and Non Plan funds of Government of Kerala. initiatives. • No strategy for withdrawal from the 2013-14. When our research team visited panchayat elections. • These initiatives were implemented in • Change of the implementation team with the site in January 2016, they were still in operation. • Dependence on gram sabha for projects/ 7.7 problem The Takeaways: identification. • themselvesSome of the e.g. initiatives mini arewater still supply being 7.7.1 Process Takeaways: schememaintained and others by by the the beneficiariesEraviperoor Gram Panchayat. for: • Convening gram sabha from time to time Eraviperoor Gram Panchayat and other projects. • stakeholdersThe capacity buildingis being ofdone the regularly. employees of o Identification of the problem/ o Creation of awareness. o Inviting suggestion to solve a problem. • The community participation is ensured through organization of various Sabhas. o Getting opinion of the experts. capacity building for using computers • needIt was to observedbe further in enhanced the FGDs to that ensure the implementation of the project and its sustainability. • monitoring.Constitution of subcommittee for
57 Research and Evaluation Study
local needs of the PRI and the potential withdrawal from project strategy need mapping with the demand. • toFor be developed. ensuring sustainability the
• The strategies adopted in Eraviperoor and assets generated by Eraviperoor to suit the local need and available local Gram Panchayat also need to be modified • GramThe methodology Panchayat be forevolved sharing on principles the gains resources of the PRIs. of equity.
• The literacy level and the exposure services which is a strong component for Eraviperoor Gram Panchayat is quite to outside world of the citizens of • ensuringThe user sustainability.charges are levied for different high. Therefore before replicating the Eraviperoor Gram Panchayat
economics has been experimented and • Pooling of resources for health community is needed. successful. Whereas the interventions interventions the sensitization of the at Eraviperoor Gram Panchayathas experimented with multiple services very strong component of capacity • The Eraviperoor Gram Panchayat has making these interventions more viable and acceptable. community ownership. building, need identification and
intervention PRI is a very useful resource. • The retired personnel settled in the • outcome,Scheme needssuccess to of bethe incorporatedproject, it needs in 7.7.3 Replicability Takeaways: towork implement plan. Considering the same project the significant for all the PRIs in phased manner. has made about 9 interventions with • differentThe Eraviperoor type of services Gram under Panchayat each intervention in this initiative. All these • havingIn development potential to demotivate motivating the users the services covered under this initiative are needbeneficiaries to be taken is toughcare. so all constraints the services which any PRI will dream to have. Panchayat are worth appreciating but • duplicatingThe achievements them without at Eraviperoor adjusting Gramlocal state/ district/ Panchayat can replicate situations may prove counterproductive. • theseBased interventions on the strategy by identifying adopted anythe
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7.8 Way Forward for Replication of the Initiatives:
• Identification of Panchayat for initiative • Selection of Team Members, Having vision of Ideal PRI 1 • Regular meeting of Gram Sabha • Model PRI, PRI with innovative achievements, Open and Supportive members for innovation, Positive 2 Attitudes, Team Approach
• Situation Analysis • Need Assessment, Potential Mapping, Selection of Activity for intervention 3 • Redefining PRI Specific Problem • Identification of key stakeholders, Addressing Concerns of Stakeholders, Sensitization of Stakeholders 4 • Establishing Strategic Plan Framework • Effective leadership, Inclusiveness, Empowerment and Commitment Setting Targets, Creating Conducive 5 Environment, M&E Mechanism, Reward System
• Coordination and Integration into Policy Framework • Dovetailing Existing Government Schemes 6 • Agreement Upon and Adoption of Guideline • Involvement of Leadership at State/District/Block Level, Sensitization of Leadership, Workshops of Stakeholders 7 • Planning and Budgeting • Logical Framework, Approach for Development of Ownership, Activity Plans to be Prepared, Budgeting to be 8 done
• Creating Enabling Environment • Promotion of Team Work, Participatory Decision Making, Promotion of Life Long Learning, M&E of 9 Innovation, Knowledge Sharing and Networking
• Enabling Adoption by Stakeholders • Sharing Knowledge among Stakeholders, Team to Replicate Initiative, Formulate clear Adoption Policy, Measure 10 and Report the Progress
• Implementation of Activity Plan • Identification and Training of Facilitators 11 • Monitoring and Evaluation of Interventions • Monitoring Indicators Developed, Development of MIS 12
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• Documentation Plan in Broad Diverse Forms • Development of Strategy for Documentation, Formalizing Sharing of Experiences 13 • Dissemination of Results • Preparation of Documents to be shared at Larger Platform, Planning of State Level/Country Level workshop 14 • Sustainability Measures for the Initiative • Institutionalize the Initiative, Promote Ownership of Stakeholders, Capacity Building, Sustainable Economic Resources, Planning for Team Withdrawal, Establish Communication Network, Balanced Equitable Distribution 15 of Benefits
7.9 Best fit-Success Story of Maan Gram Panchayat, District Pune, Maharashtra Maharashtra is India’s third largest state with area of 307,713 square kilometres. The state introduced empowerment process of the gram panchayats and Maan Gram Panchayat situated in Mulshi Block in Pune district is the shining example.
Both the models are good examples of good governance in local self-governments. The State may select any model for replication depending on state specific situations.
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8.0 Achieving ‘Total Financial Inclusion’ in West Tripura District through e-ROR (e-Record of Ordinary Residence) and Common Service Centres piloted at Mandwi block
8.1 Introduction and Context of Governance Initiative: of insurgency adversely affected • developmentThe ethnic violence of the area and leading four decadesto mass In Tripura, Financial Inclusion was introduced unemployment, extreme poverty and in Mandawi RD Block under West Tripura poor development of infrastructure. Thus District on 4th September 2012 as a pilot the majority of population was unaware project where all households (12910) were Bankers were also not interested due to through bank branches and particularly lowof financial prospect institutions of business. and instruments. throughprovided 4 financialCommon Service and banking Centres facilities (CSCs).
reconciliation once the development were done there, tracking each family on • Due to political stability and theThe basis Direct of Benefit e-ROR Transfer (e-Record (DBT) of Ordinary on NSAP transfer to individual usually got delayed. Residence). This e-Record has all details of started it was found that the benefit the family including status of bank accounts. This acted as database to identify uncovered • Targeting and identifying the genuine families. The entire Block of Madawi was beneficiary was also a problem. covered through CBS Bank accounts. The schemes, rampant corruption, presence • ofCash middleman, payment money of benefits lenders ofwere state all the problems. project importance is reflected in improved checkingquick delivery corrupt of practices.citizen centric services and entitlement, universal financial inclusion and must be channelled through individual’s • bankIt was accounts thought electronically, that the state minimising benefit
reducing delay in payment, ensuring tiers involved in fund flow thereby curbing pilferage and duplication. In accurate targeting of the beneficiary and track households without formal bank the process it was difficult to accurately
Figure 8.1: A view of Business at SBI Branch inclusion measures. account and reach to them with financial 8.2 Problem Definition: 8.3 Objectives of the governance Initiative: a tribal district. Mandwi is one of the Following were the main objectives of the • West Tripura district is predominantly remote Block of the district with almost Governance Initiative to ensure that: 95% tribal population. The people were not connected to formal banking. They bank. • One family has at least one account in the welfare schemes. were not getting their correct benefits of each family. • Provision of basic financial services to
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• schemes.Transparent and efficient transfer of Government benefits under different
middlemen. • Curbing delay and eliminating role of
feeling of security Research• Boost and to Evaluation thrift, financial Study benefits and
Research and Evaluation Study Figure 8.3: Self Employment-Weaving Shawl • Extension of credit in priority sector. Boost to thrift, financial benefits and feeling of 8.58.5 StrengthsStrengths of the of Initiativthe Initiative:e: security BoostExtension to thrift, of credit financial in priority benefits sector. and feeling of 8.5 Strengths of the Initiative: security Source of information of e-ROR: Extension of credit in priority sector. • GovernmentSource of workers information viz. GP level of officers e-ROR: and PRI were the main source of e-ROR SourceGovernment of information workers viz. of GPe -ROR: level Governmentinformatione-ROR information workers(76% respondents). viz. (76% GP levelrespondents). officers and PRIofficers were and the PRI main were thesource main of source e-ROR of information (76% respondents).
priority sector 24% Figure 8.2: Fisheries Project- Credit utilization in PRI/Govt worker 8.4 Implementation Strategy 76% 24% PRI/Govt worker Figure 8.Adopted: 2: Fisheries Project- Credit utilization in Neighbour 76% priorityFollowing sector were the key steps of the strategy Figure 8. 2: Fisheries Project- Credit utilization in Neighbour adopted for the implementation of the Figure 8. 4: Source of Information priority8.4 Implementation sector Strategy Adopted: Figure 8.4: Source of Information initiative. e-ROR had been made 8.4 Implementation Strategy Adopted: Figure EnrolmentEnrolment 8. 4: Source in inof e -InformationROR:e-ROR: e-ROR had been Following were the key steps of the strategy umadeniversal universal in Mandwi in Block Mandwi as all Block respondents as all adoptedaddress for the issues. implementation of the initiative. • Enrolmentacceptedrespondents in ininterview e accepted-ROR: ande-ROR induring interviewhad FGD.been made and Following• PlannedPlanned were and andthestructured key structured steps approach of approachthe to strategy address to uOpeningniversalduring FGD. inof Mandwi bank account: Block as allAll respondents participants adoptedissues. for the implementation of the initiative. acceptedhad bank in accounts. interview Tripuraand during Grameen FGD. Bank Planning at District and Block level. Openingand its business of bank correspondenceaccount: All participants and ultra • PlannedPlanning and atstructured District andapproach Block to level. address had bank accounts. Tripura Grameen issues.Involvement of Banks hadsmall bank branch accounts. hosted Tripura by SBI Grameen(key partners) Bank • wereBankOpening the and main of itsbank bankingbusiness account: service correspondence All participants providers in • PlanningCSCInvolvement-SBI Partnershipat District of Banksand Block level. and its business correspondence and ultra theand block. ultra 76% small respondents branch hosted had their by SBI account (key InvolvementCSC- Basix PPP of Banksapproach small branch hosted by SBI (key partners) • CSC-SBI Partnership inpartners) TGB and 24%were in the SBI main (Including banking ultra service small CSCUltra-SBI Small Partnership Branches to bridge the gap were the main banking service providers in branch). • CSCCommunityCSC-- Basix Basix PPP mobilization PPP approach approach theproviders block. 76% in respondentsthe block. 76% had respondentstheir account
• UltraRoleUltra ofSmall village Small Branches committeesBranches to bridge to bridge the gap the gap inhad TGB their and 24%account in SBI in (IncludingTGB and 24% ultra in small SBI CommunityRecord of Ordinary mobilization Residence branch).(Including ultra small branch). • Community mobilization Ultra Small Branch Household survey to update ROR Role of village committees hosted by SBI and • Recorde-RORRole to ofof act Ordinaryvillage as the committees Residencebase document to identify 24% Ultrarun by Small CSC Branch Householduncovered surveyfamilies to update and ROR sharing of • Record of Ordinary Residence hosted by SBI and einformation-ROR to act asby theBDO base with document the Banks. to identify 24% Tripura Grameen • Household survey to update ROR 76% run by CSC uncoveredOpeningidentify of uncoveredCBSfamilies accounts families andin major sharing and banks. sharing of Bank and its BC Village wise targets for banks. • informatione-ROR to by act BDO as with the the base Banks. document to Tripura Grameen Financialof information literacy camps. by BDO with the Banks. 76% Opening of CBS accounts in major banks. Bank and its BC Village wise targets for banks. Financial literacy camps. Figure 8. 5: Participation of Banks • Opening of CBS accounts in major banks. Figure State 8. 5 : ParticipationBenefit Transfer of Banks through Bank • Village wise targets for banks. Figure 8.5: Participation of Banks Accounts: 90% respondents received their • Financial literacy camps. StateMGNREGS Benefit payments Transfer in their through respective Bank bank 62 Accounts:accounts. Bank 90% accounts respondents have receivedalso been theirused MGNREGSfor IAY and payments DBT scheme in theirs. The respective scholarships bank to accounts.students Bankwere accounts also transferred have also been to usedbank foraccounts. IAY and 38% DBT of scheme respondentss. The scholarships said that their to studentsaccounts hadwere been also used transferred for other topurposes bank Figure 8. 3: Self Employment-Weaving Shawl accounts. 38% of respondents said that their accounts had been used for other purposes Figure 8. 3: Self Employment-Weaving Shawl Page 64
