M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 50

MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED 50 100 100

MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100

Mangrove Manual SerieS no. 1 100 100 100 75 , 66 75 , 66 JH Primavera, JP Savaris, BE Bajoyo, JD Coching, DJ Curnick, RL Golbeque, 75

AT Guzman, JQ Henderin, RV Joven, RA Loma and HJ Koldewey 75 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50

First edition 2012 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 C M 50 50 50 Y K 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100

Published by The Zoological Society of London 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 1 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40

100 , This publication has been made possible thanks primarily to the generous funding from

100 , the Big Lottery Fund with additional financial support and technical assistance from the

100 , Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Philippines and the Depart-

100 , ment of Agriculture – Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DA-BFAR), Philippines.

100 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily re- 100 flect those of the Zoological Society of London or any of the funding organisations 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50

50 , 40 Published by: Zoological Society of London, United Kingdom 50 , 40 Copyright: ©2012 Zoological Society of London 100 ,

100 , Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non- K Y 50 commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permis-

50 sion from the copyright holder provided the source is fully ac- 100 M knowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other C 100 commercial purposes is strictly prohibited without prior written

100 permission of the copyright holder. 100

100 Citation: Primavera JH, Savaris JD, Bajoyo B, Coching JD, Curnick DJ, Gol-

100 beque R, Guzman AT, Henderin JQ, Joven RV, Loma RA & Kol-

100 dewey HJ (2012). Manual on community-based mangrove reha- 100 bilitation – Mangrove Manual Series No. 1. London, UK: ZSL. viii

50 + 240 p. 50 50 , 40 ISBN: ISBN 978-971-95370-1-4 50 , 40 Front cover: Schoolchildren join ZSL staff in outplanting Avicennia marina 50

50 seedlings in abandoned ponds. Photo by R.J.A. Loma

50 Back cover: Local folk transport Sonneratia alba wildings, for use in rehabili- 50

100 tation experiments, along fishpond dikes. Photo by C.L. Montilijao 100 Layout and design by: Makinaugalingon Printer and Bookbinder, Philippines 100

100 Produced by: The Zoological Society of London 100

100 Printed by: Makinaugalingon Printer and Bookbinder, Philippines 100

100 Available from: ZSL-Philippines

50 48 Burgos St., La Paz, Iloilo City, Philippines 50 50 , 40 Download document at: www.zsl.org/mangroves/manual 50 , 40 Reprinted: July 2013 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 2 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Community-based mangrove restoration is an in- 50

creasingly popular conservation intervention with 50

enormous potential benefits to both people and 100

biodiversity. However, succeeding at restoring a 100 mangrove forest can be extremely challenging. This 100 manual, which represents the culmination of many 100 100 years research and field experience, provides prac- 100

tical recommendations on how to greatly increase 100

the probability of success of a mangrove restoration 100

project. It is written in an accessible style that will 75 , 66

be useful to all practitioners. This could not have 75 , 66 75 come at a more important time with 20% of man- 75 grove habitat lost since the 1980s and threatening processes rapidly increasing in coastal habitat. With 50 , 40 50 , 40 the information in this impressive manual it is now 50

time to rapidly scale up mangrove restoration ini- 50 tiatives in countries across the globe. 100 100 100 When visiting the Community-based Mangrove ZSL Mission 100

Rehabilitation Project of the Zoological Society of 100

London I was fortunate enough to join one of the 100 To achieve and promote community groups in the planting process. It was 100 100 the worldwide conserva- educational, fun and inspirational to work as a team C M 50 tion of animals and their restoring nature. I was told by the team that the 50 50 habitats destruction of mangroves had resulted in the loss Y K

of fish nurseries and therefore a major decline in 50 fish, which is an essential source of food for their 50 , 40 families. Restoring the mangroves brings back the 50 , 40 nurseries and therefore the fisheries as well as a 50 broad range of other species. They also explained 50 100 that mangrove forests save lives and livelihoods 100

as they provide coastal protection during major 100

storms. They greatly valued mangrove forests and 100 were committed to restoring and protecting them 100 into the future. This manual will empower similar 100 communities around the world to successfully re- 100 100

store one of their most valuable assets. 50 50 100 , 100 ,

Professor Jonathan Baillie 50 , 40 50 , 40

Director of Conservation Programmes 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 3 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 100 , 100 , K Y 50 50 100 M C 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 Photo David Curnick/ZSL 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 4 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Contents 50 50 100

Acknowledgements i 100 100

List of Tables, Figures, Boxes and Appendices iii 100 100

Acronyms and Abbreviations vi 100 100

Executive Summary 1 100

I. Introduction 3 75 , 66 75 , 66 A. Mangrove Zonation and Species Selection 3 75

B. Mangrove Functions and Valuation 7 75

C. Mangrove Status 7 50 , 40

D. Mangrove Rehabilitation: Seafront vs Abandoned Ponds 8 50 , 40 50 E. The FLA System and Aquaculture Ponds 10 50 F. Community-based Mangrove Rehabilitation Project 12 100

II. Biophysical and Socioeconomic Considerations 15 100 100 A. Biophysical 17 100

B. Socio-economic-political 19 100 100

III. Nursery 21 100

A. Site Selection 23 100 C M B. Preparation for Field Collection 24 50

C. Collection and Bagging of Wildings 26 50 50 D. Collection and Planting of Seeds/Propagules 27 Y K E. Maintenance 30 50

F. Seedling Selection and Transport 31 50 , 40

G. Nursery Costs 32 50 , 40 50

IV. Outplanting 33 50 A. Physical Interventions 33 100 B. Site Selection 35 100 100 C. Planting Strategy 36 100

D. Outplanting Protocols 38 100

E. Problems 39 100

F. Protection and Maintenance 41 100

G. Monitoring 43 100 H. Outplanting Costs 49 50 50

V. Organizing Communities 52 100 ,

A. Basic concepts 52 100 ,

B. Organizing Communities in Mangrove Areas 53 50 , 40

C. Formation of a Support Group 53 50 , 40 50 D. Organizing Steps 53 50

VI. Conclusions 82 100 100 References 84 100 100

Glossary 88 100 100

Appendices 90 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 PAGE 6 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 50

Acknowledgements 50 100

100 The Community-Based Mangrove Rehabilitation Project, and this subsequent 100 publication, have been made possible by generous funding from the Big Lot- 100 100 tery Fund (UK). Additional financial support from the Zoological Society of 100

London, Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) and project 100

partners was also invaluable in achieving the great successes of the project. 100

We would like to give particular thanks to the following individuals and or- 75 , 66 75 , 66 ganisations for their enthusiasm and commitment to mangrove conservation. 75

Without them, the success of this Project and this publication would not have 75

been possible. 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 Community groups 50

Barangay Pedada Fisherfolk Association 100 Bugtongbato Fisherfolk Association 100 Buntod Katibyugan ka mga Mangingisda kag Kababaenhan 100 100

Katilingban sang Magagmay nga Mangingisda sa Dolores 100 Naisud Mangrove and Aquatic Organization 100

New Balaring Mangrove Association 100 100 C M Government bodies 50 50 50 Ajuy, Iloilo Local Government Unit Y K

British Foreign and Commonwealth Office 50 Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Department Environment and Natural Resources 50 , 40 50 , 40 Department of Labour and Employment 50

Department of Tourism 50 Guimaras Environment and Natural Resources Office 100 Ibajay, Aklan Local Government Unit 100 Iloilo City Local Government Unit 100 Iloilo Provincial Local Government Unit 100 100 Ivisan, Capiz Local Government Unit 100

Leganes, Iloilo Local Government Unit 100

National Commission on Indigenous Peoples 100

Nueva Valencia, Guimaras Local Government Unit 50

Office of the Provincial Agriculturist – Aklan 50

Office of the Provincial Agriculturist – Capiz 100 ,

Office of the Provincial Agriculturist – Iloilo 100 ,

Panay, Capiz Local Government Unit 50 , 40 50 , 40

Philippine Coast Guard 50 Philippine Embassy – London 50

Philippine National Police 100 100

NGOs 100

Capiz Medical Society 100 100 Haribon Foundation 100

Iloilo Code of Non-Governmental Organisations 100

Iloilo Fish Producers Association 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 7 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0 100 100 100 100 Philbikers 100

100 Philippine Association of Chemical Engineers Philippine Business for Social Progress 100

100 Project Seahorse Foundation for Marine Conservation

50 Rotary Club

50 UP Aquaculture Society 50 , 40

50 , 40 Women in Maritime Philippines 100 ,

100 , Funding agencies

100 , UK Big Lottery Fund 100 , Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)

100 Pew Fellows Program in Marine Conservation 100 Philippine Tropical Forest Conservation Foundation 100 United Nations Development Program – Small Grants Program 100

100 Academia and research bodies 100

100 Aklan State University – Ibajay Campus

100 Basiao National High School

50 Filamer Christian University 50

50 , 40 Fort San Pedro National High School

50 , 40 Ivisan National High School

100 , John B. Lacson Foundation – Maritime University

100 , La Paz National High School K Luca National High School Y 50

50 Magamay National High School 100

M Nabitasan National High School C 100 Naisud National High School

100 Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College – Ajuy Campus 100 Nueva Valencia National High School 100 Pawa National High School 100 Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center – Aquaculture Department 100

100 St. Therese Maritime Training Centre University of the Philippines – Visayas 50

50 University of the Philippines – Marine Science Institute 50 , 40 Western Institute of Technology – Iloilo 50 , 40 West Visayas College of Science and Technology 50

50 Individuals

50 Alison Debney Gil Jacinto Mike Russell 50 Anabelle Plantilla Glenn Bristow Ralph Armond 100 Azucena Doligosa Jonathan Baillie Renato Agbayani 100 Caridad Jimenez Juancito Jastillano Robin Bidwell 100

100 Didi Baticados Keita Furukawa Samantha Roberts

100 Emily Sheath Maricar Samson Severino Salmo

100 Fernando Siringan Matthew Gollock Tomonari Okada 100

100 Images are provided by the ZSL-CMRP Project, unless credited otherwise. 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 8 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 50

List of Tables, Figures, Boxes and 50 100

Appendices 100 100 100

Tables 100 100

Table 1 Philippine mangrove species and families 100

Table 2 Characteristics of common mangrove species 100 Table 3 Valuation of mangrove services 75 , 66 Table 4 CMRP sites in Panay and Guimaras 75 , 66 Table 5 Natural regeneration vs. planting 75 Table 6 Summary of CMRP nurseries 75 Table 7 Mangrove fruit maturity and collection time 50 , 40 50 , 40 Table 8 CMRP nursery costs 50

Table 9 CMRP outplanting costs 50 Table 10 CMRP outplanting summary 100 Table 11 Philippine mangrove laws 100 100 100

Figures 100

Figure 1 Mangroves in the intertidal zone; suitable planting sites 100 100 Figure 2 Tidal and estuarine zone location of mangroves 100 C M Figure 3 Sonneratia alba plantations in Ermita, Dumangas, Iloilo 50

Figure 4 Common mangrove colonising species 50 50 Figure 5 Mangrove functions (artwork by Ta Luu) Y K Figure 6 Wrong planting of Rhizophora spp. seedlings 50

Figure 7 Horizontal and vertical erosion of the coastline 50 , 40 50 , 40

Figure 8 Growth of planted Avicennnia marina in Leganes, Iloilo 50

Figure 9 Abandoned fishponds reverted to mangroves 50

Figure 10 CMRP sites for mangrove rehabilitation in Panay and 100

Guimaras 100 Figure 11 Raising the profile of the CMRP through print media 100 Figure 12 Volunteer planting by local groups and communities 100 100 Figure 13 Avicennia marina seedling banks 100

Figure 14 Sonneratia alba wildings in abandoned ponds 100

Figure 15 Tidal patterns in the Philippines 100 Figure 16 CMRP site selection in Leganes, Iloilo 50 Figure 17 Large-scale mangrove nurseries 50

Figure 18 Small-scale/backyard mangrove nurseries 100 ,

Figure 19 The importance of site selection 100 , Figure 20 Using a tidal calendar for planning mangrove activities 50 , 40 50 , 40 Figure 21 Equipment needed for planting activities 50

Figure 22 Steps to successful outplanting of mangroves 50 Figure 23 Seeds and wildings of different mangrove species 100 Figure 24 Locating Sonneratia alba wildings in abandoned ponds 100 100 Figure 25 Bagging wildings 100

Figure 26 Innovative nursery techniques 100

Figure 27 Germination and nursery of Sonneratia alba 100

Figure 28 Maintaining plants within a nursery 100

Figure 29 Pests of Rhizophora propagules 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 9 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0 100 100 100 100 Figure 30 Transportation of mangrove seedlings 100

100 Figure 31 Effect of tidal elevation on mangrove survival

100 Figure 32 Barriers reduce wave energy and trap sediment

100 Figure 33 Breakwater at Pedada, Iloilo

50 Figure 34 Beach profile of Pedada, Iloilo, 2010-2012 50

50 , 40 Figure 35 Physical protection of mangrove plantations

50 , 40 Figure 36 Wildings used for enrichment planting

100 , Figure 37 Mangrove seedling sources and planting density 100 , Figure 38 Planting tips 100 , Figure 39 Maintenance: removal of nets and algae 100 , Figure 40 Barnacles growing on Sonneratia alba and Avicennia 100 marina 100 Figure 41 Importance of political support 100

100 Figure 42 How to standardise plant height measurements

100 Figure 43 Using fixed quadrats to monitor growth and survival

100 Figure 44 Different materials tested as plant tags

100 Figure 45 Growth and survival of Avicennia marina and Sonneratia 100 alba at two sites 50 Figure 46 Nodal measurements in Rhizophora and related genera 50

50 , 40 Figure 47 MCI meeting 50 , 40 Figure 48 Exhibit opening for IYOF 100 , Figure 49 ZSL and Ibajay, Aklan LGU MOA signing 100 , Figure 50 LRA FGD in Ibajay, Aklan K Y 50 Figure 51 Cross visit to Aklan 50 Figure 52 Leadership training of BPFA 100 M C

100 Figure 53 Mangrove ecology training of NewBAMA

100 Figure 54 LMT training

100 Figure 55 Bantay Gubat training

100 Figure 56 CRM planning, Ivisan, Capiz 100 Figure 57 IYOF film showing in INVNHS 100 Figure 58 Billboard installation in Panay, Capiz 100 Figure 59 Study visit of pupils to Ibajay KII 50

50 Figure 60 KII Eco-park launching 50 , 40 Figure 61 KAMAMADO milkfish culture in cages 50 , 40 Figure 62 PCRA in Ivisan, Capiz

50 Figure 63 Policy development workshop Ajuy, Iloilo 50 Figure 64 Barangay consultation in Ibajay, Aklan 50 Figure 65 MOA signing with NIPSC 50

100 Figure 66 NIPSC students outplanting

100 Figure 67 NIPSC newsletter: The Projection

100 Figure 68 Plantations complete the Ivisan, Capiz mangrove 100 greenbelt 100 100 Boxes 100

100 Box 1 Mangrove services 50 Box 2 Definitions 50 50 , 40 Box 3 Mangrove seedling banks 50 , 40 Box 4 About tides

75 Box 5 Criteria for mangrove rehabilitation sites 75

75 , 66 Box 6 DENR CBFMA requirements 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 10 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Box 7 MCI composition, roles and contributions 50

Box 8 Search for Sonneratia alba wildings 50

Box 9 Protocols for Sonneratia alba germination 100

Box 10 Natural Regeneration enhanced by barriers 100 Box 11 Mangrove threats 100 Box 12 Community decision tree 100 100 Box 13 The Community Organizer 100

Box 14 LRA training design 100

Box 15 ZSL indicators of a functional PO 100

Box 16 PO Organizational Diagnosis tool 75 , 66

Box 17 Guide to CBL formulation 75 , 66 75 Box 18 Basic Leadership Training Design 75 Box 19 Leadership Skills Training Design Box 20 Training design on Empowering Dispute Resolution 50 , 40 50 , 40 Management Program 50

Box 21 Training Design on Simple Bookkeeping 50 Box 22 Training Design on Mangrove Ecology Training 100 Box 23 Local Monitoring Team hands-on training 100 100 Box 24 Paralegal Training for mangrove community forest guards 100

Box 25 Training on Sustainable Coastal Resource Management 100

Box 26 Steps in Business Planning 100 Box 27 PO capacity building in managing KII 100 100 Box 28 Graph in income change of POs managing KII C M 50 Box 29 Data on visitors’ arrival in KII ecopark 2010-2012 50 50 Box 30 Trends in KII ecopark income 2010-2012 Y K

Box 31 Milkfish culture in cages: Case summary 50 Box 32 CBFMA flow chart 50 , 40 Box 33 CRMF outline 50 , 40 Box 34 CBFMA timeline 50 Box 35 Steps in CRM Planning 50 100 Box 36 Steps in Policy Formulation 100

Box 37 Outline of the Ivisan MFC 100

Box 38 Summary of LGU counterparts 100 Box 39 Schools’ contribution to CMRP targets 100 Box 40 PO strategic planning guide 100 Box 41 PO capacity building matrix 100 100 50

Appendices 50

Appendix 1 Monitoring sheet for growth 100 ,

Appendix 2 Sample MOA with LGU 100 , Appendix 3 Household survey tool 50 , 40 50 , 40 Appendix 4 Bio and Socioecoprofile of Dolores 50 Appendix 5 KII Business Plan 50 Appendix 6 KAMAMADO CRMF 100 Appendix 7 KAMAMADO 2009 to 2010 AWP 100 100 Appendix 8 Ivisan CRM Plan 100

Appendix 9 MFC Ivisan 100

Appendix 10 Pedada Village Policies 100 Appendix 11 LGU Leganes Mangrove Ordinance 100 Appendix 12 LGU Ibajay Mangrove Ordinance 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 11 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0 100 100 100 100 100

100 acronyms and abbreviations 100

100 ADB Asian Development Bank

50 ASU Aklan State University

50 AWP Annual Work Plan 50 , 40

50 , 40 BIDEF Bohol Integrated Development Foundation

100 , BDTC Barangay Dolores Tourism Council 100 , BFA Bugtongbato Fisherfolk Association 100 , BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources 100 , BFARMC Barangay Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management

100 Council 100 BLGU Barangay Local Government Unit 100 BPFA Barangay Pedada Fisherfolk Association 100 CAO City Agriculture Office/Officer 100

100 CBFMA Community-Based Forest Management Agreement

100 CBL Constitution and By-Laws 100 CENRO City Environment and Natural Resources Office/Officer

50 CLET Coastal Law Enforcement Team 50

50 , 40 CMRP Community-based Mangrove Rehabilitation Project in the 50 , 40 Philippines

100 , CNO Certificate of Non-Overlap 100 , CRM Coastal Resource Management K Y 50 CRMF Community Resources Management Framework 50 DA Department of Agriculture 100 M

C DAO Department Administrative Order 100 DBP Development Bank of the Philippines 100

100 DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources

100 DILG Department of Interior and Local Government 100 DOLE Department of Labor and Employment 100 DOT Department of Tourism 100 DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development 50 ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate 50 50 , 40 ECP Environmentally Critical Project 50 , 40 EENP Environmental Education Network of the Philippines

50 EIS Environmental Impact Statement 50 ELE Environmental Law Enforcement 50 EMB Environment Management Bureau 50 FAO Fisheries Administrative Order 100

100 FCU Filamer Christian University

100 FLA Fishpond Lease Agreement

100 FLMA Forest Land Management Agreement 100 FMS Forest Management Section 100 FRMD Fisheries Resources Management Division 100

100 IEC Information, Education and Communication IGP Income Generating Project 50

50 IRR Implementing Rules and Regulations 50 , 40

50 , 40 JAO Joint Administrative Order JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation 75 JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 12 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 KACUSA Katunggan sa Culajao Salbaron Association 50

KAMAMADO Katilingban sang Magagmay nga Mangingisda sa Dolores 50

KASAMA Kalibo Save the Mangrove Association 100

KII Katunggan it Ibajay 100 KRA Key Result Area 100 LCE Local Chief Executive 100 100 LGA Line Government Agency 100

LGC Local Government Code 100

LGU Local Government Unit 100

LMS Land Management Section 75 , 66

LRA Local Research Assistant 75 , 66 75 MAO Municipal Agriculture Office/Officer 75 MCI Mangrove Convergence Initiative MCS Mangrove Community Structure 50 , 40 50 , 40 MENRO Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office/ 50

Officer 50 MEO Municipal Engineering Office/Officer 100 MFARMC Municipal Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management 100 100 Council 100

MGB Magandang Gabi Bayan 100

MLGU Municipal Local Government Unit 100 MNR Ministry of Natural Resources 100 100 MOA Memorandum of Agreement C M 50 MOU Memorandum of Understanding 50 50 MPDO Municipal Planning and Development Office/Officer Y K

MRF Material Recovery Facility 50 NAMAO Naisud Mangrove and Aquatic Organization 50 , 40 NCIP National Commission on Indigenous People 50 , 40 NewBAMA New Balaring Mangrove Association 50 NFA National Food Authority 50 100 NGO Non-Government Organization 100

NIPAS National Integrated Protected Areas System 100

NIPSC Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College 100 OIC Officer-In-Charge 100 O&M Operation and Management 100 PAMB Protected Area Management Board 100 100

PBSP Philippine Business for Social Progress 50

PD Presidential Decree 50 PENRO Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office/ 100 , Officer 100 ,

PICHE Philippine Association of Chemical Engineers 50 , 40 50 , 40

PLEFMC Punta Lusaran Ermita Fisherfolk Multi-purpose 50

Cooperative 50

PO People’s Organization 100

PSFMC Project Seahorse Foundation for Marine Conservation 100

PTFCF Philippine Tropical Forest Conservation Foundation 100

RA Republic Act 100 RD Regional Director 100 100

SAVIMA San Vicente Mangrove Association 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 13 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0 100 100 100 100 SEAFDEC AQD Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center – 100

100 Aquaculture Department

100 SEC Securities and Exchange Commission

100 SB Sangguniang Bayan

50 SUMACORE Sustainable Management of Coastal Resources 50

50 , 40 TINMAR Taklong Island National Marine Reserve

50 , 40 TK Tanggol Kalikasan

100 , TWG Technical Working Group 100 , UNDP United Nations Development Program 100 , UNDP-GEF-SGP United Nations Development Program – Global 100 , Environment Facility – Small Grants Program 100 UP MSI University of the Philippines – Marine Science Institute 100 UPV University of the Philippines in the Visayas 100

100 UP Aquasoc University of the Philippines – Aquaculture Society

100 WIMAPHIL Women in Maritime Philippines

100 WVCST West Visayas College of Science and Technology 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 100 , 100 , K Y 50 50 100 M C 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 1 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 50

Executive Summary 50 100

The Community-based Mangrove Rehabilitation Project of the Zoological So- 100 ciety of London ran from 2008 to 2012 with the aim of increasing coastal pro- 100 tection, food resources and livelihood income of coastal communities in Panay 100 100 and Guimaras by rehabilitating abandoned government-leased fishponds to 100

mangroves, re-establishing legally mandated coastal greenbelts, and securing 100

tenure on coastal land through Community-based Forest Management Agree- 100 ments (CBFMAs). During the course of the CMRP, close to 100,000 mangroves 75 , 66 were planted, with the rehabilitation of 107.8 hectares (56.3 ha fishponds and 75 , 66 51.5 ha greenbelt) of mangrove forest underway. More than 4,000 people have 75 been actively engaged in the planting, with many receiving intensive training. 75 Six peoples’ organizations were established or strengthened, with one of these 50 , 40 50 , 40 being awarded a CBFMA and five more onstream. These four years have pro- 50

vided many important lessons in mangrove rehabilitation, for both nursery 50 and growout phases. 100 100

The following strategies should be considered the 20 Golden Rules of man- 100

grove rehabilitation: 100 100 1. Assisted regeneration of mangroves through active planting of seed- 100

lings and wildings is required in areas of extensive historic deforestation 100 100 with highly dependent communities vulnerable to typhoons with low food C M security. 50 50 50 2. Target rehabilitation areas should be in an intertidal location exposed Y K

during neap low tide (instead of spring low tide, the current practice), and 50 reached by seawater during neap high tide. The middle and upper inter- tidal zones are therefore the most favorable. 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 3. Small, backyard nurseries enable communities to produce sufficient 50

numbers of healthy mangrove seedlings such as Avicennia marina, for 100

planting. 100

4. Wildings make an excellent source of plants for rehabilitation, but should 100 be harvested sustainably so as not to affect natural recruitment. 100 100

5. Seafront planting is more successful using adapted seafront species, 100

particularly Sonneratia alba, and by using taller, nursery reared saplings 100

of at least 0.5-1 m height. 100 50

6. Rhizophora (bakhaw) propagules generally do not grow well in sea- 50 front zones and therefore cannot be relied upon for mangrove rehabilita- 100 , tion in greenbelts. 100 ,

7. Fixed quadrat monitoring is the simplest, most efficient and robust 50 , 40 50 , 40

form of monitoring for large scale rehabilitation initiatives. 50

8. Active fishpondsshould maintain or achieve a ratio of 4 ha mangroves: 50 1 ha pond area for ecological sustainability. 100 100

9. Inner abandoned fishponds more easily revert to mangrove forests 100

than exposed seafronts, but they have more complex tenurial issues. 100 10. Protective structures, including breakwaters and barriers, may be re- 100 quired in highly eroded areas with strong wave action to protect young 100 100 mangrove plants. 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 2 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 11. Fences and signage can help protect young mangrove plants from boat 100

100 traffic, fishing and gleaning activities, and domestic and wild animals.

100 12. Local government and community support is required from the 100 outset for successful implementation of community-based mangrove re- 50 habilitation projects. 50 50 , 40 13. Partnerships with local government, schools and technical support and 50 , 40 specialist groups enhance the scale and scope of mangrove rehabilitation. 100 ,

100 , 14. Engagement, mobilization and training empower local communi-

100 , ties in mangrove rehabilitation projects. 100 , 15. ‘No Pay’ Planting should be promoted, where communities appreciate 100 and recognize the importance of their mangrove resources to their liveli- 100 hoods and their contribution of labor is the basis for ownership. 100

100 16. Counterpart funding should be mobilized from communities and part-

100 ner organizations, to maximize resources and underpin the collaborative 100 approach to rehabilitation projects. 100

100 17. Tenurial instruments, such as the CBFMA, can be used to sustain com-

50 munity initiatives in the long term. 50

50 , 40 18. Livelihoods should only be established if they are economically, ecologi-

50 , 40 cally and culturally sustainable. 100 , 19. Restoration of protective and productive greenbelts should 100 , be seen a means of securing better livelihoods for coastal communities K Y 50 through increased resilience against natural disasters and higher fisheries 50 productivity. 100 M C 100 20. Mangrove ecoparks protect mangroves, provide a means of income and

100 pride to local communities, and are a powerful educational and awareness 100 raising tool. 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 3 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 50

introduction 50 100

Mangroves are intertidal shrubs and trees found in the tropics and subtropics. 100 They grow at or above mean sea level or MSL (Fig. 1) which is tidally inundated 100 not more than 30% of the time (Kjerfve, 1990). That is, the middle to upper 100 100 intertidal zone, and not the lower levels with mudflats and sometimes seagrass 100

beds. This means that the currently popular practice of planting more in the 100

latter habitats and the lower intertidal zone is ecologically misguided. 100 75 , 66 75 , 66 tAblE 1. Mangrove species and families in the Philippines 75 75

Family Species Family Species 50 , 40 50 , 40 Acanthaceae 1. Acanthus ebracteatus Myrtaceae 18. Osbornia octodonta 50

2. A. ilicifolius 50

3. A. volubilis Palmae 19. Nypa fruticans 100

Avicenniaceae 4. Avicennia alba 100 Rhizophoraceae 20. Bruguiera cylindrica 100 5. A. officinalis

21. B. gymnorrhiza 100 6. A. marina 22. B. parviflora 100 7. A. rumphiana

23. B. sexangula 100

Bombacaceae 8. Camptostemon 24. Ceriops decandra 100 25. C. tagal 100 philippinensis C M 26. Kandelia obovata 50

Combretaceae 9. Lumnitzera littorea 27. Rhizophora apiculata 50 a 50 10. L. racemosa 28. R. lamarckii Y

a K

11. L. rosea 29. R. mucronata 50 30. R. stylosa

Euphorbiaceae 12. Excoecaria agallocha 50 , 40 50 , 40

Rubiaceae 31. Scyphiphora 50 13. Pemphis acidula Lythraceae hydrophyllacea 50

Meliaceae 14. Xylocarpus granatum 100 Sonneratiaceae 32. Sonneratia alba

15. X. moluccensis 100 33. S. caseolaris 100 Myrsinaceae 16. Aegiceras corniculatum 34. S. gulngaia 17. A. floridum 35. S. ovata 100 100

Sources: Brown & Fischer, 1920; Arroyo, 1979; Fernando & Pancho, 1980; Tomlinson, 1986; Spalding et al., 1997; Yao, 1999 100 a Hybrids 100 100 50

A. MAngrovE ZonAtion And SpEciES SElEction 50 100 ,

Globally, there are some 50-60 species of mangroves belonging to 16 fami- 100 , lies, more than 50 of them in the Indo-Pacific (Polidoro et al, 2010; Spalding 50 , 40 50 , 40 et al, 2010) and ~35 species in the Philippines alone (Table 1; Primavera et 50

al, 2004). Mangrove species distribution is influenced by tidal elevation and 50 flooding regime, salinity pattern, substrate and other factors. Species may 100 be distributed both vertically according to low, mid, and high tidal level, and 100 horizontally from downstream, intermediate and upstream (Fig. 2). Low el- 100 100

evation species are Avicennia marina, A. alba and Sonneratia alba coastally 100

and Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia caseolaris, Xylocarpus granatum 100

and Nypa fruticans in intermediate to upstream brackishwater areas. High 100

elevation species are Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Lumnitzera racemosa in 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 17 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 4 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 Fig. 1. 100

100 Location of mangroves 100

100 in relation to other coastal 50 habitats, and 50

50 , 40 tidal elevation 50 , 40 suitable (✓) 100 , for planting 100 , (mid- to upper 100 , intertidal). 100 , Lower intertidal

100 and subtidal

100 sites (✗)

100 experience high

100 mortality. 100 100 100 100 coastal, high salinity areas and A. officinalis, B. cylindrica, Ceriops tagal and 50

50 Heritiera littoralis in estuarine sites. Environmental factors of hydrology, sa- 50 , 40 linity, substrate, rainfall and freshwater supply also affect mangrove growth. 50 , 40

100 , Therefore species selection for any mangrove restoration project will depend 100 , primarily on the species match for the physical characteristics of a given site K Y 50 (Table 2), and secondarily on the objectives for rehabilitation. The 5-year old

50 Sonneratia alba plantation along the sandy Dumangas, Iloilo beach front 100 M illustrates a perfect site-species matching (Fig. 3). In 2007, unwed couples first C 100 planted A. marina and S. alba seedlings (provided by a Pew fellowship grant) 100

100 as requirement for free wedding rites. All the A. marina and later batches of 100 100 Fig. 2. 100

100 Tidal zone (high, mid and low) 50

50 and estuarine 50 , 40 zone (up-, 50 , 40 mid- and down- stream) location 50

50 of mangroves

50 (Duke, 2006). 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 18 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 5 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 tAblE 2. Site characteristics of common mangrove species with local names 50

intertidal zone Estuarine Salinity Substrate remarks 50

(position) a position a 100

Avicennia marina Lower Downstream Wide range Varied Front liner 100 (bungalon/apiapi) 100 Avicennia alba Lower Mid- to Full salinity Sandy- Front liner 100 (bungalon/apiapi) downstream muddy 100 Sonneratia alba Lower Downstream Full salinity Sandy- Front liner 100 100 (pagatpat) muddy 100 Rhizophora stylosa Lower Downstream Full salinity Sandy Behind A. marina-S. alba (bakhaw bato) zone, other sheltered sites 75 , 66 75 , 66 Rhizophora apiculata Lower Downstream Full to Sandy to Behind A. marina-S. alba 75

(bakhaw lalaki) brackish muddy zone, along riverbanks, 75 other sheltered sites, e.g., lagoons 50 , 40 50 , 40 Rhizophora mucronata Lower to Mid- to Brackish Muddy Along tidal creeks and 50

(bakhaw babae) middle downstream rivers 50 Bruguiera cylindrica Middle to Midstream Brackish Muddy Often found along tidal 100

upper creeks 100 Ceriops decandra Middle Midstream Brackish Muddy Colonizer, invades 100 grassland 100 100 A. rumphiana Middle Midstream to Brackish Muddy Often landward upstream 100 100 A. officinalis Middle Midstream to Brackish Muddy Often landward 100 C M upstream 50

Xylocarpus granatum, Middle to Midstream Brackish Muddy Dioecious, leaves turn 50 50 X. moluccensis upper brown, orange, red then Y K

fall 50 Heritiera littoralis Upper Midstream to Brackish to Muddy-clay Landward, rarely near the 50 , 40 upstream fresh sea 50 , 40 a Refer to Fig. 2. 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Photos JH Primavera 50 50

Fig. 3. 100 ,

Reproducing 100 ,

Sonneratia alba 50 , 40

plantations 50 , 40 50 along the Ermita, 50 Dumangas, 100 Iloilo seafront. 100 100 In contrast, Avicennia 100 100 marina and Rhizophora all 100 100 died <1 yr after planting. 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 19 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 6 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 100 100

100 Fig. 4. Common 100 mangrove

50 colonizers are

50 identified by 50 , 40

50 , 40 their fruits and

100 , roots – pencil

100 , pneumatophores for Avicennia 100 ,

100 , marina, cone-like 100 pneumatophores 100 for Sonneratia 100 alba, and prop/ 100 stilt roots for 100 Rhizophora spp. 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 100 ,

100 , Rhizophora spp. died due to infestations of filamentous algae and barnacles. K Y 50 Only pagatpat S. alba survived and bore flowers and fruits after 4 yr. 50

100 Fringing mangroves in the Philippines and the rest of Southeast Asia are natu- M C 100 rally lined by a band of A. marina and/or S. alba frontliners with Rhizophora

100 stylosa and R. apiculata (Fig. 4) immediately behind. Not many other species 100 100

100 Fig. 5.

100 The importance

100 of mangroves

50 is beautifully

50 illustrated by 50 , 40

50 , 40 Vietnamese artist Ta Luu. 50 50 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 20 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 7 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 box 1. 50 regulating: Protection of beaches and coastlines from storm surges, waves and floods, Mangrove 50

Ecosystem Reduction of beach and soil erosion; Stabilization of land by trapping sediments; Water 100 Services quality maintenance; Water regulation (groundwater recharge and discharge, flood and flow control); Climate regulation (maintenance of air quality, temperature, precipitation); 100 (Millennium 100 Ecosystem provisioning: Subsistence and commercial fisheries; Aquaculture (small-scale, traditional); 100

Assessment, Hunting; Honey; Fuelwood; Building materials; Traditional medicines 100 2005) cultural: Tourism and recreation; Spiritual and cultural 100 100

Supporting: Storage and recycling of nutrients; Pollution control and detoxification; 100 Nursery habitats 75 , 66 75 , 66 75

are able to withstand the extreme conditions of exposure and wave action. 75 A wider species diversity can be found in the middle to landward sections of 50 , 40 mangrove forests with a range of substrates, salinities and tidal variation, and 50 , 40 where biodiversity concerns can be addressed. 50 50 100

b. MAngrovE FunctionS And vAluAtion 100 100

tAblE 3. Valuation of mangrove servicesa Mangrove systems have 100 Examples of value contributed significantly 100 Service (uS$/ha/yr)b to the well-being of coastal 100 communities through a 100 100 Raw materials and food 484-585 C M wide array of ecosystem 50

Coastal protection 8,966-10,821 services (Fig. 5) which 50 50 have been classified into Y Erosion control 3,679 K regulating, provisioning, 50

Maintenance of fisheries 708-987 cultural and supporting 50 , 40 50 , 40

(Box 1). The total value of 50 Carbon sequestration 30-50

such services ranges from 50

TOTAL 14,166-16,142 US$14,000 to $16,000/ 100

ha/yr, with the biggest 100 a Barbier et al, 2012 contribution from coastal 100 b No estimates available for a) water purification, and b) tourism, recreation , education and research. protection (Table 3). 100 100 100

c. MAngrovE StAtuS 100 100

Mangroves are found in some 120 countries covering 14-15 million ha, of which 50

a third is in Southeast Asia (Giri et al 2010, Spalding et al 2010). Mangrove de- 50

cline from 18 million ha in the early to mid-1990s (Spalding et al 1997) shows 100 ,

a drastic mangrove decrease worldwide within the last few decades. Estimated 100 ,

to cover 400,000-500,000 ha (Brown and Fischer, 1918) at the turn of the 50 , 40 50 , 40 century, Philippine mangroves have declined to 256,000-263,000 ha (Giri et 50

al 2010, Long and Giri 2011, Spalding et al 2010) due to overexploitation by 50

coastal dwellers, and conversion to agriculture, salt ponds, industry and settle- 100

ments. Among these factors, aquaculture remains the major cause – around 100 half of the 279,000 ha of mangroves lost from 1951 to 1988 were developed 100 100

into culture ponds (Primavera, 1997). Although the country appears to have 100

significant mangrove areas remaining, some provinces like Iloilo have up to 100

95% of total mangrove area converted to ponds (E. Hortillosa, unpub. thesis, 100

2008). 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 21 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 8 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 To minimize the impacts of pond construction on mangrove ecosystems and 100

100 their associated fisheries, Saenger et al (1983) recommended that “…the

100 amount of mangrove forest converted into ponds should not exceed one ha

100 of ponds for four ha of natural mangrove kept untouched.” This means that

50 no more than 20% of a discrete mangrove area should be converted to ponds. 50

50 , 40 The present 256,000 ha of remaining mangroves (Long and Giri 2011) and

50 , 40 232,000 ha of fish/shrimp culture ponds in the Philippines (Primavera, 2000)

100 , give a 1:1 pond-to-mangrove ratio, which is way below the ideal 4:1 ratio. 100 , Therefore there is an urgent need to increase the country’s mangrove area by 100 , rehabilitating degraded sites, i.e., abandoned ponds and former fringing man- 100 , groves, while protecting remaining forests. 100 100

100 d. MAngrovE rEhAbilitAtion: SEAFront vS AbAndonEd pondS 100

100 This manual uses the term rehabilitation which seeks to reestablish most

100 key ecological processes, rather than restoration which is more challenging

100 as it aims to bring back the original condition (Box 2). Mangrove reforestation 100 programs focus mostly on the narrow coastal band from the lower intertidal 50 down to the subtidal zone that includes tidal flats and seagrass habitats be- 50

50 , 40 cause they are open access public lands that pose little ownership conflicts. 50 , 40 But these sites are located below the MSL (Fig. 1) and therefore are not opti- 100 , mal for mangroves, hence the generally low longterm survival rates of 10-20% 100 , (Primavera and Esteban, 2008; Samson and Rollon, 2008) of many coastal K Y 50 programs. Rhizophora are the favored planting species, however, in these 50 Avicennia/Sonneratia-dominated sites, for the big-sized propagules of the ge- 100 M C

100 nus are easy to plant and may not need to go through a nursery (Fig. 6). This

100 is best described as planting by convenience rather than ecology (Primavera

100 2005, Primavera and Esteban, 2008). Such species are far more ecologically 100

100 Fig. 6. 100 Bakhaw 100 Rhizophora spp.

50 are planted in 50

50 , 40 ecologically

50 , 40 incorrect sites – a) along the 50 beach with high 50 mortality, b) on 50 seagrass beds or 50 d) among roots 100 of Avicennia 100 marina. 100 c) Propagules 100 are set in 100 substrate to 100 check if mature 100

100 (inset). 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 22 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 9 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 box 2. Definitions (after Field, 1998) 50 50

rehabilitationaims to re-establish most, but not all, key processes and functions 100 100

restoration aims to re-establish former biodiversity and all key ecological processes and 100

functions, i.e., to bring an ecosystem back into, as nearly as possible, its original condition; 100

considered a special case of rehabilitation 100

natural regeneration (NR) restores or rehabilitates ecosystems through ecological 100 succession (e.g., natural recruits) 100 100 Assisted natural regeneration (ANR) also rehabilitates ecosystems through direct transplanting of wildings, or planting of nursery-conditioned recruits or seedlings 75 , 66 75 , 66 Afforestationis planting in non-forest habitats (e.g., tidal flats) 75 75 reforestationis rehabilitation or restoration of former forest 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 appropriate in abandoned ponds, and especially along muddy tidal creeks and 50

rivers dominated by R. mucronata, R. apiculata and other species that can 100

tolerate brackishwater salinity levels. Moreover, loss of the mangrove fringe 100

has sometimes exposed the site to wave action that erodes the margin not only 100

horizontally but also vertically, resulting in lower soil elevation as experienced 100 in Bigke, Leganes (Fig. 7). Such low-lying areas with prolonged flooding are no 100 longer optimal for mangroves (Primavera and Esteban, 2008). 100 100 100 Rather than problematic seafronts, rehabilitation projects should focus on the C M 50 middle to upper intertidal sites of former mangrove forests now occupied by 50 50 abandoned ponds (Primavera et al, 2012). Reverting hundreds to thousands Y K

of hectares of such ponds holds better promise for increasing mangrove area 50 as they are ecologically the best sites for mangrove growth (Fig. 8). Provided 50 , 40 natural hydrology is restored and propagule sources are present, such derelict 50 , 40 50

Fig. 7. 50 Loss of fringing 100 mangroves along 100 the coastline has 100 led to severe 100 100 erosion of substrate both 100 100 horizontally 100

and vertically in 50 a, b, d) Bigke, 50 Leganes, Iloilo, and c) Naisud, 100 ,

Ibajay, Aklan. 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 23 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 10 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 Fig. 8. 100 oct 2009 Mar 2011

100 Timeline of 9-ha abandoned 100

100 pond in Nabitasan, 50 Leganes, Iloilo 50

50 , 40 reverted to 50 , 40 mangrove, 100 , from initial 100 , transplanting 100 , of Avicennia 100 , marina wildings

100 in 2009, to full

100 cover. First Jan 2011 Mar 2012

100 flowering was

100 observed in

100 2011. Left

100 photos show

100 pond facing west

100 and right photos

50 facing east. 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 100 , 100 ,

K ponds will return to their mangrove state naturally in 15-20 yr (Fig. 9) or 3-5 Y 50 yr by Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) or planting (Fig. 8). Various laws 50 (e.g., DENR Admin. Order 15 of 1990, DA-DENR Memo. Order 3 of 1991, and 100 M C 100 Rep. Act 8550) mandate the cancellation of leases of abandoned, underutilized

100 and undeveloped ponds (AUU), and reversion to the Forestry Bureau of the

100 Department of Environment (DENR) for mangrove rehabilitation. Few of such 100 ponds have been reverted so far (Ferrer et al, 2011), because of problems and 100 the generally poor level of law enforcement in the country. Moreover, many 100

100 ponds with cancelled leases are declared open and available to new applicants, rather than reverted to the Forestry Bureau. 50 50

50 , 40 To facilitate implementation of laws that mandate the reversion of AUU ponds 50 , 40 to mangroves, the respective national government agencies, DA-BFAR and

50 DENR are crafting a joint order (or separate orders) that provide the imple-

50 menting rules and regulations. Nevertheless, so long as millions of low-income

50 Filipinos living along the coastline have no means of relocating to safer ground 50 (for protection from storms which are bound to increase in frequency and se- 100 verity with Climate Change), the need for seafront planting remains. 100 100

100 E. thE FlA SyStEM And AquAculturE pondS 100

100 Brackishwater culture ponds may be classified according to tenure and op- 100 erational status. Tenurial status may be public (covered by a Fishpond Lease 100 Agreement or FLA with the government) or private (with a title). Other ponds 50

50 may be covered by a tax declaration (issued by the local government), or un- 50 , 40 documented. Regardless of tenurial status, the ponds may either be operation- 50 , 40 al, non-operational (= abandoned) or converted to other uses (e.g., saltbeds,

75 housing projects). 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 24 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 11 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 The release of mangroves for pond construction was mainly through the FLA 50

system which granted a maximum area of 25-100 ha to individuals, and 250- 50

500 ha to corporations for a fee of PhP50/ha/yr. Pond construction peaked 100

at 5,000 ha/yr in the 1950s-70s with US$23.6 million in loans from external 100 development agencies for pond development and operation (Primavera, 1995) 100 through such conduits as the Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP). 100 100 Although the FLAs did not confer ownership, they were endorsed by the the 100

BFAR and accepted as collateral for loans. Records of the DBP show a total 100

of PhP124.6 million released 1947-79 for 3,412 loans covering 48,432 ha of 100

public land as collateral (Yap, unpub. report). By such mechanism have wide 75 , 66

mangrove areas been lost from the public domain – through transfer from 75 , 66 75 the Forestry Bureau temporarily to the Fisheries Bureau and permanently to 75 development banks (through foreclosed loans), and eventually private owner- ship. 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 A survey covering operational ponds in 385 FLA sites in four regions to assess 50

the effectiveness of the FLA system (Yap, unpub. report) showed that a) almost 100

half were operated by persons other than the leaseholders, b) up to a third were 100

partially developed, and c) the fully developed ponds had either deteriorated 100

over time or had big compartment sizes with no pumps and aerators. The low 100 yearly rent (PhP50 =US$25, 1960s) to lease public land (mangroves) meant to 100 100

encourage pond development instead became an incentive to claim large areas 100

and a disincentive to productivity because it could easily be paid (from sales 100 C M of timber from felled mangrove trees). The increase to PhP1000/ha/yr ($20/ 50

ha/yr) first proposed in 1991, finally passed into law (Republic Act 8550) only 50 50 Y

after 7 years due to lobbying of the pond industry. Yet pond operators refused K to comply, challenging R.A. 8850 in court and it would take another 7 years for 50

the court to dismiss the complaint and uphold the law. Nevertheless, present 50 , 40 50 , 40 fee collections are very low (Yap, unpub. report). 50 50

Fig. 9. 100 Concrete gates 100 are the only 100 evidence that 100 these sites in 100 a, c) Calatagan, 100 Batangas, b) 100 Barotac Nuevo, 100 50 Iloilo, and d) Tangalan, 50

Aklan were 100 ,

once culture Photos J.H. Primavera 100 ,

ponds. Natural 50 , 40 50 , 40

regeneration 50 back to 50

mangroves takes 100 15-20 yr. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 12 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 A more recent survey evaluated disused (=abandoned) ponds in 62 FLA 100

100 areas (representing 84% of total cancelled FLAs in 4 provinces in West-

100 ern Visayas (Ferrer et al, 2011). Due to many problems in the processes of

100 lease cancellation and reversion in jurisdiction to DENR, a lower number

50 of leases was cancelled than the actual abandoned areas. Of the abandoned 50

50 , 40 ponds surveyed, only 23% were suitable for reforestation because the oth-

50 , 40 ers were located in lower intertidal or foreshore areas. Moreover, some

100 , fishpond leases were obtained for use as collateral to obtain bank loans for 100 , pond development, with no intention to develop the ponds nor pay back the 100 , loans. For areas suited to mangrove reversion, the benefits of such far out- 100 , weigh the costs (at 15% discount rate, the Net Present Value of Benefit rang- 100 es between US$18,544.18 and $18,783.78 while NPV of cost is only $5,924). 100 100 100

100 F. coMMunity-bASEd MAngrovE rEhAbilitAtion proJEct 100

100 To move forward the process of FLA cancellation and biophysical reversion of 100 AUU fishponds to mangroves, the Community-based Mangrove Rehabilitation 50 Project of the Zoological Society of London (ZSL-CMRP) organized a series 50

50 , 40 of conferences – a) September 2007 Workshop on Pond-Mangrove Rehabilita- 50 , 40 tion in Iloilo City, b) August 2008 Mangrove Seminar-Workshop in Tangalan, 100 , Aklan, c) December 2008 Workshop on Mangrove/Pond Governance in Iloilo 100 , City, d) 2010 Seminar-Workshop on Fishpond Lease Agreement Cancellation K Y 50 and Reversion to Mangrove Forest in Iloilo City, and e) 2012 National Man- 50 grove Conference in Iloilo City, the last two in collaboration with the German 100 M C

100 Technical Cooperation or GTZ, later the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internatio-

100 nale Zusammenarbeit or GIZ. 100 The CMRP was established as a 4-year BLF-funded project to support coastal 100

100 communities to rehabilitate abandoned government-leased fishponds and

100 re-establish the legally mandated greenbelt areas with the goal of increasing

100 coastal protection, food resources and livelihood income through the sustain-

50 able management of man- 50

50 , 40 Fig. 10. grove forests. Community- 50 , 40 CMRP sites based projects are those that for mangrove take place in community set- 50 rehabilitation 50 tings with the involvement in Panay and 50 of local stakeholders from

50 Guimaras, design to implementation.

100 central Such projects recognize the

100 Philippines: contributions made by for-

100 seafront

100 greenbelts mally structured community

100 (green squares), partners to project success.

