Journal of Biogeography

SUPPORTING INFORMATION

Dispersal out of Wallacea spurs diversification of flying foxes, the world’s largest (Mammalia: Chiroptera)

Susan M. Tsang, Sigit Wiantoro, Maria Josefa Veluz, Norimasa Sugita, Y-Lan Nguyen, Nancy B. Simmons, and David J. Lohman

Appendix S4. Comparison of BioGeoBEARS results using alternate parameters. Inferred ancestral area reconstruction of a) DEC model with maximum of 4 areas, b) DEC+j with maximum of 3 areas, and c) DEC+j with maximum of 2 areas. a)DEC, 4 areas max. d=0.3868; e=0; j=0; LnL=−106.86

AC Chironax melanocephalus A linduensis A Rousettus celebensis ABCDRousettus amplexicaudatus ABCDMacroglossus minimus AB australis A viridis A cephalotes A P. personatus A P. lombocensis B P. molossinus B P. woodfordi B P. gilliardorum B P. scapulatus A P. temminckii C P. lylei F P. rufus C P. giganteus ACD P. vampyrus D P. pumilus E P. pselaphon DE P. dasymallus B P. poliocephalus A P. chrysoproctus B P. vetulus B P. samoensis B P. rayneri B P. capistratus ennisae B P. capistratus B P. anetianus A P. ocularis Legend ACD P. hypomelanus A Wallacea A P. h. macassaricus B New Guinea, Australia, South Pacific A P. griseus C Sundaland, South Asia E P. yapensis D Philippines E Micronesia B P. neohibernicus F Western Indian Ocean E P. pelewensis B P. tonganus AB P. conspicillatus B P. admiralitatum A P. alecto alecto (Sulawesi) D jubatus A Acerodon mackloti A Acerodon celebensis b) DEC+J, 2 areas max, d=0.2409; e=0; j=0.0477; LnL=−87.54

AC Chironax melanocephalus A Rousettus linduensis A Rousettus celebensis CDRousettus amplexicaudatus CDMacroglossus minimus AB Syconycteris australis A Dobsonia viridis A Nyctimene cephalotes A P. personatus A P. lombocensis B P. molossinus B P. woodfordi B P. gilliardorum B P. scapulatus A P. temminckii C P. lylei F P. rufus C P. giganteus CDP. vampyrus D P. pumilus E P. pselaphon DE P. dasymallus B P. poliocephalus A P. chrysoproctus B P. vetulus B P. samoensis B P. rayneri B P. capistratus ennisae B P. capistratus B P. anetianus A P. ocularis Legend AC P. hypomelanus A Wallacea A P. h. macassaricus B New Guinea, Australia, South Pacific A P. griseus C Sundaland, South Asia E P. yapensis D Philippines E Micronesia B P. neohibernicus F Western Indian Ocean E P. pelewensis B P. tonganus AB P. conspicillatus B P. admiralitatum A P. alecto alecto (Sulawesi) D Acerodon jubatus A Acerodon mackloti A Acerodon celebensis c) DEC+J, 3 areas max, d=0.2604; e=0; j=0.0417; LnL=−96.40

AC Chironax melanocephalus A Rousettus linduensis A Rousettus celebensis BCD Rousettus amplexicaudatus ABC minimus AB Syconycteris australis A Dobsonia viridis A Nyctimene cephalotes A P. personatus A P. lombocensis B P. molossinus B P. woodfordi B P. gilliardorum B P. scapulatus A P. temminckii C P. lylei F P. rufus C P. giganteus ACD P. vampyrus D P. pumilus E P. pselaphon DE P. dasymallus B P. poliocephalus A P. chrysoproctus B P. vetulus B P. samoensis B P. rayneri B P. capistratus ennisae B P. capistratus B P. anetianus A P. ocularis ACD P. hypomelanus Legend A P. h. macassaricus A Wallacea A P. griseus B New Guinea, Australia, South Pacific C Sundaland, South Asia E P. yapensis D Philippines B P. neohibernicus E Micronesia E P. pelewensis F Western Indian Ocean B P. tonganus AB P. conspicillatus B P. admiralitatum A P. alecto alecto (Sulawesi) D Acerodon jubatus A Acerodon mackloti A Acerodon celebensis