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Accounts: 90% respondents received their JSY and JSSK. • State Benefit Transfer through Bank o 100% transfer of benefits under IAY, MGNREGS payments in their respective o 100% coverage of NSAP bank accounts. Bank accounts have also been used for IAY and DBT schemes. o KCC loans increased many fold. The scholarships to students were also beneficiaries through banks transferred to bank accounts. 38% of o The initiative was emulated in respondents said that their accounts remaining 8 blocks as well. Researchhad been and usedEvaluation for other Study purposes like o All 98457 rural families had at least Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, Social one CBS bank account. Security Pension Scheme etc. 4% o 20 Ultra Small Branches were likerespondents RashtriyaKrishiVikasYojana, accepted that Socialtheir functional. Securityaccounts Pension had been Scheme used etc. for 4% KCC respondents purpose accepted that their accounts had been used o Credit in Agriculture and allied and 58% respondents said that their for KCC purpose and 58% respondents said services increased by 220% thataccounts their accountswere also were used also for usedSHG forrelated SHG between 2011-12 to 2012-13. relatedtransactions. transactions. o Suitable platform to achieve objectives of PMJDY. 58% 60% 38% 40% 4% Figure 8. 7: Old Age and Widow Pensioners with 20% Bank Passbook during weekly Payment Day 0% KCC SHG & Accounts other other than 8.6 Weaknesses of the Initiative: scheme MGNREGS
Sensitization of the Community:38% FigureFigure 8.6:8.6: LinkagesLinkages of Account withwith Government Government accepted that community meetings were the Scheme.Scheme. key source of sensitisation. 62% respondents Availability of Priority Sector Loan: 94% accepted that they were still ill informed respondents never took loan directly from the Figure 8.7: Old Age and Widow Pensioners with about financial inclusion. banks. Only 6% respondents accepted that Bank Passbook during weekly Payment Day respondents never took loan directly they had been offered priority sector loans • Availability of Priority Sector Loan: 94% Respondents suggestions for information thoughfrom itthe came banks. out during Only FGD6% that respondents subsidized 8.6 Weaknesses of the Initiative: dissemination on e-ROR, FI initiative: For loansaccepted under variousthat they schemes had like been KCC, SHGoffered etc. the gaps identified the suggestions were as were given. SHGs had received loans between priority sector loans though it came follows: Rs. 30,000/- to Rs. 60,000/- and they were accepted More meetingsthat community on financial meetings literacy. were runningtheir enterprises successfully and • Sensitizationo of the Community:38% the FIkey education source and of training sensitisation. to GP officers 62% payingunder their various loans inschemes time. like KCC, SHG o FI education and training to PRIs and etc.out were during given. FGD SHGs that had subsidized received loans respondentso accepted that they were still Achievement under adverse conditions: community leaders. o Allbetween 12910 familiesRs. 30,000/- in Mandwi to Rs. block 60,000/- had at least one CBS bank account. and they were runningtheir enterprises Saving Habit: 64% of the respondents were Presently 100% electronic wage payments ill informed about financial inclusion. o successfully and paying their loans in disseminationless interested in on saving e-ROR, in theirFI initiative: bank account. For were being made under MGNREGA through e- time. • RespondentOnly 36% accepted suggestions that they for prefer information frequent FMs. saving despite having limitations. Poor o 100% transfer of benefits under IAY, JSY and asawareness follows: about the benefit of savings the gaps identified the suggestions were JSSK. through bank was the main reason for poor 100%o Allcovera 12910ge of families NSAP beneficiaries in Mandwi through block •o Achievement under adverse conditions: savings. banks had at least one CBS bank account. o FI education and training to GP KCC loans increased many fold. o More meetings on financial literacy. o o Presently 100% electronic wage o The initiative was emulated in remaining 8 blockspayments as well. were being made under o FI education and training to PRIs officers o All 98457MGNREGA rural families through had e-FMs. at least one CBS and community leaders. bank account. 36% Yes o 20 Ultra Small Branches were functional. o Credit in Agriculture and allied services 64% 63 increased by 220% between 2011-12 to No 2012-13. Suitable platform to achieve objectives of o PMJDY. Figure 8. 8: Saving Habits
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like RashtriyaKrishiVikasYojana, Social Security Pension Scheme etc. 4% respondents accepted that their accounts had been used for KCC purpose and 58% respondents said that their accounts were also used for SHG related transactions.
58% 60% 38% 40% 4% Figure 8. 7: Old Age and Widow Pensioners with 20% Bank Passbook during weekly Payment Day 0% KCC SHG & Accounts other other than 8.6 Weaknesses of the Initiative: scheme MGNREGS
Sensitization of the Community:38% Figure 8.6: Linkages of Account with Government accepted that community meetings were the Scheme. key source of sensitisation. 62% respondents Availability of Priority Sector Loan: 94% accepted that they were still ill informed respondents never took loan directly from the about financial inclusion. banks. Only 6% respondents accepted that they had been offered priority sector loans Respondents suggestions for information though it came out during FGD that subsidized dissemination on e-ROR, FI initiative: For loans under various schemes like KCC, SHG etc. the gaps identified the suggestions were as were given. SHGs had received loans between follows: Rs. 30,000/- to Rs. 60,000/- and they were More meetings on financial literacy. runningtheir enterprises successfully and o Research FI and education Evaluation and training Study to GP officers paying their loans in time. o FI education and training to PRIs and Achievement under adverse conditions: o community leaders. arrangements. During festivals o All 12910 families in Mandwi block had at least one CBS bank account. were less interested64% of the in respondents saving in theirwere the problem increased many fold • SavingSaving Habit: Habit: 64% of the respondents o Presently 100% electronic wage payments lessbank interested account. in savingOnly 36%in their accepted bank account. that and conditions became extremely were being made under MGNREGA through e- Onlythey 36% prefer accepted frequent that they saving prefer frequentdespite stressful. FMs. savinghaving despitelimitations. having Poor awarenesslimitations. aboutPoor o 100% transfer of benefits under IAY, JSY and awareness about the benefit of savings o Data Migration: Both internet and JSSK. through bank was the main reason for poor GIS failed to work. Since the system 100% coverage of NSAP beneficiaries through o savings.the main reason for poor savings. banks the benefit of savings through bank was KCC loans increased many fold. still processed many applications o was yet to optimise, the BDO office o The initiative was emulated in remaining 8 manually. blocks as well. All 98457 rural families had at least one CBS o Poor Saving Habits: Bankers felt o business was not lucrative with bank account. 36% Yes o 20 Ultra Small Branches were functional. primary sector consumers. The o Credit in Agriculture and allied services 64% customer was interested only in increased by 220% between 2011-12 to No 2012-13. Suitable platform to achieve objectives of other areas of banking like loaning o PMJDY. andstate insurance benefit transfers etc. The tribal and not habit in Figure 8. 8: Saving Habits Figure 8.8: Saving Habits discouraged saving. o Poor Financial Literacy: Financial of the respondents agreed that bank loan • Protection against Middlemen: OnlyPage 22% 65 literacy among the villagers was not saved them from middlemen and their satisfactory. exorbitant rate of interest. But fear of default and complex banking procedures Some other shortfalls were fear of failure were the two main reasons for shying to repay loan among the people, lack away from banks for loan. However of awareness about state schemes, limited loaning was done through SHGs. lack of skill in micro branch operators and poor commission to Ultra Bank Branch operators/BC Actions:Though initial success of the • initiativeWeakness had with been Suggested praiseworthy Corrective yet o Corrective Action: The Government some challenges were still there, some of Tripura needs to look into these key issues were as follows: shortfalls carefully and devise plans to overcome through better physical o Connectivity and Power infrastructure, skilled manpower, Supply: These were important better connectivity and continuous infrastructure related issues. Gram inclusion. The programme of lacked proper connectivity and thus advocacy for banking and financial Panchayat office and bank branches they failed to serve. Downtime for camps for people were required to internet connectivity was very high. begeneral. continued cum-financial for some more literacytime.
commonly felt problem by bank 8.7 The Takeaways: Internet Traffic congestion was a branches as well as Micro Bank 8.7.1 Process Takeaways: operators. o Infrastructure: There was lack of Bank, Mandwi said that with gradual physical and human infrastructure. • perceptionBank manager change, of bank Tripura was forced Grameen to Community level Micro Banks provide cost effective universal banking did not have proper sitting
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solution to the people. Bankers like State the community banking. This will ensure Bank of India, Tripura Gramin Bank, the stability and sustainability of such United Bank of India and Canara Bank initiatives. brought innovation and reached people through business correspondence model exploitation of its fullest potential is and micro banking facilities in village. • highlyParticipation recommended of in VLEs/CSC all aspect of at The local youths trained as VLE’s to run implementation of EROR-FI or similar Common Service Centre proved asset to project in new location.
Figure 8.9: Key Role of ROR JSSK. It also achieved 100% coverage of 8.7.2 Sustainability Takeaways: transfer of benefits under IAY, JSY and customer satisfaction in the study was of NSAP beneficiaries through banks. The families have at least one CBS Bank high order. The community is involved. • A/C.Under Presently the e-ROR 100% initiatives electronic all 12910wage The local political representatives have payments under MGNREGA through eFMS been involved and played crucial role in were made. It achieved 100% electronic implementing this initiative. Therefore
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on demand side on the account of similar areas. community support and participation in the scheme it is sustainable. treasure of knowledge and best practices. • eRORThe pilot is example implementation of operational created excellence huge programme of the Union Government and delivery of state services to the door • havingOn supply many side common too, PM-JDY, objectives, a flagship was implemented. Therefore banks too were project has implication not only for to increase customer base. Therefore, Tripurastep of citizensbut also living whole in hinterland.country in Thethe these initiatives could be sustainable light of PM-JDY. if dovetailed properly with PM-JDY in tribal areas. its strength from responsive public • Government of Tripura has drawn 8.7.3 Replicability Takeaways: institutions and Panchyati Raj (Like in
8 blocks as well. All 98457 families ledcase by of local Mandwi MLA BDO for successful office, Panchayat e-RoR • (rural)The initiative have at was least emulated 1 CBS bank in remaining account implementationlevel officers, Chairman and later of on ADC FI and village) been in Tripura now. 20 nos. of Ultra small able to establish procedures and robust branches were functioning and increase infrastructure for successful conduct of in credit by 220% in Agri. and allied e-RoR and e-ROR powered FI Project. sector between 2011-12 to 2012-13 (Rs. 191.83 lacs to 423.35 lacs) was achieved. facilitated without any delay. Therefore It has provided suitable platform to theState experience secretariat/NIC/DM gained in officee-RoR alsoand achieve objectives of PMJDY. There the e-ROR powered FI Project is to be e-ROR initiatives can be replicated in the improvised to suit local needs. It would tribal blocks which are badly affected by be wise replication in tribal belts affected insurgency and naxalism. by naxalism and insurgency. Thus the initiative has a potential for replication in one of such CD block which had been the areas where tribal population under • Here it is noteworthy that Mandwi is similar circumstances of Naxal affected block is dense forested with hilly terrain areas in Bihar, Jharkhand, WB, AP, CG and badly hit by insurgent outfits. Mandwi dominated by Indigenous tribes. Once other states. ill known for its poor socio economic development is now one of the fastest initiative was right USB operating developing regions in the state. Thus this • agencyThe main and factor its commitment of the success to the incause. this initiative would be easily replicated in Therefore for replication the right type of the similar blocks in the country. agency having experience and potential
schemes and revamped structure by collaborating with commercial banks at • banks100% to DBT carry may out be branchless started foroperations various for micro financing at one hand and under competitive and comparative as well as up scaling. advantage can be adopted now. The the other is to be identified for replication experience and competence, then • existingIn case theagencies agency having is not been found successful having enhanced.deepening ofThis financial will provide services impetus coupled in other development sector but having towith Pradhan financial Mantri awareness Jan DhanYojana can bein
66 potential need to be identified. Their Research and Evaluation Study
capacity building should be done. for social development under its CSR • The industries are now having obligation eROR powered FI Project initiative also fund. These industries need to be roped • The strategies adopted in this eRoR and in for this function/ cause of social up- need and available local resources before liftment. replication.need to be modified to suit the local powered FI Project initiative the • While carrying out eRoR and eROR of USB agencies should be drafted by a standard operating procedures were not • legalThe terms professional and conditions ensuring for the engagement immunity developed. These need to be developed from any long term retaining obligation for smooth replication of e-ROR in other and linking with banking operations. blocks of Tripura as well as other states.