100 and abandoned Communities are organized

100 ponds (red to bring people together to

100 circles). take collective responsibility 50 in sustaining and managing 50 50 , 40 their environment and re- 50 , 40 sources. Organized commu-

75 nities ensure local participa- 75

75 , 66 tion of men and women act- 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 26 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 13 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 tAblE 4. CMRP mangrove sites in Panay and Guimaras 50 biophysical 50 Site people’s organization Sociopolitical Modela 100 intervention (area) 100

Bgy. Ermita, None (Pew Fellows Seafront planting 100

Dumangas, Iloilo Project) (1 ha) 100 100 Abandoned Fish Pond

Bgy. Nabitasan, None (Municipal LGU, Pond reversion (9.5 100 with Protection through Leganes, Iloilo Leganes, Iloilo) ha) 100 Municipal LGU 100 Seafront planting Greenbelt with Exptal Bgy. Pedada, Bgy. PedadaFisherfolk (29.5 ha); 110 m Breakwater Protection, 75 , 66 75 , 66 Ajuy, Iloilo Association (BPFA) breakwater and and Protection through 75

Ecopark CBFMA 75

Seaward pond (6.5 Protection by Individual 50 , 40 Bgy. Culasi, Ajuy, None (Doligosa FLA

ha); converted to Operator through FLA 50 , 40 Iloilo Pond) 50 greenbelt Amendment 50

Bgy. Nanding 100 None (Jastillano FLA Experimental and

Lopez, Pond (10 ha) 100 Pond) Enrichment Planting

Dumangas, Iloilo 100

Katilingban sang Previously Cancelled 100 Bgy. Dolores, NV, Magagmay nga FLA-Abandoned Fish 100

Pond (6.4 ha) 100 Guimaras Mangingisdasa Dolores Pond with Protection (KAMAMADO) through CBFMA 100 100 C M Naisud Mangrove and 50 Bgy. Naisud,

Aquatic Organization 50 Ibajay, Aklan Abandoned pond Pond FLA Cancellation- 50 (NAMAO) and natural forest Enrichment and Forest Y K Bgy. (44.2 ha); ecopark Protection through 50 Bugtongbato Fisherfolk opened in 2010 Municipal LGU Bugtongbato, 50 , 40 Association (BFA) Ibajay, Aklan 50 , 40 50

Buntod Katibyugan ka Greenbelt and 50 Bgy. Buntod, Seafront planting

mga Mangingisda kag Protection through 100 Panay, Capiz (15 ha) Kababainhan CBFMA 100

New Balaring Greenbelt and 100 Bgy. Balaring, Seafront planting Mangrove Association Protection through 100

Ivisan, Capiz (15 ha) 100 (NewBAMA) CBFMA a After S. Lucero, unpub. report 100 100

ing together. Such communities are strong and can form alliances with other 100 groups for advocacy work. They can sustain organizational integrity and deliv- 50 er successful projects that last beyond the interventions of non-governmental 50 organisations. Community organizing is a means of socially preparing people 100 , to take more control over their lives and secure a better livelihood and future. 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40

To achieve its goals, the CMRP has developed six models in its various sites 50

(Fig. 10) which combine the biophysical interventions and sociopolitical strat- 50

egies based mainly on tenure, e.g., CBFMA, FLA Cancellation or Amendment 100

(Table 4). The latter are described in Part V (Organizing Communities) of the 100 Manual. Applying the six models above, the Project has organized the rearing 100 of 57,600 mangrove seedlings of various species in community nurseries and 100 100 the planting of 98,500 seedlings/saplings in ~20 ha of seafront sites and aban- 100

doned ponds by ~4,100 PO and NGO members, students, teachers and other 100

volunteers since 2009. It has also facilitated the construction of a 110-meter 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 27 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 14 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 Fig. 11. 100

100 Coverage of CMRP 100

100 activities by national 50 and regional 50

50 , 40 newspapers 50 , 40 has raised 100 , the profile of 100 , mangroves in 100 , the country. 100 , 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 100 , 100 ,

K breakwater and two mangrove ecoparks and has increased the profile of man- Y 50 groves through coverage by national and regional broadsheets (Fig. 11) and 50 100

M other media. C 100 The CMRP is now ready to share its substantial learnings, particularly in light 100

100 of the important role of mangroves in Climate Change mitigation and adapta-

100 tion, and the ongoing DENR and BFAR projects in mangrove rehabilitation.

100 This manual is therefore addressed both to experienced and first-time planters

100 among local communities/fisherfolk/POs, officials/employees of local govern- 100 ment units and national government agencies, e.g., BFAR, DENR; academe 50 (students and faculty of elementary, high school and college levels); civic and 50 50 , 40 other organizations (Fig. 12). 50 , 40

50 Fig. 12. 50 Government

50 fisheries agency 50 staff join ZSL 100 in planting 100 mangroves to 100 celebrate Fish 100 Conservation 100 Week. No Pay 100 Planting by 100 stakeholders is a 100 major paradigm 50 shift promoted 50

50 , 40 by the CMRP. 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 28 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 15 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Fig. 13. 50

Avicennia marina 50

seedling banks 100

a, c) created 100

by dense 100

pneumatophores 100

that slow down 100

tidal flow and 100

trap propagules; 100

b, d) fewer 100 wildings can 75 , 66 withstand wave 75 , 66 action along the 75

beach strand. 75 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 C M II. biophysical and Socioeconomic 50 50 50 Y K

considerations 50

Colonizing mangrove species whether viviparous (A. marina, R. apiculata) or 50 , 40 50 , 40 seed-bearing/ oviparous (S. alba) face difficult recruitment in fringing, over- 50

wash and riverine mangroves because tidal or river flow will wash out the prop- 50 agules. Only in landward sites reached by weakened flood tides 1-2x monthly 100 do fallen seeds or propagules have the chance to settle, germinate and/or grow. 100 100 Otherwise, trapping mechanisms whether natural (dense pneumatophores 100 100 box 3. Mangrove seedling banks: Natural and artificial barriers 100 100 Nature produces an excess of mangrove materials for the next generation with seedling 100

counts of 2,000-91,000/ha (Primavera et al, 2009) and 45,600-343,000/ha (Primavera et al, 50 2007). These numbers are for rooted recruits, those for seeds and propagules on trees, or 50 newly fallen, are even higher. Abundance of mangrove recruits over time is subject to the vicissitudes of nature, such that the severe El Nino of 2010 produced a very lean harvest 100 ,

of wildings later in the year (as reported by PO members in Capiz and Iloilo). Similarly, 100 ,

seedling patterns in space are affected by seed morphology, e.g., the small and light seeds 50 , 40

of S. alba. For the small seeds to settle, the incoming flood tide needs to pass through 50 , 40 50 extensive tidal creeks or across wide stretches of abandoned ponds so water movement can slow down. In contrast, the heavier seeds of A. marina settle early and easily at the 50 beach strand (Figs. 13, 37). 100 100

Settlement of propagules is facilitated by physical trapping among pneumatophores and 100

other roots and along the dikes of abandoned ponds (Fig. 27), thereby forming “sapling 100

banks” (Ellison, 2000). Otherwise, fruits and propagules of colonizing species which fall on 100 frequently inundated sites are normally carried away by the ebbing tide. Once roots and 100

leaves emerge, the seedling needs stability and protection from wave action (to grow into 100 a sapling) – again provided by pneumatophores, pond dikes, and the like. 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 16 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 Fig. 14. 100

100 The gates, dikes and bottom 100

100 of abandoned ponds also 50 slow down 50

50 , 40 tidal flow and 50 , 40 trap mangrove 100 , recruits that 100 , form seedling 100 , banks of 100 , Sonneratia alba. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40

100 , or pencil roots: Fig. 13) or artificial (dikes of abandoned ponds: Fig. 14) are 100 , needed to retain recruits in numbers even exceeding 300,000/ha (Primavera K Y 50 et al, 2007). Such mangroves have been called “sapling banks” (Ellison, 2000:

50 Box 3). 100 M C 100 Thus the CMRP has learned to utilize these excess wild seedlings or wildings

100 (Figs. 13, 14), which would otherwise die due to overcrowding and competi- 100 tion. Wildings (also spelled wildlings) if large enough may be directly planted 100 in degraded forests nearby (with minimum transport stress). Smaller ones 100 need conditioning in the nursery to reach 30-50 cm height. The use of wild- 100

100 ings saves time in the nursery, i.e., 6 mo-1 yr representing the period otherwise

50 spent from germination/rooting to grow to a height of 30-50 cm. However,

50 over-exploitation of wildings must be avoided, and sufficient numbers left to 50 , 40

50 , 40 allow for natural recruitment.

50 tAblE 5. Comparison of Natural Regeneration (NR) vs Assisted Natural Regeneration 50 (ANR) 50

50 natural regeneration planting or Anr 100

100 Duration to 15-20 yr min. 4 yr

100 reproduction 100 Seedling source natural recruits directly planted propagules or 100

100 wildings (recruits), or nursery seedlings 100

100 Species diversity natural species composition (few few species (if lower to middle

50 to many, depending on location) intertidal) 50 50 , 40 Site suitability seafront – recruits will flow out suitable for both seafront and 50 , 40 with tide abandoned ponds

75 abandoned pond – recruits

75 retained by dikes, other stuctures 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 17 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

box 4. All about tides 50 50 In a single tidal cycle, the sea level rises 100 on the flood tide and falls on the ebb 100

tide. There is no flow in the period 100 between flood and ebb, called slack, 100

when the lowest point (low tide) and 100

the highest point (high tide) of sea 100

level are attained. The Philippines has 100

mainly semidiurnal, or two – major 100 and minor – tides in a day. (Other 75 , 66 places have diurnal tides, or a single 75 , 66 tidal cycle over a 24-hr period.) Tidal 75 elevation depends on the lunar phase 75

such that spring tides (when tidal 50 , 40

range, or difference between high and 50 , 40 50 low tide, is greatest) occur during the 50 New Moon and Full Moon, and neap Fig. 15. The Philippines has semidiurnal tides – with a major 100 tides (range least) during First Quarter and minor tide – over a 24-hr cycle. Tidal fluctuation is greater 100

and Last Quarter. Spring and neap tides (max. 2.2 m) during spring tides during the New or Full Moon 100 occur around every two weeks. compared to neap tides during First or Last Quarter. Height of 100

tide (y-axis) and time in hr (x-axis) are approximations. 100 100

Nursery-reared plants are sturdier, and therefore preferred for outplanting, 100 100 over propagules. But the direct planting of propagules, preferably of Rhizopho- C M 50 ra spp., can be considered in exceptional cases, e.g., planting of wide areas 50 50 located in inner parts of abandoned ponds with little wave action. Such direct Y K

planting should be timed during the reproductive season when the propagules 50

are available. 50 , 40 50 , 40 The coastline and communities in the CMRP sites in Panay, where over 80% of 50

the mangrove forests have been lost, are increasingly vulnerable to typhoons 50 and storm surges, and food security is a major concern. In such circumstances, 100 more rapid intervention and recovery is required, hence our recommendation 100 for Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) through the active planting of wild- 100 100

ings and nursery seedlings rather than Natural Regeneration (NR). The latter, 100

also called Ecological Mangrove Restoration (Lewis et al, 2006; Lewis, 2009) 100

will take 15-20 yr for abandoned ponds to regain full forest canopy (Fig. 9) 100

(Primavera and Esteban, 2008), assuming that there are nearby sources of 100 wild propagules (Table 5). This is much longer than only 3-5 yr required for 50 planting in CMRP ponds (Fig. 8). Moreover, NR is possible along the seafront 50 only if barriers and fences are constructed to provide protection from wave 100 , action, boat traffic and gleaners (see IIB, Outplanting) so that natural recruits 100 , can settle and grow, unlike relatively sheltered abandoned ponds which do not 50 , 40 50 , 40 need protective structures. 50 50 100

A. biophySicAl 100 100

1) The Philippines has semidiurnal tides, meaning it has 2 tidal cycles over a 24- 100

hr period each with a Major and Minor Tide (Box 4, Fig. 15) with maximum 100

tidal range of ~2 m. Characteristics of tides are: a) Neap Tide/Spring Tide 100 and lunar phase, b) semidiurnal pattern, c) High Tide/Low Tide points, and 100 d) Flood Tide (inflow) and Ebb Tide (outflow). Exposed areas for planting 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 18 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 box 5. Criteria for mangrove rehabilitation sites – biophysical (nursery and outplanting 100

100 of seafront, abandoned ponds) and socioeconomic (LGU, PO and partners) – as applied to Lipata, Carlos P. Garcia, Bohol (2012). 100

100 a) nursery

50 Flooded during spring tide (upper intertidal) YES 50

50 , 40 Protected from wave action YES

50 , 40 Substrate firm YES

100 , Substrate flat YES 100 , Well-drained location YES 100 , Presence of trees for shade YES 100 , First 5 criteria should be YES

100 b) outplanting: seafront 100 Exposed during neap tide (low tide) NO 100

100 Protected from wave action YES

100 Substrate firm (foot does not sink above the ankle) YES

100 Remaining mangroves YES

100 First 3 criteria should be YES 100 c) outplanting: outer abandoned pond 50 Exposed during neap tide (low tide) YES 50 50 , 40 Protected from wave action YES 50 , 40 Substrate firm (foot does not sink above the ankle) NO 100 , Remaining mangroves YES 100 , First 3 criteria should be YES K Y 50 d) outplanting: inner abandoned pond 50 Not waterlogged YES 100 M C 100 Substrate firm (foot does not sink above the ankle) YES

100 e) Socio: lgu (interviews) 100 Open minded YES 100 Collaborative YES 100 Easy to work with YES 100

100 Willing to provide counterpart funds YES

50 Willing to have their staff trained YES

50 Shares common vision with the project YES 50 , 40 5/6 criteria should be YES 50 , 40 f) Socio: po 50 Present on site YES 50 Registered YES 50

50 With constitution and by-laws (CBL) YES

100 With structure YES 100 Complete set of officers YES 100 g) Socio: no po present 100 Community willing to form PO 100

100 h) Socio: partners (e.g., bFAr, dEnr, Schools)

100 Willing to provide technical / other support and guidance 100

50 sites should be identified during neap tide, rather than the spring tide (Fig.

50 15). Areas exposed during neap tide will remain above water even during 50 , 40

50 , 40 spring tide, a prerequisite for mangrove survival, as mangroves cannot stand flooding more than 30% of the time. Neap tide selection is a major paradigm 75 shift from the past protocol of selecting exposed sites during spring tide – 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 32 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 19 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Fig. 16. which turn out to 50

ZSL and be flooded when 50

Leganes LGU the neap tides fol- 100

representatives low, resulting in 100 discuss findings mortality of seed- 100

during CMRP 100 lings (as experien- site selection 100 ced in the CMRP in Nabitasan, 100

Leganes in 2009. Basyaw Cove, Gui- 100

maras site). 100

2) The above 75 , 66 75 , 66 guidelines have 75

been simplified 75

into a short check- 50 , 40

list of criteria for 50 , 40 50 selection of out- 50

planting sites in Box 5, which also gives criteria for nurseries and evalua- 100

tion questions for LGU buy-in and PO commitment. 100 100 3) Any natural or artificial beach structures that may affect tidal flow should 100

be considered. For example, a concrete seawall in Balaring, Ivisan, Capiz 100

caused a backwash of incoming waves affecting planted mangrove seed- 100 lings planted and resulting in high mortalities. 100 100 C M 50

b. Socio-EconoMic-politicAl 50 50 Y K

1) Buy-in and commitment of Local Government Units (LGUs) – the LGU, 50 having jurisdiction over mangrove management including conservation as 50 , 40 well as implementation of community based projects, must be open mind- 50 , 40 ed, collaborative, easy to work with, willing to provide counterpart funds, 50 open to having their staff trained, and share a common vision with the 50 100 project (Fig. 16). Mangrove planting projects, especially along the seafront, 100

should follow the approved municipal or city Comprehensive Land Use 100

Plan (CLUP) where specific zones are delineated for mangrove greenbelts 100 (protection), boats and other navigation, mariculture, and the like. 100 100

2) Presence of POs – as major stakeholder for community-based projects, POs 100

provide the formal structure for decision-making and sustainability. The 100 presence of POs is a minimum requirement of the DENR for securing Com- 50 munity-Based Forest Management Agreement (CBFMA) (Box 5). In sites 50

with no POs, the community must be able and willing to form one. 100 , 100 ,

3) Access to technical support or specialist groups such as the Department 50 , 40 50 , 40

of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Bureau of Fisheries and 50

Aquatic Resources (BFAR) and academic institutions e.g. University of the 50

Philippines Visayas (UPV). Such groups can converge and discuss common 100

problems and develop appropriate strategies to facilitate pond cancellation 100

and reversion to mangroves, recommend project sites, and intervene in 100

major concerns. The support group can also conduct tripartite site inspec- 100 tion for an amended FLA (Box 6). 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 33 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 20 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 box 6. CBFMA requirements of DENR 100 100 The Community Based Forest Management Agreement (CBFMA) is a renewable, 25-year 100 tenurial instrument awarded to People’s Organization (POs) by the DENR, giving them rights 100 and responsibilities over the area inclusive of utilization, protection and management. The 50 POs are required to comply the following: 50

50 , 40 • Application letter to DENR

50 , 40 • Endorsement from the Barangay LGU, MLGU, PLGU

100 , • Authorization Letter for PO President to sign document and transact business with

100 , DENR

100 , • Certificate of Registration either from DOLE or SEC

100 , • Constitution and By-Laws (CBL) • List of Members (indicating gender) with names of spouses 100 • Approved Map of the applied CBFM area 100 • CENRO and PENRO Endorsements 100 • Certification of non-overlapping of area from the National Commission on Indigenous 100 People (NCIP) 100 100

100 box 7. Composition, roles and significant contributions of the Mangrove Convergence 100 Initiative (MCI) 50

50 In September 2007 the Workshop on Mangrove Pond Reversion was conducted which is 50 , 40

50 , 40 a consultative dialogue among major stakeholders who shared information and valuable feedback on issues such as potential areas for mangrove rehabilitation taking into con- 100 , sideration the ideal 4:1 mangrove-pond ratio, as well as the discussion on more undocu- 100 , mented/illegal ponds. K Y 50 During that workshop, a resolution was passed on the need for officials of the regional of- 50 fices of BFAR and DENR to meet periodically and discuss common concerns on mangrove 100 M reversion and develop strategies to facilitate reversion. The following meetings that fol- C 100 lowed eventually led to MCI formation. 100

100 MCI composition and respective roles

100 • DA-BFAR – in charge of managing fisheries and aquatic resources

100 • DENR – agency responsible for protecting and preserving coastal and marine resources

100 and for facilitating CBFMA for the organized community groups.

100 • LGUs - have jurisdiction over aspects of mangrove management including conservation, as well as the implementation of community-based forestry projects, subject to the 50 supervision, control and review of DENR. 50

50 , 40 • Other line agencies e.g. DILG and NCIP 50 , 40 Significant Contributions of MCI:

50 • Provided the necessary information on abandoned, underutilized and undeveloped

50 (AUUs) fishponds and areas with government projects e.g. BFAR-FRMP and the DENR-

50 contract growing sites

50 • Set criteria for selecting the sites of the ZSL mangrove project in 4 provinces of Iloilo,

100 Aklan, Capiz and Guimaras

100 • Dialogued with the bank in the case of the mortgaged Gaona FLA to condone loan and

100 explore the possibility of partnership for a mangrove project

100 • Fast tracked the reversion of Ongkiko cancelled FLA in Naisud, Ibajay, Aklan back to

100 mangroves by engaging BFAR and DENR to take action

100 • Intervened with the approval of KAMAMADO’s CBFMA application by following up sta-

100 tus through written letters and telephone calls with the DENR Secretary

100 • Facilitated approval of A. Doligosa FLA amendment • Advocated for implementation of DENR-DA-DILG JAO I (Series of 2008) 50

50 • Updated partners on new policy issuances from DENR and BFAR (Fig. 47)

50 , 40 • Collaborated on activities such as Fish Conservation Week, International Year of the For- 50 , 40 est (Fig. 48) • Facilitated counterpart funding for National Mangrove Conference, Fishpond Lease 75 Agreement Workshop and other national activities. 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 21 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 50

III. nursery 50 100

Nurseries can provide mangrove seedlings of the required species in the re- 100 quired numbers and sizes at a given time. Otherwise, planting will be highly 100 dependent on the availability of propagules, seeds or wildings. Nurseries are 100 100 essential for large-scale reforestation – they meet the need for seedlings of 100

different heights, e.g., taller plants for sites with deeper water or faster sedi- 100

mentation. Additionally, nurseries provide temporary storage for excess seeds 100 and propagules produced in the fruiting season which otherwise would be lost 75 , 66 (Box 3; Figs. 13, 14). 75 , 66 75

Fig. 17. 75

Large-scale 50 , 40 mangrove 50 , 40 nurseries in a) 50 Guimaras, and 50 b, c) Southern 100 Leyte. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 C M 50

Small seeds are not suitable for direct planting as they are easily washed away 50 50 by currents; they need a nursery phase. Genera like Avicennia and Rhizophora Y K have viviparous seeds (i.e., they are already young plants while still on the 50

parent tree), which readily take root upon falling to the ground, unlike non- 50 , 40 50 , 40

viviparous Sonneratia whose seeds need a substrate for germination and 50

whose wildings are relatively rare. Survival along the seafront is higher for 50

nursery-raised seedlings (vs propagules) because their woody stems and de- 100

veloped roots and bigger sizes can better withstand barnacle infestation and 100 wave action. In contrast, these biophysical stressors are absent from the inner 100 portions of abandoned ponds, so the latter can be directly planted with propa- 100 100 gules. 100

Nurseries may be large-scale or commercial (seedlings primarily for sale: Fig. 100 100

17) or small-scale, backyard (for local planting: Fig. 18) nurseries. The latter 50

are generally temporary for projects of short duration, and when the refor- 50 estation area is small, and can be located under mature mangrove trees (for 100 ,

Fig. 18. 100 , Small-scale 50 , 40 50 , 40 CMRP nurseries 50

(shaded by 50

mature trees) are 100

readily accessible 100

because of 100

their backyard 100

location, as in 100

Ajuy, Iloilo. 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 22 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 tAblE 6. CMRP Nursery Status (2009-2011) 100

100 nursery Species total bagged planters

100 bugtongbato- Bungalon (A. marina) BFA, NAMAO, Naisud Youth, 100 naisud, ibajay, Pagatpat (S. alba) Ibajay East Schools, ASU 50 Aklan Environmental students, 50 Bakhaw (Rhizophora spp.)

50 , 40 Naisud National HS, BFAR,

50 , 40 Others/mixed spp 7,667 Ibajay LGU, DENR, ZSL

100 , Total (plants/ planters) 7,667 1,294 100 , basyaw cove, Bungalon (A. marina) KAMAMADO, Magagmay 100 ,

100 , dolores, nva. Pagatpat (S. alba) nga Mangingisda sa Dolores, valencia, National HS, BFAR, Nva.

100 guimaras Bakhaw (Rhizophora spp.) 15,027 Valencia LGU, GMA Born to 100 Others/mixed spp be Wild Crew, ZSL 100

100 Total (plants/ planters) 15,027 282

100 balaring, Bungalon (A. marina) 6,590 NewBAMA, Basiao National 100 ivisan, capiz Pagatpat (S. alba) 1,956 HS, Filamer Christian

100 University, Balaring BLGU,

100 Bakhaw (Rhizophora spp.) - Ivisan LGU, Ivisan National

50 Others/mixed spp - HS, ZSL 50

50 , 40 Total (plants/ planters) 8,546 591 50 , 40 buntod, panay, Bungalon (A. marina) 991 Buntod Katibyugan, BFAR, 100 , capiz Buntod BLGU, Panay LGU

100 , Pagatpat (S. alba) 20

K Bakhaw (Rhizophora spp.) - Y 50

50 Others/mixed spp - 100 M Total (plants/ planters) 1,011 37 C 100 Ermita, Bungalon (A. marina) - ZSL, hired laborers 100

100 dumangas, Pagatpat (S. alba) 500 iloilo 100 Bakhaw (Rhizophora spp.) - 100

100 Others/mixed spp -

100 Total (plants/ planters) 500 7 50 JastillanoFlA, Bungalon (A. marina) 1,960 ZSL, hired laborers 50 50 , 40 dumangas, Pagatpat (S. alba) - 50 , 40 iloilo Bakhaw (Rhizophora spp.) - 50 Others/mixed spp - 50

50 Total (plants/ planters) 1,960 9

50 nabitasan, Bungalon (A. marina) 9,624 Nabitasan National HS, 100 leganes, iloilo Rotaract Club Jaro Chapter,

100 Pagatpat (S. alba) - UCCP, BFAR, Leganes LGU, 100 Bakhaw (Rhizophora spp.) - ZSL 100 Others/mixed spp - 100

100 Total (plants/ planters) 9,624 569

100 pedada, Ajuy, Bungalon (A. marina) 7,098 BPFA, Pedada BLGU, Ajuy 100 iloilo Pagatpat (S. alba) 3,491 National HS, Luca National 50 HS, Ajuy LGU, ZSL

50 Bakhaw (Rhizophora spp.) - 50 , 40

50 , 40 Others/mixed spp - Total (plants/ planters) 10,589 257 75

75 grAnd totAl 57,643 3,037 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 36 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 23 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Fig. 19. shade). They have 50

Site selection the advantages of 50

is important regular mainte- 100

because even nance and moni- 100

rock-fence 100 toring. In contrast,

barriers (top) 100 commercial nurser- cannot protect 100 ies which produce nurseries from 100

strong waves tens to hundreds of 100

during typhoons thousands of seed- 100 (bottom). lings may be bigger, 75 , 66

more complex with 75 , 66 75 permanent struc- 75 tures. Guidelines for large-scale nurser- 50 , 40 50 , 40 ies can be found in 50

Clarke and Johns 50 (2002), Hachinohe et al (1997), Siddiqi et al (1993), Sinohin et al (1996), and 100 Taniguchi et al (1999). 100 100

Around 15 mangrove nurseries have been established in Panay; most of these 100 nurseries plant only bakhaw (Rhizophora spp). On the other hand, ZSL-CMRP 100 100

has assisted the establishment of nurseries in five of its project and partner 100

sites (Table 6), with bungalon (A. marina), pagatpat (S. alba) and bakhaw 100 C M (Rhizophora spp.) as the main species. The CMRP has focused its nursery 50

work on producing A. marina and S. alba for coastal greenbelts, based on their 50 50 Y

dominance as frontliners in fringing mangroves. CMRP nurseries are back- K yard, small-scale and located in a protected portion of the shoreline shaded by 50

large trees (Fig. 18). Seedlings of Bruguiera, Heritiera littoralis, etc. are also 50 , 40 50 , 40 reared in multi-species nurseries for estuarine sites and abandoned ponds. An 50

example is the CMRP multi-species nursery established in the Katunggan It 50

Ibajay Ecopark, Ibajay, Aklan which has 27 of the ~35 true mangrove species 100

in the Philippines. Where species diversity is high, a multispecies nursery is 100 recommended, with focus on the pioneer or colonizing species A. marina, S. 100 100

alba, R. mucronata and R. apiculata (Fig. 4). 100

The present BFAR Mangrove Aquasilviculture Project aims to plant one mil- 100 lion mangroves in 3,300 ha all over the country within three years (2011-2013). 100 100

Coastal communities are encouraged to establish nurseries as these can be a 50

good source of income. Organizations or cooperatives (section V: Organizing 50 Communities) may set up a centralized nursery or encourage members to have 100 , backyard nurseries. The nursery experience of the CMRP partner communi- 100 ,

ties has given them a head start in exploiting this unanticipated livelihood op- 50 , 40 50 , 40

portunity. 50

The following steps in the establishment and operation of a mangrove nursery 50 are based on CMRP experiences in Panay and Guimaras sites. 100 100 100

A. SitE SElEction 100 100

In selecting a nursery site, the following factors should be considered: 100 1) natural tidal flow/inundation during spring tide to minimize labor for wa- 100 tering plants 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 37 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 24 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 2) protection from waves during extreme storm events – nurseries set up dur- 100

100 ing the non-typhoon season may be destroyed when storms come (Fig. 19)

100 3) relatively flat, with firm substrate and well-drained (not waterlogged) 100 4) under the shade of mangrove/other trees – but should avoid insects (e.g., 50

50 larvae from talisay leaves falling on mangrove seedlings) 50 , 40

50 , 40 5) proximity to the planting site (for backyard nurseries, to reduce transport

100 , costs) 100 , 6) preferably close to a freshwater supply 100 ,

100 , 7) preferably close to seed/propagule sources

100 CMRP nurseries cover no more than 5-20 sq m, whereas large-scale commer- 100 cial nurseries may extend to hundreds of square meters. Large-scale nurseries 100 generally include the following sections (see Hachinohe et al, 1997 and Sinohin 100 et al, 1996): 100

100 1) preparation area – for mixing soil and placing in bags 100

100 2) production area – seedbeds for seedlings, canals for tidal inflow and drain-

50 age 50

50 , 40 3) office-storage area – for materials, equipment; not needed for backyard

50 , 40 hatcheries 100 , 4) fence – for protection from stray animals and incoming debris 100 ,

K 5) shade (for younger seedlings) - provided by old nets, coconut fronds and Y 50 nearby trees 50 100 M The above are all combined in the same space for backyard hatcheries. C 100 100

100 b. prEpArAtion For FiEld collEction 100

100 Prior to the fieldwork:

100 1) Consult the commercial calendars (with tide levels coded in red or blue 100 color) to select a suitable date and time. For its Panay and Guimaras part- 50 ner sites, the CMRP 50 Fig. 20. 50 , 40 developed a tidal cal-

50 , 40 A tidal calendar that shows the endar clearly show-

50 time and height ing the tide level at 50 of tides (for any given time of any

50 Iloilo Station, date of the month 50 January 2011) (Fig. 20). The ideal 100 is a must

100 tide level for man- in planning

100 grove activity is 0.4 mangrove 100 activities. m or lower. Although 100 tide dependent, bag- 100 ging should ideally 100 be conducted either 100 early in the morning 50

50 (6:00–9:00 a.m.) or 50 , 40 late in the afternoon 50 , 40 (3:00–5:00 p.m.) to

75 avoid the hot sun. 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 38 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 25 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 2) Collectors (vol- 50 Fig. 21. Requirements unteers/PO mem- 50 for mangrove bers) should pre- 100 planting activity: pare the follow- 100 cap, long-sleeved ing: sunblock, ap- 100 shirt, long pants propriate clothes 100 100 and booties/ (long sleeve thick socks for 100 shirts, hats), rub- 100 wear, and digging blades. ber shoes/booties 100

(Fig. 21). 75 , 66 75 , 66 75 75 3) Prepare logistics (transportation, snacks, certificates for volunteers) and materials, e.g., seedling polybags – 8 x 12” (20 x 30.5 cm) for wildings, 50 , 40 50 , 40 smaller size of 4 x 6” (10 x 15 cm) for seeds – shovels or digging blades 50

(tagad). For volunteers: Time should be allocated for photo documenta- 50 tion and snacks, and in the case of volunteers, awarding of certificates of 100 appreciation. 100 100

On the day of field work: 100 100 4) Give a brief orientation to the volunteers about nurseries, e.g. their impor- 100

tance, site requirements, and divide them into groups of seed/wilding col- 100 100 lectors, baggers and haulers. C M 50

5) For better supervision, a ratio of one supervisor or facilitator (ZSL/proj- 50 50 ect staff): 15-20 participants is recommended (Fig. 22). More than this will Y K mean some volunteers may be unsupervised and apply wrong practices, 50

e.g., throwing – instead of carefully carrying – the bagged seedlings, there- 50 , 40 50 , 40

by causing higher mortality. 50

6) The above become part of the regular onsite activities after initial bagging, 50 for PO members. 100 100 100 100 Fig. 22. 100 Mangrove 100 100 outplanting: 100

a) briefing 50 volunteers, b) 50 marking rows of 1-1.5 m distance 100 ,

for staking and 100 , making holes, 50 , 40 50 , 40 c-f) removing 50

seedling from 50

polybag, placing 100

inside hole, 100

levelling soil 100

surface, and 100

tying seedling to 100

stake. 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 39 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 26 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 Fig. 23. 100 a b

100 Seeds and wildings of 100

100 different mangrove 50 species: a) tabao 50

50 , 40 Lumnitzera 50 , 40 littorea, b) lipata 100 , Excoecaria 100 , agallocha, c) 100 , gapas-gapas 100 , Camptostemon c d

100 philippinensis

100 (beside

100 Xylocarpus

100 fruit), and d)

100 dungon Heritiera

100 littoralis. 100

100 Photos J.H. Primavera 50 50 50 , 40 c. collEction And bAgging oF WildingS 50 , 40

100 , 1) Wildings (also spelled wildlings) are often observed near mother trees, re- 100 , tained by mangrove roots (the earlier mentioned “seedling bank”), and K Y 50 dikes of abandoned ponds, or caught on the beach strand (Figs. 13, 14, 23).

