NEGATIVE

HALF TONE DOWN 50% SINGLE-COLOUR

HALF TONE UP 50% SINGLE-COLOUR

Guide to Resorts The statue of Hercules at Båile Herculane Nature and health Contents Thanks to its significant social and economic benefits, spa tourism has become a major segment of the international tourist market . It is now a domain that concentrates major material and human resources . Science and technology play Map of Romania showing spa resorts . . . .4 an increasingly important part in this segment, as does the provision of complex tourist and medical services of the highest quality aimed at satisfying the vital needs of people today, which are determined by changes in lifestyle and general Spa resorts, population health . Romania has one of the most remarkable networks of spa resorts in all Europe: ailments and available treatments . . . . .6 one third of the continent’s thermal and mineral waters can be found in our country . This value is augmented by the complexity of local natural factors . In other words, you will find in the same spa resort the principal environmental factors Presentation of spa resorts ...... 8 alongside a wide range of curative mineral substances . Romania offers all the bathing minerals that can be used in the whole range of specific spa treatments. The therapeutic value of the natural cures available in Romania has been recognised Presentation of natural therapeutic by locals since ancient times . Archaeologists have discovered numerous mineral and factors ...... 50 thermal baths from the time of the Roman Empire . Even today, at many Romanian spa resorts you will find two-thousand-year-old vestiges of ancient baths. The Thermae Herculi, nowadays called Båile Herculane, was famous throughout the Indications for prophylactic Roman Empire for the curative properties of its mineral waters . Many of today’s spa resorts continue this ancient tradition . In the eighteenth and and anti-aging cures ...... 52 nineteenth century they gained European renown, and became favourite destinations for those seeking a cure or wishing to spend their holidays in a spa resort . In 1924, the Romanian Institute of Balneology was established, the second of Indications for spa cures by groups its kind in Europe, and researchers and physicians turned their attention to the of ailments and geriatric spa cures . . . . .54 treatment of ailments using natural cures . Spa tourism in Romanian has developed continuously, expanding greatly in the 1970s and 80s, and today there is a focus on recuperative spa services and preventative cures of the highest quality . Spa tourism is a major component of what Romanian tourism has to offer and is aimed not only at patients with medical problems but also at people wishing to relax, regain their vitality and get into better physical, mental and spiritual shape . C a Darabani Turt Sighetul 2000 m Halmeu Marma†iei UKRAINE r BOTOÍANI 1500 m Valea Såveni Livada Siret Negres†i-Oaß Vißeului p Dorohoi 1000 m Satu Mare Someß 17 Dorneßti Seini Ocna Íugatag Rådåu†i MARAMURES a Sucevi†a Vîrfu Cîmpului 500 m Carei SATU MARE Debrecen Ardud Baia Sprie Vißeu de Sus et g Borßa SUCEAVA Dårmåneßti Botoßani 200 m å Såcel t F P Acîß i Satulung 2303 Cîrlibaba ru Valea i Dumbråveni t Tåßnad † 1823 Pietrosul Suceava 100 m lui Mihai n Íomcuta Mare Baia Mare Mu h Vama Nicolae Bålcescu u n† i Gura ii Rodne 2279 a Bobota M Tîrgu Låpuß Mesteacan Telciu Humorului MOLDOVA 0 m Diosig Marghita Sîngeorz Båi Cîmpulung Hîrlåu Sårmåßag ß i Fålticeni me Ileanda Iacobeni o 27 Moldovenesc Moldo S BISTRIˇA-NÅSÅUD 22 va Sålard Zalåu Gîlgåu a IAÍI Borß Surduc Nåsåud Vatra Dornei Paßcani Íimleu Poiana v Beclean Broßteni Tîrgu Neam† Tîrgu Frumos M Stampei S BIHOR Silvaniei i r Reteag e u Dej n t 2100 Sabasa n Båltå†eßti † i SÅLAJ Bistri†a M Leß Oradea i P un ni 1859 l o p i ß †ii Cålima Mirßesti Bîrnova Hidißelu de Sus Birtin Gherla Bistricioara NEAMˇ Iaßi C ri e Huedin Dipßa Råstoli†a o 3 ßul Reped L. Izvorul Chißinau Salonta 4 Teaca ureß 9 M Muntelui Sîmbåta Deda M Piatra-Neam† Roman HUNGARY M Mociu M Coropceni u Cluj-Napoca Apahida u Topli†a Bicaz C n n Tårcau Roznov r Beius 1836 †i Ditråu Bi iß † ß i st ul N Vlådeasa Some G ri† Podoleni egra i Reghin u t a

i Beliß MUREÍ r Låzarea d g Dragomireßti CLUJ Ernei 1776 h Gheorghieni Chißineu Criß Dr Petru Groza Nucet A 26 Buhußi Secueni Hußi 1825 iu p 21 s Beliu Muntele Mare Cîmpia Turzii Bålan 1664 Muntenii de Jos Vaßcåu u Turda 25 1800 Ghimeß Fåget 15 s Sîndominic Vaslui Curtici C Albac Ludus Ungheni Bacåu

r e

iß 1848 Ineu l

Sîntana u Sålciua de Jos Moineßti n Tîrgu Mureß Crasna l Ocna Mureß 18 A Curcubåta Iernut HARGHITA BACÅU

Buteni lb i Cîmpeni Bålåußeri

Vîrfurile Comåneßti Nådlac Tîrnåveni Odorheiu Topli†a Ciuc Arad Gurahon† Abrud ALBA Aiud Cristuru M Miercurea-Ciuc Dårmåneßti VASLUI ARAD Secuiesc † Råcåciuni Secuiesc Vlåhi†a ii Aradu Radna . Sînnicolau Mare Transilvania2 T re H i O

Nou M Íard rnava Ma a Sînsimion u 28ˇebea Tîrgu-Ocna o n† l ii Z t

Bîrzava ar r Oneßti a Blaj g

Lovrin nd Mihal† Sighißoara P

Såvîrßin ß h r Vinga Brad u

Lipova re Bîrlad

23 t

M i ß u u t Båile Tußnad Sascut Or†ißoara re M Mediaß Hendorf a ß Alba Iulia 8 Ilia Rupea Oituz d Lemnia Adjud a Sebeß SIBIU l Íeica Mare r Bereßti 13 î Timißoara S Dobra B Jimbolia Hoghiz i Recaß Agnita r

Topolovå†u Simeria Íibot e

Slimnic Tîrgu Secuiesc t Fåget Deva M iß Nocrich Prisaca UKRAINE Tim Sålis†e 16 BRAÍOV Oråßtie lt 12 Giroc Cugir O Sercaia Måråßeßti Tîrgu Bujor TIMIÍ Buziaß Hunedoara Cålan Íugag Sibiu Feldioara Sfîntu Gheorghe Tecuci Fågåras Mun†ii Vrancei VRANCEA Ciußlea Jebel 10 HUNEDOARA Cisnådie Lugoj 1378 Tålmaciu Codlea Nereju Folteßti Ha†eg M†ii. Cibinului n†ii Fågåras Braßov Intorsura GALAˇI O†elu Roßu Sarmizegetusa 2059 Mu Suraia Voiteg 2543 Rîßnov Buzåului Focßani Gåtaia Voislova a † i i Moldoveanu Ließti Obreja r p M e Såcele B Deta a r i u C Petrila 2244 d i 2462 Zårneßti zå Budeßti Lacul 2144 o n 2507 1956 u Bocßa Caransebeß Cîndrelu Ezeru a Predeal Gala†i Brateß Petroßani CîineniCumpåna l Omul Nehoiaßu 2509 t 2518 Voineasa 29 i Da Peleaga a Rucår nu z Vulcan Bußteni b Comorißte Reßi†a e Cålineßti O Sinaia ia e t 2108 Garvån il e l Armeniß t h Caraßova R Lupeni Rîmnicu Sårat C i M l †i †ii. Cå tanii Cîmpulung a†u un på Comarnic Cîndeßti Cîndeßti Br Anina Teregova M Cålimåneßti 11 Bråila Isaccea 1445 Bumbeßti Jiu Pietroßi†a Breaza Novaci 24 Vålenii de Munte Íu†eßti Traian Måcin Bra†ul Sulina Oravi†a 7 Curtea Pucheni Gorgova Sulina Lipia20 CARAÍ- Cornea Baia de Aramå Tîrgu Jiu de Argeß Cîmpina Buzåu Råcåßdia Benges†i PRAHOVA Ianca Pucioasa I Tulcea Belgrade Scoar†a D a B Rîmnicu l Cataloi ra i 19 o Fåurei †u SEVERIN Stîlpeni m m Båicoi Urla†i Cilibia Nalbant l 5 b S

O i BUZÅU f o † i Rovinari Tîrgu Cårbuneßti a BRÅILA n ARGEÍ e

l v Moreni tu Mehadia t Båbeni Bistri†a i Smeeni Ciucurova Sarichioi G e Mizil Baziaß † Vîlcea Viziru h b Cårbunari † a e Balta or Peßteana Jui Galicea gh u 6 Cålineßti Ostrov Lacul e GORJ Grådißtea Babadag Sfîntu n Ploießti Pogoanele a Topoloveni Razelm Gheorghe a v Moldova Nouå Du Orßova Hurezani PiteßtiCerbu Dåeni S a nåre J Tîrgovißte D Da a Motru iu Insurå†ei TULCEA nube Cåpreni VÎLCEA Gåeßti a Drågåneßti Padina e Ciovîrnåßani Prahov Jurilovca th Lunca Corbului Baia th of SERBIA Prundeni DÎMBOVIˇA Tigåneßti Urziceni ˇåndårei Mou Drobeta-Turnu Melineßti Costeßti A Iazu rg Råcari Coßereni Horia Gura Porti†ei Hinova e ILFOV Cåzåneßti Strehaia Coloneßti ß Lacul Sinoe Severin Filiaßi Drågåßani Negreni Ia Mihai Viteazu IALOMIˇA lomi†a Crucea 0 km 26 52 78 km Vînju Mare Buftea Slobozia

V Vadu Ißalnita e Ciulni†a a Balß d Bolintin Vale MEHEDINˇI e Feteßti Corbu de Sus Slatina a Piatra Cernavodå Craiova Mihåileßti Vlad ˇepeß Cocargeaua a j Nåvodari re Slåveßti BUCUREÍTI unå Ovidiu National Capital (2,080,000 In 2003) Radovanu Leu Drågånesti-Olt Beuca Videle Íocariciu D Medgidia Mamaia Cetate M a Ghimpa†i (Bucharest) Mo†å†ei Ar ge u over 300,000 u i Naipu Cålugåreni ß CÅLÅRAÍI Cålåraßi Ion Corvin n Caracal n Prundu Constan†a Roßiori de Vede t e Ol Båileßti Peretu Olteni†a Cobadin Rojißtea t Ostrov

over 100,000 r ea r

Calafat Mågura GIURGIU Dunå

DOLJ J CONSTANˇA Eforie Sud i Alexandria Topraisar over 50,000 u OLT Dåi†a Dunårea b 23 August BLACK Vißina Veche TELEORMAN Giurgiu other main city Bechetu Furculeßti Corabia Mangalia other city Arsache Ruse o Negru Vodå Turnu Bujoru SEA 4 Chief town of department (jude†) Mågurele BULGARIA D Zimnicea Pleven C Sighetul a Darabani Turt 2000 m M ap of Romania showing spa resorts Halmeu Marma†iei UKRAINE r BOTOÍANI 1500 m Valea Såveni Livada Siret Legend Negres†i-Oaß Vißeului p Dorohoi 1000 m Satu Mare Someß Dorneßti Seini Ocna Íugatag Rådåu†i 1. Amara MARAMURES a Sucevi†a Vîrfu Cîmpului 500 m Carei SATU MARE Debrecen Ardud Baia Sprie Vißeu de Sus et 2. Bazna g Borßa SUCEAVA Dårmåneßti Botoßani 200 m å Såcel t F P Acîß i Satulung 2303 Cîrlibaba ru Valea i Dumbråveni t Tåßnad † 1823 Pietrosul Suceava 100 m 3. BÅile 1 Mai lui Mihai n Íomcuta Mare Baia Mare Mu h Vama Nicolae Bålcescu u n† i Gura ii Rodne 2279 a Bobota M Tîrgu Låpuß MOLDOVA Mesteacan Telciu Humorului 0 m 4. Diosig Marghita Sîngeorz Båi Cîmpulung Hîrlåu BÅile Felix Sårmåßag ß i Fålticeni me Ileanda Iacobeni o Moldovenesc Moldo S BISTRIˇA-NÅSÅUD va Sålard Zalåu Gîlgåu a IAÍI 5. BÅile Govora Borß Surduc Nåsåud Vatra Dornei Paßcani Íimleu Poiana v Beclean Broßteni Tîrgu Neam† Tîrgu Frumos M Stampei S BIHOR Silvaniei i r 6. BÅile Herculane Reteag e u Dej n t 2100 Sabasa n Båltå†eßti † i SÅLAJ Bistri†a M Leß Oradea i P un ni 1859 l o p i ß †ii Cålima Mirßesti Bîrnova 7. BÅile OlÅneÍti Hidißelu de Sus Birtin Gherla Bistricioara NEAMˇ Iaßi C ri e Huedin Dipßa Råstoli†a Borsec o ßul Reped L. Izvorul Chißinau 8. BÅile TuÍnad Salonta Teaca ureß M Muntelui Sîmbåta Deda M Piatra-Neam† Roman HUNGARY M Mociu M Coropceni u Cluj-Napoca Apahida u Topli†a Bicaz C n n Tårcau Roznov 9. Borsec r Beius 1836 †i Ditråu Bi iß † ß i st ul N Vlådeasa Some G ri† Podoleni egra i Reghin u t a i Beliß MUREÍ r Låzarea d g Dragomireßti CLUJ Ernei 1776 h Gheorghieni 10. BuziaÍ Chißineu Criß Dr Petru Groza Nucet A Buhußi Secueni Hußi 1825 iu p Sovata s Beliu Muntele Mare Cîmpia Turzii Bålan 1664 Muntenii de Jos Vaßcåu u Turda 1800 Ghimeß Fåget 11. CÅlimÅneÍti-CÅciulata s Sîndominic Vaslui Curtici C Albac Ludus Ungheni Bacåu r e

iß 1848 Ineu l

Sîntana u Sålciua de Jos Moineßti n Tîrgu Mureß Crasna l Ocna Mureß A Curcubåta Iernut HARGHITA BACÅU

Buteni lb i Cîmpeni Bålåußeri 12. Covasna

Vîrfurile Comåneßti Nådlac Tîrnåveni Odorheiu Topli†a Ciuc Arad Gurahon† Abrud ALBA Aiud Cristuru M Miercurea-Ciuc Dårmåneßti VASLUI ARAD Secuiesc † Råcåciuni 13. BÅi Secuiesc Vlåhi†a ii Aradu Radna . Sînnicolau Mare Transilvania T re H i O

Nou M Íard rnava Ma a Sînsimion u ˇebea Tîrgu-Ocna o n† l ii Z t

Bîrzava ar r Oneßti a Blaj g

Lovrin nd Mihal† Sighißoara P 14. Lacul SÅrat

Såvîrßin ß h r Vinga Brad u

Lipova re Bîrlad

M i t ß u u t Båile Tußnad Sascut Or†ißoara re M Mediaß Hendorf a ß Alba Iulia Ilia 15. Rupea Oituz d Lemnia Adjud a Sebeß SIBIU l Íeica Mare r Bereßti î Timißoara Soveja S Dobra B Jimbolia Hoghiz i Recaß Agnita r

Topolovå†u Simeria Íibot COVASNA e

Slimnic Tîrgu Secuiesc t Deva M Fåget 16. iß Nocrich Prisaca UKRAINE Tim Sålis†e BRAÍOV Oråßtie lt Giroc Cugir O Sercaia Måråßeßti Tîrgu Bujor TIMIÍ Buziaß Hunedoara Cålan Íugag Sibiu Feldioara Sfîntu Gheorghe Tecuci 17. Ocna Íugatag Fågåras Mun†ii Vrancei VRANCEA Ciußlea Jebel HUNEDOARA Cisnådie Lugoj 1378 Tålmaciu Codlea Nereju Folteßti Ha†eg M†ii. Cibinului n†ii Fågåras Braßov Intorsura GALAˇI 18. Praid O†elu Roßu Sarmizegetusa 2059 Mu Suraia Voiteg 2543 Rîßnov Buzåului Focßani Gåtaia Voislova a † i i Moldoveanu Ließti Obreja r p M e Såcele B Deta a r i u 19. Pucioasa C Petrila 2244 d i 2462 Zårneßti zå Budeßti Lacul 2144 o n 2507 1956 u Bocßa Caransebeß Cîndrelu Ezeru a Predeal Gala†i Brateß Petroßani CîineniCumpåna l Omul Nehoiaßu 2509 t 2518 Voineasa i 20. SÅrata Monteoru Da Peleaga a Rucår nu z Vulcan Bußteni b Comorißte Reßi†a e Cålineßti O Sinaia ia e t 2108 Garvån il e l Armeniß t h Caraßova R Lupeni Rîmnicu Sårat C i M l †i †ii. Cå tanii Cîmpulung a†u 21. Sângeorgiu de MureÍ un på Comarnic Cîndeßti Cîndeßti Br Anina Teregova M Cålimåneßti Bråila Isaccea 1445 Bumbeßti Jiu Pietroßi†a Breaza 14 Novaci Vålenii de Munte Íu†eßti Traian Måcin Bra†ul Sulina Oravi†a Curtea Pucheni Gorgova Sulina 22. Sângeorz BÅi Lipia20 CARAÍ- Cornea Baia de Aramå Tîrgu Jiu de Argeß Cîmpina Buzåu Råcåßdia Benges†i PRAHOVA Ianca Pucioasa I Tulcea Belgrade Scoar†a D a B Rîmnicu l Cataloi ra i o Fåurei †u 23. SlÅnic Moldova SEVERIN Stîlpeni m m Båicoi Urla†i Cilibia Nalbant l b S

O i BUZÅU f o † i Rovinari Tîrgu Cårbuneßti a BRÅILA n ARGEÍ e l v Moreni tu Mehadia t Båbeni Bistri†a i Smeeni Ciucurova Sarichioi G e Mizil Baziaß † Vîlcea Viziru h b Cårbunari † a eo Balta Galicea rg 24. SlÅnic Prahova Peßteana Jui h u Cålineßti Ostrov Lacul e GORJ Grådißtea Babadag Sfîntu n Ploießti Pogoanele a Topoloveni Razelm Gheorghe a v Moldova Nouå Du Orßova Hurezani PiteßtiCerbu Dåeni S a nåre J Tîrgovißte D Da a Motru iu Insurå†ei TULCEA 25. Sovata nube Cåpreni VÎLCEA Drågåneßti Padina e Gåeßti Prahova Jurilovca th Ciovîrnåßani Lunca Corbului Baia of SERBIA Prundeni Tigåneßti Urziceni outh DÎMBOVIˇA Iazu ˇåndårei M 26. Turda Drobeta-Turnu Melineßti Costeßti A Coßereni 1 rg Råcari Horia Gura Porti†ei Hinova e ILFOV Cåzåneßti Strehaia Coloneßti ß Lacul Sinoe Severin Filiaßi Drågåßani Negreni Ia Mihai Viteazu 27. Vatra Dornei IALOMIˇA lomi†a Crucea 0 km 26 52 78 km Vînju Mare Buftea Slobozia Vadu Ißalnita V e Ciulni†a a 28. Vaˇa de Jos Balß d Bolintin Vale MEHEDINˇI e Feteßti Corbu de Sus Slatina a Piatra Cernavodå Craiova Mihåileßti Vlad ˇepeß Cocargeaua a j Nåvodari re 29. Voineasa Slåveßti BUCUREÍTI unå Ovidiu National Capital (2,080,000 In 2003) Radovanu Leu Drågånesti-Olt Beuca Videle Íocariciu D Medgidia Mamaia Cetate M a Ghimpa†i (Bucharest) Mo†å†ei Ar ge u 30. Eforie Nord over 300,000 u i Naipu Cålugåreni ß CÅLÅRAÍI Cålåraßi Ion Corvin n Caracal n Prundu Constan†a Roßiori de Vede t e Ol Båileßti Peretu Olteni†a Cobadin 31 Rojißtea t Ostrov over 100,000 r ea r Techirghiol 31. Techirghiol

Calafat Mågura GIURGIU Dunå

DOLJ J CONSTANˇA 30 Eforie Sud i Alexandria Topraisar32 over 50,000 u OLT Dåi†a Dunårea TELEORMAN b 23 August BLACK 32. Neptun Vißina Veche Giurgiu 33 other main city Bechetu Furculeßti Corabia Mangalia other city Arsache Ruse o Negru Vodå 34 33. Saturn Turnu Bujoru SEA Chief town of department (jude†) Mågurele BULGARIA D 34. Mangalia 5 Zimnicea Pleven 6 Spa resorts,ailmentsandavailabletreatments Spa resorts,ailmentsandavailabletreatments 14 3Geoagiu Bai 13 2Covasna 12 11 0Buziaß 10 17 16 15 Borsec 9 Båile 8 Båile 7 BåileHerculane 6 BåileGovora 5 BåileFelix 4 Båile1 3 Bazna 2 Amara 1 L Cålimåneßti-Cåciulata O O M acul cna Íugatag cna oneasa T O S S ußnad låneßti ibiului årat M ai

x x x x x x Gerovital cure

x Ani-stres cure

x x x x x x x x x Fitness

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Procedures andtreatments x Massage

x Internal cures using waters

Mofetta

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Mud packs

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Inhalation and aerosol therapy x x x x x x x x x x x Kinetotherapy Electrotherapy

Bathing in saltwater

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x Bathing in mineral water

x x

x x x Bathing in thermal water

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Occupational illnesses

x x x x x x Liver and gallbladder complaints

x x x x x x x x x Dermatology, allergies Therapeutic recommendations

x x x x x x x x x x x x x Respiratory and ear, nose and throat

x x x x x x x x x x x Endocrine

x x x x x x x Kidneys and urinary tract

x x x x x x x x x Nutritional and metabolic

x x x x x Digestive tract and connected glands

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Gynaecology

x x x x x x x x Neuroses

x x x x Cardiovascular

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rheumatism

Peripheral nervous system 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 34 9Pucioasa 19 33 Praid 18 N T E V Va†a deJos V T S S S S S S M S echirghiol forie urda oineasa atra ovata eptun lånic Prahova lånic ângeorz Båi ângeorgiu de årata aturn angalia D N M M ornei ord oldova onteoru

M ureß

x x x x x x x x x x x Gerovital cure

x x x x x x x

x x x x x x Ani-stres cure

x x x x x x x x x x x Fitness

x x x x x x x x x x x x x Procedures andtreatments x Massage

Internal cures using spring waters

Mofetta

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Mud packs

x x x x x x x x x x x Inhalation and aerosol therapy

x x Kinetotherapy

Electrotherapy

Bathing in saltwater

x x x x x x Bathing in mineral water

x Bathing in thermal water

x x x x x x Occupational illnesses

x x Liver and gallbladder complaints

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Dermatology, allergies Therapeutic recommendations

x x x x x x x x x x Respiratory and ear, nose and throat

x x x x x x Endocrine

x x x x x x x Kidneys and urinary tract

x x x x x x x x x x x x x Nutritional and metabolic

Digestive tract and connected glands

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Gynaecology

x x x Neuroses

x x x x x x Cardiovascular

x x x x x x x x x x x Rheumatism

x x Peripheral nervous system 7 Presentation of spa resorts

1. AMARA periarthritis) post-traumatic complaints, (post-traumatic stiffness of the joints, post-operative conditions affecting the joints) peripheral neurological conditions(post-traumatic paresis and paralysis of the Location limbs, polyneuropathy symptoms, after-effects of poliomyelitis), In the central Bårågan Steppe, on the north-western shore of Lake gynaecological complaints (chronic metroanexita, secondary sterility, Amara, 7 km from Slobozia . Altitude of 30m . ovarian insufficiency), related dermatological and endocrine complaints.