8.8 Way Forward for Replication of the Initiatives:
• Selection of District • All Areas have potential for Replication, PM-JDY is already in operation in the country, Poor Level of awareness, 1 Poor Access to Banks, Districts away from main Land and Affected by Insurgency
• Identification of Team • Persons having faith in Community Mobilization and Team Building, Past Achievers, Positive Attitude, 2 Experience in Multitasking environmen
• Situation Analysis • Status of Bank Accounts in the area, Status of Transactions-Current and Potential, Economic operations, 3 Exploitation by Middlemen and Money lenders, Financial Needs of the citizens
• Redefining Area Specific Problems • Banking needs and Availability, Finalize objectives of Interventions, Address Concerns of Stakeholders, ROR if 4 any
• Establishing strategic Plan Framework • Fine-tune the process of Implementation, Prepare strategic Plan Framework, Inclusiveness, Empowerment and Commitment, Setting Targets, Creating Conducive Environment, M&E Mechanism, Reward System for 5 Accountability and Innovativeness
• Selection of USB Operating Agency • Identify USB Agency, Finalize Selection Criteria, Sign MOU with Selected Agency 6 • Coordination & Integration into Policy Framework • Dovetail Existing Schemes of State and GoI, Prepare the Policy framework 7 • Agreement upon and Adoption of Guideline • Involve Political Leadership, Inform and Sensitize Leadership, Organize Workshop with Stakeholders, Modify 8 guideline & Action Plan if need be
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• Planning and Budgeting • Prepare budget Considering all sources of funds, Explore GoI Schemes, PP Partnerships, CSR funds, Approval 9 by Appropriate Authorities
• Creating Enabling Environment • Effective Leadership, Organizational Culture Supportive of Innovation, Promotion of Team Work, Promotion 10 of Lifelong learning, Monitoring the Implementation of Innovation, Knowledge Sharing and Networking
• Enabling Adoption by Stakeholders • Sharing of Knowledge among stakeholders Facilitators and Target beneficiaries, Put the teams in place, 11 Formulate Clear Adoption Policy, Process & Framework, Measure and Report Progress
• Implementation of Activity Plan • Identify and Train Facilitators 12
• Monitoring and Evaluation of Interventions • Develop Monitoring Indicators, Develop MIS 13 • Documentation Plan in Broad Diverse Form • Develop Strategy for Documentation, Sharing Inter District and Intra District Experiences, Establish a learning 14 organization
• Dissemination of Results • Plan State/Country Level Workshop for Experience sharing 15
• Sustainability Measures for the Initiative • Institutionalize the Initiative, Promote Ownership by Stakeholders, Capacity Building, Sustainable Economic Resources, Plan for Withdrawal of Implementation Team, Establish Communication Network, Balanced and 16 Equitable Distribution of Benefits
8.9 Best Fit-PM Jan DhanYojna in Tribal District of Sabarkantha, Gujarat Gujarat is referred to as jewel of western India because of its enterprise, entrepreneurial skills and contribution to the socio-economical wellbeing of the country. Spurred by many initiatives under PMJDY the state came up with a similar initiative in the Tribal district of Sabarkantha.
From replication point of view both the initiatives are excellent. Depending on the states local situation any model can be tried. However, Sabarkantha model is translating PMJDY on the ground which is a National Project to be implemented by all the states.
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9.0 Revival of Sasur Khaderi-2 Rivulet and its Origin Thithora Lake in District Fatehpur, U.P.
9.1 Introduction and Context of Governance Initiative: Like many rivers and lakes in our country Sasur Khaderi-2 Rivulet and its origin Thithora Lake got shrunk and dried- up long back due to reasons like:
• drought conditions for long. Figure 9.3: The Rivulet after rejuvenation catchment area. • encroachment and reduction of 9.2 Problem Definition: overuse. • no feeding from groundwater due to its Thirty eight km stretch of 46 km. Long River Sasur Khaderi–2 and its origin Thithora Lake in river bed due to siltation. • flattening of slope and aggradations of district Fatehpur (U.P.) were dry for years. The initiative sought to tackle acute water crisis in dry season and problem of water logging during rains by way of revival, restoration and rejuvenation of the rivulet and the lake. There was a need to recreate water storage Figure 9.1: Map showing the course of Rivulet capacity in the lake area of 7.537 hectare and The district administration came to know also improve ground water recharge together about these dried-up water bodies through a local saint ‘Swami Vigyananand’ and some same time there was need of preventing the other residents who have been trying for with flood mitigation during rains. At the their revival for a decade, but in vain. In this soil from turning sodic and infertile. backdrop, it was decided to rejuvenate both the water bodies by the state administration in the summer of 2013-14 under MNREGA. This initiative was for their revival.
Figure 9.2: The Rivulet before rejuvenation Figure 9.4: Lake Before Desilting
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9.3 Objectives of Governance for effective deployment of labour so as Initiative: to ensure proper slope ( 20 cm to 1 km) and trajectory of the channel. These initiatives aimed to:
river and Re- create and Restore its 38 • kmCarve silted out and the encroached trajectory ofreach. 46 km long
lake. (Thithora Jheel-5.4 ha, Thithora • talab-1.137De-siltation ha of and 7.537 RawatpurJheel- ha area of 1 ha). the
from lake in lean season. • Devise a mechanism to feed the river Figure 9.5: The river channel being dug to feed the lake with their residual and • surplusConnect water. the two adjoining canal tails ensure their wellbeing in the extremely • hotUtmost weather. care of the labour was taken to in its course. • Clear the drains which open into the river shed, stay, food and emergency medicines • likeArrangements ORS and making for the on-site drinking payment water, to in the river channel to retain water at the labourers were made at work-site. • differentConstruct reaches few well for designed various uses.check dams
and river banks. • Carry out plantation on Lake Periphery
9.4• DevelopImplementation lake site as a Strategylocal picnic spot. Adopted:
Meetings at all forty-two villages falling Figure 9.6: Desilting of Lake in process • inProject the project was launched area were on aheld mission with mode. gram pradhans and the community members to solicit their support. • laboursVacant school from far-off buildings villages. during May-June were utilized to provide shelter to the local industrialists etc. were also involved of work-force swelled to 4000 to 5000 • toSocial support groups, the mission.media, college principals, • everyStarting day from as the modest project 100,became the favourite number of the people. revenue records. • Demarcation of land was done as per
model adopted to reduce the quantity of • earthworkExcavation to plan 1/4th was in revised river section and Qunet and thereby reducing cost and time of the project to 1/3rd.
Figure 9.7: Labours at work • Training was given to supervisory staff 70 Research and Evaluation Study
throughout the implementation of the o 51.02% respondents were having • MNREGA guidelines were followed by Government officials. project. No complaint or criticism was MNREGA Job cards. made against the project team. o As far as role of respondents in the project was concerned, 57.14% and agencies involved was held every said they were labour, 36.73% as • eveningA coordination to review meeting the of allprogress departments and facilitator or waterman while 6.12% problems and do the planning for the were supervisor in the project. following day. • Status of Money Transfer under the Initiative:
o Mode of payment– 59.18% respondents were getting their payments through bank transfer in their bank accounts, 38.77% got their payments by cheque and only 4.08% respondents got their wages by cash. o Rates of wages– All the respondents received Rs. 161.00 per day which 9.5Figure 9.8:Strengths Office Discussion of the Initiatives: was approved Government rates in MNREGA. • Status of Awareness of Initiatives: • Use of Local Human Resources as o As far as awareness on the Project Inputs: intervention is concerned 71.42% people said that they were aware o Labourers worked per day– 63.26% that this project was implemented respondents said less than 1000 under MNREGA. labours would have worked per day while 36.73% respondents said o Regarding sources of awareness 1000 to 2000 labours would have 63.26% people said they had come worked in the project. to know regarding the project from o Sources of labour- 61.22% people said they came to know from respondents said labourers were localblock PRIs. level officials while 36.73% from project area while 38.77% respondents said that labourers • Status of Involvement of the local were from other than project area. community: o Lake water is being used for irriga- o 95.92% of respondents participated ting crops- 71.43% respondents in the project under MNREGA. said that lake water was being used o 69.38% respondents were motiva- in Rabi season, 24.49% respondents ted by Village Pradhans,12.24% said in kharif season while 4.08% were motivated by Radio said the lake water was being used advertisements, 16.32% were in both the seasons to irrigate corps. motivated by other sources and 2.04% respondents were motivated
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• Sharing of Goals: to ground water must have a bearing on o System of distributing water to • revivalThe Master and restoration Plan for artificial of extinct recharge water farmers- 93.88% respondents bodies. said Water User Associations had been formed to use the water for irrigation while 6.12% respondents • Convergence of different policies, opined that village wise days were water usage and conservation is the need ofprograms the hour. and There agencies are multiple in the agencies, field of policies and programs which have no o Criteria of sharing irrigation fixed to use the water. coordination with each other and often
respondents said the criteria of benefits among farmers– 87.75% work in conflict with each other. among farmers was only village and nobody’s baby. They must be owned, • Ponds and lakes are everybody’s business onsharing the river the bank irrigation while 12.25% benefits of respondents were of opinion that single agency at district level and urgent effortsdocumented are required and publicized for their widelyrestoration by a among farmers was all villages and up-keep. throughthe sharing which of river irrigation is passing. benefits Suggested Corrective Actions for Shortfalls o Presence of any patches of sodic and and Weaknesses: infertile soils in the area-100% of respondents opined that there were needed for sustainable success of water no sodic and infertile soils in the • conservationA follow- up programprojects. for 3 to 5 years is area.
development should be an integral part water from lake to river- 100% • ofRainwater the policy management framework. and Watershed o respondentsArrangements said to arrangements regulate flow had of
of water resources should be done at from lake to river. • Mapping and proper documentation been made to regulate water flow District Level. 9.6 Weaknesses of the Initiatives: treated as our water bank from where opined that there was water logging after • withdrawalGround water must resourcebe restricted should to 70% be • theWater project logging: while 79.60%20.40% respondents (to be ‘safe’) of deposit (recharge). For replied in negative. this, proper Water Budgeting is needed.
9.7 The Takeaways: • Flooding: 89.80% respondents were of the project completion while 10.20% 9.7.1 Process Takeaways: the opinion that there was no flood after
respondents replied in affirmation. groups, media, college principals and 69.38% respondents found improvement • localPrinciple industrialists of Local Involvement:etc. supported Social the • inImprovement rice yield in inother the crops yield like of pulses, crops: mission. millets, wheat and gram they found no improvement. land was done as per revenue records. • Handling Encroachment: Demarcation of
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check dams of 1mt height should be was revised and Qunet model adopted made to retain water to make wet • toAdopting reduce Qunet the quantitymodel: Excavation of earthwork plan land. to 1/4th in river section and thereby o There are 40 ‘Nalas’ nearby this reducing cost and time of the project to project they should be interlinked 1/3rd. over the phases under MNREGA so
supervisory staff for effective deployment and store water. that during rains they are utilized • ofCapacity labourer Building: so as to Training ensure properwas given slope to o Involve the community up to that ( 20 cm to 1 km) and trajectory of the extant so as the community own the channel project o Core team should stay at least 2-3 of the labour was taken to ensure their years so they can perform better • wellbeingSensitivity in for the Key extremely Players: hot Utmost weather. care and engage the community for their empowerment. 9.7.2 SustainabilityTakeaways: o There should not be check dams for 2-3 years until river settled. community and leadership which has 9.7.3 Replicability Takeaways: • ensuredThe initiative the ownership had involved and commitment the local After initiatives of Sasur Khaderi-2 , and representatives. This strengthened the the work on four more rivers - Chandaval sustainabilityof the local requirement. citizen and political in Mahoba, Lakheri in Jhansi and Ahnaiya and Sengur in Kanpur (Rural) and Auraiya districts have been taken up recently in UP. and the Dy Commissioner MNREGA This proved its replicability potential. Many • was/isSince the fundsactively were drawninvolved. from MNREGA The more replications are needed nationwide for maintenance of the infrastructure our safe and secure water future. created is continuing. This again has provided impetus for its sustainability. For replicating these interventions in other areas following factors need to be considered- local community without any bias and • Thirdly, the cause itself addresses the created common property/assets for initiated but it must be people-driven to the common use. Its acceptance and • ensureThe project its long of thisterm nature success. may be state- ownership was at high level.