50 The latter are short-lived because of wave exposure, in contrast to those 100 M trapped by roots or along the dikes of ponds, which remain undisturbed C 100 and grow to one meter or more. We sourced the relatively rare pagatpat S. 100

100 alba wildings by first looking at the species distribution based on the litera-

100 ture, both published and gray (e.g., Hortillosa, unpub. thesis) then validat-

100 ing through satellite images, then groundtruthing (Box 7, Fig. 24). 100

100 2) Collect wildings not more than 40 cm, preferably 10-30 cm tall (with at least

50 6 leaves), because smaller plants are less sturdy while bigger plants have

50 longer roots that are more prone to damage. 50 , 40

50 , 40 3) Use a shovel or digging blade (Fig. 21) to carefully remove the plant with

50 soil still attached to the roots to ensure they are surrounded by a ball of 50

50 box 8. Searching for Sonneratia alba seedlings (Figs. 14, 24) 50

100 Stands of pagatpat S. alba dominate stretches of the eastern Panay coastline and the 100 species has proven superior even to Avicennia marina for rehabilitation of sandy fringes

100 (Fig. 3). But pagatpat germination trials have been few, and the rareness of wildings is 100 widely known. Hence we developed the following protocols for wild recruits: 100

100 a) search both published and gray literature (including unpublished theses) for reports of S. alba distribution 100 b) retrieve satellite images, and identify on the maps mature stands and younger growth 100 of S. alba, especially in abandoned ponds 50 c) locate and ground-truth the satmap sites (abandoned ponds and tidal creeks) for 50

50 , 40 presence of pagatpat recruits 50 , 40 This approach has been applied to bagging of wildings in Zarraga, Iloilo (abandoned ponds)

75 and Panay, Capiz (tidal creeks), and complements the germination procedures described

75 in Box 8. 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 40 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 27 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Fig. 24. 50

Locating 50

Sonneratia alba 100

in abandoned 100

ponds: a) 100

reviewing 100

satellite images 100

(Google) of areas 100

with abandoned 100

ponds, b) 100 identifying 75 , 66 mangrove 75 , 66 growth, d) 75

ground-truthing, 75 and c) locating 50 , 40 wildings. 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100

earth (Fig. 25). Bare-root transplants of C. tagal wildings showed signifi- 100 100 cantly lower survival compared to transplants whose roots were earthballed C M (Bagalihog, 2000). 50 50 50 4) Wildings removed from a sandy substrate may show higher mortality com- Y K

pared to more compact mud because sand particles tend to fall, exposing 50

the root hairs to air. 50 , 40 50 , 40 5) Smaller wildings (10-20 cm long) need to be conditioned in the nursery 50

(3-4 mo up to 1 yr) until they reach a minimum 30 cm and the stems are 50 sufficiently hardened, while bigger wildings (20-30 cm long) may be trans- 100 planted directly to the rehabilitation site after removal, provided enough 100 100 soil remains with the roots to prevent dehydration and damage. 100 100

d. collEction And plAnting oF SEEdS/propAgulES 100 100

1) Collection should 100

Fig. 25. 50 Wildings are be done during earthballed peak of the fruiting 50 (carefully season, usually in 100 , removed with June-August after 100 , 50 , 40 soil) to prevent the April-May flow- 50 , 40

root damage, 50 ering. Collect fruits

then transferred 50 or propagules from

to polybags by 100 PO members. parent trees manu- 100

ally, taking care 100

that the flowers and 100

young fruits are not 100

harmed. Newly fall- 100 en fruits may also be 100 collected from the 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 41 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 28 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 tAblE 7. Mangrove propagule/seed collection time (Panay Is.) and maturity indicators 100

100 Seeds or collection Species indicators of maturitya 100 propagules timeb 100 Avicennia spp. Propagules Seed coat changes from green to light May/June- 50 (api-api) yellow; seed coat becomes wrinkly and September 50

50 , 40 oftentimes opens

50 , 40 A. marina Propagules Seed coat changes from green to light May- 100 , (bungalon) yellow; seed coat becomes wrinkly and September 100 , oftentimes opens 100 ,

100 , Bruguiera spp. Propagules No ring-like mark; green propagule turns Year round (busain) brownish/bronze and drops without the

100 pericarp or cap 100 Bruguiera spp. Propagules Tip of hypocotyl changes from green to Year round 100 (pototan lalake) brown 100

100 C. tagal (tangal) Propagules Presence of ring-like mark (abscission layer) Year round

100 below pericarp or cap (up to 1cm wide)

100 Rhizophora Propagules Presence of ring-like mark (abscission layer) Year round 100 apiculata below pericarp or cap (up to 1cm wide) 50 (bakawan lalake) 50 50 , 40 R. mucronata Propagules Presence of ring-like mark (abscission layer) Year round 50 , 40 (bakawan babae) below pericarp or cap (up to 1cm wide) 100 ,

100 , R. stylosa Propagules Presence of ring-like mark (abscission layer) Year round (bakawan bato) below pericarp or cap (up to 1cm wide) K Y 50 Sonneratia alba Seeds Fruits turn shiny or yellowish and soft Year round 50 (pagatpat) 100 M C 100 Xylocarpus Seeds Fruits change from light brown to dark April-

100 granatum (tabigi) brown August

100 afrom Field, 1996, bfrom Primavera et al, 2004 100

100 Fig. 26. 100 Nursery 100 innovations: a,

50 b, e) recycled 50

50 , 40 plastic and

50 , 40 aluminum containers, c, d) 50 coconut husk as 50 substrate (photos

50 Eric Buduan/ 50 PTFCF), and f) 100 plastic sheet to 100 prevent primary 100 roots from 100 penetrating the 100 soil. 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 42 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 29 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Fig. 27. 50

Nursery of 50

Sonneratia alba: 100

a) collection 100

of fruits, b) 100

crushing to 100

separate seeds, 100

c, f, g) sowing 100

and germination, 100

d, h) nursery 100 rearing in 75 , 66 abandoned 75 , 66 ponds, and 75

e) 6-mo old 75 plantation 50 , 40 (photos Eric 50 , 40 Buduan/PTFCF). 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100

ground (Fig. 23), provided they have no insect and other damage. Avicen- 100 100 C M nia propagules may be collected by placing nets under or in front of mother 50

trees, or at the high tide line to trap incoming seeds (Fig. 13). 50 50 Y

2) When collecting fruits, check the color and texture for maturity, e.g., dark K 50 green-reddish hypocotyls of Rhizophora and cracked skin of Sonneratia and Xylocarpus fruits (Table 7). Exclude fruits with insect damage, e.g., 50 , 40 50 , 40 the pinhead sized holes of the beetle larvae, disease and malformed shapes. 50 50

3) When purchasing Rhizophora propagules in the hundreds or more, it is 100

advisable to give only 30-50% down payment, and first check for viability 100

by planting the propagules in mud. Propagules that grow roots (Fig. 6) are 100

viable and the balance can be paid. 100 100

4) To avoid potential negative impacts on the local gene pool or possible transfer 100

of diseases and pests, propagules should not be transported between islands 100 100 50 box 9. Protocols for growing pagatpat Sonneratia alba (Fig. 27) 50

Avicennia marina and Sonneratia alba are the two major colonizers of fringing coastlines 100 ,

but wildings are much rarer in nature for the latter, and nursery techniques relatively 100 ,

undeveloped (perhaps related to its small, non-viviparous seeds) compared to the 50 , 40

first. The following protocols for pagatpat rehabilitation jointly developed by the P.O. 50 , 40 50 Kapunungan sa Gagmay’ng Mangingisda sa Concepcion and the Philippine Tropical Forest Conservation Foundation or PTFCF (Buduan and Ballon, 2012) will greatly contribute to 50 mangrove rehabilitation in the country and in Southeast Asia. 100 100

Collected ripe fruits are macerated to release the seeds which are then soaked in water 100

to separate viable seeds (they sink) from nonviable floaters. These seeds are sown on a 100

thin layer of mud lined below with canvas, germinate after 3-5 days, are removed and 100 broadcast on a suitable substrate, e.g., abandoned ponds, at ~50 seedlings/sq m. After 4 100

mo, the seedlings are mudballed (removed with intact root system held in place by mud) 100 for transplanting nearby or for transport to other rehabilitation sites. 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 43 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 30 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 (e.g., Panay and Luzon), and collection of propagules and wildings should 100

100 be regulated (by the DENR), to ensure some remain for natural succession

100 of younger plants and to colonize bare areas especially in degraded forests. 100 5) Seeds and propagules can be stored in a shady, cool and dry place and should 50

50 be planted within 1 week to 1 month, depending on the species, e.g., 10-20 50 , 40 days for A. marina and A. corniculatum and one month for Rhizophora 50 , 40 during which they remain viable (Table 7). 100 ,

100 , 6) After seed collection, the seeds are sowed and germinated, maintained 100 , through watering, fertilization and pest protection, and hardening prior to 100 , transport and outplanting. Larger seeds of Avicennia may be germinated 100 directly in individual containers, e.g., poly bags or recycled plastic and alu- 100 minum containers (Fig. 26) whereas the very small seeds of Sonneratia 100

100 are best germinated on a seedbed prior to transfer to separate bags. Large

100 propagules of Rhizophora, Bruguiera and other Rhizophoraceae may be

100 planted directly in individual polybags commensurate to their size. For de-

100 tails such as depth of sowing, size of seedbed, etc. consult Sinohin et al 100 (1996), Hachinohe et al (1997), Taniguchi et al (1999) and other manuals. 50

50 7) Nursery and growout techniques for S. alba have been developed in Zam- 50 , 40

50 , 40 boanga Sibugay (Buduan and Ballon, 2012). Steps in fruit collection, seed

100 , germination, bagging of seedlings and outplanting are described in Box 8

100 , and Fig. 27. K Y 50

50 E. MAintEnAncE 100 M C 100 1) After wildings are bagged and seeds germinated, the nursery needs to be vis- 100 ited at least 2-3 times weekly (by a caretaker or PO member) to check that 100 the plants remain upright (Fig. 28) and are healthy, and to ensure regular 100

100 watering (by the tide, etc.), and protection from pests and stray animals.

100 Seawater also kills insect larvae that infest Sonneratia and Avicennia seed-

100 lings. 50

50 2) Healthy plants have green leaves and are pest-free. Yellowing of leaves in the 50 , 40 first month may be due to stress, but if discoloration persists, and leaf wilt- 50 , 40 ing and/or powdery material appears on the surface, the plant may be dis-

50 eased. Such attacks 50 Fig. 28. may be caused

50 Regular nursery by beetle Cocco- 50 check-up is

100 important to trypes (formerly 100 prevent: a) dying Poecilips) fallax

100 Avicennia marina larvae which bore 100 (not reached by into Rhizophora 100 tidal water), b) propagules (Fig. 100 fallen Rhizophora, 29). To avoid this, 100 and c) overgrown 100 Sonneratia propagules are

50 alba with roots sun-dried or air- 50 dried for 1-2 weeks 50 , 40 reaching the

50 , 40 ground through prior to planting in the plastic bag. polybags to reduce 75 moisture content, 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 44 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 31 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Fig. 29. 50

Pests of 50

Rhizophora 100

propagules 100

include the 100

boring isopod 100

Sphaeroma 100

terebrans 100

(Culajao, Roxas 100

City plantation), 100

and beetle 75 , 66 Coccotrypes 75 , 66 fallax larvae 75 (Basyaw Cove, 75

Nueva Valencia, 50 , 40 Guimaras 50 , 40 nursery). 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100

harden the covering and discourage penetration of beetle larvae. 100 100 C M 3) Remove diseased plants and bury them. 50

4) If nursery rearing is longer than 6 mo (e.g., to produce 1-m tall plants), 50 50 Y

polybags should be separated from the bottom of the nursery with a plas- K tic sheet lining (e.g. recycled plastics, tarpaulins: Fig. 26) to prevent roots 50 from reaching the ground. Otherwise, the roots could be damaged during 50 , 40 50 , 40 transfer for outplanting. 50 50

5) If seedlings are stunted due to small bags, transfer to bigger bags without 100

damaging the roots. 100 100 100

F. SEEdling SElEction And trAnSport 100

1) Regularly segregate seedlings by species and size for easy transport and 100 hauling of required sizes for planting and/or sale). 100 100

2) Transport may be 50

Fig. 30. needed if planting 50 Transport of mangrove site is far, although it 100 ,

seedlings is best to plant wild- 100 , is mainly a) ings onsite. Prepare 50 , 40 50 , 40 by modified crates or modified 50

sack+bamboo seedling carriers, 50

carrier (or crate), e.g., sack material 100

or b) by raft and attached to bamboo 100

c) in open pick-up 100 poles (Fig. 30).

trucks for long 100

distances. 3) Buyers from com- 100

mercial nurseries 100 are responsible for 100 the transportation of 100 mangrove seedlings. 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 45 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 32 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100

100 g. nurSEry coStS 100

100 Over 4 yr, the CMRP has organized the bagging of almost 50,000 seeds and

100 wildings by ~3,000 volunteers (students, civil society), PO members or hired

50 laborers (in the case of abandoned ponds with no nearby community: Table 50

50 , 40 8). Costs (including materials, transport and labor) for bagging one wilding

50 , 40 are high at PhP13-20 each for volunteers, but are lower if labor is provided by

100 , PO or community members. The higher costs and slow rate of work (max. of 100 , 20/day for volunteers vs. 70/day for PO members) are primarily due to the 100 , nonfamiliarity of students, professionals and the like with the muddy man- 100 , grove environment. On the other hand, engaging volunteers is an educational

100 tool which makes them mangrove stakeholders. Together with community 100 members, their contribution of labor provides the basis for ownership which 100 commits them to manage, protect and see the plants through maturity – a 100

100 longterm approach more sustainable than the business transaction of paying

100 per piece of mangrove planted. 100 100 tAblE 8. Costs to establish nursery (wildings) and maintenance using volunteers and 50

50 caretaker (CMRP experience) 50 , 40 a

50 , 40 item quantity unit cost (php) total cost (php)

100 , A. bagging of wildings for nursery (plants)b, c 100 , Plastic bags (4”x 4”x10”) 300-500 pcs 2 525-875 K Y 50 Sacks 5 pcs 10.00 50 50

100 Bamboo poles 10 pcs 20 200 M C 100 Spaded 2 pcs 500 1,000 100 d

100 Digging blade 2 pcs 500 1,000

100 First Aid Kitd 1 unit 500 500 100 Snacks (volunteers) 30 pax 25 750 100

100 Transportation (vehicle hire) 2 jeepneys 1000 2,000

50 Start up bagging costs per activity 6,025 - 6,375 50

50 , 40 Ongoing bagging costs per activity 50 , 40 Start up bagging costs per plant 12.8-20.0

50 Ongoing bagging costs per plant 12.8-20.0 50 e

50 Cost of bagging 5,000 plants 64,000-100,000

50 b. nursery maintenance (3 mo) 100

100 Nursery shed 1 5,000 5,000

100 Caretaker (for sites with no PO/ 1 for 3 mo 1,000/mo 3,000 100 organized community) 100 Total costs: bagging + nursery 72,300-108,300 100

100 Total bagging + nursery cost per 14.5-21.7

100 seedling

50 a Total costs lower if community provides labor for d One off capital costs (spade, digging blade, 50

50 , 40 bagging, caretaker and maintenance (transportation First Aid kit, nursery shed) e 50 , 40 costs minimal). Seedling requirement, assume: b 1 bagging activity = 30 volunteer-planters @ 10-17 4,500 seedlings/ha (at 1.5 m-intervals)

75 wildings = 300-500 wildings + 900 replacement (20% mortality) c 75 Optional: certificates for volunteers @P10 5,000 seedlings total required 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 46 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 33 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 50

Iv. outplanting 50 100 100

A. phySicAl intErvEntionS 100 100

Fig. 31. Mangroves have 100 Tidal elevation very specific hydro- 100 is a major factor logical and substrate 100 in mangrove requirements. For 100

survival. A few example, the only 75 , 66

centimeters too 75 , 66 difference between 75 low (enclosed by yellow line) a surviving band of 75

leads to seedling mangrove trees and 50 , 40

saplings planted 50 , 40

mortality in 50 Silay, Negros along the seafront Occ. 50 Photo Ericson Alarcon and an adjacent plot 100

of dead stumps in 100

Silay, Negros Occidental is elevation lower by only ~5 cm (Fig. 31). Correct 100

elevation is marked by surviving trees in background. Potential rehabilitation 100 sites may therefore require interventions to optimize future mangrove growth 100 and survival. In some cases, local hydrology will have changed so dramatically 100 100 that even areas that historically were mangrove forests cannot automatically 100 C M be assumed to be suitable for rehabilitation. Where intensive ponds have been 50

excavated (to maximize depth for intensive pond culture), substrate levels will 50 50 need to be restored, along with the natural hydrology, to allow survival and Y K growth of natural or planted mangrove recruits. 50 The CMRP used the following approaches based on a philosophy of sourc- 50 , 40 50 , 40 ing local materials that are relatively low cost and could be implemented by 50 the POs working with LGU engineers (where necessary). Collaborations with 50 academia helped provide technical input on the type and location, with local 100 100

knowledge giving important guidance on the water and weather conditions 100

that might influence the effectiveness of such interventions. These interven- 100

tions are: 100 100

1) barriers (Fig. 32) – made of bamboo, rocks and other locally available ma- 100

terials. Barriers are 100 Fig. 32. placed in front of 50

Barriers made 50 of a, b, c) rocks the plantation to in Ermita, reduce the energy 100 , Dumangas, Iloilo of oncoming waves 100 , (2007-2008), giving some protec- 50 , 40 50 , 40 and d) bamboo tion while young 50

in Balaring, seedlings become 50 Ivisan, Capiz established; of sec- 100

(experimental) 100 ondary benefit is the support 100 increase in sediment

mangrove growth 100

by reducing elevation behind the 100

wave energy structure 100

and trapping 100 2) breakwater – to sediment. 100 reduce longterm 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 47 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 34 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 box 10. Natural Regeneration enhanced by barriers 100

100 The construction of a breakwater in Pedada, Ajuy, Iloilo and bamboo fence in Balaring,

100 Ivisan, Capiz illustrates the enhancement by artificial structures of propagule/seed 100 settlement and growth. Since mid-2010, around 70A. marina-S. alba wildings (now 30-45

50 cm high) have sprouted on a 9 x 70 m accreting sand bar behind the Ajuy breakwater, and

50 ~500 A. marina seedlings one-m tall have likewise colonized the fenced-off 500 sq m area 50 , 40 in Ivisan. Both sites show a recruitment rate of ~1,000 wildings/ha which is remarkable for 50 , 40 the seaward edge of fringing mangroves. 100 ,

100 , Pedada accreting area (behind breakwater constructed Feb/Mar 2010)

100 , = 9 m x 70 m = 630 sq m area

100 , = 71 wildings (38 S. alba + 33 A. marina) = 71÷ 630 = 0.113 wilding/sq m x 10,000 sq m/ha 100 = 1,130 wildings/ha 100

100 Balaring fenced-off area (starting July 2010)

100 = 0.5 ha = 5,000 sq m A. marina 100 = 500 recruits, estimated no. (1 m high)

100 = 500 ÷ 5,000 sq m = 0.1 wildings/sq m x 10,000 sq m/ha = 1,000 recruits/ha 100 100

50 shoreline erosion which had removed more than 1 meter of sediment at

50 some points along the Pedada, Ajuy coastline, two breakwaters made of lo- 50 , 40

50 , 40 cally sourced rocks (Box 7) – measuring 0.9 m high by 1–2 m wide by 70 m

100 , Fig. 33. and 110 m long with 100 , Two lengths of a break to allow for K breakwater, 0.9 m boat traffic (Fig. 33). Y 50

50 high by 1-2 m It was constructed

100 wide by 70 m and M in 2010 after some C 100 110 m long, have preliminary plant-

100 consolidated ing trials demon- 100 sediment and strated that the ex- 100 provided both

100 substrate and tensive erosion and

100 protection to high wave action in

100 planted and the area meant that

50 natural mangrove no other alternative

50 recruits in

50 , 40 was possible to re- Pedada, Ajuy, 50 , 40 Iloilo. establish the site as viable for mangrove 50

50 reforestation. Since

50 Fig. 34. the installation of

50 Beach profile of the barrier, the 100 Pedada, Ajuy, substrate level has 100 Iloilo shows increased by 10-50 100 sediment level

100 increasing cm (Fig. 34). An ac-

100 behind the creting band behind

100 breakwater by the breakwater 9 m

100 up to 50 cm, wide has stabilized 100 2010-2012. 2 yr after construc- 50 tion (Fig. 33) and 50 50 , 40 supports growth of 50 , 40 both planted and

75 wild recruits (Box 75

75 , 66 9). A similar accre- 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 48 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 35 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Fig. 35. 50

Protecting 50

mangrove 100

plantations: a) 100

bamboo fence 100

for b) gleaners 100

and d) stray 100

animals, e.g., 100

goats; c) markers 100

tied to nylon 100 straps along 75 , 66 the plantation 75 , 66 boundaries to 75

e) keep out boat 75 traffic during 50 , 40 high tide. 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 C M tion behind a breakwater in Sg. Haji Dorani, Malaysia stabilized after 18 50

mo, allowing the establishment of A. marina recruits (Tamin et al, 2011). 50 50 However, the remaining muddy area in Pedada will need a few more years Y K to completely stabilize. Airdried (141 days) samples from this area had 50

44.5% moisture content, compared to 30.5% moisture for the sandy accre- 50 , 40 50 , 40

tion. Moreover, organic carbon and organic matter were higher, and silt 50

lower in mud compared to sand (1.5%, 0.88% and 13.6% vs 0.74% 0.43% 50

and 20.6%, respectively). 100 100

3) restored tidal and freshwater flows – dikes were built to hold water required 100

for growing fish and shrimp in ponds. The flows of both tidal and fresh- 100

water creeks that have been subsequently altered need to be restored (by 100

breaking the dikes at strategic points) to allow mangrove growth. The best 100 points for breaking the dikes should be identified in consultation with engi- 100 neering experts, either within the LGU or academia. Ponds long abandoned 100 50 whose dikes have been breached over time are characterized by mangrove 50 recolonization (Figs. 14, 24). 100 , 100 ,

b. SitE SElEction 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 Site selection is critical for seafront planting because the area available for 50

mangroves along the beach is mostly lower intertidal. In contrast, abandoned 100

ponds are generally suitable for mangrove reversion, as they are located in 100

former mangrove areas in the middle to upper intertidal, provided pond exca- 100

vation has been minimal (e.g., extensive culture ponds). 100 100

1) During neap tide, go to the potential seafront site, delineate and mark with 100

stakes the boundaries of the suitable area (exposed during neap tide, and/or 100

aligned with the edge of the pneumatophores or the peat layer, if present). 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 49 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 36 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 Fig. 36. Use a Global Po- 100

100 In enrichment sitioning System planting, 100 (GPS) to take read-

100 wildings are ings if available, transplanted 50 otherwise note the directly to 50

50 , 40 fill the gaps points followed in 50 , 40 in nearby the area, based on 100 , degraded permanent local 100 , forests. landmarks or fea- 100 , tures. Areas with 100 , many fishing boats 100 should allow for 100 designated naviga- 100

100 tional lanes (5-10 m

100 wide) to facilitate

100 traffic. Fencing the planting area can help reduce boat damage and clearly

100 identify the area to community members (Fig 35). 100

50 2) For seafront sites, note remarkable features such as creeks, waterlogged

50 portions which may drown the seedlings, and in the case of ponds, dikes, 50 , 40

50 , 40 gates and other structures which may affect water flow. Also identify and

100 , record naturally occurring mangrove species and mother trees (as potential

100 , sources of fruits, wildings), and relatively protected areas that can serve as

K onsite nurseries. Y 50

50 3) For abandoned ponds, draw a map of the area including mangrove trees 100 M C

100 and wildings, topography (mounds, excavations, waterlogged parts, dikes,

100 gates), hydrology (seawater/freshwater channels, tidal levels) and other

100 features. Any level portion may be planted excluding waterlogged areas and

100 high dikes. Note that pond sections facing the open sea will have the same 100 problems, e.g., strong wave action and algal growth, as the seafront and 100 therefore will be more challenging to rehabilitate. 100 50 50

50 , 40 c. plAnting StrAtEgy 50 , 40 1) What 50

50 Select species of mangroves naturally found in the area. A general description

50 of elevation, salinity, substrate and other site characteristics of the common

50 mangrove species planted is provided in the Introduction and Table 2. The 100 pagatpat plantation in Ermita, Dumangas, Iloilo (Fig. 3) is a classic example of 100 site-species matching. Planted mainly to both A. marina and S. alba in 2007, 100

100 with Rhizophora spp. added to the 2009-2012 planting batches, only S. alba

100 survived. Rhizophora spp. were vulnerable to wave action and barnacles while

100 A. marina succumbed to thick algal growth. 100

100 Nearby wildings may also be directly planted in abandoned ponds, and for en-

50 richment planting of inner seafront sites (Fig. 36) protected from wave action.

50 Planting materials can be sourced from nurseries. Mangrove sizes for planting 50 , 40

50 , 40 will depend on location and substrate:

75 • bigger sizes (minimum 50 cm to 1-1.5 m for A. marina, S. alba, R. apicu- 75

75 , 66 lata, R. mucronata, R. stylosa) – for seafront planting, also very muddy

75 , 66 portions of ponds 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 50 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 37 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 • smaller sizes (minimum 30 cm A. marina, S. alba to 40-60 cm R. apicu- 50

lata, R. mucronata, R. stylosa) – inner abandoned ponds (no wave action) 50 100 2) When 100

Schedule planting during the season of least wave action, e.g., northwest mon- 100 soon or amihan for southern Panay, and southwest monsoon or habagat for 100 100 northern Panay. Consult a tidal calendar for daytime low tides (Fig. 20). Be- 100

cause of the relatively lower elevation, seafront planting will require spring 100

water low tides, while inner abandoned ponds can be planted during either 100

spring or neap low tides. Allocate 2-4 hours for the whole activity from hauling 75 , 66

of seedlings to cleanup. If the tide allows, plant in the early morning or later in 75 , 66 75 the afternoon when temperatures are not too high. 75

3) How (density and pattern) 50 , 40 50 , 40 • Inner sites along the seafront and in abandoned ponds with little wave ac- 50

tion can be planted at 1.5-2 m intervals. 50 100

• Seaward sites exposed to frequent wave action and debris brought by the 100

incoming tide need to be planted at closer intervals of 0.5-1 m (Fig. 37) 100

and/or in clusters of 2-3 seedlings each. Some studies have reported cluster 100 planting to be more effective than planting single mangroves, in terms of 100 100

survival and growth (Elster, 2000; Huxham et al, 2010). However, prelim- 100

nary CMRP trials show that survival in seafront sites subjected to strong 100 C M wave action is uniformly low for single or cluster planting. 50 50 50 • Offset the planting of seedlings in consecutive rows so that the columns Y K

appear in zigzag pattern, avoiding uniformly empty rows between rows of 50 plants. 50 , 40 50 , 40 50

Fig. 37. 50

Mangroves may 100

be sourced from 100

a) nurseries 100

or c) wildings, 100 and planted b) 100

closely spaced 100 together along 100

the seafront, or 100 d) wider apart in 50 inner abandoned 50

ponds. 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 51 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 38 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 • For the 1st batch in a given site, do trial planting of a few rows, then observe 100

100 for the next few months. Plant additional rows only if the seedlings/sap-

100 lings show good growth and survival. 100 • Whether seafront sites or abandoned ponds, plant starting from the beach 50

50 or landward portion moving in a seaward direction (pa-abante). This is a 50 , 40 major change from the past practice of planting from the seaward boundary 50 , 40 in a landward direction (pa-atras). 100 ,

100 , • Depending on the number of planters, 2-5 rows may planted on a given day 100 , during the 2-4 hr planting window allowed by the tides. 100 , 100

100 d. outplAnting protocolS 100

100 Fisherfolk and other community members with experience in mangrove plant-

100 ing need minimum supervision. But students, members of civil society and

100 other volunteers need the guidance of more knowledgeable facilitators (at a

100 ratio of 1 facilitator: 15-20 volunteers) (Fig. 22). 100

50 1) Before the activity proper, planters/volunteers should be given introductory

50 lectures, including topics on proper field wear, species to be planted and plant- 50 , 40

50 , 40 ing methods (see below).

100 , 2) Wear a hat, long-sleeved shirt, long pants or knee-length short pants, boo- 100 , ties or old rubber shoes (for the mud and water), apply sunblock, insect repel- K Y 50 lent and bring plenty of drinking water. 50 100 M 3) Prepare the following materials (in numbers proportional to area/no. of C 100 planters: 100 • seedlings (from nursery or wildings for direct planting) 100 • shovel, digging blades and trowels 100

100 • meter stick

100 • nylon rope, with knots tied at predetermined spacing (e.g., 10 or 20 m)

100 • bamboo stakes, 1 m long

50 • pre-cut strings/plastic straws, ~20 cm long 50

50 , 40 • large plastic bags, preferably recycled

50 , 40 • pen/pencil and notebook • camera 50

50 • seedling carriers - plastic crates or improvised sacks with sides attached

50 along the length of two bamboo poles

50 • Global Positioning System (GPS) device, if available 100

100 4) Plan the travel such that arrival in the planting site is at least 1 hr before the

100 tide becomes low enough so planting can start. This one hour is needed for 100 briefing (review of various steps from seedling transfer to actual planting to 100 clean-up), hauling and other preparatory activities. 100

100 5) Divide the planters into smaller groups for the specific tasks of hauling of 100 seedlings, marking the lines, digging holes, etc. 50

50 6) Planting steps (Fig. 22) 50 , 40

50 , 40 • Using a meter stick, steel tape or measuring tape, mark parallel rows with distances of 1 m for seafront sites, or 1.5-2 m for abandoned ponds. For en- 75 richment planting of sparse mangrove sites, plant seedlings in open/vacant 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 39 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Fig. 38. spaces at least 2 sq m 50

Planting wide. 50

tips include • Within the same 100

removing a, row, mark out 1, 1.5 100

b) the caps of 100 or 2 m distances with

Rhizophora 100 bamboo stakes. Al- propagules, 100 ternatively, seafront and d) plastic 100

bags, and e, f) planting may use 100

collecting them clusters of 2-3 instead 100 for disposal of single seedlings. 75 , 66 elsewhere;

Plants in consecutive 75 , 66 and c) 75 rows should be offset avoiding highly 75 sedimented by 0.5-0.75 m to cre- 50 , 40 sites. ate a zigzag pattern for 50 , 40 the columns. 50

• Next to the stakes, 50 dig holes ~30 cm (= 100 1 foot) deep using a 100 100 trowel, shovel or digging blade (tagad). 100

• Haul or transfer the bagged seedlings from the vehicle, or wildings newly- 100

collected nearby, to the planting site. 100 • For bagged seedlings, remove the plant carefully from the bag to keep the 100 100 soil attached, then place inside the hole. The top of the plant soil should be C M 50 the same level as the ground. For cluster planting, place 2-3 seedlings in a 50 50 single hole (although this is still experimental). Y K

• For Rhizophora propagules, make sure to remove their caps (Fig. 38). 50 • For direct planting, place the wilding together with the attached soil inside 50 , 40 the hole. 50 , 40 • Fill in with soil any remaining spaces in the hole. 50 • For seafronts and on muddy substrates, place a bamboo stake securely be- 50 100 side the plant and tie it just loose enough (to avoid breakage) at mid-stem 100

to the stake for support, e.g., during strong wave action. Where plants are 100

to be monitored and need tagging, attach 100 gina cloth tag (see item G, 1c). box 11. Mangrove Threats 100 • Collect discarded polybags and other 100 garbage inside the large (recycled) plastic A. biological 100 filamentous algae 100 bags for appropriate disposal when you oysters 50

reach home. Do not leave trash in the barnacles 50 planting sites (Fig. 38). insect larvae 100 , boring isopods crabs 100 , E. problEMS wild animals (monkeys) 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 b. physical

Planting is only the first step towards restor- 50 wave action ing mangroves. During the first 1-2 yr, the 100 flooding plants are vulnerable to various man-made sedimentation 100 and natural stressors. Therefore monitoring 100 c. Anthropogenic (of growth and survival) and maintenance 100

gleaners 100 (by removing algae, other pests) are two fishing gears, boats 100

major activities in mangrove rehabilitation, garbage/debris, oil spills 100 domestic animals (eg, goats) 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 53 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 40 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 Fig. 39. 100 a b c

100 Regular maintenance 100

100 by removal of a) fishing nets, 50 and b) algae 50

50 , 40 using scissors, 50 , 40 and c) placing 100 , inside bags for 100 , disposal outside 100 , the plantation. 100 , 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 aside from bagging wildings and planting proper, for PO members and volun- 50

50 teers. 50 , 40

50 , 40 1) Physical 100 ,

100 , Wave action, flooding and burial in the substrate can damage young seedlings.

K This is a particular problem where inundation and sedimentation rates are Y 50 high, as in the lower intertidal to subtidal flats. For example, seedlings in Du- 50

100 mangas, Iloilo planted in the lower intertidal zone died within 3 mo, mainly M C 100 from inundation as evidenced by rotting stems. 100

100 2) Biological

100 a) Infestation of filamentous algae (Fig. 39) peaks in the summer and disap- 100 pears with the rains; it is also frequently observed near fishponds which 100

100 regularly drain effluents (containing excess feeds and fertilizers) to the sea.

50 Heavy growth of filamentous algae (Enteromorpha, Cladophora and Oscil-

50 latoria) can choke and break seedlings – wet weight was 0.33 kg algae per 50 , 40

50 , 40 seedling compared to aboveground biomass of 0.29 kg per seedling (Bacon- guis et al., 1995). The Cladophora-Oscillatoria algal mat covering a single 50 1.5-yr old S. alba sapling 1.6 m tall in Ermita, Dumangas had a dry weight 50 of 43.9 g. 50

50 b) Boring isopods identified as Sphaeroma terebrans attacked Rhizophora 100

100 saplings in Culajao, Roxas City (Fig. 29); the crustaceans showed no ap-

100 parent negative effects on mature A. marina trees. Originally from India

100 and taxonomically closer to terrestrial woodlice (than the isopods parasitic

100 on fish), the widely distributed S. terebrans (http://www.sms.si.edu/irlSpec/ 100 Sphaeroma_terebrans.htm) is on the evolutionary path from free-living crea- 100 ture to woodboring scavenger to full-fledged plant parasite (G. Bristow, 100 Univ. of Bergen, pers. comm.). 50 50

50 , 40 c) Barnacle infestation varies with mangrove age (declining in older >2 yr-old

50 , 40 seedlings) and species (rough bark of A. corniculatum preferred to smooth, flaky stems of K. candel) (Maxwell and Li, 2006). The adhesive cement of 75

75 barnacles may be deleterious to plant growth and survival. Avicennia and 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 41 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Fig. 40. 50

Barnacles are 50

harmless to 100

Sonneratia 100

alba which a, 100

d) regularly 100

sheds its bark, 100

but need to be 100

removed from b) 100

Avicennia marina 100 c) by means 75 , 66 of long-nosed 75 , 66 pliers. 75 75 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Sonneratia appear to tolerate barnacle infestation better than Rhizophora, C M perhaps related to their seafront dominance where barnacle incidence is 50 higher and to the flaking bark of S. alba (Fig. 40). 50 50 Y K d) Oysters may physically weigh down the plants, but do not seem to affect 50

survival of Avicennia and Sonneratia. 50 , 40 50 , 40 e) Insects: 50 • Larvae of the tussock moth Euproctis sp. attack Rhizophora leaves. Sco- 50 lytid beetle Coccotrypes (Poecilips) fallax larvae infest Rhizophora seed- 100 lings and propagules; indicators are the presence of holes and/or powdery 100 100 material (called “frass”) on the surface. 100

• Tide-watching Mangrove Moth Aucha velans larvae attack natural A. 100

marina stands (but not nearby Rhizopora and Sonneratia trees), eating 100 leaves and shoots whose branches eventually die; but new buds allow the 100 trees to recover (P. Sage, unpub.) 100 50 • Ambrosia beetle Platypus sp. adults bore holes through A. marina bark, 50 make tunnels where they lay eggs, and cause defoliation 100 ,

3) Anthropogenic (Fig. 35) 100 , 50 , 40 Fishing gears, boat traffic, and gleaning (for shellfish and crabs) have negative 50 , 40 impacts on mangrove plantations. Sites close to populated centers have prob- 50 lems with garbage and debris (fishing nets, plastic bags, etc.), and domestic 50 100 animals (e.g., pigs, goats, cattle). In plantations near primary forests, wild ani- 100

mals such as boars and monkeys feed on newly planted Rhizophora. 100 100 F. protEction And MAintEnAncE 100 100 Regular patrolling should be undertaken by the community (or LGU or school 100 group), for seafront plantations. On the other hand, it is best that a caretaker 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 55 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 42 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 (hired by the LGU or NGO) maintains plantations inside abandoned ponds 100

100 with no organized communities, particularly while tenurial negotiations are

100 ongoing. 100 1) Planting is recommended in the rainy season to avoid algal blooms during 50

50 the summer months. Otherwise, algae should be regularly removed using a 50 , 40 pair of scissors. Collected algae should be placed in bags for disposal else- 50 , 40 where (Fig. 39). In the CMRP Nabitasan, Leganes site, removal of algae is 100 ,

100 , done from a boat when the tide is at least 0.5 m so the floating algae are

100 , easily collected. 100 , 2) The most effective way to remove barnacles is with long-nosed pliers (Fig. 100 40) – do not use your bare hands as the shells have sharp edges! Rhizopho- 100 ra plantations are particularly prone to barnacle infestation, so a proactive 100

100 solution is to avoid planting bakhaw along the seafront (where they do not

100 belong). Otherwise, avoid monoculture plantations that are vulnerable to

100 pests by interplanting with A. marina and/or S. alba. Because it regularly

100 sheds its bark (Fig. 40), pagatpat S. alba is unaffected by barnacles and 100 oysters. 50

50 3) Relatively taller seedlings should be planted in seafront sites with high sedi- 50 , 40

50 , 40 ment load and in deeper water, so the higher leaves remain exposed and

100 , are less prone to gathering sediment and flooding, allowing the plants to

100 , survive. K Y 50 4) For protection from wave action, install barriers made of rocks or closely 50 spaced bamboo poles (Fig. 32). Such barriers also help to trap sediment 100 M C

100 and increase the substrate level, further enhancing plant growth. In places

100 where erosion is a major problem, a breakwater can be constructed, e.g., in

100 Pedada, Ajuy (Fig. 33, Box 10). 100

100 Fig. 41. 100 Political will is 100 important – for

50 example, the hut 50

50 , 40 (and caretaker)

50 , 40 provided by the Leganes, 50 Iloilo municipal 50 government 50 has facilitated 50 cross visits by 100 LGU oficials, 100 NGOs and other 100 groups. 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 43 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Fig. 42. 5) Alternatively, rela- 50

Plant height tively sheltered por- 50

is the basic tions of the plantation 100

parameter for with a gentle slope 100

growth, and is 100 have recruits washed

measured from 100 up by the tide. The the base to the 100 Balaring, Capiz P.O. tip of the stem 100

(top, right). NewBAMA installed 100

Plants bent a bamboo fence in 100 (by algae and July 2010 to keep out 75 , 66 other factors)

gleaners and other 75 , 66 must first be 75 passersby from their straightened 75 before plantation. After one 50 , 40 measuring year, the protected 50 , 40 (bottom, right). area has been colo- 50 nized by ~500 A. ma- 50 rina wildings, now measuring ~1 m high, in an area of 0.5 ha (or a recruit- 100 ment rate of 1,000 wildings/ha: Box 10). 100 100

6) For protection from boat traffic during high tide when plants cannot be 100 seen, NewBAMA installed floating markers made of packaging strap mate- 100 100

rial attached to bamboo poles staked around the perimeter of the planta- 100

tion (Fig. 35). To protect the seedlings and keep out shellfish gleaners, stray 100 C M animals and also large debris (washed out during typhoons), install bam- 50

boo and other low-budget fences (Fig. 35). Fences should be temporary, 50 50 Y

lasting 3 yr, or until saplings become tall and sturdy enough to withstand K boats and animals. Signs describing the project and warning outsiders to 50

keep out also provide effective protection. 50 , 40 50 , 40 7) If the mangrove site is far from road access, a rest house with toilet facili- 50 ties and other amenities, will provide planters rest from sun and shade. 50 100 Such is the hut constructed by the Leganes, Iloilo LGU (Fig. 41), which also 100

displays the municipal ordinance that protects the mangroves and other 100

mangrove laws (Table 11). 100 100

8) Visit the plantation regularly to repair fences and remove debris (plas- 100

tics, fish nets), filamentous algae, barnacles and sediment from leaves and 100

stems. Gather algae, debris and trash in old plastic bags and dispose of away 100 from the plantation (Fig. 38). Do not throw these back into the water/plant- 50 ing site. Dead plants should be replaced with nursery-sourced seedlings or 50

wilding transplants, especially in the 1st year. 100 , 100 , 50 , 40

g. Monitoring 50 , 40 50

Often overlooked in mangrove rehabilitation programmes, regular monitoring 50 (Fig. 42) is fundamental in determining whether objectives of reforestation 100 have been achieved. In many cases, the mere numbers of propagules or seed- 100 100 lings planted are considered indicators of success (especially given the propen- 100

sity for photo ‘ops’ meaning opportunities). Yet subsequent investigation dem- 100

onstrates that very few plants have survived because either the site or species 100 selection has been inappropriate. Allocating time and resources into monitor- 100 ing is a key component of a successful mangrove rehabilitation program. 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 57 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 44 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 Fig. 43. 100

100 Fixed quadrats or plots are 100

100 useful in keeping track 50 of growth 50

50 , 40 and survival 50 , 40 because plants 100 , are tagged 100 , individually. 100 , 100 , 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40

100 , Monitoring is important at two levels: 100 ,

K For NGOs, government agencies and researchers involved in mangrove refor- Y 50

50 estation: to assess plant growth and survival and give regular feedback to the 100 M LGU, community, school/civic groups and other stakeholders. It is also key to C 100 developing successful and replicable approaches to reforestation. 100

100 For communities: to track recovery of their mangrove forest, and also to iden-

100 tify and troubleshoot problems early. 100

100 Scientific monitoring 100 Established monitoring methods have been based on measuring 10-20% of 50

50 plants at varying frequency – monthly (months 1-3), then quarterly (months 50 , 40 4-12), biannually (months 12-48), and annually (>48 months). The CMRP 50 , 40 planted around 90,000 mangroves involving nearly 4,000 people from com-

50 munities and civic society. With only one field biologist on staff, it quickly be- 50 came apparent that traditional monitoring approaches were not viable and it 50 was very difficult to track plants consistently over time. In addition, the en- 50

100 thusiastic engagement of communities meant that active replacement planting

100 was carried out with no records, compromising calculations of survival rates. 100

100 As a result, we moved to established fixed-point quadrats as the preferred way

100 to monitor mangrove survival and growth, especially when dealing with large-

100 scale rehabilitation projects. This provides a defined area for regular scientific

100 monitoring which is recognized by participating communities. 100

50 1) How to set up a fixed quadrat (Fig. 43) 50 50 , 40 Step A - Plant an area at least 100 m2 with mangrove seedlings and make 50 , 40 a note of the date. (Note that mangroves planted in batches over a

75 one-month period can be counted as a single batch.) 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 45 25 25 50 , 40

2 50 , 40 Step B - Measure a 100 m plot within your planted area which may be 50

square (10 m x 10 m) or rectangular (20 m x 5 m) depending on 50

the planted area. If the area has varying substrate, elevation, etc., 100

set up more than one quadrat in these micro-sites. 100 100 Step C - Permanently mark the plot by inserting bamboo or wooden poles 100

buried ~1 m deep in each of the four corners. This will then give a 100

permanent reference area for monitoring. If available, take a GPS 100 reference point of the quadrat, or use permanent local landmarks 100 or features to reference the plot. 100

Step D - Through briefings with the community, ensure that no undocu- 75 , 66 75 , 66 mented or ad hoc replacement planting is undertaken within the 75

quadrat as this will distort the results. 75

2) Monitoring survival and growth rates 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 Individual plants are tagged to facilitate data gathering, in particular growth 50

rate measurements. Tagging materials should withstand alternate periods of 100

getting wet by the tide and drying under the sun, and retain their colors at 100

least over the 2-3 yr of intensive monitoring. Bright colors such as red and or- 100

ange are preferred because they stand out against the greenery. Tag materials 100 should also be available and cheap as they are continually replaced due to wear 100 100

and tear. We recommend using gena cloth (tag remains intact for at least 1 yr, 100

but marks and color lost over time) with each given a unique reference code 100 C M (Fig. 44). When attaching the tags, ensure you leave enough space to allow for 50

future growth to enable the calculation of exact growth rates for each plant. 50 50 Y

Other materials that we tested are Crystal silk, colored wires (may constrict the K seedlings), and plastic folder material (gets brittle and breaks). 50 50 , 40 Monitor survival and growth rates monthly for the first quarter, every 3 50 , 40 months for the first two years and then every six months between years 2 and 50 50 Fig. 44. 100 Among different 100 100 materials tested 100

by CMRP, the 100 best is gena cloth 100

(a, b, c) in terms 100 of visibility, 100

availability and 50

price (though 50 it has a short lifespan). Other 100 , materials 100 , tested are not 50 , 40 50 , 40 satisfactory – d) 50

crystal silk, e) 50

plastic folder 100

and wire, and f) 100

laminated paper 100

and wire. 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 46 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 4. Monitoring beyond 4 years is optional, though an annual inspection can be 100

100 useful. It is important that all data are recorded on a data monitoring/ record-

100 ing sheet (Appendix 1). 100 The materials you will need are a meter stick and/or measuring tape, counter, 50

50 pencil/pen, and monitoring sheet. 50 , 40

50 , 40 Survival 100 , Step A Count the total number of plants within your quadrat on the day 100 , it is established. This initial number will serve as the baseline for 100 ,

100 , your future analyses.