History Medical counterindications The place name is attested in documents dating back to 1684, during Cardiovascular complaints, Basedow’s disease, asthma, contagious the reign of Matei Basarab, who endowed the monastery he founded at diseases . Slobozia with extensive lands around the lake . After the secularisation of the monastic estates in 1864, the first bathing establishments came into Treatment facilities being, including the hamlet of Amara . The locals heated water and mud Hot-bath facilities in tubs and pools, using water drawn from the lake; from the lake using rudimentary installations. In 1905, a first wooden hot mud-bath facilities; facilities for cold mud packs, followed by bathhouse was built, but it was destroyed in the First World War . After bathing in the lake; spring-water drinking facilities for internal cures; the Second World War, a number of structures intended for spa tourism complex hydro- and electro-therapy facilities; physiotherapy rooms; were built on the shore of Lake Amara. medical massage; aeroheliotherapy facilities.

Climate Accommodation Steppe continental, warm summers and cold winters . The average annual Two- and three-star hotels; motels; guesthouses temperature is 10.3°C (the average for July is 22°C and for January -3°C). Low precipitation. The average annual humidity reaches 63%. Cloud cover in summer is 5.0 tenths. In winter the wind is north-easterly. Tourist attractions A dendrological park; fishing; the Jegålia stud farm; the city of Slobozia, Natural therapeutic factors with the County Museum (archaeology, fine art, history, folk art), the Museum of Architecture, the Ionel Perlea Cultural Centre, and the The water of Lake Amara, which is sulphurous, chlorosodic, magnesian Voevode Saints Church (a former monastery, built in 1628); excursions and slightly bromate, has a total mineralisation of 9 88. grams per litre . to Lunca Ialomi†ei, Pådurea Sudi†i, Crîngul Frumos, and Pådurea Buießti Thanks to its sulphate-rich content, the water has a bitter taste, hence (hunting reserves). the name of the lake and the resort (amar means bitter in Romanian). The sapropelic lake mud has a concentration of 66 .6 g/l . The borehole mineral water for cures is sulphurous, slightly sulphate, bicarbonate, sodic, magnesic, and hypotonic. Stimulatory, steppe bio-climate. 2. BAZNA

Therapeutic indications Location Degenerative rheumatic complaints (cervical, dorsal and lumbar The spa resort is situated in the central Tîrnave Plateau, between the spondylosis, arthritis, poly-arthritis), inflammatory rheumatic complaints Tîrnava Mare and Tîrnava Micå Rivers, in a hilly region covered with (allergic conditions of the joints following acute rheumatism of the joints extensive forests, vineyards and orchards . The resort is 17km from the or acute infections, ankylosing spondylosis); abarticular rheumatic town of Mediaß, 53 km from Sighißoara and 72 km from Sibiu. complaints (tendinosis, tendomyosis, tendoperiososis, scapulohumeral

8 History Treatment facilities The qualities of the waters from Bazna were first noted in the eighteenth Facilities for bathing in water and pools; hot-mud bath and century . In 1814, the springs of Bazna became the property of the local mud-pack facilities; aeroheliotherapy facilities; mud-packs followed by Evangelical church, and by the end of the same year the construction bathing in pools of cold spring water; complex electro- and hydro- of a bathing establishment was decided upon. The first facilities were therapy facilities; physiotherapy rooms; medical massage. created in 1835, and in 1843 the first bathing establishment was built. A pharmacy was opened in 1905, the year when a permanent physician Accommodation was brought to the resort . It was also in this period that production of 3-star hotel, 3-star pensions, 4- and 2-flower rural pensions, 2-star Bazna Salt commenced, with the trade name “Victoria” . villa . Climate Tourist attractions Moderate continental climate, in a region of hills and plateaus, with an The fortified church in the village of Bazna, built in the gothic style in average annual temperature of 8-9°C. In January the average is -4°C, 1402, has a powerful tower on its east side, topped by a wooden gallery . and in July around 20°C . The annual cloud cover is 5 .5 to 6 .0 tenths, and the annual average relative humidity is 80%. The resort is sheltered from winds by the surrounding hills . 3. BÅILE 1 MAI Natural therapeutic factors Permanent spa and climatic resort in Bihor Couny . Altitude: 140m . Chlorate, sodic, iodate, bromate, concentrated, athermal spring waters, with a total mineralisation of 17 .1 to 714 .5 grams per litre . Bazna Location Salt is extracted from the spring waters and sold in pharmacies . The therapeutic mud extracted from the resort’s reservoirs is of mixed The resort is situated in the north-west of Romania, in the parish of composition, in which sedimented mineral substances brought to the Sînmartin, where the Miersig Plain meets the Hills of Oradei, at an surface by water from the boreholes and springs predominate. The bio- altitude of 140m, 2km from Båile Felix and 10km from Oradea. climate is gently stimulatory . During summer, on the shores of the salt lakes the atmosphere is rich in aerosols and hydro-ions of iodine and History sodium, which have therapeutic effects . The therapeutic effect of the mineral waters from hereabouts was discovered many years ago . The baths were variously named: the Therapeutic indications Baths of Saint Ladislas, the Baths of Haieu, and finally the Episcopal Degenerative rheumatic complaints (cervical, lumbar and dorsal Baths, after they became the property of the Roman-Catholic Bishopric spondylosis, arthrosis, polyarthrosis); inflammatory rheumatic complaints of Oradea in 1374. Early cures were carried out by application of mud (allergic conditions following acute rheumatism of the joints or acute extracted from the bottom of the Pe†ea streambed to painful areas of infections); abarticular rheumatic complaints (tendinosis, tendomyosis, the body. The first therapeutic centres were built in the 1950s and 60s. tendoperiososis, scapulohumeral periarthritis); post-traumatic complaints Since 1978, the resort has grown continuously . The Venus thermal lido (post-traumatic stiffness of the joints, post-operative conditions affecting is the longest in the resort . the joints, muscles and bones, post-sprain conditions, luxations and fractures); peripheral neurological diseases (post-traumatic paresis and Climate paralysis, stiffness following poly-neuropathy symptoms, after-effects Moderate continental-type climate. The average annual temperature is of poliomyelitis); gynaecological complaints (ovarian insufficiency, 10 .5°C . cervicitis, chronic metroanexita); related complaints (ear, nose and throat complaints, endocrine complaints, occupational illnesses). Natural therapeutic factors Oligo-metallic waters (bicarbonate and slightly chlorate, with temperatures varying up to 42ºC); the sapropelic mud extracted from the resort’s lake, fed by the waters that spring from the banks of the Pe†ea Stream. 9 Båile Felix

Therapeutic indications therapeutic baths with thermal spring water in tubs and pools; underwater douche; manual segmental massage; kinetotherapy room. Inflammatory rheumatic complaints, rheumatoid polyarthritis, ankylosing spondylosis, complaints resulting from acute rheumatism Mud packs: the therapeutic action is due to the physical and chemical of the joints; degenerative rheumatic complaints; cervical, dorsal and properties of the mud. Thermo-therapy. Massage. Paraffin packs. Cures lumbar spondylosis, lumbar arthrosis and polyarthrosis; post-traumatic using mud stimulate peripheral neuro-receptors, vasodilation, and complaints; post-traumatic stiffness of the joints, post-operative consequently the body’s reflexes. conditions of the joints and bones; post-fracture, sprain and luxation conditions; central nervous system complaints and peripheral semiparesis Accommodation a minimum of six months after first occurrence, paraparesis a minimum 2-star hotel, 3-star pensions, 4- and 3-star rural pensions. of three months after occurrence of myelitis, bone-marrow operations, or spine injuries; various forms of paresis and paralysis; gynaecological complaints; minor disorders of puberty and the menopause; complaints Tourist attractions associated with metabolic and nutritive diseases; type II diabetes; Båile 1 Mai: a lido with waves and one with thermal water, the oldest of endocrine diseases; gout localised in the joints. its kind in Romania, with fourteen swimming pools; the Pe†ea Stream nature reserve – a lily lake home to three protected species: Nymphaea Medical counter-indications: Infectious diseases, malignant diseases, Lotus Thermalis (a relic from the tertian period that is unique in Europe, haematological complaints (haemophilia), acute thromboses or a tropical species that grows here thanks to the temperate climate); thrombophlebitis, ischemic cardiopathy (pectoral angina, myocardial Racovi†å’s redeye (an endemic species of fish, named after Romanian infarction), high arterial hypertension, acute respiratory tract complaints, naturalist Emil Racovi†å), and Melanopsis Parreyssi (a species of snail pregnancy, endometriosis, anal or urinary incontinence, psychosis, that has survived since the Ice Age). epilepsy, tuberculosis . Excursions to the surrounding area – as for Båile Felix . Treatment facilities Diadynamic and interferential currents; magnetodiaflux; ultrasound; short waves; laser therapy; galvanic baths; ionisation; aerosols; 10 4. BÅILE FELIX in Romania situated at approximately the same altitude, due to the circulation of warmer and moister air from the west and north-west, Year-round spa and climatic resort located in Bihor County. which transports masses of sea air . Winters are generally mild, without Altitude 140m . hard frosts; in summer, temperatures are not as high as in eastern or southern areas of the country . The average annual cloud cover reaches LOCATION 6 tenths, with a maximum of 7 9. tenths in December and a minimum of 4.4 tenths in September. The most frequent sunny days occur in June- The resort is situated on the north-western flank of the Apuseni July-August. The annual precipitation reaches 615.8 mm. Winds are Mountains, on the Crißurilor Plateau in the foothills of the Pådurea mild and mostly south-easterly. Craiului Massif. The Hidißel Stream runs through the town. The spa is 9 km from Oradea, and 22 km from the border town of Borß. Natural therapeutic factors HISTORY Thermal mineral waters, with a temperature between 41 and 49°C, and a total mineralisation of approximately 1 gram per litre . Chemically, the The earliest historical documents relating to the resort date back to water is bicarbonate, sulphate, calceous, sodic, silicate, oligomineral . 1763 and include the notes of a physician regarding the construction of Mild, slightly stimulatory bio-climate. a bathing pool . In 1771, the original wooden pool was rebuilt in stone and supplied with bathing cabins. The resort’s first permanent building Therapeutic indications was erected in 1744. The resort began to grow after work on the first modern borehole was completed at the main spring in 1885 . Inflammatory rheumatic complaints (rheumatoid polyarthritis, ankylosing sponylosis in the dormant phase, conditions resulting from acute CLIMATE rheumatism of the joints), degenerative rheumatic complaints (cervical, dorsal and lumbar spondylosis with and without cervicobrachialgia, Båile Felix enjoys a mild, temperate continental climate . The average lumbosciatalgia, arthritis, polyarthritis); abarticular rheumatic annual temperature is 10 .4°C (the average for July is 21 .3°C, and the complaints (tendinosis, tendomyosis, scapulohumeral periarthritis, etc.); average for January is -2.1°C), which is higher than that for other areas post-traumatic complaints (post-traumatic stiffness of the joints, post-

11 operative conditions affecting the joints, muscles and bones, conditions Chißcåu: the Cave of Bears resulting from fractures, sprains, luxations); central and peripheral Stîna de Vale: departure point for excursions to the Apuseni Mountains neurological conditions (hemi-paresis a minimum of six months after The Iadului Valley, with the Iadolina and Devil’s Mill waterfalls and the occurrence, paraparesis a minimum of three months after occurrence Leßu Reservoir of myelitis, conditions resulting from bone-marrow operations and spinal injuries, various forms of paresis and paralysis); gynaecological Vadu Crißului: departure point for excursions to the Pådurea Craiului complaints (chronic metroanexita, minor disorders of puberty and Mountains, the Crißul Repede Gorge, and the Vadu Crißului karst area the menopause), related dermatological, nutritional and endocrine complaints . Medical counterindications: Infectious diseases, malignant diseases, 5. BÅILE GOVORA haematological complaints (haemophilia), acute thromboses or Year-round spa and climatic resort in Vîlcea County. thrombophlebitis, ischemic cardiopathy (pectoral angina, myocardial infarction), high arterial hypertension, acute respiratory tract complaints, Altitude: 360 m . pregnancy, endometriosis, anal or urinary incontinence, psychosis, epilepsy, tuberculosis . LOCATION The spa is located in north-eastern Oltenia, within a sub-Carpathian TREATMENT FACILITIES depression in the Hin†a River Valley, surrounded by hills forested with Thermal spring-water facilities in tubs and pools, with facilities for beech, oak and fir, 12 km from Govora and 21 km from Rîmnicu Vîlcea. kinetotherapy and underwater stretching; hot mudpack facilities; facilities for gynaecological cures using thermal spring-water and hot HISTORY mud; spring-water drinking facilities for internal cures; complex electro- The local spring water has been used for therapeutic purposes since and hydro-therapy facilities; aerosol and inhalation therapy facilities; 1879 . For a time, cures were administered using copåi (wooden outdoor thermal spring-water pools, some of which are open twenty- bathtubs) housed in the cells of Govora Monastery, six kilometres from four hours a day, all year round; medical physiotherapy rooms; medical the springs . The spring water was transported to the monastery in huge massage; sauna; Gerovital and Aslavital facial and body cosmetic barrels, using oxcarts called sacale . treatments . The first bathing establishment at the springs dates from 1887. In ACCOMMODATION 1910 the Palace Hotel opened, with rooms aligned in such a way as to capture at least one hour of sunlight every day . The central pavilion and 4- and 3-star hotels, 3- and 2-star pensions, 3-flower rural pensions, casino were also established in the same year . 2-star camp sites. CLIMATE TOURIST ATTRACTIONS Moderate continental hill climate, with cool summers and mild winters . The artificial thermal lakes of Båile Felix have acclimatised lotuses, The annual average temperature is approximately 9°C (the average for such as are usually found in India and Pakistan (Nelurnuncifera), Africa July is 19°C, and the average for January is 3°C). The annual average (Nymphea zanzibarena), Asia and Africa (Aeibornia crasepis). precipitation is 840 mm, with the minimum occurring in September . The The city of Oradea: the Museum of the Criß Country, the Roman-Catholic relative humidity is around 60-70% in the hot season and 70-80% in Cathedral (the largest baroque cathedral in Romania), the ruins of Oradea the cold season . The air pressure oscillates between 730 and 735 mm . Castle (built between 1114 and 1131), the Romanian Orthodox Cathedral, known as the Church with the Moon (the clock has a mechanism that tells Natural therapeutic factors the phases of the moon, unique in Europe), the Black Eagle Palace and The spring waters are of differing concentrations and chemical Arcade (a Secession period architectural monument). compositions, and can be separated into three categories: concentrated Biharia: the ruins of Biharea Castle, which was the capital of the chlorate-sodic, iodate, bromate; concentrated chlorate-sodic, Voevodeship of Menumorut in the tenth century sulphurous; mildly bicarbonate hypotonic, sulphurous. Mild sedative Batår: dendrological park, with species of exotic trees bio-climate.

12 Therapeutic indications of houses with belvederes from the Horezu ethnographic region, the winegrowers’ farmsteads from the Grågåßani vineyard, the crafts Respiratory tract complaints (exposure to respiratory noxa, persons workshops and traditional handicrafts . prone to microbial or viral lung diseases, allergenic asthma, chronic bronchitis tracheobronchitis, bronchiecstasis, pulmonary sclero- The Gallery of Contemporary Folk Art in Horezu houses thousands of emphysema); othorhinopharyngeal complaints (chronic catarrhal unique exhibits, in particular ceramics from Hurezi and pottery from and suppurating rhino-sinusitis); abarticular rheumatic complaints other regions of the country, as well as a major permanent exhibition of (tendinosis, tendomyosis, tendoperiososis, scapulohumeral periarthritis, modern folk art . etc.); post-traumatic complaints (post-traumatic stiffness of the joints, post-operative conditions affecting the muscles, joints and bones, conditions following sprains and fractures); peripheral and central neurological conditions (delayed mild-paresis and the after-effects of 6. BÅILE HERCULANE hemi-paresis two years after the date of occurrence); gynaecological Year-round spa and climatic resort in Caraß-Severin County. Average complaints (chronic metroanexita, minor disorders of puberty and altitude: 160 m . the menopause), related gynaecological, renal, digestive, endocrine, cardiovascular and occupational illnesses . LOCATION The local climate is favourable for people with upper respiratory The resort is located in south-western Romania, on the Cerna River, and tract complaints; allergenic pollen is present only in low quantities; sheltered in the east by the Mehendin†i Mountains, and in the west by favourable for treatment of chronic exhaustion and debility . Due to the the Cernei Mountains. Orßova (19 km away), Drobeta-Turnu Severin (41 iodine present in the atmosphere, the resort is not recommended for km away) and Caransebeß (71 km away) are the closest cities. people suffering from thyroid conditions . HISTORY TREATMENT FACILITIES The spa dates from 153 A D. ,. as is attested by the votive stone in Facilities for bathing in hot iodate and sulphurous spring water; spring the baths . Knowing the curative properties of the waters, at Thermae water pool for kinetoterapy; hot mudpack facilities; aerosoltherapy Herculi the Romans built temples, baths, monuments and statues facilities, inhalation therapy, complex electro- and hydrotherapy; dedicated to the gods Hercules, Asclepius and Hygeia . From Roman physiotherapy room, medical massage, spring water drinking facilities . times there are numerous remains: aqueducts, baths, statues, coins, There are marked routes for open-air cures. and votive tablets to thank the gods for cures . Most of the buildings are in the Austrian baroque style, since the baths ACCOMMODATION became part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1718. The Imperial 1-, 2- and 3-star hotels, 3-star pensions, 4-, 3-, 2- and 1- star villas, Roman thermal baths, once frequented by General Marcus Aurelius and a 1-star tourist hostel. Pius, the governor of the Roman province, are incorporated within the monumental structure of the Roman Hotel and can be visited by tourists . TOURIST ATTRACTIONS Visits to the monasteries of Vîlcea, sites of historical and cultural CLIMATE interest, in settings rich in history. Govora Monastery, just six kilometres Båile Herculane enjoys an intermountain depression climate, with from resort, is one of the oldest monasteries in Wallachia, and is a sub-Mediterranean influences. The mountains that shelter the resort mediaeval architectural monument of a rare beauty . Hurezi Monastery, attenuate any temperate-continental influences, protecting it from a monument of Romanian architecture from the reign of Constantine strong winds . The annual average temperature is 10°C (the average in Brîncoveanu, is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. July is approximately 22°C, and in January -1°C). The maximum cloud Excursions to the Drågåßani Winegrowing Region Museum, and wine cover occurs in winter, particularly in November, the sky being mostly tasting in the local wine cellars . clear in summer, for about 20-23 days per month. The precipitation is low, the annual average being 700-800 mm, mostly in the form of rain. The Museum of the Vîlcea Region Village in Bujoreni features 45 Snow cover in winter is thin due to frequent melting . There are frequent farmsteads, with 8,500 traditional installations, and also features an inn, days of atmospheric calm, the greatest number of days per month school and wooden church . Particularly worthy of note is the tradition occurring in July, reaching a maximum value of 28%. 13 Båile Herculane Natural therapeutic factors ACCOMMODATION The spring waters of the spa can be grouped into the following broad 3- and 2-star hotels, 4-, 3- and 2-star pensions, 3- and 2-star villas, categories: chlorate-sodic, bicarbonate, slightly sulphurous (Íapte hostel, motel . Izvoare Calde (Seven Hot Springs), Scorilo Spring). These have a total mineralisation of 0.5-2.6 g/l, a temperature of 38.5-53.5°C, and a TOURIST ATTRACTIONS radioactivity level that reaches 22 MmC/l . Chlorate/sodic, bicarbonate, Spa museum; Roman baths; imperial Austrian baths; stone bas-relief of calceous (Hercule I and Hygeia Springs). These have a mineralisation Hercules from the Roman Era; Austrian Baroque style railway station in of 0.6-3.5 g/l and a temperature of 45-56°C. Chlorate-sodic, bromate- Herculane; the hunting-lodge of Emperor Franz Josef; the Casino. iodate, sulphurous (Apollo I and II and Hebe Springs). These have a mineralisation of 2.8 g/l and a temperature of 30-56°C. Chlorate/ Excursions to nature parks in the Semenic Mountains, Cerna River, and sodic, bromate-iodate, sulphurous (Diana I-IV, Neptune I-IV, Trajan and Cerna Gorge. Excursions to the city of Drobeta Turnu Severin, the ruins Decebal Springs). The total mineralisation of these oscillates between of the Bridge Apollodorus, built during the reign of the Emperor Trajan; 3 87. and 7 .93 g/l and the temperature can reach up to 62°C . The main cruises up the Danube as far as the Danube Gorges; excursions to the characteristic of spring waters of Båile Herculane is that they have very town of Tîrgu Jiu, where tourists can see monumental sculptures by high levels of sulphurous hydrogen, with a maximum of 60 mg/l . The Constantin Brîncußi; the Tismana Monastery; and the Ponoare karst area. bio-climate is sedative and mild, with strong atmospheric ionisation, of more than 2,000 negative ions per cubic centimetre . The negative ions diminish the speed at which sanguine elements sediment, increase the colloidal stability of the blood and tissues and the body’s resistance to 7. BÅILE OLÅNEÍTI infectious diseases . They also have a regulatory effect on the endocrine Year-round spa and climatic resort located in Vîlcea county. glands and a favourable influence on all the chemical reactions Altitude: 450 m . occurring in the body . In addition, the high concentration of negative ions has a remarkable sedative effect . LOCATION Therapeutic indications The resort is situated in north-eastern Oltenia on the Olåneßti River, surrounded by hills covered with beech and oak forests, and is south- Degenerative rheumatic complaints (cervical, dorsal and lumbar facing . spondylosis, both with and without cervicobrachyalgia, lumbosciatalgia arthritis, poly-arthritis); inflammatory rheumatic complaints (ankylosing sponylosis); abarticular rheumatic complaints (tendinosis, tendomyosis, HISTORY scapulohumeral periarthritis); post-traumatic complaints (post-traumatic The curative waters of Olåneßti are first mentioned in a chrysoboulion stiffness of the joints, post-operative conditions affecting the joints, (golden bull) dated 1760. The first chemical analysis of the spring conditions resulting from fractures, sprains, and luxations); peripheral waters was made in 1868, and it is from this time that the first spa neurological conditions (paresis and paralysis); complaints associated buildings date . At the Vienna International Exhibition, in 1873, the spring with metabolic and nutritive diseases (mild types of diabetes, gout, waters won a gold medal, and the resort began to draw comparisons arthropathies, hyperlipemia), related gynaecological, respiratory with the world’s leading . tract, renal, otho-rhino-pharyngeal, digestive tract, dermatological, cardiovascular and occupational illnesses . CLIMATE Båile Olåneßti has a continental hill climate, with cool summers and mild TREATMENT FACILITIES winters . The average temperature for July is 21 .2°C, and for January, Sulphurous and chlorate-sodic thermal spring water bathing facilities, -2.5°C. The annual average precipitation is 750-800 mm. Relative both in tubs and pools; kinetotherapy facilities; spring water drinking humidity reaches 60% in July-August and over 80% in December- facilities for internal cures; outdoor thermal spring water pool; spring January . Cloud cover is relatively low, with an annual average of 5 .5 water aerosol and inhalation therapy facilities; complex electro- and tenths . The average air pressure is about 740 ml . The prevailing winds hydro-therapy facilities; physiotherapy and medical massage rooms; are from the south in winter and from the north in summer . Mountain sauna; trails for outdoor cures. breezes constantly freshen the air .