Convergence and Cooperation are key o As baby care at least 5 years to • Capacity, Courage, Conviction, • Suggestions to improve sustainability: factors for such initiatives to succeed. nurture the project o Water committee should be formed mass rural employment under MNREGA. for maintenance of the project • Such projects are most appropriate for o Recharging: Lake and channels Revival and Restoration of surface water should be interlinked so as to bodies are very crucial for groundwater- recharge in lean season recharge and for improving the health of soil and village economy. 5 kms and after that up to 20 kms o There should be free flow up to 73 Research and Evaluation Study
9.8 Way Forward for Replication of the Initiatives:
• Identification of Team Members • Persons with Mission Mode Approach, Faith in Community mobilization and Team Building, Past Achievers, 1 Positive Attitude, To work in Multitasking environment
• Identification of Rivers, Lakes, Ponds and other water bodies • create inventory of such water bodies for the District and State 2 • Select Water Bodies for Rejuvenation and Development • Prepare Criteria for Intervention, Preference for - (i) Local Demand for rejuvenation (ii) High water storage and retention Capacity with lesser expenditure (iii) Increased water table and scenic Beauty, scope for Tourism 3 Development (iv) Community Involvement, Ownership
• Situation Analysis • Study Status of Water Bodies, Area Covered, Capacity, Seasonal Water Flow and Direction, Trend Analysis of 4 Rains, Survey the Area, Involve the Local Leaders
• Redefining Area Specific Problem • Prepare Project Report in Details, Answer Concerns of Major Stakeholders, Affect Modifications if Needed 5
• Establishing Strategic Plan Framework • Fine-tune process of Implementation, Prepare Strategic Framework, Effective Leadership, Inclusiveness, Empowerment and Commitment, Setting Targets and creating Conducive Environment, M&E Mechanism, 6 Reward System to Establish Accountability and Innovativeness
• Selection of the Implementation Agency • Release Adv. for Selection of Agency, Finalize Selection Criteria, Sign MOU with Selected Agency 7 • Agreement upon and Adoption of Guidelines • Involve Political Leadership, Inform and Sensitize with Data & Situation 8 • Planning and Budgeting • Prepare Budget Considering All Sources of Funds, Tap external Sources of Funds, Explore GoI Scheme, PP 9 Partnership, CSR Funds, Approval by Appropriate Authority
• Creating Enabling Environment • Effective Leadership, Organizational Culture Supportive of Innovation, Promotion of Team Work, Promotion 10 of Lifelong learning, Monitoring the Implementation of Innovation, Knowledge Sharing and Networking
• Enabling Adoption by Stakeholders • Sharing of Knowledge among Stakeholders, Facilitators and Target Beneficiaries, Placing Teams to Replicate 11 Initiative, Clear Adoption Policy, Process and Framework, Measure and Report Progress
• Implementation of Activity Plan • Identify and Train Facilitators 12
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• Monitoring and Evaluation of Interventions • Develop Monitoring Indicators, Develop MIS 13 • Documentation Plan in Broad Diverse Form • Develop Strategy for Documentation, Sharing Inter District and Intra District Experiences, Establish a learning 14 organization
• Dissemination of Results • Sharing of Documents at Larger Platform, Plan State and Country Level Workshops 15
• Sustainability Measures for the Initiative • Institutionalize the Initiative, Promote Ownership by Stakeholders, Capacity Building, Sustainable Economic Resources, Plan for Withdrawal of Implementation Team, Establish Communication Network, Balanced and 16 Equitable Distribution of Benefits
9.9 Best Fit- Saving Open Spaces and Urban Lakes (SOUL) and Cultural rejuvenation of twin city of Hubli-Dharwad, Karnataka:
The state of lakes and parks in the twin cities of Hubli-Dharwad degenerated with the drying up of lakes and pollution of parks. The initiatives aimed at building an environment friendly culturally strong and healthy city while creating a unique identity.
For replication the SOUL initiatives appear to be an excellent model for revival, rejuvenation and recreation of water bodies for interested state.
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10.0 Saving Open Spaces and Urban Lakes (SOUL) and Cultural Rejuvenation of Twin City of Hubli-Dharwad, Karnataka
10.1 Introduction and Context of 10.2 Problem Definition: Governance Initiative: The state of lakes and parks in the twin cities The twin city of Hubli Dharwad with an area of deteriorated with the drying up of lakes and 220 sq. km and population nearing 1 million pollution of parks due to encroachments, is the second largest city in Karnataka after sewage and garbage disposal. In addition they Bangalore. It is also industrially important. also became a hub of anti-social activities. The Due to its unique geographical location, the local politicians were also raising the issues for city is blessed with hillocks, lakes, plains and construction of memorials for internationally also a salubrious climate. Though the city popular son/daughters of the soil. There were is blessed with natural assets and cultural few or no places for recreation in these towns. legacy, the state of lakes and parks in the twin Problems leading to Initiative: city degenerated with the drying up of lakes and pollution of parks due to encroachments, sewage and garbage disposal. In addition they in the city also became a hub of anti-social activities. Lack • Lack of required coordinated investment of recreational and open spaces encouraged dump yards the then Deputy Commissioner to initiate • Neglected open spaces becoming garbage spaces and urban lakes to achieve sustainable development.revitalization ofIn theaddition city by to restoringthe restoration its open of • Pollution of lakes and their encroachment parks, open and recreational spaces the other • Lack of recreational space objective of the project was to restore the cultural legacy of Hubli-Dharwad, which was •10.3 Diminishing Objectives Quality of Governance of Life once a citadel of classical Hindustani Music. It Initiative: was in this background that the initiative was The initiative aimed at building an planned. environment friendly culturally strong and healthy city while creating a unique identity. Thus it aimed:-
1. To restore Lakes, Parks, open and recreational spaces.
2. To restore the cultural legacy of Hubli- Dharwad which was once the citadel of classical Hindustani Music.
• To rejuvenate lakes:
o Survey, Check encroachment,
o Desilting– Bund formation, waste Figure 10.1: A park after restoration Boundary fixation. water improvement.
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o Interception, Diversion of sewerage water. o Afforestation, landscaping, boating, recreational facilities.
Figure 10.4: Art and Culture programme
10.4 Implementation Strategy Adopted:
Figure 10.2: Lake which were under the control of different • bodies,Convergence under ofone different initiative. departments, • To save and develop open spaces:
o Clearance of garbage/vegetation. initiative towards rebuilding the • environmentalInculcating the sustainability need for a macro of the levelcity. This required convergence of funds o Afforestation and landscaping. o Boundary fixation. from various sources towards a larger o Pathways, amusement area objective rather than allocating them for development.
smaller insignificant items. other amenities. characteristic for the buildings by o Water supply, electrification, toilets • Introduction of unique architectural o Open air Theatres. involving architects.
district construction agency, “Dharwad • NirmithiMaximizing Kendra” the use which of serviceswas made of the implementing authority and helped in reduction of the cost of construction.
for each infrastructure set up to promote • culture.Creation of separate trusts and user fees Figure 10.3: Sefton Park Lake fees, lease of cafeteria and amusement • To carry out activities to promote • areaRevenue were through directed entry tickets,towards parking the culture: maintenance and sustainability of the o Establishment of Gurukul in project Hindustani Music. o Building auditoriums to encourage • Coordinated efforts practice, performance. • Stakeholder management o Setting up open air theatres. • Convergence of funds o Conduct weekend and annual events. • Uniqueness in architecture, aesthetics • Revenue for O&M 77 Research and Evaluation Study
environment friendly, culturally strong and framework healthy city. • Sustainability through institutional
• Rejuvenation of lakes • Develop Open Spaces • Infrastructure to nurture cultural legacy •10.5 SPV Strengths to maintain of the Initiative: • Initiative was able to enhance tourism and entertainment in the cities:
Visitor’s foot fall: Large number of persons visit at the developed sites. According to 42% respondents between 200-500 visitors come Figure 10.5: User Satisfaction daily to different sites and 30% respondents 10.6 Weaknesses of the Initiative: think that 100-200 visitors come daily.
• Community Involvement: used: Newspaper (18%), TV (18%) and • Source of Information were poorly ResearchThe involvement and Evaluation of community Study was not at the same level in all the 18 structures/ major source of information in that order Government officers (14%) were the lakes developed. It was noticed where ever but Many other sources of information community was involved the structures were sourcealso contributed of information to increate that orderawareness but Many but in Communitybetter condition Involvement: and more used. Where the otherat a verysources low rate of (2-8% information only). also Thecommunity involvement was of lesscommunity involved was the not encroach- at the contributed to create awareness but at a very same level in all the 18 structures/ lakes low rate (2-8% only). developed.ment has It taken was noticed place. Thewhere Sadhan ever community Kere, Unkal participate were poor: Advertisements wasLake involved and NunganVetta the structures are exampleswere in betterof high • AwarenessinAwareness the print mediaMethods Methods followed for for by needhoardings need to to conditionlevel of andcommunity more use d.involvement Where the community which are participate were poor: Advertisements in the print media followed by hoardings and wasbeing less used involved and even the encroachmentable to generate has revenues taken place. The SadhanKere,Unkal Lake and flexof awarenessboards were creation the aboutmajor thesource Project. of for maintenance. This was corroborated by NunganVetta are examples of high level of awarenessRadioand flex Jingles, boardscreation TV scrolling, wereabout thethe TV Project. major Talk shows, sourceRadio Jingles, TV scrolling, TV Talk shows, communitythe opinions involvement of the community which are andbeing users. used It Government workers and NGOs also Government workers and NGOs also andwas evenopined able that to meetingsgenerate wererevenues conducted for contributed in creating awareness about maintenance. This was corroborated by the contributed in creating awareness about opinions of the community and users. It was needneed to to participate participate but but poorly poorly used. used. Deputy Commissioner. opinedwith that the meetings local people, were conducted senior citizens with the and local people, senior citizens and Deputy • Trust Building of Community: Commissioner.
The community has shown trust towards the 8% Trust Building of Community: 10% Radio Jingles Thedevelopment community authorities.has shown trustIn addition towards tothe the TV Scrolling developmentrestoration authorities.of parks, open In additionand recreational to the 10% restorationspaces, the of project parks, hasopen restored and recreational the cultural TV Talk Shows spaces, the project has restored the cultural legacy of Hubli-Dharwad, which was once legacy of Hubli-Dharwad, which was once the the citadel for Hindustani music. People are Figure 10. 6: Use of Electronic Media citadel for Hindustani music. People are enjoying Figure 10.6: Use of Electronic Media the various facilities created under the enjoying the various facilities created under Use of Print and IPC was also poor as infrastructure. The urban development along the infrastructure. The urban development shown below. with the cultural development of Hubli-Dharwad along with the cultural development of Hubli- has been successful in building an environment friendly,Dharwad culturally has been strong successful and healthy in city.building an 50% 50%
78 16% 14%
0% Advs Hoardings Flex Boards
Figure 10. 7: Use of Print Media
Activities done by the Government to Sensitize the Community: A poor proportion of 20% respondents said that advertisements and special programmes were
Figure 10. 5: User Satisfaction arranged by the Government and 10% respondents told that they were sensitized by the
Government officers. Wall writings and 10.6 Weaknesses of the Initiative: flex/hoardings were also told by some respondents. Source of Information were poorly used: Community Opinions on Weaknesses: Newspaper (18%), TV (18%) and Clearing and maintenance is not proper, provide Government officers (14%) were the major entertainment programme in the lake, provision
Page 80 Research and Evaluation Study
source of information in that order but Many Community Involvement: other sources of information also The involvement of community was not at the contributed to create awareness but at a very same level in all the 18 structures/ lakes low rate (2-8% only). developed. It was noticed where ever community was involved the structures were in better Awareness Methods for need to condition and more used. Where the community participate were poor: Advertisements in was less involved the encroachment has taken the print media followed by hoardings and place. The SadhanKere,Unkal Lake and flex boards were the major source of NunganVetta are examples of high level of awareness creation about the Project. Radio community involvement which are being used Jingles, TV scrolling, TV Talk shows, and even able to generate revenues for Government workers and NGOs also maintenance. This was corroborated by the contributed in creating awareness about opinions of the community and users. It was need to participate but poorly used. opined that meetings were conducted with the local people, senior citizens and Deputy Commissioner. 8% Trust Building of Community: 10% Radio Jingles The community has shown trust towards the TV Scrolling development authorities. In addition to the 10% restoration of parks, open and recreational TV Talk Shows spaces, the project has restored the cultural Research and Evaluation Study legacy of Hubli-Dharwad, which was once the Figure 10. 6: Use of Electronic Media citadel for Hindustani music. People are enjoying the various facilities created under the • UseUse of of PrintPrint andand IPCIPC waswas alsoalso poorpoor asas o Increase time in the Park in the infrastructure. The urban development along shownshown below. below. morning with the cultural development of Hubli-Dharwad has been successful in building an environment o Reduce entry fees friendly, culturally strong and healthy city. 50% o Provide transport facilities 50% o Solve parking problem particularly 16% 14% during festival season 0% o Restrict outside food Advs Hoardings Flex Boards o Restrict Beggars inside park
Figure 10. 7: Use of Print Media o Clean the lake water Figure 10.7: Use of Print Media o Provide Proper drainage facility Activities done by the Government to • Activities done by the Government to Sensitize the Community: o Clean ponds regularly. A poorSensitize proportion the of Community: 20% respondents said that advertisements and special programmes were o Restrict use of Plastic in the Park A poor proportion of 20% respondents said Figure 10. 5: User Satisfaction arranged by the Government and 10% o Restrict entry of lovers in the Park respondents told that they were sensitized by the that advertisements and special programmes Government officers. Wall writings and o Entertainment programmes in the 10.6 Weaknesses of the Initiative: were arranged by the Government and 10% flex/hoardings were also told by some Park be arranged respondents. Source of Information were poorly used: Community Opinions on Weaknesses: o Playing facilities for children should Newspaper (18%), TV (18%) and respondentsClearing and maintenance told that they is not were proper, sensitized provide be provided in the Park. Government officers (14%) were the major byentertainment the Government programme officers. in the Walllake, provision writings respondents. o Government should provide and flex/hoardings were also told by some • Community Opinions on Weaknesses: Page 80 development and maintenance Clearing and maintenance is not proper, everysufficient year. funds for sustainable provide entertainment programme in the lake, o Arrangements should be made for provision of security to parks, improvement waste disposal. of water, provide freedom to the public were some other suggestion by the respondents. o Involve the public and local leaders in the development • Respondents suggestions for o Create awareness about lakes. Improvement: o Form management Committees. o Development should be a continuous 10.7 The Takeaways: process. o Provide transport facility. 10.7.1 Process Takeaways: o Motivate people to involve in the development of lakes and temple. tourists and generated revenue. In the • The interventions were able to attract o Introduce wild animals in the park process rates of service charges were to attract public. decided by the trusts formed out of the local community. o Provide musical Instruments and Internet Connection. o Introduce medicinal plants in the and environment protection and • It was able to generate self -employment park. entertainment as by product. o Government should advertise for Parks. where ever community was involved • Community Involvement: It was noticed 79 Research and Evaluation Study
the structures were found in better the structures which were developed condition and more used. Where ever on the demand and involvement of local the community was least involved the community, their sustainability was encroachment has taken place. The higher than those where involvement of Sadhan Kere, Unkal Lake and Nungan local community was less. Vetta are examples of high level of community involvement which are being used and even able to generate revenues for maintenance. On the other hand Sukshetra Someshwar temple and lake where community was poorly involved had been encroached by brick layers. This was corroborated by the opinions of the community and users. It was opined that meetings were conducted with the Figure 10.8: Cultural activity
Commissioner, where as few said that local people, senior citizens and Deputy City Development Funds and the Dy • CommissionerSince the funds was wereactively drawn involved, from leaders were involved. Government the maintenance of the infrastructure createdonly Government awareness officials and andTrust political of created its continuity because of 2 Sukshetra Someshwar temple motivated major sustainability interventions. In and involved people. many of the parks and lakes a visitor’s fee is collected. This generates funds shown trust towards the development for maintaining the structure in future. • authorities.Trust Building: In addition The to community the restoration has Secondly the community involvement of parks, open and recreational spaces, in decision making and construction the project has restored the cultural activities was another feature to increase legacy of Hubli-Dharwad, which was once sustainability. Thirdly the quality of the citadel for Hindustani music. People construction was maintained due to the were enjoying the various facilities construction agency (Nirmiti Kendra) created under the infrastructure. This is a testimony of the effectiveness of the under the headship of Dy. Commissioner. which runs as not-for-profit organization initiative. The urban development along with the cultural development of Hubli- and Someshwar Tank), visited by our Dharwad has been successful in building • teamTwo ofwhere the community structures (Sanjeevaniinvolvement Park was an environment friendly, culturally least the use of these structure was very strong and healthy city. less. Infact at one place encroachment 10.7.2 Sustainability Takeaways: has taken place. Therefore, one may conclude that the structures will local community involvement, are sustainable community and leadership which has for a longer period. • ensuredThe initiative the ownership had involved and commitment the local
representatives. This strengthened the local community in many cases without • Thirdly, the cause itself addresses the sustainabilityof the local requirement. citizen and For example political any bias and created common property/
80 Research and Evaluation Study
assets for the common use. Its acceptance and ownership was at high level therefore Convergence and Cooperation are key sustainability is enhanced. • factorsCapacity, for such Courage, initiatives to Conviction,succeed.
