WATER QUALITY
Water Quality Annual Report 2014/15
1800 454 500 I [email protected] www.gvwater.vic.gov.au Water Quality Annual Report 2014-15
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ...... 5 1.1 Characterisation of water supply systems ...... 8 1.2 Improvements to water supply and treatment ...... 11 1.3 Changes to water sampling localities ...... 12 2. Water treatment and quality management systems ...... 13 2.1 Water treatment ...... 13 2.1.1 Water treatment processes and chemicals employed by Goulburn Valley Water .. 16 2.1.2 Changes to water treatment processes and chemicals ...... 18 2.2 Issues ...... 18 3. Quality of drinking water ...... 19 3.1 Escherichia coli ...... 19 3.1.1 Results ...... 20 3.1.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance ...... 21 3.2 Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals ...... 21 3.2.1 Results ...... 22 3.2.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance ...... 26 3.3 Ozone based disinfection by-product chemicals ...... 26 3.4 Aluminium ...... 26 3.4.1 Results ...... 27 3.4.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance ...... 28 3.5 Turbidity...... 29 3.5.1 Results ...... 29 3.5.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance ...... 30 3.6 Fluoride ...... 30 3.6.1 Results ...... 31 3.6.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance ...... 31 3.7 Other algae, pathogens, chemical or substance that may pose a risk to human health...... 32 3.7.1 Results ...... 33 3.7.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance ...... 54 3.8 Aesthetics...... 55 3.8.1 Results ...... 56 3.8.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance ...... 62 3.9 Analysis of results ...... 62 4. Emergency and incident management ...... 67 Known or Suspected Contamination ...... 68
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Water Quality Incidents ...... 69 5. Complaints relating to water quality ...... 70 6. Findings of the most recent risk management plan audit ...... 72 7. Undertakings under section 30 of the act ...... 72 8. Regulated water ...... 73 9. Further information ...... 74
LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Source water Table 2.1.1 Water treatment processes Table 2.1.2 Water treatment chemicals Table 3.1.1 Escherichia coli Table 3.2.1 Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals - Chloroacetic acid Table 3.2.2 Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals - Dichloroacetic acid Table 3.2.3 Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals - Trichloroacetic acid Table 3.2.4 Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals –Trihalomethanes Table 3.4.1 Acid soluble aluminium Table 3.4.2 Summary of aluminium notifications under the Act Table 3.5.1 Turbidity Table 3.6.1 Fluoride Table 3.7.1.1 Health related parameters –Antimony Table 3.7.1.2 Health related parameters – Arsenic Table 3.7.1.3 Health related parameters – Barium Table 3.7.1.4 Health related parameters – Cadmium Table 3.7.1.5 Health related parameters – Chromium Table 3.7.1.6 Health related parameters – Copper Table 3.7.1.7 Health related parameters – Lead Table 3.7.1.8 Health related parameters – Manganese Table 3.7.1.9 Health related parameters – Mercury Table 3.7.1.10 Health related parameters – Molybdenum Table 3.7.1.11 Health related parameters – Nickel Table 3.7.1.12 Health related parameters – Selenium Table 3.7.2.1 Health related parameters – Chlorite Table 3.7.2.2 Health related parameters – Chlorate Table 3.7.2.3 Health related parameters – Cyanide Table 3.7.2.4 Health related parameters – Oxidised nitrogen (nitrate and nitrite) Table 3.7.3.1 Health related parameters – Organic compounds in source water Table 3.7.3.2 Health related parameters – Organic compounds in reticulation
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Table 3.7.3.3 Health related parameters – Chloral hydrate in reticulation Table 3.7.3.4 Health related parameters – Pesticides in source water Table 3.7.3.5 Health related parameters – Pesticides in reticulation Table 3.7.4.1 Health related parameters – Radiological Table 3.7.5 Summary of health related parameter notifications under the Act Table 3.8.1 Aesthetic related parameters – pH Table 3.8.2 Aesthetic related parameters – True colour Table 3.8.3 Aesthetic related parameters – Electrical conductivity Table 3.8.4 Aesthetic related parameters – Hardness Table 3.8.5 Aesthetic related parameters – Alkalinity Table 3.8.6 Aesthetic related parameters – Iron Table 3.9 Summary of Compliance with Water Quality Standards Table 5.1 Complaints relating to water quality Table 7.2 Actions on undertakings Table 10.1 Regulated water supplies
LIST OF GRAPHS Graph 3.4 Acid soluble aluminium
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.0 Drinking water quality policy Figure 1.1 Map of water supply systems Figure 1.2 O’Kanes Road raw water storage Figure 2.1 Jar Test
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1. INTRODUCTION
This water quality annual report has been prepared in accordance with Section 26 of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 and Regulation 15 of the Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2005. It provides an overview of Goulburn Valley Water’s implementation and performance to the Act for the reporting period 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2015.
The report is intended to provide relevant information in the following areas: Characterisation of supply systems Sources of drinking water Water treatment, including disinfection and fluoridation Quality of drinking water Emergency and incident management Complaints relating to water quality Audit outcomes Undertakings, exemptions or variations under the Act Regulated (non-potable) water supply systems
To provide quality assurance of the drinking water quality delivered to our customers, Goulburn Valley Water has developed a comprehensive risk based management system. The Corporation’s drinking water quality management system (DWQMS) has been established using the principals of the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011 (ADWG) Framework for Management of Drinking Water Quality. The Corporation’s DWQMS contains provisions for process control, water quality monitoring, asset management, emergency management and incident response, customer feedback and staff training and competency.
A key aspect of the risk-based approach to the production of safe drinking water is the use of multiple water treatment processes (the ‘multiple barrier approach’). The correct operation of these treatment processes is a highly skilled task, requiring constant vigilance and attention to detail. On a day-to-day basis, it is the water treatment operator who carries the responsibility for ensuring that raw water is treated to the required standard, any incidents that may compromise quality are detected and addressed, and that identified risks are adequately managed.
Operator training and competency is a vital component of Goulburn Valley Water’s Drinking Water Management Strategy. The Corporation’s water treatment operators are trained through water industry training programmes, which include competency based assessment. The Corporation’s aim is to ensure water treatment operators meet the requirements of the Water Treatment Operator Competency Framework - Best Practice Guidelines. Operator skills are further enhanced with in-house training, refresher training courses and attendance at industry workshops and conferences.
Assessment, optimisation and scheduled maintenance of water treatment facilities are conducted on a regular basis by experienced water treatment specialists. Preventative maintenance and monitoring of critical process equipment assist to ensure the optimum performance of our treatment processes and facilities.
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Goulburn Valley Water operates a Customer Service Centre 24 hours per day, 7 days per week, which is responsible for the real-time monitoring of over 60 water treatment facilities across our region; this includes the continuous monitoring of water quality. This vital role of continuous water quality monitoring and immediate response is achieved by utilising online water quality instrumentation and SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition). SCADA is one of several essential components in our assurance system for safe drinking water. SCADA is supported by instrumentation that continuously monitors each water treatment facility in real-time. Our water treatment facility operators are fully trained in the maintenance, calibration and interpretation of data generated by these instruments. The Customer Service Centre has the ability to remotely monitor and shut down treatment plant processes using SCADA, and regularly provides status and alarm information to water treatment operators located in each operational region.
Goulburn Valley Water’s DWQMS is regularly audited, reviewed and updated to ensure it provides a reliable and practical framework for the production of safe drinking water to its customers. The cornerstone of the system is the Corporation’s Drinking Water Quality Policy (refer to Figure 1.0).
Full details of Goulburn Valley Water’s annual revenue and asset base are available in the Corporation’s Annual Report which is available on the Goulburn Valley Water website.
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Figure 1.0: Goulburn Valley Water’s Drinking Water Quality Policy
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1.1 Characterisation of water supply systems
In Australia, water for the purpose of drinking is principally obtained from surface water sources such as rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Treatment of water from these sources is necessary to remove colour, fine particulates, harmful chemicals, organic compounds and most importantly, harmful micro-organisms (pathogens) that may be present from animals or human activities. Water may also be obtained from groundwater sources. Groundwater is usually free of fine particulates and organic matter, but needs to be monitored and treated for harmful pathogens, heavy metals and salinity.
Goulburn Valley Water’s town water supplies are principally diverted from the Goulburn and Murray Rivers, the associated tributaries and from irrigation channel systems managed by Goulburn-Murray Water. Other town water supplies divert water from unregulated streams such as Seven Creeks near Euroa, Nine Mile Creek near Longwood, Mollison Creek near Pyalong, Yea River at Yea, Steavenson River at Marysville and Sunday Creek near Kilmore. Groundwater is utilised in Katunga. All water supply sources are relatively secure with respect to volumes except during severe drought events. To maintain security of supply during the winter months when the irrigation systems are shut-down, water is diverted to large off-stream water storage reservoirs at a number of towns.
Raw water generally needs to be processed through a water treatment plant to produce water that is safe to drink, aesthetically pleasing and suitable for domestic purposes. Water treatment often involves various treatment processes, including pre-treatment, chemical dosing, coagulation, flocculation, clarification, filtration, disinfection and in some towns fluoridation.
Goulburn Valley Water manages approximately 1,800 kilometres of distribution and reticulation pipelines. To provide adequate storage capacity to meet peak water demand periods, Goulburn Valley Water maintains over 120 treated water storage tanks, basins and reservoirs.
Re-chlorination facilities are incorporated into major treated water storages to ensure disinfection is maintained and to provide a residual level of chlorine in the reticulation network. Having residual chlorine in the reticulated water is highly desirable as it assists in the inhibition of microbial growth within the water mains and, in the unlikely event of system recontamination, provides a disinfection safeguard. Pipeline cleanliness is regularly maintained through an ongoing preventative maintenance program of flushing, air scouring and swabbing. In addition, Goulburn Valley Water has also trialled ice pigging for mains cleaning and it may be an option in the maintenance program. The Veolia AquaDiag program is currently used for monitoring of mains cleanliness and informing future cleaning work programs. Treated water storage tanks are also cleaned and inspected on a regular basis.
Details of Goulburn Valley Water’s area of operation and sources of raw water are contained in Figure 1.1 and Table 1.1 respectively.
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Figure 1.1: Map of Goulburn Valley Water’s area of operation and water supply systems
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Table 1.1: Source Water
Water Treatment Population Water Sampling Source Water Off-Stream Water Storage Plant Serviced Localities (WTP) (to nearest 10) Alexandra Goulburn River Alexandra Raw Water Storage Alexandra WTP 2880 Avenel Goulburn River Heywoods Hill Raw Water Storage Seymour WTP 1090 Barmah Murray River Barmah WTP 280 Bonnie Doon Lake Eildon Bonnie Doon Raw Water Storage Bonnie Doon WTP 610 Broadford Goulburn River & Sunday Creek Reservoir Broadford No. 3 Reservoir Broadford WTP 4760 Buxton Steavenson River Aub Cuzens Reservoir Marysville WTP 580 Cobram Murray River Cobram WTP 6050 Colbinabbin Irrigation Channel (Central Goulburn Area) Colbinabbin Raw Water Storage Colbinabbin WTP 180 Dookie Irrigation Channel (Shepparton Area) Dookie Raw Water Storage Dookie WTP 330 Eildon Goulburn River Alexandra Raw Water Storage Alexandra WTP 1390 Euroa Seven Creeks & Mountain Hut Creek Abbinga Reservoir Euroa WTP 3710 Girgarre Irrigation Channel (Central Goulburn Area) Girgarre Raw Water Storage Girgarre WTP 290 Katamatite Irrigation Channel (Murray Valley Area) Katamatite Raw Water Storage Katamatite WTP 270 Katandra West Irrigation Channel (Shepparton Area) Katandra West Raw Water Storage Katandra West WTP 280 Katunga Groundwater Bores Katunga WTP 230 Kilmore Sunday Creek Reservoir & Hazels Creek Hollowback Reservoir Kilmore WTP 8100 Kyabram Irrigation Channel (Central Goulburn Area) Kyabram Raw Water Storage Kyabram WTP 6820 Longwood Nine Mile Creek Nine Mile Creek Reservoir Longwood WTP 290 Mansfield Delatite River Ritchie Reservoir Mansfield WTP 4320 Marysville Steavenson River Aub Cuzens Reservoir Marysville WTP 790 Merrigum Irrigation Channel (Central Goulburn Area) Kyabram Raw Water Storage Kyabram WTP 480 Mooroopna Goulburn River Shepparton WTP 8700 Murchison Goulburn River Murchison WTP 970 Nagambie Lake Nagambie Nagambie WTP 2070 Nathalia Broken Creek Nathalia WTP 1740 Numurkah Irrigation Channel (Murray Valley Area) Numurkah Raw Water Reservoir Numurkah WTP 4590 Picola Irrigation Channel (Murray Valley Area) Picola Raw Water Storage Picola WTP 140 Pyalong Mollison Creek Pyalong Raw Water Storage Pyalong WTP 440 Rushworth Waranga Basin outlet channel Rushworth WTP 1320 Seymour Low Level 1 Goulburn River Heywoods Hill Raw Water Storage Seymour WTP 5650 Seymour High Level Goulburn River Heywoods Hill Raw Water Storage Seymour WTP 1720 Shepparton 2 Goulburn River Shepparton WTP 46100 Stanhope Irrigation Channel (Central Goulburn Area) Stanhope Raw Water Storage Stanhope WTP 560 Strathmerton Murray River Cobram WTP 560 Tallarook Goulburn River Heywoods Hill Raw Water Storage Seymour WTP 290 Tallygaroopna Goulburn River Shepparton WTP 360 Tatura Irrigation Channel (Central Goulburn Area) Tatura Raw Water Storage Tatura WTP 4530 Thornton Goulburn River Alexandra Raw Water Storage Alexandra WTP 240 Tongala Irrigation Channel (Central Goulburn Area) Tongala Raw Water Storage Tongala WTP 1460 Toolamba Goulburn River Shepparton WTP 410 Trawool Goulburn River Heywoods Hill Raw Water Storage Seymour WTP 130 Upper Delatite Delatite River Upper Delatite WTP 1250 Violet Town Seven Creeks & Mountain Hut Creek Abbinga Reservoir Euroa WTP 1020 Wandong - Sunday Creek Reservoir & Hazels Creek Hollowback Reservoir Kilmore WTP 2200 Heathcote Junction Waterford Park Goulburn River & Sunday Creek Reservoir Broadford No. 3 Reservoir Broadford WTP 290 Wunghnu Irrigation Channel (Murray Valley Area) Numurkah Raw Water Reservoir Numurkah WTP 340 Yarroweyah Murray River Cobram WTP 150 Yea Yea River Yea WTP 1530