15 Natural therapeutic factors kulas (fortified inhabitable towers), a church, homestead buildings, and Vîlcea-region folk costumes), Peßtera Liliecilor (the Cave of Bats), with Sulphurous, chlorate, low iodate, bromate, sodic, calceous, and access from the gardens of Bistri†a Monastery, the Trovan†ilor Museum magnesian spring waters, some oligominerals (springs nos . 11, 12, and in Costeßti. 24), other hypotone (springs nos. 5, 7, and 14) or isotone (springs nos. 3, and 19), from natural springs. These are recommended for internal cures. Annual folkloric festivals – “Cîntecele Oltului” (Songs of the Olt), held in August at Cålimåneßti-Cåciulata; “La izvorul fermecat” (At the Location: springs nos. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 are in Pavilion I, in Enchanted Spring), held in September at Båbeni; “Florile Govorei” (The the Tisa Valley, springs nos . 7, 15, 16, and 19 are in pavilion II, on the Flowers of Govora), held in July at Govora; the Strawberry Fair, held in right bank of the Olåneßti Stream, and springs nos. 3, 5, 24, 30 have May at Govora; “Hora costumelor” (The Ring-dance of Folk Costumes), their own pavilions . held in April at Pietrari; “Învîrtita dorului” (an ancient traditional folk Hypertone, sulphurous, chlorate, and sodic spring waters from dance), a rustic folk festival held in June at Vaideeni; “Cocoßul de boreholes . These are recommended for internal cures . Somewhat Horezu” (the Horezu Rooster) Potters’ Fair, held in June at Horezu. sedative bio-climate, characterised by very low stress on the nervous system, and also on the internal secretive glands, favouring rapid acclimatisation for those who come seeking a cure . 8. BÅILE TUÍNAD Therapeutic indications Year-round spa and climatic resort, situated in Harghita County. Renal and renal tract complaints (kidney stones, whether operated Altitude: 650 m . or non-operated, lithiasis of the urinary tract, chronic pyelonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis); digestive tract complaints (hypo-acid chronic LOCATION gastritis, chronic constipation, chronic colitis); hepatobiliary complaints (biliary dyskinesia, chronic cholecystitis, with or without gallbladder The resort is located on the southern side of the Ciucului Depression, at stones, disorders following liver operations, cholecystectomy, chronic an altitude of 650 m, between the Harghita and Bodoc Mountains, in a hepatitis, chronic pancreatitis); respiratory tract complaints (occupational splendid gorge of the Olt River, 32 km from Miercurea-Ciuc, 37 km from exposure to airborne pollutants, conditions resulting from microbial or viral Sfîntu Gheorghe, and 67 km from Braßov. lung diseases, allergic asthma, chronic bronchitis and thracheobronchitis, bronchiectasis); metabolic and nutritional complaints (hyperglycemia, HISTORY hyperuricemia, hyperlipemia obesity); othorhinopharyngeal complaints A company to develop the resort was formed in 1845, and in 1852 it (chronic laryngitis, nasal/sinus allergies); dermatological complaints was visited by the Emperor Franz Josef himself . In 1866, the water from (psoriasis, incipient ichthyosis, keratodermia, chronic scurf and urticaria, the main springs was analysed and bottling of water from the main neurodermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, acne, pyodermitis); related spring commenced . The resort continued to grow: the Bathing Institute degenerative rheumatic and abarticular complaints, asthenic neurosis, was founded in 1890, and the Bathing Polyclinic in 1897 . By 1987, the occupational illnesses, endocrine complaints . spa had expanded to be able to provide 4,000 beds . TREATMENT FACILITIES CLIMATE Spring water drinking facilities for internal cures; hot spring water bathing facilities; inhalation and aerosol therapy facilities; complex Intermountain depression climate . The annual average temperature is electro-, hydro- and thermo-therapy facilities, medical massage, around 6°C (the average for July is 17.5°C, and for January -4°C). The physiotherapy rooms . annual average precipitation reaches 600-700 mm, with the maximum in July (100-200 mm) and the minimum in February (15-30 mm). The ACCOMMODATION average relative air humidity is 80%, with the minimum in June-July 3- and 2-star hotels, 3- and 2-star hostels, 4-, 3- and 2-star pensions, and the maximum in winter . The annual average cloud cover is 6 .0, the 4- and 3-star villas, 2-star rooms to rent. highest readings occurring in December and the lowest in September . The air pressure in determined by the altitude of the resort, the TOURIST ATTRACTIONS variations in temperature and the wind direction, and varies between 690 and 710 mm . It snows forty days a year, and there is snow cover The monasteries of Vîlcea, Turnu, Turnu, Stînißoara, Cornetu, Arnota, for eighty days. The prevailing winds are mild and north-westerly. and Bistri†a, the Vîlcea Region Village Museum in Bujoreni (featuring 16 Båile Tußnad view from the Piatra Íoimului Natural therapeutic factors 9. BORSEC Bicarbonate, chlorate-sodic, calceous, magnesian, ferrous- Year-round spa and climatic resort in Harghita County. carbogaseous, and hypotone spring waters, with a total mineralisation of 0.68-17.386 g/l. The springs are used for internal cures (spring no. 1, Altitude: 860-880 m. Stånescu, no. 1bis, no. 3, Mikeß, no. 4, Apor, no. 5, Rudy) or for external cures (springs nos. 1 and 2 at the Ana hot baths). LOCATION One characteristic of all the mineral springs in Båile Tußnad is their Borsec is situated in Harghita County, 28 km from Topli†a, and 130 carbo-gaseous content. Thermal waters have also been discovered km from Tîrgu Mureß, and is open all year round. It is located in a here: the borehole next to Lake Ciucaß is used in the outdoor pool; depression, surrounded by the Bistri†a Mountains, Cålimani Mountains, and Ceahlåu Mountains, and boasts spectacular scenery . mofetta, used in CO2 dry-baths. Restorative bio-climate, with stimulatory effects, strongly ionised air rich in resinous aerosols and negative ions . HISTORY Therapeutic indications The springs of carbonated, bicarbonate, calceous, magnesian, alkaline- Asthenic neurosis: cardiovascular complaints (myocardial infarction ferrous, and hypotone mineral waters have been famous for their a minimum of three months after release from hospital, arterial healing properties since 1594 . Borsec began to develop in 1804, and hypertension, valvulopathies operated a minimum of three months by 1873 it was already world famous, having won prizes for its spring after surgery, conditions following phlebitis a minimum of three-four waters in Vienna . Beginning in the late nineteenth century, summer weeks after the acute phase, conditions following profound phlebitis a homes and guesthouses were constructed in Borsec . The bathing minimum of six months after the acute phase, peripheral arteriopathies facilities were established, some of them indoors . due to arteriosclerosis, varicose veins); related complaints (digestive tract, endocrine, renal and urinary tract complaints, gynaecological CLIMATE complaints, occupational illnesses). Borsec has a cool climate . The annual average temperature is around 5°C. The average temperature for July is 14-15°C, and for January TREATMENT FACILITIES -6°C. The milder climate of Borsec, compared with that of nearby Carbonated mineral bath facilities; mofetta facilities; spring water depressions Topli†a and Joseni, can be explained by the higher drinking facilities for internal cures; outdoor thermal mineral water pool; altitude of the depression in which the resort lies . The annual average outdoor mesothermal mineral water pool; complex electro- and hydro- precipitation reaches 800 mm, with the minimum in winter and the therapy facilities; aerosol and inhalation therapy facilities; medical maximum in early summer . The annual average relative air humidity is physiotherapy rooms; medical massage. 80%. The winds are generally constant, and with a higher intensity in winter . ACCOMMODATION Natural therapeutic factors 3- and 2-star hotels, 3- and 2-star pensions. Mineral waters, therapeutic peat mud, stimulatory mountain bio- TOURIST ATTRACTIONS climate . Internal and external cures using mineral waters . Lake Ciucaß, used in summer for canoeing, and in winter as skating Therapeutic indications rink; the ruins of the Piscul Cetå†ii Dacian fort; the Tinov Mohoß reserve; the Piatra Íoimului nature reserve, with an endemic species of mouse- Cardiovascular diseases; varicose veins; digestive complaints (chronic ear (Hieracium pilosella); the Prophet Elijah Orthodox Monastery in constipation, chronic hypoacidic gastritis); endocrine diseases; biliary Topli†a; Miko Castle; and the ethnographic museum in Miercurea Ciuc. dyskinesia; renal complaints; asthenic neurosis; nutritional diseases; Departure point for excursions to the Saint Ana Lake, 25 km from the muscular and joint pains . spa .

18 TREATMENT FACILITIES CLIMATE Hot-baths facilities in tubs or pools; equipment for electro- and hydro- Buziaß has a plains climate, with a mild continental tone, influenced by therapy; herbal-bath facilities; gymnastics rooms; electro-therapy; masses of sub-Mediterranean air. The annual average temperature is physiotherapy; electro-puncture; ionizations; balneophysiotherapy and around 11°C (the average for July is 20.8°C, and for January 0.1°C). medical recuperation . Generally moderate, the annual average precipitation is 650 mm. The relative air humidity is 75%. The annual average cloud cover is 5.6 ACCOMMODATION tenths . The annual average air pressure is between 750 and 755 mm . The prevailing winds are southerly . The Foehn blows in spring, bringing 3-, 2- and 1-star pensions, villas dry air from the south-east.

TOURIST ATTRACTIONS Natural therapeutic factors A wooden Orthodox monastery, built in 1847; the town park, with the Carbonated, bicarbonate, chlorate, sodic, calceous, magnesian, and Main Spring and Republica Spring hypotone waters, with a total mineralisation of 2.0-6.6 g/l. The spring Íapte Izvoare (Seven Springs), Poiana Zînelor (Fairies Glade), Dealul waters are mainly for external cures . Mineral water extracted from the Rotund (Round Hill), Peßtera de Ghea†å (Ice Cave), Cetatea Bufni†elor Apemin borehole is bottled . Mofetta from borehole no . 4 . Sedative, mild (Owls’ Castle), Grota Urßilor (Bears’ Grotto), and the Dwarf Sycamore climate, with reduced stimulatory effects . Maple Botanical Reserve . Therapeutic indications Cardiovascular diseases (post-infarct conditions in the post- 10. BUZIAÍ convalescent stage, ischemic cardiopathy, compensated mitral and aortic insufficiency, arterial hypertension, peripheral arteriopathies Year-round spa and climatic resort located in Timiß County. arising from arteriosclerosis, polyarthrosis); degenerative rheumatic Altitude: 128 m . complaints (cervical, dorsal and lumbar spondylosis, arthrosis, polyarthrosis); abarticular rheumatic complaints (tendinosis, LOCATION tendomiosis, tendoperiostosis, scapulohumeral periarthritis); post- traumatic complaints (post-traumatic stiffness of the joints, post- The resort is located on the Banat Plain, on the north-western slopes of operative muscle, bone and joint complaints, conditions resulting from Silagiu Hill, on the lower course of the Salciei Stream, in the Buziaßului fractures, sprains and luxations); peripheral and central neurological Depression, 25 km by road (DJ 592) and 28 km by train from Lugoj and complaints (mild paresis and late-occurring stiffness following 34 km by road (DJ 592) and 37 km by train from Timißoara heimparesis and paresis); related complaints (respiratory complaints, gynaecological complaints, metabolic and nutritional complaints, HISTORY asthenic neurosis, occupational illnesses). Mineral waters have been used for cures here since 1811 . It was officially declared a resort in 1819, when the first five springs came TREATMENT FACILITIES into use. In 1840 the bottling of spring water began. In 1874 the first Hot bath facilities in tubs using carbonated mineral water; mofetta boreholes were drilled, the first thermal spring water swimming pool facilities; aerosol and inhalation therapy facilities; complex electro- and was opened, called “Notatorium”, and production of bottled spring hydro-therapy facilities; physiotherapy room, medical massage. water reached 15,000 bottles a year, retailed in Budapest, Neusatz, Timißoara, Lugoj, Sibiu, and Caransebeß. The Phoenix mineral water factory, was inaugurated in 1907. At the Bratislava Exhibition (1908), ACCOMMODATION Buziaß–Muschong mineral water was awarded a gold medal. 3- and 2-star hotels, 4- and 2-star pensions, 1-star villas.

19 TOURIST ATTRACTIONS Between 1882 and 1884, the Cålimåneßti Bathing Establishment was built, now called the Central Hotel. In 1910, the Govora-Cålimåneßti The colonnade in the park, with its centuries-old trees, which is unique Company was awarded the concession for the resort, and in 1912 the in Europe due to its length (500 metres), the Iulia Folea Troceanu Casino was built in Ostrov. In 1924, Hotel No. 1, the Jantea Hotel, the Collection of Banat Folk Art; the Chapel on Silagiu Hill; the Mihai and Bazaar and the Olt Theatre and Terrace (now the town library) were Iosif Springs . built . Between 1976 and 1979, the Cozia Bathing Complex was built . Timißoara - the Museum of the Banat, with History, Natural Sciences and Art sections); the Baroque Roman-Catholic Cathedral (1773); CLIMATE the Bastion of Timißoara Castle, one of the few remaining parts of the fortifications built under the Austro-Hungarian Empire using the Continental hill climate, without strong contrasts in temperature, eighteenth-century Vauban technique. characteristic of sheltered sub-Carpathian depressions. The annual average temperature is 9 8°C,. the average for July is a little less than Lugoj – the Museum of History, Ethnography and Art, the Baroque 20°C, and for January -1.5°C and -2°C. The annual average cloud Orthodox Cathedral (1759); the Traian Vuia Museum, dedicated to the cover is 5.5 tenths. The annual precipitation reaches 750-800 mm. The aviation pioneer; the ruins of the Marginea feudal castle (seventeenth- average relative air humidity reaches 60-80%. The resort is sheltered century). from strong winds . Giarmata – the Swabian Ethnographic Museum. The Recaß Wine Cellars – open to visitors and for wine tasting. Natural therapeutic factors Cold or thermal mineral waters, originating from natural springs and boreholes, with various concentrations and chemical compositions: chloro-sodic, bicarbonate, alkaline, calceous, magnesian, sulphurous, 11. CÅLlMÅNEÍTI-CÅCIULATA bromate-iodate; restorative bio-climate. Year-round spa and climatic resort in Vîlcea County. Altitude: 260 m . Therapeutic indications Digestive tract complaints (chronic hypoacidic gastritis, chronic LOCATION constipation, chronic colitis); liver and gallbladder complaints (biliary dyskinesia, chronic cholecystitis, with or without gallbladder stones, The resort lies on the right bank of the Olt River where it emerges from post-operative liver complaints: cholecystectomy, chronic hepatitis, the Meridional Carpathians, in the Jiblea-Cålimåneßti sub-Carpathian chronic pancreatitis); kidney and urinary tract complaints (operated depression, 18 km from Rîmnicu Vîlcea, 81 km from Sibiu, and 198 km or non-operated kidney stones, lithiasis of the urinary tract, chronic from Bucharest . pyelonephritis, urinary infections, stable chronic glomerulonephritis); metabolic and nutritional complaints (diabetes, conditions caused HISTORY by hyperuricemia, hyperlipemia, obesity); inflammatory rheumatic The Arutela Roman fort, whose ruins can be seen at Bivolari, near complaints (allergies in the joints following acute arthritis of the joints Cålimåneßti, used the thermal springs in its baths. The thermal springs, or local infection); abarticular rheumatic complaints (tendinosis, known since Dacian and Roman times, have been used for therapeutic tendomiosis, tendoperiostosis, scapulohumeral periathritis); post- purposes since 1830, in Cålimåneßti. traumatic conditions (post-traumatic stiffness of the joints, complaints resulting from sprains, luxations and fractures); degenerative rheumatic The local spring waters were used even by Napoleon III, who suffered complaints, peripheral neurological complaints (paresis, conditions from kidney complaints, and were presented in L’Union medicale resulting from poliomyelitis); respiratory complaints (persons exposed magazine in 1859 . In 1873, Cåciulata water was awarded the gold to airborne pollutants, microbes or viruses, allergic asthma, bronchitis medal at the International Spring Water Exhibition in Vienna . At the and chronic tracheobronchitis, bronchiectasis); related complaints international exhibition of spring water and foods held in Brussels, (gynaecological, ear, nose and throat, dermatological, cardiovascular, Cåciulata water received the highest reward, the Diplome de Grand Prix, endocrine, asthenic, occupational illnesses). together with the Gold Medal.

20 Cålimåneßti, Oltului Valley TREATMENT FACILITIES HISTORY Mineral water hot baths in tubs and pools; outdoor sulphurous thermal Covasna has been famous since ancient times for the Balta Dracului water pool (Cåciulata); mineral water drinking facilities for internal (Devil’s Pool), which produces alkaline carbogaseous water and cures; aerosol and inhalation therapy facilities; complex electro-, greyish mud . The earliest historical document dates back to 1567, but thermo- and hydro-therapy facilities; physiotherapy and medical archaeological discoveries reveal that humans were present here as massage rooms; aeroheliotherapy facilities at the thermal lido. early as Neolithic times . In 1882, mineral water from the Horgasz spring was awarded a medal at Trieste . ACCOMMODATION 3- and 2-star hotels, 2-star hostels, 3-star motels, 4-, 3- and 2-star CLIMATE villas, 2-star cabanas, 2-star bungalows, 1-star tourist hostel. Covasna has an intermountain depression climate, with cool summers and cold winters . TOURIST ATTRACTIONS The annual average temperature is 7°C (the average for June is about Cozia Monastery (2 km from Cålimåneßti), founded by Mircea the Elder 17°C, and for January -5°C). The annual average precipitation reaches between 1387 and 1388, thought to by the oldest and most important 600 mm, less abundant in February, and more abundant in May-August. monument of mediaeval architecture in Wallachia, renovated by Neagoe The relative air humidity oscillates between 75 and 80%, lower in April Basarab in 1517 and by Princely Cupbearer Íerban Cantacuzino in and July-August. The annual average cloud cover is 5.9 tenths, with 1707 . The murals were also restored during the reigns of Constantin more sunny days in April, July and August-October. Brîncoveanu, Bibescu, Ítirbei and others. The graves of Mircea the Elder The forest-covered surrounding hills shelter the resort from strong air and Teophana, the mother of Michael the Brave, can be found in the currents and winds . In Covasna, a mountain breeze can be felt as a narthex . The monastery church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity, whose result of the difference in temperature and air pressure between the Feast is celebrated the day after Whit Sunday . mountains and depressions . Turnu Monastery, founded by Varlaam in 1676, the Bishop of Rîmnicu and Metropolitan of Wallachia. The church’s feast day is the Natural therapeutic factors Presentation of the Theotokos, celebrated on 21 November . Covasna is one of the spas richest in mineral waters in all Romania, Ostrov Hermitage, founded by Neagoe Basarab and his wife, Despina, with a broad range of physicochemical compositions; carbogaseous, between 1520 and 1521, located on an island in the middle of Olt River. bicarbonate, chloro-sodic, iodate-bromate, ferruginous, arsenical, or The church’s feast day is the Nativity of the Theotokos, celebrated mild sulphurous mineral waters, with a total mineralisation of 3.2- on 8 September . 22 .4 g/l . Mineral waters from Covasna contain a high concentration of Stînißoara Monastery, founded by Gheorghe Cluceru and other boyars volcanic carbonic acid: around 2 5. g/l . from Piteßti in 1747. The church’s patron is St George, whose feast day Another natural therapeutic factor specific to the spa is mofetta (a is celebrated on 23 April . natural gas emission, mainly consisting of carbon dioxide), used mostly The Arutela Roman fort, near the Cozia-Turnu Hydroelectric Dam. in treating cardiovascular system diseases . The mineral waters are recommended in the treatment of cardiovascular, gynaecological, locomotive, dermatological, metabolic and nervous system complaints . Mofetta gas from Covasna, with its 80-98% carbon dioxide content, has 12. COVASNA a vasodilatory effect, reduces blood pressure, and is beneficial for the heart and peripheral circulation . Mofetta is available at the treatment Year-round spa and climatic resort located in Covasna County. facilities in the Covasna, Cåprioara, and Montana Hotels . Another Altitude 550-600 m. important therapeutic factor is the mild climate, which places low demands on the nervous and vegetative systems, and on the internal LOCATION glands . The resort is located in the foothills of the western flank of the Bre†cului Mountains, in the southern part of the Tîrgu Secuiesc Depression, 31 km from Sfîntul Gheorghe and 60 km from Braßov. 22 THERAPEUTIC INDICATIONS 13. GEOAGIU-BÅI Cardiovascular diseases (myocardial infarct a minimum of three months Year-round spa and climatic resort, located in Hunedoara County. after release from hospital, ischemic cardiopathy, compensated mitral and aortic insufficiency, arterial hypertension, operated valvulopathies Altitude 350 m . a minimum of three months after surgery, conditions following superficial phlebitis a minimum of three to four weeks after the acute LOCATION phase, conditions following deep phlebitis a minimum of six months The resort is located on the south-eastern flank of Apuseni Mountains, after the acute phase, varicose ulcers, peripheral arteriopathies due in the foothills of the Metaliferi Mountains, amid forest-clad peaks, to arteriosclerosis, varicose veins); digestive tract complaints (chronic close to the Mureß Corridor, at the confluence of the Geoagiu and Mureß hyperacidic gastritis, gastric and chronic duodenal ulcers); liver and Rivers. The town is 19 km from Oråßtia, and 46 km from Deva. gallbladder complaints (biliary dyskinesia, chronic cholecystitis without gallbladder stones, conditions resulting from liver operations, chronic HISTORY pancreatitis); related complaints (metabolic and nutritional complaints, asthenic neurosis). At Germisara, the Romans built thermal baths that captured the spring waters using terracotta ducts . In 1935, excavation work began on the TREATMENT FACILITIES current small bathing pool, and statues representing Asclepius and Hygeia were unearthed. The baths were restored in the mid-sixteenth Facilities for bathing in hot carbogaseous spring waters; mofetta century by Queen Isabella, wife of Ioan Sigismund Zápolya, the King facilities; spring water drinking facilities for internal cures; paraffin of Hungary. Use of the spring waters became systematic in the early packs; aerosol and inhalation therapy facilities; complex electro- and twentieth century, when the first modern bathing facilities were hydro-therapy facilities; physiotherapy rooms, medical massage. There established . is also a Cardiology Hospital at the spa . CLIMATE ACCOMMODATION Moderate continental depression climate . The annual average 4-, 3- and 2-star hotels, 3- and 2-star pensions, 3- and 2- star rooms to temperature is about 9°C (the average for June is 20°C, and for January rent, 1-star campsite. between -2°C and -3°C). Relatively low precipitation, with an annual total of 550 mm . Brief showers are characteristic of the summer period . TOURIST ATTRACTIONS The resort is sheltered from winds and enjoys warm weather in early The ruins of the Dacian fort on Fairies’ Hill . Ancient terraced stonewalls . spring thanks to the Foehn Wind . The rich natural vegetation in the surrounding area (beech, oak and fir forests) favour ozonic, purified and The Balta Dracului (Devil’s Pool) Reserve, located in the middle of the refreshing air . town and declared a monument of the nature, releases the mofetta gas captured by the water table . NATURAL THERAPEUTIC FACTORS Comandåu (18 km) – the Comandåu high-gradient forest railway Bicarbonate, calceous, magnesian, slightly radioactive (4.14 MmC), (currently closed), or the Íiclåu, as it is known by locals, was built in hypotone, mesothermal (29-33°C) mineral waters. They have a total 1886, and is a technical achievement unique in all of Europe . mineralisation of 1.1- 1.4 g/l and are used in external and internal Mestecånißul de la Reci – a botanical reserve located on the floodplain cures. The bio-climate is mild and sedative. of the Negru River, situated in the Reci sand dunes. Rare floral and fauna species have been discovered here, which, along with the birches THERAPEUTIC INDICATIONS in the sand dunes, form part of this protected area . Degenerative rheumatic complaints (cervical, dorsal and lumbar Ghelin†a (20km) –a small fourteenth-century Transylvanian Roman- spondylosis, arthrosis, polyarthrosis); inflammatory rheumatic Catholic village church . The walls of the nave have preserved their rich complaints (conditions arising from allergies in the joints); abarticular gothic murals . rheumatic complaints (tendinosis, tendoperiostosis, scapulohumeral Cernat (25 km), the thirteenth-century Ika Castle. periarthritis); post-traumatic conditions (post-traumatic stiffness of the joints, post-operative conditions affecting the joints, conditions resulting