100 Step B Return to the site, make a note of the date, calculate how many

100 days it has been since your last visit. 100

100 Step C Count all of the surviving plants within your quadrat.

100 Step D Calculate the survival rate of all plants. 100

100 No. of survivors x 100 = survival rate (%)

100 Initial no.

50 Step E Repeat steps B-D every time you monitor your quadrat. 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 Survival rates of 70-80% after 1-2 yr, and 60-75% after 3 yr (Fig. 45) may be

100 , expected, if the preceding guidelines on site selection, planting, maintenance

100 , and protection are followed. K Y 50 50 100 M C 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 Fig. 45. Growth and survival: (A) height, (B) no. of leaves, and (C) survival rate of Avicennia marina (Leganes, Iloilo and Ivisan, Capiz) and Sonneratia alba (Dumangas, Iloilo). The latter (C, right) declined to 75

75 70% on Day 50 because leafless plants were considered dead; it increased to 85% by Day 200 when the 75 , 66 leaves had reappeared. 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 47 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Growth 50

Step A Select at least 30 plants at random (meaning do not choose a par- 50 ticular size or characteristic, e.g., tallest, smallest) within your 100 quadrat and measure their height on the day the quadrat is es- 100 100 tablished. This initial height (H1) will act as the baseline for your 100

future analyses. Using your meter stick and/or measuring tape, 100

measure the height from ground level to the highest bud (not the 100 tip of leaves) of the tallest branch; straighten out plants that are 100 bent (by the weight of algae) before measuring to ensure the tip 100

of the stem is measured (Fig. 42). For plants with dead branches, 75 , 66 75 , 66

measure up to the living portion. 75

Step B Return to the site, make a note of the date, calculate how many 75

days it has been since your last visit. 50 , 40 50 , 40 Step C Select another 30 plants at random (they do not have to be the 50

same plants as in step A) within your quadrat and measure their 50

height (H2) as described in Step 1. 100 Step D Calculate the growth rate as follows: 100 100

H2 – H1 x 100 = growth rate (%) 100 H1 100 100

Step E Repeat steps B-D every time you monitor your quadrat. 100 100 Fig. 45 shows growth in terms of height and no. of leaves of A. marina and S. C M 50 alba in three CMRP sites. 50 50 Y

3) Optional measurements K 50 Number of leaves (for additional growth parameters): individual counts up 50 , 40 to 30 leaves, otherwise note as >30. 50 , 40 50

Number of nodes and 50 Fig. 46. The number nodal distance may also 100 of nodes and be recorded for Rhi- 100 internodal zophora and Ceriops 100 distance are species (Fig. 46). 100 also indicators 100 of growth in Number of pneumato- 100 Rhizophora and phores may also be re- 100 related genera corded for Avicennia 100 50 (Rhizophoraceae). and Sonneratia species 50 (Morrisey et al, 2003). 100 ,

Document first flower- 100 ,

ing and fruiting events: 50 , 40 50 , 40 Early reproduction is a 50

characteristic of man- 50

grove colonizers. In the 100

Iloilo CMRP sites, we documented first flowering at 3 yr forA. marina (Fig. 100 8) and 4 yr for S. alba (Fig. 3). 100 100

Aside from floral succession and mangrove survival, the success of rehabilita- 100

tion can also be evaluated through faunal recruitment (return of fish, crus- 100 taceans and mollusks), environmental factors, sustainable exploitation, and 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 48 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 box 12. Community Decision Tree 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 100 , 100 , K Y 50 50 100 M C 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50

50 ecosystem functioning including links with other habitats (Kaly and Jones, 50 , 40

50 , 40 1998; Bosire et al, 2008; Crona and Ronnback, 2005, 2007; Walton et al, 2006, 2007). 50

50 Soil (porewater) salinity and pH may be measured using a refractometer and

50 pH meter, respectively, for correlation with growth and survival. 50

100 Community monitoring 100

100 The fixed quadrat monitoring approach is within the technical capability and

100 resources of some trained local monitoring teams, though interpretation of

100 results can be challenging. The primary objective of communities involved 100 in mangrove rehabilitation projects is to conduct the most resource effective 100 approaches to start gaining the resource benefits from recovered mangrove 100 forests. In this case, therefore, communities need to focus on monitoring sur- 50

50 vival, identifying problems early and knowing how to solve them. The CMRP 50 , 40 has therefore developed a simple decision tree as a troubleshooting tool which 50 , 40 should be translated into the local dialect (Box 11). 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 49 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 h. outplAnting coStS 50 50

Mangrove rehabilitation costs $100-500++/ha in the Philippines and $225- 100

216,000/ha elsewhere (Primavera and Esteban, 2008). Compared to past pro- 100 grams in the country, outplanting costs for CMRP sites are higher at $2,000- 100 3,000/ha (PhP92,500-128,500/ha), of which 80-85% represent expenses 100 100 for nursery-sourced plants (reared from wildings or seedlings). These plant- 100

ing materials cost PhP14-22 each from the nursery (Table 8) in contrast to 100

only PhP0.75-3.00 per seedling (bakhaw propagules; Primavera and Esteban, 100

2008) for the early projects which generally give low survival of ~10-20%. The 75 , 66

use of nursery plants in CMRP sites gives higher mangrove survival of up to 75 , 66 75 70-80% in Years 1-2 (ZSL-CMRP BLF Terminal Report, 2012). 75

Table 10 gives the summary of outplanted mangroves in CMRP sites – 98,500 50 , 40

seedlings/saplings in ~20 ha of seafront sites and abandoned ponds by ~4,100 50 , 40 50 volunteer planters. The labor component for nursery and outplanting provided 50

tAblE 9. Costs of outplanting and 1-yr maintenance of CMRP mangrove plantation using 100 volunteers and caretaker 100 100

unit cost total cost 100

item quantity Frequency 100 (php) (php)a

b, c 100

A. outplanting activity 100 100 Cost of nursery plants (including 72,500- C M 5,000 14.5-21.7 50 replacement) 108,500 50 50 Transportation (30 volunteers/planters) 2 vehicles 5 trips 1,000 10,000 Y K Spade, digging blades 5 sets 500 2,500 50

Bamboo stakes, other supplies 5 sets 500 2,500 50 , 40 50 , 40 First Aid kit 1 set 500 500 50 50

Snacks (30 volunteers) 30 pax 5 trips 30/pax 4,500 100 100 d 92,500- Total outplanting costs per ha 100 128,500 100

Total outplanting costs per plant 18.5-25.7 100

b. plantation maintenance (1 yr) e, f 100 100

Caretaker (no P.O./community) 1 12 1,000 12,000 100 50 Transportation (15 volunteers) 1 6 trips 1,000 6,000 50 Snacks (15 volunteers) 15 pax 6 trips 30/pax 2,700 100 ,

Garbage bags, scissors, pliers, other 100 , 2 sets 1,000/set 2,000 supplies 50 , 40 50 , 40 Total maintenance costs per ha (1 yr)g 22,700 50 50 Total planting + 1-yr maintenance 115,200- 100 costs per ha 151,200 100 a d Total costs are lower if the community provides la- Optional costs: certificates for volunteers @ 100 bor (transportation becomes minimal), and higher PhP10 100 if protective fence is added e Assume caretaker for security (no P.O./commu- 100 b Per activity (2-3 hr period) = 1,000 seedlings plant- nity) ed by 30 volunteers, therefore 4,500 seedlings re- f Assume clean-up, other maintenance by volun- 100 quire 5 trips teers in Months 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12 100

c Assume nursery is nearby, therefore no transport g Optional: bamboo fence @ ~PhP50,000 (materi- 100 costs als only, labor provided by community) 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 50 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100

100 tAblE 10. Summary of CMRP outplanting (2009–2011)

100 total no. Site Species Area planters

100 planted covered (ha)

100 Seafront Planting

100 Bungalon (A. marina) 3,230 Buntod Katibyugan, NewBAMA

50 Pagatpat (S. alba) 1,262 members/ officers, Ivisan National balaring, 2.5 50 Bakhaw (Rhizophora spp.) 640 HighSchool, Balaring Elem. School,

50 , 40 ivisan, capiz Others/mixed spp 1,500 MLGU-Ivisan, BFAR-PFO Capiz 50 , 40 Total 6,632 674 100 , Bungalon (A. marina) 12,674 100 , Pagatpat (S. alba) - Buntod Katibyugan, community 100 , 3 members, Pawa National High School, buntod, panay, Rhizophora 100 , capiz Bakhaw ( spp.) 8,783 MLGU-Pan-ay Others/mixed spp - 100 Total 21,457 619 100 Bungalon (A. marina) - 100 bigke, leganes, Pagatpat (S. alba) - 100 0.3 BLGU-Community iloilo (Site Bakhaw (Rhizophora spp.) - 100 dropped) Others/mixed spp 195 100 Total 195 30 100 Bungalon (A. marina) 210

100 PICHE members (Univ. San Agustin, Ermita, Pagatpat (S. alba) 396 UP Visayas, Central Phil.University, 50 1 St. Therese College, John B. Lacson dumangas, Bakhaw (Rhizophora spp.) - 50 Colleges), PhilBikers, WIMA 50 , 40 iloilo Others/mixed spp 376 Philstudents, UCCP-Pag-ulikid students 50 , 40 Total 982 438 100 , Bungalon (A. marina) 19,190 BPFA officers/members, Knights of 100 , Pagatpat (S. alba) 871 Columbus, Ajuy-NIPSC students, K pedada, Ajuy, 2 MLGU-Ajuy, BLGU-Pedada, ANHS Y 50 Bakhaw (Rhizophora spp.) 320 iloilo students, CPU-JMAP, private citizens, 50 Others/mixed spp - senior citizens, youth 100 M Total 20,381 993 C 100 totAl 49,642 8.3 2,754 100 Ponds Planting 100 Bungalon (A. marina) 320 BFA officers, NAMAO officers, Naisud 100 naisud, ibajay, Pagatpat (S. alba) - High School Students, MLGU-Ibajay, 100 Aklan* (Site 1 Bakhaw (Rhizophora spp.) - Naisud Youth, ASU Students, East

100 dropped for Others/mixed spp 847 Ibajay Students, MFARMC-Ibajay, BLGU 100 planting) Total 1,167 341 50 Bungalon (A. marina) 800 50

50 , 40 basyaw cove, Pagatpat (S. alba) - KAMAMADO officers and members,

50 , 40 3 BLGU/MLGU-Nva. Valencia, GMA7 dolores, nva. Rhizophora valencia, Bakhaw ( spp.) 8,140 Crew Others/mixed spp - 50 guimaras

50 Total 8,940 314

50 Bungalon (A. marina) 10,069 Nabitasan National HS, BLGU-

50 Pagatpat (S. alba) 50 Nabitasan, MLGU-DA Leganes, Leganes nabitasan, 3.5 100 Rhizophora National HS, RCJC, JPIA, WIMAPhil, leganes, iloilo Bakhaw ( spp.) 10,400 100 Others/mixed spp - GoldenZ, WVCST, PICHE, UCCP

100 Total 20,519 513 100 Bungalon (A. marina) 5,750 100 JastillanoFlA, Pagatpat (S. alba) 300

100 3.5 Locals, ZSL staff, and NIPSC students dumangas, Bakhaw (Rhizophora spp.) 10,300 100 iloilo Others/mixed spp - 100 Total 16,350 85 50 Bungalon (A. marina) 1,945 50

50 , 40 Pagatpat (S. alba) - NIPSC students, Sto. Rosario BLGU, doligosaFlA, 1 50 , 40 Rhizophora ZSL staff Ajuy, iloilo Bakhaw ( spp.) - Others/mixed spp - 75 Total 1,945 123 75

75 , 66 totAl 48,921 12 1,376 75 , 66 grAnd totAl (Seafront & ponds) 98,563 20.3 4,130 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 51 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 by PO members, students, NGO and other sectors is minimal because of its 50

voluntary nature, in contrast to PhP3,500-10,200/ha (for paid labor) for plan- 50

tation establishment and maintenance in earlier projects. No Pay (volunteer) 100

Planting is based on the premise that labor contributed by the community pro- 100 vides the basis for ownership, thereby obligating them to care for the plants to 100 maturity and validating their role as de facto managers of mangrove resources. 100 100 100

tAblE 11. P.D. 705 (1975) Revised Forestry Code: Mangrove strips in islands providing 100 Philippine laws protection from high winds, typhoons shall not be alienated 100 on mangrove conservation and BFD A.O. 2 (1979) Minimum 25% of total mangrove forest of any given area to be 75 , 66

declared completely protected as Mangrove Wilderness Areas 75 , 66 rehabilitation 75

(Primavera et al, P.P. 2151 & 2152 Declaration of 4,326 ha of mangroves as wilderness areas and 75 2004) (1981) 74,767 ha as forest reserves 50 , 40 MNR A.O. 42 (1986) Expansion of mangrove belt in storm surge, typhoon areas: 100 m 50 , 40 along shorelines, 50 m along riverbanks 50 P.D. 1067 3 to 20 m of riverbanks, seashore for public use: recreation, 50 navigation, floatage, fishing and salvage; building of structures not 100 allowed 100 100

DENR A.O. 76 (1987) Establishment of buffer zone: 50 m fronting seas, oceans, and 20 100

m along riverbanks; FLA ponds required to plant 50-m mangrove 100 strip 100

DENR A.O. 123 (1990) Award of 25-yr Community Forestry Management Agreement for 100 100 small scale utilization of mangroves, establishment of Rhizophora C M and Nypa plantations, aquasilviculture 50 DENR A.O. 15 (1990) Policies on communal forests, plantations, tenure through 50 50 Y

Mangrove Stewardship Contracts; revert abandoned ponds K to forest; ban cutting of trees in FLA areas; prohibit further 50

conversion of thickly vegetated areas 50 , 40 50 , 40 DENR Memo Cir. 7 Prohibits mangrove cutting in FLA area if ≥10% canopy cover and/ 50

(1991) or capable of natural regeneration 50

DENR A.O. 3 (1991) Policies and guidelines for Mangrove Stewardship Agreement 100 DA-DENR Gen. M.O. 3 Mangrove areas released to BFAR but not utilized or abandoned 5 100 100 (1991) years from release to be reverted to forest land category 100

R.A. 7160 (1991) Local Government Code: devolved management/implementation 100

of community forestry projects, communal forests <500 ha, 100

enforcement of community-based laws 100

R.A. 7161 (1991) Internal Revenue Code: Ban on cutting of all mangrove species 100 50 DENR A.O. 6 (1992) Reversion to forest land category portions of mangroves in Bohol 50 declared Alienable or Disposable for ponds 100 , DENR A.O. 23 (1993) Combined 3-yr Mangrove Reforestation Contract and 25-yr Forest Land Management Agreement into new 25-yr FLMA for families (1- 100 , 10 ha) and communities (10-1,000 ha) 50 , 40 50 , 40 DENR A.O. 30 (1994) Community-Based Mangrove Forest Management; NGO assistance 50 50

R.A. 8550 (1998) Prohibits mangrove conversion to fishponds; reforestation of 100 riverbanks, seashore etc, fronting fishponds; DENR, DILG with 100

LGUs to determine abandoned, underdeveloped or under-utilised 100 ponds for rversion to mangroves. 100

DA-DENR-DILG A.O. 1 Interagency TWG to identify FLAs abandoned for 5 yrs from lease 100

(2008) date; prepare guidelines for mangrove reversion of AUU FLA areas 100 100 Abbreviations: A.O. = Administrative Order; DENR = Department of Environment and Natural Resources; MNR = Ministry of Natural Resources, P.D. = Presidential Decree; P.P. = Presidential Proclamation; R.A. = 100

Republic Act 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 52 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 100

100 Organizing Communities 100 100

50 A. BAsic concepts 50 50 , 40 Community organizing is defined as a process by which a community identi- 50 , 40 fies its needs and objectives, develops the confidence to take action, and in so 100 ,

100 , doing, extends and develops cooperative and collaborative attitudes and prac-

100 , tices in the community (Ross and Lappin, 1967). 100 , Why is there a need to organize coastal communities? 100 • Increase the coastal communities awareness of the condition of their envi- 100 ronment and resources. 100

100 • Develop a sense of ownership in communities, and help them take collective

100 responsibility for managing and protecting the resources. 100 • Provide opportunities for local participation of men and women in decision- 100

100 making using the participatory process of problem identification, planning,

50 implementation and monitoring. 50

50 , 40 • Strengthen the community’s capacity to access funds for sustainable socio-

50 , 40 economic projects.

100 , • Enable the community to form alliances for advocacy, information, resourc- 100 , es and technologies sharing. K Y 50 • Build and sustain organizational structures for coastal resource manage- 50 ment. 100 M C 100 • Provide the necessary social preparation. 100

100 The ultimate aim of community organizing is to empower the community so

100 that they are able to manage and protect their coastal environment on their

100 own. The process of organizing communities is best facilitated by an effective 100 Community Organizer (CO) (Box 13). 100 50

50 Box 13. The Community Organizer 50 , 40 50 , 40 The Community Organizer 50

50 COs work to develop the capacity of local leaders, to facilitate coalition building and

50 to assist in development campaigns. They seek to build groups that adhere to the

50 principles of democratic governance. COs must be open, accessible to community

100 members and concerned with the general welfare of the community. The COs must 100 have: 100

100 • A clear grasp of the different theories of development

100 • Familiarity with the concept and processes of community organizing 100 • Good social and community relationship skills 100

100 • An ability to work with other teams of professionals involved in the management of marine and coastal resources. 50 50

50 , 40 The CO approach should adhere to the general principles of a standard and traditional

50 , 40 CO. Moreover, they must be able to adapt according to the focus of the project for it to be effective e.g. CO for land distribution, CO for Coastal Resource Management 75 (CRM), or in this case, CO for mangrove communities. 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 53 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 B. orgAnizing communities in mAngrove AreAs 50 50

In 2008, the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) Community-based Mangrove 100

Rehabilitation Project (CMRP) was established to protect and restore the 100 mangrove forests of Panay, western Visayas. The project team worked with six 100 different communities, first engaging with the Bugtongbato and Naisud com- 100 100 munities in Ibajay, Aklan. This was followed by the communities in Dolores, 100

Nueva Valencia in Guimaras and Pedada, Ajuy, Iloilo. The project also engaged 100

the communities in Balaring, Ivisan and Buntod, Panay all in the province of 100

Capiz. Due to the community-based nature of this project, Community Or- 75 , 66

ganizers (COs) were a core 75 , 66 75 Fig. 47. DENR part of the project team in 75 and BFAR par- order to strengthen exist- ticipants to the ing People’s Organizations 50 , 40

Mangrove Con- 50 , 40 50 vergence Initia- (POs) (i.e. Bugtongbato, tive meeting on Dolores, Pedada, Buntod) 50 new policy issu- and to form new POs in ar- 100 ances, 10 March eas where there was none 100 100 2010. (i.e. Naisud and Balaring). 100

This manual outlines the 100

experiences of the project 100 team of working with these 100 100 communities, to help in- C M 50 form similar projects. 50 50 Y K c. FormAtion oF A support group 50 50 , 40 Fig. 48. The CMRP project formed 50 , 40 Exhibit opening, the Mangrove Conver- 50 International gence Initiative (MCI) 50 100 Year of the Forest composed of key agencies Celebration with 100 mayors of Iloilo and institutions (DENR, 100

City and Leganes, BFAR and academe) 100 BFAR 6 Director, working on mangroves in 100 DENR 6 RTD for the region. MCI’s forma- 100 Research and tion was identified by the 100 Development 100 LGUs, Line Government 50 and ZSL Project

agencies and NGOs in the 50 Manager, Iloilo 10-12 September 2007 City, 19 Sept. 100 , workshop as a need to 2011. 100 ,

meet and discuss common concerns on pond cancellation and mangrove re- 50 , 40 50 , 40

version. Resolution #2 - A Resolution Calling for the Formation of a Regional 50

Mangrove Convergence Initiative (MCI) and for Pro-Active Efforts by Key 50

Government Agencies was passed by the participants of the workshop to sup- 100

port this clamor. 100 100 100

D. orgAnizing steps 100 100

The COs used an issue-based approach for organizing mangrove communi- 100

ties. There is no written framework in organizing communities for mangroves 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 54 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 hence, the ZSL CMRP adopted the steps that evolved from its own experience 100

100 and shared in this manual. The five major steps in organizing mangrove com-

100 munities are as follows: 100 1. Forge agreements with partner LGUs, LGAs and academe – in 50

50 order to seal the partnership, define partners’ roles and accountability to 50 , 40 include understanding the 50 , 40 Fig. 49. duration and scope of the 100 , MOA signing

100 , between project. The partners must

100 , municipal develop and sign legal

100 , LGU of Ibajay, agreements in the form of Barangay LGUs

100 a Memorandum of Agree- of Bugtongbato 100 ment (MOA) (Fig 49). This and Naisud 100 and ZSL CMRP, is the first activity during 100 Ibajay, Aklan, 12 the first year of the project 100 Jan. 2009. (Appendix 2). Below are 100 the steps in forging agree- 100

100 ments. 50 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 Pay courtesy call to the Local Government Unit/ Line Government Agency officials/ academe 100 , 100 , K Y 50 50 100 M Present the project C 100 100 100 100

100 Define roles and responsibilities 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 Partners draft and review 50 , 40 Memorandum of Agreement 50 50 50

50 Sangguniang Bayan authorize the Mayor to sign 100 the MOA (for LGU partners only) 100 100 100 100

100 MOA signing 100 100

50 2. Get to know the community – This is the step where the CO enters 50

50 , 40 the area and immerses in the community to become familiar with the site,

50 , 40 ascertain the political scenario through an analysis of forces that interplay within the area, and identify potential leaders. The criteria used to identify 75

75 leaders are as follows: 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 55 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 • Well respected by members of community, and has relatively wide influ- 50

ence; 50

• Aware of community issues and concerns; 100

• Desirous of change and is willing to work for change; 100 • Believes in the participation of many people in resolving issues; 100 • Belongs to the targeted sector for organizing e.g. marginal fishers, shell 100 100 gleaners, etc.; 100

• Finds time to perform the tasks of the core group; and 100

• Communicates effectively and listens to community members. 100

The potential leaders are formed into a core group to partner with the CO 75 , 66 75 , 66 until an organization is formed. Issue identification is done at this stage. 75

The CO must be able to sense how accepting the community is of the project 75

by way of paying courtesy calls to the village officials, conducting house-to- 50 , 40

house visits and/ or conducting formal and informal dialogues and consul- 50 , 40 50 tations. The communities are trained by the COs to serve as Local Research 50

Assistants (LRAs) and are tasked to examine their own problems, set their 100

own goals, and analyze their economic situation (Fig 50). LRAs gather in- 100

formation using participatory techniques (Box 14) and household surveys 100

(Appendix 3) to establish 100 Fig. 50. community profile reflec- 100 Local Research 100

tive of the real situation 100 Assistants

of their area (Appendix 100 conduct Focus C M Group Discussion 4). The profile serves as 50 with fishers baseline data, a guide for 50 50 Y

and women project intervention, and K in Barangay the basis for measuring 50

Bugtongbato, impact at the end of the 50 , 40

Ibajay, Aklan, 26 50 , 40 project (see below). 50 Nov. 2008. All the activities in the sec- 50 100 ond step are done in the 100

first year of CO work. 100 100

Box 14. Training Design on Local Research Assistants (LRA) 100

Activity/Topic Time allotment 100 100

Arrival and registration of participants 1 Hour 30 100

- Opening Prayer - Expectations check/levelling off minutes 50

- Singing of the National Anthem - Objectives of the training 50 - Welcome message - Training schedule orientation - Introduction of participants - What is inside the kit? 100 , 100 , Lecture 5 hours 15 50 , 40 - The Mangrove Community- Based Rehabilitation Project minutes 50 , 40 - PRA Methods and Tools 50

- Data needs : secondary data, FGDs and household survey 50

questionnaires 100

- Approaching communities, conducting FGDs and interviews 100 Hands-on/ Field Visit 6 hours 100 100

Sharing of outputs, difficulties and lessons learned and research 2 hours 100

planning 100

Closing 15 minutes 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 56 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100

100 Analysis of the increase in income was conducted to see how it changed after the

100 implementation of livelihood projects (e.g. working as ecopark caretaker) in the site. Socio-

100 economic data were collected at the start of the project to determine the baseline income

100 of the members. After one cycle, the survey was again conducted to determine their economic situation as shown in the example below. 50 50

50 , 40 Josephine Gelito, a Katunggan It Ibajay ecopark caretaker, had a 33% increase in income

50 , 40 representing her monthly share from ecopark revenues.

100 , Income 2008 Income 2011 Change in Income Percent 100 , Josephine Gelito PhP 3,001.00 PhP 4,000.00 PhP 999.00 33.29% 100 , 100 , 3. Form or strengthen POs – The communities have to be organized to 100 apply for CBFMA and to manage the mangroves for a minimum of 25 years. 100 This step is necessary in building long-term engagement, support, and re- 100

100 sponsibility from communities towards mangrove rehabilitation. For exist-

100 ing POs, they need to be strengthened (in two ZSL sites, formation of the

100 PO was necessary while strengthening was needed in the other four). Below

100 are the steps comparing PO formation versus strengthening. 100

50 PO Formation PO strengthening 50 50 , 40 Identification of Leaders Organizational Diagnosis 50 , 40 Core Group Formation PO re-organization ( Vision Mission Goal, 100 , Conduct of Meetings Constitution-By-Laws, election of 100 , Mobilization officers) K PO Formation (Vision Mission Goal setting, Update PO Membership Y 50

50 Election of officers, Constitution-By-Laws Registration/ Submit report to Registering

100 formulation) Agency M C 100 PO registration Financial Audit of POs with existing income Capacity Building (ongoing) generating projects 100

100 Accreditation Capacity Building (ongoing) Accreditation 100 100

100 At the start of CMRP project, ZSL identified the indicators (Box 15) of a

100 functional PO. This served as reference in conducting Organizational Diag-

50 nosis (OD) using a set of tools (Box 16). The OD result is used in identifying 50

50 , 40 appropriate interventions to build strong and functional POs. Some of the

50 , 40 organizational strengthening activities implemented were revisiting Vision, Mission and Goal, formulating Constitution and By-Laws (CBL) (Box 17), 50

50 defining organizational structure and election of officers, and registering to

50 either the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or the Department 50 of Labor and Employment (DOLE) where the following requirements are 100 complied: 100

100 a. SEC Registration Requirements for Non-Stock Corporations/ 100 Organizations/Associations 100

100 1. Name Verification Slip 100 2. Articles of Incorporation 100 3. Written Undertaking to change corporate name 50 4. Resolution of the Board of Directors that the Corporation will comply 50 50 , 40 with SEC Requirements for non-stock Corporations 50 , 40 5. List of members certified by the Secretary and undertaking to submit

75 list of additional members to the Securities and Exchange Commis- 75

75 , 66 sion (SEC) 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 57 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Box 15. ZSL indicators of a functional PO 50

Activity Objectively verifiable indicators Means of verification 50 100 Milestone 1: Six POs formed and active 100

Organizing/strengthening of POs organized/ strengthened; Minutes of meeting; 100

fishers/mangrove users Organizational Diagnosis conducted diagnosis report; 100

attendance sheets 100

Training on leadership, All PO officers trained; monthly Attendance sheet; 100 organizational management meetings conducted documentation/report; minutes of 100 meetings 100

Formalization of organizational 6 written/approved Constitution CBL document; registration and 75 , 66 75 , 66

structure through meetings and By- laws; set of officers elected accreditation papers 75 per PO; PO registration 75 Participation of members in forum/ At least 50% of active members Attendance sheet, certificate of seminars on mangrove have attended seminars and forums participation 50 , 40 50 , 40 Membership recruitment At least 20 members per PO Application for membership, 50 payment of dues, list of members 50 100 Study tour 5-10 members participated/PO in Attendance sheets; tickets; at least 1 study tour certificate of participation; 100 100 pictures 100

Writeshop on proposal At least 1 proposal developed/ Certificate of award for funding, 100

development for development approved per PO proposals 100

projects 100 100 Milestone 2: PO have catalogued and mapped resources C M 50

Mapping of resources with the 1 CBFMA map produced per site CBFMA maps 50 50 DENR and LGU Y K

Milestone 3: CBFMA awarded to POs 50

Orientation on CBFMA 1 seminar on CBFMA conducted Attendance sheet; 50 , 40

per PO documentation/report 50 , 40 50

Preparation of documents for Workshop/meeting conducted; Documentation; compiled CBFMA 50

CBFMA application letter of intent submitted to DENR; papers; CBFMA awarded 100

LGU endorsements 100

Milestone 4: CRMF and AWPs developed, endorsed by DENR 100 100

Training workshop/formulation 6 CRMF and AWPs developed/ DENR affirmation of the 100 on the theoretical and practical submitted to DENR documents aspects of Community Resource 100 Management Framework and 100 AWPs 100 50

Milestone 5: Sustainable livelihood activities are developed/agreed by POs 50

Training on enterprise planning and Module on enterprise planning and Attendance sheets; 100 , development development documentation report 100 ,

PO meeting At least 1 livelihood/PO Pictures; PO records 50 , 40 50 , 40

implemented 50

Milestone 6: POs/government provided with training in livelihood 50 Skills training of POs and At least 1 skills training/identified Attendance sheets; 100 government officials livelihood documentation report 100 100 Preparation of training modules Training module developed/ Training design 100

livelihood 100

Milestone 7: Sustainable livelihood activities implemented 100 100 Preparation and submission of Business plans developed Business plan business plans and Implementation 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 58 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 Box 16. 100 Present Recommend­ Item CMRP indicators of success Gaps 100 PO Organizational status ations Diagnosis (OD) 100 Organizational POs organized/strengthened

100 Tool formation 50 Organizational Set of officers elected; 50

50 , 40 structure organizational structure in place/

50 , 40 complete; clear/defined roles and

100 , responsibilities 100 , CBL Written and approved CBL; 100 , understood by the majority of 100 , members

100 Registration Registration with any registering 100 body 100 Accreditation at SB resolution of accreditation 100 the local level 100

100 Membership to Member in at least 1 Local Special

100 local groups/ Body / group / council

100 councils

50 VMG Formulated VMG 50

50 , 40 Conduct of Monthly meetings conducted;

50 , 40 meetings knowledge and skill in facilitating

100 , meetings

100 , Organizational Policies developed and approved K policies by the GA; organizational policies Y 50 implemented 50 100

M Conflict Knowledge and skill in resolving C 100 management organizational conflict

100 Trainings At least 50% of active members 100 attended/ have attended seminars and 100 participated forum; all officers trained on 100 leadership and organizational 100 management; training on laws 100 and rights; training on mangrove

50 ecology; training on national

50 policies re FLAs, greenbelts, and 50 , 40

50 , 40 sustainable CRM Projects/ Knowledge and skill in program 50 programs management; Training in 50 managed livelihood; PO managing 50 programs/projects 50

100 Membership At least 20 members/ PO;

100 membership expansion

100 Linkage Linkage established with DENR,

100 established BFAR or the LGU

100 Negotiations Knowledge and skills in doing 100 done/conducted negotiations 100

100 Organizational Payment of regular dues/fees; funds CBU system in place 50

50 CBFMA Orientation on CBMFA done; 50 , 40 CBFMA papers submitted and 50 , 40 CBFMA approved

75 Level of Barangay based; primary or 75

75 , 66 organizational federation

75 , 66 formation 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 59 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 6. List of contributors and amount contributed certified by the Treasurer 50

7. For Foundation, notarized Certificate of Bank Deposit amounting to 50

at least P1,000,000.00 as initial capital contribution, and Modus 100

Operandi or Mode of Operation executed under oath setting forth 100 the mode of its operation, source of its funds, the proposed appli- 100 cation of said funds, and the prospective beneficiaries of grants or 100 100 endowments 100

8. Registration Data Sheet 100 b. List of DOLE Registration Requirements 100 75 , 66 Box 17. 75 , 66 Guide to CBL A. Craft the Vision, Mission and Goal of the Organization 75 formulation B. Formulate the Constitution and By-Laws of the Organization using the following outline 75

Preamble 50 , 40 50 , 40 Article I. Name and address of the organization 50

- What is the name of the organization? 50

- What is the official address of the organization? 100

Article II. Organizational structure 100 - What are the positions in your organization? 100

- Draw the organizational structure from the highest decision making body to 100

the committee level (if there is any) 100

Article III. Membership 100 - What are your criteria for membership, i.e. who can become members of the 100 100 organization? C M 50 - Describe the process of becoming a member. - Is their limit as to number of members? 50 50 Y

- What is the form of membership? HH or individual? K - What are the characteristics of a member in good standing/a good member? 50

Article IV. Rights and responsibilities of members 50 , 40 50 , 40 - What are the rights of a member? 50

- What are the responsibilities of a member? 50

Article V. Officers and their responsibilities 100

- Who are the officers of the organization? (from highest to lowest) 100 - List down the responsibilities of each officer 100 Article VI. Committees and their responsibilities 100 100 - What are the committees in your organization? - List down the responsibilities of each committee 100 100

Article VII. Meetings 100

- When is your regular meeting? 50

- Where is the meeting held? 50 - What time is the meeting? - When can you declare a quorum? 100 , - How often is your general assembly? 100 , - When is it held? 50 , 40 50 , 40 Article VIII. Election and terms of office 50 - What is the term of office of the officers? Board of Directors? Committee? 50 - When is election held? 100

- Describe the process of conducting the election 100 100 Article IX. Membership expulsion and suspension - When do you expel/suspend a member from the organization? What are the 100 100 grounds for expulsion/suspension? 100

Article X. Effectivity 100

- When does this constitution and by-laws take effect? 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 60 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 All documents for DOLE Registration shall be certified under oath by 100

100 the Secretary or Treasurer as the case may be and attested to by the PO

100 President. 100 1. Names of the association’s officers and their respective addresses 50

50 2. Minutes of the organizational meeting/s 50 , 40 3. List of members who participated in the organizational meeting/s 50 , 40 4. Annual financial reports, if the applicant association has been in ex- 100 ,

100 , istence for one year or more. Financial report is not required if ap-

100 , plicant association has been in existence for less than one year or has

100 , not collected any amount

100 5. Constitution and By-laws accompanied by the names and signatures

100 of ratifying members

100 6. Minutes of adoption or ratification of the constitution and by-laws 100 and date/s when ratification was made 100 7. Minutes of adoption or ratification is not required if it is done simul- 100 taneously with the organizational meeting and the same is reflected 100

100 in the minutes of the organizational meeting

50 POs updated their membership and sought accreditation at the munic- 50

50 , 40 ipal and provincial levels prior to CBFMA endorsement. The require- 50 , 40 ments for accreditation are: 100 , 100 ,

K MLGU accreditation PLGU accreditation Y 50

50 1. PO letter requesting MLGU accreditation 1. PO letter requesting PLGU accreditation 100

M 2. Barangay Endorsement 2. Municipal Endorsement C 100 3. PO Authorization Letter-authorizing 3. PO Authorization Letter-authorizing the

100 the PO Leader to sign and transact with PO Leader to sign and transact with SP in

100 Sangguniang Bayan (SB) in behalf of the behalf of the organization

100 organization. 4. Completed Application Form for PLGU

100 4. Completed Application Form for Accreditation

100 Accreditation 5. PO Profile

100 5. PO Profile • List of Officers • List of Officers • List of Members and Spouses 50

50 • List of Members and Spouses • CBL

50 , 40 • CBL 6. Photocopy of PO’s Certificate of 50 , 40 6. Photocopy of PO’s Certificate of Registration to any registering agency Registration to any registering agency 50 50

50 In some cases the Provincial LGUs only affirmed Municipal LGUs accredi- 50 tation. POs with existing funds may require an external audit to ensure that 100 financial records are in order. The forming and strengthening of POs are 100

100 implemented at the later part of Year 1 until Year 2. 100 4. Build capability of POs – Capacity building includes activities that im- 100

100 prove effectiveness of the organizations in Years 2-3. These activities in-

100 clude three broad approaches to enhance the ability of POs in achieving its

100 mission. 50

50 a. Conduct trainings and seminars. Three types of training are pro- 50 , 40 vided to the POs: 1) training aimed at enhancing awareness; 2) training 50 , 40 for increasing capacity in running and managing the organization; and

75 3) training to increase knowledge and skills in managing and protecting 75

75 , 66 the mangroves. 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 61 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 ● Cross visit and study tours – One effective means of enhancing POs 50

awareness is to take them to other areas with advanced mangrove 50

projects where PO to PO learning is demonstrated through direct in- 100

teraction. Choose sites that demonstrate the best management prac- 100 tices even if they are at more distant locations. The value for such 100 cross visits are the learnings gathered by the POs from the trip that 100 100 they can bring home to start up their own mangrove project and the 100

togetherness during the trip increased group cohesiveness (Fig 51). 100 100 Fig. 51. Lakbay Aral of ZSL PO 75 , 66 75 , 66 and LGU partners 75

to Bakhaw Park, 75 Kalibo, Aklan, 18 May 2009 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 C M 50 50 50 Y K

Box 18. Activity Time allotment 50 Training Design on Basic Registration of participants and Opening Activities 1 hour 50 , 40

• Morning praise 50 , 40 Leadership 50 • Singing of the National Anthem • Introduction of participants 50 • Expectations check/levelling off 100 • Training objectives 100 • Training schedule 100 100

Lecture 8 hours 100 • What are values? Kinds of values. Factors that affect values 100

• Maslow’s hierarchy of needs 100 • Man and Dignity 100

• Definition of a leader; leadership, important things to 50 consider in a leader, qualities of a good leader • Roles of a leader, characteristics of an effective leader, 50

authentic leadership in the Philippines 100 ,

• Motivation (principles, process of motivating people) 100 ,

• Jack Welch 7 Rules for Leaders 50 , 40

• Leadership styles 50 , 40 • Leadership skills 50 50

Role play/ Group Dynamics 3 hours and 30 minutes 100 • Demonstrating values 100

• Johari window 100 • Differentiating a “Boss” from a “Leader” 100

• Building a Tower 100

Break time (snacks and lunch) 3 hours (2 hours/ day 100

@1 hr during lunch and 100

15 min/ snack 100

Evaluation/ Closing 30 minutes 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 62 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100

100 Box 19. Activity Time Allotment

100 Training Design Registration of participants and Opening Activities 1 hour 30 minutes

100 on Leadership • Morning praise 100 Skills • Singing of the National Anthem

50 • Introduction of participants 50

50 , 40 • Expectations check/levelling off

50 , 40 • Training objectives • Training schedule 100 ,

100 , Lecture 6 hours 30 minutes

100 , • Facilitating meetings

100 , • Agenda setting • Taking minutes of meetings 100 • The 2-way communication process 100 • Barriers to communication 100 • Dos and Don'ts of effective communication 100 • Conditions which hinder effective communication 100 • Skills to increase clarity of communication 100 • Effective listening skills 100 • Stages of problem solving 100 • Decision making procedure

50 • Teamwork and cooperation 50

50 , 40 Group dynamics/ role play 4 hours and 30 minutes 50 , 40 • Facilitating meetings

100 , • Rumour Mongering

100 , • Laying off

K • Broken squares Y 50

50 Break time 3 hours (2 hours/ day @1 hr 100

M during lunch and 15 min/ snack C 100 Evaluation/ Closing 30 minutes 100 100

100 FIG. 52. ● Leadership training –

100 Leaders of PO leaders are trained to

100 Bgy. Pedada equip them with the skills 100 Fisherfolk to improve working rela-

50 Association in tionship between mem- 50 team building 50 , 40 exercise during bers and outside groups, 50 , 40 Leadership develop the PO, and im-

50 Training, Pedada, prove organizational cul-

50 Ajuy, 25 July ture. Leadership train-

50 2009. ing have four levels: (1) 50 Basic Leadership train- 100

100 ing, where functions and

100 roles of a leader, leader-

100 ship principles, and qualities of an effective leader are illustrated and

100 discussed (Box 18), (2) Leadership Skills training, where facilitating 100 meetings, taking minutes, making decisions, and solving problems 100 are demonstrated through role playing (Box 19) (Fig 52), (3) Em- 100 powering Dispute Resolution Management (EDRMP) which is an 50

50 advanced skills training for leaders that focuses on managing organi- 50 , 40 zational conflict and conducting principled negotiation (Box 20), and 50 , 40 (4) Financial Management training with emphasis on simple book-

75 keeping (Box 21) and financial systems installation. 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 63 25 25

BOx 20. 50 , 40

Activity Time Allotment 50 , 40 Training Design 50

on Empowering Registration of participants and Opening Activities 1 hour 50

Dispute • Morning praise 100 • Singing of the National Anthem Resolution and 100

Management • Introduction of participants 100 • Expectations check/levelling off • Training objectives 100 100 • Training schedule 100

Lecture 10 hours and 30 100

Nature and Dynamics of Conflicts minutes 100

• Session 1: Group Sharing on Common Types of Conflicts and 75 , 66 Approaches to their Resolution 75 , 66 • Session 2: Conflicts Defined, Circle of Conflict (CC), and 75

Sources of Power 75 • Session 3: CC – Conflict Resolution (CR) Continuum Framework 50 , 40

Effective Communication and Conflict Management 50 , 40 • Session 4: Key Effective Communication Skills (Active Listening 50 and Probing, and Paraphrasing) 50 • Session 5: Positional Bargaining vs. Principles Negotiation 100 Consensual Approaches to Conflict Resolution 100 • Session 6: Arbitration vs. Mediation 100 • Session 7: Mediation 100 100

Laboratories 8 hours 100

• Session 8: Laboratory on Principled Negotiation 100 • Session 9: Laboratory on Mediation 100 C M Break time 3 hours (2 hours/ day 50

@1 hr during lunch and 50 50 15 min/ snack Y K 50 Evaluation/ Closing 30 minutes 50 , 40

BOx 21: 50 , 40 Activity Time 50 Training design allotment on Simple 50 Bookkeeping Registration of participants and Opening Activities 1 hour 100

• Morning praise 100

• Singing of the National Anthem 100

• Introduction of participants 100

• Training objectives 100

• Training schedule 100 Review and assessment of existing financial practices 1 hour 100 100

Formulation of financial policies 3 hours 50

• Who are the signatories during withdrawal? 50 • Who approves cash advances? • What are allowable items for cash advances? 100 ,

• Are there forms available for cash advances? 100 , • When are cash advances liquidated? How many days after the activity? 50 , 40 50 , 40

• Who approves liquidations? 50 • What are the penalties for not submitting liquidations on specified time? 50 • How much petty cash should be maintained? Who maintains petty cash? 100 • How much expense can be paid by the petty cash? • During official travel, what are the allowable rates for meals and 100 transportation? 100 • Who submits financial reports? 100 100

Actual financial installation 2 hours and 100

15 minutes 100

Break time (snacks and lunch) 15 minutes 100

Evaluation/ Closing 30 minutes 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 64 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 ● Technical hands-on training – POs underwent technical training to 100

100 equip them with the basic knowledge on the uses and importance

100 of mangroves, identification of species, nursery establishment, out-

100 planting, and care and maintenance (Box 22) (Fig 53). In the sites,

50 Local Monitoring Teams (LMTs) are organized and trained (Box 23) 50

50 , 40 to assist the project’s Marine Biologist. The LMTs later monitored the

50 , 40 sites themselves, interpreted and used the data in making decisions

100 , related to mangrove rehabilitation (Fig 54). Work of the LMT is vol- 100 , untary in nature. 100 ,

100 , Some PO members are trained and deputized by the DENR as man-

100 grove forest guards (Bantay Gubat or BG) (Box 24) to protect the

100 mangrove areas and enforce laws related to mangroves and environ-

100 mental laws (Fig 55). The PO/ BLGU selects among the qualified and 100 willing leaders who will be trained. The POs comply with the list of 100 requirements to qualify as deputized BGs, to wit: 100 • Letter of endorsement from the organization head/ employer or 100

100 Barangay Clearance signed by the Barangay Captain 50

50 BOx 22: Activity Time Allotment 50 , 40 Training Design 50 , 40 on Mangrove Registration of participants and Opening Activities 1 hour 100 , Ecology and • Morning praise 100 , Taxonomy • Singing of the National Anthem K • Introduction of participants Y 50 • Expectations check/levelling off 50 • Training objectives 100 M • Training schedule C 100

100 Lecture 8 hours

100 Mangrove Biology/ Ecology

100 • Understanding the Coastal and Marine Ecosystems

100 • Discussion on Mangrove biology/ecology

100 - Environmental factors, coping mechanisms,

100 - Different mangrove species (leaves, fruits, flowers, roots)

50 - Mangrove community

50 - Uses of mangroves 50 , 40 - Mangrove species (Philippines vs. Asia) 50 , 40 • Institutional Factors/problems affecting mangroves • Causes of loss of mangrove forests 50

50 Mangrove Nursery

50 • Discussion on mangrove nursery establishment

50 • Technology of mangrove nursery establishment

100 - Planting

100 - Propagule/ seedling collection

100 - Monitoring

100 - Care and maintenance

100 • Recommendations for greenbelt establishment

100 Practical Exercises 3 hours and 30 minutes 100 • Identification of different mangrove species (leaves, fruits, 100 flowers, roots)