1 Seymour Low Level water sampling locality includes Mangalore. 2 Shepparton water sampling locality includes Congupna.
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1.2 Improvements to water supply and treatment
Goulburn Valley Water continued its significant capital works program in 2014/15. Some of the improvement initiatives invested in by the corporation in 2014/15 for drinking water quality and supply included: Completion of a project to upgrade the Corporation’s SCADA systems; Completion of a project to replace the Corporation’s QMS database system; Completion of a project to upgrade the Tongala Fluoride Plant; Completion of a new Water Treatment Plant at Marysville; Construction of a new Water Treatment Plant at Numurkah; Completion of additional clear water storage at Nagambie Water Treatment Plant; Commission of the Kilmore Fluoridation Dosing Plant; Refurbishment of filters at Seymour Water Treatment Plant and Rushworth Water Treatment Plant; Land purchased for Raw Water Augmentation at Euroa Water Treatment Plant; Stage 2 of Tatura Water Treatment Plant optimization; Stage 1 of optimization works at Bonnie Doon Water Treatment Plant; Completion of optimization at Murchison Water Treatment Plant; Completion of hypo dosing replacement at Pyalong with gas chlorination; and Completion of new control building and roof replacement at Pyalong.
Several new projects are planned to commence over the upcoming years, including: An upgrade to the pH correction system at Seymour Water Treatment Plant to commence; Implementation of auto-crash on Water Treatment Plant SCADA following on from upgrade of SCADA; Rebuilding of clarifiers at Mansfield Water Treatment Plant; New Water Treatment Plant for Nagambie; Further optimization improvements at Tatura Water Treatment Plant; Purchase of Mobile Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) unit; and Improvement to the sludge management system at Bonnie Doon and Euroa Water Treatment Plant.
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1.3 Changes to water sampling localities
No changes to water sampling localities were made in the 2014/15 reporting period.
Figure 1.2 Newly Constructed Numurkah Water Treatment Plant
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2. WATER TREATMENT AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
2.1 Water treatment
Raw water from rivers, streams, reservoirs and aquifers generally needs to be processed through a water treatment plant to produce water that is safe to drink, aesthetically pleasing and suitable for domestic purposes. Water treatment may involve several different treatment processes, including pre-treatment, chemical addition, coagulation, flocculation, clarification, sedimentation, floatation, filtration, disinfection and fluoridation.
Raw water and pre-treatment
Raw water may be pre-treated prior to the main processes within the water treatment plant. Examples of pre-treatment are raw water detention in reservoirs, algae control, and treatment to remove metals such as manganese and iron.
Raw water is stored in reservoirs primarily to provide for periods when other water sources are in short supply. However, this can also greatly improve the quality of the water prior to entering the treatment plant. In addition to allowing much of the sediment to settle out, many harmful pathogens will naturally die-off in water storages over a period of time. Conversely, raw water detention also provides an opportunity for recontamination by birds, wave action, or algal blooms. Overall, detention of raw water is beneficial.
Raw water reservoirs are sometimes prone to blooms of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) or other types of algae, particularly during the warmer months of the year. Algal blooms can cause unpleasant tastes and odours in the water. Some species of blue-green algae can also produce toxins that may be harmful if consumed. Activated carbon is commonly used to remove algal toxins and unpleasant tastes and odours from the water. Algal blooms may also be addressed within the reservoir by addition of an algaecide such as copper sulphate, floating covers, or by aeration and de-stratification of the water body.
High levels of manganese or iron in the water can cause an unpleasant taste or staining of plumbing fixtures. To reduce the levels of manganese or iron, the raw water reservoir may be aerated or the raw water may be treated with an oxidising agent such as potassium permanganate.
Chemical addition, coagulation and flocculation
Surface waters from rivers and irrigation systems contain varying amounts of silt, clay and organic matter. These suspended particles usually cannot be removed by natural processes, as they are very small and have electrostatic charges that keep them stable in the water. In order to remove the suspended particles, it is necessary to neutralise the electrostatic charges by a process known as ‘coagulation’, and aggregate the small particles into larger particles by a process known as ‘flocculation’.
Coagulation invariably requires addition of a chemical with a strong positive charge, such as aluminium sulphate (alum), to neutralise the negative electrostatic charges that allow particles to remain suspended in the raw water. Coagulation involves turbulent mixing of the coagulant chemical with the raw water.
Flocculation involves gentle mixing of the coagulated water to allow the small particles to come together to form larger particles. Flocculation may occur naturally to some extent following coagulation, or may be encouraged by the addition of a chemical, such as a flocculant polymer.
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Figure 2.1: Jar Test
Jar testing is used to test effectiveness of various chemical dosing
Clarification, Sedimentation and Flotation
Following coagulation and flocculation, clarification is commonly employed to remove most of the particles from the water. This may be achieved either by allowing the solids to settle to the bottom (known as ‘sedimentation’), or by floating the solids to the top of the water (known as ‘flotation’).
Sedimentation can most simply be performed by allowing the solids to settle to the bottom of a dam over a period of time. A more sophisticated and efficient method of sedimentation uses an ‘upflow clarifier’. Within a conical or cylindrical vessel, a slow upflow of water allows the solid particles to sink and be periodically removed from the bottom of the vessel, whilst clean water overflows at the top.
Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) involves the introduction of some water that has been pressurised and saturated with dissolved air. As the pressure is reduced, the dissolved air is released from the water as tiny bubbles which attach to the particles and float them to the surface, leaving clean water underneath. DAF is also an effective means of removing colour.
Filtration
Some small particles can remain in the water after the clarification process. To ensure adequate clarity is achieved, the water can be polished by passing it through filters. Filtration is also effective in removing harmful pathogenic micro-organisms, such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium. In most cases, granular media such as sand and anthracite coal are used for filtration. At regular intervals, each filter is ‘backwashed’ to remove the trapped particles. Alternatively, membrane filters are used to produce a high quality filtered water.
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Disinfection
One of the most important aspects of water treatment involves the removal of harmful pathogenic micro-organisms (viruses, bacteria and protozoa) that have the potential to cause disease. Effective and continuous disinfection is necessary for killing pathogens to ensure that the water is safe to drink. Prior to leaving each of the Corporation’s water treatment plants, drinking water is disinfected.
The most commonly-used type of disinfection is chlorination, which involves the use of either chlorine gas or sodium hypochlorite. Generally, only a very low level of a chlorine-based chemical (less than 1 part per million of residual chlorine) is required to provide effective disinfection.
Alternative forms of disinfection that may be employed in certain circumstances include chlorine dioxide, chloramination, ozonation and UV irradiation.
Fluoridation
Fluoridation is the practice of adding a fluoride-based chemical to the drinking water with the purpose of protecting teeth against decay for the whole community receiving fluoridated water. Fluoridation occurs in accordance with the requirements of the Code of practice for fluoridation of water supplies.
Within the Goulburn Valley region, water produced at the Shepparton, Tongala, Kyabram, Kilmore and Seymour water treatment plants is fluoridated. Water sampling localities that receive fluoridated water from these plants include Shepparton, Mooroopna, Tallygaroopna, Toolamba, Tongala, Kyabram, Kilmore, Wandong-Heathcote Junction, Merrigum, Seymour, Trawool, Avenel and Tallarook.
Clear water storage (storage of treated water)
Treated water is usually held in storage tanks and reservoirs to ensure adequate supply and pressure is available during peak-usage periods. Elevated water tanks and booster pumps are used to maintain adequate water pressure throughout the reticulation systems. Re-chlorination plants are often utilised to maintain chlorine residual at sites in remote locations from the treatment plant.
Reticulation (supply to the customers tap)
Treated water is reticulated through a network of distribution pipes before being received by customers. Pipeline cleanliness is maintained through an ongoing preventative maintenance program of flushing, air scouring and swabbing. The AquaDiag program which is used to inform the mains cleaning program was completed for Central District during 2014/15 and is projected to be completed for Northern and part of South West towns in 2015/16. Treated water storage tanks are also cleaned and inspected regularly.
Details of Goulburn Valley Water’s treatment processes and treatment chemicals are contained in Table 2.1.1 and Table 2.1.2 respectively.
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2.1.1 Water treatment processes and chemicals employed by Goulburn Valley Water
Table 2.1.1: Water Treatment Processes
Pre-treatment Clarification Filtration Disinfection
Water Treatment Plant
(WTP)
Coagulation & Flocculation & Coagulation Fluoridation
Raw Water DetentionWater Raw Aeration / Oxidation Clarification Upflow Sedimentation Dam Clarification Adsorption Flotation Dissolved Air Filtration Media Granular Rapid Filtration Sand Slow Filtration Membrane Hypochlorination / Chlorination Chloramination Dioxide Chlorine Alexandra WTP ● ● ● ● ● Barmah WTP ● ● ● ● Bonnie Doon WTP ● n ● ● ● ● Broadford WTP ● ● ● ● Cobram WTP ● ● ● ● Colbinabbin WTP ● ● ● Dookie WTP ● ● ● Euroa WTP ● ● ● ● ● Girgarre WTP ● ● ● Katamatite WTP ● ● ● Katandra West WTP ● ● ● Katunga WTP ● Kilmore WTP ● ● ● ● ● ● Kyabram WTP ● ● ● ● ● ● Longwood WTP ● n ● ● ● ● Mansfield WTP ● ● ● ● ● Marysville WTP ● ● ● ● ● Murchison WTP ● ● ● ● Nagambie WTP ● ● ● Nathalia WTP ● ● ● ● Numurkah WTP n ● ● ● ● Picola WTP ● ● ● ● ● Pyalong WTP ● ● ● ● Rushworth WTP ● ● ● ● Seymour WTP ● ● ● ● ● ● Shepparton WTP ● ● ● ● ● ● Stanhope WTP ● ● ● Tatura WTP ● ● ● ● ● Tongala WTP ● ● ● ● ● ● Upper Delatite WTP n ● ● Yea WTP ● ● ● ●
● Process applied regularly throughout 2014/ 2015 n Process applied periodically during 2014/ 2015
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Table 2.1.2: Water Treatment Chemicals
Coagulants Polymers Alkalis Acids Disinfectants Fluoridants Cleaning Contingency
Water Sampling
Localities
Aluminium Sulphate (Alum) Aluminium Chlorohydrate (ACH) Coagulant Polymer Flocculant / Filter Aid Polymer Calcium Hydroxide (Hydrated Lime) Sodium Carbonate (Soda Ash) Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic Soda) Carbon Dioxide Hydrochloric Acid Chlorine Gas Sodium Hypochlorite (Hypo) Chlorine Dioxide (Sodium Chlorite + Hydrochloric Fluorosilicic Acid Sodium Fluoride Citric Acid Phosphoric Acid Potassium Permanganate Activated Carbon Alexandra ● ● ● ● * Avenel ● ● * ● ● ● ● Barmah ● ● ● ● * * Bonnie Doon ● ● ● ● ● ● Broadford ● ● ● ● ● ● Buxton * ● ● ● Cobram ● ● ● ● ● * Colbinabbin ● * ● ● * * Dookie ● * ● ● * * Eildon ● ● ● ● * Euroa ● ● ● ● Girgarre ● ● Katamatite ● ● * ● * * Katandra West ● * ● * * Katunga ● Kilmore ● ● ● ● ● Kyabram ● ● ● ● ● Longwood ● ● ● ● ● Mansfield ● ● * ● Marysville * ● ● ● Merrigum ● ● ● ● ● Mooroopna ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Murchison ● ● ● Nagambie * ● ● ● * * * Nathalia ● ● ● ● * * Numurkah ● ● ● ● * * Picola ● ● ● Pyalong * * * ● * Rushworth ● * ● ● Seymour Low Level ● ● * ● ● ● ● Seymour High Level ● ● * ● ● ● ● Shepparton ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Stanhope * * * ● * * Strathmerton ● ● ● ● ● * Tallarook ● ● * ● ● ● ● Tallygaroopna ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Tatura ● ● ● ● ● Thornton ● ● ● ● * Tongala ● ● ● ● ● Toolamba ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Trawool ● ● * ● ● ● ● Upper Delatite * ● ● Violet Town ● ● ● ● Wandong - Heathcote Junction ● ● ● ● ● Waterford Park ● ● ● ● ● ● Wunghnu ● ● ● ● * * Yarroweyah ● ● ● ● ● * Yea ● ● ● ●
● Chemical used regularly * Chemical used periodically
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2.1.2 Changes to water treatment processes and chemicals
During 2014/15, the newly constructed Marysville membrane filtration plant went into production stage and chlorine dioxide is no longer employed as a disinfectant. Sodium hypochlorite is used in place. The localities supplied by Marysville Water Treatment Plant are Marysville and Buxton.