fees for each infrastructure set up to small step in itself but it’s a giant leap • promoteCreation culture of separate was an trusts instrument and user for • towardsRevival of showing lakes under us the SOUL way as may how be to a sustainability. bring back to life, our lost water- bodies with the initiative of government and involvement of the people. fees, lease of cafeteria and amusement • areaRevenue were through directed entry tickets,towards parking the maintenance and sustainability of the Department of Land Resources, Ministry project. • ofOur Rural research Development, team collected GOI and data Ministry from of Environment and Forest, Ministry of
fencing of revenues, generate surplus schemes having similar objectives. By • afterThus O&M,the diverse development sources of revenue,autonomous, ring dovetailingTourism identified their requirement that they have the states some fast decision making institutional can replicate these interventions in their structure and Involvement of local state at larger platform.
which helped sustainability of initiatives. citizens/volunteers were key aspects of trusts, collection of user fees and 10.7.3 Replicability Takeaways: • constitutionThe strategy adoptedof Society such for as construction formulation activities are worth emulation. initiated but it must be people-driven to Community participation needs to • ensureThe project its long of thisterm nature success. may be state- be ensured in all the activities while replicating.
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10.8 Way Forward for Replication of the Initiative:
• Identification of Team Members • Persons with having Mission Mode Approach, Formation of State Mission/State Project Units, Faith in 1 Community Mobilization and Team Building, Past Achievers with Positive attitude and Team Approach
• Identification of Rivers, Lakes, Ponds and Cultural Structures • Create an Inventory in the State/District/Block 2 • Selection of Water Bodies for Rejuvenation and Cultural Structures for Development • Prepare Criteria of Selection, Local Community Demand and involvement, High water storage and Retaining 3 capacity with Lesser expenditure, Facilitating Water recharge, Tourism Possibilities, Sharing of benefits
• Situation Analysis • Survey of the Area, Involve Local Leaders, Convergence of different Departments, Rebuilding Environmental Sustainability, Convergence of Funds from Various Sources, Maintain Architectural Characteristics of buildings, 4 Services of Construction Agency, Creating Separate Trusts and User Fees, Possibility of Levying Fees/Revenue for Operation and Maintenance
• Redefining Area Specific Problem • Preparation of Detailed Project Report, Answering Concerns of Major Stakeholders 5 • Establishing Strategic Plan Framework • Fine-tune Process of Implementation, Focus on effective Leadership, Inclusiveness, Empowerment and 6 Commitment, Setting Targets and creating conducive Environment, M&E Mechanism, Reward System
• Selection of Implementation Agency • Finding a Government Department, Formation of a Separate Society, Releasing Advertisements, Finalization of 7 Selection Criteria
• Agreement Upon and Adoption of Guidelines • Involve State and District Level Leadership, Sensitization with data and situations 8 • Planning and Budgeting • Development of Activity Plans, Rejuvenation of Lakes, Saving and Developing Open Spaces, Initiative to Promote Culture, Preparation of Budgets and Its Approval, GOI Schemes, PPP, CSR Funds be explored, 9 Conduct of Logical Framework Approach Workshop
• Creating Enabling Environment • Participatory and Empowering Approach, Innovation Supportive Organization Culture, Promotion of Team 10 Work, Monitoring the Implementation of Innovation, Knowledge Sharing and networking
• Enabling Adoption by Stakeholders • Sharing of Knowledge, Placing Teams to replicate Initiative, Formulation of Adoption Policy, Process & 11 Framework, Measure and Report Progress
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• Implementation of Activity Plan • Identification and Training of Facilitators, Selection of Team Members 12 • Monitoring and Evaluation of Implementations • Develop MIS 13 • Documentation Plan in Broad Diverse Forms • Formalize Sharing of experience, Establish a Learning Organization 14
• Dissemination of Results • Preparation of Documents to be Shared at Larger Platform, State and Country Level Workshops 15
• Sustainability Measure for the Initiatives • Institutionalization of Initiative, Promotion of Ownership by Stakeholders, Capacity Building, Sustainable Economic Resources, Withdrawal of Intervention Team, Establishment of Communication Networks, Balanced 16 Equitable Distribution of Benefits
10.9 Best Fit- Rejuvenation of Sasur Khaderi-2 Rivulet and its Origin Thithora Lake in Distt. Fatehpur, U.P.
After identifying factors as strengths and weaknesses on similar initiatives namely - Rejuvenation of Sasur Khaderi-2 Rivulet and its Origin Thithora Lake in District Fatehpur, U.P. from replication point of view both the models have their own strengths and weakness. However SOUL model appears to be better as it covers number of water bodies, their rejuvenation and recreation and this model is more sustainable as it has better level of community involvement and capacity sustainability. building of autonomous organizations like Nirmiti Kendra for ensuring maintenance and
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11.0 Skill Development Programme to Impart Vocational Training to Tribal Youth of Gadchiroli, Maharashtra
11.1 Introduction and Context of 11.2 Problem Definition: Governance Initiative: Gadchiroli is characterised by: In order to increase the employability of the youth Skill Development Program was activities. initiated on the guidelines of Prime Minister’s • Intense Left Wing Extremism (LWE)z Counsel for Skill Development. The Career Guidance and Counselling Centre (CGCC) in the State. • Lowest Human Development Index (HDI) was established in the district to regulate the program under the control of the District on Agriculture and Forest. Skill Development Executive Committee. The • 90% tribal population, mainly, dependent District Collector is the chairperson of this district committee. • Absence of any industry in the
The unemployed/ underemployed youth • Lack of opportunity and exposure. underwent counselling at the village education opportunities and lack of level which was followed by an entrance • employmentThe youth of were the easy district targets due of to naxals poor examination in the form of an aptitude test operating in the area. and personal interview. The candidates were
increasing continuously at the same time Construction and Automobile repair and • unemploymentDemand for skilledwas also manpower increasing. was hencetrained onwards. into three The domains CGCC was viz. also Hospitality, planning to scale up for 13 more disciplines. 11.3 Objectives of Governance Initiative: The concept was to identify the youth to whom quality skill development training could be imparted which would help to bridge qualitative vocational training to rural, • To provide industry specific and belonging to the family of Left Wing gap. Apart from providing consistent and up the unemployment vs. labour deficiency Extremismmarginalized (LWE) youth, especiallyultras, violence children sustainable source of income, the program affected families. was also assisting in reducing disguised unemployment in agriculture sector. • aTo new impart social knowledge, identity skillswithin and the attitude, family, villagewhich makesand the them community. confident, gives them
garner public support, in a district which • isImprove battling the LWE image insurgency of administration for last and 35 years. 11.4 Project Implementation Strategy:
counsellors. Figure 11.1: District Business Education and • Higher grassroots coverage through
Training84 Office Research and Evaluation Study
examinationResearch and Evaluationand interview Study which required, new batch was started to • enabledSelection to identify of candidates the trade that through was • accommodateConsidering the requirement flexibility and every frequency month. Research and Evaluation Study suitable for the selected candidate as well as the market demand for such trade. Training and Transportation charges were whoIn past were three trained, years, 88% had of been the candidates, successfully directly borne by Dist. Administration while who were trained, had been successfully Training and Transportation charges were • InIn pastpast three ye years,ars, 88% 88% of ofthe the candidates, candidates, expenditure on food and accommodation placed,placed, many many of of them them in inmajor major cities cities and and directly borne by Dist. Administration while who were trained, had been successfully chargeswas bornewere bydirectly the institute borne which by Dist.was industries.industries. • Trainingexpenditure andon food and Transportation accommodation placed, many of them in major cities and Administrationwasreimbursed borne afterby while thecompletion institute expenditure of thewhich training. wason industries.On an average, the candidate received Rs. foodreimbursedThere and wasaccommodation no after cost completion to the candidate. was of the borne training. by On8500/ an - average,per month the candidate along withreceived a jobRs. Considering the flexibility and frequency Rs.availability 8500/- for per across month the year. along with a job the instituteThere was which no cost wasto the reimbursed candidate. after 8500/- per month along with a job Consideringrequired, new the flexibilitybatch was and started frequency to • availabilityOnavailability an average, for for across across the the candidateyear.the year. received completionrequired,accommodate ofnew the requirement training.batch was everyThere started month. was noto cost accommodateto the candidate. requirement every month.