50 • Bagging of wildings at the nursery site 50

50 , 40 Break time 3 hours (2 hours/ day 50 , 40 @1 hr during lunch and 15 min/ snack 75

75 Evaluation/ Closing 30 minutes 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 65 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 BOx 23. Local 50

Monitoring Local monitoring teams (LMTs) were established in each site to regularly check the 50

Team hands-on planted mangroves for its growth, survival, and significant changes. The monitoring 100 team is composed of at least four members.

training 100

Steps in the establishment of the local monitoring teams: 100 100

1. Identify PO members who will compose the LMT (PO leaders or ZSL staff identify/ 100

pinpoint members) 100 100 2. Orient LMT members with the data to be gathered: height of plant, number of leaves, 100 total count inside the monitoring quadrats, and remarks/notes 75 , 66

3. Explain to LMT members the importance of each parameter to be recorded. The 75 , 66 height and number of leaves are used for growth monitoring while total count 75 represents survival. Remarks and notes are useful as supplementary information. 75 50 , 40 a. Height. Height of planted seedlings is taken from ground level up to the highest 50 , 40 node of the plant. For seedlings that are branched, look for the tallest branch for 50

height measurement; for seedlings that have dead upper portion or branches, 50

measure only the living portion of the plant; for cluster/tagged planting, measure 100

only the tagged seedling. 100 100 b. Number of leaves. Count the total number of green leaves only 100

c. Remarks/notes. Write observations such as broken stems of plants, accumulation 100 of barnacles, and/or presence of algae, plastic, debris on plants which can affect 100 the growth and survival of planted seedlings. Observations gathered during 100 100 monitoring sessions will serve as basis of activities to be conducted like clean-ups C M or replacement plantings. 50 50 50 4. Familiarize the LMT members to the data sheets (monitoring templates) to be used Y K

and all information to be recorded. 50

5. Conduct an on-site trial session. Show the location of plants to be monitored or the 50 , 40 50 , 40

quadrats established. Remind LMT members of the details mentioned above before 50 they monitor. 50

6. Gather all data sheets. Show LMT members how the data are processed and 100

presented. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100

Fig. 53. Hands-on training on Mangrove Ecology Fig. 54. Marine Biologist of ZSL trains a Local 100 and Taxonomy for members of New Balaring Monitoring Team member in counting leaves and 100

Mangrove Association (NewBAMA) in Balaring, measuring height for growth and survival of 18 100 Ivisan, Capiz, 4 June 2009. mo-old Avicennia marina in the greenbelt area of 100

Balaring, Ivisan, Capiz, 13 Nov. 2010. 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 66 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 • Bio-data with ID picture 100

100 • Certificate of Good Moral Character from the Barangay Chairman,

100 Parish Priest or Minister where the applicant resides

100 • Police Clearance (2 X 2 ID required) 50

50 • Sworn Statement that 50 , 40 Fig. 55. Role the applicant is willing 50 , 40 playing during to perform the func- 100 , Bantay Gubat

100 , training for tions of DENRO with-

100 , PO leaders of out compensation

100 , NewBAMA, • ID Picture – 1.5 X 1.5 Buntod

100 • Medical Certificate

100 Katibyugan, BPFA and LGU As soon as the list of re- 100

100 Leganes staff in quirements is compiled Pedada, Ajuy, 100 the chronological steps

100 19 Aug. 2011. below in deputation are

100 followed: 100

50 BOx 24.

50 Topic/Activities Time allotment

50 , 40 Training design

50 , 40 for mangrove Opening Program 1 hour Expectation Settings 100 , community

100 , forest guards House rules

K Pre-test Y 50 Module 1: DENR Mission, Vision, Thrusts and Mandates, 1 hour 50 Philippine Situation on ENR and Environmental Challenges 100 M C 100 Climate Change 2 hours 100 Module 2: Department Administrative Order (DAO) No. 2008–22: 3 hours 100 Revised Guidelines on the Deputation of Environment and Natural 100 Resources Officers (ENROs) 100 • Performance Evaluation of DENROs/SDENROs 100 • Revocation/Termination of the Deputation Order 100 • Renewal of Deputation Orders for DENROs/SDENROs 50

50 Module 3: Environment and Natural Resources (ENR) Law Enforcement 8 hours 50 , 40 Constitutional Mandate 50 , 40 • Philippine Environmental Laws and Jurisprudence • Forestry sector 50 • Environmental sector 50 • Protected areas, wildlife and coastal zone management 50 • Lands sector 50 • Mines sector 100

100 Module 4: Paralegal Procedures 4 hours

100 • Conducting Surveillance

100 • Preparation of the Investigation

100 • Workshop: Writing an Investigation Report

100 • Preparation and Filing of Cases in Court

100 • Simulation exercises

100 Post Test 30 minutes 50 Break time 3 hours (1 hour/ 50

50 , 40 day during lunch) 50 , 40 Synthesis 1 hour 30

75 Post Course minutes

75 Closing Program 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 80 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 67 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 1. Request LCE/CENRO authorized Representative to sign a Sworn 50

Statement (stating that the applicant is willing to perform the 50

functions of DENRO without compensation) 100

2. Submit papers/documents to CENRO for checking/validation 100 3. CENRO endorses the papers to PENRO 100 4. PENRO endorses the papers to RED 100 100 5. RED gets clearance from DENR Secretary to deputize BG and veri- 100

fies if the applicant has undergone training through reports sub- 100

mitted by the DENR Regional office that conducted the training 100

6. RED signs paper of deputation and issues ID 75 , 66 75 , 66 The POs and LGU partners are given a training on Sustainable Coast- 75

al Resource Management (SCRM) to prepare them for the eventual 75

development of the CRM Plan (Box 25). The CRM plan is the venue 50 , 40

where the POs’ agenda on mangroves are mainstreamed in the LGU 50 , 40 50 agenda and has a good chance of being implemented and budgeted in 50

the succeeding years (Fig 56). 100

b. Mobilize and engage communities. Mobilization is the act of as- 100 100 sembling the community together to prepare for a specific collective ac- 100

tion or movement with available logistical support. When communities 100

are engaged and have been successful in mobilization, the activity be- 100 comes empowering for the people. 100 100 C M 50

BOx 25. Activity Time Allotment 50 50 Training Design Y K

on Sustainable Registration of participants and Opening Activities 1 hour 30 minutes 50 Coastal • Morning praise 50 , 40 Resource • Singing of the National Anthem 50 , 40 Management • Introduction of participants 50 • Expectations check/levelling off 50

• Training objectives 100 • Training schedule 100

Lecture 12 hours 100

• Coastal and Marine Ecosystems 100

• CRM Related Laws and Policies: FAOs, AOs, EOs, RA 100

8550, PD 705, EOs on Mangroves 100

• Organizing Communities 100

• Information, Education and Communication 100

• CRM Plan 50

• Coastal Zoning 50 • Fisheries/Habitat Management • Shoreline Management 100 , • Coastal Tourism 100 , • Livelihoods and Enterprise Development 50 , 40 50 , 40

• Legal Arrangement and Institutional Development 50 • Health and Sanitation in the Coastal Areas 50

Workshops 2 hours and 30 minutes 100

• PO organizing experience 100

• Planning per site on the conduct of CRM Planning 100

• Coastal zoning 100 Field Visit, Discussion and sharing 4 hours 100 100

Break time 3 hours (1 hour/ day during lunch) 100

Evaluation/ Closing 1 hour 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 68 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 Fig. 56. 100

100 Fisherfolk leaders, municipal and 100

100 barangay officials, Philippine 50 Coast Guard, 50

50 , 40 DENR and BFAR 50 , 40 representatives 100 , discuss coastal 100 , zoning during the 100 , CRM planning 100 , workshop of Ivisan,

100 Capiz, April 2011. 100 100 100 100

100 Community mobilization work includes planting and maintaining man- 100 groves, establishing and maintaining nurseries, formulating policies, 100 reporting to LGU and the registering agency e.g. DOLE requires sub- 50

50 mission of a yearly accomplishment report, sourcing funds internally or 50 , 40 externally, participating in seminars and forum, and conducting advo- 50 , 40 cacy and education campaigns. Consensus to do on-site planting and 100 ,

100 , maintenance activities are organized by the COs with the communities

K where dates, time, number of participating planters (from the POs and Y 50 volunteer groups), logistic and materials/ equipment needed are dis- 50

100 cussed, agreed and prepared. When participation is needed for training M C 100 and seminars, identification of attendees is decided by group consensus

100 with the PO decision strictly followed even in the presence of political in- 100 tervention that attempts to bend it. Steps in identifying PO participants: 100 ● Include in PO meeting agenda the invitation for training/ seminar 100 ● Assess who among the officers and members is appropriate to attend 100

100 the activity based on capacity and availability

50 ● Calculate the travel and food expenses to be incurred

50 ● Request a cash advance from the PO 50 , 40

50 , 40 Require the participant to report back to the organization the highlights

50 of activities attended. 50 Advocacy- and education-related activities conducted by ZSL-CMRP 50

50 included interactive painting and drawing contest for children. ZSL-

100 Fig. 57. Students CMRP also celebrated 100 of Nva. Valencia major events in part- 100 National High nership with the BFAR, 100 School watch DENR and LGU e.g. fi- 100 educational films 100 on mangroves, esta celebrations, Fish

100 forests and climate Conservation Week 100 change in the where simultaneous

50 covered gym as planting was done in

50 part of the IYOF 50 , 40 October 2009 and In- celebration, Nva. 50 , 40 Valencia, Guimaras, ternational Year of the Forest in September 75 19 Sept. 2011.

75 2011 where films were 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 82 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 69 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Fig. 58. PO shown to students (Fig 50

members of Buntod 57) in addition to activ- 50

Katibyugan and ity launching in a mall 100

staff of LGU Panay in Iloilo City. Commu- 100

install billboard 100 nities tagged the trees

of the mangrove 100 at the eco-park and set project in Buntod, 100 up signage at strategic Panay, Capiz, 16 100

April 2011. places e.g. billboards 100

and tarpaulins bear- 100

ing project information 75 , 66

(Fig 58). POs major ad- 75 , 66 75 vocacy and education 75 Fig. 59. work included facilitat- Grade school pupils ing cross visits of other 50 , 40 50 , 40 from Ibajay record POs, LGUs, students 50 observations (Fig 59) and teachers, 50

during study visit 100 to Katunggan It NGOs, tour operators and foreigners in ZSL- 100 Ibajay Eco-park for 100 the Science Month CMRP sites, particular- 100

celebration, 29 ly in Ibajay. POs mobi- 100 Sept. 2010. lized internal resources 100 by collecting monthly 100 100 dues and membership C M 50 fees. 50 50 Y

c. Implement livelihood enhancement projects. POs implement K income-generating projects using mangrove as the base resource to 50

augment income. Such activities must be legal, environmentally sensi- 50 , 40 50 , 40 tive, and socially and economically appropriate for the communities. 50

The ZSL-CMRP PO livelihoods experiences include managing an eco- 50

park (Fig 60) and the milkfish cage culture (Fig 61). The former was 100

implemented in two economic cycles (1 cycle = 1 year operation) while 100 the latter was implemented in one cycle (1 cycle = 1 culture period). 100 100

The process of develop- 100 Fig. 60. Ibajay

ing income-generating 100 Mayor and ZSL scientist with projects includes proj- 100 LGU and DENR ect identification (see 100 representatives below), proposal pack- 50 during the aging, preparing (Box 50

Katunggan It Ibajay 26) and formulating 100 ,

Eco-park launching, 100 , business plans (Appen-

Bugtongbato, 50 , 40 Ibajay, Aklan, 19 dix 5), capacity build- 50 , 40 Jan. 2010. ing (Box 27), actual 50 implementation and 50 monitoring, and evalu- 100 ating project outcomes. 100 100

Project identification process: 100 1. Conduct inventory of existing livelihoods in the area 100 100

2. Scan environment for locally available materials 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 70 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 BOx 26. Steps 100 After the feasibility study for an ecotourism business (e.g. mangrove ecoparks) is done,

100 in Preparing a Business the community then decides whether to pursue the business and invest their time and 100 finances. If so, the preparation of a business plan is next.

100 Plan for a Community- A business plan outlines the course of action for the business to follow, describes the 50 based goals and strategies of the business, and presents situation and resources to strategize 50

50 , 40 Mangrove how to market the business. Once the business starts, the plan will be used to convey 50 , 40 Ecotourism Park the business’ operations and goals to community members.

100 , Steps in preparing a business plan. 100 , 1. Make an executive summary, highlighting the business 100 , 2. Create a marketing plan to include product description, competition analysis 100 , (identification of major competitors for target market; comparison of business’

100 strengths and weaknesses versus theirs), business location, market area, target clients

100 (expected market size, number of clients, etc), promotional measures (activities used

100 to sell the product to overcome competition challenges).

100 3. Compose an operations plan, detailing the daily functioning of the business to include

100 production process, fixed capital, repair and maintenance plan with labor and cost. 100 4. Construct an organization and management plan, explaining the overview of the 100 business structure with identified persons in key positions and descriptions of their 100 backgrounds especially relevant to the proposed business and the pre-operating

50 expenses. 50

50 , 40 5. Develop a financial plan with capital requirements, and projected financial data and a

50 , 40 profit and loss statement of the business.

100 , 6. Form monitoring and evaluation criteria to monitor success and method of monitoring

100 , the business.

K 7. Include other additional information that reinforces the business plan conclusions. Y 50 50 100 M C 100 3. List initially identified livelihood enhancement projects based on PO

100 skill and available resources 100 4. Assess environmental impact of livelihood enhancement projects 100 5. Conduct pair-wise ranking to come up with the a short list of priority 100 projects 100

100 6. Calculate start-up project cost

50 7. Develop plan to include fund sourcing (e.g. contribution from mem-

50 bers, proposal making, assistance from the LGU, etc). 50 , 40

50 , 40 To measure whether an income generating project is viable and can sig-

50 nificantly effect increase in household income it has to be implemented

50 in at least three economic cycles. 50

50 The KII ecopark is on Fig. 61. 100 its 2.5 years of opera-

100 KAMAMADO PO members tion since launching in 100 selectively harvest January 2010 and an 100 milkfish from initial assessment on the 100 cages, Basyaw

100 effect of income to 39 Cove, Dolores, Nva.

100 households in Bugtong- Valencia, Guimaras, 100 3 Aug. 2011. bato and Naisud who

50 are directly involved in 50

50 , 40 managing the ecopark

50 , 40 was conducted. The study showed a 17-20% 75

75 increase in income (Box 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 71 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 BOx 27. 50 (KII is managed by two People’s Organizations from the two adjoining Barangays of PO Capacity- 50 Bugtongbato and Naisud, Ibajay, Aklan). Below are the Capacity-Building Activities/ Building in 100 Training that the PO leaders attended.

Operating KII 100

1. Project Management Orientations 10. Financial On-the-Job Coaching (OJC) 100

2. Conduct of Mangrove Ecology Training 11. Conduct of Interpretative Tour Guiding 100

(MET) 12. Script Practice 100

3. Visit Other Areas thru “Lakbay Aral” 13. Creation of Maintenance Committee 100

4. Facilitate Registration 14. Suggestions/Visit of Tourism Experts 100

5. Process Accreditation with LGU 15. Facilitate Bureau of Internal Revenue 100 6. Apply CBFMA with DENR (BIR) Registration 75 , 66 7. Leadership Training 16. Attendance to METB Meetings 75 , 66 8. Creation of Project Management 17. Training for “Bantay Gubat” 75 Committee (PMC) 18. Assistance of Business Manager from 75

9. Regular Monthly Meeting of PMC and LGU 50 , 40 POs

19. Financial and Visitors Updating 50 , 40 50 50

28) from both sites. The data used for monitoring this change in income 100

are the visitor’s arrival (Box 29) and income generated from entrance 100 fees (Box 30). 100 100

Household income increased for Bugtongbato Fisherfolk Association 100

(BFA) from P8,855.00 (2009) to P10,600.00 (2011). Naisud Mangrove 100 Aquatic Organization (NAMAO) members income of P6,061.00 (2009) 100 100 C M increased to P7,076.00 (2011) (Box 28). 50

Visitors numbers peak in September each year as students visit KII to 50 50 Y

celebrate Science Month. Ninety eight percent (98%) of all visitors to KII K 50 were domestic tourists with a quarter visiting for educational purposes (Box 29). 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 The trend in ecopark income is increasing every year starting in 2010 50

indicating the potential of KII as an alternative tour destination (Box 100

30). 100 100 Resource-based projects must satisfy a certain set of requirements and 100

consider its effects on the environment to be ecologically sound as in the 100

case of the KAMAMADO milkfish cage culture project (Box 31). 100 100

5. Secure tenure and sustain community initiatives. Mangroves need 100

long-term manage- 50 50 BOx 28. Graph 18,000 ment, hence, a tenur-

showing change ial instrument for a 100 , 16,000 2009 in income of 2011 minimum of 25 years 100 , POs directly 14,000 has to be in place to 50 , 40

involved in 50 , 40 12,000 sustain community 50 managing the 10.600 activities. Mangrove 50 KII ecopark, 10,000 8.855 100 7.076 areas are classified as Ibajay, Aklan. 8,000 6.061 public lands, there- 100 6,000 fore, these are open 100 100 4,000

access and vulner- 100 Mean Monthly HH Income (PhP)

2,000 able to human abuse. 100

The tenurial instru- 100 – Bugtongbato Naisud ment awarded by 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 85 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 72 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 BOx 29. Data on visitors arrival in KII ecopark, Box 30. Trends in KII ecopark income from 2010- 100

100 Ibajay, Aklan from 2010-2012. 2012, Ibajay, Aklan.

100 1600

100 1400 80,000 75,640 50 1200 70,000

50 60,285

50 , 40 1000 60,000

50 , 40 48,240 800 50,000

100 , 600 40,000 100 ,

No. of visitors 30,000

400 Income (PhP)

100 , 20,000 200 100 , 10,000 0 – 100 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 2010 2011 2012 100 2010 2011 2012 Year 100 100

100 DENR to communities in the mangrove areas is the CBFMA. The CBFMA 100 grants the community authority to manage a public land. This gives them a 100

100 sense of ownership to protect, manage and sustainably utilize the area. At

50 the end of the mangrove project, the communities have invested long term-

50 stewardship on their local environment. Thus, the CBFMA complements 50 , 40

50 , 40 the years of POs’ existence while allowing mangroves to full maturity. It is

100 , by sustaining mangroves that food security, coastal erosion protection, and

100 , other benefits are assured for communities. This organizing step is imple- K mented from Year 2-4. Y 50

50 a. Award CBFMA to POs. The process of awarding CBFMA to the POs 100 M C 100 followed an arduous path.(Box 32). The POs formulated the 25 years

100 Community Resource Management Framework (CRMF) (Box 33, Ap-

100 pendix 6) and the Annual Work Plan (AWP) (Appendix 7). The CBFMA

100 timeline established during the ZSL- CMRP was more or less 3 years on 100 average (Box 34). ZSL’s linkage with the DENR - the agency responsible 100 for awarding the CBFMA - should be intensified for the former to pro- 100 vide the necessary mentoring to the POs until the yearly review of CRMF 50

50 and AWP are institutionalized at their level. In processing the CBFMA, 50 , 40 ZSL modified some of the DENR formats to suit the POs situation and 50 , 40 give them ownership within the process. 50

50 b. Mainstream mangrove agenda with the LGU. A mechanism to

50 mainstream the PO mangrove agenda is to find its way into the LGU

50 development plan like the 3-5 years short to medium-term Coastal and 100 Resource Management (CRM) Plan (Box 35). The CRM Plan (Appendix 100 8) guides the LGU in identifying the appropriate interventions based on 100

100 community situation from data gathered (Fig 62), prioritizing project

100 implementation corresponding to the limited budget allocation, passing

100 policies regulating the use of fisheries and coastal/ marine resources in-

100 cluding mangroves and guiding key stakeholders for conducting capac- 100 ity building needs. LGUs legislated and adopted during the 4th year of 50 the ZSL-CMRP five CRM plans. A multi-stakeholder participation was 50 50 , 40 ensured during CRM Planning with the BFAR, DENR, academe, Philip- 50 , 40 pine National Police (PNP), Philippine Coast Guard (PCG), NGOs (e.g.

75 Iloilo Code of NGOs, John B. Lacson Foundation), Fisheries and Aquatic 75

75 , 66 Resource Management Council (FARMC) members, LGUs (village and 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 86 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 73 25 25 50 , 40 BOx 31: Milkfish cage culture case summary (First Run) 50 , 40 50

The implementation of KAMAMADO’s milkfish (ban- current rate. This was contrary to the recommen- 50

gus) cage culture project aimed to augment income dation of Dr. Gil Jacinto of UP-MSI to place the 100

of members through rearing of milkfish in Basyaw cage in deeper and clearer water. 100

Cove. Funds amounting to PhP150,000.00 came • Sludge clung to the net (deployed prior to stock- 100

from the municipal government of Nva. Valencia. ing) instead of algae thus contributing to low DO. 100

The full amount was granted to KAMAMADO in • Fish were trapped in between the double netting 100

November 2010. Training of 10 members was con- (supposed to prevent escape of fingerlings). 100 ducted 25 February 2011 at SEAFDEC-Igang Marine • Mortalities were replaced by fingerlings that were 100

Station. Construction of the cage facility took place smaller in size making feed calculation difficult. 100 thereafter. KAMAMADO members stocked 3,120 fin- gerlings (sourced from Igang) in a 5x5x3 m cage on • No written policy on collection of sales from mem- 75 , 66

bers who were allowed to sell the fish harvested 75 , 66

16 March 2011. 75 and incentive/ sharing of harvest.

Heavy mortality occurred two weeks after stocking. 75 • Members were allotted PhP 12,000.00 as incen- Samples were analyzed at the Fish Health Section of tive even if losses were experienced. 50 , 40 SEAFDEC in Tigbauan, Iloilo. The mortality was due to

• KAMAMADO intends to set up the next run with- 50 , 40 the presence of parasites (protozoan) on the gills of 50 out listening to the suggestion of ZSL of relocating

weakened fish. These microorganisms proliferate in 50 cages near the cove’s mouth where area is deep-

areas with slow water current. Traces of mud were 100 present on the external part of the body. The recom- er/ faster current flow. • Engagement with SEAFDEC did not materialize. 100

mendations were frequent changing of nets, 50ppm 100 formalin bath for 30 minutes with strong aeration, Lessons Learned 100

ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) supplementation mixed in • Suspend the second cropping cycle and look for 100 feed with squid oil, cod liver oil or egg white, OTC alternative sites (mouth of the cove) with at least 100 (Oxytetracycline) antibiotic 50-mg per kilo of feed 6-meters depth and moderate water current. 100 mixed and given for 5-7 days, reduce feeding ration 100 • Start the production at the onset of the Northeast C M from 8 kilos to 5 kilos per day, transfer cage to al- 50 Monsoon (amihan). ternative site with sufficient water current and away from ponds where excessive runoff of mud occurs • If KAMAMADO plans to push through with a sec- 50 50 ond run in the same site, corrective measures Y during rainy season. Due to high mortality, 516 piec- K es of bangus fingerlings were replaced by the sup- should be applied as follows: 50

plier on 2 May 2011. 1. Cost cutting of food allowance given to mem- 50 , 40 ber caretakers 50 , 40

The culture period was 157 days or 5 months and 7 50 days. Weight at harvest was 250-300 grams per piece 2. Review feeding scheme 50 (3-4 pieces:1 kilo). Three batches of harvest were 3. Change of net every week should be manda- 100 done with a total of 663 kilos. The fish were sold lo- tory cally for PhP120.00 per kilo. 4. Use single net instead of double net 100 5. Caretakers must be vigilant re unusual move- 100 Financial analysis ment of fish – immediately report observa- 100 Sales (633 kilos x PhP 120.00/ kilo) 75, 960.00 tions to the management 100 Less: Operating expenses 77,259.00 6. Members who have not undergone training 100 (fingerlings, feeds, maintenance, should render duty with a trained partner 100 Transportation, supplies, materials, etc) 7. Marketing should be wholesale even if price 100 Net income (loss) (1,299.00) is lower; at present P24,000.00 of total sales 50 Return on Investment (ROI) -1.68% from the MF harvest in August remains uncol- 50

Problems Encountered and Observed lected 100 ,

• Heavy mortality was experienced two weeks af- 8. The site for the next run will be the same site 100 ,

ter stocking due to the lesions from stressed fish as the last experimental run 50 , 40

stocks. 9. Payment of fingerlings should be done 15 days 50 , 40 50 • High feed conversion ratio (average 2.56:1) and after stocking to cover stocking mortalities slow growth (average 1.49 grams/day) of the fish 10. Reduce number of stocks/bag during transport 50 (meaning most of the feeds consumed by the fish and delivery 100 are not efficiently converted to biomass) caused 11. Get Average Body Weight (ABW) of fish stock 100 by slow water current in shallow areas. It was rec- at start of culture as basis for calculating feed- 100 ommended to transfer the cage to a deeper area ing rate 100 with moderate water current. This was not fol- 12. Incentives should be based on net income 100 lowed by KAMAMADO. 13. The same set of beneficiaries will run the sec- 100 • Poor site selection since the cage was placed in- ond culture trial since they have experience 100 side the cove with 3.5-meter depth and slow water and to recover losses from the first run 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 87 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 74 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 BOx 32. Flow chart in processing CBFMA application based on ZSL-CMRP experience 100 100

100 CBFMA orientation PENRO approves map and NCIP conducts Field-Based 100 requests NCIP for Certificate of Investigation (FBI);

50 Non-Overlap issues CNO 50 50 , 40 Assessment of area 50 , 40 applied 100 ,

100 , SP endorsement PENRO endorses CBFMA application to RED 100 ,

100 , DENR furnishes list of requirements to PO 100 CENRO endorses 100 application letter to PENRO RED approves map 100 thru SP and endorses the 100 PO facilitates completion application to the DENR 100 of requirements Secretary 100

100 SB endorsement 100

50 Bgy LGU endorsement

50 Secretary approves 50 , 40 CBFMA Application 50 , 40 PO submits requirements

100 , together with letter of intent

100 , Community validation to apply for CBFMA to

K of CBFM map CENRO thru SB Y 50 DENR awards CBFMA to PO 50 100 M C 100 Box 33. CRMF Outline 100

100 The Community Resource Management Framework c.1 timber resources

100 (CRMF) was developed by the PO members and c.2 non-timber resources 100 other stakeholders with the supervision of the DENR. 3. Community challenges

100 The CRMF workshop was done in three days with the a. Known or perceived constraint to CBFM

100 following outline: implementation.

50 b. Assistance Required from DENR and/or other

50 Part I. Introduction Agencies. 50 , 40 A. Basic Information 50 , 40 Name and address of the People’s Organization Part III. Community Strategic Resources

50 (PO) Management Plan

50 Head of the PO 1. Vision, Mission

50 Registration (name of agency, registration number 2. Goals and Objectives

50 and date) a. Organizational and physical goals

100 Total number of members b. Organizational and physical objectives

100 Approved CBFMA (number and date of issuance, 3. The Community’s Envisioned Forest Land Use and

100 area covered, location, management) Resource Use

100 B. Background 4. Joint Community & DENR Assessment of B.1 BPFA as an organization Resources Usage/Extraction 100

100 B.2 CRMF and the Workshop Process 5. The Community’s Indicative Forest Management Strategies 100

100 Part II. Present situation 6. The Community’s Proposed Environmental & 1. The Community Socio-economic Impact Indicators 50 2. The CBFMA area a. Environmental 50

50 , 40 a. Location. b. Socio-economic

50 , 40 b. Present land uses & approximate vegetative 7. The Community’s Proposed Financing Strategy cover status and Accessible Resources/Funds 75 c. Known important resources on the area 8. The Community’s Proposed Marketing Strategies 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 88 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 75 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Box 34. Step Documents required Number Responsible 50

Example of of days person/s 50

CBFMA timeline 100 1. CBFMA orientation 1 DENR CENRO

based on the 100

ZSL-CMRP 2. Mapping/ Map of applied CBFM area, cadastral 75 days DENR CENRO 100

experience assessment of map, LC map 100

applied area 100

3. Secure list List of requirements for CBFM 1 PO leaders/ 100 of CBFMA application CO 100 requirements from 100

DENR 75 , 66 75 , 66

4. PO comply CBL 75 days PO leaders/ 75

with CBFMA Registration/ Accreditation certificate CO 75 requirements List of officers and members with their partners 50 , 40 50 , 40

Letter of intent 50

5. BLGU endorses Compiled requirements and BLGU 7days BLGU/PO 50

application to SB resolution endorsing CBFM application leaders 100

6. Community Draft CBFM map 5 days PO leaders, 100 validation DENR CENRO 100 100

7. Submission of Compiled requirements and 45 days SB, CO, PO 100

CBFMA application BLGU resolution endorsing CBFM leaders 100

to CENRO thru SB; application, draft CBFM map, BLGU 100 SB accreditation endorsement 100 C M and endorsement 50

8. Submission of MLGU and CENRO endorsement, 60 days SP, CO, PO 50 50 CBFMA application compiled requirements and leaders Y K

to the SP; SP BLGU resolution endorsing CBFM 50 accreditation and application, draft CBFM map 50 , 40 endorsement 50 , 40 50 9. PENRO approval of Draft CBFM map validated by 60 days DENR PENRO map community 50 100 10. PENRO request for/ MLGU and CENRO endorsement, 120 days NCIP, CO 100

CNO from NCIP compiled requirements and 100

BLGU resolution endorsing CBFM 100

application, approved CBFM map 100

11. PENRO submits SP, MLGU and CENRO endorsement, 7 days PENRO 100 CBFMA application compiled requirements and 100

to RED BLGU resolution endorsing CBFM 100 application, approved CBFM map, 50

NCIP CNO 50

12. RED approval/ PENRO, SP, MLGU and CENRO 30 days RED 100 ,

endorsement to endorsement, compiled requirements 100 ,

DENR secretary and BLGU resolution endorsing CBFM 50 , 40

application, approved CBFM map, 50 , 40 50 NCIP CNO 50

13. DENR secretary RED, PENRO, SP, MLGU and CENRO 90 days DENR 100

approval endorsement, compiled requirements secretary 100

and BLGU resolution endorsing CBFM 100 application, approved CBFM map, 100

NCIP CNO 100

14. Awarding of CBFMA Certificate of award 1 day RED 100 100 Total days 577 days 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 89 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 76 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 Box 35. Steps 100 1. Map coastal resources, uses, issues and 8. Assess management of MPAs

100 in CRM Plan formulation problems 9. Consolidate and compile socio- 100 2. Collect secondary data economic data 100 3. Train local researchers and collect 10. Conduct CRM planning workshop 50 socio-economic data 11. Draft CRM plan (presented during 50

50 , 40 4. Train local MENRO/MAO on MCS village consultations by cluster)

50 , 40 5. Conduct MCS 12. Finalize/ submit to SB for adoption/

100 , 6. Assess corals, fishes, sea grass beds legislation

100 , 7. Assess Coastal Law Enforcement Team 13. Implement CRM plan and its operation 100 , 100 ,

100 Fig. 62. municipal) and the coast-

100 Community al communities repre-

100 resource sented. The local legis- 100 mapping in lative council members

100 preparation

100 for the were present during the

100 comprehensive planning.

100 CRM Plan, Balaring, Ivisan, Policies in the ZSL sites 50 are in the form of Munici- 50 6 April 2011. 50 , 40 pal Fisheries Ordinance 50 , 40 (MFO) or Municipal 100 ,

100 , Fisheries Code (MFC).

K After the CRM Planning, Y 50 revising the existing poli- 50 cies was observed as a necessity for complementing and giving strength 100 M C 100 to the programs and projects identified in the plan and ensuring for a

100 sustainable utilization of the coastal and marine resources. Developing 100 the MFC, in the case of Ivisan, started with the coastal communities’ 100 consultation until it was passed by the local legislative council (Box 36). 100 The MFC highlighted zoning the coastal and marine areas and defin- 100 100 Box 36. 50 a. Barangay Level b. Municipal Level 50 Steps in Policy 50 , 40 Formulation 1. Consult community on issues that need 1. Conduct of community consultation to 50 , 40 to be addressed by policies identify issues

50 2. Review existing policies, resolutions and 2. Participatory review of existing policies

50 ordinances e.g. review of Municipal Fishery

50 3. Identify policy gaps Ordinance, Municipal Revenue/Tax

50 4. Prioritize policies that will have greater Code, other related laws/policies

100 impact on the issues faced by the 3. Identify policy gaps 100 community 4. Formulate policies thru a workshop

100 5. Formulate policies through workshop 5. Read title of policy during SB session 100 6. Present the draft policies during 6. Conduct public hearing 100 Barangay Council session 7. Final reading of policies by the 100 7. BC to conduct public hearing thru Sangguniang Bayan during session 100 general assembly 8. Approval of an ordinance or resolution 100 8. Final reading of the policies by the 9. Popularize policies through community 50 Barangay Council during the session feed backing, posting in conspicuous 50

50 , 40 9. Endorse policies to the Sangguniang places and publication in a local

50 , 40 Bayan members for adoption newspaper 10. Post approved policies in strategic places 10. Enforcement 75 11. Enforcement 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 90 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 77 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Box 37. ing the activities allowed and 50

Outline of List of Acronyms not allowed in the zones (Box 50

the Municipal Chapter 1: Background Information 37, Appendix 9). In Pedada, 100

Fisheries Code A. Vision, Mission and Objectives village policies were passed to 100

of Ivisan 100 B. The CRM Planning Process protect the birds and wildlife C. Site profile that exist in the area, to en- 100 100 Chapter 2: Development Problems, Issues, and hance communities’ roles and Concerns 100 responsibilities by requiring 100

Chapter 3: Management and Operations Plan residents to plant mangrove 100 A. Coastal Zoning prior to issuance of village li- 75 , 66 Zone 1. Mariculture Zone

censes, to regulate the harvest 75 , 66 Zone 2. Protection Zone 75 of fish and shellfish in man- Zone 3. Sustainable Eco-tourism Zone 75 Zone 4. Multiple-Use Zone groves and to conduct inten- Zone 5. Fishpond Zone sive study on the areas poten- 50 , 40 50 , 40 Zone 6. Stationary Fishing Gear Zone tial before mangrove planting 50

C. Fisheries Management (Appendix 10). These policies 50

D. Habitat Conservation and Protection 100 E. Shoreline Management were submitted to the LGU of Ajuy for adoption (Fig 63). 100 F. Coastal Tourism 100 G. Enterprise and Livelihood The LGU of Leganes passed 100

H. Waste Management the first mangrove ordinance 100 I. Legal Arrangement and Institutional to protect coastal areas from 100

Development 100 continuing erosion (Appendix 100 Appendices 11). In Ibajay, Municipal Ordi- C M 50 nance #92 Series of 2009 (Ap- 50 50 pendix 12) declared the 44.22 hectares of mangroves in Bugtongbato Y K

and Naisud as Eco-park after conducting Barangay consultations (Fig 50 64). 50 , 40 50 , 40 c. Maintain partnerships and linkage with LGUs and schools. 50

Maintaining the partnerships forged with LGUs and schools at the start 50

of the project was a challenge. During the 4th year of the ZSL-CMRP, a 100

mechanism was devised to ensure that LGUs and schools continue men- 100 toring and assisting the POs after the project’s life. The LGUs in the last 100 100

year were given more responsibilities in engaging the communities for 100

project sustainability. The Municipal Agriculture Officer (MAO) or the 100

Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer (MENRO) rep- 100

resenting the partner LGUs were present during the strategic planning 100 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100

Fig. 63. Policy development workshop with Fig. 64. Barangay Consultation to declare the 44.22 100 BFAR, DENR, NIPSC and LGU partners, Ajuy, hectares mangroves in Bugtongbato and Naisud as eco- 100

Iloilo, 27 January 2011 park, Bugtongbato, Ibajay, Aklan, 4 May 2009. 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 91 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 78 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 session designed for the POs. The LGU partners were generous in terms 100

100 of budgeting and providing financial counterpart as a result of the part-

100 nership arrangements and strong linkages (Box 38). Likewise, hierar-

100 chies of LGU governance and phasing were considered in partnering

50 with them to maximize contribution as in the case of Ibajay (http:// 50

50 , 40 coastalcura.ca/peopleinplaces2011.html). 50 , 40 The engagement with the schools was equally fulfilling in terms of plant- 100 ,

100 , ing and maintaining mangroves, establishing nurseries, campaigning

100 , and raising awareness and in conducting participatory research with

100 , communities (Box 39). To maintain long-term partnerships, a new for-

100 mal agreement complementing obligations and roles between the POs

100 and the schools needs to be executed. The ZSL-CMRP engagement with

100 the Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College– Ajuy campus (Fig 65) 100 was used as an example in making further partnership agreements with 100 other schools. The schools are excellent grounds for advocacy since the 100 young students have the enthusiasm and the drive to perform commu- 100

100 nity extension work (Fig 66). Exposing the school teachers in various

50 seminars and forum increased their involvement in helping these com-

50 munities e.g. presence of school teachers during project orientations, 50 , 40

50 , 40 film showings, planting and bagging activities; participation ofNabi-

100 , tasan National High School (NNHS) principal in the PO-NGO workshop

100 , of CMRP; and, presentation of a NIPSC professor with ZSL CO to the

K Philippine Association of Marine Scientist (PAMS) on their schools ex- Y 50

50 perience working with ZSL. NIPSC is now slowly embracing their role in 100 M helping mangrove communities. The advocacy within the NIPSC cam- C 100 puses has started with written news items (Fig 67) and awards for teach- 100 ers on their exemplary extension work done in the ZSL-CMRP sites. 100 100 100

100 Box 38. Amount of LGUs, 100 Summary Year LGAs and NGO Activity/ Items Covered

50 of LGU Counterparts (PhP)

50 counterparts to 50 , 40 CMRP. 2009 141,428.00 Venue; plastic bags, labour, refreshments, and 50 , 40 transportation for planting; boat fare to/from Cebu City, per diems and other incidental expenses for Bohol Study 50 Tour; food/hotel accommodation for Panay Study Tour 50

50 2010 2,017,700.00 Construction of footwalk in KII, counterpart for trainings,

50 launching of KII, METB Meetings, planting activities, cost

100 of seedlings, truck used to transport students, snacks for

100 outplanting activities

100 2011 1,635,400.00 Food for participants in CRM Planning Workshop, boat 100 rental in conduct of PCRA among coastal and island 100 barangays, establishment of nursery, rest house, signage, 100 salary of 2 caretakers, cost of material counterpart for 100 bamboo for barriers to protect newly planted mangrove 100 seedlings, cost of material counterpart in signages,

50 construction of eco-park facilities and road rehabilitation

50 for Pedada, Ajuy 50 , 40

50 , 40 2012 575,000.00 Food and accommodation for participants to the National Mangrove Conference 75

75 Total 4,369,528.00 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 92 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 79 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Box 39. Percentage Number 50 Total Planted by Schools Year Species Planted of Students’ of Student 50 Planted Students contribution Contribution Participants 100

to the CMRP 100 Outplanting targets 100

2009 13,121 AM, RA, RM, SA 1,483 11% 129 100 100 2010 33,340 AM, RM, SA 9,018 27% 584 100

Mixed, RM, RA, 100 2011 39,585 8,727 22% 362 AM, SA 100

Total 86,046 19,228 22% 1,075 75 , 66 75 , 66 Nursery/ Bagging 75 75 Mixed, RM, RA,

2009 12,538 2,416 19% 204 50 , 40 AM, SA, NF 50 , 40 Mixed, RM, RA, 50

2010 21,452 5,045 24% 1,077 50 AM, SA 100 Mixed, RM, RA, 2011 9,800 4,679 48% 495 100

AM, SA 100

Total 43,790 12,140 28% 1,776 100 100

AM - Avicennia marina RM - Rhizophora mucronata NF - Nypa fruticans 100

RA - Rhizophora apiculata SA - Sonneratia alba 100 100 C M 50

d. Promote non-pay planting. In the past mangrove rehabilitation 50 50 projects contracted out and paid communities with money for establish- Y K ing nurseries and outplanting. Three of the five ZSL-CMRP sites were 50

either previously engaged (Balaring, Ivisan) or currently engaged (Bun- 50 , 40 50 , 40

tod, Panay and Pedada, Ajuy) with this kind of arrangement. Contract- 50

ing is initially coursed through the BLGU, then through the PO (Bun- 50

tod Katibyugan) and lastly through the MLGU. In Balaring, engaging 100

the communities to outplant and establish nurseries proved to be very 100 difficult because of their previous experience: People were lured with 100 money and promises of income-generating projects which in the end 100 turned out to benefit only a few and thus disappointed the many. More- 100 100

over plant survival was very poor. It was a major challenge for the CO to 100

start issue-based organizing and to promote no payment scheme for the 100

mangrove activities. Continuing education, raising level of awareness 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 Fig. 65. Culmination activity of NIPSC students and Fig. 66. NIPSC students outplanting in Bgy. Pedada, 100 MOA signing, Ajuy, Iloilo, 24 Feb. 2011. Ajuy, Iloilo, 25 Sept. 2010. 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 93 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 80 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 Fig. 67. 100

100 NIPSC newsletter The Projection 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 Fig. 68 (far right). 50 , 40 BPFA members 100 , during the 100 , strategic planning 100 , workshop in Bgy. 100 , Pedada, Ajuy,

100 Iloilo, 8 March

100 2012. 100 100 and mobilizing communities resulted to a paradigm shift wherein com- 100

100 munities recognize the importance of mangrove to their livelihoods. In

100 Pedada and Buntod, the CO had to initiate a dialogue with the LGU and

100 the PO leaders to tone down the payment scheme as come-on for people

50 to plant. 50 50 , 40 e. Formulate PO strategic plan. The ZSL-CMRP conducted a strate- 50 , 40 gic planning session for the POs (Fig 68) to prepare them for the even- 100 ,

100 , tual exit of CMRP from the sites (Box 40). The plan included enhancing

K the cohesiveness and capacity of the POs giving equal opportunities to Y 50 both men and women, and recognizing their peculiar contribution to 50

100 mangrove management and monitoring (http://genderaquafish.org/), M C 100 coordinating closely with the DENR in reviewing and formulating AWPs

100 and CRMFs, sourcing funds for alternative livelihoods project support, 100 100

100 Box 40. PO strategic planning guide

100 Day Activity Time Allocation 100 Day 01 Opening Activities 1 Hour 30 Minutes 50 Prayer 50

50 , 40 National Anthem

50 , 40 Introduction of Participants Expectation Checking 50 Rationale and Objectives of the Activity 50

50 Inputs 1 Hour 30 Minutes

50 What is Strategic Planning?

100 Components of a Strategic Plan

100 Workshop 1 4 hours 100 Define Scope, Targets and Threats 100 Map Behavior Change Pathways 100

100 Day 02 Workshop 2 8 hours Benefits and Barriers 100 Formulation of Strategic Actions 100

50 Day 03 Workshop 3 4 hours

50 Review of Vision, Mission and Goals 50 , 40 Enhancement of Organizational Governance 50 , 40 Membership Protocol 2 hours 75

75 Closing 1 hour 30 minutes 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 94 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 81 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Box 41. PO capacity building matrix 50