Due to the change in raw water quality at Bonnie Doon, the coagulant Aluminium Chlorohydrate (ACH) replaced Aluminium Sulphate (Alum) since the start of 2015.
2.2 Issues
Suspected water quality issues occurred at the Seymour, Longwood and Barmah Water Treatment Plants during the 2014/15 reporting period. Details of these incidents are discussed in Section 4.
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3. QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER
Goulburn Valley Water collected the required number of samples for all water sampling localities in 2014/15. Refer to the ‘Microbiological Indicators’ section of this report.
Where applicable, the test results have been assessed against the water quality standards specified in the Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2005. Results have also been compared with the relevant guideline values in the Australian Drinking Water Guideline 2011 (ADWG). The ADWG guideline values are based upon either health or aesthetic considerations.
A summary of compliance with the standards for 2014/15, both in terms of population served and the number of water sampling localities, is presented in Table 3.9. The compliance achieved in 2013/12 and 2012/13 is also included for comparison.
The results presented in this report represent only those obtained by independent laboratory testing of scheduled samples, and are not biased by inclusion of investigations, confirmatory testing or re-sampling following incidents or non-compliances.
Comparisons of test results with guideline limits have been performed at the level of precision of the guideline limit. For example a result of 0.14 mg/L is deemed to be compliant with a guideline limit of 0.1 mg/L (after rounding to one decimal place).
3.1 Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli (E.Coli) is the name of a specific bacterial species belonging to the coliforms group. E.Coli is found naturally only in the digestive tracts of warm-blooded animals. The presence of E.Coli in drinking water is conclusive evidence of recent faecal contamination of the water.
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3.1.1 Results
Table 3.1.1: Escherichia coli
Water Quality Parameter : Escherichia coli (E.coli) Regulatory Standard : For drinking water supplies, a minimum of 98% of samples is to contain no E.coli organisms per 100 mL. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0 organisms per 100 mL. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.
% of Sample Number of Non- Maximum Sampling Number of Results within Compliant with Water Sampling Locality Complying Result Frequency Samples Health Regulations Samples (orgs/100mL) Guideline Drinking Water Alexandra Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Avenel Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Barmah Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Bonnie Doon Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Broadford Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Buxton Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Cobram Weekly 64 0 0 100 Yes Colbinabbin Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Dookie Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Eildon Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Euroa Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Girgarre Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Katamatite Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Katandra West Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Katunga Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Kilmore Weekly 64 0 0 100 Yes Kyabram Weekly 64 0 0 100 Yes Longwood Weekly 53 1 2 98 Yes Mansfield Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Marysville Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Merrigum Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Mooroopna Weekly 64 0 0 100 Yes Murchison Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Nagambie Weekly 50 0 0 100 Yes Nathalia Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Numurkah Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Picola Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Pyalong Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Rushworth Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Seymour High Level Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Seymour Low Level Weekly 65 0 0 100 Yes Shepparton Weekly 156 0 0 100 Yes Stanhope Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Strathmerton Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Tallarook Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Tallygaroopna Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Tatura Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Thornton Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Tongala Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Toolamba Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Trawool Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Upper Delatite Weekly 55 0 0 100 Yes Violet Town Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Waterford Park Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Wunghnu Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes Yarroweyah Weekly 52 0 0 100 Yes Yea Weekly 53 0 0 100 Yes
Due to population sizes, Cobram, Kilmore , Kyabram, Mooroopna, and Seymour (Low Level) have an extra sample taken per month. Shepparton has three samples taken per week due to its population size.
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3.1.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance
E.Coli was detected in the clear water storage and the reticulation system in the Longwood locality in February 2015. All E.Coli detections are investigated and are required to be reported to the Department of Health & Human Services under section 22 of the Act. Refer to section 4 of this report for further information and action taken in response to the E.Coli detections. During the 2014/15 all localities were compliant with the regulatory water quality standard.
3.2 Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals
Chlorine based disinfection by-products (DBP) may be produced from reactions between chlorine and organic matter in the water. Excessive levels of disinfection by-products are not desirable in drinking water as long-term exposure is believed to cause health problems. Although there are potentially numerous DBP formed, those of most significance are haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes. Haloacetic acids are a group of compounds that includes chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid. Trihalomethanes are a group of compounds that include chloroform, dibromochloromethane, bromodichloromethane and bromoform.
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3.2.1 Results
Table 3.2.1: Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals – Chloroacetic Acid
Water Quality Parameter : Chloroacetic Acid Regulatory Standard : For drinking water supplies treated with chlorine-based chemicals, no results to exceed 0.15 mg/L. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.15 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.
Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Result Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples (mg/L) Regulations Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Avenel Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Barmah Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Bonnie Doon Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Broadford Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Buxton Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Cobram Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Colbinabbin Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Dookie Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Eildon Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Euroa Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Girgarre Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Katamatite Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Katandra West Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Kilmore Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Kyabram Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Longwood Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Mansfield Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Marysville Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Merrigum Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Mooroopna Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Murchison Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Nagambie Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Nathalia Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Numurkah Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Picola Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Pyalong Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Rushworth Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Seymour High Level Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Seymour Low Level Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Shepparton Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Stanhope Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Strathmerton Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Tallarook Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Tallygaroopna Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Tatura Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Thornton Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Tongala Monthly 12 0 0.010 Yes Toolamba Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Trawool Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Upper Delatite Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Violet Town Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Waterford Park Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Wunghnu Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Yarroweyah Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes Yea Monthly 12 0 < 0.010 Yes
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Table 3.2.2: Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals – Dichloroacetic Acid
Water Quality Parameter : Dichloroacetic Acid Regulatory Standard : For drinking water supplies treated with chlorine-based chemicals, no results to exceed 0.1 mg/L. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.1 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.
Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Result Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples (mg/L) Regulations Samples Drinking Water
Alexandra Monthly 12 0 0.008 Yes Avenel Monthly 12 0 0.013 Yes Barmah Monthly 12 0 0.015 Yes Bonnie Doon Monthly 12 0 0.009 Yes Broadford Monthly 12 0 0.011 Yes Buxton Monthly 12 0 0.021 Yes Cobram Monthly 12 0 0.010 Yes Colbinabbin Monthly 12 0 0.085 Yes Dookie Monthly 12 0 0.033 Yes Eildon Monthly 12 0 0.010 Yes Euroa Monthly 12 0 0.016 Yes Girgarre Monthly 12 0 0.026 Yes Katamatite Monthly 12 0 0.022 Yes Katandra West Monthly 12 0 0.024 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 <0.005 Yes Kilmore Monthly 12 0 0.010 Yes Kyabram Monthly 12 0 0.008 Yes Longwood Monthly 12 0 0.025 Yes Mansfield Monthly 12 0 0.008 Yes Marysville Monthly 12 0 0.031 Yes Merrigum Monthly 12 0 0.008 Yes Mooroopna Monthly 12 0 0.006 Yes Murchison Monthly 12 0 0.008 Yes Nagambie Monthly 12 0 0.034 Yes Nathalia Monthly 12 0 0.034 Yes Numurkah Monthly 12 0 0.008 Yes Picola Monthly 12 0 0.013 Yes Pyalong Monthly 12 0 0.020 Yes Rushworth Monthly 12 0 0.008 Yes Seymour High Level Monthly 12 0 0.007 Yes Seymour Low Level Monthly 12 0 0.008 Yes Shepparton Monthly 12 0 0.010 Yes Stanhope Monthly 12 0 0.029 Yes Strathmerton Monthly 12 0 <0.005 Yes Tallarook Monthly 12 0 0.017 Yes Tallygaroopna Monthly 12 0 <0.005 Yes Tatura Monthly 12 0 0.008 Yes Thornton Monthly 12 0 0.014 Yes Tongala Monthly 12 0 0.006 Yes Toolamba Monthly 12 0 0.007 Yes Trawool Monthly 12 0 0.007 Yes Upper Delatite Monthly 12 0 0.040 Yes Violet Town Monthly 12 0 0.006 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Monthly 12 0 0.008 Yes Waterford Park Monthly 12 0 0.007 Yes Wunghnu Monthly 12 0 <0.005 Yes Yarroweyah Monthly 12 0 0.009 Yes Yea Monthly 12 0 0.017 Yes
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Table 3.2.3: Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals – Trichloroacetic Acid
Water Quality Parameter : Trichloroacetic Acid Regulatory Standard : For drinking water supplies treated with chlorine-based chemicals, no results to exceed 0.1 mg/L. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.1 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.
Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Regulations Samples Drinking Water
Alexandra Monthly 12 0 0.012 Yes Avenel Monthly 12 0 0.017 Yes Barmah Monthly 12 0 0.014 Yes Bonnie Doon Monthly 12 0 0.009 Yes Broadford Monthly 12 0 0.014 Yes Buxton Monthly 12 0 0.066 Yes Cobram Monthly 12 0 0.012 Yes Colbinabbin Monthly 12 0 0.029 Yes Dookie Monthly 12 0 0.048 Yes Eildon Monthly 12 0 0.014 Yes Euroa Monthly 12 0 0.027 Yes Girgarre Monthly 12 0 0.029 Yes Katamatite Monthly 12 0 0.010 Yes Katandra West Monthly 12 0 0.028 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 0.005 Yes Kilmore Monthly 12 0 0.015 Yes Kyabram Monthly 12 0 0.009 Yes Longwood Monthly 12 0 0.064 Yes Mansfield Monthly 12 0 0.008 Yes Marysville Monthly 12 0 0.055 Yes Merrigum Monthly 12 0 0.014 Yes Mooroopna Monthly 12 0 0.016 Yes Murchison Monthly 12 0 0.017 Yes Nagambie Monthly 12 0 0.055 Yes Nathalia Monthly 12 0 0.043 Yes Numurkah Monthly 12 0 0.011 Yes Picola Monthly 12 0 0.011 Yes Pyalong Monthly 12 0 0.013 Yes Rushworth Monthly 12 0 0.012 Yes Seymour High Level Monthly 12 0 0.013 Yes Seymour Low Level Monthly 12 0 0.012 Yes Shepparton Monthly 12 0 0.019 Yes Stanhope Monthly 12 0 0.041 Yes Strathmerton Monthly 12 0 0.021 Yes Tallarook Monthly 12 0 0.019 Yes Tallygaroopna Monthly 12 0 0.012 Yes Tatura Monthly 12 0 0.008 Yes Thornton Monthly 12 0 0.014 Yes Tongala Monthly 12 0 0.006 Yes Toolamba Monthly 12 0 0.027 Yes Trawool Monthly 12 0 0.008 Yes Upper Delatite Monthly 12 0 0.054 Yes Violet Town Monthly 12 0 0.043 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Monthly 12 0 0.016 Yes Waterford Park Monthly 12 0 0.009 Yes Wunghnu Monthly 12 0 0.010 Yes Yarroweyah Monthly 12 0 0.014 Yes Yea Monthly 12 0 0.016 Yes
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Table 3.2.4: Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals – Trihalomethanes
Water Quality Parameter : Trihalomethanes, total Regulatory Standard : For drinking water supplies treated with chlorine-based chemicals, no results to exceed 0.25 mg/L. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.25 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.
Number of Non- Sampling Maximum Result Compliant with Water Sampling Locality Number of Samples complying Frequency (mg/L) Regulations Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Monthly 12 0 0.036 Yes Avenel Monthly 12 0 0.042 Yes Barmah Monthly 12 0 0.034 Yes Bonnie Doon Monthly 12 0 0.057 Yes Broadford Monthly 12 0 0.068 Yes Buxton Monthly 12 0 0.130 Yes Cobram Monthly 12 0 0.025 Yes Colbinabbin Monthly 12 0 0.140 Yes Dookie Monthly 12 0 0.068 Yes Eildon Monthly 12 0 0.054 Yes Euroa Monthly 12 0 0.080 Yes Girgarre Monthly 12 0 0.085 Yes Katamatite Monthly 12 0 0.055 Yes Katandra West Monthly 12 0 0.078 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 0.006 Yes Kilmore Monthly 12 0 0.066 Yes Kyabram Monthly 12 0 0.038 Yes Longwood Monthly 12 0 0.120 Yes Mansfield Monthly 12 0 0.061 Yes Marysville Monthly 12 0 0.084 Yes Merrigum Monthly 12 0 0.060 Yes Mooroopna Monthly 12 0 0.062 Yes Murchison Monthly 12 0 0.052 Yes Nagambie Monthly 12 0 0.098 Yes Nathalia Monthly 12 0 0.096 Yes Numurkah Monthly 12 0 0.039 Yes Picola Monthly 12 0 0.057 Yes Pyalong Monthly 12 0 0.200 Yes Rushworth Monthly 12 0 0.052 Yes Seymour High Level Monthly 12 0 0.038 Yes Seymour Low Level Monthly 12 0 0.032 Yes Shepparton Monthly 12 0 0.061 Yes Stanhope Monthly 12 0 0.110 Yes Strathmerton Monthly 12 0 0.078 Yes Tallarook Monthly 12 0 0.051 Yes Tallygaroopna Monthly 12 0 0.079 Yes Tatura Monthly 12 0 0.028 Yes Thornton Monthly 12 0 0.042 Yes Tongala Monthly 12 0 0.036 Yes Toolamba Monthly 12 0 0.069 Yes Trawool Monthly 12 0 0.038 Yes Upper Delatite Monthly 12 0 0.055 Yes Violet Town Monthly 12 0 0.089 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Monthly 12 0 0.069 Yes Waterford Park Monthly 12 0 0.084 Yes Wunghnu Monthly 12 0 0.038 Yes Yarroweyah Monthly 12 0 0.034 Yes Yea Monthly 12 0 0.050 Yes
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3.2.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance
All drinking water sampling localities complied with the regulatory standard for Chlorine based disinfection by-product chemicals.