23 from fractures, sprains and luxations); peripheral neurological disorders Ulpia Traiana became the capital of Dacia after the Roman conquest. It (mild paresis, stiffness resulting from polyneuropathy); gynaecological consists of a fortified walled precinct, which housed a market, forum, complaints (minor disorders of puberty an the menopause); related and administrative edifices, along with an amphitheatre of 5,000 seats. complaints (endocrine, metabolic and nutritional, dermatological, The Densuß Chapel, a UNESCO World Heritage Monument, dates back asthenic neurosis, cardiovascular diseases, occupational illnesses). to the thirteenth century, and is one of the oldest stone churches in Romania. It was built using stone brought from Ulpia Traiana TREATMENT FACILITIES Sarmisegetuza, and incorporates features from Roman monuments . Facilities for bathing in hot mineral waters using tubs and pools; facilities for hot mud packs; facilities for electro- and hydro-therapy; spring-water drinking facilities for internal cures; outdoor pools with solaria for aeroheliotherapy; physiotherapy room; medical massage. 14. LACU SÅRAT Year-round spa and climatic resort in Bråila County. ACCOMMODATION Altitude 25 m . 4-, 3-, and 2-star hotels, 3- and 2-star pensions, 3- and 2-star rooms to rent, 1-star campsite. LOCATION The spa is located in the north-eastern Bårågan Steppe, in the middle of TOURIST ATTRACTIONS a nature reserve, on the banks of Lacu Sårat (Salt Lake), 5 km from the The town park, Roman thermal baths, and the Round Church in municipality of Bråila . Geoagiu, built in the late eleventh century. Excursions in the surrounding area: HISTORY Oråßtie, 20 km: the Dacian fort at Costeßti, in the Oråßtiei Mountains, on The history of the spa began in 1879, when the first analyses of water the left bank of the Oråßtie River, 20 km from the city. Probably, a royal and mud from Lacul Sårat were conducted. The earliest therapeutic residence between the first century B.C. and the first century A.D., the facilities were built in 1883 . In 1896, when it was connected to the stronghold consists of consecutively aligned fortifications, earthworks, water mains and electricity networks, the resort began to develop in and a stone precinct, with bulwarks and two habitable towers on earnest . People from all over the continent travelled to the resort, as the upper plateau. To the south, the Blidaru Fort and Costeßti Fort Lacul Sårat was reckoned one of the pearls of European health resorts guarded the road to the capital of the Kingdom of Dacia . The stronghold in its day . consists of a trapezoid-shaped precinct, with corner-towers and one central habitable tower, and a further precinct . An underground cistern CLIMATE collected the water from a nearby spring . Continental plains climate, with extreme contrasts and high Deva, 45 km away: the Deva Mediaeval Stronghold is located 200 m temperatures . The annual average temperature is 11 .1°C (the average above the city, on Cetå†ii Hill, in a 30 hectare botanical reserve. Access for June is 23°C, and for January 2.3°C). Low precipitation, with the to Cetå†ii Hill is made easier by a cable car. The Renaissance and annual average not rising above 450 mm . The relative air humidity is Baroque castle of Voievode Gabriel Bethlen, built in 1613-1621, can be high in winter (above 80%) and low in summer (less than 60%). The found nearby . The Museum of Dacian and Roman Civilisations houses annual average sunlight is 2200 hours, with clearer skies in summer . ancient Dacian, Roman and early mediaeval archaeological artefacts, as The prevailing winds are north and north-easterly. well as fine and decorative art. Hunedoara, 55 km away: the Hunedoara Castle, a sumptuous Gothic NATURAL THERAPEUTIC FACTORS castle, founded in 1364, is the most important example of mediaeval The concentrated sulphate, chloro-sodic, magnesian lake water has a architecture in Romania . The Knight’s Room and the Ne Boisya (Be not total mineralisation of about 84 g/l . The sapropelic mud extracted from afraid) Tower have been preserved unaltered to the present day. the lake, with its odour of hydrogen sulphate, contains 62.3% water. Stimulatory steppe bio-climate, indicated for sick people with functional Ha†eg, 60 km away: Sarmisegetuza Regia Citadel, the capital of the resources close to the normal values . Kingdom of Dacia, includes a spectacular round sanctuary in the sacred precinct, used as a calendar and in rituals . The nearby Sarmisegetuza 24 THERAPEUTIC INDICATIONS HISTORY Degenerative rheumatic complaints (cervical, dorsal and lumbar The Moneasa area has been documented since the late sixteenth spondylosis, arthrosis, polyarthrosis); inflammatory rheumatic century . 1886 is considered to be the year when the Moneasa resort was complaints (allergic conditions resulting from acute rheumatism of the established, when it was designated as resort by the Imperial Internal joints or local infections); abarticular rheumatic complaints (tendinosis, Affairs Minister in Vienna . Five years later it became the property of Count tendomiosis, tendoperiostosis, scapulohumeral periarthritis); post- Wenenheim, who, by developing the Sebeß-Moneasa narrow-gauge railway, traumatic complaints (post-traumatic stiffness of the joints, conditions facilitated transport to the resort, which led to an increasing number of subsequent to operations on the muscles, tendons, bones and tourists and the construction of new buildings . An analysis of the Moneasa joints, conditions resulting from sprains, luxations and fractures); resort’s thermo-mineral waters was conducted in 1898 and their superior peripheral neurological complaints; gynaecological complaints (ovarian chemical composition was confirmed, which led to acknowledgement of insufficiency, chronic cervicitis); dermatological complaints (psoriasis, the resort as one of the most prestigious in Europe . During the First World ichtiosis, keratodermia, neurodermitis); endocrine complaints (benign War, Moneasa was destroyed, but subsequently rebuilt . hypothyroidism, hypo-ovaritis in puberty). CLIMATE TREATMENT FACILITIES Moneasa has a moderate continental climate, with mild winters and Facilities for bathing in hot mineral water using tubs; baths and hot cool summers . The annual average temperature is 9 .5°C (the June mud pack facilities; electro- and hydro-therapy facilities; physiotherapy average is 20°C, and the January average 1.1°C). The annual average room; medical massage; hot water pool for kinetotherapy; facilities for precipitation reaches 800-1000 mm. The relative humidity is in between aeroheliotherapy and cold mud packs, followed by swimming in the lake . 78-93%. There are frequent rains in June; the lowest rainfall is in spring and autumn. Located in a narrow gorge, Moneasa resort benefits from ACCOMMODATION strongly ionised air thanks to the forests at its edge . 2-star hotels, 2-star pensions. NATURAL THERAPEUTIC FACTORS TOURIST ATTRACTIONS Oligomineral, mesothermal, bicarbonate, magnesian, and sodic mineral waters. They have a temperature of 24-32°C and a total mineralisation The Lacu Sårat wooden monastery; the Public Garden, an oasis of of 0.19-0.27 g/l. Mild bio-climate, with sedative and calming effects on vegetation, which features the resort’s oldest building, the Water Castle; the nervous system . the Memorial Exhibition dedicated to Dumitrescu Panaitescu Perpessicius, the poet and literary critic; the Panait Istrati Memorial Museum, in the Public Gardens; the Greek Church, built in 1872; the Museum of Bråila, THERAPEUTIC INDICATIONS which has an ethnographic section featuring traditional buildings; Conditions affecting locomotion (degenerative inflammatory Monument Park, covering 90 hectares; the Church of the Archangels rheumatism, abarticular rheumatism, post-traumatic conditions); Gabriel and Michael, the only church in Romania without spires (the complaints of the peripheral nervous system; peripheral and central church is a former mosque, converted into an Orthodox Church, after the nervous system complaints; chronic gynaecological complaints; Peace of Adrianopolis in 1929); the Danube esplanade, stretching 7 km. asthenic neurosis; related disorders (metabolic and nutritional diseases).

TREATMENT FACILITIES 15. MONEASA Facilities for hot baths in tubs; pools for kinetotherapy; facilities for electro-, hydro- and thermo-therapy; physiotherapy rooms; medical Year-round resort in Arad County. Altitude 290 m. massage; sauna; outdoor pools for spring-water bathing.

LOCATION ACCOMMODATION The resort is located in the foothills of the Codru-Moma Massif, in the 3- and 1-star hotels, 4- and 3-star villas, 2-star pension, 1-star cabana, Moneasa Valley, surrounded by forest-clad hills, 20 km from Sebeß, and 3-star cottages. 110 km from Arad

25 TOURIST ATTRACTIONS CLIMATE Arad - the sixteenth-century Arad Castle; the baroque Serbian Church, Moderate continental hill and plateau climate, with local variations from 1698; the History Museum including temperature inversions in winter, atmospheric calm, and also Dezna Castle, Deznei Inn – historic monuments in the Dezna Valley climatic peculiarities that play an important role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases . Lipova, the seventeenth-century Orthodox church Íoimuß, a mediaeval fortress, built in the thirteenth century; it was in NATURAL THERAPEUTIC FACTORS front of the castle that one of the most important battles was fought by Lakes with high concentrations of salt water, mineral water from the peasant rebels Horea, Cloßca and Crißan was fought. Horea Spring, and sapropelic mud. Relaxing sedative topo-climate with Bodrogul Nou, Hodoß-Bodrog Monastery, founded in 1177, is one of reinvigorating effects on the human organism . the oldest ecclesiastical monuments in Romania . It houses a priceless collection of paintings, manuscripts, and religious artefacts . THERAPEUTIC INDICATIONS Vaßcåu karst plateau – the Cave of Bats near Moneasa, the Cave of rheumatism of the joints (spondiloarthrosis, coxarthrosis, gonarthrosis, Crystals, White Cave, Bears’ Grotto arthritis of the hands, legs, shoulders); degenerative abarticular rheumatic Moneasa Quarry is remarkable for its modern methods of excavation complaints (entesopathy, regardless of location, scapulohumeral and and the quality of its rock, but above all for the striking landscape coxohumeral periarthritis, epicondilitis, postural metatarsalgia, etc.); revealed by its vast terraced opening . non-specific inflammatory rheumatic complaints (ankylosing seronegative spondiloarthropathy, rheumatoid polyarthritis, psoriatic polyarthritis, Moneasa water lily reserve and the laurel reserve situated 10 km from etc., after the remission of the acute stage of the illness); post-traumatic Gurahon†. orthopaedic complaints and complications (fractures following the removal of plaster casts, or consolidation with metal osteosynthetic material, algoneurodystrophy in stages I and II); peripheral neurological 16. OCNA SIBIULUI complaints (neuralgia and neuritis); central neurological after-effects of brain traumas or strokes (hemiparesis, paraparesis, etc.); recovery from Year-round spa and climatic resort in Sibiu county. plastic surgery on the hands or legs, sub-acute and chronic inflammatory gynaecological complaints (anexitis, vulvovaginitis, treatment of sterility LOCATION caused by chronic inflammatory metroanexita or anovulatory cycles); Ocna Sibiului resort is situated in the north-western part of the Sibiului chronic exfoliative dermatological complaints (psoriasis); chronic ear, Depression, 400 m above sea level, 15 km from Sibiu . Currently, the old nose and throat and pulmonary complaints (allergic rhinitis, hypertrophied salt mines are filled with 15 pools of chloro-sodic mineral water, which rhinitis, sinusitis, pharingolaryngitis, repeated anginas, tracheobronchitis); has special curative effects . endocrinological complaints causing hypoactivity; preventative treatments for patients at risk of developing a disease of the locomotive system; treatments to combat stress and stay healthy . HISTORY Counter-indications: Arterial hypertension, TB, inflammatory rheumatic The salt deposits and natural environment encouraged human complaints: rheumatoid polyarthritis, arthritis, coronoaropathy, cardiac settlements as early as prehistoric times . insufficiency, ischemic or haemorrhagic strokes, thrombophlebitis, Ocna Sibiului is documented as Terra Wiz (the Visa Land – the infectious diseases of any nature or location (any dental work, otitis, Romanian toponym of the river that runs through the town), in an act food poisoning), post-viral convalescence; tracheobronchitis, acute issued by Isztván, the King of Hungary. In 1598, the ambassador of grippe, renal complaints, liver complaints, acute and chronic viral Emperor Rudolf II, accredited by Michael the Brave, made mention of hepatitis, hepatic insufficiency. the lakes’ therapeutic effect . In 1820, a chemical analysis of the water was conducted for the first time, and in 1820, the Ocna Sibiului spa TREATMENT FACILITIES was officially opened, the current buildings having been constructed in 1900-1909. Balneotherapy; thermotherapy (mud and paraffin treatment); contrast therapy (sauna); mechanotherapy; electro-therapy; kinetotherapy; laser- therapy; photo-therapy. 26 Ocna Sibiului ACCOMMODATION 17. OCNA ÍUGATAG 4-, 3- and 2-star hotels, 3- and 2-star, 2-star pensions, 2-star rooms Year-round spa and climatic resort in Maramureß County. to rent . Altitude 490 m . TOURIST ATTRACTIONS LOCATION Cetate Reformed Church, originally a Roman basilica, built from stone and brick, with very thick buttressed walls, with three naves and six The resort is located in the Maramureß Depression, in the foothills of the transepts, a semi-circular apse and a massive spire. In 1569, the ˇibleß-Gutîi volcanic mountain chain, 20 km from Sighetul Marma†iei. church changed from the Roman-Catholic to the Calvinist Reformed denomination . HISTORY The Archangels Michael and Gabriel Romanian Orthodox Church, Ocna Íugatag was first attested in historical documents that date founded by Michael the Brave, who, after the Battle of Íelimbår back to 1355 . The main local activity was salt mining . Silver and gold in 1599, stopped at Ocna Sibiului on his way to Alba Iulia and coins from Roman Era have been found around the salt mines . At the commanded a church be built . It was rebuilt in 1695 by Constantin beginning of the twentieth century, when mining came to an end, Brîncoveanu. water flooded and caused the collapse of the mine roof, thus creating the saltwater lake for which the city is renowned . The Romanian Orthodox Church of the Transfiguration, built in 1790 by miners from the old salt mines. Built in brick, with a semi-circular apse on the east side and a spire, is decorated on the outside with a CLIMATE plaited girdle and blind niches, and on the inside with Neo-Byzantine ntermountain depression climate . The summers are cool, the winters paintings . not very cold . The annual average temperature is 8°C (in June, over The Nativity of St John the Baptist Romanian Orthodox Church, built 18°C, and in January -4°C). The annual precipitation is 750 mm, and from brick in 1810, with a semi-circular apse on the eastern side and the prevailing winds are south-westerly and southerly. a tall spire, preserves on the outside a few fragments of the 1827 mural paintings . Natural therapeutic factors The resort, built between 1907 and 1909, in a uniform and Concentrated chloro-sodic mineral waters from the salt lakes created harmonious Belle Époque architectural style, with rich ornamentation by the collapse of old salt mines. Gavrilå Lake contains concentrated consisting of floral and vegetal elements in the Vienna Jugendstil chloro-sodic mineral water, with a total mineralisation of 289 g/l; mild decorative-geometric manner characteristic of the 1900s in bio-climate. Transylvania . The Salt Museum, housed in the Upper School building, presents Therapeutic indications the history of salt and therapeutic bathing, with sections for history, Degenerative rheumatic complaints (cervical, dorsal and lumbar ethnography, folk art and a small art gallery . spondylosis, arthrosis, polyarthrosis); abarticular rheumatic The resort’s surroundings offer marvellous opportunities for complaints (tendinosis, tendomiosis, tendoperiostosis, scapulohumeral excursions to old mediaeval strongholds or to town such as Sibiu, periarthritis); post-traumatic complaints (post-traumatic stiffness, Mediaß, and Cluj, which are famous for their mediaeval ambiance. conditions resulting from operations on the bones, muscles and ligaments, complaints resulting from sprains, luxations and fractures); peripheral neurological complaints (post-traumatic paralysis and paresis of the limbs, polyneuropathy after the acute phase, polyradiculoneuritis in the after-effect phase, after-effects of polymyelitis); central nervous system complaints (mild paresis); gynaecological complaints (ovarian insufficiency, chronic cervicitis).

28 TREATMENT FACILITIES 18. PRAID Facilities for bathing in hot mineral water using tubs and pools; Year-round spa and climatic resort in Harghita County. Altitude 500 m. facilities for electro-, hydro- and thermo-therapy; physiotherapy room; medical massage; pool for aeroheliotherapy and concentrated LOCATION saltwater pools . The resort is located in central Romania, in the valley of the Tîrnava Micå River, in the Praid Sovata Depression, on the south-western flank ACCOMMODATION of the Gurghiu Mountains, at an altitude of 500 m, 10 km from the 3- and 2-star hotels, 3- and 2-star pensions, 2-flower rural pensions, Sovata resort . 3- star villas, 3-star cabanas. HISTORY TOURIST ATTRACTIONS The salt mines of the Praid spa date back to Roman times . Historical Pådurea Cråiascå Nature Reserve, covering 44 hectares, at an average documents reveal four amphitheatre-like excavations, as well as the altitude of 485 m . The reserve is home to Romania’s most impressive discovery of bricks inscribed LMV (Legio V Macedonica). Documents also durmast specimens (from the Ronißoara Oak subspecies), as well as reveal that in 1405 salt began to be mined at Praid . Cures have been zadå (larch tree), a caducous leaf conifer. taken at Praid since 1960 . In 1980, the treatment site sank 120 metres . In summertime, 2,500-3,000 people used to come to take cures. A wooden church in the Maramureß architectural style. The old baths, a lacustrine area to the west of the town, is made up of CLIMATE pools created by the collapse of disused salt mines, which had been in Intermountain depression climate . The summers are cool, and the use for 600 years . winters cold . The annual average temperature is 8°C (in June it is 18°C, The new baths are the touristic centre of the spa, having been opened and in January -4°C). The annual precipitation is 750 mm, and the in 1972 . In summertime it is a popular recreation spot, surrounded by prevailing winds are south-westerly and southerly. the Cråiascå forest . Natural therapeutic factors The annual Tînjaua de la Hoteni, a traditional rustic festival, is held in Ocna Íugatag village. The event celebrates the first householder Concentrated chloro-sodic mineral waters from the salt lakes, salt mine from the village of Horeni who goes out to plough, and is attended by micro-climate. Strongly ozonic, stimulatory bio-climate. thousands of people, in the natural setting of the Dårasca Valley . Therapeutic indications Respiratory complaints (asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, pulmonary emphysema, silicosis).

TREATMENT FACILITIES 16-18-day cures that entail lying in the salt mine for around 4-5 hours a day, annually or bi-annually, depending on the severity of the disease.

ACCOMMODATION 3-, 2- and 1-star hotels, 3- and 2-flower rural pensions.

TOURIST ATTRACTIONS Praid Salt mine and the Salt Mountain, Praid mesothermal Baths, 200 metres from the entrance to the salt mine, the Reformed Church, the Roman-Catholic Church. 29 Tîrgu Mureß: the Teleki House, a baroque-style architectural monument; complaints; abarticular rheumatic complaints (tendinosis, the Teleki Library, containing 44 princeps editions and 1,200 volumes tendomiosis, tendoperiostosis, scpulohumeral periarthritis, etc.); post- dating back to the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries, the Bolyai Library, traumatic complaints (post-traumatic stiffness of the joints, conditions which houses 55,000 volumes . resulting from operations on the joints, conditions resulting from Sighißoara: the mediaeval citadel (fourteenth-sixteenth-century), the fractures, sprains etc.); peripheral and central neurological complaints Clock Tower (fourteenth-century), the Church on the Hill. (paraparesis a minimum of three months from its first occurrence); respiratory complaints (persons exposed to airborne pollutants, persons suffering from frequent microbial or viral pneumopathies, bronchiectasis); ear, nose and throat complaints (psoriasis, ichtiosis, 19. PUCIOASA keratodermia, chronic eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, acne, furunculosis, scleroderma); related complaints (metabolic, nutritional, Year-round spa and climatic resort in Dîmbovi†a County. cardiovascular, occupational illnesses). Altitude 350 m . TREATMENT FACILITIES LOCATION Mineral water used in external cures – facilities for hot mineral-water The resort is located in the valley of the Ialomi†a River, in an area of baths; pools for kinetotherapy; installations for parafango therapy; forest-clad hills at the edge of the Leaota Mountains, 21 km from inhalation and aerosol therapy facilities; electro- and hydro-therapy Tîrgovißte and 42 km from Sinaia. facilities; physiotherapy rooms, medical massage

HISTORY ACCOMMODATION The earliest historical document relating to the resort dates back to 2-star hotel, 3-star motel, 3-star pensions, 3-star cottages, villas. 1649, when it was known as Piatra Pucioaså . Sulphurous water springs were analysed for the first time in 1821-1828. The first public bathing TOURIST ATTRACTIONS pavilion was built in 1834 . Mineral waters from Pucioasa were exhibited The dam, reservoir, and jetty. The A. I. Bråtescu Voineßti Cultural Centre, at the universal exhibition in Vienna in 1873 . In 1930, Pucioasa was and Independence Park, with the Heroes of the People Monument at its declared a spa resort . entrance, created by sculptor Liviu Brezeanu. CLIMATE Excursions to other tourist attractions: the Old Citadel of the Capital of Wallachia in Tîrgovißte (fourteenth-seventeenth-century), the Princely The local area has a continental climate, with cool summers and mild Court Museum Complex, the Museum and of Printing and the Romanian winters . The annual average temperature is about 9°C (the July average Book, the Gheorghe Petraßcu Memorial Museum in Tîrgovißte; the is 19°C, and the January average 3°C). The annual average air humidity Prahova Valley; Braßov; Bran. is 76%, with a maximum of 85% in December-January, and a minimum of 65% in August. The Ialomi†a River and the reservoir along its course produce a large quantity of water vapour, especially in the hot season . Cloud cover is quite high all year round . The annual average precipitation 20. SÅRATA MONTEORU reaches 750 mm. Air currents are mainly northerly and north-easterly. Year-round spa and climatic resort in Buzåu County. Natural therapeutic factors Altitude 86 m . Sulphurous, sulphate, chlorate, bicarbonate, calceous, sodic, hypotone mineral waters. Mild bio-climate. LOCATION Sårata Monteoru is located in Buzåu County and is part of Merei village . Therapeutic indications It is 19 km from the municipality of Buzåu, 8 km from Båile Sårata on Degenerative rheumatic complaints (cervical, dorsal and lumbar the DN1 B (Ploießti-Buzåu) Monteoru, 67 km from Ploießti, and 112 km spondylosis, arthrosis, polyarthrosis); inflammatory rheumatic from Bucharest .