Sites 50 100 CMRP Indicators Bugtong- Naisud Balaring Buntod Pedada Dolores 100

bato 100

Leadership training 100 100 Basic ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 100

Skills (facilitating meetings, 100

communication, decision-making, ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 100 problem solving) 75 , 66

Conflict mgt/ principled negotiation ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 75 , 66 75

Organizational structure 75

Elected set of officers/ complete structure ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 50 , 40 50 , 40 Clear/defined roles/ responsibilities ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 50

Constitution and by-laws 50 100 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Written and approved 100

Understood by members ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 100 100

Registration 100

With DOLE ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 100 100 With SEC ✓ 100 C M LGU accreditation ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 50 50 50 Membership to Local Special Bodies (LSB)/ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Y K

Council (at least 1) 50 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Vision Mission Goal (VMG) set 50 , 40 50 , 40

Conduct of regular meetings ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 50

Organizational policies/ systems/ 50

developed/ installed/ manualized/ approved ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 100

by GA - manualized 100 Technical trainings (with at least 50% of 100 active members participating) 100 100 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Mangrove ecology 100 Mangrove laws ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 100 100

FLA policies ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 50

Greenbelts policies ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 50 Sustainable CRM ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 100 , 100 ,

Membership (at least 20/ PO) ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 50 , 40 50 , 40 PO managing programs / projects ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ 50

Linkages established ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 50 100

Organizational funds 100

Membership dues paid ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 100 100

CBU system in place/ monthly dues paid ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 95 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 82 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 developing direct linkages between POs and institutions and LGUs 100

100 among others. In summary, the PO strategic plan is the document that

100 will give them direction over the next 5-10 years. The first part of the

100 strategic planning process is revisiting the organizational Vision, Mis-

50 sion and Goals, as well as governance and policies. 50 50 , 40 At the beginning of the project, a capacity building matrix was developed by 50 , 40 ZSL CMRP to determine POs progress over the years. Essentially the matrix 100 ,

100 , shows the set of activities needed to enhance the POs functionality as an orga-

100 , nization (Box 41). 100 , 100 100

100 Vi. Conclusions 100

100 The four years of CMRP have provided many important lessons for both nurs-

100 ery and growout phases in mangrove rehabilitation, and the socioeconomic

100 aspects as well. First, nurseries are necessary to provide the required size/age, 100 quantities and mangrove species within a suitable planting season. For com- 50 munities, small-scale backyard nurseries have the advantages of low cost and 50

50 , 40 conveniently simple operations. Another major contribution was identifying 50 , 40 the value and use of abundant wildings trapped among pneumatophores (pen- 100 , cil) and other roots or along dikes of derelict ponds, forming veritable seed- 100 , ling banks where Nature’s excess wildings (bank interest) are withdrawn, so to K Y 50 speak. Another component of this interest is the time saved equivalent to the 50 age of the wilding (6 mo-1.5 yr) when collected. 100 M C 100 Given the paradigm of 4 mangrove:1 pond ratio for ecological health, the ZSL- 100 CMRP has shown that such a goal can be achieved faster by targetting aban- 100 doned ponds rather than the open access but ecologically difficult seafront. 100

100 To revert abandoned ponds back to mangroves, the ZSL-CMRP recommends

100 planting using wildings, as it shortens the period to only 3-5 yr for full canopy 100

50 Fig. 69.

50 Community- 50 , 40 based 50 , 40 rehabilitation

50 of mangrove

50 greenbelt in

50 Balaring, Ivisan,

50 Capiz. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 96 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 83 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 to be restored compared to 15-20 yr with Natural Regeneration. Neverthe- 50

less, poor communities have no means to relocate to higher ground, therefore 50

coastal protection is a must. In such cases, selection of mangrove sites along 100

the seafront should be conducted during neap tide and planting should start 100 from the beach in a seaward direction, instead of the standard spring tide sur- 100 vey and planting from the outermost margin, which characterize most man- 100 100 grove planting activities. Other innovations for seafront rehabilitation include 100

the use of taller, nursery saplings, and the construction of protective barriers 100

(for wave action, erosion) and stationary fences or floating markers (to keep 100

out stray animals, gleaners and fishing boats during high tide). A successful 75 , 66

application of the protocols described above can help communities restore 75 , 66 75 their coastal greenbelts, as seen in the satellite image of plantations connected 75 end-to-end in the CMRP Balaring, Ivisan, Capiz site (Fig. 69). 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 C M 50 50 50 Y K 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 97 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 84 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 100

100 References 100

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100 Bosire JO, Dahdouh-Guebas F, Kairo JG, Wartel S, Kazungu J, Koedam N. 100 2006. Success rates of recruited tree species and their contribution to the 100 structural development of reforested mangrove stands. Mar. Ecol. Prog. 100 Ser. 325: 85–91. 100

100 Bosire JO, Dahdouh-Guebas F, Walton M, Crona BI, Lewis III RR, Field C, 100

100 Kairo JG, Koedam N. 2008. Functionality of restored mangroves: a review. Aquatic Botany 89: 251-259. 50 50

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100 oneocean.org/download/db_files/crmp_completion_report.pdf 100 de Leon ROD, White AT. 1999. Mangrove rehabilitation in the Philippines. In: 100

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Lewis RR, Marshall MJ. 1997. Principles of successful restoration of shrimp 100 aquaculture ponds back to mangrove forests. Programa/resumes de Mar- 100 cuba ’97, September 15/20, Palacio de Convenciones de La Habana, Cuba, 100 126 p. 100 100 Lewis RR III, Erftemeijer PLA, Sayaka A. 2000. Mangrove rehabilitation after 50 shrimp aquaculture: A case study in progress at the Don Sak National For- 50

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Melana DM, Atchue J III, Yao CE, Edwards R, Melana EE, Gonzales HI. 2000. 100 100 Mangrove Management Handbook. Department of Environment and Nat- 100

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100 ences in benthic fauna and sediment among mangrove (Avicennia marina

100 var. australasica) stands of different ages in New Zealand. Est. Cstl. Shelf

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50 Primavera JH. 2000. Development and conservation of Philippine mangroves: 50 , 40 institutional issues. Ecol. Econ. 35: 91-106. 50 , 40

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100 , Primavera JH, Agbayani RF. 1997. Comparative strategies in community-

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100 ings of Ecotone V, Community Participation in Conservation, Sustainable 100 Use and Rehabilitation of Mangroves in Southeast Asia. UNESCO, Japa- 100 nese Man and the Biosphere National Committee and Mangrove Ecosystem 100 Research Centre, Vietnam. 100

100 Primavera JH, Esteban JMA. 2008. A review of mangrove rehabilitation in 50 the Philippines: successes, failures and future prospects. Wetlands Ecol. 50

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50 , 40 Siddiqi NA, Islam MR, Khan MAS, Shahidullah M. 1993. Mangrove nurseries in Bangladesh. ISME Mangrove Ecosystems Occ. Papers No. 1. Bangladesh 75 Forest Research Insitute, Barisal, Bangladesh. 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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establishment and development. Ecosystems Research and Development 50

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Taniguchi K, Takashima S, Suko O. 1999. The silviculture manual for man- 100

groves in Bali and Lombok. Ministry of Forestry and Estate Crops, Indone- 100

sia and Japan International Cooperation Agency, 35 pp. 100 100

Thoi HV, Pham TT. 2010. Mangrove nursery manual. Management of Natural 100

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cial People’s Committee and GTZ, 45 pp. [Internet]. [cited 15 April 2012] 75 , 66 75 http://czm-soctrang.org.vn/Publications/ EN/Docs/Mangrove%20Nurs- 75 ery% 20Manual%20EN.pdf 50 , 40

Walton M, Le Vay L, Lebata J, Binas J, Primavera JH. 2007. Assessment of the 50 , 40 50 effectiveness of mangrove rehabilitation using exploited and non-exploited 50

indicator species. Biol. Cons. 138: 180-188. 100

Walton MEM, Samonte-Tan GPB, Primavera JH, Edwards-Jones G, Le Vay 100 100 L. 2006. Are mangroves worth replanting? The direct economic benefits of 100

a community-based reforestation project. Environ. Cons. 33 (4): 335-343. 100 100

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/1993/10/29/000009265_3960925174627/Rendered 50 50 Y K

Yap WG. Assessment of FLA holdings in four pilot regions. Strategy for Sus- 50 tainable Aquaculture Development for Poverty Reduction, Philippines 50 , 40 (ADTA 4708-PHI), PRIMEX, Manila. Unpub. report. 33 pp. 50 , 40 50

ZSL-CMRP Terminal Report. 2012. Zoological Society of London, Unpub. re- 50

port. 41 pp. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 88 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 100 100 100 100

100 Glossary 100

100 abscission layer

50 zone of cells at the bases of fruits, flowers, and leaves whose breakdown

50 causes separation of the structure from the stem 50 , 40

50 , 40 algae 100 , aquatic plants without roots, stem or leaves but which contain chlorophyll 100 ,

100 , barnacle

100 , marine crustacean with an external shell, permanently attached to rocks,

100 boats and other surfaces 100 barrier 100

100 structure that prevents movement, such as the flow of water

100 breakwater 100 barrier built into the sea to reduce wave action and protect the shoreline 100

100 fringing mangroves

50 bands of mangroves along shorelines and islands, covered by daily tides 50 50 , 40 gleaners 50 , 40 pickers or gatherers of shells and other marine products in mudflats and 100 ,

100 , sandflats exposed during low tide K Y 50 greenbelt

50 belt of natural or planted forests or parks that lines a shoreline or river- 100 M bank, or encircles a community C 100

100 hydrology

100 movement and other properties of water bodies, especially as influenced

100 by tides 100

100 hypocotyl

100 portion of the stem of a plant embryo below the seed leaves or cotyledons

50 lower intertidal zone 50

50 , 40 coastal zone mostly submerged, only exposed during the lowest tides 50 , 40 Mean Sea Level (MSL) 50 the sea level halfway between the mean high tide and the mean low tide 50

50 middle intertidal zone 50 coastal zone regularly submerged by all high tides and exposed during all 100 low tides 100

100 nodal distance 100 distance between two consecutive nodes 100

100 node

100 point on a stem where a leaf or leaves are attached 100 overwash mangroves 50

50 mangroves on small islands that are frequently washed by the tides 50 , 40

50 , 40 oviparous plant that produces fruits (fertilized eggs) which germinate and develop af- 75

75 ter separation from the parent plant 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 102 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 MANUAL ON COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE REHABILITATION 89 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 peat layer 50

layer of soil rich in organic matter, mainly decaying plant material, satu- 50

rated in water 100 pericarp 100 100 wall of the ripened fruit 100

pH 100 measure of the acidity/ alkalinity of a substance based on the concentra- 100 tion of hydrogen ions (H+). The pH of pure water is 7 and is referred to as 100 neutral. A solution of pH less than 7 is said to be acid whereas a solution of 100 pH above 7 is said to be alkaline. 75 , 66 75 , 66 pneumatophores 75 aerial roots, often pencil- or cone-shaped, with many pores and intercellu- 75

lar spaces for gas exchange; arising from cable or lateral roots 50 , 40 50 , 40 propagule 50 seed or seedling capable of producing a new plant, usually applied to Rhi- 50 zophora and related genera 100 100

quadrat 100

a small square or rectangular area selected for intensive sampling to assess 100 the entire population in the area 100 100

recruits 100 100 young plants (seedlings or wildings) that are added to the population each C M year 50 50 50 rehabilitation Y K

aims to re-establish most, but not all, key processes and functions 50

restoration 50 , 40 50 , 40

aims to re-establish former biodiversity and all key ecological processes 50

and functions, i.e., to bring an ecosystem back into, as nearly as possible, 50

its original condition 100

salinity 100 measure of the total quantity of dissolved minerals and chlorides in water 100 100

or soil expressed in parts per thousand (ppt); the saltness of water 100

saplings 100 a young tree, over one meter high, with trunk or stem more than 4 cm di- 100 100

ameter 50

seedling 50

young plant grown from seed, less than one meter high 100 ,

semidiurnal 100 , occurring twice a day, with two high and two low waters each lunar day 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 upper intertidal zone 50

mostly dry coastal zone, covered by the highest tide but not the lowest high 100

tides 100

viviparous 100 plant whose seeds germinate within the fruit and form plantlets while still 100 100 attached to the parent plant 100

wildings (also spelled wildling) 100 young plant growing uncultivated in the wild 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 103 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 90 Appendix 1 100 100 100 Appendix 1: Monitoring Sheet 100 100

100 MONITORING GROWTH 100 50 50

50 , 40 Species: Site: Date: 50 , 40 100 ,

100 , Nodal Plant No. Height (cm) No. of Leaves No. of Nodes* Distance Remarks 100 ,

100 , (cm)* 100

100 1 100 100 100

100 2 100 100

50 3 50 50 , 40 50 , 40

100 , 4 100 , K Y 50 50 5 100 M C 100 100

100 6 100 100 100

100 7 50 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 8 50 50

50 9 50 100 100 10 100 100

100 *Only for Rhizophora species 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 104 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 2 91 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Appendix 2: Sample MOA with LGU 50 50 100

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT 100 100 100

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS: 100 100

This Agreement made and entered into by and between: 100 The Community-Based Mangrove Rehabilitation Project in the Philippines 100 (CRMP) of the Zoological Society of London, a non-governmental organization with official 75 , 66 75 , 66 address at Muzon San Luis Bldg., 132 Quezon St., Iloilo City and represented by its Project Manager, 75

Dr. Jurgenne H. Primavera, herein referred to as ZSL Mangrove Project; 75

and 50 , 40 50 , 40 The MUNICIPALITY OF LEGANES, ILOILO, a duly constituted LOCAL GOVERN- 50 MENT UNIT with official address at Poblacion Leganes, Iloilo and represented by its Municipal 50 100 Mayor, the Hon. Adolfo Jaen, herein referred to as the Leganes LGU; 100

WITNESSETH: 100 100

WHEREAS, the ZSL Mangrove Project aims to conserve wildlife populations and ecosys- 100

tems, specifically by restoring mangrove ecology while allowing local communities to benefit from 100

these resources in a sustainable fashion; 100 100 C M WHEREAS, Sec. 16 of Republic Act 8550 (Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998) states that 50 the municipal government shall be responsible for the management, conservation, development, 50 50 Y K

protection, and utilization of fishing/aquatic resources within municipal waters under their jurisdic- 50

tion; 50 , 40 50 , 40 WHEREAS, the ZSL Mangrove Project and the Leganes LGU will jointly embark on a man- 50

grove project for Barangay Bigke, covering an area of .36 ha with coordinates 50 100

n 10 ° 45 ’ 53.3 e 122 ° 36 ’ 3.9 100

n 10 ° 45 ’ 53.3 e 122 ° 36 ’ 3.6 100

n 10 ° 45 ’ 54.1 e 122 ° 36 ’ 4.3 100 n 10 ° 45 ’ 54.2 e 122 ° 36 ’ 4.2 100

n 10 ° 45 ’ 54.3 e 122 ° 36 ’ 4.5 100 n 10 ° 45 ’ 54.2 e 122 ° 36 ’ 4.4 100 100

n 10 ° 45 ’ 54.0 e 122 ° 36 ’ 4.7 50 n 10 ° 45 ’ 53.9 e 122 ° 36 ’ 5.5 50 n 10 ° 45 ’ 54.0 e 122 ° 36 ’ 5.4 100 ,

and Barangay Nabitasan, covering an area of 9.0798 ha with coordinate 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40

n 10 ° 46 ´ 51.7 e 122 ° 37 ´ 28.5 50

n 10 ° 46 ´ 45.8 e 122 ° 37 ´ 25.9 50

n 10 ° 46 ´ 45.1 e 122 ° 37 ´ 26.5 100

n 10 ° 46 ´ 44.8 e 122 ° 37 ´ 27.5 100

n 10 ° 46 ´ 55.2 e 122 ° 37 ´ 32.7 100

n 10 ° 46 ´ 52.7 e 122 ° 37 ´ 34.9 100 n 10 ° 46 ´ 52.3 e 122 ° 37 ´ 35.6 100 n 10 ° 46 ´ 51.7 e 122 ° 37 ´ 37.7 100 100 n 10 ° 46 ´ 54.0 e 122 ° 37 ´ 40.5 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 105 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 92 Appendix 2 100 100 100

100 n 10 ° 46 ´ 52.5 e 122 ° 37 ´ 41.6

100 n 10 ° 46 ´ 51.1 e 122 ° 37 ´ 42.7

100 n 10 ° 46 ´ 50.1 e 122 ° 37 ´ 42.0

100 n 10 ° 46 ´ 48.5 e 122 ° 37 ´ 42.8

50 n 10 ° 46 ´ 48.0 e 122 ° 37 ´ 42.3 50

50 , 40 n 10 ° 46 ´ 48.0 e 122 ° 37 ´ 41.7

50 , 40 n 10 ° 46 ´ 46.9 e 122 ° 37 ´ 35.4 100 ,

100 , from date of signing to June 2012, aimed at rehabilitating abandoned government-leased fishponds to healthy

100 , mangrove forest, restoring the legally mandated greenbelt, and increasing coastal protection, food resources 100 , and livelihood income through the sustainable management of mangroves;

100 NOW THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the foregoing premises and consideration, 100 the parties hereto agree as follows: 100

100 A. Title 100

100 This agreement shall be known as “Memorandum of Agreement between the ZSL Mangrove Project

100 and the Local Government Unit of Leganes on the Implementation of the Mangrove Community-

100 Based Rehabilitation Project”. 50

50 B. Obligations 50 , 40

50 , 40 B.1 ZSL Mangrove Project 100 , 1. Support greenbelt establishment, reversion of abandoned ponds to mangroves; 100 ,

K 2. Provide technical assistance, training, advisory services and related assistance in the imple- Y 50

50 mentation of said Mangrove Project; 100 M C

100 3. Provide financial support in the rehabilitation and maintenance of said mangrove greenbelt and reverted ponds (to include materials for planting and nursery, monitoring, materials for 100

100 the construction and installation of signage, and snacks during out-planting) for the duration

100 of the project until June 2012; 100 4. Undertake regular biophysical monitoring of project sites, regularly evaluate and determine 100

100 the status of project implementation;

50 5. Document shellfish gleaning, boat traffic and other socioeconomic uses of Bigke and Nabi- 50

50 , 40 tasan mangroves; 50 , 40 6. Assist LGU in the conduct of the information and educational campaign on the importance of

50 mangrove rehabilitation to residents of Barangays Bigke and Nabitasan, in partnership with 50 the DENR; 50

50 B.2. Municipal Local Government Unit (Leganes) 100

100 1. Enforce the provisions of RA 7160 (Local Government Code) on environment and natural

100 resources protection within their area of jurisdiction; 100 2. Clarify and rationalize tenurial status of the Leganes mangroves following the Local Govern- 100

100 ment Code and the guidelines of DENR and BFAR;

100 3. Take the lead in the information dissemination of the project and campaign for the rehabilita- 100 tion and protection of mangroves; 50

50 4. Actively participate in the interagency group that will formulate the Plan of Action and imple- 50 , 40

50 , 40 ment the project;

75 5. Provide support (human, material and financial counterparts) in the conduct of project activi-

75 ties; 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 2 93 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

6. Pass the necessary legislation in support of the project; 50

7. Provide technical assistance and monitoring in the conduct of site-based activities related to 50 the project; 100 100

B.3 Barangay Local Government Unit (Bigke and Nabitasan) 100 100

1. Take the lead in maintaining, protecting and monitoring the rehabilitated mangroves 100

2. Actively participate in project implementation activities such as trainings, education cam- 100 100 paign, planting, research, biophysical monitoring, etc. 100

3. Provide support (human, material and financial counterparts) in the conduct of project activi- 75 , 66

ties; 75 , 66 75

4. Pass the necessary legislation in support of the project; 75

5. Provide assistance in the organizational development of the barangay group that will manage 50 , 40 50 , 40 the mangroves. 50 C. Effectivity and Period of the Agreement 50 100

This Agreement shall take effect on the date of signing by all Parties hereto and shall continue to 100 exist until June 2012 from said date unless earlier terminated by the parties. 100 100

D. Limitations 100 100

Any changes or deviations requiring additional services or omissions in work covered by this Agree- 100

ment shall be coordinated and mutually agreed upon by the Parties and may be attached as Adden- 100 C M dum to this MOA to be signed by all parties and attached to the original document. 50 50 50 In witness hereof, the parties through their duly authorized representatives have hereunto affixed Y K

their signature this _____ day of ______, 2009 in ______. 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 For Leganes LGU For ZSL MANGROVE PROJECT 50 50 100

HON. ADOLFO JAEN JURGENNE H. PRIMAVERA, Ph.D. 100 100 Municipal Mayor, Leganes Project Manager, CMRP 100 100 100

For Bgy. Bigke For Bgy. Nabitasan 100 100 50

HON. NARCISO SARMIENTO HON. LEOPOLDO JUELE SR. 50

Punong Barangay Punong Barangay 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 Signed in the presence of 50 50 100

VIRGIE GUINTIVANO JOSEPHINE P. SAVARIS 100 Officer-in-charge, MAO Socio-economist, CMRP 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 94 Appendix 2 100 100 100 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES) S.S. 100

100 CITY OF ILOILO 100

100 X______X 50 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 BEFORE ME, Notary Public for the Province/City/Municipality of ______,

100 , Philippines, this _____ day of ______2009 at ______per-

100 , sonally came and appeared the following: 100 , 100 ,

100 Parties CTC Number Date and Place of Issue 100 1) Hon. Aoldofo Jaen 100

100 2) Jurgenne H. Primavera 100

100 3) Narciso Sarmiento

100 4) Leopoldo Juele Sr. 100

50 5) Josephine P. Savaris 50 50 , 40 6) Virgie Guintivano 50 , 40 100 , 100 , Known to me as the persons who executed this Memorandum of Agreement and acknowledged that K Y 50 the same is the product of their free and voluntary deed. 50 100

M WITNESS MY HAND AND SEAL on the date and place first above written. C 100 100 100 100

100 NOTARY PUBLIC 100

100 PTR No. ______

50 Until ______50 50 , 40 Doc No. ______; 50 , 40 Page No. ______; 50

50 Book No. ______; 50

50 Series of ______. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 3 95 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Appendix 3. Household Survey Tool 50 50 100

Socio-Economic SurvEy 100

The Community-Based Mangrove Forest Rehabilitation and Management Project 100

Zoological Society of London 100 100 Date : ______100 100 Municipality : ______100 Barangay : ______75 , 66 75 , 66 1. Full Name: ______75 75 2. Age: ______50 , 40

3. Sex: ( ) Male ( ) Female 50 , 40 50

4. Address: ______50 100 4.1 How long have you been residing in this barangay? 100

______100

4.2 How many times have you changed residence in the last 10 years? 100

______100

4.3 What were your reason(s) for these changes in residence? ______100 ______100 100 4.4 Where was your last residence before moving here? ______C M 50 4.5 Do you have any plans to change residence in the next five (5) years? ( ) yes ( ) no 50 50 4.5.1 If yes, why? ______Y K

_ 50 Where do you plan to reside? ______50 , 40

5. Civil Status: ( ) Single ( ) Married ( ) Widow ( ) Separated 50 , 40 50

6. Highest Educational Attainment: 50 100 ( ) College Graduate ( ) With College Units ( ) Vocational Graduate 100

( ) High School Graduate ( ) Elementary Graduate 100

( ) High School Level ( ) Elementary Level 100

( ) Others, please specify ______100 100

7. Religious Affiliation: 100

( ) Roman Catholic ( ) Protestant ( ) Aglipay ( ) Seventh Day Adventist 100 ( ) Others ______50 50

8. To which ethnic group do you belong? 100 ,

( ) Tagalog ( ) Cebuano ( ) Boholano ( ) Ilonggo ( ) Waray 100 , ( ) Others ______50 , 40 50 , 40 9. What languages/dialects do you speak? ______50 50

10. What is your main source of income? 100 100

( ) fishing ( ) farming ( ) animal husbandry 100 ( ) business (specify) ______100

( ) if no source of income, what is your source of living? ______100

( ) others, specify ______100 100 (Note: Please answer 10.a.1 to 10.a.7 if you are a full time or a part-time fisherman) 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 96 Appendix 3 100 100 100 a.1 How many years have you been fishing? ______100

100 a.2 How many months do you go fishing in a year? ______

100 a.3 How many days do you go fishing in a month? ______

100 a.4 How many times do you go fishing in a day? ______

50 a.5 From whom or where did you learn fishing? ______

50 a.6 What fishing gear or equipment do you own? 50 , 40

50 , 40 ( ) Fishing boat ( ) Fish net ( ) Cooler ( ) others specify ______

100 , a.7 What do you do with the fish and other marine plants and creatures you have caught or

100 , harvested?

100 , ( ) Sell to fish vendors or traders ( ) Home consumption

100 , ( ) Sell directly to consumers ( ) Process for home consumption

100 ( ) Process for selling ( ) Others, specify ______100 (Note: Please answer 10.b.1 to 10.b.7 for source of income taken from the mangroves) 100

100 b.1 How many years have you been harvesting resources from the mangrove? ______

100 b.2 How many months in a year do you do this? ______100 b.3 How many days in a month do you do this? ______100 b.4 How many times in a day do you do this? ______100 b.5 From whom or where did you this activity? ______50

50 b.6 What equipment do you own in doing this kind of activity? 50 , 40 ( ) Fishing boat ( ) Fish net ( ) others ______50 , 40 b.7 What do you do with the fish, shells, crustaceans and other mangrove resources that you 100 , have caught or harvested? 100 ,

K ( ) Sell to fish vendors or traders ( ) Home consumption Y 50 ( ) Sell directly to consumers ( ) Process for home consumption 50 ( ) Process for selling ( ) Others, specify ______100 M C 100 11. What are your other sources of income? 100

100 ( ) Farming ( ) Vending ( ) Running a sari-sari store

100 ( ) Livestock raising ( ) Fish production/aquaculture ( ) Cooking

100 ( ) Remittance from other family member ( ) Fish processing

100 ( ) Dressmaking/tailoring ( ) Copra making ( ) Rental of properties 100 ( ) Carpentry ( ) Others, please specify ______50

50 12. What is your household total monthly income? ______50 , 40

50 , 40 13. What other socio-economic skills do you know?

50 ( ) Farming ( ) Vending ( ) Running a sari-sari store 50 ( ) Carpentry ( ) Cooking ( ) Dressmaking/tailoring 50 ( ) Copra making ( ) Livestock-raising 50 ( ) Others, please specify ______100

100 14. Do you have any savings? ( ) yes ( ) no 100

100 15. Household Members: 100

100 15.1 Tell me about the people who are now living in your household. (Include respondent)

100 name Position in Sex Age Civil Educational Occupation Estimated monthly 100 the family Status Level income contributed

50 to the family 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 3 97 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

15.2 Tell me about your family members who live outside the household but still consider your 50

house their home. 50 100

name Position in Sex Age Civil Educational Occupation Estimated monthly 100

the family Status Level income contributed 100 to the family 100 100 100 100 100 75 , 66 75 , 66 75 16. House Ownership. Is your house ( ) owned? ( ) rented? (how much?)______75 ( ) not owned? (specify) ______50 , 40

17. If owned, how did you acquire it? ( ) inherited ( ) bought ( ) built 50 , 40 50

18. Type of dwelling: 50 ( ) light materials (nipa/cogon/bamboo) ( ) mixed materials (combination of 100

( ) permanent (concrete/cement) wood/bamboo with GI roof/cement) 100 ( ) others (specify) ______100 100

19. Home lot ownership. Is your lot ( ) owned? ( ) rented? (how much?)______100

( ) not owned? (specify) ______100 100 100

20. Do you have the following appliances/facilities in your house? Please check if you have. C M ( ) radio ( ) television ( ) Audio cassette player ( ) gas stove ( ) bed 50

( ) sewing machine ( ) sala set ( ) video camera ( ) refrigerator 50 50 Y

( ) Typewriter ( ) others (specify) ______K 50 21. Lighting facility: 50 , 40 ( ) with electricity ( ) without electricity 50 , 40 50

If without electricity specify type of lighting facility 50

( ) kerosene lamp ( ) petromax/gas-operated ( ) generator-operated 100

( ) others (specify) ______100 100 22. Toilet facility: 100

( ) with toilet facility ( ) without toilet facility 100

If with toilet facility, specify type 100 100 ( ) Antipolo type ( ) water-sealed ( ) Others, please specify ______100 If without toilet, specify where waste is disposed ______50 50 23. What are your sources of potable water? 100 , ( ) artesian well ( ) spring ( ) deep well ( ) water service facility 100 ,

( ) rain water ( ) bottled water ( ) Others, please specify ______50 , 40 50 , 40 24. How do you dispose of your garbage? 50

( ) Throw in the family or community pit ( ) Burn 50

( ) Collected by the garbage collector ( ) Recycled 100

( ) Others, please specify ______100 100

25. Property ownership 100 25.1 Farm Land ( ) yes ( ) no 100 100

If yes, type of ownership ( ) owned, how big? ______100

( ) not owned, but leased, how much a year? ______100

( ) tenant, what is the sharing system? ______100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 98 Appendix 3 100 100 100 25.2 Fishing gear 100

100 ( ) motorized boat (specify number)______

100 ( ) banca (specify number) ______

100 ( ) nets (specify types of nets) ______

50 ( ) other fishing gears (specify) ______50

50 , 40 25.3 Animals owned 50 , 40 ( ) carabao, how many ______( ) cattle, how many ______100 , ( ) chickens, how many ______( ) horses, how many ______100 , ( ) ducks, how many ______( ) pigs, how many ______100 , ( ) goats, how many ______100 ,

100 26. Credit facility 100 26.1 If you need to borrow money, where do you usually go? 100 ( ) relatives ( ) suki ( ) neighbors/friends ( ) pawnshop 100 ( ) credit coop ( ) loan sharks (“5/6”) ( ) banks ( ) bombay 100

100 ( ) others (specify) ______

100 26.2 How is repayment done? 100 ( ) specified period of time, with interest rate (specify rate) ______50

50 ( ) specified period of time, without interest rate 50 , 40 ( ) no specific period of time 50 , 40 ( ) other arrangements (specify) ______100 ,

100 , 27. What economic activities are primarily done by specific member(s) of your family? Please K check. Y 50 50 nature of Activities Mother/Wife Father/Husband Daughter(s) Son(s) 100 M C 100 Fishing

100 • fish capture 100 • processing/drying offish 100 • mendingnets & other gears 100

100 • preparing gears for fishing

100 • gleaning

50 • mariculture 50

50 , 40 • others, specify

50 , 40 Farming

50 • feeding

50 • marketing/selling

50 • others, specify 50 Other income-generating activities 100

100 • small-scale business

100 • handicrafts

100 • marine-based IGP 100 • others, specify 100

100 28. What percentage of your income is derived from fishing? 100 ( ) 76% - 100% ( ) 50% - 75% ( ) 25% - 50% ( ) less than 25% 50 50

50 , 40 29. Health data

50 , 40 29.1. Source of drinking water

75 ( ) piped water ( ) stream/spring ( ) dug open well

75 ( ) water pump ( ) river 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 3 99 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

29.2. During the past year, what illness/diseases were experienced by the family? 50 50

Type of illnesses/diseases Who in the family? 100 100 100 100 100

30. Membership in Organization. 100 100

Household Member name of organization Position Type of organization 100

Husband 1. 75 , 66 75 , 66 2. 75

Wife 1. 75

2. 50 , 40

daughter(s) 50 , 40 50

1. 50

Son(s) 100

1. 100 100

31. Is there any organization/group, NGO or government agency in your barangay with environ- 100 mental programs? ( ) yes ( ) no 100 100

31.1. If yes, what is/are these? Please indicate environmental programs and services for each. 100 100 C M 50 50 50 Y K 50 32. What are the problems and issues faced by your family? How do you think these problems may be solved? 50 , 40 50 , 40 50

Problems Proposed solutions 50 100 100 100 100 100 33. What are the problems and issues faced by your community? How do you think these prob- 100

lems may be solved? 100 100

Problems Proposed solutions 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40

34. How do you perceive the situation in your mangrove areas now? 50 50 100 100

35. How do you envision your mangrove area five years from now? 100 100 100 100

36. Have you noticed any public announcements posted in your barangay or barangay hall? 100 ( ) yes ( ) no 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 100 Appendix 3 100 100 100 37. Have you noticed any of the barangay or local governmentofficials or any other government or 100

100 nongovernment agencies making announcements in the community?

100 ( ) yes ( ) no

100 38. Have you received information on the following areas or topic? If yes, from where? 50 50

50 , 40 SOURCES OF INFORMATION inFormATion rEcEivED yes No 50 , 40 NGO/PO GO Private Others 100 , Fishing laws, policies and procedures 100 , Credit 100 ,

100 , Environment conservation

100 Livestock raising

100 Fisheries resource management 100 Farming 100 Leadershipang management 100

100 Fishing technology

100 Fishprocessing 100 Aquaculture 50

50 Marketing 50 , 40 Project development & management 50 , 40

100 , Information, education and communication

100 , enterprise development and management K Y 50 Others, please specify 50 100 M 39. Can you identify fisheries and concerns related to mangrove which you consider as important? C 100 100 100 100 100

100 40. Have you observed any change in your coastal environment and mangrove resources in the

100 past five (5) years?

50 ( ) yes ( ) no

50 a. If yes, kindly specify effects of the changes to the community. 50 , 40 50 , 40 50

50 41. Are you aware of local beliefs, myths, and folklore about the environment? 50 ( ) yes ( ) no 50

100 42. Are you aware of any assistance your community has received from government for the pro- 100 tection, rehabilitation and management of coastal resources and mangrove management? 100

100 GovErnmEnT ASSiSTAncE yes No 100

100 Law enforcement

100 Technical assistance

100 Legal assistance

50 Material and financial assistance 50

50 , 40 Rehabilitation 50 , 40 environmental management

75 Referrals 75

75 , 66 Others, please specify 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 3 101 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

43. What are the types of illegal and destructive activities have you observed and who are in- 50

volved? 50 100

Type of illegal activities People involved Remarks 100 100 100 100 100 100

44. Does your municipality have any ordinance to stop illegal fishing? 100 75 , 66 ( ) Yes ( ) No ( ) Don’t know 75 , 66 75

45. Does your municipality have any ordinance to stop illegal activities in the mangroves? 75

( ) Yes ( ) No ( ) Don’t know 50 , 40 50 , 40 46. If yes, does your municipality enforce the ordinance? 50 50

( ) Yes ( ) No ( ) Don’t know 100

47. How effective is the enforcement? 100 100

( ) Very effective ( ) Effective ( ) Not effective ( ) Don’t know 100 100

48. What do you suggest to be done to stop illegal activities? 100 100 100 C M 50 50 50 Y K 49. Have you attended training in the following areas? 50 50 , 40

TRAINING PROGRAMS ATTENDED yes No 50 , 40 50

Fisheries laws, policies and procedures 50

Credit 100 100

Environment conservation 100

Livestock raising 100 100 Fisheries resource management 100

Farming 100

Leadership and management 100 50

Fishing technology 50

Fish processing 100 ,

Aquaculture 100 , 50 , 40 Marketing 50 , 40 50 project development and management 50

Information, education and communication 100

enterprise development and management 100 100

Others, please specify 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 102 Appendix 3 100 100 100 50. Please check from the list below your most important training needs. 100 100 TRAINING NEEDS yes No 100

100 Fisheries laws, policies and procedures

50 Credit 50

50 , 40 Environment conservation 50 , 40 Livestock raising 100 ,

100 , Fisheries resource management

100 , Farming 100 , Leadership and management

100 Fishing technology 100

100 Fish processing

100 Aquaculture 100 Marketing 100

100 project development and management

100 Information, education and communication

50 enterprise development and management 50 50 , 40 Others, please specify 50 , 40

100 , Income and Expense Information per month 100 ,

K A. Monthly expenses Y 50 50

100 Expense item Estimated expense (P) M C 100 Education 100 Health 100

100 Food

100 Clothing 100 Miscellaneous (vices, entertainment, vacation, travel, etc) 100

50 electricity 50

50 , 40 Water

50 , 40 House repair and maintenance

50 Others

50 Total expenses 50

50 B. Total income per month 100 100 Source of Income Total income (P) 100

100 Main source

100 Secondary source 100 Other sources 100

100 Total income 50

50 C. Income-Expenses 50 , 40 50 , 40 Income 75 Less: expenses 75 75 , 66 Balance 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 4 103 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Appendix 4. Bio-Physical and Socio-Economic Profile of Barangay Dolores 50 50 100

Bio-PhySicAl AnD Socio-Economic ProFilE 100

oF BArAnGAy DolorES, nuEvA vAlEnciA, GuimArAS 100 100 INTRODUCTION 100 100

This socio-economic profile was produced by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) in partnership 100

with Katilingban sang Magagmay nga Mangingisda sa Dolores (KAMAMADO) and the LGU of Do- 100

lores and Nueva Valencia, Guimaras. It was prepared with the following objectives: 75 , 66 75 , 66 a] To consolidate social, economic, biophysical and other relevant information on the mangroves 75 and fisheries in Dolores into a profile that can provide baseline information; 75

b] To serve as basis for decision-making and stakeholder planning in line with the overall coastal 50 , 40 50 , 40 resource management goal of the Municipality of Nueva Valencia, Guimaras; and 50 50

c. To use such baseline information as basis for measuring project impact at the end of the project 100

term. 100 100

Methodology 100 100

Five (5) local research assistants (LRAs) were trained in Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). The 100

PRA training included topics on principles, methods and tools. Lectures and field practicum were 100 100 the methods used in the training. A research plan was done at the end of the session that included C M schedules for data gathering, list of households to be sampled (20% of the total households for the 50 HH survey), participants for the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and LRA assignments. Data gather- 50 50 Y

ing was conducted for 5 days K after which a barangay as- 50

sembly was conducted to 50 , 40 50 , 40 validate data gathered. 50 50

ZSL and the Commu- 100

nity-based Mangrove 100 Rehabilitation Project 100 100

The Zoological Society of 100

London is an international 100

scientific, conservation and 100

educational charity found- 100 ed in 1826. ZSL runs ZSL 50 London Zoo and ZSL Whip- 50 snade Zoo. A registered 100 ,

charity (No. 208728), ZSL 100 , is dedicated to achieving 50 , 40 50 , 40 and promoting the world- 50

wide conservation of ani- 50 mals and their habitats in 100

the context of communities. 100 ZSL’s conservation work 100 aims to build capacity and 100 100 influence policy, to bring 100

direct and sustainable con- 100

servation benefits to wild 100 animals and their habitats, FIGURE 1. Map of Nueva Valencia, Guimaras 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 104 Appendix 4 100 100 100 with activities typically undertaken by forming partnerships with local organizations and govern- 100

100 ment departments.

100 ZSL has been working in the Philippines for over 10 years. The experience and knowledge gained 100 from working in Philippine coastal communities helped identify the biodiversity problem in the 50 Philippines. 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 In 2008, ZSL embarked on the Community-based Mangrove Rehabilitation Project (CMRP), a

100 , 4-year project which will bring expert technical knowledge and experience in mangrove reforesta-

100 , tion; rehabilitation of abandoned shrimp ponds; planting mangrove forests for maximum biodiver-

100 , sity and fisheries gain; coastal protection and stabilization; establishing ecological, physiochemical

100 , and socio-economic monitoring programs to demonstrate mangrove productivity; establishing pro-

100 tected areas/reserves for mangrove conservation and awareness raising. ZSL will also provide expe-

100 rience in developing sustainable livelihoods appropriate to the coastal (mangrove) environment that

100 are economically and ecologically viable. 100 The CMRP has the following specific goals: 100

100 ● to secure tenure on coastal land through Community-based Forest Management Agreement (CB- 100 FMA); 100

50 ● to rehabilitate 50 hectares of abandoned, unutilized and underutilized government-leased fish- 50

50 , 40 ponds and 30 hectares of degraded nipa stands to healthy mangrove habitat to provide commu-

50 , 40 nities with ecosystem goods and services including increased food resources;

100 , ● to support coastal communities to supplement their livelihoods utilising rehabilitated mangrove 100 ,

K habitats; Y 50

50 ● to re-establish the legally mandated mangrove ‘greenbelt’ along the coast to decrease vulnerabil- 100

M ity of communities to coastal erosion and storm surges. C 100 100

100 CHAPTER 1

100 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA 100

100 Municipality of Nueva Valencia 100

50 The Municipality of Nueva Valencia is one of five (5) municipalities that comprise the island prov-

50 ince of Guimaras. It is located southeast of Panay Island and northwest of Negros Occidental. Iloilo 50 , 40

50 , 40 Strait separates Guimaras from Panay with a distance of approximately eleven (11) kilometers. The Municipality of Nueva Valencia is bounded on the north by the Municipality of Sibunag, on the 50 south and East by Iloilo Strait, and on the west by Guimaras Strait. 50

50 Nueva Valencia is a 3rd class municipality with a total land area of 13,712 hectares. It has 22 baran- 50 gays, of which 14 are coastal, 2 island and 6 inland. Total population was registered at 35,026 (NSO 100 data, 2007). Like the Province of Guimaras, the local economy of Nueva Valencia is primarily based 100 on agriculture and fishery which contribute 68% to the total local economy. The Municipality of 100

100 Nueva Valencia has a total mangrove cover of 147.72 hectares and is considered as the 2nd largest

100 mangrove area in the province of Guimaras (CEP data, 2004). Fisheries production in the munici-

100 pality was 2, 313.02 metric tons in 2008 (OMAS Nueva Valencia data, 2008). 100

100 Barangay of Dolores 50

50 Barangay Dolores is one of the 14 coastal barangays of Nueva Valencia and has a total land area of 50 , 40 421.76 hectares. It is bounded on the south by Barangay Tando and on the northwest by Barangay 50 , 40 Pandaraonan. As of 2009, the population of Dolores was 2055 and the total number of HH was 438.