3.3 Ozone based disinfection by-product chemicals
Formaldehyde and bromate are potentially formed where ozone is used for disinfection. Goulburn Valley Water does not use ozone based disinfection at any of its water treatment plants and therefore do not monitor for these disinfection by-products.
3.4 Aluminium
Aluminium may be present at low levels in natural waters, and is introduced into water supplies through the use of aluminium-based coagulants used in the treatment process. When water treatment plants are operating properly, residual levels of aluminium are mostly negligible. If high residual levels of aluminium are present, the water has a metallic taste, and ‘post-flocculation’ of the aluminium may result in dirty water.
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3.4.1 Results
Table 3.4.1: Acid Soluble Aluminium
Water Quality Parameter : Aluminium, acid-soluble Regulatory Standard : For drinking water supplies treated with aluminium-based chemicals, no result to exceed 0.2 mg/L. ADWG Health Guideline : There is no health-based limit. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Should not exceed 0.2 mg/L.
Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Result Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples (mg/L) Regulations Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Monthly 12 0 0.03 Yes Avenel Monthly 12 0 0.09 Yes Barmah Monthly 12 0 0.33 No Bonnie Doon Monthly 12 0 0.16 Yes Broadford Monthly 12 0 0.04 Yes Buxton 1 Quarterly 4 0 0.05 Yes Cobram Monthly 12 0 0.03 Yes Colbinabbin Monthly 12 0 0.04 Yes Dookie Monthly 12 0 0.02 Yes Eildon Monthly 12 0 0.02 Yes Euroa Monthly 12 0 0.02 Yes Girgarre Monthly 12 0 0.01 Yes Katamatite Monthly 12 0 0.05 Yes Katandra West Monthly 12 0 0.07 Yes Katunga 1 Quarterly 4 0 <0.005 Yes Kilmore Monthly 12 0 0.03 Yes Kyabram Monthly 12 0 0.13 Yes Longwood Monthly 12 0 0.07 Yes Mansfield Monthly 12 0 0.03 Yes Marysville 1 Quarterly 4 0 0.07 Yes Merrigum Monthly 12 0 0.06 Yes Mooroopna Monthly 12 0 0.06 Yes Murchison Monthly 12 0 0.09 Yes Nagambie Monthly 12 0 0.04 Yes Nathalia Monthly 12 0 0.01 Yes Numurkah Monthly 12 0 0.05 Yes Picola Monthly 12 0 0.04 Yes Pyalong 1 Quarterly 4 0 0.01 Yes Rushworth Monthly 12 0 0.06 Yes Seymour High Level Monthly 12 0 0.04 Yes Seymour Low Level Monthly 12 0 0.05 Yes Shepparton Monthly 12 1 0.11 Yes Stanhope Monthly 12 0 0.01 Yes Strathmerton Monthly 12 0 0.07 Yes Tallarook Monthly 12 0 0.07 Yes Tallygaroopna Monthly 12 0 0.04 Yes Tatura Monthly 12 0 0.05 Yes Thornton Monthly 12 0 0.03 Yes Tongala Monthly 12 0 0.04 Yes Toolamba Monthly 12 0 0.11 Yes Trawool Monthly 12 0 0.02 Yes Upper Delatite Monthly 12 0 0.02 Yes Violet Town Monthly 12 0 0.04 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Monthly 12 0 0.02 Yes Waterford Park Monthly 12 0 0.03 Yes Wunghnu Monthly 12 0 0.04 Yes Yarroweyah Monthly 12 0 0.03 Yes Yea Monthly 12 0 0.05 Yes
1 Coagulant dosing is not conducted at these sites. Monitoring data relates to naturally occurring aluminium.
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Graph 3.4: Acid soluble aluminium
3.4.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance
During 2014/15, one non-compliant acid-soluble aluminium result was recorded at Barmah. Investigation of the water treatment process was performed and there was no indication of process failure. The cause of the elevated aluminium lab result is unknown. Goulburn Valley Water reported the aluminium exceedance to Department of Health & Human Services as required under Section 18 of the Act.
All other drinking water sampling localities complied with the regulatory standard for aluminium.
Table 3.4.2: Summary of aluminium notifications under the Act
Date Locality Issue Notification*
5/8/2014 Barmah Aluminium, acid Section 18 soluble *Refer to Section 4 of this report for action taken in response to this incident.
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3.5 Turbidity
Turbidity is a measure of the ‘cloudiness’ of water, caused by the presence of fine suspended particles. According to the Safe Drinking Water Regulations 2015 which specifies the water quality standard, the 95th percentile of results for samples in any 12 month period must be less than or equal to 5⋅0 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU). The ADWG guideline limit for turbidity is 5 NTU. This is based on aesthetic consideration and there is no health limit on turbidity.
3.5.1 Results
Table 3.5.1: Turbidity
Water Quality Parameter : Turbidity Regulatory Standard : For drinking water supplies, the 95% Upper Confidence Limit (UCL) of the Mean is not to exceed 5.0 NTU. ADWG Health Guideline : There is no health-based limit. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Should not exceed 5 NTU.
Sampling Number of Maximum Result Compliant with Water Sampling Locality 95% UCL of Mean Frequency Samples (NTU) Regulations Drinking Water Alexandra Weekly 53 0.4 0.2 Yes Avenel Weekly 53 1.0 0.2 Yes Barmah Weekly 53 0.4 0.2 Yes Bonnie Doon Weekly 54 0.4 0.2 Yes Broadford Weekly 52 0.6 0.2 Yes Buxton Weekly 53 0.6 0.3 Yes Cobram Weekly 64 0.4 0.2 Yes Colbinabbin Weekly 53 0.2 0.1 Yes Dookie Weekly 52 0.3 0.1 Yes Eildon Weekly 53 0.4 0.2 Yes Euroa Weekly 53 1.5 0.2 Yes Girgarre Weekly 52 0.4 0.2 Yes Katamatite Weekly 52 0.2 0.1 Yes Katandra West Weekly 52 0.2 0.1 Yes Katunga Weekly 52 0.2 0.1 Yes Kilmore Weekly 64 0.7 0.2 Yes Kyabram Weekly 64 0.9 0.2 Yes Longwood Weekly 54 0.8 0.2 Yes Mansfield Weekly 53 0.2 0.1 Yes Marysville Weekly 53 0.6 0.3 Yes Merrigum Weekly 52 0.7 0.2 Yes Mooroopna Weekly 64 0.5 0.2 Yes Murchison Weekly 53 0.4 0.2 Yes Nagambie Weekly 50 0.8 0.2 Yes Nathalia Weekly 53 0.4 0.1 Yes Numurkah Weekly 53 0.2 0.1 Yes Picola Weekly 53 1.9 0.4 Yes Pyalong Weekly 53 0.3 0.1 Yes Rushworth Weekly 53 0.5 0.2 Yes Seymour High Level Weekly 53 0.8 0.2 Yes Seymour Low Level Weekly 65 0.4 0.2 Yes Shepparton Weekly 158 3.0 0.3 Yes Stanhope Weekly 52 0.3 0.1 Yes Strathmerton Weekly 52 0.3 0.1 Yes Tallarook Weekly 53 0.5 0.2 Yes Tallygaroopna Weekly 52 0.4 0.2 Yes Tatura Weekly 53 5.1 0.5 Yes Thornton Weekly 53 0.3 0.2 Yes Tongala Weekly 52 0.2 0.1 Yes Toolamba Weekly 53 2.0 0.3 Yes Trawool Weekly 53 7.6 1.1 Yes Upper Delatite Weekly 53 0.2 0.1 Yes Violet Town Weekly 53 0.4 0.2 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Weekly 52 0.4 0.2 Yes Waterford Park Weekly 52 0.6 0.3 Yes Wunghnu Weekly 53 0.3 0.1 Yes Yarroweyah Weekly 52 0.4 0.2 Yes Yea Weekly 53 0.3 0.2 Yes
Due to population sizes, Cobram, Kilmore , Kyabram, Mooroopna, and Seymour (Low Level) have an extra sample taken per month. Shepparton has three samples taken per week due to its population size.
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3.5.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance All drinking water sampling localities complied with the turbidity water quality standard.
3.6 Fluoride
Fluoride occurs naturally in varying amounts in groundwater and some surface waters. Some drinking water supplies are deliberately fluoridated to adjust the natural fluoride content of drinking water to the optimum level to provide a dental health benefit. Based on health considerations, the ADWG guideline limit for fluoride is 1.5 mg/L.
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3.6.1 Results
Table 3.6.1: Fluoride
Water Quality Parameter : Fluoride Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 1.5 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.
Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples
Fluoridated Drinking Water
Avenel Monthly 53 0 0.9 Yes Kilmore* Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Kyabram Monthly 64 0 0.9 Yes Merrigum Monthly 52 0 1.0 Yes Mooroopna Monthly 64 0 0.9 Yes Seymour High Level Monthly 53 0 0.9 Yes Seymour Low Level Monthly 65 0 1.0 Yes Shepparton Monthly 156 0 0.9 Yes Tallarook Monthly 53 0 0.9 Yes Tallygaroopna Monthly 52 0 0.9 Yes Tongala Monthly 52 0 0.8 Yes Toolamba Monthly 53 0 0.9 Yes Trawool Monthly 53 0 0.9 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction* Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Non-Fluoridated Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Katunga Quarterly 4 0 0.5 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 0.1 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 0.1 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 0.4 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 <0.1 Yes
* Fluoridation at Kilmore WTP which supplies water to Kilmore and Wandong/Heathcote Junction commenced on 24th June 2015. Monthly sampling started in July 2015.
3.6.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance
During the 2014/15 reporting period all water sampling localities results were within the fluoride code of practice upper action process limit and the ADWG health-based guideline value for fluoride.
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3.7 Other algae, pathogens, chemical or substance that may pose a risk to human health
Other health-related parameters include heavy metals, chlorite, chlorate, cyanide, nitrate, nitrite, pesticides, organic compounds, radioactive materials and algal toxins.
Heavy metals monitored by Goulburn Valley Water include antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel and selenium.
Chlorite and chlorate may be produced when chlorine dioxide in used in the disinfection process. Cyanide may be present in natural source waters as a result of industrial waste discharge or through the natural decomposition of some plants.
Nitrate may be present in natural waters from fertilisers, industrial waste discharge, the degradation of organic wastes, and even lightning strikes through air. At relatively high concentrations, nitrate can be toxic to humans. Nitrite is relatively unstable and is rapidly oxidised to nitrate in well oxygenated or chlorinated supplies.
Pesticides are agricultural chemicals that include insecticides and herbicides. Contamination of raw water supplies by pesticides is generally negligible, but may occur as a result of accidental spills or misuse.
Organic compounds that may impact on the health of consumers are rarely present in drinking water supplies, but could potentially be present in raw water sources as a result of accidental spills or misuse.
Radioactive materials may occur in some environments, either naturally or from industrial sources. Goulburn Valley Water’s laboratory testing program includes routine screening for gross alpha and beta activity in all raw water supplies to our treatment plants.
Algal toxins are harmful compounds produced by certain species of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). They can only be present if there is a bloom of a relevant species of blue-green algae. Regular screening for the presence of blue-green algae is conducted by Goulburn Valley Water’s field technicians. A contingency plan has been developed, including the implementation of laboratory testing for algae and toxins, if significant blooms do occur.
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3.7.1 Results
Table 3.7.1.1: Health related parameters – Antimony
Water Quality Parameter : Antimony, total Regulatory Requirement : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.003 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.
Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Katunga Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 3 0 <0.001 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes
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Table 3.7.1.2: Health related parameters – Arsenic
Water Quality Parameter : Arsenic, total Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.01 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicalbe.
Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Katunga1 Monthly 12 0 <0.001 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes
1. Katunga was monitored at a higher frequency due to the source water being bore water.
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Table 3.7.1.3: Health related parameters – Barium Water Quality Parameter : Barium, total Regulatory Requirement : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 2 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.