FigureFigure 11. 11.2: 2: Vocational Vocational Skill Skill Training Training Programme Programme
Figure 11. 3: CGCC Process in Picture
FigureFigure 11. 11.3: 3: CGCC CGCC Process Process in Picture in Picture
Page 86
Page 86 85 Research and Evaluation Study
11.5 Strengths of the Initiatives: o More choice of trades to job seekers. o Selection of trainees on proper • Unique features of the Scheme: Research and Evaluation Study assessment test and counselling. o Target Group – School/College drop • Problem Solving Strategy: Research andouts, Evaluation 10th-12th Studyfailed, unemployed o LWE initially tried to dissuade the 11.5 Strengthsyouths. of the Initiatives: o trainees for not joining the courses. o Admission to all category of Selection of trainees on proper assessment test 11.5 Strengths of the Initiatives: o Selection of trainees on proper assessment test Uniquestudents. features of the Scheme: andProblemand counsellin counselling. Solvingg. Strategy:
o training agency, the efforts were to o Training Centers Registered as VTP. o o It was difficult to search appropriate Unique features of the Scheme: th Problem convinceSolving Strategy: the prospective agency. Targetth Group – School/College drop outs, 10 - LWE initially tried to dissuade the trainees for Targeto o GroupMin. –70% School/College Placement drop of outs, trained 10th- oLWE initially tried to dissuade the trainees for o 12 failed, unemployed youths. o 12oth failed,students unemployed Mandatory. youths. not notjoiningo joiningSelection the the courses. courses. of right type of vocation Admission to all category of students. It was difficult to search appropriate training Admissiono to all category of students. It was difficultwhich tomay search keep appropriate trainees engaged. training o Training Centers Registered as VTP. o agency, the efforts were to convince the Trainingo 3 Centers month Registered retention ason VTP. job. oagency, the efforts were to convince the o Min. 70% Placement of trained students prospectiveo Retaining agency. the trainees for full time Min.o 70% Placement of trained students prospective agency. o Mandatory. Selection of right type of vocation which may Mandatory.o oSelection ofof training.right type of vocation which may 3 month retention on job. o keep trainees engaged. 3o montho Biometricretention on Attendance job. of trainees. o o o NSDC/NCVTNSDC/NCVT Certification. Certification. keepRetainingo traineesGetting the engaged. trainees full time for fullemployment time of training. and NSDC/NCVTo Certification. o o BiometricNo cost Attendance to students. of trainees. o RetainingGettingtheir the full trainees retainership. time for employment full time of training. and their Biometrico Attendance of trainees. o No cost to students. o Gettingretainership. full time employment and their o No costMore to choicestudents. of trades to job seekers. retainership. o More choice of trades to job seekers.
Ms. Renuka Gawade from Talwada, Ms. RenukaGawade from Talwada, district Gadchiroli (Maharashtra). district Gadchiroli (Maharashtra).th Daughter of a farmer, 12 passed, Daughter of a farmer, 12th passed, joined joined the PACE Hospitality training the PACE Hospitality training centre in centre in Khajuraho (M.P.). After Khajuraho (M.P.). After completing the completing the course she got the course she got the placement in the placement in the Leonia Holistic Leonia Holistic Destination in Destination in Hyderabad. Her stipend Hyderabad.was Rs. Her 6000/- stipend along wa s withRs. 6000/ food - and alongaccommodation. with food and She accommodation. was happy to get
She wathes happy opportunity to get the to opportunity do job in such to a General appearance before Professional experience after Training (Low confidence) Training (high confidence) do jobseven in suchstar hotela seven and becomestar hotel role and model
becometo the role tribal model girls to of the Gadchiroli. tribal girls of General appearance before Professional experience after Figure 11. 4: Success story of RenukaGawade Gadchiroli. Training (Low confidence) Training (high confidence) Figure 11.4: Success story of Renuka Gawade sources of awareness newspapers, Creating Awareness • Creating Awareness school teachers, and Patwari were Figureo 11. 4: Success story of RenukaGawade also prominent. Counselor 16.7% All beneficiaries were aware of this scheme Creatingthis Awareness scheme being run under being run under Employment and Self- 46.6% Word of All obeneficiaries EmploymentAll beneficiaries were awareand Self-employment wereof this awarescheme of mouth o employment Guidance Programme of 36.7% Counselor beingo run under Employment and Self- government.Guidance Programme of 16.7% Any other employment Guidance Programme of 36.7%government. beneficiaries said they came to know 46.6% Word of government. regarding this scheme by word of mouth, mouth 36.7% beneficiaries said they came to know 36.7% o 16.7%came of beneficiariesto know were regarding made aware this by Figure 11. 5: Awareness Programme regarding this scheme by word of mouth, Any other o counsellors.scheme36.7% by Among beneficiaries word the of othermouth, said sources 16.7% they of 16.7%awareness of beneficiaries newspapers, were made school aware teachers, by counsellors. Among the other sources of andPatwariwerealsoby counsellors. prominent. Among the other awareness newspapers, school teachers, Figure 11. 5: Awareness Programme of beneficiaries were made aware Figure 11.5: Awareness Programme andPatwariwerealso prominent. 86 Page 85
Page 87 Research and Evaluation Study Research and Evaluation Study • Mobilization: • Motivation: Research and Evaluation Study Mobilization: 43.3% of respondents were motivated on Research and Evaluation Study 63.7% of respondents were mobilized by word of the Motivatibasis ofon: unemployment; again 43.3% of mouth63.7% publicity, of respondents 20% of beneficiaries were mobilized were by 43.3% of respondents were motivated on the respondents were motivated on the ground of mobilizedwordMobilization: of bymouth orientation publicity, workshops 20% of beneficiariesand 16.7% basis of unemployment; again 43.3% of of 63.7beneficiaries% of respondents were mobilized were mobilized by government by word of respondentsguaranteed Motivati employmentwereon: motivated while on the6.7% ground each ofof 11.5 Strengths of the Initiatives: were mobilized by orientation workshops o officials.mouth publicity, 20% of beneficiaries were guaranteed43.3% of emprespondentsloyment werewhile motivated6.7% each on ofthe andmobilized 16.7% by of orientation beneficiaries workshops were mobilized and 16.7 %by basis of unemployment; again 43.3% of Selection of trainees on proper assessment test beneficiariesof drudgery wereof agriculture motivated andon the placement ground ofin of beneficiaries were mobilized by government respondents were motivated on the ground of and counselling. government officials. drudgerybeneficiaries of agriculture were motivated and placement on the groundin big Unique features of the Scheme: Problem Solving Strategy: officials. bigguaranteed cities. employment while 6.7% each of cities. o o By Orientation beneficiaries were motivated on the ground of th 20% Workshops drudgery of agriculture and placement in big Targetth Group – School/College drop outs, 10 - LWE initially tried to dissuade the trainees for o o cities. 6.7% Un employment 12 failed, unemployed youths. not joining the courses. By Govt. o By Orientation Admission to all category of students. 63.7% 16.7% Employees o It was difficult to search appropriate training 20% Workshops Drudgery of Training Centers Registered as VTP. agency, the efforts were to convince the 6.7%43.3% Un employment o AnyBy other Govt. Agriculture Min. 70% Placement of trained students prospective agency. Guaranteed o Employees 43.3% Mandatory. Selection of right type of vocation which may 63.7% 16.7% EmploymentDrudgery of o o 3 month retention on job. keep trainees engaged. Any other 43.3% PlacementAgriculture in big o o NSDC/NCVT Certification. Retaining the trainees for full time of training. 43.3% citiesGuaranteed o Figure 11. 6: Mobilization 6.7% Biometric Attendance of trainees. Getting full time employment and their Employment o Figure 11. 7: Motivation Placement in big No cost to students. retainership. Figure 11.7: Motivation More choice of trades to job seekers. Figure 11. 6: Mobilization 6.7% cities
Figure 11. 7: Motivation
Ms. Renuka Gawade from Talwada, Figure 11.6: Mobilization district Gadchiroli (Maharashtra). th Daughter of a farmer, 12 passed, joined the PACE Hospitality training centre in Khajuraho (M.P.). After completing the course she got the placement in the Leonia Holistic Destination in Hyderabad. Her stipend was Rs. 6000/- along with food and accommodation. She was happy to get Figure 11. 8: Beauty and Tailoring the opportunity to do job in such a General appearance before Professional experience after Figure 11.8: Beauty and Tailoring Training (Low confidence) Training (high confidence) General Strengths of the Initiative: o Successful placement of trained youth in seven star hotel and become role model Figure 11. 8: Beauty and Tailoring o Higher grassroots coverage through major cities and industries. to the tribal girls of Gadchiroli. • counsellors.General Strengths of the Initiative: NSDC/NCVTo No training certification. cost to the candidates. General Strengths of the Initiative: o o Successful placement of trained youth in Figure 11. 4: Success story of RenukaGawade Selection of candidates through examination Jobo availabilityFlexibility across in frequency the year. to start new o o Highero Higher grassroots grassroots coverage coverage through o major cities and industries. Creating Awareness and interviews. New socialbatches. identity to rural marginalized counsellors.counsellors. o o NSDC/NCVT certification. o Counselor o AdmissionSelection to of all candidates categories through of students. examination ruralJob tribalavailability youth. across the year. o o Selection of candidates through o o Training centres registered as VTP. 16.7% Identification of trade as per market demand. Providing opportunities and exposure to All beneficiaries were aware of this scheme o and interviews. o New social identity to rural marginalized Industry examinationspecific qualitative and interviews. vocational oruralo youth.Successful placement of trained being run under Employment and Self- 46.6% Word of o Admission to all categories of students. rural tribal youth. mouth otraining. employment Guidance Programme of 36.7% Identificationo Admission of trade to as perall marketcategories demand. of o Weaning Providingyouth away inopportunities majorthe rural cities and and and tribal exposureindustries. youth to o o o government. Any other No training cost to the candidates. from joining left wing extremists operating in o o Industrystudents. specific qualitative vocational rural youth. 36.7% beneficiaries said they came to know o Flexibilitytraining. in frequency to start new batches. theWeaning area. away the rural and tribal youth regarding this scheme by word of mouth, o o Job availability across the year. o TrainingNo training centres cost registered to the candidates. as VTP. ofrom NSDC/NCVT joining left wing certification. extremists operating in 16.7% of beneficiaries were made aware by Figure 11. 5: Awareness Programme o demand. Flexibility in frequency to start new batches. othe area.New social identity to rural counsellors. Among the other sources of o o Identification of trade as per market awareness newspapers, school teachers, Training centres registered as VTP. o Page 88 andPatwariwerealso prominent. vocational training. o Providing opportunities and o Industry specific qualitative marginalized rural tribal youth. Page 88 Page 85 87 Research and Evaluation Study
exposure to rural youth. o Weaning away the rural and consistent and sustainable source of deficiency gap. Apart from providing tribal youth from joining left wing income, the program was also assisting extremists operating in the area. in reducing disguised unemployment in agriculture sector. This had a potential to 11.6 Weaknesses of the Initiative: reduce the burden on agriculture at one hand and on the other it has a potential to retain the trainee at new places of • LWE activity in the area. engagement. Thus this intervention has youth from training left to parents. high level of sustainability component. • Convincing ultra-not to dissuade tribal
retainership of trainees for full time. also launched Deen Dayal Upadhyay- • Getting full time employment and their • GrameenSecondly, GovernmentKaushalya Yojana of India (DDU- has media. GKY). The strategy of this initiative in • Non-involvement of print and electronic consonance with DDU-GKY has high level of sustainability strength. • Difficulty in identifying a training agency. operate in the area. • Unwillingness of training agency to building under various schemes of • ForestThere areDwellers adequate of Ministry budgets of for Tribal skill Affairs, Schemes of Department of • Highly district administration cantered. Forest and Environment and DDU-GKY 11.7• No The plan Takeaways: for the withdrawal of initiative. etc. Therefore, it requires integrated approach for sustainability. 11.7.1 Process Takeaways:
development initiatives has been the least counselling centre. • asThe the oppositionrole of convincing of naxals the naxals on skillwas • Establishment of guidance and left on the parents/ community rather executive committee. than the project staff being engaged • Formulation of district skill development to convince the naxals. Therefore the constraints raised by naxalism before • Identification of youth for training. DDU-GKY and other schemes can be • Identification of training agency. managed by the strategies adopted by this initiative. • No cost to the trainees. batches for training • Flexibility in frequency of start of new it requires the involvement of the • For sustaining these interventions qualitative vocational training. community and their ownership. Here • Demand driven industry specific the community involvement started from the stage when choices for trades • Successful placement after training. of training were sought through a formal •11.7.2 Retainership Sustainability after Takeaways: training. application. Thereafter the similar types of trade were grouped together. The counselling of the youths was provided youth to whom quality skill development by the committees formed at block • trainingThe initial could concept be imparted was to which identify would the anddistrict level. This developed the help to bridge the unemployment: labour ownership.