75 Average HH size was 4.69. Fishing is considered the main source of income by at least 60% of the 75

75 , 66 HHs in Dolores. 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 4 105 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

The CMRP site which is Basyaw 50

Cove is in Barangay Dolores (encir- 50

cled in the map of Nueva Valencia). 100

Basyaw Cove is river like in nature 100

with sea water coming in from the 100

sea. The site is approximately 7.48 100 kilometers away from the munici- 100 pality of Nueva Valencia. 100 100

Basyaw Cove’s 6.4 hectares is pres- 100

ently planted with thin vegetation, 75 , 66

mostly Rhizophora species. The 75 , 66 75 cove is now used as entrance and 75 exit points as well as docking area for boats of fishers residing in the 50 , 40 50 , 40 area. A portion is now being used 50

for talaba culture. The area was 50

once a Fishpond Lease Agreement 100

(FLA) pond. However the FLA was 100 cancelled by BFAR in 2002 due to 100 non development of area and non 100 100 payment of dues. 100 100 100 C M PROPOSED USE 50 50 50 Y K 50

CHAPTER 2 50 , 40 50 , 40 Socio-Economic ProFilE oF mAJor STAKEholDErS 50 50

A. Population 100

Age. Majority (32%) of stakeholders in Dolores belong to age group 41-50 years old. Youngest is 26, 100 100 the oldest is 78 and average age is 48 years. 100

Civil status. Majority of the stakeholders are married (85%), 11% are widowed, 3% single and 1% 100 separated. 100 100

Religion. Majority of the 100 residents in Dolores are ei- 50 ther Aglipay (48%) or Ro- 50

man Catholic (43%). A few 100 ,

are Protestants (9%). 100 , 50 , 40

Ethnic group and lan- 50 , 40 50 guage spoken. Ninety seven per cent are Ilonggo. 50 100 The remaining 3% are either 100

Waray, Tagalog or Coyonen. 100

Majority speaks Hiligaynon 100

(48%). Some speak Hi- 100

ligaynon in combination with 100 100 FIGURE 3. Comparison of stakeholder’s age vs residency in Barangay another language (28.7%) Dolores, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras. or with 2 other languages 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 106 Appendix 4 100 100 100 (22%). Other languages spo- 100

100 ken are Coyonen, Waray, Ka-

100 ray-a, Tagalog, Cebuano. Only

100 1% of the respondents said

50 they speak Aklanon only. 50

50 , 40 Residency in the baran- 50 , 40 gay. Majority (78.9%) have 100 , resided in the barangay since 100 , birth. Eighteen per cent have 100 , transferred once while only 100 , 2% transferred residence 100 twice. Longest year of resi- 100 dence outside Dolores is 3

100 FIGURE 4. In-migration pattern in Dolores, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras years. Place of last residence 100 TABLE 1. Reasons for in-migration in Dolores, Nueva Valencia outside of Dolores of the ma- 100

100 Sex Number reasons for in-migration jority that transferred are

100 Male 9 Marriage the neighboring barangays 100 of Tando and Pandaraonan Female 17 Marriage 50 (35%). 50 50 , 40 The average age (48 years) is 50 , 40 more or less the same as the 100 , number of years of residence 100 ,

K (46 years) in Dolores. Y 50

50 The reasons for the change in 100

M residence are marriage (73%), C 100 death of partner, property (i.e.

100 lots) owned at home or to ac- 100 company a family member. 100

100 All the respondents stated

100 they do not have intentions to 100 transfer residence in the next FIGURE 5. Out-migration pattern in Dolores, Nueva Valencia 50 5 years.

50 TABLE 2. Reasons for out-migration in Dolores, Nueva Valencia 50 , 40 Migration pattern. Out- 50 , 40 Sex Number reasons for out-migration migration is higher than in- Male 31 Look for job, marriage 50 migration because of mar- 50 Female 39 Look for job, marriage riage and limited work op- 50 portunities in Dolores. Many 50 in-migrants were observed in 100

100 2009. Peak of out-migration

100 was in 2000 when residents

100 looked for work abroad/ out-

100 side of Dolores. 100

100 B. Education 100

50 Highest Educational Attain-

50 ment. Majority of the resi- 50 , 40

50 , 40 dents of Barangay Dolores have reached either the el- 75 ementary or high school level 75 75 , 66

75 , 66 FIGURE 6. Out-migration pattern in Dolores, Nueva Valencia 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 4 107 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 TABLE 3. Stakeholder’s Main Source of Income in Dolores, Nueva education only. Very few were 50

Valencia, Guimaras (n=90) able to start or graduate from 50

Main source of income Percentage college. 100 Farming 1.1 100 C. Dwelling and 100 Support from other family members 1.1 facilities 100 Business 7.8 100

1. Type of dwelling. Major- 100

Employment (crew, checker, seaman) 6.7 ity (44.4%) of the houses in 100

Fishing 62.2 Barangay Dolores are made 100

Fishing in combination with other livelihoods (farming, 12.2 of light materials, i.e., a com- 75 , 66

animal husbandry, carpentry, charcoal making, boat bination of nipa, cogon and 75 , 66 75 construction) bamboo. Only 16.7% of the 75 poultry raising 1.1 houses are made of concrete. 50 , 40 Others (vending, manicurista, carpentry, laundry, 7.8 The rest of the houses are a 50 , 40 dressmaking) combination of light and con- 50

crete materials (38.9%). 50 100 TABLE 4. Stakeholder’s other sources of income in Dolores, Nueva 2. Lighting facility. Sixty Valencia, Guimaras (n=90) 100

seven per cent (67%) of the 100 Main source of income Percentage houses in Dolores have elec- 100

Farming (alone or in combination with other livelihoods 15.6 tricity. The rest of the house- 100

e.g. livestock raising, copra making, carpentry, vending, holds (37%) use kerosene 100 business and remittance from family members) lamp, petromax/gas operated 100 100 Support from other members of the family 6.7 or a combination of both for C M 50 lighting. Business 3.3 50 50 Fishing 1.1 Y K

D. Income and income 50 Poultry raising (alone or in combination with remittance 2.2 sources from family members) 50 , 40 50 , 40 Livestock raising 8.9 1. Income level. In Dolores, 50

Carpentry 22.2 maximum monthly income 50

is P22,000.00, minimum is 100 Others (vending, laundry, dressmaking, driving, labourer, 31.1

P500.00 and average monthly 100 copra making, charcoal making, shell gleaning) income is P4,555.00. 100

no answer 8.9 100

2. Main source of income. 100

TABLE 5. Community perception of the economic status of HH in Majority (62.2%) of residents 100 Dolores, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras are engaged in fishing as the 100

main source of income. Oth- 100

Category 50 ers combine fishing with other

Poor Average Better off 50 livelihoods, run their own • No work • Can eat 3 meals a • Has people working • plenty of children day for him business, are employed or 100 , • Cannot eat 3 meals • Able to send • Owns a house perform professional skills, 100 , a day children to school • Manages his own (e.g. carpentry, dressmaking). 50 , 40 50 , 40 • do not own land • not pressured business Average income from main 50

earning for income • Owns car/ with sources is P2,000.00/ month. 50

driver 100 • Can buy any food 3. Other sources of in- 100

the family likes come. Majority (31.1%) of 100

HH number/ percentage per category HHs engage in other forms 100

54 321 75 of livelihood for supplemen- 100

12% 71% 17% tary income. Carpentry is 100 also a skill possessed by some 100

Total HHs categorized = 450 100 (22.2%) HHs in Dolores. HHs 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 108 Appendix 4 100 100 100 TABLE 6. Average HH expenses/ month in Dolores, Nueva Valencia, with farm lands engage in 100

100 Guimaras farming in combination with

100 Item Amount (P) Percentage other livelihoods (15.6%).

100 Average income from other Education 400.00 10.7

50 sources is P1,000.00/ month.

50 Health 500.00 13.4 50 , 40

50 , 40 Food 2,250.00 60.2 E. Economics

100 , Clothing 200.00 5.3 Economic status. FGD par- 100 , Miscellaneous 200.00 5.3 ticipants determined the eco- 100 , nomic status of all the HHs 100 , electricity 80.00 2.1 using the wealth ranking tool. 100 Water 0.00 0 HH categories were defined as 100 House repair 100.00 2.7 poor, average/ middle income 100

100 Others 7.00 .2 and better off. A set of criteria

100 was listed per category. Total 3,737.00 ~100.0 100 Majority of the HHs in Dolo- 100 TABLE 7. Sources of credit (n=90) in Dolores, Nueva Valencia, res are average income earn- 100 Guimaras. ers (71%). Twelve per cent and 50

50 Credit facility Percentage 17% are considered poor and 50 , 40 better off, respectively. 50 , 40 Banks 11.1

100 , Credit cooperatives 10 Expenses. Majority of HH 100 , expenses is for food (60.2%).

K Relatives and friends 47.8 Secondary expenses are on Y 50 Usurers 5.6 50 health (13.4%) and education 100 M Lending institutions 3.3 (10.7%). Minimal expenses C 100 Combination of 2-3 credit facilities 13.3 are spent on clothing (5.3%), 100 miscellaneous (5.3%), elec- 100 Suki 5.6 tricity (2.1%) and house repair 100 none 3.3 (2.7%). No amount is spent on 100 water since majority of the HH 100

100 use deep well as water source.

50 Savings and credit. Majority of residents (76%) do not have savings, as income can barely cover 50

50 , 40 the daily home expenses. Only 17% of HHs said they have savings. 50 , 40 Majority (47.8%) of the households in Dolores borrow money from relatives and friends. A few

50 (5.6%) resort to borrowing money from usurers. Others (13.3%) borrow from a combination of 2-3

50 credit facilities. A few (3.3%) do not borrow money. 50

50 Among the HHs that borrow money, for 48% no specific repayment period is set, 33% have specific

100 time and interest rate set, 16% have specific time with no interest rate charged while the remaining

100 2.3% have no time nor interest rate set. 100

100 Only 29 HHs (32%) reported that interest rates were charged from their borrowed money. The

100 interest rates charged is 14%-20% for 6 months (44.8%), 20% in 1-2 months (24.1%), 5%-25% in a

100 year (13.8%), 20% daily (3.4%), 2% per month (6.9%) and 5% weekly for 2 years (6.9%). 100

100 Properties

50 1. House ownership and acquisition. Ninety eight per cent of residents owned their houses. 50

50 , 40 Of this number, majority (93%) built their own houses, 6% inherited parents’ houses while only

50 , 40 1% bought existing houses.

75 2. Home lot ownership. Sixty six per cent (66%) of the residents owned the lots where the hous- 75

75 , 66 es are built while 34% do not. 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 4 109 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

3. Farm land ownership. Only 16% 50

of the HHs own a parcel of farm land. 50

Among the HHs with farm land, 72% 100

own the land, 21% lease the land 100

while 7% are tenants. Average size of 100

farm land owned is 4 hectares. 100 100

Socio-economic skills. Majority of 100

the skills of the respondents are selling 100

or related to professional practice (51%). 100

Some skills are farming and related ac- 75 , 66

tivities such as livestock and copra mak- 75 , 66 75 ing (29%). Sixteen percent are skilled 75 carpenters while only 2% are labourers. 50 , 40 50 , 40 F. Health and Sanitation 50 50

1. Toilet facility. Ninety two per 100 cent (92%) of the HHs have toilets. 100

Among the HHs with toilets, 81% 100

have water sealed toilet types, 8% 100

antipolo and 4% open pit types. Ma- 100

FIGURE 7. Socio-economic skills of households in Dolores, jority of the HHs without toilet facili- 100 Nueva Valencia, Guimaras. ties use their father’s toilets (43%); 100 100 the rest of the HHs uses the forest C M 50 TABLE 8. Daily food consumption pattern in Dolores, Nueva for human waste disposal (28.6%), Valencia, Guimaras 50 50 neighbors toilet (14.2%) or commu- Y Breakfast Lunch Dinner K nal toilet facility (14.2%). 50 Rice, fish, bread, Rice, fish/ shells, Rice, fish/ shells, 2. Source of potable water. Major- 50 , 40 banana, eggs vegetables, meat shrimp paste 50 , 40 (ginamos), dried ity (93.3%) of the residents have 50

fish, salt deep well as water source. The rest 50

of the HHs get water from artesian 100

wells (2.2%), barangay water system (2.2%), spring (1.1%) or a combination of spring and deep 100 well (1.1%). 100 100

3. Garbage disposal. Mode of garbage disposal of the majority (64%) of HHs is burning. The 100

rest of the HH throw garbage 100 in the pit and burn (20%) or 100 throw in the family/commu- 100 50 nity pit to decompose (16%). 50

4. Nutrition. The percent- 100 ,

age of malnourished children 100 ,

in the last 3 years as per Ba- 50 , 40 50 , 40

rangay Health Worker record 50

is 2%. There was no recorded 50

child born below 2 kilograms 100

in the last 3 years. The daily 100

food consumption pattern of 100

HHs is shown in Table 8. 100 100

Fish and shells are part of the 100

HH daily food items as these 100

are abundant in the area and 100 FIGURE 8. Trend line of illness in Dolores, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 110 Appendix 4 100 100 100 are not bought. Vegetable consumption is at most 4x per week sourced from backyard gardens 100

100 or bought from the market. Meat is eaten once a week and generally bought in the capital town

100 of Alibhon or at times during celebrations/ festivities where meat is served (slaughtered pigs or

100 cows raised at home).

50 5. Trend line of illness. There was no reported epidemic in the last 3 years. Illnesses commonly 50

50 , 40 experienced are typhoid, diarrhea, skin related diseases and respiratory illness (pneumonia, 50 , 40 asthma). Dengue was reported to have occurred in 2000-2004 because of stagnant water and 100 , dirty surroundings. Hypertension and diabetes were also reported in recent years. 100 , 100 ,

100 , CHAPTER 3

100 mAnGrovES AnD PhySicochEmicAl PArAmETErS 100

100 A survey of the biophysical characteristics of Basyaw Cove was conducted in February 2010. 100 100

100 A. Water and soil quality

100 Three sampling stations were set up for the physico-chemical parameters in Basyaw. The average 100 water salinity was 36.2 ppt, pH was neutral (7.0) and temperature averaged 27.9 °C. 50 50 50 , 40 B. Mangroves 50 , 40 TABLE 9. Physico-chemical data in Basyaw Cove, Nueva Valencia

100 , Mangrove patches, mostly Avi-

100 , cennia and Rhizophora spe- Dolores, nueva valencia, Guimaras K cies totalling 4.5 hectares are Y 50 date of sampling : 10 Feb 09

50 found in Dolores specifically Salinity Temperature Benthic

100 Replicate pH M inside Basyaw Cove. During (ppt) (°C) fauna C 100 the biophysical survey con- A. Water 100 ducted, mangroves found in 100 the cove comprised 10 species 1 7.00 36.5 27.7 100 of true mangroves belonging to 2 7.00 36.0 28.0 100 4 families and 6 genera -- Fam- 3 7.00 36.0 27.9 100

100 ily Avicenniaceae represented Mean 7.00 36.2 27.9 by Avicennia marina (AM) 50 B. Soil

50 and A. officinalis (AO), Family 50 , 40 1 6.87 40.00 28.00 shells Combretaceae represented by 50 , 40 Lumnitzera racemosa (LR) and 2 6.87 39.00 28.50 shells

50 L. littorea, Family Rhizopho- 3 6.87 40.00 28.10 shells 50 raceae composed of Brugui- Mean 6.87 39.67 28.20 50 era cylindrical (BC), Ceriops

50 % Organic Matter (Walkley and Black Method): 19.68% decandra, Rhizophora apicu- 100

100 lata (RA), R. mucronata and R. FIGURE 9. Mangrove Species in Basyaw Cove, Nueva Valencia

100 stylosa, and Family Sonnerati-

100 aceae represented by Sonnera-

100 tia alba. 100

100 Soil in Basyaw Cove had aver-

100 age soil pH of 6.87, salinity of

50 39.67 ppt and temperature of

50 28.20 °C. Benthic fauna found 50 , 40

50 , 40 were mostly shells. Organic matter content of the soil was 75 19.68%.

75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 4 111 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 C. Mangrove-based livelihood Mangrove species commonly found in Basyaw Cove 50 50 Basyaw Cove is home to native birds, Scientific name Common name 100 snakes and monitor lizard. Shells, Avicennia marina apiapi, bungalon 100

fishes and shrimps are likewise abun- Avicennia officinalis apiapi, bungalon 100 dant in the cove where many fishers Lumnitzera littorea tabao, libato 100 depend for livelihood. Lumnitzera racemosa tabao, culasi 100 An estimated 62% of the residents Bruguiera cylindrica pototan 100 100 in Dolores have been harvesting tra- Bruguiera gymnorrhiza pototan 100 ditionally from the mangroves. The Ceriops decandra baras-baras, lapis-lapis 75 , 66 average number of years of harvest- Rhizophora apiculata bakhaw lalaki 75 , 66 ing from the mangroves is 7.5. In a Rhizophora mucronata bakhaw babae 75 year, 5 months are spent and in a Rhizophora stylosa bakhaw bato 75

month, 5 days are spent in harvest- Aegiceras floridum sagingsaging 50 , 40

ing mangrove resources. One hour 50 , 40 Pemphis acidula bantigi 50 per day is spent in harvesting from Sonneratia alba pagatpat 50

the mangroves. Forty seven per cent 100 of mangrove harvesters learned the TABLE 10. Mode of selling mangrove products in Dolores, 100

skill from family members while 33% Nueva Valencia, Guimaras (n=56) 100

learned it on their own. Almost 60% 100

of the harvest from mangroves are Mode of selling Percentage 100

sold to consumers and consumed at Sell directly to consumers 8.9 100 100 home. process for selling 3.6 100 C M In order to rehabilitate Basyaw Cove, Home consumption 10.7 50

mangrove replanting was done by 50 50 Sell to vendors or traders and home consumption 1.8 Y

KAMAMADO in 2004 and 2005 by K planting 20,000 bakhaw propagules Sell to consumers and home consumption 58.9 50

in a 2-hectare area. However, due to Sell to fish vendors or trader, sell directly to 16.0 50 , 40

costumers and home consumption 50 , 40 oil spill, Typhoon Frank and tagim- 50

tim (barnacle) infestation, most of the 50

planted bakhaw died thus requiring an immediate rehabilitation of the cove. 100 100 100

CHAPTER 4 100 STATUS OF FISHERIES 100 100

The total coastline length of 100 100

Barangay Dolores is estimated 50

at 4.5 kilometers and fishing is 50 considered the main source of livelihood of 441 fisherfolk as of 100 , 2008 registry. 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40

The average number of years 50

spent in fishing is 20. Fishers in 50

Dolores spend 9 months in fish- 100

ing in a year while 16 days are 100

spent in fishing in a month. On 100

the average only 1 hour per day 100 is spent fishing. Gear commonly 100 use in fishing are nets. Catch of 100 FIGURE 10. Trends in Harvest of Fishery Resources in Barangay 100

Dolores, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 112 Appendix 4 100 100 100 the majority of fishers is sold directly to consumers or consumed at home. Average HH monthly 100

100 income of fishers is P4505.

100 In the recently concluded PRA data survey by the community, decreasing trend in the harvest of 100 fish, shells, crustaceans and other marine organisms (e.g. sea urchin, squid and octopus) was ob- 50 served for the period 1970-2009. The number of HHs that depend on the resource for livelihood has 50

50 , 40 doubled in 39 years time, i.e., 150 in 1970 to 304 in 2009. 50 , 40

100 , Most of the methods used in fishing (traditional hook and line, nets, traps, fish corral, diving/spear

100 , fishing) have not changed.

100 , Many residents believe that the introduction of illegal fishing methods (spraying powder of derris 100 , root to stupefy fishes, dynamite fishing) in recent years and the increasing number of families that 100 depend on the fishery resource for livelihood have contributed to its decline. 100

100 The 2006 Oil Spill which damaged the habitat of marine organisms was also considered one of the

100 main factors for poor harvest. Despite this scenario, the species of fish and shellfish that are found in

100 Dolores have not changed nor were there reports of species that have disappeared (Table 11). 100

100 Fishers consider declining fish catch the number 1 problem (confirmed in the FGD output, issue and

100 problem matrix). Other problems include fishing inside the Coral Garden, indiscriminate cutting

50 of mangroves and destruction of coral reefs and sea grass beds by extraction and use of destructive 50

50 , 40 fishing methods (Table 12). 50 , 40 TABLE 11. Species Most Commonly Caught in Barangay Dolores. 100 ,

100 , Fish Bullet tuna, lagaw, goatfish, samara, tambilawan, maya-maya, lison, mangagat, mullet, kintob, K turingan, ngisi-ngisi, pak-an, eto, indangan, parrot fish Y 50

50 Shells Sikad-sikad, sobra-sbra, litob, ponaw, pasyak, baka-baka, clams, toway, manok-manok, 100 M bagongon, koring-koring, soliot, capiz-capiz, botlog C 100 Crustaceans Lobster, shrimp, blue crab, mud crab, dawat, kaway, alikomo, kalampay 100

100 Others tirik, squid, tayong, octupos, cuttlefish, tabogok, tamala, puffer fish, karatongan 100

100 TABLE 12. Fisher’s problems and issues matrix. 100

100 Problem Rank Causes recommendations

50 Decreasing fish catch 1 Increase in population/ fishers, oil • Require all HH to attend family 50

50 , 40 spill, illegal fishing methods (poison, planning information campaign

50 , 40 compressor) sessions • Enforce law on banning of 50 compressor/illegal fishing 50 disappearing mangrove 3 Conversion to fishponds, • Reforestation/planting 50

50 forest indiscriminate cutting, used as • DENR must strictly enforce with

100 firewood/charcoal the cooperation of the community

100 laws against indiscriminate cutting

100 Fishing inside the Coral 2 Absence of policy as basis for Pass policy/law for no fishing inside 100 Garden apprehension the Coral Garden 100 disappearing sea grasses 4 Use of beach seine, illegal coral Community must be vigilant in 100 and corals extraction patrol operations/protection 100 100

50 Fishing is the livelihood of 62% of residents in Dolores. Among these fishing HHs, 52% learned fish-

50 ing skills from family members (i.e., father, grandfather, elders). Some learned fishing on their own 50 , 40

50 , 40 (39%). Others learned how to fish from friends, relatives, neighbours and people from other places (9%). 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 126 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 4 113 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

The fishing HHs interviewed stated that income derived is 50-75% (35.6%), 25-50% (25.6%), less 50

than 25% (23.3%) and 76-100% (11.1%). Four per cent have no answer. 50 Current Management Practices 100 100

The LGU of Nueva Valencia created the Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management Section under 100

the Office of the Municipal Agricultural Services (OMAS) to provide the following services: 100 100

1. Regulatory, Fishery Law Enforcement, Permits/ Licensing 100 100 Services provided under this section are operations of the Bantay Dagat, issuance of permits 100 (business and permit to operate) and licenses, registration of fisherfolk and fish workers, reg- istration of fishing vessels (3 gross tons and below) and recommending issuance of auxiliary 75 , 66 75 , 66 invoices. 75 75 Data in 2009 showed a dramatic increase in number of apprehensions made, number of fisher- folk apprehended and the amount of penalty paid. The increase indicates fisherfolk’s aggressive- 50 , 40 50 , 40 ness in implementing fishery laws. In 2009 total penalty collected amounted to P1, 050, 500.00 50

for 30 apprehensions of 65 fishing boats and 252 crew members’. 50 100 In 2009, the total number of registered boat operators was 252, total number of registered fish- 100

ing boats was 270 while total number of fishing gears registered was 204. The amount paid for 100

licenses and Mayor’s permit amounted to P211, 945.00. An increase in fishing boat registration 100

was observed from 2007 to 2009 which is 206 and 270 boats, respectively registered in those 100

years. 100 100 100 C M 50 50 50 Y K 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

FIG. 11. Map of nueva Valencia showing area of Municipal Waters 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 114 Appendix 4 100 100 100 Gears and business registration declined from 327 in 2007 to 196 in 2008 because of decreased 100

100 fish catches so the fisherfolk could not afford renewal of gear registration that year. Fees were ad-

100 justed and approved in June 2009 upon the recommendation of the MFARMC hence an increase

100 in gear registration (of 204) was already observed in 2009.

50 Fisherfolk registration likewise increased from 5,189 in 2007, 5,283 in 2008 to 6,177 in 2009 50

50 , 40 indicating an increase in the number of people dependent on fishing for livelihood. 50 , 40

100 , 2. Aquaculture and Coastal Development 100 , Profiling of fishponds, fish pens and cages including special projects is conducted under this sec- 100 , tion. 100 ,

100 Four fishpond operators with total pond area of 32.8 hectares were recorded in Nueva Valencia.

100 There are 4 fish cage, 1 fish pen and 1 oyster farm operators occupying an area of 4,910 square

100 meters. A successful bangus cage culture was recorded in Barangay Igang where harvest during

100 first cycle was 10 tons and during the 2nd cycle was 12 tons. 100

100 Seaweed culture which was introduced to beneficiaries in Barangay Dolores and Panobolon Is-

100 land was not successful for a variety of reasons hence production was stopped and reprogrammed

100 to start in the coming months. 50

50 3. Institutional and Livelihood Development 50 , 40

50 , 40 This section is responsible for facilitating consultations, dialogues, trainings and seminars, ac-

100 , tivities of FARMCs and organization of fisherfolk. 100 ,

K Municipal FARMCs conducted regular monthly meetings from which 5 resolutions and 4 mu- Y 50 nicipal ordinances were legislated. Among the municipal ordinances passed were Municipal Or- 50 dinance #6 series 2005 or the Municipal Fishery Ordinance of Nueva Valencia, Municipal Ordi- 100 M

C nance #5 series of 2009 establishing operation and maintenance of Igang Bay Marine Sanctuary. 100

100 Twenty fisherfolk associations were recognized by OMAS as of December 2009. Sixteen trainings 100 related to coastal resources management were facilitated by OMAS in 2008-2009. 100 100

100 CHAPTER 5 100 communiTy AwArEnESS 50 50 50 , 40 1. Presence and names of organizations. Eighty seven percent of HHs are aware of organi- 50 , 40 zations/ NGOs present in the community while 7.8% are not aware. The rest of the HHs had no

50 answer. KAMAMADO, BFARMC, SEAK, TSKI and BDTC were some of the organizations men- 50 tioned. Some agencies of the government, e.g., BFAR, DOH, DENR, PEC, DEpEd, DA were men- 50 tioned as organizations mainly because of their projects in the community. Projects mentioned 50 were related to conservation, e.g., CRM, mangrove rehabilitation, Coral Garden (47.4); health 100

100 and sanitation, e.g., water supply, Clean and Green Program (28.2%); tourism (14.1%); trainings

100 and seminars (7.7%) and livelihoods, e.g., SEAK and TSKI loans (2.5%). 100 2. Family problems and suggested solutions. Majority (67.8%) of family problems are fi- 100 nancial in nature. Other problems are unemployment (1.1%), poor fish catch (4.4%) to mention 100 a few. Suggested solutions to family problems are introduction/ implementation of livelihood 100

100 projects (34.4%), hard work (24.4%) and assistance from the government (7.8%), among many

50 others. 50

50 , 40 3. Community problems and suggested solutions. The top 3 community problems are inef- 50 , 40 ficient/ inadequate infrastructure facilities (28.9%), presence of illegal activities (21.1%) and lack of livelihood (14.4%). 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 4 115 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 TABLE 13. Community problems in Dolores, Nueva Valencia, Majority of the HHs consider 50

Guimaras (n=90) policy enforcement (24.4%) as 50

an important solution to com- 100 Community problems Percentage munity problems. Livelihoods/ 100

Lack of livelihoods/ financial problem 14.4 income generating projects im- 100 Inadequate information on mangrove conservation 1.1 plementation are likewise con- 100 sidered by the 14.4% of HHs to 100

Poor infrastructure (lack of road maintenance, 28.9 100 solve unemployment problems inadequate electricity/ streetlights, damaged canal, no 100 of the community. Others rec- market, water shortage) 100 ommend allocation of budget

Illegal activities (illegal/ dynamite fishing, cutting of 21.1 75 , 66 for repair and maintenance

mangroves, gambling, use of compressor) 75 , 66 of infrastructure facilities e.g. 75

Theft/ community trouble 6.7 street lights, water system and 75

Decreasing fish catch 1.1 road (11.1%) and want LGU 50 , 40

support extended to the com- 50 , 40 Family conflict/ lack of unity 3.3 50 munity (12.2%). Dirty environment/ environmental hazard 2.2 50 100 none 1.1 4. Public announcements. Majority (91.1%) of the re- 100 no answer 20.0 spondents stated they noticed 100 Total ~100.0 public announcements posted 100 100 in the Barangay hall. Govern- TABLE 14. Solutions to community problems in Dolores, Nueva 100

ment officials were responsible 100 Valencia, Guimaras (n=90)

for making the announcements 100 C M Suggested solutions Percentage (88.9%). 50 50 50 Livelihoods/ projects implementation 14.4 5. Information received Y K

and its sources. Informa- 50 Mangrove rehabilitation 2.2 tion received by the majority of parental guidance 3.3 stakeholders consist of fishing 50 , 40 50 , 40 Cooperation among community members 4.4 laws, policies and procedures, 50 Allocate budget (for streetlights/ water system repair, 11.1 credit, environment, livestock 50 100 road maintenance) raising, fisheries resource man- agement, farming, fishing tech- 100 enforce policies 24.4 100 nology and IEC. Information LGU support 12.2 100

on leadership and manage- 100

Information dissemination 1.1 ment, fish processing, aquacul- 100

Water conservation 1.1 ture, marketing, project devel- 100

opment and management and 100

none 2.2 50 enterprise development and no answer 23.3 management are received by 50

Total ~100.0 a few. Government organiza- 100 ,

tions (GO) provide most of the 100 ,

information. 50 , 40 50 , 40 6. Fisheries/ mangrove related concerns. Majority of the stakeholders concern is the absence 50 of a municipal ordinance to protect the mangroves (27.8%) and the continuous destruction of the 50 100 mangroves (23.3%). People’s lack of information and knowledge (18.9%) and the limited assistance 100

provided by various groups (12.2%) is also a major concern among some people. Other concerns 100 are the lack of interest of people to plant (5.5%) and the presence of destructive and illegal fishing 100

practices (5.5%). The remaining 6.7% do not have any concern at all. 100

7. Observed changes in coastal environment and mangroves in the last 5 years and its 100 100 effects. Majority (78.9%) has observed changes in the coastal areas and mangroves in the last 5 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 116 Appendix 4 100 100 100 TABLE 15. Types of information received and sources in Dolores, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras. 100 100 yes No No answer 100 Major sources of Type of information 100 Percentage information

50 Fishing laws, policies and procedures 65.6 3.3 31.1 NGO, PO 50 50 , 40 Credit 50.0 14.4 35.6 private persons 50 , 40

100 , environment 61.1 4.4 34.4 GO

100 , Livestock raising 53.3 14.4 32.2 GO 100 ,

100 , Fisheries resource management 53.3 5.6 41.1 GO Farming 31.1 27.8 41.1 GO 100

100 Leadership and management 13.3 35.6 51.1 GO 100 Fishing technology 40.0 30.0 30.0 GO 100

100 Fish processing 11.1 37.8 51.1 GO 100 Aquaculture 11.1 38.9 50.0 GO 100

100 Marketing 11.1 36.7 52.2 GO, private persons

50 project development and management 17.8 32.2 50.0 GO 50

50 , 40 Information, education and communication 40.0 23.3 36.7 GO 50 , 40 enterprise development and management 4.4 41.1 54.4 GO 100 , 100 , K Y 50 years. Some (21.1%) has not ob- year Important Events

50 served changes. 1970 ------Big bungalon and bakhaw still present, plenty of 100 M mangrove clams, of fish and shrimps C 100 Some of the observed negative 1975 ------Area was converted by Andrada into a fish pond, all 100 effects of the majority are de- the mangroves were cut, barangay residents made 100 creased in fish catch (74.6%) a petition 100 and mangrove destruction 1985 ------Andrada was driven out of the area, Juanillo Castro 100 due to red tide, illegal fishing took over. The fish pond was renovated and marine 100 and water pollution (7%). On resources disappeared 100 a positive note, some (12.7%) 1987 ------people were not given right of way and could not 50 pass through the area including fishers. Castro 50 observed that resources were 50 , 40 rehabilitated in the last 5 years. left due to poor production and high cost of 50 , 40 The rest of the respondents did maintaining dikes because of strong water current.

50 not answer the question (5.6%). 1988-1997 ------Basyaw Cove was abandoned

50 1998 ------KAMAMAdO was organized by 47 members with Many events happened in 50 the aim of improving Basyaw Cove

50 Basyaw Cove in the last 5 years. 2002 ------Cancellation of JCastro FLA

100 Big mangroves were cut down 2004-2005 ------7 members started planting; only 5,000 of 20,000 100 because of private interests to planted survived because the shell gleaners 100 convert the area into fish pond. uprooted the newly planted mangroves 100 But the residents persisted in 2006 ------Oil Spill incident; mangroves (bakhaw) died due 100 driving away these persons who

100 to bunker fuel; Petron cleaned the coastal area, devastated the area. The FLA fishing and swimming in the area was banned; 100 people were given relief goods, alternative 100 cancellation in 2002 encour- livelihoods and taught communal gardening

50 aged for the newly organized

50 fisherfolk to rehabilitate the 2007 ------Fisherfolk were paid damages by Petron 50 , 40 area. Planting of mangroves 2008 ------Mangroves and marine resources slowly 50 , 40 started in 2004, however, the recovering; catches increasing

75 Oil Spill incident in 2006 again FIGURE 13: Timeline of Basyaw Cove, Dolores, Nueva Valencia, 75

75 , 66 Guimaras 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 4 117 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

destroyed the newly planted mangroves. The area to date is slowly recuperating with the fisherfolk 50

more determined to rehabilitate the area. Gradually increases in fish, shrimp and shell catches have 50

been observed. 100

8. Community perceptions of mangrove situation 100 100

a. At present. Majority (37.8%) of HHs perceive that mangroves are destroyed by illegal activities 100 and water pollution, occupies a wide area where Rhizophora sp. are already tall and productive 100 (15.5%), area is big but not fully developed and planted (16.7%), or still being developed with 100 100 continuous planting (11.1%). Nineteen percent of HHs do not know about mangroves or have no 100 answer to the question. 75 , 66

b. Five years from now. Many (42.2%) fishers envision that proper protection and continuous 75 , 66 75 planting will be assure them of bountiful harvest of fish, shells and shrimps. Others (26.7%) vi- 75 sualize a fully developed/ thick forest with variety of mangroves species planted in Basyaw Cove. On a negative note however, 12.2% of HHs see that plenty of marine resources will disappear if il- 50 , 40 50 , 40 legal fishing/ water pollution will continue. The rest 18.9% of HHs don’t know or have no answer. 50 9. Vulnerability to storms and calamities. Residents feel that the worst calamity happened 50 100 during the 2006 Oil Spill incident since this caused severe damage to the corals, seagrass beds and 100

mangroves and resulted in decreased income of fishers due to poor fish catches and worse, a ban on 100

fishing. 100 100 100 100 100 C M 50 50 50 Y K 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

FIGURE 14. Trend line of community’s vulnerability to storms and calamities 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 118 Appendix 4 100 100 100 10. Beliefs, myths and folk- TABLE 16. Type of assistance received 100

100 lore on environment. Ma- yes No

100 jority (51.2%) are not aware Type of assistance received

100 of existing beliefs, myths and Percentage

50 folklore on environment in Assistance on law enforcement 76.7 23.4

50 their communities while the 50 , 40 Technical assistance 60.0 40.0

50 , 40 rest are. Legal assistance 44.4 55.5 100 , 11. Assistance received. 100 , Material and financial 72.2 27.8 Majority received material and 100 , financial assistance on law en- Rehabilitation assistance 73.3 26.6 100 , forcement, rehabilitation and environmental management assistance 73.3 26.7 100 environmental management.

100 Referral assistance 51.1 48.9 Some have received technical 100 support and referrals. 100

100 12. Illegal activities 100

100 a. Types. Majority of il-

100 legal activities identified

50 are those related to illegal 50

50 , 40 fishing (60%), while some

50 , 40 (11%) identified illegal ac-

100 , tivities related to the per-

100 , sons and community (e.g. K drugs, gambling, theft, Y 50

50 drunkenness). Mangroves 100

M are still being destroyed by C 100 a few (8%). It is worthy to

100 note that a sizeable number 100 (19%) have no knowledge of FIGURE 15. Types of illegal activities observed in Barangay Dolores. 100 illegal activities in the area. 100

100 b. People involved. Majority of the people involved in illegal activities are from the Barangay 100 (23.3%) and fishermen (23.3%). Students/ minors (11.1%) are likewise considered to be involved

50 in illegal activities such as drugs, theft and fraternity activities. Many outsiders (20%) are be- 50

50 , 40 lieved to be involved in illegal activities among others. 50 , 40 c. Suggested actions. Majority (51.1%) suggests to fully enforce laws to get rid of illegal activities.

50 The rest suggest that the government provide work, stop illegal practices, not to sell alcoholic 50 drinks, do night watch, encourage people to cooperate and officials should take action. A higher 50 percentage have no answer to the question. 50

100 13. Policies 100

100 a. Presence

100 a.1 Ordinance to stop illegal fishing. Majority (92.2%) are aware that Nueva Valencia has

100 passed an ordinance to stop illegal fishing; the rest (7.8%) are not aware. 100 a.2 Ordinance to stop illegal activities in the mangroves. Majority (86.7%) of the com- 100 munity are aware of the municipal ordinance to stop illegal activities in the mangroves, 11.1% 100 do not know while the remaining 2.2% said that the municipality have no such ordinance. 50

50 b. Enforcement. Majority (70%) stated that ordinances are enforced while 10% said they are not. 50 , 40

50 , 40 Twenty percent stated they do not know if the ordinances are enforced.

75 c. Effectiveness. Fifty per cent of the respondents observe enforcement to be effective, however

75 28.9% observe enforcement is not effective. Twenty percent do not know if enforcement is ef- 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 4 119 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

fective and only 1.1% found 50

enforcement to be very ef- 50

fective. 100

B. Institutional linkage 100 100 and support. The Venn dia- 100

gram below shows that the Ba- 100

rangay Council and DA-BFAR 100

are the institutions that pro- 100

vided the most assistance to 100

KAMAMADO. The DOT has 75 , 66

the smallest and farthest circle 75 , 66 75 from Barangay Dolores since 75 the agency was blamed for nar- rowing the passageway in the 50 , 40 50 , 40 heritage site. 50 DA-BFAR/ Bgy.Council - Pro- 50 100 vided much assistance to 100

KAMAMADO 100 FIGURE 16. Institutional linkage and support to KAMAMADO

DSWD - Provided capital to 100

residents 100 TABLE 17. 24-hour clock activity of women in Dolores, Nueva DENR - Helped in their small Valencia, Guimaras 100 way 100 100 Tourism (DOT) - Passageway Time Activity C M 50 was narrowed 4am - wake up, water the plants 50 50 Municipal LGU - Extended 5am - cook food for breakfast, fetch water Y K

support to the programs 6am - eat breakfast, tender the animals, feed the chicken, 50 LGU Province - Level of assis- feed the children tance between DA-BFAR 50 , 40

7am - clean the house, take a bath 50 , 40 and DENR 50 8-9am - wash clothes, feed the pigs, buy rice and viand 50

C. Women’s participation 10am - cook food for lunch 100

and access to mangrove 11am - put animals in shelter 100

resources. Despite the many 100 12nn - eat lunch, wash plates, rest a little domestic roles that women 100

1-2pm - listen to radio, watch TV, sew clothes, sell snack 100 perform, they still have time foods, glean shells if low tide, fold dry clothes, gather to earn income for the fam- 100

firewood, make mats, cross stitch 100 ily. Women perform domestic

3-4 - clean the house, gather coconut fronds, get materials 100

functions 18 hours a day (Table for charcoal, make thatch nipa, weeding the plants, 50

11). tender animals, fetch wáter, wáter the plants, relax a 50 little, gardening, vend fish, feed the chickens, get Women take active roles in 100 , washed clothes

community activities mainly by 100 ,

participating in meetings. The 4-6pm - get animals, look for food for supper, feed the pigs, 50 , 40 cook food 50 , 40 participation of women in fish- 50 6-7pm - eat supper, watch TV, help children with assignments,

ing activities focus on actual 50 make mats, rest fishing activity (alone or with 100 7-8pm - wash plates, bathe children, check animals, pray, the husband) i.e. fishing with 100

prepare materials for selling snack food, collect fish fry, 100 the use of nets, fishing at night, send children to sleep shell gleaning and husking co- 100 8-10pm - watch TV 100 conuts. These activities earn women: P200.00, P1,150.00, 10pm-1am - watch/ check children while asleep 100 100 P100.00 and P200.00 respec- 10pm-4am - sleep 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 120 Appendix 4 100 100 100 tively. Activities which give TABLE 18. Trainings attended of stakeholders in Dolores, Nueva 100

100 women access to mangroves is Valencia, Guimaras

100 shell gleaning 3 times a week at Type of training Yes no no answer

100 3-4 hours per gleaning activity. percentage 50 Trainings

50 Fishing laws, policies and 31.1 31.1 37.8 50 , 40 procedures

50 , 40 a. Attended. Majority (31%-

100 , 52%) of the respondents Credit 31.1 37.8 31.1

100 , did not answer the ques- environment 28.9 35.6 35.6

100 , tion about trainings were Livestock raising 27.8 31.1 41.1 100 , attended. Thirty one to Fisheries resource management 22.2 34.4 43.3

100 fourty six percent have not

100 attended any training. A few Farming 22.2 34.4 43.3

100 (20%-31%) have attended Leadership and management 5.6 44.4 50.0 100 trainings on fishing laws

100 Fishing technology 27.8 38.9 33.3 and policies, credit, envi- 100 ronment, livestock raising, Fish processing 5.6 43.3 51.1 100 fisheries resource manage- Aquaculture 1.1 46.7 52.2 100 ment and fishing technol-

50 Marketing 5.6 43.3 51.1

50 ogy. Trainings not attended 50 , 40 (11% and lower) were on project development and 11.1 38.9 50.0

50 , 40 management leadership, fish processing, 100 , aquaculture, marketing, Information, education and 11.1 40.0 48.9 100 , communication

K project development, IEC Y 50 and enterprise development enterprise development and 2.2 45.6 52.2 50 and management. management 100 M C 100 b. Needs. Majority expressed TABLE 19. Training needs of stakeholders in Dolores, Nueva Valencia, 100 the need for training except Guimaras 100 those on leadership and Type of training Yes no no answer 100 management, aquaculture, 100 marketing and enterprise percentage 100 Fishing laws, policies and 52.2 13.3 34.4 100 development and manage- ment. procedures 50

50 Credit 30.0 27.8 42.2 50 , 40

50 , 40 environment 48.9 11.1 40.0 Livestock raising 64.4 10.0 25.6 50

50 Fisheries resource management 43.3 13.3 43.3

50 Farming 34.4 20.0 45.6 50

100 Leadership and management 14.4 31.1 54.4

100 Fishing technology 47.8 20.0 32.2 100

100 Fish processing 32.2 24.4 43.3

100 Aquaculture 10.0 37.8 52.2 100 Marketing 20.0 25.6 54.4 100

100 project development and 25.6 22.2 52.2 management 50

50 Information, education and 42.2 18.9 38.9 50 , 40

50 , 40 communication enterprise development and 12.2 30.0 57.8 75 management 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 5 121 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Appendix 5. Katunggan it Ibajay Ecopark Business Plan 50 50 100

KATunGGAn iT iBAJAy EcoPArK 100

Business Plan 2012 - 2017 100

Barangays Naisud-Bugtongbato, Ibajay, Aklan, Philippines 100 100 100 100

CONTENTS 100

1. Executive Summary ...... 3 75 , 66 75 , 66

a. Vision ...... 3 75

b. Objectives ...... 3 75 2. Marketing Plan ...... 4 a. Description of the Product ...... 4 50 , 40 50 , 40 b. Comparison of the Product with its Competitors ...... 5 50 c. Location ...... 5 50 d. Target Market ...... 6 100 e. Tour Fees ...... 7 100 100 f. Sales Forecast ...... 7 100

g. Promotional Measures ...... 8 100

3. Production Plan ...... 8 100

a. Fixed Capital ...... 8 100 100 b. Repair and Maintenance ...... 9 C M c. Planned Capacity ...... 9 50 4. Management Plan ...... 9 50 50 Y

a. Form of Business ...... 9 K b. Organizational Structure ...... 9 50

c. Roles and Responsibilities ...... 10 50 , 40 50 , 40 d. Staff Wages and Benefits ...... 10 50

e. Capacity Building and Trainings for Staff ...... 10 50

5. Financial Plan ...... 11 100

a. Profit and Loss Statement ...... 11 100 6. Appendices 100

a. Katunggan It Ibajay Ecopark Guidelines ...... 12 100 b. Katunggan It Ibajay Ecopark Flyer...... 13 100 c. Katunggan It Ibajay Ecopark Poster...... 14 100 100 d. Glossary of Terms ...... 15 100 50

i. EXEcuTivE SummAry 50 100 ,

Katunggan it Ibajay (KII) Ecopark has been a recognized destination for ecotourism experience. 100 ,

Domestic and international visitors are drawn to KII Ecopark by a combination of diverse natural 50 , 40

attractions and high quality ecotourism products. Two years from its launch in January 2010, a re- 50 , 40 50 view of the implementation of the Katunggan it Ibajay Ecopark Business Plan and extensive 50

consultation with key stakeholders indicated a clear need to update the Plan and continue efforts to 100

date in growing KII Ecopark’s ecotourism industry by providing a consistent direction for planning, 100

development, management and marketing. 100

The Katunggan it Ibajay Ecopark Business Plan 2012-2017 presents an updated vision, mission 100 100 and key objectives of the ecopark, reflecting development in the ecotourism industry and experience 100

gained since the launching in 2010. An updated set of Action Plans linked to each Key Objective 100

provide the specific projects and activities that will underpin successful implementation of the Ka- 100

tunggan it Ibajay Ecopark Business Plan 2012-2017. 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 122 Appendix 5 100 100 100 While substantial achievements have been made in the ecopark, there is a clear role for an updated 100

100 Katunggan it Ibajay Ecopark Business Plan to lead industry, local government unit, the community

100 and other stakeholders in the ongoing development of the ecotourism industry.