30 Ocna Sibiului - therapeutic procedures HISTORY with polarised light (bioproton); therapeutic massage, kinetotherapy and hydrokinetotherapy . Curative waters were first mentioned here in 1837, with locals using them to treat diseases . After the First World War, the Hydrology Institute was founded in Bucharest, which, during one an extensive survey of ACCOMMODATION mineral waters in Romania, studied Spring no. 2 at Monteoru, finding 2-star hotel, 3-star hostel, 4-, 3- and 2-star pensions, 4-, 3- and that its waters contained sodium chloride and magnesium chloride, but 2-flower rural pensions, 2-star campsite, 2-star rooms to rent, 1-star no sodium bicarbonate, and that their chemical composition was similar bungalows . to those of the French spa of Châtel Guyon. TOURIST ATTRACTIONS CLIMATE The following attractions are within easy reach: the muddy volcanoes Sårata Monteoru enjoys a mild temperate continental climate, with hot near Berca; Ciolanu Monastery; the sculpture park at Mågura; the summers and mild winters. North-westerly winds are ameliorated by the Amber Museum in Col†i; the wine cellars of winegrowing resort of hill tops which shut off the depression, giving it its specific, sheltered Pietroasele, where the so-called Hen and Chicken treasure trove of topo-climate. The annual average temperature is 10°C. On average, the ancient gold was discovered; Dealu-Mare; Valea Cålugåreascå; Cheia first frosts occur at the end of November, and the last snowfalls at the spa (Cheia Monastery, rebuilt in 1835-1839 by shepherds from Sålißtea end of March . Sibiului after that the original wooden church, dating from 1770, burned to the ground) and Suzana Monastery; Slånic Prahova resort; Natural therapeutic factors Balta Bråilei (Danube cruises and the channels of Large Island, Bråila); angling . Salted, iodate, bromate, calceous, magnesian, sulphurous mineral waters, mineral mud deposits from sulphurous mineral waters, mild bio-climate. Remarkable results are achieved especially in the treatment of locomotive system complaints (degenerative rheumatoid, abarticular, 21. Sîngeorgiu de MureÍ post-traumatic), and gynaecological, gastro-intestinal, liver and gallbladder disorders . Location Therapeutic indications The salt baths of Sîngeorgiu de Mureß are situated in the valley of the Mureß River, in the Transylvanian Plain, 3km north-east of the city of Inflammatory rheumatic complaints: rheumatoid polyarthritis, Tîrgu-Mureß, in the direction of Reghin. They cover an area of more than spondylitis ankylopoetica; degenerative rheumatic complaints: arthrosis, 13 hectares, at an altitude of 320 metres . coxarthrosis, gonarthrosis, radiculopathy, static disorders of the spinal column and lower limbs; disorders affecting the soft tissues (abarticular); scapulohumeral and coxohumeral periarthritis, tendonitis, History fibromyalgia, etc; orthopedic complaints resulting from traumas: stiff In 1880, there was a small swimming pool here, supplied with water bones and joints resulting from fractures, stiffness after spinal fractures, from a natural spring at the ground level, whose waters were salty post-traumatic lesions of the tendons, muscle stiffness, post-traumatic and sulphurous in content . “Salty wells” are also recorded elsewhere circulatory and trophic disorders; peripheral neurological complaints: in the area in a document from 1888 . In 1902, a limited company neuralgia, neuropathy, paresis and paralysis of peripheral nerves, was established to develop and exploit the salt baths . In 1912, a polyneuritis; central nervous system complaints: post-stroke or brain- borehole for methane gas discovered salt water at a depth of 864 injury hemiparesis and hemiplegia . metres. A further two boreholes were then drilled. The Hungarian- language Erdély (Transylvania) magazine reported in the summer of TREATMENT FACILITIES the following year, 1913, that “more than one thousand people bathed at Sîngeorgiu in a single day.” The spa continued to grow, in particular Hydro-therapy (hot saltwater baths); thermo-therapy with silicone gel; after 1980 . electro-therapy (low-, medium- and interferential frequency currents, high-frequency currents, short waves, ultrasound); dry galvanotherapy; four-cell galvanic baths; magneto-therapy; laser-therapy; photo/therapy

32 Climate 22. SÎNGEORZ BÅI Moderate continental hill climate . The average annual temperature Year-round spa and climatic resort in Bistri†a Nåsåud county. is above 8°C (over 19°C in June, and below -4°C in January). The maximum precipitation is in early summer (over 90 mm in June). The Altitude 435 m . annual rainfall is around 650 mm LOCATION Natural therapeutic factors The resort is located at the edge of the Rodnei Mountains, on the upper Chlorate, sodic, iodate mineral waters with a content of 11 .4 mg/l and course of the Someßul Mare River, in a hilly region. mineralisation of 124 g/l; mineral mud. Mild bio-climate. HISTORY Therapeutic indications Documented in 1245 as Sanct Gurgh, Viennese officials marked Degenerative rheumatic complaints (cervical, dorsal and lumbar Sîngeorz-Båi as a on the 1700 Map of the Empire. Because of spondylosis, arthrosis, polyosis); abarticular rheumatic complaints its healing springs, it was decided in 1876 that the name of the resort (tendinosis, tendomiosis, tendoperiostosis); post-traumatic complaints should be changed to Hebe (after the goddess of eternal youth in Greek (post-traumatic stiffness of the joints, conditions resulting from fractures mythology). and sprains); peripheral neurological complaints (parestesis, neurogenic There were 5 springs in Sîngeorz-Båi in the early days of the spa, but muscular atrophy); gynaecological complaints (ovarian insufficiency, in 1951 spring no . 6 was opened, producing 65,000 litres per day . In chronic cervicitis); hypothyroidism; motor deficits of varying causes); 1958, springs nos. 7, 8 and 9 were discovered, sufficient for treatment post-traumatic complaints; obesity; regulatory disturbances of the and bottling purposes . superficial circulation; thermo-regulatory disturbances; habitual constipation; ear, nose and throat complaints (sinusitis, rhinopharingitis, CLIMATE acute and chronic tonsillitis); broncheopulmonary complaints (bronchial asthma, acute and chronic bronchitis); adaptation of capacity for Moderate continental hilly and montane climate . The annual average effort; amelioration of the co-ordination, control and balance function; temperature is 7 .5°C (the average for June is 18°C, and for January relaxation; improvement of posture; increasing joint flexibility; re- -5.5°C). The summers are cool, the winters cold. The annual average learning how to breathe . air humidity reaches 82%, and cloud cover is 6.0 tenths. The annual average precipitation is 800 mm . Treatment facilities Natural therapeutic factors Facilities for bathing in hot mineral waters; facilities for bathing in cold mineral waters and in open-air pools; facilities for aeroheliotherapy Bicarbonate, chlorate, sodic, calceous, magnesian, carbogaseous mineral waters; mineral mud; naturally occurring CO emissions and open-air anointment with mud; mud packs; salt baths in pools and 2 tubs; hydrotherapy (subaqueous douche and Scottish douche); aerosols; (moffeta). Mild, sedative bio-climate. kinetotherapy; massage; reflex therapy; electrotherapy (low-frequency currents, diadynamic currents, galvanic currents, galvanic baths); Therapeutic indications medium-frequency currents (interferential currents); high-frequency Digestive-tract complaints (chronic hypo-acidic and hyper-acidic currents (short waves); ultrasound; magnet therapy; laser therapy; gastritis, chronic duodenal and gastric ulcers, after-effects of operations phototherapy (ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation). to remove stomach ulcers, non-specific chronic constipation and chronic colitis); liver and gallbladder complaints (biliary dyskenesia, Accommodation chronic cholecistitis, with and without gallbladder stones, conditions 3- and 2-star hotels, 3-star pensions, 4-flower rural pensions, 3-star resulting from liver operations, chronic hepatitis, chronic pancreatitis); cabanas . metabolic and nutritional complaints (diabetes, hyperuricaemia, hyperlipemia, obesity); related disorders (respiratory, degenerative and Tourist attractions abarticular rheumatic, cardiovascular). Excursions to Tîrgu Mureß and Reghin. 33 TREATMENT FACILITIES 23. SLÅNIC MOLDOVA Mineral water drinking facilities for internal cures; facilities for hot mud Year-round spa and climatic resort in Bacåu County. packs and paraffin treatment; aerosol and inhalation therapy facilities; electro- and hydro-therapy facilities; moffeta; physiotherapy rooms; Altitude 530 m . medical massage . LOCATION ACCOMMODATION The resort lies on the western flank of the Eastern Carpathians, in the 2-star hotel, s-star pensions, 2-star villas, 3-star cabana. valley of the Slånic River, in an area of beech and fir forests, 18 km from Tîrgu Ocna. A large, tastefully laid-out park lends a special charm TOURIST ATTRACTIONS to the resort . The ruins of Ciceu and Rodnei castles HISTORY Roman Fort, Orheiu Bistri†ei The city has been documented since 1755 . The curative springs were Churches in Bistri†a – Orthodox, Reformed, Catholic; Synagogue discovered in 1801. In 1827 the first spa was built for the Moldavian boyars who came here to take the waters . It was destroyed during Monasteries: Nußeni, Piatra Fîntînele the First World War but reconstructed afterwards . In a short time, the Museums: Bistri†a County Museum, the Silversmith’s House and Andrei mineral springs of Slånic Moldova became renowned far and wide . In Mureßanu Memorial House (Bistri†a); Comparative Art Museum (Sîngeorz 1832 the first chemical analyses of the water were carried out, and in Båi), Sîngeorz Båi Museum, Liviu Rebreanu Memorial House; George 1877, the first bathing facilities were constructed. Coßbuc Memorial House; Íugålete – Bistri†a Museum Complex Caves: the Fairies’ Grotto, Zalion’s Cradle, Tåußoarelor Spring CLIMATE Lakes: Zagra, Big Lala and Small Lala, glacial tarns below the Ineu Slånic Moldova has a transitional climate between hill and montane, Summit, Colibi†a (Cåliman Mountains) with not very hot summers and mild winters . The annual average temperature is 7 .1°C (the average for June is 17 .8°C, and for January Nature reserves: Ineu - Lala, Rîpa Verde (Green Ravine), Piatra Corbului -4.2°C). The annual average precipitation reaches 600 mm, and cloud (Raven’s Rock) – Cålimani Mountains, Piatra Fîntînele – Bîrgåu cover is relatively low. In May-August and in October-November there Mountains, Stînca Iedului (Kid’s Crag) - Bujdei (Rodnei Mountains), is abundant rain (brief showers), September being the driest month. the Muddy Volcanoes (Monor), the Salt Mountain at Sårå†el, Poiana cu Located in a deep valley, the resort is sheltered from winds by forest- Narcise (Lent Lilies Glade) - Mogoßeni. clad slopes. The prevailing wind is south-westerly and can be felt in Ciocåneßti ethnographic area; the monasteries of northern Moldavia winter, refreshing the atmosphere with resinous aerosols . The number (Vorone†, Arbore, Moldovi†a, Putna); Bistri†a winegrowing region; the of clear days is as many as 293 per year . stud farm at Beclean; Maramureß (the Izei Valley), the Merry Cemetery at Såpîn†a. Natural therapeutic factors Mineral waters from the spa’s more than twenty springs have been chemically classified into the following groups: chloro-sodic, alkaline, carbogaseous, mildly sulphurous, bromate, iodate mineral waters (springs nos. 1 bis, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15); alkaline, chloro/ sodic, carbo-gaseous, hypotone mineral waters (Cinget Spring); alkaline, low carbo-gaseous mineral waters (Cascada Spring); ferrous, carbogaseous mineral waters (springs no. 14 and Chercheß); vitriolic- ferrous mineral waters (spring no. 8 bis) and vitriolic-silicate mineral waters (spring no. 5); oligomineral mineral waters (300 Steps Spring). The salt-mine micro-climate at Tîrgu Ocna, where patients with respiratory complaints are transported from the spa (in the salt mine, the air temperature is a constant 12°C, the air pressure 731 mmHg, 34 Slånic Moldova and the air humidity - 60-80%). In addition, there are no allergens, • Buhußi: the Weaving and Felt Museum (housed in the eighteenth- and a high concentration of sodium, calcium and chlorine aerosols; century Buhußi Manor); the twelfth-century Ciolpani Monastery, the there is a higher concentration of carbon dioxide compared with that oldest wooden monastery in Moldavia . Runcu: Runcu Monastery, built at the surface, resulting in physiological stimulation of the respiratory in 1457 by Stephen the Great. centre). Mild, sedative bio-climate. • Comåneßti: the Ghica Palace (1790). • Moineßti: South Moldavian Oil Industry Museum; the Heroes of the Therapeutic indications War of Independence Monument 1877-1878. Digestive tract complaints (chronic hyper-acidic gastritis, gastric • Oneßti: The Church of the Dormition of the Theotokos, built in 1493 and duodenal ulcers a minimum of three months after the painful by Stephen the Great; the Stone Bridge built the period of Stephen the phase, conditions following stomach operations, non-specific chronic Great, the oldest in Romania. colitis); live and gallbladder complaints (biliary dyskinesia, chronic • Parincea: Parincea Monastery, founded in 1702. cholecistitis with or without gallbladder stones, conditions following • Ítefan cel Mare Village: Bogdana Monastery, built in 1670. liver operations and cholecistectomy); respiratory tract complaints • Tescani: the Georges Enesco Memorial Museum. (allergic asthma, chronic tracheobronchitis, bronchiectasis, pulmonary • Dårmåneßti: yew forest (3-hectare forest reservation), Poiana Uzului emphysema, chronic sinusitis); metabolic and nutritional complaints Dam and Reservoir . (mild and middling forms of diabetes, obesity); kidney and urinary • Caßin: Tårcåtoarea (game reserve of 30 hectares, hunting-lodge, trout tract complaints; peripheral neurological complaints; post-traumatic farm). complaints; related complaints (degenerative or abarticular rheumatism, cardiovascular, endocrine and gynaecological complaints, occupational illnesses, asthenic neurosis). 24. SLÅNIC PRAHOVA TREATMENT FACILITIES Year-round spa and climatic resort in Prahova county. Facilities for internal cures using mineral waters; respiratory therapy Altitude 413 m . facilities (apparatuses for aerosol and inhalation therapy using mineral waters and pharmaceutical substances); underground sanatorium LOCATION with salt-mine micro-climate at Tîrgu Ocna; facilities for bathing in hot mineral waters; complex electro- and hydro-therapy facilities; medical The resort is located in the sub-Carpathians, in the valley of the Slånic physiotherapy rooms, massage; mofetta. Stream, in a forested area 45 km from Ploießti.

ACCOMMODATION HISTORY 3-, 2- and 1-star hotels, 4- and 2- star pensions, 3-star villas, 3- and Salt has been mined in Slånic Prahova for over three centuries, making 1-star rooms to rent. it the most recent of Romania’s salt mines . The earliest historical record attesting the existence of Slånic dates back to 1532, and the TOURIST ATTRACTIONS second oldest document dates from 1685, when Mihai Cantacuzino the Spatharius purchased half of the Slånic domain to open a salt mine The Casino, built in 1894, which is an architectural monument; Slånic there. The earliest mine workings date from 1688, in Valea Verde (Green Waterfall (599 m altitude), the 300 Steps on Dobru Hill, 826 m altitude. Valley), and between 1689 and 1691 the same Mihai Cantacuzino In the vicinity: opened another mine in Baia Baciului . In 1713, the Spatharius donated • Bacåu: The Iulian Antonescu County History Museum; the County Art his domain in Slånic along with its salt mines to the Col†ea Monastery in and Ethnography Museum; the County Natural Sciences Museum; the Bucharest . Vasile Anestin Astronomy Complex; the ruins of the Princely Court, In 1912, electricity was introduced to the mines, ending manual built in 1481 as a capital for Wallachia by Alexandru, the son of labour, and other modernisation work was carried out . In 1914, Stephen the Great; the Precista Royal Church, built in the Moldavian because of the collapse of a salt mine situated deep within the style in 1491 mountain, Lacul Miresii (Bride’s Lake) formed (20 m deep), also known as Grota Miresii (Bride’s Grotto).

36 CLIMATE Muntele Verde (Green Mountain), with its brightly coloured volcanic turf, especially after rain, is a nature reserve . Forested hill and montane climate . The annual average temperature is 9°C, with pleasant summers (the average for July is 19.5°C) and The Salt-mining Museum can be visited in the Cåmåråßiei House, a relatively mild winters (the average for January is -3.5°C). The annual historic monument built in the late eighteenth century and completely average precipitation is 750 mm . Due to its intermontane position, the renovated between 2002 and 2003. Bride’s Lake or Grotto (425 square resort enjoys a sheltered topo-climate. metres, 20 m deep), formed in 1914 when an old salt mine collapsed. Crasna Monastery . Natural therapeutic factors Concentrated, chlorate-sodic mineral water from the lakes; therapeutic mud extracted from the Baia Baciului (Head Shepherd’s Mine) and Baia 25. SOVATA Porcilor (Pigs’ Mine) lakes; salt-mine micro-climate in the Unirea mine workings Mild, vaguely sedative bio-climate. Year-round spa and climatic resort in Mureß County. Altitude 475-530 m. Therapeutic indications Degenerative rheumatic complaints (cervical, dorsal and lumbar LOCATION spondylosis, arthrosis and polyarthrosis); abarticular rheumatic The resort is located on the western flank of the Gurghiu Mountains, complaints (tendinosis, tendomiosis, tendoperiostosis, scapulohumeral among forested peaks and tributaries of the Tîrnava Micå River. periarthritis); post-traumatic conditions (post-traumatic stiffness of the joints, conditions resulting from operations on the joints, muscles HISTORY or bones, conditions resulting from fractures, sprains and luxations); peripheral neurological complaints (paresis and after-effects of A year-round resort, Sovata was mentioned for the first time polyneuropathy); gynaecological complaints (ovarian insufficiency, as a place with healing virtues in a document dating back to 1597 . cervicitis, chronic metroanexita); respiratory complaints (chronic In the eighteenth century, the inhabitants of Sovata village and the bronchitis and tracheobronchitis, bronchiectasis, allergic asthma); surrounding areas used the salt water for bathing, but it was not until related complaints (occupational illnesses). 1850 that it became a spa resort .

TREATMENT FACILITIES CLIMATE Facilities for bathing in hot mineral water; facilities for hot mud packs; Intermontane depression climate, with relatively mild winters and cool facilities for vaginal irrigation using mineral water; facilities for cold mud summers . The annual average temperature is 7 6. °C (in August, the packs followed by swimming in the lake; facilities for aeroheliotherapy; hottest temperature for the resort is 17 5. °C, and in January the coldest facilities for treatment of respiratory tract complaints in the micro- is -3.7°C). Moderate northerly winds. The annual precipitation reaches climate of the Unirea salt mine; electro-therapy facilities; medical 755 mm . physiotherapy room, medical massage . NATURAL THERAPEUTIC FACTORS ACCOMMODATION Curative factors include heliothermal lakes (for example, Ursu Lake), 4-, 3- and 2-star hotels, 4-, 3-, 2- and 1-star pensions, 3-flower rural clayey, siliceous mud (Aluniß Lake), sapropelic mud (Negru Lake), pensions, 3- and 2-star villas, 1-star tourist hostel. and the invigorating bio-climate resulting from pure air charged with aerosols and negative ions . TOURIST ATTRACTIONS The highly concentrated chlorate-sodic mineral water from the The salt mountain of Slånic Prahova is situated within the built-up area heliothermal lakes has a temperature that varies between 30 and of the town of Slånic, the entrance being located on Baia Baciului Street . 40°C in summer, at 1 m deep, and 40-50°C at a depth of 1.5 m; the In 1954, it was declared a geological and geomorphologic natural concentration ranges from 40 to 250%. Sapropelic mud from the lakes. reserve. The former Unirea Mine, which has fourteen galleries at a Mild bio-climate. depth of 220 m, houses two halls used as an underground sanatorium . 37 Therapeutic indications HISTORY Gynaecological complaints (ovarian insufficiency, cervicitis, chronic Salt has been mined for thousands of years in Turda, or Potaissa, as it metroanexita, secondary sterility); degenerative rheumatic disorders was called in Roman times. First recorded in 1705, the present-day town (cervical, dorsal and lumbar spondylosis, arthrosis, polyarthrosis); of Turda resulted from the gradual integration of a number of smaller inflammatory rheumatic complaints (allergies in the joints); abarticular mediaeval settlements. The Roman-era baths are mentioned in documents rheumatic complaints (tendinosis, tendomiosis, tendoperiostosis, dating from the Middle Ages, and up until the seventeenth century they scapulohumeral periarthritis); post-traumatic complaints (post-traumatic were known as “the Turda salt mines”. Nearby, there are fifteen natural stiffness of the joints, conditions resulting from operations on the joints, lakes, formed by mine ceilings caving in and flooding the galleries. muscles or bones, conditions resulting from fractures, sprains and The idea of founding a bathing establishment arose after a chemical luxations); peripheral neurological complaints (mild paresis, after-effects analysis of data of the Roman lake water was carried out . A company of polyneuropathy, after-effects of poliomyelitis); related complaints formed for this purpose built the first facilities on the shore of the lake (endocrine, cardiovascular, asthenic neurosis, metabolic and nutritional in 1840 . These facilities consisted of two rooms for bathing, with a disorders, occupational illnesses). further fourteen having been added by 1843 . In 1880, the baths were TREATMENT FACILITIES nationalised. Trees were planted on the slopes and a thirty-room hotel, restaurant and an amusement pavilion were built . The bathing facilities Facilities for hot baths in tubs and pools using saline mineral water; were modernised, incorporating twelve tubs . hot mud pack facilities; facilities for gynaecological treatment (vaginal irrigation using mineral water and vaginal tampons using mud); pools Beginning in 1931, Turda Town Hall set about improving the salt lakes . for kinetotherapy; electro- and hydro-therapy; medical physiotherapy The Roman lake was dredged, the banks reinforced, and the hot-water room, medical massage; facilities and facilities for aeroheliotherapy and bathing facilities were modernised . Two hundred cabins and a sandy outdoor bathing in the Ursu and Aluniß lakes. beach were built on the western bank of the lake .

ACCOMMODATION CLIMATE 4-, 3- and 2-star hotels, 3-star motel, 5-, 4-, 3- and 2-star pensions, Intermontane depression climate . The annual average temperature is 3-flower rural pensions, 3- and 2-star cabanas, 2-star cottages, 1-star about 9°C (in June, it is around 19.5°C, and in January around -4.5°C). tourist hostel . The annual precipitation is about 550 mm .