Number of Non- Source Water Sampling Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with complying Locality Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.022 Yes Barmah WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.029 Yes Bonnie Doon WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.031 Yes Broadford WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.017 Yes Cobram WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.016 Yes Colbinabbin WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.031 Yes Dookie WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.025 Yes Euroa WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.041 Yes Girgarre WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.029 Yes Katamatite WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.057 Yes Katandra West WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.033 Yes Katunga WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.054 Yes Kilmore WTP 1 Quarterly 8 0 0.029 Yes Kyabram WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.039 Yes Longwood WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.041 Yes Mansfield WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.017 Yes Marysville WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.020 Yes Murchison WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.026 Yes Nagambie WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.022 Yes Nathalia WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.077 Yes Numurkah WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.018 Yes Picola WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.083 Yes Pyalong WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.240 Yes Rushworth WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.026 Yes Seymour WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.028 Yes Shepparton WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.040 Yes Stanhope WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.063 Yes Tatura WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.041 Yes Tongala WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.047 Yes Upper Delatite WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.009 Yes Yea WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.064 Yes
1 Kilmore WTP has 8 samples taken due to that fact that it sources its raw water from both Sunday Creek Reservoir and Hollowback Reservoir.
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Table 3.7.1.4: Health related parameters – Cadmium
Water Quality Parameter : Cadmium, total Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.002 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.
Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 <0.0001 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes
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Table 3.7.1.5: Health related parameters – Chromium
Water Quality Parameter : Chromium, total Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.05 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.
Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 0.002 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes
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Table 3.7.1.6: Health related parameters – Copper Water Quality Parameter : Copper, total Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 2 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Should not exceed 1 mg/L.
Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 0.027 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 0.008 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 0.013 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 0.013 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 0.004 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 0.030 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 0.006 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 0.018 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 0.120 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 0.010 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 0.023 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 0.014 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 0.005 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 0.015 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 0.022 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 0.009 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 0.027 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 0.007 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 0.032 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 0.004 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 0.006 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 0.035 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 0.047 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 0.012 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 0.025 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 0.035 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 0.007 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 0.005 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 0.017 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 0.006 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 0.020 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 0.009 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 0.017 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 0.008 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 0.005 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 0.040 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 0.019 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 0.006 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 0.012 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 4 0 0.006 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 0.160 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 0.009 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 0.007 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 0.026 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 4 0 0.010 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 0.010 Yes
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Table 3.7.1.7: Health related parameters – Lead
Water Quality Parameter : Lead, total Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.01 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.
Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 <0.001 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes
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Table 3.7.1.8: Health related parameters – Manganese Water Quality Parameter : Manganese, total Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.5 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Should not exceed 0.1 mg/L.
Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 0.004 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 0.067 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 0.011 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 0.007 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 0.007 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 <0.001 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 0.015 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Longwood Quarterly 6 0 0.012 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 0.004 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 0.005 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 0.004 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 0.005 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 0.095 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 0.006 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 0.014 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 0.049 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 0.004 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 0.006 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 0.025 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 0.007 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 0.016 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 0.007 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 0.023 Yes
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Table 3.7.1.9: Health related parameters – Mercury
Water Quality Parameter : Mercury, total Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.001 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.
Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 <0.0001 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 <0.0001 Yes
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Table 3.7.1.10: Health related parameters – Molybdenum Water Quality Parameter : Molybdenum, total Regulatory Requirement : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.05 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.
Number of Non- Source Water Sampling Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with complying Locality Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Barmah WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Bonnie Doon WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Broadford WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Cobram WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Colbinabbin WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes DookieWTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Euroa WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Girgarre WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Katamatite WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Katandra West WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Katunga WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Kilmore WTP 1 Quarterly 8 0 <0.001 Yes Kyabram WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Longwood WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Mansfield WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Marysville WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Murchison WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Nagambie WTP Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Nathalia WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Numurkah WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Picola WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Pyalong WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Rushworth WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Seymour WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Shepparton WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Stanhope WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tatura WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tongala WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Upper Delatite WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Yea WTP Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes
1 Kilmore WTP has 8 samples taken due to that fact that it sources its raw water from both Sunday Creek Reservoir and Hollowback Reservoir .
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Table 3.7.1.11: Health related parameters – Nickel Water Quality Parameter : Nickel, total Regulatory Requirement : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.02 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.
Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 0.008 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Katunga Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 0.006 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 0.001 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 <0.001 Yes
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Table 3.7.1.12: Health related parameters – Selenium
Water Quality Parameter : Selenium, total Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.01 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.
Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 <0.002 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 0.002 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 0.003 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 <0.002 Yes
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Table 3.7.2.1: Health related parameters – Chlorite Water Quality Parameter : Chlorite Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.8 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.
Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Buxton Monthly 7 0 0.3 Yes Marysville Monthly 7 0 0.4 Yes
Monthly samples were taken from July 2014 to January 2015. Sampling for chlorite ceased since the new Marysville WTP went into production on 26 February 2015 and chlorine dioxide is no longer used as disinfectant. Affected localities are Marysville and Buxton.
Table 3.7.2.2: Health related parameters – Chlorate Water Quality Parameter : Chlorate Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : There is no guideline value. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : There is no guideline value.
Sampling Number of Minimum Maximum Water Sampling Locality Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Result (mg/L)
Drinking Water Buxton Monthly 7 <0.1 0.7 Marysville Monthly 7 <0.1 0.6
Monthly samples were taken from July 2014 to January 2015. Sampling for chlorate ceased since the new Marysville WTP went into production in early 2015 and chlorine dioxide is no longer used as disinfectant. Affected localities are Marysville and Buxton.
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Table 3.7.2.3: Health related parameters – Cyanide
Water Quality Parameter : Cyanide Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.08 mg/L. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.
Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Katunga Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 0.01 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 < 0.01 Yes
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Table 3.7.2.4: Health related parameters – Oxidised nitrogen (nitrate and nitrite)
Water Quality Parameter : Oxidised Nitrogen (Nitrate and Nitrite) Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards.
ADWG Health Guideline : Nitrate should not exceed 50 mg/L as NO3 (11 mg/L as NO3-N)
ADWG Health Guideline : Nitrite should not exceed 3 mg/L as NO2 (0.9 mg/L as NO2-N) ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.
Maximum Maximum Number of Non- Sampling Number of Nitrate Nitrite Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples Result (mg/L Result (mg/L Guidelines Samples as NO 3 -N) as NO 2 -N) Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 0.26 < 0.005 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 1.10 < 0.005 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 0.12 < 0.005 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 0.08 < 0.005 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 0.09 < 0.005 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 0.22 < 0.005 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 0.08 < 0.005 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 0.02 0.006 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 0.23 < 0.005 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 0.23 0.008 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 0.54 0.020 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 0.05 0.011 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 0.05 0.021 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 0.07 < 0.005 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 0.16 0.100 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 0.42 < 0.005 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 0.10 < 0.005 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 0.70 < 0.005 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 0.10 0.006 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 0.15 < 0.005 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 0.10 < 0.005 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 0.19 0.008 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 0.36 < 0.005 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 0.21 < 0.005 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 0.42 < 0.005 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 0.03 0.012 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 0.09 < 0.005 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 0.25 < 0.005 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 0.30 < 0.005 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 0.32 0.009 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 0.31 0.008 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 0.15 < 0.005 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 0.18 < 0.005 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 0.11 < 0.005 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 0.33 0.009 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 0.13 0.013 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 0.10 0.011 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 0.26 < 0.005 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 0.14 0.029 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 0.17 0.006 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 0.29 0.007 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 4 0 0.16 < 0.005 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 0.54 < 0.005 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 0.06 < 0.005 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 0.04 < 0.005 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 0.06 < 0.005 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 4 0 0.07 0.007 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 0.46 0.480 Yes
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Table 3.7.3.1: Health related parameters – Organic compounds in source water
Water Quality Parameter : Health-related organic compounds Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards ADWG Health Guidelines : For those compounds tested (listed below), the relevant health-based limits are shown.
Acenaphthene n/a 1,1-dichloroethene 30 μg/L PCB Congener C180 n/a Acenapthylene n/a 1,2-dichloroethane 3 μg/L PCB Congener C28 n/a Anthracene n/a 2,4-dichlorophenol 200 μg/L PCB Congener C52 n/a Benzene 1 μg/L Ethyl Benzene 300 μg/L Phenanthrene n/a Benzo-(a)-pyrene 0.01 μg/L Fluoranthene n/a Pyrene n/a Benzo-[a]-anthracene n/a Fluorene n/a Tetrachloroethene 50 μg/L Benzo-[b,k]-fluoranthene n/a Indeno-[1,2,3-cd]-pyrene n/a Toluene 800 μg/L Benzo-[g,h,i]-perylene n/a 1-methylnapthalene n/a Tribromomethane (Bromoform) 250 μg/L Bromodichloromethane 250 μg/L 2-methylnapthalene n/a Trichloromethane (Chloroform) 250 μg/L Carbon tetrachloride 3 μg/L Napthalene n/a 2,4,6-trichlorophenol 20 μg/L 2-chlorophenol 300 μg/L PCB Congener C101 n/a Xylene, meta & para 600 μg/L Chrysene n/a PCB Congener C118 n/a Xylene, ortho 600 μg/L Dibenzo-[a,h]-anthracene n/a PCB Congener C138 n/a Dibromochloromethane 250 μg/L PCB Congener C153 n/a
Number of Non- Source Water Sampling Sampling Number of Compliant with complying Locality Frequency Samples Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Barmah WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Bonnie Doon WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Broadford WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Cobram WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Colbinabbin WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes DookieWTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Euroa WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Girgarre WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Katamatite WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Katandra West WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Katunga WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Kilmore WTP 1 Quarterly 8 0 Yes Kyabram WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Longwood WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Mansfield WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Marysville WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Murchison WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Nagambie WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Nathalia WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Numurkah WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Picola WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Pyalong WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Rushworth WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Seymour WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Shepparton WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Stanhope WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Tatura WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Tongala WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Upper Delatite WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes Yea WTP Quarterly 4 0 Yes
1 Kilmore WTP has 8 samples taken due to that fact that it sources its raw water from both Sunday Creek Reservoir and Hollowback Reservoir .
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Table 3.7.3.2: Health related parameters – Organic compounds in reticulation
Water Quality Parameter : Health-related organic compounds (Reticulation) Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards ADWG Health Guidelines : For those compounds tested (listed below), the relevant health-based limits are shown.
Benzene 1 μg/L Tetrachloroethene 50 μg/L Carbon tetrachloride 3 μg/L Toluene 800 μg/L 1,1-dichloroethene 30 μg/L 2,4,6-trichlorophenol 20 μg/L 1,2-dichloroethane 3 μg/L Xylene, meta & para 600 μg/L Ethyl Benzene 300 μg/L Xylene, ortho 600 μg/L
Number of Non- Compliant with Water Sampling Locality Sampling Frequency Number of Samples complying Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Monthly 12 0 Yes Avenel Monthly 12 0 Yes Barmah Monthly 12 0 Yes Bonnie Doon Monthly 12 0 Yes Broadford Monthly 12 0 Yes Buxton Monthly 12 0 Yes Cobram Monthly 12 0 Yes Colbinabbin Monthly 12 0 Yes Dookie Monthly 12 0 Yes Eildon Monthly 12 0 Yes Euroa Monthly 12 0 Yes Girgarre Monthly 12 0 Yes Katamatite Monthly 12 0 Yes Katandra West Monthly 12 0 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 Yes Kilmore Monthly 12 0 Yes Kyabram Monthly 12 0 Yes Longwood Monthly 12 0 Yes Mansfield Monthly 12 0 Yes Marysville Monthly 12 0 Yes Merrigum Monthly 12 0 Yes Mooroopna Monthly 12 0 Yes Murchison Monthly 12 0 Yes Nagambie Monthly 12 0 Yes Nathalia Monthly 12 0 Yes Numurkah Monthly 12 0 Yes Picola Monthly 12 0 Yes Pyalong Monthly 12 0 Yes Rushworth Monthly 12 0 Yes Seymour High Level Monthly 12 0 Yes Seymour Low Level Monthly 12 0 Yes Shepparton Monthly 12 0 Yes Stanhope Monthly 12 0 Yes Strathmerton Monthly 12 0 Yes Tallarook Monthly 12 0 Yes Tallygaroopna Monthly 12 0 Yes Tatura Monthly 12 0 Yes Thornton Monthly 12 0 Yes Tongala Monthly 12 0 Yes Toolamba Monthly 12 0 Yes Trawool Monthly 12 0 Yes Upper Delatite Monthly 12 0 Yes Violet Town Monthly 12 0 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Monthly 12 0 Yes Waterford Park Monthly 12 0 Yes Wunghnu Monthly 12 0 Yes Yarroweyah Monthly 12 0 Yes Yea Monthly 12 0 Yes
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Table 3.7.3.3: Health related parameters – Chloral hydrate in reticulation Water Quality Parameter : Trichloroacetaldehyde (Chloral Hydrate) Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : Should not exceed 0.1 mg/L ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Not applicable.