88 Research and Evaluation Study
the cost of training. Therefore, the trainer key factor is motivation by live and had to provide employment. • accessibleFor sustaining local the role interventions models. The personsanother trained in initial batches are now withdrawal from project strategy need successfully working in large towns like • toFor be developed ensuring along sustainability with intervention the Mumbai, Pune, Panaji (Goa), Nagpur and strategy. It will be a triggering point for other large towns. The earlier trained empowering the local community to persons are able to provide buffer for take over the project and make more initial period of posting or searching jobs. sustainable. This issue could not be This again enhanced the sustainability of addressed by the administrators. this initiative.
to have MOU with industries for meeting • theirThe training labour needs.agency Therefore, has been themandated trades for training are directly linked with the current skill gaps of the employers. This has again enhanced the sustainability dimension of these initiatives.
the training agency need to provide wage • orOne self-employment of the condition to under the tune MoU of was 50% that of Figure 11.9: Training in construction
Figure 11.10: Hospitality Training
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11.7.3 Replicability Takeaways: by involving the stakeholders and the The initiative has a potential for replication committeesfor skill building constituted had for been the identified purpose the among tribal population under similar in Gadchiroli. The same strategy will help circumstances of naxal affected areas in at replication stage. Bihar, Jharkhand, WB, AP, CG and other states. Therefore the strategy adopted at Gadchiroli will provide lessons. of training agencies should be drafted by a • legalThe terms professional and conditions ensuring for the engagement immunity from any long term retaining obligation carried out from decades for tribal and linking with the employment of • development.The experiments There of are skill Training building Cum are trainees and industries supporting the Production Units (TCPCs) established training agency. under Tribal Area Development Plans of different state governments. This strategy can be amalgamated with for social development under its CSR their training centres for the trades • funds,The industries they need are to now be havingroped inobligation for this function/ cause of social upliftment. intervention strategies. identified using similar approaches and
initiative was right training agency and • outcome,Scheme needssuccess to of bethe incorporatedproject, it needs in • itsThe commitment main factor to of the the cause. success Therefore, in this towork implement plan. Considering the same project the significant for other for replication the right type of agency modern trades in demand. Though having potential for training at one hand taluka based skill mapping studies may and collaborating with industries at the help selecting the appropriate trades but it should not be the main criteria. It should be the industry requirement and other is to be identified. mobility of the trainees for selecting the experience and competence, the existing trade. • agenciesIn case the having agency been is successful not found in having other development sector but having potential the hypothesis of deploying the trained building should be done. The DDU-GKY • personThe Gadchiroli in a very high experiment level ofenvironment has tested need to be identified. Their capacity rather to a low level of differential. For different geographical locations. example the trainees who were placed had identified many such agencies in at PUNE and Goa were retained at job for very very long duration/ continuing even building initiative also focused to suit the today. Whereas, those who were engaged • localThe need strategies and available adopted local in resources this skill at Bhandara, Gondiaand even Nagpur before implementation. The trades left the job after few hours only.
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11.8 Way forward for the Replication of the Initiatives:
• Identification of Area and Trades • Industry Specific Vocational Training, Impart Knowledge, Skills and Attitude, Rural Youth Affected by Left 1 Wing Extremism, Impart New Social Identity
• Identification of Team • Persons having faith in Community mobilization and Team Building, Past Achievers, Positive Attitude, Team 2 Approach, Experience in Multitasking Environment • Situation Analysis and Selection of Trade for Training • Study Available Documents, Manpower Availability, Trades/Skills Required, Competency Mapping, Create 3 Awareness, Counseling to finalize Courses for Training
• Redefining Area Specific Problem • Involve Team Members, Committee Members and Stakeholders, Finalize Trades for Training, Sensitize 4 Stakeholders, Decide Criteria for Selection of Trainees
• Establishing Strategic Plan Framework • Fine-tune Process of Implementation, Prepare Strategic Framework, Ensure Effective Leadership, Inclusiveness, Empowerment and Commitment, Setting Targets and Creating conducive Environment, M&E Mechanism, 5 Reward System for Accountability and Innovativeness
• Selection of the Training Agency • Identify Training Agency, Release Advertisement, Finalize criteria of Selection, Sign MOU with Selected Agency 6 • Agreement upon and Adoption of Guidelines • Involve Leadership at District and State Level, Inform and Sensitize with Data and Situation, Prepare Guidelines, 7 Organize Meetings and Workshops with Stakeholders, Modify the guidelines and Action Plans
• Planning and Budgeting • Prepare Budgets, Consider All Sources of Funds, Explore GOI Schemes, PP Partnership, CSR Funds, Approval 8 by Appropriate Authority
• Creating Enabling Environment • Participatory and Empowering Approach, Effective Leadership, Organizational Culture Supportive of Innovation, Promotion of Team work, Promotion of Lifelong Learning, Monitoring the Implementation of 9 Innovation, Knowledge sharing and Networking
• Enabling Adoption by Stakeholders • Sharing of knowledge among Stakeholders, Facilitators and Target Beneficiaries, Put in Place the Teams for 10 Replication, Formulate Clear Adoption Policy, Process and Framework, Measure and Report Progress
• Implementation of Activity Plan • Prepare Activity Plan, Identify and Train Facilitators 11 • Monitoring and Evaluation • Develop Monitoring Indicators, Develop MIS to Control Deviations from the Plans 12
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• Documentation Plan in Broad Diverse Forms • Develop Strategy for Documentation, Share Experiences within the District and State, Establish a Learning 13 organization
• Dissemination of Results • Share Documents at Larger Platform, Plan State Level/Country Level Workshop 14
• Sustainability Measures for the Initiative • Institutionalize the Initiative, Promote Ownership by Stakeholders, Capacity Building, Sustainable Economic Resources, Plan for Withdrawal of Implementation Team, Establish Communication Network, Balanced and 15 Equitable Distribution of Benefits
11.9 Best fit- Kaushalaya Vardhan Kendra in Gujarat Directorate of Employment Training, Government of Gujarat started skill development training to youth through village cluster training centres in villages under Swarnim Gujarat Kaushalaya Vardhan Kendra (KVK) yojana. From the replicability point of view the KVK initiative is excellent as it covers tribals too. It is state wide programme. It includes a variety of courses and trainings is with minimum expenditure.
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12.0 “Emotional Drive Campaign”, Valsad and Vapi, Gujarat
12.1 Introduction and Context of aware of their rights for land ownership.This Governance Initiative: resulted in substantial amount of unallocated forest land. As the gap between the claimed user rights and the forest resources that the centric development initiative set off by the community uses widened, the tribal people ValsadEmotional administration Drive Campaign in the was year a citizen2013- were slowly losing hope of ownership resulting 14. Based on a concept of ‘Emotion-centric into increased discontent and migration from People’s Development’, this campaign aimed at the villages with less/no agriculture in this area in addition to the regional disparity which under diverse schemes through convergence is already persistent in these areas. Many of tooptimum provide utilization the tribal of communities,government resources persons the welfare schemes were also not availed due with disabilities and deprived sections with to lack of emotional connect between tribal social and economic security. population and the administration. The campaign was a basket of activities which included disbursement of forest land rights inclusion and covering 100 percent pension to 17,204 individuals, 100 percent financial schemes to eligible beneficiaries.
Figure 12.2: Before FRA Implementation
12.3 Objectives of the Governance Initiative:
under one umbrella using sequential Figure 12.1: Land Allotment • convergenceTo bring allapproach government so as to facilitate schemes 12.2 Problem Definition: community development processes and address issues and problems beyond the Even though the Forest Rights Act (FRA) came project targets. out in 2006, the implementation of the act saw many hindrances like lack of data, maps and proper land measurements with the neglected sections of the society and district authority. Moreover, the government • handholdTo reach outthem to thetowards most backward uplift and departments were working in their own reduce regional disparities. separate ways owing to the fact that there was no framework for implementation which deprived of land rights and traditional further limited any scope of convergence. • To allot the land to tribal families who are Land encroachment was another issue at ownership over natural resources under administration level. On the other hand, Forest Right Act (FRA), 2006 and to many amongst the tribal population were not bring them in touch with mainstream
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schemes by developing a sense of Schemes: ownershipdevelopment amongst benefits them. through other • Implementation of Social Security Under this scheme, the deprived old age
sustainable society. children were focused upon and the following • To improve quality of life and develop schemesbeneficiaries were covered and orphans for inclusion single of people parent 12.4 Implementation Strategy under social security net: Adopted: o Indira Gandhi National Old Pension Scheme (IGNOPS) Allotment: • Implementation of Forest Land o Widow Pension o A structure was put in place for the o NOP implementation of FRA consisting of the team members at the division o RKS Sankatmochan level, the subdivision level and o IGNHPS and SSHPS community level as in FRA 2006. o Integrated Child Development o A follow-up and monitoring Scheme (ICDS) mechanism was developed to check the progress of Forest Right Committees so that the implementation is accelerated. o 36 SDLCs were established in the districts and 184 clusters were formulated. o A joint survey was conducted by Forest Department, Tribal
Figure 12.4:Social Security Scheme Department and beneficiaries. • Implementation of Flagship o For map and land data, Scientific claims (satellite maps used) with Programme – Parichay Sammelan for method was used to confirm the the help of BISAG. differently-abled Tribals:
o Data was collected about differently abled youth from Western India. They were invited for a three day get together where match making, job allocation was done and their suggestions were taken. o A directory of differently-abled people was collated, which was useful for future projects.
Figure 12.3: Dr. Vikrant Pandey – Collector Valsad with district tribal people
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campaign; it was started with one objective but during the entire journey it reached many development milestones. Some of them were as follows:
o Fariyad Nivaran Camp o Urban Area free from Malnutrition- o Integrated Web o Dudh Sanjeevani Yojana o Distribution of Beans and Dry fruits
Figure 12.5: Glimpses of Parichay Sammelan for differently abled persons
• Implementation of flagship programme- Total Sanitation Campaign:
o The Collector of Valsad roped in a number of corporate partners in the vicinity for support. Various committees were formed at District level for planning, implementation and monitoring. Figure 12.6: Distribution of Beans and Dry Fruits o To execute this scheme at the grass root level, it was necessary to have easy and single step support system. A Toilet Tracking Software was developed which was not only an innovation in itself but it was also a paperless, no-que initiative that people could reach out to.
call on toll free number 1800 200 o 1004Any citizenand a couldrepresentative give a missedof the concerned government department would arrive at the caller‘s door- Figure 12.7: Dudh Sanjeevani Scheme step for program formalities. 12.5 Strengths of the Initiative: o With the help of 16 CSRs, target of 40,000 toilets was reached in rural and urban area of the District • Transparency was achieved in costing approximately Rs. 19 crore. programs of government. administration for all beneficiary • Implementation of other programs: the gap between government and public. Many more initiatives were taken in the • Red-tapism was removed, thus narrowing
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female participants. and Horticulture Department for tribal • peopleLand planningwho got user done rights by of Agricultureforest land under FRA has increased the productivity • Reduced migration of tribal farmers and made difference in socio-economic conditions of tribal • Reduced forest riots. people. • Increase in employment opportunities
• Diversification of crop
• They now also get personal and medical • Opening of Bank accounts benefits from the government. life changing event for small and marginal • Awareness of education • farmers.Land user rights of forests is a onetime, skills trainings. • Capacity building through vocational 12.6 Weaknesses of the Initiative: Researchdelivery and time Evaluation of services Study and resulted in • The initiative led to improvement in Satisfaction there off: • Status of Awareness, Participation and 12.6 betterWeaknesses feedback of from the Initiati beneficiaries.ve: TheThe awareness awareness aboutabout FRA FRA was was much much better better than common man and the Administration thanothers. others. But overBut overall it wasall it inadequate. was inadequate. • Bridged the emotional gap between (Table No-01) (Table No. 01) Status of Awareness, Participation and Satisfaction there off: • Increase in per-capita income especially Table No. 01: Status of Awareness, Participation and Satisfaction Table No-01: Status of Awareness, Participation and Satisfaction Services Aware Participate Satisfied if Improved d/ Availed availed delivery of Benefits services in time % % % % User Rights of Forest Land 41.2 41.2 41.2 41.2 Social Security Schemes 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 IGNOAPS 19.1 19.1 17.6 17.6 NOP 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Widow Pension 7.4 5.9 5.9 5.9 IGNHPS and SSHPS 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 ParichaySammelan for differently abled 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 FaryadNivaran Camp 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 District Urban Area 100%Malnutrition Free 17.6 17.6 17.6 17.6 Total N=68
Use of Popular Media in awareness Generation: Table No-EDC-02: Sources of information The use of popular media was also very limited. Sources of Information % TV and ICDS workers only were used as mode for TV 17.6 communication that too it was limited.While PRI notice board 25 replication these weaknesses need to be tackled ICDS/ Health Worker/ Teacher 22.1 adequately. Other Government Worker 52.9
NGO/ CSOs 19.1 96 Others ----- 58 Total N=68
Strength for awareness generation Methods: As Emotional Drive Campaign was an innovative initiative in itself, the awareness methods used were numerous. We tried to study which method made the best impact and came up with the following data. The most effective electronic media awareness tool that was used for EDC is the ‘TV Scrolling’. Traditional media method ‘Local Folk’ made the most impact and in print Figure 12. 8: Parichay Sammelan media it was ‘Advertisements’. Once again
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interpersonal communication by ‘Government Generation: Workers’confirming was the reportedlast mile strategy, as the themost awareness used 12.7 The Takeaways: spread by the interpersonal communication by • Use of Popular Media in awareness and effective method. Overall it was poorly The use of popular media was also very ‘Government Workers’ was reported as the most usedused but and Governmenteffective metho employeesd. Overall it as was service poorly limited. TV and ICDS workers only were used 12.7.1 Process Takeaways: used but Government employees as service as mode for communication that too it was providers in mobilizing were effective one. Door to door campaign cover ing 100% limited.While replication these weaknesses providers in mobilizing were effective one. beneficiaries; need to be tackled adequately. 1.5% Taluka wise teams were formulated for identifying and verifying beneficiaries; Dissemination of Information (both oral and 2.9% Radio Jingles documented) was undertaken by officers; TV Scrolling Special camps of “Age Certification” were 7.4% TV Talk Shows organized at village level;
12.7.2 Sustainability Takeaways:
FigureFigure 12.9:12. 9 :Electronic Electronic Media Media For the sustainability of the Emotional Drive
Research and Evaluation Study campaign, the following factors were responsible for its successful execution: The local Industry and Local NGOs were Role Plays thoroughly involved in welfare services of The awareness about FRA was much better than 2.9% 12.6 Weaknesses of the Initiative: 4.4% the disabled and deprived persons in the others. But over all it was inadequate. Nukkad Nataks area. (Table No-01) Figure 12.8: Parichay Sammelan 2.9% The activities were carried out through the Status of Awareness, Participation and service providers at the job only. The service Satisfaction there off: Local Folk Media Table No. 02: Sources of Information providers were involved in the overall
service delivery. Thus they got involved Table No-01: Status of Awareness, Participation and Satisfaction Sources of Information % FigureFigure 12.10:12. 10: Traditional Traditional Media Media andtheir competency was enhanced. This Services Aware Participate Satisfied if Improved TV 17.6 proved an important dimension for d/ Availed availed delivery of PRI notice board 25 sustainability. Benefits services in The EDC tried to involve the (backward and ICDS/ Health Worker/ Teacher 22.1 1.5% 1.5% time Advs deprived)community and they felt connected % % % % Other Government Worker 52.9 directly with the government on the other Hoardings User Rights of Forest Land 41.2 41.2 41.2 41.2 NGO/ CSOs 19.1 hand while conducting house visits and 10.3% Flex Boards Others ----- 58 working pro-actively to help the deserving Social Security Schemes 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 and needy, the staff felt very much connected IGNOAPS 19.1 19.1 17.6 17.6 Total N=68 to people and each other which leads to great work satisfaction amongst the service NOP 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 FigureFigure 12.11:12. 11: Print Print MediaMedia • Strength for Awareness Generation providers. Both these aspects have provided Widow Pension 7.4 5.9 5.9 5.9 Methods: impetus for sustainability. IGNHPS and SSHPS 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 4.4% 8.8% Priests The transparency was achieved in ParichaySammelan for differently abled 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 As Emotional Drive Campaign was an administration for all beneficiary programs of government and positive beneficiaries’ FaryadNivaran Camp 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 innovative initiative in itself, the awareness 27.9% Teachers methods used were numerous. We tried to feedback made service providers feel District Urban Area 100%Malnutrition Free 17.6 17.6 17.6 17.6 22.1% Members of PRIs/ contented and motivated. At the same time Total N=68 study which method made the best impact Sarpanchs the increase in livelihood among tribal and and came up with the following data. The Government negated part of the society ensured desire to most effective electronic media awareness Workers continue these approaches.