TOURIST ATTRACTIONS Natural therapeutic factors Praid (salt mine and Salt Mountain, the Mining Museum), the Bicaz Chlorate-sodic mineral waters from resort’s the concentrated salt lakes; Gorges, departing from Gheorgheni. fossil sapropelic mud extracted from the lake; mild bio-climate. Tîrgu Mureß (the Teleki House, a Baroque architectural monument; the Bolyai Library, with 55,000 volumes; the Teleki Library, with 65 Therapeutic indications incunables, 44 princeps editions, and 1,200 printed titles from the Degenerative rheumatic complaints (cervical, dorsal and lumbar fifteenth to the sevententh centuries); Sighißoara (mediaeval walled spondylosis, arthrosis, polyarthrosis); abarticular rheumatic complaints town, from the fourteenth-sixteenth centuries, the fourteenth-century (tendinosis, tendomiosis, tendoperiostosis, scapulohumeral periarthritis); Clock Tower, the Church on the Hill). peripheral neurological complaints (mild paresis, minor stiffness following polyneuropathy, after-effects of poliomyelitis); post-traumatic complaints (post-traumatic stiffness of the joints, conditions resulting 26. TURDA from sprains and fractures); cardiovascular complaints (varicose veins); gynaecological complaints (ovarian insufficiency, chronic cervicitis). Seasonal spa and climatic resort in Cluj County . Altitude 350 m . TREATMENT FACILITIES LOCATION Facilities for bathing in hot salt water; electro-therapy facilities; medical The resort is situated in the Arieß valley, in a hilly region 4 km from massage; aeroheliotherapy facilities; cold mud packs followed by Turda and 30 km from the city of Cluj . bathing in the lake; outdoor saltwater pools. 38 Sovata, Ursu Lake ACCOMMODATION establishment was built at Vatra Dornei . In the late nineteenth century, modernisation and improvement of the resort commenced: more 4- and 3-star hotels, 3- and 2-star pensions, 4-star villas. springs were harnessed, peat mud treatment became available, and, most importantly, modern bathing facilities were built in 1895 . Vatra TOURIST ATTRACTIONS Dornei was declared a town in the 1900s . The bathing facilities were Turda Palace (a former princely residence, today the History Museum) completely destroyed by retreating German troops in 1944, meaning is the most significant cultural centre and mediaeval architectural the resort had to be almost entirely rebuilt . After 1970, the capacity of monument in Turda . The History Museum houses numerous historical the resort increased greatly (to around 5,000 beds), with some hotels artefacts discovered during archaeological digs in Potaissa, the Roman boasting their own treatment facilities . castrum of the Fifth Macedonian Legion. The Roman fort was preserved intact well into the Middle Ages . CLIMATE Other tourist attractions near the resort Vatra Dornei has a continental intermontane depression climate, with The Turda salt mine covers 45 square kilometres and is the oldest in cool summers and cold winters . The annual average temperature is Europe, dating back to Roman times . The mine galleries are open to the 5.2°C (the average for July is 15.2°C, and for January -6°C), lower than public and concerts are sometimes given within the mine . Aerosol therapy in other regions at the same altitude . The annual average precipitation is also available inside the mine . The mine has been declared a museum is 670-800 mm, the number of days of snow reaching 120 per year. and is regarded as the best-preserved ancient salt mine in Europe. The annual average cloud-cover reaches approximately 6.0-6.5 tenths, with the sunniest days occurring in June, August and September . The Turda Zoo is located next to the Turda Bathing Complex, and was average air humidity is higher in winter (November-February) and lower founded in 1953 . It covers fourteen hectares, including a deer park . in late spring and in summer . The average air pressure is 693 mm . The There is also an aquarium, and a museum of taxidermy . forested surrounding mountains shelter the resort from strong winds . In the same area there is also a botanical reserve . The Turda Gorges, 6 km west of Turda, are a monument of nature rich Natural therapeutic factors in flora and fauna, and were declared a nature reserve in 1938. Carbogaseous, ferruginous, low bicarbonate, calceous, magnesian, The ruins of the Potaissa Roman Fort overlook Turda, and date from 168 hypotone mineral waters; peat mud transported from Poiana Stampei A .D . and used for mud baths and mud packs; high purity borehole mofetta CO2; tonic, stimulatory mountain bio-climate. Therapeutic indications 27.VATRA DORNEI Cardiovascular complaints (conditions following myocardial infarction in Year-round spa and climatic resort in Suceava County. the post-convalescence stage; ischemic cardiomyopathy, compensated Altitude 802 m . mitral and aortic insufficiency; arterial hypertensions, peripheral arteriopathy from arterosclerosis, varicose veins); degenerative rheumatic complaints (cervical, dorsal and lumbar spondylosis; arthrosis LOCATION and polyarthrosis); abarticular rheumatic complaints (tendinosis, The resort is located in northern Romania, at the confluence of the tendomiosis, tendoperiostosis, scapulohumeral periarthritis); post- Dorna and Bistri†a rivers, in one of the most beautiful depressions in traumatic complaints (post-traumatic stiffness of the joints, conditions the Eastern Carpathians, also known as the Dorne Land, 40 km from following operations on the muscles, bones and joints, conditions Cîmpulung Moldovenesc, 110 km from Suceava and 83 km from following fractures and sprains); peripheral and central neurological Bistri†a. conditions (mild paresis, minor after-effects of polyneuropathy, late- occurring after-effects of hemiperesis and paraparesis, two years HISTORY after onset); related disorders (respiratory, endocrine, digestive tract complaints, gynaecological, metabolic and nutritional disorders, The resort dates back to the fourteenth century, and its mineral asthenic neurosis, occupational illnesses). waters have been famous and prized since 1800 (at Poiana Negri, 50,000 bottles had been bottled by 1812). In 1845, the first bathing 40 TREATMENT FACILITIES HISTORY Facilities for bathing in hot carbogaseous water in tubs; facilities for In 1439, Va†a de jos was recorded as Wattya in an act issued by King bathing in hot mud and mud packs; water drinking facilities for internal Albert, who donated the estate to Serbian prince Gheorghe Brankovic cures using mineral waters; artificial mofetta facilities; electro- and in gratitude for his assistance during the war against the Turks . At hydro-therapy facilities; mecanotherapy; aerosol therapy facilities; the beginning of the twentieth century, King Carol II often stayed at medical physiotherapy room, medical massage; open-air cures. Castle Såvîrßin when he was taking the cure at Va†a. The present-day treatment facility was used up until 2010 exclusively as a recovery ACCOMMODATION centre for Romanian soldiers . 4-, 3-, and 2-star hotels, 3- and 2-star hostels, 3-star motels, 4-, 3- and 2-star pensions, 3-, 2- and 1-star villas, 2-star cottages, 2-star CLIMATE campsite, 1-star cabana. Moderate continental hill and montane climate . The annual average temperature is 9.5°C, with an average of 20°C in June, and -2°C in TOURIST ATTRACTIONS January . The annual average precipitation is 750 mm . The forested surrounding hills shelter the resort from strong winds . For those looking for an active holiday, Vatra Dornei offers numerous activities: backpacking, excursions to the monasteries of Bukovina, fishing on the Bistri†a River, sky-diving in Suhard, rafting, mountain biking Natural therapeutic factors in the Dorne Depression, and in winter there are ski slopes of medium Sulphurous, chlorate, sodic, calceous, thermal mineral waters difficulty, with cable-car access, a skating rink and sledging course, and (35-38,5°C); mild bio-climate. on Runc Mountain there is off-piste skiing. The tourist attractions in the surrounding area include the Bukovina Ethnographic Museum, housed in Therapeutic indications the Town Hall, and Hunting and Natural Sciences Museum . Degenerative rheumatic complaints (cervical, dorsal and lumbar A few kilometres from Vatra Dornei there can be found a number of spondylosis, arthrosis, polyarthrosis); rheumatic complaints Orthodox monasteries remarkable for their age and architecture: Putna, (tendomiosis, tendoperiostosis, scapulohumeral periarthritis); peripheral Sucevi†a (1581 - 1601), Moldovi†a (1532), Vorone† (1488), Humor neurological complaints (mild paresis, after-effects of polyneuropathy); (1530), etc. All of them are unique monuments of Romanian Feudal asthenic neurosis; gynaecological complaints (minor disturbances Art, with interior and exterior murals . The Piatra Tåieturii Monastery, of puberty or the menopause); liver and gallbladder complaints; Mestecåniß Convent, Podu Coßnei Convent, and the Holy Skepi of the cardiovascular conditions; metabolic and nutritional disorders; related Theotokos Convent are also within easy reach . complaints (occupational illnesses). The mediaeval-style “Dracula’s Castle” is 40 km from Vatra Dornei, on the Tihu†a Pass, in Piatra Fîntînele village. It is said that Count Dracula TREATMENT FACILITIES lived here (tourists can visit the crypt with his remains and some Facilities for bathing in hot mineral water; under water douches; aerosol personal effects). therapy; sauna Electro-therapy facilities (diadynamic, interferential and galvanic currents), ionising, infra-red ultra-violet, electro-stimulation, ultra- 28. VAˇA DE JOS sound, short wave, and laser therapies, magneto-therapy, outdoor pool for cold baths and a solarium for aeroheliotherapy . Year-round spa and climatic resort in Hunedoara County. Altitude 233 m . ACCOMMODATION LOCATION 4- and 3-star hotels, 3- and 1-star pensions Va†a de jos is situated in the Crißului Alb valley, on the northern flank of TOURIST ATTRACTIONS the Zarandului Mountains, in the depression of the same name, 19 km from Brad, 58 km from Deva, 142 km from Oradea, and 139 km from The traditional wood carvers of Ocißor; Bulzeßti trout farm Arad . Va†a de Jos 1. Basarabasa (wooden church) → Pråvåleni (Cremenea 41 Hill and the Petrified Forest; Vramni†å Watermill)→ Ciungani (the late- 29. VOINEASA sixteenth-century Church of the Annunciation, with murals daring from 1777; Izvorul cu Leac (the Healing Spring)) Year-round spa and climatic resort in Vîlcea County. 2. Va†a de Sus (monument dedicated to Father Arsenie Boca; limestone Altitude 580-640 m. quarry) → Cåzåneßti (historic wooden church, painted by Iohan Io†a in 1828)→ Ponor (calcite quarry) → Obîrßa (Arad county) → Såvîrßin LOCATION (Arad county). The resort is situated in the Lotru Valley, between the Cåpå†înii and the 3.Prihodißte (Peßtera Liliecilor (Bats Cave)) → Tåtåråßtii de Criß → Birtin Lotrului Mountains, 36 km from Brezoi. (historic church) → Baia de Criß. Baia de Criß – the Zarand the county prefecture building; the obelisk of HISTORY Avram Iancu; the Cross of Iancu; the Avram Iancu Museum; the Roman- The resort is first recorded in 1520, in a chrysoboulion (golden bull) from Catholic church . the reign of Neagoe Basarab, the Prince of Wallachia, and in another ˇebea: Orthodox church; the Avram Iancu holm oak; the bust of Avram issued by John Zapolia, the Voivode of Transylvania, when the two Iancu; the tomb of Avram Iancu, Ion Buteanu and other Transylvanian rulers decided upon the border between Wallachia and Transylvania . revolutionaries of 1848; the Flag with the faces of Iancu, Horea, Cloßca After 1774, some shepherds from the Sibiu region settled in Voineasa, and Crißan and in 1908 the settlement was officially recognised as a village. After the construction of the Lotru-Ciunget hydroelectric power plant in 1960, Tomeßti: Íteia (traditional pumpkinseed oil press) → Tomeßti (small the Voineasa and the Vidra resorts were built . pottery workshops) → Tiuleßti → Leau† → Dobro† → Obîrßa: small pottery workshops specific to the Crißana region); master potters’ fair, in the last Sunday of July . CLIMATE Voineasa has a montane corridor climate, with cool summers and cold Bulzeßtii de Sus: Bulzeßtii de Jos (nineteenth-century Church of the winters. The annual average temperature is around 6 - 7°C. The annual Archangels) → Bulzeßtii de Sus (Church of St John Chrysostom, from average precipitation reaches 800-900 mm, and is more abundant in 1848; Grohotului Gorges; Podul Grohotului; rapids used for washing spring and early summer. The prevailing winds are north-westerly. woollen fabrics; Påstråvåria (trout farm)) → Muntele Gåina (Hen Mountain) (the annual maids’ market). Natural therapeutic factors Ribi†a 1. Historic churches: Ribi†a – fourteenth-century Church of St Nicholas → Crißan - Crißan Monastery Church → Dumbrava de Jos: Tonic, stimulatory mountain climate, without dust or allergens . the Church of the nineteenth-century Dormition of the Theotokos. Church of St Nicholas, Dumbrava de Sus (1848) 2. Ribi†a → Ribicioara , Therapeutic indications eighteenth-century church of St Parascheva , Ribicioara’s Gorges. Asthenic neurosis in the hyperactive form, convalescence, exhaustion, Tîrnava de Criß (historic church), anaemia, hyperthyroidism in the incipient form, respiratory complaints . Brad: Gold Museum, with artefacts from mining history, the only museum of gold in Europe . TREATMENT FACILITIES Herbal baths in tubs; aerosol and inhalation therapy facilities; Excursions: tour of Hunedoara County (Oråßtie – Simeria – Deva – Ha†eg paraffin packs; electro-therapy facilities; medical massage; medical – the Church at Densuß - Hunedoara) physiotherapy rooms . Historic remains of Sarmisegetuza ACCOMMODATION 4-, 2- and 1-star hotels; 3- and 2-star villas, 3- and 2-star pensions, 2-flower rural pensions, 3-star bungalows, 2-star tourist hostel, 2-star cabana

42 TOURIST ATTRACTIONS and westerly. Low-speed sea and land breezes can be felt on the shore. The annual average precipitation is 380 ml . Cozia Monastery is one of the oldest historic monuments in Romania, and has preserved original features from the time of its construction, between 1387 and 1391. It is of great historical and artistic significance Natural therapeutic factors for its murals, carvings and architecture . Concentrated salt water from Techirghiol Lake; seawater; sapropelic Peßtera Muierii (the Woman’s Cave) in Baia de Fier village, which has mud from Techirghiol Lake; maritime bio-climate rich in saline aerosols four level galleries, extending for a total length of 3,600 metres . and solar radiation, with a stimulatory effect on the body . Excursions to the Lotrului Waterfalls, the Latori†a Forest nature reserve Therapeutic indications (in the Latori†ei Gorge to the south-west of Voineasa village, 25 km away), and Ciunget Dam and Vidra Reservoir on Lotru River (Vidra is Degenerative rheumatic complaints (cervical, dorsal and lumbar the highest altitude reservoir in Romania). There is trout fishing on the spondylosis); inflammatory rheumatic complaints (allergies in the joints Brådißor and Målaia lakes. The Jidoacei Gorge and the lake of the same following acute rheumatism of the joints or localised infection, ankylosing name are located approximately 12 km north-east of Voineasa, on the spondylitis, psoriatic arthropathy, rheumatoid polyarthritis); abarticular upper course of the Voineßi†a River. rheumatic complaints (tendinosis, tendomiosis, tendoperiostosis, scapulohumeral periarthritis); post-traumatic complaints (post-traumatic Peßtera Laptelui (Milk Cave) is located about 20 km south of Voineasa, stiffness of the joints, conditions resulting from operations on the in Rudåresei Valley (a branch of the Latori†ei River). The fossils muscles, tendons, joints and bones, conditions resulting from sprains and discovered here are exhibited in the Vîlcea County History Museum. fractures); peripheral neurological complaints (post-traumatic paralysis and paresis of the limbs, polyneuropathy after the acute phase, after- effects of polyradiculoneuritis, after-effects of poliomyelitis); central 30. EFORIE NORD nervous system disorders (paraparesis following myelitis a minimum of three months from onset, paraparesis following arachnoiditis); Year-round spa and climatic resort in Constan†a county. gynaecological complaints (ovarian insufficiency, chronic cervicitis, Altitude 6 - 20 m. chronic metroanexita, secondary sterility); skin complaints; respiratory complaints; related disorders (ear, nose and throat, cardiovascular, LOCATION endocrine, metabolic and nutritional, occupational illnesses). Situated between the Black Sea coast and Techirghiol Lake, 14 km TREATMENT FACILITIES south of Constan†a. The resort has a long sea front with a bluff more than thirty metres high . The beach, more than 3 km long, is in parts Facilities for bathing in hot concentrated saltwater from Techirghiol more than 100 m wide . The more than 30 hectares of trees within the Lake using tubs and pools, for use in medical recuperation; facilities resort freshen the air . for bathing in hot mud and hot mud packs; facilities for gynaecological treatment; aerosol therapy facilities; kinetotherapy reservoirs; complex HISTORY electro- and hydro-therapy facilities; medical physiotherapy rooms; medical massage; sauna. The Bucharest Wardenship (Eforie) of Civil Hospitals founded a sanatorium spa here in 1894 . In addition, a wooden bathing pavilion was built, which ACCOMMODATION existed up until 1904 . The resort began to expand in earnest after 1960, and is now the second largest on the Black Sea coast . 4-, 3-, 2- and 1-star hotels, 3- and 2-star hostel, 5-, 4-, 3- and 2-star villas, 3- and 2-star pensions, 2-star bungalows, 1-star tourist hostel. CLIMATE TOURIST ATTRACTIONS Coastal maritime climate . The annual average temperature is 11 .2°C (above 22°C in July, and 0°C in January). Winters are mild with sparse Outdoor cinema and theatre, sports fields, pools. snow. In summer time, there is 10-12 hours of sunshine a day, with a TOURIST ATTRACTIONS on the coast and in Dobrudja total of 2,400 hours a year . The wind blows almost constantly, with an Constan†a: National Museum of History and Archaeology; Roman mosaic annual average speed of 4 m/s. The prevailing winds are north-easterly from the third century; Roman town wall; Constan†a Art Museum; 43 Military Museum; Romanian Naval Museum; the Grand Mosque (built and buildings around the lake and erected a public fountain in the in 1822, in the Byzantine-Egyptian style, with Romanian influences); town and an Orthodox chapel in Tuzla. Among the prominent visitors to the Casino (built in 1909 in the French Baroque style, with Rococo Techirghiol was Mircea Eliade, whose parents bought the Villa Claudia elements); the Aquarium; the Dolphinarium; the Astronomy Complex in 1906 . The great artist Constantin Tånase built a sanatorium for artists (planetarium, astronomic observatory, solar station); the Constan†a (the Villa Scena), and donated money to the building of the Community painted tomb; the Íu†u Villa; the Ovidiu Theatre; the Genoese Lighthouse Centre and of St Elijah Church . In the ’20s, Cezar Petrescu, Tudor (fourteenth-century); the statue of Ovid; the Tomis recreational port. Arghezi and their families were frequent visitors . Ionel Teodoreanu Excursions wrote many of his novels at Techirghiol . The ruins of the ancient city of Histria; the Danube Delta; Reazem Lake; CLIMATE at Gura Porti†ei (located on a narrow sand bank, between the Black Sea and Golovi†a Lake, in the Danube Delta); the Danube-Black Sea Canal. Maritime coastal climate . Clear skies are predominant, with more than 2,400 hours of sunshine a year . The air temperature is a little bit higher The Dobrudja Gorges, 45 km north-west of Constan†a, (the remains of in summe time than that of other seaside resorts, but in wintertime the coral reefs from the vanished Thetis Sea are a curiosity of nature) climate is milder; the annual average temperature is 11°C (in June it is Callatis Mangalia Castle 22-23°C, and in January -0.5°C). The annual average air pressure is 764.3 mm. Low precipitation, less then 400 mm. Sea breezes are less Murfatlar – visits to the wine cellar and wine tasting, visits to local palpable than on the shore, but instead there is a lake breeze . The wind monasteries (sites of archaeological and Christian importance), the speed is quite low, and the prevailing winds are north-easterly, south- Dobrudja Viniculture Museum easterly and westerly . Adamclisi – the ruins of the Tropaeum Traiani triumphal arch, built in 109 A .D . to mark the victories of the Emperor Trajan, the ruins of the Natural therapeutic factors Roman Civitas Tropaensium . The concentrated saltwater of Techirghiol Lake; sapropelic mud Ostrov: the ruins of the Dervent Roman-Byzantine fortress extracted from Techirghiol Lake; stimulating/bracing steppe bio-climate, Íipotele village: the Dobrudja orchid forest, a monument of nature with maritime influences.

Therapeutic indications 31. TECHIRGHIOL Degenerative rheumatic complaints (cervical, dorsal and lumbar spondylosis); inflammatory rheumatic complaints (allergies in Year-round spa and climatic resort in Constan†a County. the joints following acute rheumatism of the joints of localised Altitude 15-20 m. infections, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthopathy, rheumatoid polyarthritis following orthopaedic surgery); abarticular rheumatic LOCATION complaints (tendinosis, tendomiosis, tendoperiostosis, scapulohumeral periarthritis); post-traumatic complaints (post-traumatic stiffness of the The resort is located on the north-western shore of Techirghiol Lake, joints, conditions resulting from operations on the muscles, tendons, in a valley surrounded by low hills, 2 .5 km from Eforie Sud and 18 km joints and bones, conditions resulting from sprains and fractures); from Constan†a. peripheral neurological conditions (post-traumatic paralysis and paresis of the limbs polyneuropathy after the acute phase, after-effects of HISTORY polyradiculoneuritis, after-effects of poliomyelitis); central nervous The site was documented in 1560 as Tekfür-köy in firmans Sultan system disorders (paraparesis following myelitis a minimum of three Suleiman the Magnificent sent to the Moldavian prince. Written months after onset, post-traumatic paraparesis a minimum of three information about the therapeutic effects of the lake and its mud date months after onset, paraparesis following arachnoiditis); gynaecological back to 1854. Ottoman military commander Said Pasha pitched camp complaints (ovarian insufficiency, chronic cervicitis, chronic in Techirghiol, where he bathed in local mud, on the recommendation metroanexita, secondary sterility); skin complaints; related disorders of the locals . He was pleasantly surprised by the miraculous effects (ear, nose and throat, cardiovascular, endocrine, metabolic, nutritional the treatment had on his sick arm . Mihail Kogålniceanu bought land and respiratory, occupational illnesses).

44 Eforie Nord - therapeutic procedures TREATMENT FACILITIES Techirghiol; maritime bio-climate, rich in saline aerosols and solar radiation, with an bracing, stimulatory effect . Facilities for bathing in tubs or pools using hot concentrated saltwater from Techirghiol Lake; aerosol therapy facilities; facilities for bathing in hot mud and hot mud packs; electro- and hydro-therapy facilities; Therapeutic indications medical physiotherapy room, medical massage. On the shore of the Degenerative rheumatic complaints (cervical, dorsal and lumbar lake there is an outdoor treatment facility, with equipment for aerosol, spondylosis); inflammatory rheumatic complaints (allergies in the mudpack and bathing therapy . joints following acute rheumatism of the joints of localised infections, biologically stabilised rheumatoid polyarthritis or with moderate ACCOMMODATION inflammatory activity following orthopaedic surgery); abarticular rheumatic complaints (tendinosis, tendomiosis, tendoperiostosis, 2-star Techirghiol spa sanatorium, 2-star hotels, 3-star pensions, 3-, scapulohumeral periarthritis); post-traumatic complaints (post-traumatic 2- and 1-star villas. stiffness of the joints, conditions resulting from operations on the muscles, tendons, joints and bones, conditions resulting from sprains TOURIST ATTRACTIONS and fractures); peripheral neurological conditions (post-traumatic Touristic attractions on the coast and in Dobrudja may be visited . paralysis and paresis of the limbs polyneuropathy after the acute phase, See Eforie Nord . after-effects of polyradiculoneuritis, after-effects of poliomyelitis); central nervous system disorders (paraparesis following myelitis a minimum of three months after onset, post-traumatic paraparesis a minimum of three months after onset, paraparesis following 32. NEPTUN arachnoiditis); gynaecological complaints (ovarian insufficiency, chronic Year-round spa and climatic resort in Constan†a County. cervicitis, chronic metroanexita, secondary sterility); skin complaints; related disorders (endocrine, metabolic, nutritional and respiratory, skin Altitude 5 – 20 m . complaints, occupational illnesses).