Number of Non- Sampling Number of Maximum Result Compliant with Water Sampling Locality complying Frequency Samples (mg/L) Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Avenel Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Barmah Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Bonnie Doon Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Broadford Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Buxton Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Cobram Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Colbinabbin Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Dookie Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Eildon Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Euroa Monthly 12 0 0.02 Yes Girgarre Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Katamatite Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Katandra West Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Kilmore Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Kyabram Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Longwood Monthly 12 0 0.02 Yes Mansfield Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Marysville Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Merrigum Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Mooroopna Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Murchison Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Nagambie Monthly 12 0 0.022 Yes Nathalia Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Numurkah Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Picola Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Pyalong Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Rushworth Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Seymour High Level Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Seymour Low Level Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Shepparton Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Stanhope Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Strathmerton Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Tallarook Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Tallygaroopna Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Tatura Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Thornton Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Tongala Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Toolamba Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Trawool Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Upper Delatite Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Violet Town Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Waterford Park Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Wunghnu Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Yarroweyah Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes Yea Monthly 12 0 < 0.02 Yes
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Table 3.7.3.4: Health related parameters – Pesticides in source water Water Quality Parameter : Pesticides Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guidelines : For those pesticides tested (listed below), the relevant health-based limits are shown.
Acrolein n/a Endosulfan 30 μg/L Parathion 20 μg/L Aldrin 0.3 μg/L Endosulfan II n/a Pentachlorophenol 10 μg/L alpha - BHC n/a Endosulfan Sulphate n/a Phorate n/a Atrazine 20 μg/L Endrin n/a Picloram 300 μg/L Azinphos-methyl 30 μg/L Propiconazole 100 μg/L beta - BHC n/a Endrin Ketone n/a Prothiophos n/a Bromoxynil 10 μg/L EPN n/a Simazine 20 μg/L Chlordane (cis) 1 μg/L Ethoprophos (Prophos) 1 μg/L 2,4,5-T 100 μg/L Fenchlorphos (Ronnel) 30 μg/L Tetrachlorvinphos 100 μg/L Chlorpyrifos 10 μg/L Fenitrothion 7 μg/L Triclopyr 20 μg/L Clopyralid 2000 μg/L Fenoprop (Silvex / 2,4,5-TP) 10 μg/L Trifluralin 90 μg/L Coumaphos n/a Fenthion 7 Amitrole* 9 μg/L 2,4-D 30 μg/L Heptachlor 0.3 μg/L Chlorothalonil* 50 μg/L DDD n/a Heptachlor epoxide 0.3 μg/L Chlorsulfuron* 200 μg/L DDE n/a Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) n/a Fipronil* 0.7 DDT 20 μg/L Hexazinone 400 μg/L Methomyl* 20 μg/L delta-BHC n/a Lindane (gamma-BHC) 20 μg/L Omethoate* 1 μg/L Demeton-S Methyl n/a Maldison (Malathion) 50 μg/L Oxyfluorfen* n/a Diazinon 4 μg/L MCPA 40 Parathion methyl* 0.7 μg/L Dicamba 100 μg/L Metribuzin 70 μg/L Pendimethalin* 400 μg/L Dichlorvos (DDVP) 5 μg/L Metsulfuron-methyl 40 μg/L Sulfometuron Methyl* n/a Dieldrin 0.3 μg/L Molinate 4 μg/L Temephos* 400 μg/L Dimethoate 7 μg/L Monocrotophos 2 μg/L Thiobencarb* 40 μg/L
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Table 3.7.3.4: Health related parameters – Pesticides in source water (cont.)
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Table 3.7.3.5: Health related para meters – Pesticides in reticulation
Water Quality Parameter : Pesticides (Reticulation) Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guidelines : For those pesticides tested (listed below), the relevant health-based limits are shown.
Acrolein n/a 2,4-D 30 μg/L Pentachlorophenol 10 μg/L
Number of Non- Compliant with Water Sampling Locality Sampling Frequency Number of Samples complying Guidelines Samples Drinking Water Alexandra Monthly 12 0 Yes Avenel Monthly 12 0 Yes Barmah Monthly 12 0 Yes Bonnie Doon Monthly 12 0 Yes Broadford Monthly 12 0 Yes Buxton Monthly 12 0 Yes Cobram Monthly 12 0 Yes Colbinabbin Monthly 12 0 Yes Dookie Monthly 12 0 Yes Eildon Monthly 12 0 Yes Euroa Monthly 12 0 Yes Girgarre Monthly 12 0 Yes Katamatite Monthly 12 0 Yes Katandra West Monthly 12 0 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 Yes Kilmore Monthly 12 0 Yes Kyabram Monthly 12 0 Yes Longwood Monthly 12 0 Yes Mansfield Monthly 12 0 Yes Marysville Monthly 12 0 Yes Merrigum Monthly 12 0 Yes Mooroopna Monthly 12 0 Yes Murchison Monthly 12 0 Yes Nagambie Monthly 12 0 Yes Nathalia Monthly 12 0 Yes Numurkah Monthly 12 0 Yes Picola Monthly 12 0 Yes Pyalong Monthly 12 0 Yes Rushworth Monthly 12 0 Yes Seymour High Level Monthly 12 0 Yes Seymour Low Level Monthly 12 0 Yes Shepparton Monthly 12 0 Yes Stanhope Monthly 12 0 Yes Strathmerton Monthly 12 0 Yes Tallarook Monthly 12 0 Yes Tallygaroopna Monthly 12 0 Yes Tatura Monthly 12 0 Yes Thornton Monthly 12 0 Yes Tongala Monthly 12 0 Yes Toolamba Monthly 12 0 Yes Trawool Monthly 12 0 Yes Upper Delatite Monthly 12 0 Yes Violet Town Monthly 12 0 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Monthly 12 0 Yes Waterford Park Monthly 12 0 Yes Wunghnu Monthly 12 0 Yes Yarroweyah Monthly 12 0 Yes Yea Monthly 12 0 Yes
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Table 3.7.4.1: Health related parameters – Radiological Water Quality Parameter : Radiological parameters Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guidelines : For those parameters tested (listed below), the relevant screening levels are shown. Gross Alpha activity Screening level of 0.5 Bq/L Gross Beta activity Screening level of 0.5 Bq/L (corrected for Potassium-40)
Number of Gross Alpha Gross Beta Source Water Sampling Sampling Number of Non-complying Compliant with Compliant with Locality Frequency Samples Samples Guidelines Guidelines
Drinking Water Alexandra WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Barmah WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Bonnie Doon WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Broadford WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Cobram WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Colbinabbin WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Dookie WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Euroa WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Girgarre WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Katamatite WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Katandra West WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Katunga WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Kilmore WTP 1 Yearly 2 0 Yes Yes Kyabram WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Longwood WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Mansfield WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Marysville WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Murchison WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Nagambie WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Nathalia WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Numurkah WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Picola WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Pyalong WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Rushworth WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Seymour WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Shepparton WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Stanhope WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Tatura WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Tongala WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Upper Delatite WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes Yea WTP Yearly 1 0 Yes Yes
1 Kilmore WTP has 2 samples taken due to that fact that it sources its raw water from both Sunday Creek Reservoir and Hollowback Reservoir. 3.7.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance
During the 2014/15 reporting period all water sampling localities complied with the ADWG health-based guidelines.
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3.8 Aesthetics
Physical parameters help to describe the appearance, taste and odour of drinking water. Goulburn Valley Water regularly tests each drinking water supply for pH, colour, conductivity, hardness, alkalinity and iron. pH is a measure of the water’s acidity or alkalinity. It is an important operational parameter, and has a significant effect on the efficiency of disinfection. To minimise the potential for corrosion of pipes or mineral scale formation, the guideline limits for pH are 6.5 to 8.5.
True colour is a measure of the intensity of the yellow hue that is naturally imparted into some surface waters. Dissolved organic matter, especially humic and fulvic acids, and dissolved inorganic matter, especially iron and manganese impart colour into water.
Electrical conductivity is proportional to the concentration of dissolved salts in the water. It is commonly used as a surrogate measure for total dissolved solids. The palatability of drinking water diminishes with increasing levels of dissolved salts.
Hardness generally indicates the level of dissolved calcium and magnesium salts in the water. It makes soap difficult to lather and can result in scaling (encrustation) in hot water services and plumbing. Modern dishwashers and other appliances often require settings based upon the hardness of the water.
Alkalinity is a measure of the buffering capacity of water with respect to pH change. Although there are no drinking water guidelines for alkalinity, it can be important for chemical treatment and industrial processes.
Iron occurs in natural waters from contact with soils and rock. Iron may also be present in drinking water supplies through contact with iron and steel pipes and fittings. Excessive iron in water may result in discolouration, an objectionable taste, the staining of laundry, and the staining of plumbing fixtures.
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3.8.1 Results
Table 3.8.1: Aesthetic related parameters – pH
Water Quality Parameter : pH Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : There are no health-based limits. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Should be between 6.5 and 8.5 pH Units
Number of Non- Minimum Maximum Compliant with Sampling Number of Water Sampling Locality complying Result (pH Result (pH Aesthetic Frequency Samples Samples Units) Units) Guideline Drinking Water Alexandra Monthly 12 0 7.0 7.4 Yes Avenel Monthly 12 0 7.0 7.7 Yes Barmah Monthly 12 0 6.8 7.4 Yes Bonnie Doon Monthly 12 1 6.9 8.6 No Broadford Monthly 12 2 6.9 9.3 No Buxton Monthly 12 0 7.1 8.4 Yes Cobram Monthly 12 0 7.0 7.4 Yes Colbinabbin Monthly 12 0 7.2 7.7 Yes Dookie Monthly 12 0 7.0 7.3 Yes Eildon Monthly 12 2 7.3 9.7 No Euroa Monthly 12 0 7.0 7.8 Yes Girgarre Monthly 12 0 7.2 7.8 Yes Katamatite Monthly 12 3 7.7 8.8 No Katandra West Monthly 12 0 6.9 7.4 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 6.9 7.1 Yes Kilmore Monthly 12 0 7.0 7.4 Yes Kyabram Monthly 12 0 7.2 7.4 Yes Longwood Monthly 12 0 7.0 8.5 No Mansfield Monthly 12 0 7.0 7.6 Yes Marysville Monthly 12 0 7.0 7.9 Yes Merrigum Monthly 12 4 7.4 9.3 No Mooroopna Monthly 12 0 7.1 7.6 Yes Murchison Monthly 12 1 7.2 8.7 No Nagambie Monthly 12 0 7.1 7.9 Yes Nathalia Monthly 12 0 6.9 7.3 Yes Numurkah Monthly 12 0 6.8 8.0 Yes Picola Monthly 12 0 7.0 8.0 Yes Pyalong Monthly 12 0 8.0 8.5 No Rushworth Monthly 12 2 7.0 9.0 No Seymour High Level Monthly 12 0 7.1 8.0 Yes Seymour Low Level Monthly 12 0 7.0 7.8 Yes Shepparton Monthly 12 0 6.8 7.4 Yes Stanhope Monthly 12 0 7.0 7.3 Yes Strathmerton Monthly 12 0 7.1 7.6 Yes Tallarook Monthly 12 1 7.3 8.7 No Tallygaroopna Monthly 12 0 7.0 7.3 Yes Tatura Monthly 12 0 7.2 8.4 Yes Thornton Monthly 12 0 7.1 7.8 Yes Tongala Monthly 12 0 7.1 7.5 Yes Toolamba Monthly 12 0 7.1 7.5 Yes Trawool Monthly 12 6 7.1 9.1 No Upper Delatite Monthly 12 1 7.0 8.6 No Violet Town Monthly 12 0 6.8 7.3 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Monthly 12 1 7.0 8.6 No Waterford Park Monthly 12 0 7.0 7.5 Yes Wunghnu Monthly 12 0 7.1 7.7 Yes Yarroweyah Monthly 12 0 6.8 7.5 Yes Yea Monthly 12 1 7.0 9.2 No
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Table 3.8.2: Aesthetic related parameters – True colour
Water Quality Parameter : True Colour Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : There is no health-based limit. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Should not exceed 15 Hazen Units (HU).
Number of Non- Compliant with Sampling Number of Maximum Water Sampling Locality complying Aesthetic Frequency Samples Result (HU) Samples Guideline Drinking Water Alexandra Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Avenel Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Barmah Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Bonnie Doon Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Broadford Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Buxton Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Cobram Weekly 64 0 < 5 Yes Colbinabbin Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Dookie Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Eildon Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Euroa Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Girgarre Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Katamatite Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Katandra West Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Katunga Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Kilmore Weekly 64 0 < 5 Yes Kyabram Weekly 64 0 < 5 Yes Longwood Weekly 53 0 10 Yes Mansfield Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Marysville Weekly 53 0 5 Yes Merrigum Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Mooroopna Weekly 64 0 < 5 Yes Murchison Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Nagambie Weekly 50 0 < 5 Yes Nathalia Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Numurkah Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Picola Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Pyalong Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Rushworth Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Seymour High Level Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Seymour Low Level Weekly 65 0 < 5 Yes Shepparton Weekly 156 0 5 Yes Stanhope Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Strathmerton Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Tallarook Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Tallygaroopna Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Tatura Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Thornton Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Tongala Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Toolamba Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Trawool Weekly 53 0 35 No Upper Delatite Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Violet Town Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Weekly 52 1 < 5 Yes Waterford Park Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Wunghnu Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes Yarroweyah Weekly 52 0 < 5 Yes Yea Weekly 53 0 < 5 Yes
Due to population sizes, Cobram, Kilmore , Kyabram, Mooroopna, and Seymour (Low Level) have an extra sample taken per month. Shepparton has three samples taken per week due to its population size.