Use of Popular Media in awareness The real sense of helping those, who had tool that was used for EDC is the ‘TV Scrolling’. FigureFigure 12.12:12. 12: IPC IPC byby OpinionOpinion Leaders Table No-EDC-02: Sources of information nobody to look up to, and seeing the tears of Generation: Traditional media method ‘Local Folk’ made The use of popular media was also very limited. Sources of Information % the most impact and in print media it was TV and ICDS workers only were used as mode for TV 17.6 communication that too it was limited.While PRI notice board 25 Page 98 replication these weaknesses need to be tackled ICDS/ Health Worker/ Teacher 22.1 last mile strategy, the awareness spread by the ‘Advertisements’. Once again confirming the adequately. Other Government Worker 52.9
NGO/ CSOs 19.1 Others ----- 58 97 Total N=68
Strength for awareness generation Methods: As Emotional Drive Campaign was an innovative initiative in itself, the awareness methods used were numerous. We tried to study which method made the best impact and came up with the following data. The most effective electronic media awareness tool that was used for EDC is the ‘TV Scrolling’. Traditional media method ‘Local Folk’ made the most impact and in print Figure 12. 8: Parichay Sammelan media it was ‘Advertisements’. Once again
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12.7 The Takeaways: programs of government and positive
12.7.1 Process Takeaways: providers feel contented and motivated. Atbeneficiaries’ the same feedbacktime the made increase service in livelihood among tribal and negated part • Door to door campaign cover ing 100% of the society ensured desire to continue beneficiaries; these approaches. • Taluka wise teams were formulated for identifying and verifying beneficiaries; nobody to look up to, and seeing the tears and documented) was undertaken by • ofThe joy real in sensethese ofpeople, helping is those, an experience who had • Dissemination of Information (both oral which cannot be worded – has changed each one, from the government involved, officers; in a more humane individual. This again • Special camps of “Age Certification” were supports sustainability for initiatives. 12.7.2organized Sustainability at village Takeaways: level; 12.7.3 Replicability Takeaways: For the sustainability of the Emotional Drive campaign, the following factors were This model, which has used only existing responsible for its successful execution: government schemes, and some novel ideas to target the section of the society which was both backward and deprived, is a truly replicable thoroughly involved in welfare services model – if taken up in other districts, this has • The local Industry and Local NGOs were of the disabled and deprived persons in the potential to transform governance into the area. good governance. The replicability of these projects across different districts will have an enormous impact on the neglected and the service providers at the job only. deprived section of the society. The beauty • TheyThe activities were involved were carried in outthe throughoverall of this campaign is a win-win scenario for service delivery. Thus they got involved andtheir competency was enhanced. This proved an important dimension for Nothe government,additional government the officials expenditure involved, NGOs, has sustainability. beenindustry incurred– associations existing and schemes the beneficiaries. have been effectively implemented at the grass root level. and deprived)community and they felt The following points are to be born in mind • connectedThe EDC tried directly to involve with the the government (backward before replicating the campaign in other parts on the other hand while conducting of the country: house visits and working pro-actively to help the deserving and needy, the staff felt very much connected to people and each other which leads to great • needsThe guidelines before implementation and instructions in used Tribal by work satisfaction amongst the service Blocks.them need These to beactivities modified in toTribal suit Blockto local if providers. Both these aspects have possible should be integrated with TADP provided impetus for sustainability. annual plans
treasure of knowledge and best practices. • The transparency was achieved in • The pilot implementation created huge administration for all beneficiary 98 Research and Evaluation Study
EDC is an example of operational funds. These industries need to be roped excellence and delivery of state services in for this function/ cause of tribal up- liftment.
providersto the door at one step hand of citizensand on the living other in standard operating procedures were not localhinterland NGOs byand mobilizingtrusts. The theproject service has • developed.While carrying These out need EDC to be initiative developed the implication not only for Gujarat but also for smooth replication of EDC in other whole country in the light of FRA 2006 to districts/states. be implemented throughout the country.
for social development under its CSR • The industries are now having obligation 12.8 Way forward for the Initiative:
• Identification of Team Members • Persons having faith in community Mobilization and Team Building, Past Achievers, Positive Attitude, Team 1 Approach, Experience of work in Multitasking Environment
• Situation Analysis • Study the Available Documents, Status of Various Schemes, Past Initiatives in the Selected Direction, Ascertain 2 Reasons for Success/Failure
• Redefining Area Specific Problem • Finalize objective of Intervention, Sensitize stakeholders, Ascertain Problem in Transfer of Forest Land and 3 Solve Them
• Establishing Strategic Plan Framework • Fine Tune Process of Implementation, Develop Framework and Guidelines, Ensure Effective Leadership, Inclusiveness, Empowerment and Commitment, Setting Targets and Creating Conducive Environment, M&E 4 Mechanism, Reward System for Accountability and Innovativeness
• Selection of Development Partners • Identify Possible Agencies, Release Advertisements, Finalize Selection Criteria, Finalize Agency and Sign MOU 5 • Coordination & Integration with Policy Framework • Prepare Plan Framework, Consider GOI Schemes, State Schemes, Guideline of MoTA etc., Deliver Land to 6 Tribal People (With Female Ownership), Organize Interactive Session and Guidance Programmes
• Agreement upon & Adoption of Guidelines • Involve District and State Leadership, Inform and Sensitize with Data and Situation, Prepare Guidelines, 7 Organize Meetings and Workshop with stakeholders, Modify the guideline and Action Plan, if needed
• Planning and Budgeting • Prepare Budgets, Consider all sources of Funds, Explore GOI Schemes, PP Partnership, CSR Funds, Approval 8 by Appropriate Authorities
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• Creating Enabling Environment • Effective Leadership, Organizational Culture Supportive of Innovation, Promotion of Team Work, Promotion 9 of Life Long Learning, Monitoring Implementation of Innovation, Knowledge Sharing & Networking
• Enabling Adoption by Stakeholders • Sharing of Knowledge among stakeholders, Facilitators and Target Beneficiaries, Putting the Teams in Place to replicate Initiatives, Formulate Clear Adoption Policy, Process and Framework, Measure and Report the 10 Progress
• Implementation of Activity Plan • Prepare Activity Plan, Identify and Train Facilitators 11 • Monitoring and Evaluation • Develop Monitoring Indicators, Develop MIS to Control Deviations from the Plans 12
• Documentation Plan in Broad Diverse Forms • Develop Strategy for Documentation, Formalize sharing of Experiences, Establish a Learning organization 13 • Dissemination of Results • Sharing of Documents at Larger Platform, Plan State and Country Level Workshop 14
• Sustainability Measures for the Initiative • Institutionalize the Initiative, Promote Ownership by Stakeholders, Capacity Building, Sustainable Economic Resources, Establish Communication Network, Plan for Withdrawal of Implementation Team, Balanced and 15 Equitable Distribution of Benefits
12.9 Best Fit- Distribution of Land Rights to Tribals in MP under FRA 2007:
ofFor simplicitybest fit distribution and proactive of land behaviour rights in MPas • Training module was simple. is better fit for replication as it had features described below. • CM/ CS were in background support. awareness. • Media also supported in creating regulations was maintained so good for • Simplicity in the guidelines and rules replication. guidelines. • NGOs were involved in framing the
meetings for orientation were held. (Forest), free of cost. • District Collectors were trained, regional • Software was designed by NIC and PDA
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Abbreviations
ANC Ante Natal Care KVK Kaushalya Vardhan Kendra ANM Auxiliary Nurse Mid-wife LWE Left Wing Extremism AP Andhra Pradesh M&E Monitoring and Evaluation BPR Business Process Re-engineering M.P. Madhya Pradesh AWWs Agan Wadi Workers MBO Management by Objectives CDPO Child Development Project Officer MIS Management Information System CG Chhattis Garh MMR Maternal Mortality Rate CGCC Career Guidance and Counseling Centre MNREGS Mahatma Ghandi National Rural Employ- CROPSAP Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory Project ment Guaranty Scheme CS Chief-Secretary MoRD Ministry of Rural Development CSCs Common Service Centers MoTA Ministry of Tribal Affairs CSCs Common Service Centers MOU Memorandum of Understanding CSOs Civil Society Organizations NBA Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan CSR Corporate Social Responsibility NCVT National Council for Vocational Training DARPG Department of Administrative Reforms and NGOs Non- Government Organisations Public Grievances NSAP National Social Assistance Programme DBT Direct Benefit Transfer NSDC National Skill Development Corporation DCs District Collector/Deputy Commissioner PHC Primary Health Centre DDU-GKY Deen Dayal Upadhya- Grameen Kaushalya PMJDY PM Jan Dhan Yajana Yojana PPP Private Public Partnership DEITY Department of Electronics and Information PRI Panchyat Raj Institution Technology PC Pre-conception EDC Emotional Drive Campaign PS Principal Secretary e-ROR e-Record of Ordinary Residence PNDT Pre Natal Diagnostic Techniques ETL Economic Threshold Level RD Rural Development FGDs Focused Group Discussions RTPMA Real Time Pest Monitoring and Advisory FRA Forest Right Act SDCs Skill Development Centers G2C Government to Citizen SHGs Self Help Groups GO Government Order SIOB Silent Observer GoI Government of India SOUL Saving Open Spaces and Urban Lakes HDI Human Development Index TCPCs Training Cum Production Centers IAY Indira Awas Yojana TN Tamil Nadu ICDS Integrated Child Development Scheme UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund ICM Integrated Crop Management UP Uttar Pradesh IGNOPS Indira Gandhi National Old Pension Scheme VHN Village Health Nurses IIDM Indian Institute of Development Manage- ment VKC Village Knowledge Centre VLEs Village Level Executive IMR Infant Mortality Rate VTP Vocational Training Provider IPM Integrated Pest Management WB West Bengal JSSK Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram WFP World Food Program KCC Kisan Credit Card WHO World Health Organization
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