LOCATION TREATMENT FACILITIES Neptun resort is situated on the Black Sea coast, 38 km from Constan†a Facilities for bathing in tubs and pools using hot seawater; facilities for and 7 km north of Mangalia, in an area relatively rich with vegetation hot mud packs; inhalation and aerosol therapy facilities; electro- and (Comorova Forest, with numerous southern species), and is considered hydro-therapy facilities; medical physiotherapy room, medical massage. to be the garden of the Romanian sea coast . ACCOMMODATION HISTORY 4-, 3-, 3- and 1-star hotels, 3- and 2-star hostels, 1-star tourist hostel, The Neptun resort was built in the early ’70s, followed by the northern 4-, 3-, 2- and 1-star villas, 3-star holiday village, treatment centre. part, Olimp, finished in 1972. TOURIST ATTRACTIONS CLIMATE Recreation: outdoor cinema, summer theatre, Neptun bazaar, Maritime coastal climate, influenced by the proximity of Comorova esplanade, multi-functional sports fields, two mini-golf courses, an Forest . The annual average temperature is 11 .2°C (the June average is amusement park, facilities for nautical sports, and a holiday village . 22°C and the January average 0°C). Low precipitation, with an annual Restaurants with a wide range of local food, fish specialities, and average of about 400 mm . In the summertime, there is sunshine for folkloric entertainment. Water sports at sea or on Lake Neptun. The “La twelve hours a day . Steaguri” beach is one of the most beautiful on the seacoast, with fine sand and a very gently sloping entrance into the sea, which has a sandy Natural therapeutic factors bottom, and excellent amenities . Seawater, with a mineralisation of 15.5 g/l; sulphurous, mesothermal Touristic objectives on the coast and in Dobrudja can be visited . See mineral water; sapropelic mud extracted and transported from Eforie Nord .

46 Neptun - therapeutic procedures

47 33. SATURN complaints (ovarian insufficiency, chronic cervicitis, chronic metroanexita, secondary sterility); skin complaints; related disorders Year-round spa and climatic resort in Constan†a County. (ear, nose and throat, cardiovascular, endocrine, metabolic, nutritional and respiratory, occupational illnesses). Altitude 3-10 m. TREATMENT FACILITIES LOCATION Facilities for bathing in hot sulphurous water and seawater; facilities The resort is located on the Black Sea coast, between Mangalia and for bathing in hot mud and hot mud packs; inhalation and aerosol Venus, 43 km from Constan†a and 1 km from Mangalia. therapy facilities; complex electro- and hydro-therapy facilities; medical physiotherapy room; medical massage; outdoor pools. HISTORY Saturn was built in 1972 and is an administrative part of the town of ACCOMMODATION Mangalia . 5-, 4-, 3- and 2-star hotels, 3-star apartment hotel, 1-star tourist hostel, 3-, 2- and 1-star villas, 3-, 2- and 1-star bungalows, treatment centre. CLIMATE Seacoast climate . The annual average temperature is 11 .2°C (the TOURIST ATTRACTIONS average for June is 22°C, and for January 0.2C). The annual average Recreation: water sports (boating, hydro-bikes, ski-jets); numerous precipitation is less than 400 mm. During the summer, there is 10-12 summer gardens, beer gardens, open-air restaurants, discos. hours of sunshine a day, and around 25 days in any given month are Tourist attractions in nearby Mangalia and other resorts on the coast sunny . and in Dobrudja can be visited . See Eforie Nord . Natural therapeutic factors Sulphurous, chlorate, bicarbonate, sodic, calceous, meso-thermal mineral waters, at 21 - 28°C; seawater with a mineralisation of 34. MANGALIA 15.5 grams per litre; sapropelic mud extracted and transported from Year-round spa and climatic resort in Constan†a County. Techirghiol Lake; local peat mud; maritime bio-climate rich in saline Altitude 0 - 10 m. aerosols and solar radiation, with stimulatory effect on the body . LOCATION Therapeutic indications Mangalia is southernmost resort on the Romanian seacoast (44 km from Degenerative rheumatic complaints (cervical, dorsal and lumbar Constan†a), built on the site of the ancient Greek colony of Callatis. spondylosis); inflammatory rheumatic complaints (allergies in the joints following acute rheumatism of the joints of localised HISTORY infections, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthopathy, rheumatoid The city was founded on the site of an earlier local settlement, Cerbatis, polyarthritis following orthopaedic surgery); abarticular rheumatic in the early sixth century, B.C., and was named Callatis by its Greek complaints (tendinosis, tendomiosis, tendoperiostosis, scapulohumeral colonists from Heraclea Pontica. Mangalia (Pangalia) was first marked periarthritis); post-traumatic complaints (post-traumatic stiffness of the on the map made in Pisa in the twelfth century . After 1965, the resort joints, conditions resulting from operations on the muscles, tendons, developed and expanded, the same as all the other resorts on the Black joints and bones, conditions resulting from sprains and fractures); Sea coast . peripheral neurological conditions (post-traumatic paralysis and paresis of the limbs polyneuropathy after the acute phase, after-effects of polyradiculoneuritis, after-effects of poliomyelitis); central nervous CLIMATE system disorders (paraparesis following myelitis a minimum of three Mangalia enjoys a plains climate, influenced by the Black Sea. The months after onset, post-traumatic paraparesis a minimum of three annual average temperature is 11 .2°C (the July average is 21 .8°C, and months after onset, paraparesis following arachnoiditis); gynaecological the January average is above -0.2°C). Spring comes early and is cool,

48 and autumn is long and warm . Cloud cover is low, with sunshine in ACCOMMODATION summertime of around twelve hours a day . Annually, there are more 4-, 3-, 2- and 1-star hotels, 3-star hostel, 3-star pensions, 4-star villas, than 2,500 hours of sunshine . The annual average precipitation is 400 treatment centre mm. The prevailing winds are north-easterly and westerly. Breezes are stronger in summer on the shore, from sea to land during the day, and from land to sea at night . TOURIST ATTRACTIONS Callatis Archaeology Museum, founded in 1925 and re-organised in Natural therapeutic factors 1962, built following the archaeological discovery of Neolithic, Greek and Roman remains (antique columns, bas-reliefs, sculptures, jewellery, Sulphurous, chlorate, bicarbonate, sodic, calceous, mesothermal alabaster items, pottery, statues, etc.). 21- 28°C mineral waters; seawater, with a mineralisation of 15.5 g/l; sapropelic mud extracted and transported from Techirghiol Lake; local The ruins of the ancient city of Callatis preserve part of the city walls, peat mud from Mangalia; maritime bio-climate, rich in saline aerosols from the first and second centuries, B.C.; the Hellenistic cemetery from and solar radiation, with a stimulatory effect on the body . the fourth to second centuries, B.C. lies to the north of the city ruins; another cemetery from the fourth to sixth centuries B .C . was unearthed Therapeutic indications along the western boundary of the city, where there is also a large burial mound from the Greek and Roman Era, in which the fourth-century Degenerative rheumatic complaints (cervical, dorsal and lumbar “papyrus tomb” was found in 1959 (papyrus inscribed in Greek, the only spondylosis); inflammatory rheumatic complaints (allergies in one to have been discovered in Romania). A Syrian-type edifice, dating the joints following acute rheumatism of the joints of localised back to fourth and sixth centuries B .C . and the Esmahan Sultan Mosque, infections, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthopathy, rheumatoid in the Moorish style, built in the sixteenth century, in Mangalia . polyarthritis following orthopaedic surgery); abarticular rheumatic complaints (tendinosis, tendomiosis, tendoperiostosis, scapulohumeral The Mangalia stud farm, 3 km from the town and 500 m from the Black periarthritis); post-traumatic complaints (post-traumatic stiffness of the Sea coast, has a hippodrome for trotting and gallop; visitors can take joints, conditions resulting from operations on the muscles, tendons, carriage rides along the Black Sea coast and horse-riding lessons. joints and bones, conditions resulting from sprains and fractures); Recreation: discos, cinemas, libraries, sports fields, boat trips to other peripheral neurological conditions (post-traumatic paralysis and paresis coastal resorts . of the limbs polyneuropathy after the acute phase, after-effects of polyradiculoneuritis, after-effects of poliomyelitis); central nervous Every year, in the first Sunday of August, the Callatis Festival is held in system disorders (paraparesis following myelitis a minimum of three Mangalia . months after onset, post-traumatic paraparesis a minimum of three months after onset, paraparesis following arachnoiditis); gynaecological complaints (ovarian insufficiency, chronic cervicitis, chronic metroanexita, secondary sterility); skin complaints; related disorders (ear, nose and throat, cardiovascular, endocrine, metabolic, nutritional and respiratory, occupational illnesses).

TREATMENT FACILITIES Facilities for bathing in hot sulphurous and sea water; facilities for bathing in hot mud and hot mud packs; inhalation and aerosol therapy facilities; reservoirs for kinetotherapy; complex electro- and hydro- therapy facilities; medical physiotherapy rooms; medical massage; sauna .

49 Natural therapeutic factors and their effects

Romania’s resorts are recognised for their extraordinarily wide range of The plains climate, natural therapeutic factors with its stimulatory/excitatory bio-climate, encountered in the Romanian Plain and the Tisza Plain, places higher Climatic factors demands on the central nervous, neurovegetative, and endocrine systems . In summer, hot or very hot and dry, mildly dynamic Solar radiation aerotherapy can be applied . Physical/chemical and meteorological factors The seacoast continental climate, with its • Atmospheric composition, relative oxygen pressure, carbon-dioxide marine-influenced stimulatory/excitatory bio-climate, and water vapour content, ozone and aerosol concentrations, features higher humidity, wind speed, and sunlight, and lower absence of chemical pollution, precipitation. There is moderate, predominantly positive air-ionisation, • atmospheric electricity, air ionisation lower cutaneous stress due to the influence of breezes, and higher geological and geographical factors, the geomagnetic field and pulmonary stress due to humidity . In transitional periods, there are geological characteristics of the soil, forms of relief, altitude, forested two to three relaxing months, but the total bio-climatic stress is high. areas, proximity to large bodies of standing water, steppe areas Climatic therapy is at a premium on the seacoast and is used in manmade factors – any negative effects are, in effect, absent numerous ways: pure helio-maritime treatment or thalassotherapy in May and September/October; contrast therapy – heliotherapy and The climatic and bio-climatic areas of sand-baths (psamotherapy); sea-baths, anointment with cold mud; lake swimming, air-baths on the shore. In the cold season, only maritime Romania are as follows: aerosol cures and the cures available in treatment facilities are applied . Mountain climate, with a tonic-stimulatory bio-climate Interior therapeutic micro-climate in salt mines, In the upper parts of low and medium mountainous areas (between with a constant temperature of 10-14°C, high atmospheric pressure, 700 m and 2000 m), and sedative and relaxing effects in the lower pure air, no air currents, saline aerosols with Na, K, Ca, Mg, parts. It stimulates neurovegetative and endocrine functions. Likewise predominantly positive ionisation . characteristic are the biological effects of air pressure and partial low pressure, type B ultra-violet solar radiation, and the absence of pollution . The mountain climate produced by peaks and plateaux allows Therapeutic mineral waters climatic cures in the form of air bathing and heliotherapy between 9 Criteria: and 11 a .m . The mountain climate produced by depressions and valleys a. Diluted salts content (mineralisation) of more than 1g/litre permits climatic cures in the form of static or moderate dynamic air b. The presence of curative oligo-elements: bromine, iodine, iron, baths . arsenic, lithium, strontium, boron, barium, silicon, manganese, eTh hILLY aND plateau climate, aluminium, with its sedative relaxing bio-climate c. Diluted content of gases with biological effects: CO2, H2S, In the extra-Carpathian hills and Transylvanian plateau, at altitudes d. Source temperature – thermal waters (32-38°C), hypo- (20-31°C) between 200-300 metres and 700-800 metres, is milder in terms of and hyper-thermal (>38°C) water heat and moisture, and more dynamic than in mountainous areas, e. Radioactive elements content of more than 50-100 uMache/litre with mild winters and cool summers, moderate temperatures and f. Scientifically acknowledged therapeutic action precipitation, and a reduced air dynamic. Aero- and heliotherapy can be Oligo-mineral or acratic (soft) waters have a mineralisation of less the applied . 1 g/l and do not contain pharmacologically effective chemical elements or therapeutic gases . 50 Thermal waters – used for external cures in pools, recommended for Mofetta gases kinetotherapy or thermo-therapy Mofettas are declivities where CO2, which is heavier than the air, Cold waters (below 20°C) - have exceptional diuretic effects – diuretic accumulates, and where patients are stand on steps at an indicated crenotherapy level for a determined length of time. The CO2 is absorbed by the tegument submerged in the mofetta gases, which combines with the Oligo-elements appear in small concentrations in mineral effects of the gases that are inhaled . waters, in an ionised state, and include:

• Manganese – takes part in metabolic processes, such as the Natural emissions of CO2 in the volcanic area of the Eastern Carpathians synthesis of mucopolysaccharides . The action of arginase has reach concentrations of between 94 and 99.8%, while other, solfatara

hypoglycemiant effects on the liver and acts as a lipotropic factor emissions also contain H2S . • Lithium – activates the Na/K and Ca/Mg pump in cellular membranes In the Western Carpathians there can be found emissions which have • Zinc – component of insulin molecules, an element in the formation a high nitrogen content (18-91%) as well as their CO2 content (4-81%). of carbonic anhydrase and in the processes of protein synthesis Carbonic gases extracted from mineral waters is employed in mofetta – present in many crenotherapy spring waters in Romania, with treatment and industrial CO2 in so-called artificial mofetta treatment. concentrations of up to 4 mg/l • Copper – takes part in the synthesis of cytochrome oxidase within Physical-kinetic methods the mitochondria, and together with magnesium and zinc has protective effects on the insulin and pancreatic system of treatment at resorts • Molybdenum – takes part in the metabolism of purines, in the Physical medicine and physiotherapy are based on kinetotherapy, formation of xanthine oxidase and plays a role in maintaining the which developed from scientific physiology, and the methods include elasticity of the arterial walls thermotherapy, electrotherapy, respiratory tract therapy, occupational • Vanadium – activates the coenzyme of vitamin B1 therapy and massage therapy (reflex massage techniques adopted from • Silicon – present in undissociated form in alkaline and thermal oriental medicine). waters (between 10-120 mg/l), it contributes to arterial wall structure (arteriosclerosis) In modern balneology, the objectives are more extensive and are aimed principally at primary prophylaxis in healthy humans (health and Therapeutic mud (pelloids) wellbeing cures, spa tourism) and at assisting recovery in people with chronic diseases and dysfunctions . Therefore, the basic methodology These accumulate in natural conditions and are used in medical is prophylactic kinetotherapy and recovery therapy, along with methods treatments involving baths, medical packs and local procedures . They employing natural curative factors (climatic therapy, thalassotherapy, are heterogeneous mixtures of organic and mineral substances in heliotherapy, aerotherapy, open-air cures, the pleasant surrounding numerous states of aggregation and structural forms, including solid and climate of the spa, mineral waters, seawater and therapeutic state (macro, micro and ultra-micro-colloidal and molecular), liquid lake waters for swimming, relaxation or pleasure, mineral waters for (watery solution) and gaseous (H S, CO , O , H, hydrocarbons, etc.). 2 2 2 crenotherapy, diuresis or digestive cures). According to physical/chemical composition, mud is: Depending on desired end result, treatment facilities allow both - sapropelic, from continental lakes and lagoons, produced by optimal exploitation of therapeutic natural factors and of conditions underwater sedimentation of organic and mineral materials under for application of kinetotherapy and hydrokinetotherapy, in indoor and the influence of biological, micro-biological and physical-chemical outdoor pools, baths and jacuzzis, aerobic and fitness rooms, and processes – with an organic content higher than 10% in dry mud walking trails for open-air cures. - mineral, from continental lakes and lakes forming on salt massifs or Antialgic electrotherapy and sedative and neuromuscular stimulation around natural springs, and artificial reservoirs on an argillaceous facilities are used, which can be applied in a wide variety of cures . bed – with an organic content lower than 10% in dry mud - peaty, from marshy areas, produced by incomplete transformation of materials due to high humidity, with an organic content higher than 10% in dry mud. 51 Indications for prophylactic bathing cures Health cures – forms and indications

Restorative cures – “mise en forme” recommended ways of performing the physical exertion required by (getting into shape) the type of work activity; to increase the flexibility of joint, ligament O bjectives: relaxation, gradual exercise to train for exertion by means of and muscular tissues; to restore and improve the strength of muscles combating hypokinetic syndrome, recovery of natural sleep/waking and weakened by physical exertion; to provide aerobic training; to train rest/exertion biorhythms; stabilisation of the nervous system; exercise of the cooling mechanisms of people whose jobs expose them to high thermoregulatory functions; balanced nutrition; behavioural education temperatures and humidity; to reduce fat in those with excess body Methods: various forms of climatic therapy– aerotherapy; heliotherapy; mass or obesity . open-air cures, kinetoprophylaxis using exercise and relaxation; These objectives are attained through spa-climatic and physical-kinetic aerobics; swimming and sports; hydrotherapy with contrasting thermal means, such as a tonic-stimulatory or sedative-relaxing climate, factors (heliotherapy/sea swimming; heliotherapy/cold mud rubs /lake indoor and outdoor kinetoprophylaxy, open-air cures and sports, swimming; heliotherapy/lake swimming in submontane and hill resorts); hydrokinetotherapy in pools, swimming, application of contrasting diet therapy; occupational therapy; psychotherapy. thermal factors, specific forms of kinetotherapy to build strength, aerobic Cure indications: various age groups regarded as healthy, but training, massage, as well as forms of group education, during 5-6-hour complaining of physical or mental discomfort that is either acute or daily programmes, distributed in a balanced way over the course of results from periods of increased stress, with frequent feelings of the day, keeping to a timetable of rest and sleep, and rounded off with fatigue and irritability, lower performance at work, decreased free-time entertainment and cultural activities in the ambience of the spa resort . activities, a tendency to be sedentary, sleep/waking and rest/exertion Active prophylactic cures for cardiovascular disturbances, and thermo-regulatory disturbances. complaints Fitness and adaptation to exertion cures These are health cures for patients liable to cardiovascular complaints . Such treatments are commonplace nowadays, and under careful Objectives: to provide health education and make changes in behaviour supervision they are useful in the prevention of hypokinetic syndrome, with regard to the negative effects of smoking, alcohol, and poor diet; to cardiorespiratory diseases and disorders of the myoarthrokinetic learn methods of muscular and mental relaxation and habits with regard system . They can also be applied in combination with other methods to movement and physic effort, aimed at training the cardio-respiratory – outdoor cures on forested mountain slopes, with natural aerosols and muscular functional capacities aerobically . and unpolluted air, subject to the sedative-relaxing or tonic-stimulatory daily talks with the doctor; kinetoprophylaxy using relaxation influence of the climate, or by swimming in lakes, pools or in the Method: techniques; aerobic training for dosed exertion; open-air cures; sport, sea (thalassotherapy). Supplimentary methods can also be applied: swimming and excursions; bathing-therapy using carbogaseous baths or hydrotherapy with contrasting thermal factors, and others . mofetta therapy for demonstration purposes; hydrotherapy and sedative Anti-stress cure massage; diet therapy and, in some cases, group psychotherapy. This is recommended for a wide spectrum of young people and active These programmes are intended to make sure that the patient has adults whose jobs place high demands on their neuropsychic system, assimilated the knowledge and behavioural habits required in order inducing disturbances of biorhythms, in particular those connected to limit the action of risk factors identified by anamnesis and clinic to sleep/waking and rest/exertion. The anti-stress cure methods at examination . spa resorts draws upon the relaxant-sedative climate of hilly areas and bathing and hydrotherapy procedures, combined with sedative Active preventative cures for respiratory tract electrotherapy electromagnetic fields, massage, psychotherapy, and diets. complaints These are health cures for patients liable to bronchial and pulmonary Active preventative cures for degenerative and complaints . age-related disorders of the locomotive system Objectives: to avoid polluted or toxic environments; to provide sanitary Objectives: to correct inappropriate or tiring work postures and education with regard to the effects of smoking, avoiding exposure to demonstrate relaxing postures appropriate to the activity; to learn 52 the cold and correcting sedentary lifestyles; to teach correct breathing pulmonary allergic diseases; smokers; people at risk of respiratory exercises; to rectify any identified muscular and bone disorders and dysfunctions; the obese; persons with postural disorders of the spine – increase adaptive capacity to cold through alternative hydrotherapy . kyphoscoliosis, the after-effects of tuberculosis. Method: climatic therapy procedures; aeroheliotherapy and open-air Other types of prophylactic cure cures; inhalation therapy using alkaline or chlorosodic waters; breathing Anti-aging, anti-obesity, prevention of diabetes, prevention of exercises; group education and even group psychotherapy. osteoporosis, crenotherapy for the digestive system, diuretic Indications: people who are exposed to airborne pollutants in the crenotherapy . workplace or who are predisposed to inflammatory or bronchial and A quality life for seniors Drawing upon her research in aging products, thermophoresis, iontophoresis, anti-aging masks, re- geriatrics and gerontology, in invigoration, and good skin vascularisation for optimal elasticity, using 1952 Dr . Ana Aslan founded computerised apparatus; plus anti-cellulite and muscle invigoration the world’s first Institute of treatment for body reshaping . Geriatrics and Gerontology A number of health spas in Romania offer guests the opportunity to and by 1972 had succeeded follow cures and procedures based on Gerovital and Aslavital. in developing the formula for her Gerovital H3 medicine. These spas, which together are called Ana Aslan Health Spas, combine The medicine acts upon the natural environmental factors specific to mountain resorts or the common mechanisms the coast (strongly ionised air, saltwater, sapropelic mud, healing of degenerative diseases specific to old age. In 1976, she developed herbs), with classic therapeutic procedures. Guests have access to Aslavital, a product efficacious in therapy of the nervous system and hydrotherapy rooms, massage cabins, aesthetic treatment for the body cardiovascular apparatus . Her success in the prevention and therapy and face, electro- and magneto-therapy, individual kinetotherapy, of ageing brought her world renown, and the products and treatments and fitness rooms. The list of the most prestigious spas in this class provided by the Ana Aslan Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology earned includes: Eforie Nord - Hotel Astoria, Hotel Europa, Ana Aslan Health an international reputation. Today, the Ana Aslan Institute of Geriatrics SPA; Poiana Braßov - Hotel Sport, Hotel Bradul, Hotel Poiana; Båile and Gerontology provides personalised preventative and curative Herculane – Hotel Roman; and Bucharest - Athenée Palace Hilton, treatment based on the individual patient’s age and pathology, using H3 Crown Plaza. Ana Aslan’s range of Gerovital H3 cosmetic products are products and Aslavital, according to an original method . famous throughout the world (in Europe, the United States, Canada, Asia and South America). Treatment is indicated for a wide range of complaints specific to old age: degenerative rheumatoid complaints, peripheral circulatory Indications for spa cures by groups of ailments and geriatric spa cures disturbances, depressive conditions, digestive apparatus distress, asthma, blood pressure, dyslipidemia, diabetes, etc . Ana Aslan therapy can be employed prophylactically, starting from the age of forty . Besides anti-aging therapy, a cure adapted to the patient’s actual pathologies is recommended . In addition, treatment can include face and body toning, which consists of gommage (exfoliation), hydration, skin nutrition using Ana Aslan anti-