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Table 3.8.3: Aesthetic related parameters – Electrical conductivity
Water Quality Parameter : Electrical Conductivity (EC) Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : There is no health-based limit. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : No specific limit for EC. Based on taste, total dissolved solids (TDS) in drinking water should not exceed 500 mg/L. The equivalent EC figure in μS/cm can be roughly determined by doubling the TDS limit.
Maximum Result Water Sampling Locality Sampling Frequency Number of Samples (µS/cm) Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 100 Avenel Quarterly 4 160 Barmah Quarterly 4 130 Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 200 Broadford Quarterly 4 120 Buxton Quarterly 4 62 Cobram Quarterly 4 76 Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 160 Dookie Quarterly 4 110 Eildon Quarterly 4 140 Euroa Quarterly 4 220 Girgarre Quarterly 4 130 Katamatite Quarterly 4 190 Katandra West Quarterly 4 110 Katunga Monthly 12 1,200 Kilmore Quarterly 4 160 Kyabram Quarterly 4 140 Longwood Quarterly 4 540 Mansfield Quarterly 4 120 Marysville Quarterly 4 53 Merrigum Quarterly 4 150 Mooroopna Quarterly 4 160 Murchison Quarterly 4 170 Nagambie Quarterly 4 110 Nathalia Quarterly 4 260 Numurkah Quarterly 4 94 Picola Quarterly 4 230 Pyalong Monthly 12 1,200 Rushworth Quarterly 4 120 Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 140 Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 130 Shepparton Quarterly 4 180 Stanhope Quarterly 4 140 Strathmerton Quarterly 4 78 Tallarook Quarterly 4 150 Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 140 Tatura Quarterly 4 110 Thornton Quarterly 4 130 Tongala Quarterly 4 130 Toolamba Quarterly 4 170 Trawool Quarterly 4 140 Upper Delatite Quarterly 4 54 Violet Town Quarterly 4 230 Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 160 Waterford Park Quarterly 4 160 Wunghnu Quarterly 4 100 Yarroweyah Quarterly 4 78 Yea Quarterly 4 160
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Table 3.8.4: Aesthetic related parameters – Hardness Water Quality Parameter : Hardness, total Regulatory Requirement : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : There is no health-based limit.
ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Should not exceed 200 mg/L as CaCO3.
Number of Non- Compliant with Sampling Number of Maximum Water Sampling Locality complying Aesthetic Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Samples Guideline Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 15 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 32 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 18 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 27 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 20 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 7 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 20 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 29 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 22 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 19 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 20 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 26 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 28 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 23 Yes Katunga Quarterly 4 1 230 No Kilmore Quarterly 4 0 16 Yes Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 33 Yes Longwood Quarterly 4 0 46 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 25 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 8 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 40 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 40 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 24 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 21 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 50 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 31 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 49 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 3 250 No Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 31 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 28 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 26 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 36 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 26 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 21 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 28 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 41 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 30 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 18 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 26 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 40 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 0 27 Yes Upper Delatite Quarterly 4 0 10 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 22 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 18 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 25 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 29 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 4 0 21 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 19 Yes
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Table 3.8.5: Aesthetic related parameters – Alkalinity
Water Quality Parameter : Alkalinity, total Regulatory Standard : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : There is no guideline value. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : There is no guideline value. Units expressed in mg/L as CaCO3
Minimum Result Maximum Result Water Sampling Locality Sampling Frequency Number of Samples (mg/L) (mg/L)
Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 19 21 Avenel Quarterly 4 15 19 Barmah Quarterly 4 15 16 Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 20 41 Broadford Quarterly 4 11 15 Buxton Quarterly 4 11 84 Cobram Quarterly 4 17 20 Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 25 33 Dookie Quarterly 4 19 22 Eildon Quarterly 4 21 28 Euroa Quarterly 4 13 22 Girgarre Quarterly 4 24 25 Katamatite Quarterly 4 15 20 Katandra West Quarterly 4 19 28 Katunga Quarterly 4 86 90 Kilmore Quarterly 4 10 21 Kyabram Quarterly 4 19 23 Longwood Quarterly 4 42 83 Mansfield Quarterly 4 26 32 Marysville Quarterly 4 10 12 Merrigum Quarterly 4 20 26 Mooroopna Quarterly 4 14 23 Murchison Quarterly 4 19 43 Nagambie Quarterly 4 19 21 Nathalia Quarterly 4 25 43 Numurkah Quarterly 4 15 23 Picola Quarterly 4 48 59 Pyalong Quarterly 4 13 100 Rushworth Quarterly 4 15 21 Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 16 21 Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 13 20 Shepparton Quarterly 4 14 21 Stanhope Quarterly 4 23 29 Strathmerton Quarterly 4 15 21 Tallarook Quarterly 4 15 21 Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 19 20 Tatura Quarterly 4 16 39 Thornton Quarterly 4 21 24 Tongala Quarterly 4 21 26 Toolamba Quarterly 4 20 21 Trawool Quarterly 4 15 20 Upper Delatite Quarterly 4 12 32 Violet Town Quarterly 4 11 21 Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 11 20 Waterford Park Quarterly 4 11 14 Wunghnu Quarterly 4 18 22 Yarroweyah Quarterly 4 17 22 Yea Quarterly 4 18 28
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Table 3.8.6: Aesthetic related parameters – Iron Water Quality Parameter : Iron, total Regulatory Requirement : Not included within the Drinking Water Quality Standards. ADWG Health Guideline : There is no health-based limit. ADWG Aesthetic Guideline : Should not exceed 0.3 mg/L.
Number of Non- Compliant with Sampling Number of Maximum Water Sampling Locality complying Aesthetic Frequency Samples Result (mg/L) Samples Guideline Drinking Water Alexandra Quarterly 4 0 0.01 Yes Avenel Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Barmah Quarterly 4 0 0.03 Yes Bonnie Doon Quarterly 4 0 0.03 Yes Broadford Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Buxton Quarterly 4 0 0.12 Yes Cobram Quarterly 4 0 0.01 Yes Colbinabbin Quarterly 4 0 0.05 Yes Dookie Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Eildon Quarterly 4 0 0.10 Yes Euroa Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Girgarre Quarterly 4 0 0.06 Yes Katamatite Quarterly 4 0 0.03 Yes Katandra West Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Katunga Monthly 12 0 0.02 Yes Kilmore Quarterly 4 1 0.03 No Kyabram Quarterly 4 0 0.03 Yes Longwood Quarterly 5 0 0.02 Yes Mansfield Quarterly 4 0 0.01 Yes Marysville Quarterly 4 0 0.06 Yes Merrigum Quarterly 4 0 0.05 Yes Mooroopna Quarterly 4 0 0.04 Yes Murchison Quarterly 4 0 0.06 Yes Nagambie Quarterly 4 0 0.06 Yes Nathalia Quarterly 4 0 0.01 Yes Numurkah Quarterly 4 0 0.03 Yes Picola Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Pyalong Quarterly 4 0 0.05 Yes Rushworth Quarterly 4 0 0.06 Yes Seymour High Level Quarterly 4 0 0.24 Yes Seymour Low Level Quarterly 4 0 0.20 Yes Shepparton Quarterly 4 0 0.04 Yes Stanhope Quarterly 4 0 0.01 Yes Strathmerton Quarterly 4 0 0.57 Yes Tallarook Quarterly 4 0 0.05 Yes Tallygaroopna Quarterly 4 0 0.05 Yes Tatura Quarterly 4 0 0.03 Yes Thornton Quarterly 4 0 0.04 Yes Tongala Quarterly 4 0 0.01 Yes Toolamba Quarterly 4 0 0.63 Yes Trawool Quarterly 4 1 0.65 No Upper Delatite Quarterly 4 0 0.06 Yes Violet Town Quarterly 4 0 0.09 Yes Wandong / Heathcote Junction Quarterly 4 0 0.02 Yes Waterford Park Quarterly 4 0 0.07 Yes Wunghnu Quarterly 4 0 0.03 Yes Yarroweyah Quarterly 4 0 0.01 Yes Yea Quarterly 4 0 0.04 Yes
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3.8.2 Actions in relation to non-compliance
The majority of drinking water sampling localities complied with the regulatory standards for aesthetics. Refer to Section 3.9 for analysis of results and further information.
3.9 Analysis of results
Table 3.9: Summary of Compliance with Water Quality Standards
2014/2015 2013/2014 2012/2013 Water Quality Parameter % of Population Non-Complying Zones % of Population Non-Complying Zones % of Population Non-Complying Zones Compliant (No. of exceedances) Compliant (No. of exceedances) Compliant (No. of exceedances)
E.coli 99.8% - 99.9% Yarroweyah (2) 100.0% -
Trihalomethanes 100.0% - 100.0% - 100.0% - Chloroacetic Acid 100.0% - 100.0% - 100.0% - Dichloroacetic Acid 100.0% - 100.0% - 100.0% - Trichloroacetic Acid 100.0% - 100.0% - 100.0% - Aluminium 99.8% Barmah (1) 65.6% Shepparton (1) 65.3% Shepparton (1) Turbidity 100.0% - 100.0% 100.0%
Notes: During 2014/2015 Goulburn Valley Water had 48 water sampling localities. During 2013/2014 Goulburn Valley Water had 48 water sampling localities. During 2012/2013 Goulburn Valley Water had 48 water sampling localities.
Analysis of results for E.Coli and comparison with previous years
Comparison of the results against compliance with water quality standards for E.Coli is provided in Section 3 of this report. Further analysis is provided as follows: During 2014/15, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. A single instance of E.Coli was detected at Longwood resulting in less than 100% of samples (98%) with no E.Coli. During 2013/14, Yarroweyah locality was not compliant with the regulatory standard for E.Coli (which requires at least 98 per cent of samples collected in any 12 month period to contain no E. coli per 100mL) as a result of two instances of E.Coli detection. All other localities were compliant with the standard. Single instances of E.Coli were detected at Girgarre and Stanhope. During 2012/13, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Single instances of E.Coli were detected Barmah, Picola and two instances at Yarroweyah resulting in less than 100% of samples (98%) with no E.Coli. During 2011/12, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Single instances of E.Coli were detected at Seymour High Level resulting in less than 100% of samples (98%) with no E.Coli. During 2010/11, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Single instances of E.Coli were detected at Barmah, Numurkah, Nagambie, Eildon, Violet Town and Wunghnu resulting in less than 100% of samples (98%) with no E.Coli. Goulburn Valley Water has met the regulatory standard at all localities majority of the time with the exception of Yarroweyah in 2013/14 where 97% of samples collected in the reporting year contained no E.Coli.
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Analysis of results for chlorine based disinfection by-products and comparison with previous years
Disinfection by-products may arise from the chlorination of water that contains naturally occurring organic material (NOM). Comparison of the results against compliance with water quality standards for chlorine based disinfection by-products is provided in Section 3 of this report. Actions in relation to non-compliance are provided in Section 3.2.2 of this report. Further analysis is provided as follows:
Trihalomethanes During 2014/15, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. During 2013/14, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. During 2012/13, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Chloroacetic acid: During 2014/15, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. During 2013/14, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. During 2012/13, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Dichloroacetic acid: During 2014/15, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. During 2013/14, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. During 2012/13, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Trichloroacetic acid: During 2014/15, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. During 2013/14, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. During 2012/13, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard.
Due to continuous improvement practices, optimisation works and operator’s competencies, Goulburn Valley Water has been able to comply with the regulatory standards for disinfection by- products for all localities in the past three reporting periods.
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Analysis of results for acid soluble aluminium and comparison with previous years
Comparison of the results against compliance with water quality standards for aluminium is provided in Section 3 of this report. Further analysis is provided as follows: During 2014/15, 47 of the 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Barmah had one exceedance in this reporting period. During 2013/14, 47 of the 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Shepparton had one exceedance in this reporting period. During 2012/13, 47 of the 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. Shepparton had one exceedance in this reporting period.
These results represent a good acid soluble aluminium record for Goulburn Valley Water over several years. The majority of water sampling localities sampled were within the ADWG aesthetic- related guideline limit. Acid soluble aluminium exceedances over the reporting periods were generally based on a single events relating to rapidly changing poor raw water quality and an associated short duration treatment process issue.
Analysis of results for turbidity and comparison with previous years
Comparison of the results against compliance with water quality standards for turbidity is provided in Section 3 of this report. Further analysis is provided as follows: During 2014/15, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. During 2013/14, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard. During 2012/13, all 48 drinking water sampling localities met the regulatory standard.
Due to proactive preventative maintenance program in the reticulation system and implementation of innovative mains cleanliness monitoring and cleaning technology, Goulburn Valley Water has been able to produce an excellent turbidity record over several years.
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Analysis of results for other health related parameters
Comparison of the results against compliance with water quality standards for health related parameters is provided in Section 3 of this report. Further analysis is provided as follows:
Heavy metals: All water sampling localities were within the ADWG health-related guideline value.
Chlorite & chlorate: All water sampling localities were within the ADWG health-related guideline limit.
Cyanide: All of the water sampling localities were compliant with the ADWG health-related guideline value.
Oxidised Nitrogen: All of the water sampling localities recorded consistently low results and were compliant with the ADWG health-related guideline value for nitrate and nitrite.