53 Indications for spa cures by groups of ailments and geriatric spa cures

Spa treatments by groups of ailments - cervical and lumbosacral radiculopathy with discopathic or (in secondary prevention, therapy or medical recovery) spondylogenous causes, or via a narrow canal - clinical forms- algic cervical or lumboradicular forms, without motor deficit – counter- Rheumatic complaints indications – hyperalgic forms and clinical forms- algic forms and forms with motor deficit, sequelae following surgery– counter-indications – A) Inflammatory rheumatic complaints cases where surgery is recommended - recommended spas 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, - rheumatoid polyarthritis – clinical forms – in stages II and III, once 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 24, 25, 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 stabilised, after attacks have passed or during periods of reduced - static disorders of the spinal column and lower limbs - clinical inflammatory activity, clinical forms with moderate inflammatory activity, forms- compensated forms in children, young people or adults, or or with functional or post-operative deficits – counter-indications - clinical decompensated algic, muscular, neuro-endocrine and/or neurovegetative forms with systemic manifestations, rheumatoid polyarthritis in stages forms - recommended spas 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 24, III and IV, rheumatoid polyarthritis during attacks of inflammation – 25, 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 recommended spas 4, 13, 25, 30, 31, 34, - hypokinetic syndrome, sedentary persons, overweight persons or those - rheumatoid polyarthritis - clinical forms with moderate inflammatory with hyperlaxity of the joints - recommended spas 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 11, 13, activity, or with functional or post-operative deficits - recommended spas 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 24, 25, 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 4, 31, 34, - ankylosing spondylitis – counter-indications: peripheral or febrile C) Rheumatic complaints affecting the soft tissues forms, forms accompanied by breathing difficulties, stage-IV ankylosing (periarticular and muscular) spondylitis , recuperable forms - recommended spas 1, 3, 4, 6, 11, 13, - scapulohumeral or coxofemural periarthritis - clinical forms– forms 14, 19, 25, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 healed without sequelae, simple forms of pain in shoulders, or pericoxitis - psoriatic arthritis - clinical forms- in stages II and III, once stabilised, after with pain during movement– counter-indications mixed forms of pain in attacks have passed or during periods of reduced inflammatory activity, the shoulders - recommended spas 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, - clinical forms with moderate inflammatory activity, or with functional or 20, 24, 25, 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, post-operative deficits - counter-indications forms with a rheumatoid-type Or clinical forms– blocked shoulders, stiff shoulders, forms of pericoxitis, evolution - recommended spas 1, 14, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, with deficit in leaning and walking – counter-indications forms with lesions - persons with previous rheumatic conditions, secondary infectious to the capsule of the shoulder joint where surgery is recommended - rheumatism, reactive arthritis with meteorotropic muscle and joint pains recommended spas 1, 3, 4, 6, 11, 13, 14, 19, 25, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 – counter-indications cardiac sequelae following acute rheumatism of the joints, recommended spas 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 24, Complaints resulting from orthopaedic 25, 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, traumas B) degenerative rheumatism of the joints A) bone and joint sequalae resulting from fractures of the limbs (fractures, - peripheral and axial arthrosis; coxarthrosis, gonarthrosis, cervical, dorsal joint stiffness, osteoplasty, osteoporosis, etc.) – a. clinical forms– and lumbar spondylosis, and others - clinical forms- compensated forms accompanied by pain and stiffness, but without major functional forms with reduced or absent symptoms; decompensated algic and decompensation connected to mobility or self-care – counter-indications muscular forms, without inflammatory decompensation or functional septic arthritis, unconsolidated fractures, ankylosis, joint instability, bone deficits; counter-indications – cases where surgery is recommended - infections, pseudo-arthrosis, osteonecrosis of the femur head, vicious recommended spas 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 24, 25, 26, callus - recommended spas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 17, 19, 24, 25, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 Decompensated forms with functional deficits and operated forms - or clinical forms– forms with decompensation of functions and deficits recommended spas 4, 30, 31, 34, of movement– counter-indications – the same as above - recommended spas 4, 30, 31, 34

54 B) sequelae resulting from vertebral fractures, without medullary lesions in cases of lesions of the axonatmesis or neurotmesis type, with removal counter-indications cases that require surgery - recommended spas 1, of the compression or re-establishment of nerve continuity – counter- 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 17, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 indications muscle or bone infections - recommended spas 1, 4, 5, 6, C) post-traumatic lesions of the tendons and ligament capsules - clinical 11, 14, 30, 31, 34, forms– selected cases, following orthopaedic surgery - recommended c. polyneuritis (toxic, dysmetabolic or infectious) , clinical forms– following spas 1, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 25, 29, 30, 31, 34, detox therapy, stabilisation of diabetes or anti-infectious treatment– D) post-traumatic muscular sequelae clinical forms– forms without loss of counter-indications decompensated neuropathy resulting from collagen function – counter-indications muscular infections - recommended spas diseases, paraneoplastic neuropathy and in diabetes - recommended 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 17, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 spas 1, 4, 5, 6, 11, 14, 30, 31, 34, E) cutaneous sequelae resulting from trauma (edemas, hypertrophic scars, d. sequelae resulting from poliomyelitis - clinical forms– delayed sequelae atrophy, transplant scars) - recommended spas 5, 6, 11, 19, 34 in adults with functional deficits– recommended spas 1, 4, 5, 6, 11, 14, F) complex post-traumatic sequelae: osteo-articular, facial, cutaneous, 30, 31, 34, muscular, without nerve lesions clinical forms– cases resolved from B) Central neurological complaints the orthopaedic point of view – counter-indications bone or muscle a . hemiparetic and hemiplegic sequelae resulting from strokes or brain infections - recommended spas 4, 6, 11, 30, 31, 34, injuries clinical forms – stroke sequelae or brain injuries – carefully G) circulatory or trophic disorders resulting from trauma - clinical selected cases following post-acute recovery in hospital recuperation forms– vein and lymphatic circulatory disorders, sequelae following units, a few months following the stroke– counter-indications cases thrombophlebitis – counter-indications in the two-three months involving background cardiovascular complaints where it is not immediately after a trauma or in the acute phase of thrombophlebitis - recommended that the patient travel recommended spas 4, 30, 31, 34 recommended spas 1, 6, 11, 14, 19, 27, 30, 31, 34, other than during the summer season Natural therapeutic factors for patients suffering from orthopaedic or clinical forms after-effects of strokes, old cases, patients who have traumas (depending on the type of sequela): recovered but have reduced motor deficit recommended spas 4, 8, 10,13, 13, 15, 29 Climate – coastal climate for thalassotherapy, heliotherapy, thermotherapy on beach sand, thermotherapy using mud, seawater bathing . Kinetotherapy b . paraparesis resulting from spine injuries with medullary lesions Clinical in saltwater is readily available. The relaxing-sedative climate of forms 1 . patients who have recovered with the help of a wheelchair, spas in hilly regions and the tonic-stimulatory sub-Alpine climate are for treatment of trophic and circulatory complications or processes of recommended in cases of post-traumatic sequelae. arachnoiditis or corneal myelitis – counter-indications cases without sphincter disorders - recommended spas 3, 4, 5, 13, 15, 30, 31, 34 Spring waters – concentrated chlorate-sodic waters in bathing pools or Clinical forms 2 . following surgical removal of the compression facilitates hydrokinetotherapy during recovery and has anti-inflammatory, (disk hernias, benign tumours) three months after surgery –– counter- hyperaemic effects on the skin, stimulating cutaneous receptors and the indications following malign tumour processes - recommended spas 3, subjacent tissues, antialgic effects, etc . 4, 17 Sulphurous waters in bathing pools for hydrokinetotherapy with or Clinical forms 3. post-traumatic forms, at least three months after the vasodilatatory and cutaneous trophic effects . Carbogaseous spring waters injury – counter-indications cases without complete medullary section or and moffeta to stimulate peripheral circulation, with sedative effects and sphincter disorders - recommended spas 3, 4, 15, 30, 31, 34 regulatory neurovegetative benefits. C) Neurosis-type functional disorders Neurological complaints - various forms of asthenic neurosis1. clinical forms–patients who have A) Peripheral neurological complaints been diagnosed as suffering from asthenic neurosis by neuropsychiatrists and recommended to take pharmacological treatment in a spa a. various types of neuralgia (Arnold’s neuralgia, cervical-brachial, environment – counter-indications patients suffering from hysterical and intercostal, lumbosciatic neuralgias, etc. - clinical forms– cases with obsessive-phobic neuroses and psychosis - recommended spas 8, 17 and specific diagnoses but with functional deficit - recommended spas 1, 2, Sinaia, Predeal (in specialist units) or Soveja 3, 4, 5, 11, 14, 15, 17, 19, 24, 25, 30, 33, 34, or 2 . clinical forms–persons predisposed to neurosis who have stressful b . paresis and paralysis of the peripheral nerves (radicular, plexal, jobs or neurovegetative disorders or who have had crises diagnosed as troncular), whether post-traumatic or due to compression (discopathy, neurosis - recommended spas 8, 13, 15, 22, 23, 25, 27, 29, and Sinaia, narrow canal, incarceration syndromes) - clinical forms–only after neuro- Predeal and Soveja surgical examination in post-traumatic cases, after surgical examination 55 Cardiovascular complaints B) chronic tracheo-bronchitis; clinical forms–persistent recurring forms A) chronic ischemic cardiopathy – 1. clinical forms–painful and non-painful – counter-indications clinical bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis forms only in periods of remission – counter-indications infectious cases require recuperation - recommended spas 5, 7, 11, 18, 23, 24, 30, 31, 34, with frequent attacks and arrhythmia - recommended spas 10, 12, 29 C) bronchiectasis; clinical forms– selected cases- recommended spas 5, 6, or 2 . clinical forms–selected patients, accompanied by their 7, 11, 18, 23, 24, 30, 31, 34 cardiologists, for recuperation in late phase II; sequelae resulting D) respiratory neurosis;- recommended spas 5, 6, 12, 13, 18, 23, 27, and from myocardial infarction in late phase II and in phase III – counter- Sinaia, Stîna de vale, Brådet indications only patients recommended by their specialist cardiologists E) non-specific chronic obstructive bronchial neuropathy – chronic - recommended spas 13 bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, chronic bronchial asthma- or 3 . clinical forms– sequelae resulting from myocardial infarction recommended spas 5, 18, 23, in late phase II and in phase III – counter-indications only patients F) restrictive breathing dysfunctions resulting from pulmonary fibrosis, recommended by their specialist cardiologists - recommended spas 13 pneumoconiosis, pachypleuritis, thoracoplasty, kyphoscoliosis, obsesity, B) arterial hypertension 1. clinical forms– essential arterial hypertension in etc. - recommended spas 5, 18, 23, stage I; secondary artherosclerotic and post-climacteric hypertension - E) persons with risk factors for respiratory diseases; 1. clinical forms– recommended spas 8, 10, 11, 12, 27, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 persons exposed to environments polluted with airborne particles (e .g . or 2 . clinical forms– arterial hypertension in stage II in the absence chemicals, metallurgy or textiles industries) or 2. clinical forms–long- of disease – counter-indications patients with complications- term smokers, persons addicted to tobacco recommended spas – recommended spas 8, 10, 12, 29 respiratory cures C) valvulopathy – 1. clinical forms–compensated forms of mitral or aortic or 3 . clinical forms patients suffering from frequent respiratory ailments, insufficiency; operated cases of valvulopathy (two to three months after in particular during cold weather, persons with infectious or allergic surgery) counter-indications valvulopathy of aortic stenosis complex respiratory complaints (rhinitis, sinusitis, tracheobronchitis, etc.) - or evolving valvulopathy, valvulopathy with cardiac insufficiency – or recommended spas 5, 6, 7, 11, 15, 22, 23, 24, 18, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34 2. operated cases of valvulopathy (two to three months after surgery) and Borßa, Soveja, and sub-alpine climatic spas recommended spas 10, 12, 29 F) nose and sinus complaints; 1. clinical forms chronic catarrhal and D) peripheral arteriopathy – 1. clinical forms– artherosclerotic forms – suppurating rhinosinusitis 2 . hypertrophic chronic rhinopharyngitis counter-indications counter-indicated forms in advanced stages with or 3. Hypertrophic chronic laryngitis or 4. Nasal and sinus allergies - clinically manifest dysfunctions, as well as forms with surgical counter- recommended spas 5, 6, 7, 11, 15, 22, 23, 24, 18, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34 indications - recommended spas 8, 10, 12, 27, and Borßa, Soveja, and sub-Alpine climatic spas or 2 . clinical forms–functional arteriopathies of the Raynaud’s disease type, acrocyanosis, erythromelalgia - recommended spas 8, 10, 11, 12, Digestive, liver, gallbladder, kidney and 27, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 urinary tract complaints E) chronic vein diseases – 1. clinical forms– sequelae resulting from thrombophlebitis– counter-indications earlier than three to six months Conditions of the digestive tract, liver and gallbladder after the acute stage, or 2 . clinical forms– operated varicose veins A) persons at risk of digestive ailments – unhealthy living and eating, – counter-indications earlier than two to three months after surgery - consumption of foodstuffs irritating or toxic to the stomach, intestines, recommended spas 8, 10, 12, 24, 30, 31, 33, 34 liver and bile ducts (alcohol, smoking, coffee, excessive salt and or 3. clinical forms– venous insufficiency in stage I - recommended spas condiments, stressful lifestyle) – health cures for digestive repose or 24, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, anti-stress cures - recommended spas 7, 11, 12, 22, 23, F) patients at risk of cardiovascular disease - clinical forms– dyslipidemia, B) unclassifiable digestive ailments, patients who eat unhealthily and weight problems, stress, accompanied by arterial tension with have stressful lifestyles 1 . clinical forms–chronic gastropathy with oscillating values – recommended spas health cures for patients with chlorhydropeptic secretory dysfunctions during periods of remission or 2 . cardiovascular risk cure de clinical forms sequelae resulting from stomach operations, but without dysfunction or complications - recommended spas 7, 12, 22, 23, Respiratory and ear, nose and throat C) gastroduodenal ulcers during high-intensity attacks, not ameliorated complaints by diet or medication, with recent bleeding or gastric evacuation disturbances; relapse of peptic ulcers after stomach operations; A) bronchial; clinical forms–pure bronchial asthma (in young people), spastic malabsorption syndrome 1 . clinical forms of hyposthenic syndrome with tracheobronchitis – counter-indications bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis chlorhydropeptic hyposecretions ; recommended spas 7, 11, 22, 23, require recuperation - recommended spas 5, 7, 11, 18, 23, 24, 30, 31, 34, 56 or 2 . clinical forms duodenal forms with hypersthenic chlorhyropeptic processes, outside active periods–- recommended spas 3, 4, 13, 15, 27, hypersecretion or gastric and duodenal ulcers –- recommended spas B) secondary sterility; clinical forms– patients investigated and 22, 25 recommended by specialist gynaecologists - recommended spas 30, 33 D) non-specific chronic enterocolopathy, chronic non-organic constipation C) following genital tuberculosis; clinical forms– diagnosed cases, two to clinical forms–cases investigated under the supervision of a specialist three years after stabilisation– recommended spas 30, 33; gastroenterologist – counter-indications ulcerated-hemorrhagic D) disorders of genital function 1. clinical forms hyper-reactive type – rectocolitis-type complaints, Crohn’s disease, acute or chronic neurotic syndrome in puberty or the menopause, algic disturbances enterocolitis with malabsorption - recommended spas 7, 12, 22, 23, in the genital area, perceptual disturbances in the genital area E) bladder and gallbladder duct complaints, including dyskinesia, chronic recommended spas 3, 4, 13, 15, 23, 29 cholecystitis without gallbladder stones, biliary lithiasis, sequelae Or 2. clinical forms hyper-reactive type – hypotone dyskinesia, local following removal of the gallbladder 1 . clinical forms– diagnosed cases: secretory and trophic disturbances, local disturbances of hormonal forms without accentuated clinical symptoms, with previous gallbladder reception (frigidity) recommended spas 1, 2, 5, 6, 11, 14, 19, 24, 17, 25, problems or 2. chronic forms without inflammatory or painful attacks 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, – counter-indications biliary dyskinesis caused by obstruction, where E) patients presenting factors that put them at risk of gynaecological surgery is recommended, acute cholecystitis, biliary lithiasis with ailments 1 . clinical forms work in cold temperatures, high humidity, frequent colic, acute cholecystitis where surgery is recommended - stressful micro-climate recommended spas 3, 4, 13, 15, 23, 29 recommended spas 7, 12, 22, 23, Or 2. patients with inflammatory and functional algic complaints, having F) stable forms of chronic hepatitis clinical forms– cases investigated under been examined and recommended for treatment by a gynaecologist - the supervision of a specialist gastroenterologist – counter-indications recommended spas 1, 2, 5, 6, 11, 14, 19, 24, 17, 25, 26, 30, 31, 32, aggressive evolving forms, forms with splenomegaly - recommended 33, 34, spas 7, 12, 22, Kidney and urinary tract ailments Other groups of ailments and spa cures A) persons with factors that put them at risk of urinary infection or renal Metabolic diseases lithiasis; uric diathesis; intestinal and genital infections, frequent cystitis; A) diabetes; counter-indications forms of diabetes with a tendency to labour in high-temperature conditions, with reduced diuresis; health acidosis, labile insulin-dependent forms, with advanced arterial- cures with an emphasis on diuresis recommended spas 7, 8,11,12, 23, sclerosis complications clinical forms1 . patients with potential, latent, B) patients with renal lithiasis, who have rarely eliminated stones, asymptomatic or sub-clinical diabetes recommended spas 6, 7, 11, with previous urinary infection or renal colic recommended spas 7, 12, 19, 22, 23, 34 or 2 . cases with clinical symptoms and dysfunction 8,11,12, 23, (specific applications of the micro-angiopathy or neuropathy type) or C) urinary lithiasis; 1. clinical forms–relapsing forms, all metabolic types, syntropy (macro-angiopathy, HTA, obesity, hepatocholecystitis, etc.) - localised in the kidneys or ureter, with permeable urinary ducts, or recommended spas 7, 11, 22, 25 2. operated forms, all metabolic types – counter-indications large B) obesity; - educationally targeted cures, aimed at teaching good eating diverticular calculi, with upstream dilatation, lithiasis with septic stasis, habits and reducing weight through diets, KT and crenotherapy counter- with hydronephrosis, bilateral uretal lithiasis - recommended spas 7, 12 indications extreme obesity, involving inability to move or make any D) urinary infections; chronic pyelonephritis clinical forms– repeated forms physical effort, with cardio-respiratory insufficiency, or uncooperative of bacteriuria in the urine, with renal insufficiency within certain limits cases recommended spas weight-loss cures, in the form of health cures – counter-indications azotate retention with urea values of more than at any spa 0 .80 g/l of more than 5mg/l or clearance of creatinine of less than 60ml/ C) gout and hyperuricemic syndrome counter-indications patients with min or arterial hypertension with a maximum of more than 180mmHg or heightened nephropathy, secondary prophylaxis , clinical forms– 1 . minimum of more than 110 mmHg - recommended spas 7, 12 forms without clinical symptoms (with the exception of gout attacks), patients with hyperuricemic syndrome recommended spas 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, Gynaecological complaints 13, 15, 19, 30, 34 or 2 . forms of gouty chronic arthritis, with or without A) sub-acute and chronic metroanexita; counter-indications acute muscle and joint dysfunction recommended spas 3, 4, 6, 14 , 19,32, 31, inflammatory infections; 1.clinical forms–sub-acute forms stabilised 32, 33, 34 at two to three months following the acute phase, recommended spas 1, 2, 14, 25, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 or 2. clinical forms chronic forms; recommended spas 1, 2, 5, 6, 11, 14, 19, 25, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 or 3. clinical forms patients with repeated inflammatory metroanexial 57 Spas recommended for patients with medicaments counter-indications: patients who can be moved and who do not have major dysfunctions recommended spas 7, 11, 22, 23, 24, endocrine and related diseases c) ailments: respiratory and ear, nose and throat complaints: A) hyperthyroid complaints involving hyperfunction - clinical forms tracheobronchitis, bronchiecstasis, simple bronchial asthma, chronic hyperthyroidism, Basedow’s disease in the first two stages counter- sinusitis or rhinosinusitis, rhinogenous deafness, etc.; - recommended indications Basedow’s disease in stages III and IV, toxic adenoma and spas 5, 23, 26 hyperthyroid gout- recommended spas 9 and the Sinaia, Stîna de vale, d) ailments: peripheral vascular complaints: varicose veins, angiospasms; and Borßa climatic spas sequelae from thrombophlebitis, etc. - recommended spas 2, 8, 12, 29 B) hypothyroid complaints involving hypofunction clinical forms e) ailments: gynaecological complaints: chronic anexita, dystrophic hypothyroidism or myxedema recommended spas 1, 2, 5, 14, 30, 31, vaginitis, - recommended spas 1, 2, 14, 25, 30, 31, 34 32, 33, 34, f) ailments: dermatological complaints: dermatose contact psoriasis - C) hyperfunctional gonad disorders recommended spas 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, recommended spas 30,33, 32, 33, 34, 13, 15, 27, 23, D) hypofunctional gonad disorders recommended spas 1, 14, 19, 24, 25, B) Cures aimed at recuperation in an area of major dysfunctional 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 pathology a) motor recuperation cures for the elderly - ailments degenerative articular Spas recommended for patients with rheumatism (hips, knees), with or without prostheses, with difficulty in dermatological complaints walking, cervical or lumbosacral vertebral disk ailments, with or without radiculopathy, with dysfunction affecting the patient’s ability or look A) exfoliating dermatosis: psoriasis, incipient ichtiosis, keratodermia clinical after himself or herself, orthopaedic and post-traumatic complaints (hip forms patients with a clear diagnosis and recommendation from their fractures) or spine complaints, with dysfunction in walking, peripheral dermatologist recommended spas 1, 7, 11, 14, 24, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 and paretic neurological, central cerebral and medullary complaints B) algodermia (chronic eczema, chronic urticaria, occupational eczemas), (post-traumatic nerve lesions, polyneuropathy, cauda equina syndrome, pruriginous complaints, chronic pyoderma, seborrheic dermatitis, hemiparesis or paraparesis, etc. counter-indications: only patients able polymorphic or rosaceous acne clinical forms– patients with a clear to take part in progressive aerobic training session, who are co-operative diagnosis and recommendation from their dermatologist recommended and have limited polypathology (cardio-circulatory insufficiency, CCID, spas 6, 7, 11, 19, 34 HTA in stages II and III, respiratory insufficiency, sensorial complaints, C) diffuse or limited neurodermatitis clinical forms– patients with a clear psychical ailments) recommended spas 4, 33 and Brådet, in special diagnosis and recommendation from their dermatologist recommended recuperation centres spas 6, 7, 11, 19, 34, b) cardiovascular recuperation - ailments 1. Elderly people with D) congenital eczema (atrophic dermatitis) clinical forms– patients with sequelae from myocardial insufficiency stage III recommended spas a clear diagnosis and recommendation from their dermatologist 13 recuperation hospital 2 . seniors with peripheral arteriosclerotic recommended spas 30, 31, 34 arteriopathy with clinical symptoms of dysfunction recommended spas 8, 10, 12, 29 Bathing and climatic spa cures for seniors c) respiratory recuperation for elderly people suffering from non-specific A) Cures aimed at therapy and prevention of secondary dysfunction obstructive chronic bronchoneuropathy with dysfunction, chronic and disabilities (using individually tailored methods) bronchial asthma, with acute dyspnoea, pulmonary emphysema with a) ailments:chronic ailments of the locomotive system – rheumatic, respiratory insufficiency, restrictive breathing dysfunction from various orthopaedic, traumatic, and peripheral neurological; or mono- and poly- causes recommended spas 5, 25 in sanatorium conditions articular arthrosis, periarticular and muscular complaints, fibromyositis, C) treatment aimed at integrated and recuperative cures to neuralgia, neuritis; - sequelae resulting from fractures or injuries to the reactivate mental and physical capacities; soft tissues counter-indications: patients with polypathology or sensorial Complex cures, in the spa resort setting, including treatment of chronic and neuropsychical complaints, but only those that can be moved and ailments affecting the elderly (with polypathological aspects); recuperation those without major dysfunctions recommended spas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, of dysfunctions of the locomotive system and cardiorespiratory systems; 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, group socialising and physical activities, to reactivate mental, physical b) ailments: chronic ailments of the digestive tube: gastroduodenal or biliary and behavioural capacities in the elderly counter-indications patients dyspepsia, biliary lithiasis, chronic cholecystitis, intestinal complaints, selected according to the goals and facilities of each treatment centre; colitis, frequent constipation, secondary phenomena produced by recommended spas bathing and climatic geriatric recuperation spas .

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