Pesticides: There were no health-related pesticides detected in raw water sources. All raw water sources were compliant with the ADWG health-related guideline value. For those pesticides tested in the reticulation system, there were no health-related pesticides detected.
Health-related organics: There were no health-related organic compounds detected in raw water sources. All raw water sources were compliant with the ADWG health- related guideline value. For those organics tested in the reticulation system, there were no health-related organics detected.
Radiological: All gross alpha and beta radioactivity results were within the relevant screening values.
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Analysis of results for aesthetic related parameters
Comparison of the results against compliance with water quality standards for aesthetic related parameters is provided in section 3 of this report. Further analysis is provided as follows: pH: Several of the water sampling localities exceeded the ADWG aesthetic related guideline value. They were Bonnie Doon, Broadford, Eildon, Katamatite, Longwood, Merrigum, Murchison, Pyalong, Rushworth, Tallarook, Trawool, Upper Delatite, Wandong –Heathcote Junction and Yea. The majority of samples were marginally outside the ADWG aesthetic-related guideline value, with elevated pH levels caused by water being in contact with cement lined pipes and old cast iron mains for extended periods of time or acid/lime dosing system failure. Common corrective actions included flushing of system and dosing pump adjustment/ replacement.
True colour: All water sampling localities results with the exception of Trawool were within the ADWG aesthetic-related guideline value.
Electrical conductivity: All water sampling localities have very low total dissolved solids (TDS) / electrical conductivity (EC) with the exception of Katunga and Pyalong. This is consistent with their source water (groundwater and mineral springs respectively) characteristics which have greater levels of TDS.
Hardness: All water sampling localities have very low hardness with the exception of Katunga and Pyalong which are outside of the ADWG aesthetic-related guideline value. This is consistent with their source water (groundwater and mineral springs respectively) characteristics which have greater levels of hardness in the water.
Alkalinity: There is no ADWG aesthetic-related guideline value.
Iron: All water sampling localities results, with the exception of Trawool and Kilmore were within the ADWG aesthetic-related guideline value.
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4. EMERGENCY AND INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
Section 22 of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 requires that water corporations immediately notify the Department of Health & Human Services (DHHS) of any incident or situation relating to a drinking water supply that may pose a risk to human health or cause widespread public complaint.
Goulburn Valley Water’s risk management and quality management systems serve to minimise the incidence of serious incidents, and incorporate continuous improvement strategies to avoid the recurrence of problems.
When incidents do occur, Goulburn Valley Water’s monitoring programs are designed to identify problems as soon as possible, avoiding or minimising adverse impacts on customer service. The Corporation’s SCADA system enables remote monitoring of critical water quality parameters from all of our water treatment facilities on a continuous basis. The treatment facilities can be shut- down remotely as soon as a potential problem is identified, so that no more water is produced until the issue is addressed. Facilities incorporate appropriate treated water storage to facilitate uninterrupted service to customers in these events.
Goulburn Valley Water also has well-documented procedures for dealing with water quality incidents, including response plans, contingency plans and notification protocols. Importantly, our Corporate Emergency Management Plan is integrated with plans from external agencies and links to the Emergency Management Act 1986 and Emergency Management Manual Victoria. Plans are regularly tested through field and desktop exercises.
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Known or Suspected Contamination
The following water quality incidents were notified to the Department of Health & Human Services under Section 22 of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 during the 2014/15 reporting period: Date: 9/2/2015
Estimated duration of incident: Less than 2 days Location of incident: Longwood Nature of incident: One detection of E.Coli (1 organism per 100ml in the Clear Water Storage (CWS) and 2 organisms per 100ml in the reticulation system) in routine samples on 9/Feb/2015. Drinking water supplies potentially effected: Longwood Action taken in response: Full investigation of the treatment process was carried out and storages were assessed for possible ingress. New temporarily installed tanks at Longwood WTP for receiving tankered water were found to be unsealed. Those tanks were then isolated. Sampling at the treatment plant and distribution system for E.Coli was undertaken. The secondary tank located before town (Tubbs Hill CWS) was dosed with chlorine to boost chlorine residual into town. The town distribution system was flushed and resampling was carried out. Retesting of the water supply did not detect any E.Coli. Communication with customers: Boiled water notices and SMS notifications were prepared for distribution pending lab results. These notices were not issued as the lab results came clear. A boil water advisory was not needed in instance. DHHS notification: A Section 22 notification was sent to the Department of Health & Human Services on 10/2/2015.
Date: 1/5/2015
Estimated duration of incident: approximately 4 hours Location of incident: Seymour Nature of incident: A power failure in the area caused the raw water valves to fail open (normal operation is to fail close), whilst the rest of the plant was shut down. This caused the clarifiers and filters to fill with raw water which overflowed into the filtered water pit which feeds the clear water storage (CWS). Drinking water supplies potentially effected: Seymour Low Level Action taken in response: CWS was isolated and dumped. Samples were taken from the CWS outlet and 6 reticulation sites. There was no detection of E.Coli and Crytptosporidium in the collected samples. Communication with customers: Boil Water Notice and an emergency SMS were prepared for distribution based on results of E.Coli/ cryptosporidium sampling. These notices were not issued as the lab results came clear. A boil water advisory was not needed in instance. DHHS notification: A Section 22 notification was sent to the Department of Health & Human Services on 1/5/2015
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Water Quality Incidents
The following water quality incidents occurred during the reporting period:
Date: 15/12/2014
Estimated duration of incident: 2 – 3 months Location of incident: Creighton Creek - Longwood Nature of incident: In December 2014, a bushfire occurred at Creighton Creek – Longwood which falls within the catchment area for drinking water supply at Longwood. A lightning started the fire and burnt approximately 6500 hectares of land. Bushfires in water reservoir catchments is known to initiate water quality issues. Potential impacts include the following: Soil erosion in catchment due to loss of vegetation Elevated turbidity, colour and organic materials in raw water source Decrease in dissolved oxygen in reservoir as a result of increased oxygen demand exerted by organic matters Increased chlorine demand due to increase in organic matters Higher water quality risk following a rainfall event as a result of surface run off, transporting contaminants into the water supply Most of the expected issues did eventuate with actual impacts as follows: Water quality in the Nine Miles Reservoir which supplies the Longwood water treatment plant (WTP) was impacted by the event. The intense fire burnt the vegetation surrounding the reservoir. Windy conditions carried silt and ashes mostly from the gully upstream of the reservoir into the water supply
There were elevated turbidity, colour and organic materials in raw water supply to Longwood WTP. The treatment plant was able to cope with the increased levels Significant increase in E.Coli numbers in the raw water. It was observed there was a number of dead stock upstream of the reservoir. They were most likely the source of E.Coli following a rainfall event in Jan 2015 Release of metals (manganese and iron) from the bottom of the reservoir a month following the bushfire. This event is most likely attributed by the increase in decomposing organic matters which exerted oxygen demand in the sediment layer
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Drinking water supplies potentially affected: Longwood Action taken in response: The following actions were taken in response to the incident: Notified Department of Health and Human Services and formed a Contingency Plan Working Group for incident management Surveyed the catchment at fortnightly intervals and reservoir at weekly intervals to assess the condition and risk Buried dead stock to reduce microbial risks Increased sampling frequency at raw water intake into the treatment plant for risk indicators Tankered water for supply when E.Coli numbers in raw water were detected to be of elevated risk Artificial aeration of Nine Mile Reservoir to supress metals release Potassium permanganate dosing implemented for manganese control Maintained and monitored plant performance before it was returned to service in Feb 2015. Communication with customers: Media releases for notification of tankering DHHS notification: Yes
Date: 5/8/2014
Estimated duration of incident: Isolated incident Location of incident: Barmah Nature of incident: Aluminium Acid soluble results of 0.4 and 0.33mg/L were detected in the Clear Water Storage and reticulation system in Barmah respectively. Drinking water supplies potentially affected: Barmah Action taken in response: Assessed Barmah Water Treatment process. There was no indication of process failure at the plant. Therefore, the cause of incident is unknown. Communication with customers: Nil DHHS notification: A Section 18 notification was sent to the Department of Health & Human Services on 13/8/2014
5. COMPLAINTS RELATING TO WATER QUALITY
Goulburn Valley Water’s commitment to customer service and excellence in water quality includes a structured and documented customer complaints management system. Customer water quality complaints are managed through a visible and robust process. The key attributes of the management process are:
Customers can report water quality issues in a number of ways: . On our 24-hour/7 day Customer Service Centre free call number, 1800 454 500. . Via the customer feedback service on our website, www.gvwater.vic.gov.au. . Directly to our staff at any of our offices or operational centres. All complaints are recorded in Goulburn Valley Water’s complaints database which enables their status to be tracked and wide-spread issues to be identified and resolved quickly and efficiently.
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Customer complaints are dealt with promptly. Our target is to respond to verbal complaints within two working days with most dealt with on the same day. Goulburn Valley Water also responds promptly to written inquiries. Where possible, we make contact with the customer to discuss the water quality complaint during our investigations and follow-up to advise the customer of our actions and to monitor satisfaction levels. Remedial actions are carried out, where appropriate, to minimise or remove the causes of complaints where service levels do not meet the Goulburn Valley Water Customer Charter. A summary of customer complaints is reviewed by the Board of Goulburn Valley Water each month as a means of improving our customer service performance. Every year, Goulburn Valley Water commissions an independent firm of market research consultants to conduct a customer satisfaction survey that includes water quality issues. In addition, feedback forms are available for customers to express their views. Data collected are recorded and analysed.
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Table 5.1 summarises the water quality complaints received in 2014/15, and for the previous three years.
Table 5.1: Complaints relating to water quality
No. of Complaints Number of Type of Complaint per 100 Population Water Quality Complaints for 2014/2015 2014/2015 2013/2014 2012/2013 2011/2012
Discoloured water 0.063 34 121 127 209 Taste / odour 0.085 46 51 45 58 Blue water 0.000 0 0 0 0 Air in water 0.009 5 8 2 2 Other 0.011 6 8 6 5
Analysis of water quality complaints
Of the 91 complaints received during the 2014/15 reporting period, the majority were related to taste, odour and discoloured water. The majority of complaints were isolated events and were spread across the localities. All complaints were promptly responded to by Goulburn Valley Water staff.
The 2014/15 reporting period saw a decrease in the number of customer complaints compared to the previous three years. Improved raw water quality (including change in source water at Numurkah), optimisation of processes, new Marysville WTP (which removes Plumatella), refurbishment of filters, and increase in distribution main maintenance are likely to have contributed to the large drop in discoloured water complaints.
6. FINDINGS OF THE MOST RECENT RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN AUDIT
Drinking water risk management plan audits were not required to be undertaken during the 2014/15 reporting period.
7. UNDERTAKINGS UNDER SECTION 30 OF THE ACT
No Undertakings were in place during the 2014/15 reporting period for Goulburn Valley Water’s water sampling localities.
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8. REGULATED WATER
Under the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003, Regulated Water is defined as water that is the subject of a declaration made by the Minister. Some small reticulated town water systems have been declared Regulated Water (non-drinking water) by the Minister for Health. Towns with regulated water supplies are: Corop; Molesworth; Goulburn Weir (Baxter’s Road); Kirwans Bridge; Strathbogie; and Woods Point.
In addition, some of our customers in other areas are provided with a supply of water directly from one of our raw water pipelines, prior to treatment. These water supplies are ‘by agreement’, and are also designated as non-drinking water.
For declared regulated (non-drinking) water supplies, there is no intention for the water to be used for human consumption as Goulburn Valley Water cannot guarantee the safety or the quality of this water. The water is not to be used for drinking or food preparation, but is generally suitable for other domestic purposes.
To ensure that regulated water is not mistakenly used for drinking, the following strategies are in place: Advisory notices are sent to all affected property owners and tenants twice per year; A warning message is included on invoices to affected customers three times per year; Councils, health care facilities and food establishments are advised of the non-drinking status of the water and have been provided with signs for taps in publicly accessible areas such as parks and public amenities; and The water supply is disinfected as a precautionary measure against inadvertent consumption.
The source waters for each regulated supply system in the Goulburn Valley region are shown in Table 10.1.
Table 10.1: Regulated Water Supplies
Regulated Source Water Date of Publication of Population Water Gazette Notice Serviced Corop Waranga Basin outlet channel 4 January 2008 70 Goulburn Weir Lake Nagambie 4 January 2008 30 Kirwan's Bridge Lake Nagambie 4 January 2008 90 Molesworth Goulburn River 4 January 2008 40 Strathbogie Seven Creeks 4 January 2008 60 Woods Point Brewery Creek 4 January 2008 140
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9. FURTHER INFORMATION
Section 23 of the Safe Drinking Water Act 2003 requires that Goulburn Valley Water make available for inspection by the public the results of any water quality monitoring program that is conducted on any drinking water supplied by us.
Customers and members of the public may access drinking water quality data by contacting Goulburn Valley Water on the details provided below.
Goulburn Valley Water Regional Administration Centre 104-110 Fryers Street Shepparton 3630 Mail: PO Box 185, Shepparton 3632 Telephone: (03) 5832 0400 Facsimile: (03) 5831 1467 Email: [email protected] Website: www.gvwater.vic.gov.au
Page 74 of 74 Prepared by Brenda Lee Drinking Water Compliance Officer Goulburn Valley Water Corporation