100 A variety of issues emerged from consultation with stakeholders involved in reviewing the Katung- 50 gan it Ibajay Ecopark Business Plan. Issues identified included the importance of continuing to 50

50 , 40 develop partnerships and communication between the ecotourism industry, government agencies, 50 , 40 academic institutions and other stakeholders, the need to regularly update ecotourism related re- 100 , search and the need to provide practical advice on how to achieve best practice / minimal impact 100 , operations. 100 ,

100 , The Katunggan it Ibajay Ecopark Business Plan 2012-2017 Action Plans include specific actions

100 that reflect the current needs of industry, government and the community and that are aimed at pro-

100 tecting and strengthening KII’s competitive position in the local and national ecotourism markets. 100 Vision 100

100 Katunggan it Ibajay Ecopark will be a notable ecotourism destination with local government, 100 community and private agency partnerships to promote mangrove conservation and helping 100 people around the globe experience nature interacting with culture. 100

50 Objectives 50 50 , 40 The implementation of this Plan will be strategic, consistent with management plans and give initial 50 , 40 priority to the following key areas: 100 , • continuously provide visitors with an enjoyable and informative guided tour; 100 ,

K • improving the capacity of community members in running the ecopark as to guest relations and Y 50 hospitality management; 50 • improving the business operating environment for community members and tourism operators 100 M

C accessing the ecopark; 100 • establishing a market presence that assures short-term and long-term profitability, growth and 100

100 success;

100 • developing an evaluation scheme to gauge satisfaction of visitors;

100 • supporting tourism growth and development and overall economy of Ibajay and the rest of the

100 country; 100 • contributing positively to our communities and our environment;

50 • developing a better understanding of the nature of the domestic and international ecotourism 50

50 , 40 markets; and,

50 , 40 • ensuring the growth projections for ecotourism in Katunggan it Ibajay Ecopark are appropri- ately considered in the planning and management of the protected area. 50 50 50

50 ii. mArKETinG PlAn

100 Description of the Product 100

100 Presently, the Katunggan it Ibajay Ecopark provides guided ecotourism tours along a wooden foot-

100 walk. Visitors are hosted in a reception center and offered a guided tour by trained local site guides

100 who are able to share information about the ecology and morphology of mangroves, mythologies 100 and history of the place and traditional cultural activities along the tour. 100

100 Katunggan it Ibajay Ecopark boasts of 27 mangrove species with centuries-old Avicennia rumphiana

50 trees (locally known as apiapi or bungalon). The biggest of this group is a 20 m tall tree with 8 m

50 circumference at the end of a 1-kilometer tour. 50 , 40

50 , 40 Equally captivating is Xylocarpus moluccensis (piag-ao) whose leaves turn a brilliant yellow, or-

75 ange and red and falls (in late January). The forest has birds and other wildlife such as mud lob-

75 sters, called the engineers of the mangroves because they continually build mounds creating a canal 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 5 123 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

system where water flows during high tide. When one steps down the boardwalk during low tide, 50

fiddler crabs, mudskippers and other fauna are observed in abundance. 50 Local folk believe the forest is enchanted, and protected by spirits. In the mid 1980’s, villagers and 100 officials used ‘People Power’ to stop fishpond operators from cutting trees to make ponds. The “dis- 100 100 covery” of this patch mangrove by SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department researchers in 1996 was fol- 100

lowed by studies over the next 10 years, as documented in the 2004 Handbook of Philippine Man- 100

groves. Construction of the footwalk started in 2008 with funds from a Pew Fellowship grant (of 100

scientist J.H. Primavera, who also initiated the research). The following year marked the passage of 100

Municipal Ordinance 92 proclaiming 44 hectares as an Ecopark, and completion of the footwalk and 100

reception center by the local government in collaboration with the Community-Based Mangrove 75 , 66

Rehabilitation Project of the Zoological Society of London. On 19 January 2010, Katunggan it Ibajay 75 , 66 75 Ecopark was inaugurated by Ibajay Mayor Ma. Lourdes M. Miraflores. 75

At present, the following facilities are available in the ecopark: a) reception center; b) 1040- meter 50 , 40

foot walk built on concrete post and bamboo flooring; c) four (4) rest areas built in strategic loca- 50 , 40 50 tions along the ecopark for visitors to relax during the trip; and, d) an eco-san toilet (an environment friendly facility) within the heart of the mangroves for visitors’ personal comfort necessities. A big- 50 100 ger multipurpose center will be built which can accommodate bigger number of guests, serve as area 100

for orientation and area for refreshment. 100

The Mangrove Ecotourism Board (METB) of the local government of Ibajay will assist in the devel- 100 100 opment of structures and implementation of the project in the ecopark. Partners such as the Zoolog- 100

ical Society of London and Aklan State University – Ibajay Campus will provide the technical inputs 100

on of the ecotourism business and provide skills development to community members, respectively. 100 C M 50

comparison of the Product with its competitors 50 50 Y K

competitor Product limitations 50

1. Jawili Falls, Tangalan swimming, picnic, lodging limited to rainy season 50 , 40 accommodation, pictorial 50 , 40 50 2.Marine Sanctuary, Tangalan diving/ snorkeling limited to certified divers 50

3.Tangalan beach resorts swimming, picnic, function halls, areas are remote 100

accommodation 100 4. Bakhawan Ecopark, Kalibo Footwalk, function hall, charcoal 7 mangrove species only planted/ 100 bricketting, picnic areas, swimming, fishing man-made), no tour guides 100 100 5. Isla Kapispisan, New 300 m footwalk, Rhizophora plantation, mono species 100

Washington CHed recognized for community extension 100

6. Pagatpat, Buruanga function hall, 100 m footwalk privately owned 100 50 7. Hurom-Hurom, Nabas swimming, picnic, cottages limited units 50 8. Katunggan it ibajay entrance hall, mangrove diversity 100 , (natural), centuries-old mangroves, 1km footwalk, boat ride, mud lobster mounds, 100 , fiddler crabs, birds, info material, tour 50 , 40 50 , 40 guides, accessibility 50 50

Location 100 100

The town of Ibajay situated in the Province of Aklan, is located 40 kilometers west of Kalibo and 50 100

kilometers east of the world famous Boracay (a 45-minute ride from Ibajay). It is classified as a 3rd 100

class municipality and has a total land area of 18,190 hectares. Composed of 35 Barangays, it has a 100

total population of 42,742 (NSO August 2008 data) with calculated growth rate of 1.04%. The total 100

number of household is 8,548 with an average household size of 5. It is accessible by land transport 100

from Kalibo or Iloilo City and also available by air from major hubs – Manila, Cebu, Davao. 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 124 Appendix 5 100 100 100 Target Market 100

100 While it is important to encourage 100 as many visitors to Katunggan it 100 Ibajay Ecopark as possible, it is 50 equally important to establish the 50

50 , 40 holding capacity of the ecopark in 50 , 40 relation to the ecological impact 100 , of visitors – to develop a maxi- 100 , mum number who may stay in 100 , the ecopark at any given time. As 100 , an educational, and potentially a 100 research area, Katunggan it Iba- 100 jay Ecopark will focus on a num- 100 ber of target visitors: 100

100 a. Domestic Tourists 100 Neighboring communities, local government units, line agencies 100

100 This group was not initially identified as the financial target group, as entrance fees for domestic

50 tourists is currently, and will continue to be, lower than international tourists. However, after 50

50 , 40 two years of operation, the group contributed 80% of the visitors and collected fees in the eco-

50 , 40 park. Neighboring and even host communities have easier access to the ecopark and are of equal

100 , value as increased local awareness of conservation issues are directly connected to future sus-

100 , tainability and protection of the project. K Y 50 b. Study Tourists 50 Students, teachers, scientists, researchers, conservation NGOs 100 M C 100 This target group has fees much lower than domestic tourists; however, this group is equally

100 important so as to encourage more interests and opportunities to students and researchers who 100 may gain field experience in data collection. Since this target group is the future generation of 100 potential professionals and decision makers in the conservation field, it is vital to enable them to 100 have sufficient understanding of the environment they may later help to protect. 100

100 c. International Tourists

50 Non resident international public 50 50 , 40 This target group was initially identified as the financial target group because of the large number 50 , 40 of tourists visiting the neighboring Boracay Island and fees are relatively higher for this group.

50 However, after 2 years of operation, the group contributed a meager 1.5% of the total visitors 50 annually. It is still believed that with the advent of a bigger multipurpose hall, the ecopark could 50 potentially host a large number of international tourists. 50 100

100 TABLE 1. Tourist arrival in Katunggan it Ibajay Ecopark

100 international 100 Dates Domestic tourists Study tourists Fees generated tourists 100

100 Jan 2010 – Dec 2010 3,889 389 65 approx. P48,000 100

100 Jan 2011 – Dec 2011 2,991 1,066 58 approx. P60,000 50 50 50 , 40 Tour Fees 50 , 40 Based on the amended Municipal Ordinance 092 Series 2011, entrance fees to the ecopark will be 75

75 as follows: 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 5 125 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

a. Domestic tourists – PhP20.00 50

b. International tourists – PhP100.00 50

c. Students – PhP15.00 100

Tour packages are also offered covering transportation, entrance fees, site guide fees, meals, snacks 100 100 and lunch. Table 2 details the packages designed to meet the needs of various tourists. 100 100

TABLE 2. Pricing for Tour Packages 100 100 Number of visitors Group 100 Particulars Cost

1 2 3 4 5 6-10 11-15 16-20 75 , 66 75 , 66

Multicab 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 75

Boat fare 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 75

Van 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 50 , 40 50 , 40 entrance fee 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50

Site Guide 100 100 50 33.33 25 20 16.67 18.18 12.50 50 100 Welcome drinks 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 100

Lunch 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 100 100

Snacks 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 100

Actual Cost 810 760 743.33 735 730 726.67 728.18 722.50 100 100 Mark-up 243 228 222.99 220.50 219 218 218.45 216.75 100 C M Actual Rate 1,053 988 966.32 955.50 949 944.67 946.63 939.25 50

published Rate 1,100 1,000 980 970 970 960 960 950 50 50 Y K Rates can vary depending on the services (e.g., need to serve snacks or lunch) that will be included 50

in the tour. 50 , 40 50 , 40 In computing for the tour package, a 30% mark-up was added to serve as buffer for maintenance 50 and facility upgrade. 50 100

The computation of the actual cost and published rates has allowance for the fluctuating prices of 100

goods and services. 100 100

To ensure a satisfying experience, group tours are encouraged to reserve bookings 1 week before 100

scheduled tour. 100 100 Sales Forecast 100 The entrance fees will be the same unless amended by the METB. 50 50 Promotional Strategies 100 ,

Several promotional measures will be employed for Katunggan it Ibajay Ecopark through which the 100 , tour will be marketed: 50 , 40 50 , 40 1. Inclusion of Katunggan it Ibajay Ecopark in accredited tour operators 50 A familiarization tour will be organized to members of accredited local and national tour opera- 50 100 tors to include KII Ecopark in the itinerary of the tours they are selling. 100

Development of website and Facebook™ page 100

A full page from the website of Ibajay will be used to promote Katunggan it Ibajay Ecopark, 100

allowing the visitors to view the wonderful sights of the ecopark, services offered, tour packages 100

and booking/ reservation information. The Administrative Office and/or Municipal Tourism Of- 100 fice (MTO) will maintain/open an internet website from 8AM to 5PM daily. 100 A Facebook™ page will be made for the ecopark in the frequently visited networking site to fea- 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 126 Appendix 5 100 100 100 ture the services offered in the ecopark, corresponding rates, directions to get to the place and 100

100 booking information.

100 3. Advertisement in radio, television and print media 100 For two years of since its launching, local radio/ television stations and publications served as 50 vehicle for advertising of the ecopark. For the next five years, brochures containing informa- 50

50 , 40 tion about Katunggan it Ibajay Ecopark will be circulated during local festivals, provincial and 50 , 40 national tourism events. News articles or write-ups promoting the ecopark will be published 100 , regularly. 100 ,

100 , 4. Invitations to LGUs and academic institutions

100 , Local government units within the region and in other regions interested in mangrove conserva-

100 tion and rehabilitation will be invited for study tours in the ecopark.

100 Primary, secondary and tertiary schools will also be invited for educational field trips and poten-

100 tial research studies. 100 5. Development and selling of souvenir items 100

100 Shirts, caps, mugs, wallets and other novelty items with logo/ advocacy statements will be pro-

100 duced and sold to massively disseminate mangrove awareness among the target groups. 100 50

50 III. PRODUCTION PLAN 50 , 40

50 , 40 Fixed Capital 100 , a. 1015-m footwalk made of bamboo d. 1 Tree house 100 ,

K b. Entrance hall e. Eco-san toilet Y 50 c. 3 Rest areas 50 100 M Repair and Maintenance C 100

100 Minimal expenses for repair and maintenance will be incurred since the materials for the footwalk

100 are pliable and are not easily broken. Portions of the footwalk that are weak require replacement and

100 repair. Materials for repairs are easily available in the locality. 100 Planned Capacity 100

100 The entrance hall will be utilized for souvenir area, mini-store and can accommodate 10-15 persons 50 during orientations at the start of the tour. 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 A tour guide will be assigned a maximum of 10 persons to enter the ecopark at one time. The next batch will come 20 minutes after or at a 100-meter distance from the first batch. The ecopark can

50 accommodate a maximum of 200 visitors per day. 50 50

50 iv. mAnAGEmEnT PlAn 100

100 Form of Business

100 Katunggan it Ibajay Ecopark is a mangrove ecotourism project of the Local Government Unit of 100 Ibajay to support the rehabilitation and livelihood activities of Peoples Organizations in Barangays 100

100 Bugtongbato and Naisud.

100 The existing organization is under the supervision of the Municipality of Ibajay through the Ba- 100 rangay Councils of Bugtongbato and Naisud. The Technical Working Group (TWG) of Katunggan 50 it Ibajay was created in 2009 and later evolved into the Mangrove Ecotourism Board (METB). The 50 50 , 40 METB has four committees: 1) Protection Committee; 2) Monitoring and Evaluation Committee; 3) 50 , 40 Training and Management Committee; and, 4) Livelihoods Committee.

75 The METB reports to the Office of the Mayor and provides overall management and policy support 75

75 , 66 to Katunggan it Ibajay Ecopark. Specifically, the Board ensures that the goals and objectives of the 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 5 127 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

enterprise as well as its management and operations are consistent with the goals of the ecopark. 50

Figure 1 presents the existing organizational structure of the project. 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 , 66 75 , 66 75 75 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100

FIG. 1. The organizational structure of Katunggan it Ibajay Ecopark 100 100

Roles and Responsibilities 100 100 C M a. The Mangrove Ecotourism Board (METB) shall: 50

• Formulate policies and guidelines on the management, protection and utilization of man- 50 50 groves; Y K • Monitor and evaluate the ecopark 50

• Supervise the Peoples’ Organization in ecopark management 50 , 40 50 , 40

• Approves the annual workplan of the Project Management Committee (PMC); and 50 • Provide the over-all direction and coordination of activities in the mangroves of Bugtongbato 50

and Naisud. 100

b. The committees within the METB shall: 100 • Protection Committee – formulate policy enforcement plan, coordinate with law enforcement 100 100

groups/bodies and recommends policies; 100 • Monitoring and Evaluation Committee – assess projects viability, conduct regular observa- 100

tions of the biophysical and socio-economic results and changes brought about by the opera- 100

tion of the ecopark; 100 • Training and Management Committee – plan rehabilitation and reforestation activities, moni- 50 tor health and growth of mangroves; and 50

• Livelihoods Committee – install systems in the ecopark, identify and access funds, coordinate 100 ,

with the PMC regarding construction of infrastructure facilities, promote and markets the eco- 100 ,

park. 50 , 40 50 , 40 c. The Project Management Committee (composed of representatives from BFA and NAMAO) di- 50 rectly manages and operates the ecopark, implements the annual workplan, keeps records of ac- 50 tivities including logbooks of visitors and reports to the METB the status of the project, finances 100 and policy enforcement. 100 100

The PMC have the following staff: 100 • Caretaker – entertains guests during arrival, coordinates activities, dispatch of tour guides and 100 equipments, registers guests, receives and process payments, handles cash and cash-related 100 100 transactions 100 • Tour Guides – guides and interprets the tour to visitors within the ecopark 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 128 Appendix 5 100 100 100 Staff wages and benefits 100

100 Labor for repair and maintenance of facilities is not a problem since most members of the organi- 100 zations have experiences in construction. Labor cost will be calculated depending on the need for 100 repairs and availability of funds. 50

50 Members of NAMAO and BFA were selected and trained to work as caretaker and tour guides in the 50 , 40

50 , 40 ecopark. Since the ecopark is in its initial stage, a 20% revenue share will be given to the caretaker

100 , and a 10% revenue share to the tour guides (which will be divided among tour guides depending on

100 , number of duty days).

100 , Capacity building and trainings for staff 100 ,

100 The Local Government of Ibajay and other support organizations and institutions (such as Zoologi-

100 cal Society of London and ASU Ibajay) will be tapped to provide community members proper train-

100 ings and materials to run the ecopark. 100 Interpretative Tour Guide Training – for equipping members to serve as tour guides to visitors 100

100 Tourist Service Skills Training – for members to be trained in food handling, menu preparation,

100 food service and housekeeping service 100 Financial Installation – for handling finances of the ecopark 50 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 v. FinAnciAl PlAn

100 , Profit and Loss Statement 100 ,

K Jan – Dec 2012 Jan – Dec 2013 Jan – Dec 2014 Total Y 50

50 rEvEnuE 100 M C 100 Gross sales (entrance fees) 63,072.00 75,686.40 90,823.68 229,582.08

100 Gross sales (tour packages) 122,803.20 147,363.84 176,836.61 447,003.65 100 Donations 9,270.00 11,124.00 13,348.80 33,742.80 100

100 Sales of souvenir shirts 18,000.00 21,600.00 25,920.00 65,520.00 100 Sales of souvenir items 3,000.00 3,600.00 4,320.00 10,920.00 100

50 TOTAL REVENUE 216,145.20 259,374.24 311,249.09 786,768.53 50

50 , 40 OPERATING EXPENSE

50 , 40 Caretaker’s share 39,029.04 46,834.85 56,201.82 142,065.71

50 Tour guides’ share 19,514.52 23,417.42 28,100.91 71,032.85 50 Tour package cost 76,744.00 92,092.80 110,511.36 279,348.16 50

50 electricity bill 3,600.00 3,960.00 4,356.00 11,916.00 100 Water bill 1,200.00 1,320.00 1,452.00 3,972.00 100

100 Supplies 3,600.00 3,960.00 4,356.00 11,916.00 100 Travel expenses 3,000.00 3,600.00 4,320.00 10,920.00 100

100 Maintenance of facilities 19,514.52 23,417.42 28,100.91 71,032.85

100 Miscellaneous expenses 24,000.00 28,800.00 34,560.00 87,360.00 100 BFA share 975.73 1,170.87 1,405.05 3,551.64 50

50 nAMAO share 975.73 1,170.87 1,405.05 3,551.64 50 , 40

50 , 40 Promotions and advertising 6,000.00 6,300.00 6,615.00 18,915.00

75 TOTAL EXPENSE 198,153.53 236,044.24 281,384.09 715,581.86

75

75 , 66 NET INCOME (LOSS) 17,991.67 23,330.00 29,865.00 71,186.67 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 5 129 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 KATunGGAn iT iBAJAy EcoPArK GuiDElinES 50

Brgy. Bugtongbato, Ibajay, Aklan, Philippines 50 100

100

The KII Eco-Park is managed by the Bugtongbato Fisherfolk Association (BFA) and Naisud Man- 100

grove and Aquatic Organization (NAMAO). It opens Monday—Sunday from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM. 100

PLEASE OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING RULES AND REGULATIONS INSIDE THE ECO-PARK 100 100

1. Entrance and other fees are found below. 100

2. Children below 7 years old should be accompanied by adults. 100 3. Carrying Capacity: A maximum of 10 persons per batch will be allowed to enter at one time, the 75 , 66 next batch will come 20 minutes after or at a 100-meter distance from the first batch. The KII 75 , 66 can accommodate a maximum of 200 visitors per day. 75 4. Leave bags at the Information Center, bring only valuables, camera and water. 75

5. Use the comfort room before entering the ecopark (as the walkway is more than 1 kilometer 50 , 40 50 , 40

long). 50 6. Snacks, beverages and publications are available for sale at the entrance. 50

7. Garbage should be disposed of in designated places at the entrance and footwalk. 100

8. No alcoholic drinks are allowed inside the ecopark. 100

9. No firearms, deadly weapons, sharp objects are allowed inside the ecopark. 100

10. Collection of mangrove and other plants (seedlings, branches, etc.) and animals is strictly pro- 100 hibited. 100 11. Vandalism and loitering are strictly prohibited. 100 12. For inquiries and reservations, contact: Josephine Gelito: 0949-4710761. Large groups should 100 100 C M reserve 3 days in advance 50

FEES AND CHARGES: 50 50 Y

1. Entrance fee — PhP20.00 for local tourists and PhP100.00 for foreign tourists (donations are K welcome). 50

2. Tour guides are available — PhP100.00 per batch of 10 persons 50 , 40 50 , 40 3. Tree house and rest area rental — PhP100.00 per 4 hours and PhP50.00 per hour in excess 50

4. Boat rental — PhP30.00 per head for a one-way trip 50

5. Mangrove Field Guide rental — PhP20.00 per day 100

6. Mangrove Handbook rental — PhP30.00 per day 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 130 Appendix 5 100 100 100

100 KATunGGAn iT iBAJAy EcoPArK BrochurE 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 100 , 100 , K Y 50 50 100 M C 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 5 131 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 KATunGGAn iT iBAJAy EcoPArK PoSTEr 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 , 66 75 , 66 75 75 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 C M 50 50 50 Y K 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 132 Appendix 5 100 100 100

100 GloSSAry oF TErmS 100

100 ASU - Aklan State University 100 BFA - Bugtongbato Fisherfolks Association 50

50 CBFMA - Community-based Forest Management Agreement 50 , 40

50 , 40 DENR - Department of Environment and Natural Resources 100 ,

100 , DOLE - Department of Labor and Employment 100 ,

100 , DOT - Department of Tourism

100 KII - Katunggan It Ibajay 100 PO - People’s Organization 100

100 LGU - Local Government Unit 100

100 METB - Mangrove Eco-Tourism Board

100 MTO - Municipal Tourism Office 100

50 NAMAO - Naisud Mangrove and Aquatic Organization 50 50 , 40 NGO - Non-Government Organization 50 , 40

100 , PMC - Project Management Committee 100 ,

K TWG - Technical Working Group Y 50

50 ZSL-CMRP - Zoological Society of London – Community-based Mangrove Rehabilitation Project 100 M on the Philippines C 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 6 133 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Appendix 6. CRMF KAMAMADO 50 50 100

communiTy rESourcES mAnAGEmEnT FrAmEworK 100 100 100

PART I. INTRODUCTION 100

A. Basic Information 100 100

Name and address of the People’s Organization (PO) 100 Katilingban sang Magagmay nga Mangingisda sa Dolores (KAMAMADO) 75 , 66 Barangay Dolores, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras 75 , 66 75

Head of the PO 75 Bonifacio Sapio President 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 Registration (name of agency, registration number and date) 50

Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) 100

Registration number VI-1009 100

6 October 1999 100 100

Total number of members 100

86 (64 active and 22 inactive) 100 Approved CBFMA (number and date of issuance, area covered, location, management) 100 100 C M CBFMA Number 37619 dated February 2009 50

Area covered: 6.3726 hectares 50 50 Located at Basyaw Cove, Barangay Dolores, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras Y K

Community management approach (KAMAMADO) 50

B. Background 50 , 40 50 , 40 The municipality of Nueva Valencia is a 3rd class municipality in the Province of Guimaras. It has a 50 total land area of 13,712 hectares. Nueva Valencia has 22 barangays, 14 of which are coastal, 2 island 50 and 6 inland. Barangay Dolores is one of the coastal barangays of Nueva Valencia. 100 100

Traditionally, Barangay Dolores was acclaimed as one of the barangays with the richest fishing 100

grounds due to its strategic location in the island province of Guimaras. Moreover the mangrove 100 forest of Basyaw Cove and the traditional method of catching fish i.e., hook and line have sustainably 100 maintained the supply of fish and other marine products for a certain period. 100 100

With the passing of time however, drastic changes happened in Dolores. Commercial fishing ves- 100 sels equipped with modern fishing gadgets encroached within the area of marginal fishers. The vast 50 mangrove forest in Basyaw Cove was cut down and converted into fishponds. Other illegal methods 50

of catching fish, i.e., dynamite fishing gradually destroyed the ecosystem resulting in the rapid deg- 100 ,

radation of the natural resources. 100 , 50 , 40

The grim scenario did not go unnoticed by Warlito Garonita, a retired staff of the Philippine Coast 50 , 40 50 Guard who went home to Sitio Guisi, Barangay Dolores to enjoy time with family and relatives. The 50 clamor from small fishers of decreasing catch and non response of the government on the fisher’s 100 issues encouraged him to organize the small fishers. The objective was to bring their concerns to the 100

attention of the government. The organization was named Katilingban sang Magagmay nga Mang- 100

ingisda sa Dolores or KAMAMADO. 100 100 KAMAMADO as an organization 100

Composed mainly of marginal fishers residing in Barangay Dolores, KAMAMADO was organized in 100 July 1998 and was registered with the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) on 6 October 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 134 Appendix 6 100 100 100 1999 with Registration Number VI-1009. The purpose of KAMAMADO is “to form a strong and vi- 100

100 able organization for the protection, conservation and rehabilitation of coastal fishery resources in

100 order to alleviate the living conditions of the marginal fisherfolk.”

100 KAMAMADO’s objectives are: 50

50 1. To protect, conserve and rehabilitate the coastal and fishery resources; 50 , 40

50 , 40 2. To promote public awareness on the importance of protection, conservation and rehabilitation

100 , of natural resources;

100 , 3. To maintain the ecological balance of the coastal fishing areas; and

100 , 4. To increase fish production by at least 10% from the present level. 100 , The highest governing body of KAMAMADO is the General Assembly (GA). The working set of the 100 Board of Directors (BOD) oversee the operational activities of KAMAMADO. Appendix A is KA- 100 MAMADO’s Organizational Structure. 100

100 KAMAMADO, has experienced rise and fall in its membership. Peak was established at the time

100 the organization was registered with 120 members. To date KAMAMADO has 86 members. KAMA- 100 MADO’s set of incumbent officers and members are listed in Appendix B. 100

100 The organization continues to be beset by problems such as non-cooperation of members. Howev-

50 er, despite the many problems 50

50 , 40 faced by KAMAMADO the or-

50 , 40 ganization was able to under-

100 , take 7 projects, i.e., mangrove

100 , reforestation, establishment of K the Coral Garden and hosting Y 50

50 the Sibiran Festival to mention 100

M a few. Conservation and a few C 100 organizational strengthening

100 seminars was participated in 100 by some members of KAMA- 100 MADO starting from its estab- 100 lishment to date. 100

100 FIG. 1. Graph showing KAMAMADO's membership over time 50

50 Process of CBFMA application until approval 50 , 40

50 , 40 With focus on rehabilitating Basyaw Cove, KAMAMADO applied for a CBFMA, a tenurial instru- ment that would give KAMAMADO the authority to manage the Cove in the next 25 years. The 50

50 timeline of events (as narrated by Warlito Garonita) from organization to CBFMA application until

50 it was granted is enumerated below. Parallel activities of DENR on KAMAMADO’s CBFMA request

50 are likewise highlighted. 100

100 TABLE 1. KAMAMADO timeline

100 year important KAmAmADo activity corresponding DEnr action 100 1997 • Period of consultation, coordination and consolidation of 100 fishermen 100 1998 • Formation of KAMAMADO with 53 members. Main purpose: 100 protection, conservation and rehabilitation of fishery 100 resources to increase fish production. 50 • Formulation and ratification of CBL. 50

50 , 40 1999 • Registration of KAMAMADO with DOLE R6 under RC No. 50 , 40 Vi-1009. • Start of the Credit Coop concept of lending limited amount 75 to interested members (stopped due to difficulty in payment 75

75 , 66 of loans by members) 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 6 135 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 TABLE 1. (Continued) 50

2000 • Ocular inspection of the coastal area to determine priority 50 areas. 100

• Selected members undergo Fish Warden training; simple 100 bookkeeping and accounting; FARMC 100

2001 • Seminar orientation on paralegal cooperatives; training on 100 pawikan protection and conservation. 100 2002 • Passed Resolution No.01 S-2002 requesting PENRO DENR • PENRO received Resolution 100 100 Guimaras to grant KAMAMADO authority to rehabilitate No.1 dated 28 July 2002 from Basyaw Cove. KAMAMADO requesting authority 100

• Passed Resolution No.2 S 2002 authorizing KAMAMADO to rehabilitate Basyaw Cove 75 , 66

President to file application with PENRO Guimaras for • Meeting with Ex Mayor Gonzaga, 75 , 66 75 CBFMA covering Basyaw Cove. DENR and BFAR re cancelled FLA 75 2003 • KAMAMADO became member of BFARMC, MFARMC Nueva • DENR Forester attended GA at Valencia, Federation of Fisherfolk Organization of Nueva Dolores; one issue raised was 50 , 40 50 , 40

Valencia and Federated Fisherfolk Organization in Guimaras. Basyaw Cove 50 • Selected officers attended seminar on Info Alert for • CBFM orientation for KAMAMADO, 50 Sustainable Coastal Areas Development; Coastal Resources PLGU, MLGU and BLGU officials 100 Assessment and Heritage Tourism. 100

2004 • KAMAMADO and BFARMC jointly formulated Coastal Fishery 100 Resources Recovery Program of Barangay Dolores (200 100

modules of AR in the Coral Garden and 7 payaw installed). 100 • KAMAMADO became member of Barangay Dolores Tourism 100

Council (BDTC). 100 • Planted 9000 bakhaw propagules in 2 hectares with financial 100 C M assistance from the PLGU. 50 • KAMAMADO officers undergo Seminar Workshop on 50 50 Mangrove Management; Seaweeds Farming Y K

2005 • Planted 9000 propagules of bakhaw in another 2-hectare 50 area in Basyaw Cove with funding from MLGU and PLGU. • established seaweed farm. 50 , 40 50 , 40

• Planted 2000 bakhaw propagules in Basyaw Cove with 50

GENRO and the Guimaras Small Scale Miners Association, 50

ICOW-International Earth Day Celebration 100

2006 • Organized the KAMAMADO BDTC Emergency Response 100

Group (50 volunteers) to contain the oil from the 11 August 100

2006 Oil Spill. 100

2007 • Organized and launched the 1st Guisi Sibiran Festival with • Actual survey of the proposed CBFM 100

the theme: Coastal Resources Protection, Conservation, area by the denR survey team 100

Rehabilitation and Eco-Tourism. Objectives: • CBFM application endorsement by 100

• to serve as vehicle to revive traditional friendly methods of PENRO Guimaras to DENR Regional 100

catching fish Office 50

• to promote public awareness of the importance of • Application for CBFMA of 50 protection/conservation of natural resources KAMAMAdO was returned by denR • to serve as tourist attraction Regional Office to PENRO Guimaras 100 , due to incomplete documents 100 , • KAMAMADO GA 50 , 40 50 , 40 • PENRO Guimaras returned to 50

Regional Office the CBFMA 50

application of KAMAMADO with 100 complete supporting documents 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 136 Appendix 6 100 100

100 TABLE 1. (Continued) 100 2008 Conducted the 2nd Guisi Sibiran festival. CBFMA papers of KAMAMADO 100 Assisted DA-BFAR in planting 100 AR modules in Guisi Coral forwarded to the denR Secretary in 100 Garden and installation of 7 units of Payao Manila for signing 100 Attended the following trainings and seminar/workshops: 50 ICM Guimaras 50

50 , 40 NVMTACC Workshop

50 , 40 Mangrove/Pond Governance

100 , LRA training

100 , KAMAMADO became regular member of ICM Guimaras,

100 , NVMTACC, MAFC

100 , 2009 Conducted the 3rd Guisi Sibiran Festival in cooperation with the CBFMA application of KAMAMADO LGUs, Barangay Council, BDTC, GCO, DES signed by DENR secretary with CBFMA 100 Attended training on Mangrove Ecology, Biology and Taxonomy no. 37619 (Appendix C) 100 and nursery establishment 100 CBFMA No. 37619 approved by DENR Secretary 100

100 CRMF and the Workshop Process 100 After the CBFMA approval by the DENR, the recipient PO needs to come up with a written Com- 100

100 munity Resource Management Framework (CRMF) that spells out the PO’s vision, mission and

50 objectives, proposed uses and strategies in managing the CBFM area in the next 25 years. The pres-

50 ent situation is likewise being examined in formulating the CRMF which is then used as basis for 50 , 40

50 , 40 identifying programs for mangrove utilization and management.

100 , A community workshop to formulate the CRMF was conducted by KAMAMADO in April 28-29, 100 , 2009 at the Barangay Hall of Barangay Dolores, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras. The activity was par- K Y 50 ticipated in by 50 representatives from the Municipal LGU, Barangay LGU, officers and members

50 of KAMAMADO and Zoological Society of London (ZSL)-an NGO working on mangrove project in 100 M partnership with the LGU. DENR PENRO of Guimaras acted as the main facilitator for the work- C 100 shop. The methodology in doing the workshop consisted of presentations, small group discussion, 100 mapping and visioning exercises (refer to Appendix D for the Activity Schedule). 100

100 The output of the workshop will be consolidated and written as draft according to the format pre- 100 scribed by the DENR. The draft CRMF will be presented during the GA of KAMAMADO. The docu- 100 ment will then be finalized taking into account the comments and suggestions of members during 100 the GA. The final CRMF document will be submitted to PENRO Guimaras for confirmation. After 50 PENRO confirmation, KAMAMADO will meet again to detail activities for the Annual Work Plan 50 50 , 40 (AWP) covering the period June 2009 to May 2010. The AWP will serve as guide for KAMAMADO 50 , 40 in implementing plans for organizational strengthening and mangrove utilization and management

50 under the CBFMA. 50 50

50 PART II: PRESENT SITUATION 100 1. The Community 100

100 Demographics. Barangay Dolores has a total land area of 451, 6609 hectares. As of 2009, the 100 population of the barangay is 2055 and the total number of HH is 438. Average HH size is 4.69. 100 Since fishing is the main source of livelihood, the barangay has registered a total of 441 fisherfolk in 100 2008. The total coastline length of Barangay Dolores is estimated at 4.5 kilometers. 100

100 Climate. Barangay Dolores has 2 pronounced seasons i.e. Dry Season from November to April and

50 Wet Season from May to October. Barangay Dolores experienced flooding and drought as a result 50

50 , 40 of extreme climatic changes. Heavy rains in 2008 brought about by typhoons have drowned rice

50 , 40 plantations, farm animals, destroyed houses and polluted source of drinking water.

75 Health. Majority (92%) of HH have toilet facilities. From these, 81% have water sealed toilet types. 75

75 , 66 Other types of toilet used are antipolo and open pit. Means of disposal for HH without toilets are fa- 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 6 137 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

ther’s toilet (majority), anywhere, 50

the forest, communal or neigh- 50

bor’s toilet. (Fig. 2) 100

Source of potable water is deep 100 100 well. Burning is still the major- 100

ity’s practice of garbage disposal. 100

In the last 3 years, only 2% of the 100 100 total number of children is mal- 100 nourished; no child was born be- low 2 kilos. 75 , 66 75 , 66 75 Food consumption is limited to 75 rice and fish (Table 2). Vegetables are eaten at the maximum of 4x 50 , 40 50 , 40 per week. Vegetables are either FIG 2. Means of disposal for HH without toilets 50

bought from the market or grown 50

in the back yard. Since meat is 100 TABLE 2. Food consumption pattern of a family in Barangay Dolores bought in the capital town of Gui- 100 maras which is San Miguel (local- Breakfast Lunch Dinner 100 ly called Alibhon), consumption Rice, fish, bread, Rice, fish, vegetables, Rice, fish, shrimp 100 100 is only once in a week. A portion banana, eggs meat (once a week) paste (ginamos), dried fish, salt 100

of the catch (fish, shellfish) is be- 100

ing shelved for home consump- 100 C M tion. 50 50 50 Diarrhea, dengue and pneumo- Y K

nia are prevalent in 2000-2004 50 which the residents attribute to stagnant water and dirty sur- 50 , 40 50 , 40 roundings. Typhoid, asthma and 50 skin diseases were the most com- 50 mon illnesses in 2006-2007. The 100 residents consider this as the year 100 100 when the worst illness happened. 100

This is also the same year when 100

the Oil Spill occurred. 100 Education. Majority of the resi- FIG 3. Highest educational attainment 100 100

dents of Barangay Dolores have 50

reached only the elementary or 50 high school education. Very few were able to reached college (Fig. 100 , 3). 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 Religion. The religion of the 50

majority of residents in Barangay 50

Dolores is Aglipay (Fig. 4). 100 100

Source of livelihood and in- 100 come. Main source of income of 100

the HH (at least 60%) in Dolores 100

is fishing. The average number of 100

years spent in fishing is 20. In a 100 year, 9 months are spent in fish- FIG 4. Religious affiliation 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 138 Appendix 6 100 100 100 ing while in a month 16 days is spent in fishing. On the average only 1 hour is spent per day in fishing. 100

100 Gear commonly used in fishing are nets. Catch of the majority of fishers are sold directly to consum-

100 ers and consumed at home. Average HH monthly income is P4505.

100 Dwelling. Dwelling units of the majority of HH are made of light materials or a combination of 50 nipa/cogon/bamboo. Only 15% of the houses are permanent (concrete). 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 House and home lot ownership. Majority of the houses are owned and built by the residents

100 , themselves. Home lots are owned by 60% of the HH. 100 , Lighting facility. Only 60% of the HH have electricity while 40% do not. Of those without electric- 100 , ity, 94% use kerosene lamp for lighting. 100 ,

100 Migration pattern. There

100 are many residents of Dolores

100 who migrate to other places be-

100 cause of marriage and limited

100 work opportunities in the ba- 100 rangay. Major destinations of 100 out-migrants are foreign coun- 100 tries and urban cities. Peak for 50

50 in-migration is 2009 while out- 50 , 40 migration was in 2000 (Fig. 5). 50 , 40

100 , FIG. 5. Migration pattern in Barangay Dolores. Savings. Eighty percent 100 , (80%) of the HH do not have K savings as income can hardly Y 50 TABLE 3. Average monthly HH expenses.

50 cover the daily HH expenses. expenses Amount (php) percent 100 M

C Education 400 10.7 HH expenditure. Average 100 total monthly HH expenses is 100 Health 500 13.4

100 Food 2250 60.3 P3,734.00. From this amount,

100 60% goes to food (Table 3). Clothing 200 5.4 100 Miscellaneous 200 5.4 Existing livelihoods/en- 100

100 electricity 80 2.1 terprises. Livelihoods in Do- lores consist of shell gleaning, 50 Water 0 0

50 fish corral, charcoal making

50 , 40 House repair/ 100 2.7 and eco-tourism. Majority of 50 , 40 maintenance Others 4 .1 the HH are dependent on shell 50 gleaning for livelihood (Table

50 Total 3,734 100 4). 50

50 TABLE 4. Existing livelihoods in Dolores.

100 Livelihoods/ # of HH products income (php) Volume of production/ 100 enterprises dependent harvest 100 Shell gleaning 390 Sisi (oysters), imbaw and 100-250 2-3 kg/gleaning activity 100 sobra-sobra (abalone) 100

100 Fish corral (punot) 3 Assorted fish: tabagak, 300/pail (1 pail = 25 kg) Lean season: 20-30 kg tulingan, sapsap Peak season:50-60 kg 100

100 Charcoal making 108 charcoal 75% charcoal Whole year (300-400 maker-25% capitalist sacks/mo) 50

50 sharing scheme 50 , 40 eco-tourism BDTC Eco-tourism packaged 999/person package 70 visitors/mo (average) 50 , 40 members activities (bike rent,

75 rappel, lighthouse tour,

75 snorkel) 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 152 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 6 139 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

Coastal and marine resources. 50

a) Mangrove vegetation and biophysical data. 50 100

Mangrove patches, mostly Avicennia and Rhizophora species totalling 4.5 hectares are found in- 100

side the cove. During the biophysical survey conducted, mangroves found in the cove comprised 100

10 species of true mangroves belonging to 4 families and 6 genera -- Family Avicenniaceae repre- 100 sented by Avicennia marina and A. officinalis, Family Combretaceae represented by Lumnitzera 100 racemosa and L. littorea, Family Rhizophoraceae composed of Bruguiera cylindrica, Ceriops 100 100 decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata and R. stylosa, and Family Sonneratiaceae rep- 100 resented by Sonneratia alba. 75 , 66

Three sampling stations were set up for the physico-chemical parameters in Basyaw. The average 75 , 66 75 water salinity was 36.2 ppt, pH is neutral (7.0) and temperature averages 27.9 °C. Basyaw Cove 75 had average soil pH of 6.87, soil salinity of 39.67 ppt and soil temperature of 28.20 °C. Benthic fauna found were mostly shells. Organic matter content of the soil was 19.68%. 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 As part of the rehabilitation Basyaw Cove, mangrove replanting was done by KAMAMADO in 2004 and 2005 by planting 20,000 bakhaw propagules in a 2-hectare area. However, due to 50 100 spillover, Typhoon Frank and tagimtim (barnacle) infestation, most of the planted bakhaw died 100

thus requiring an immediate rehabilitation of the cove. 100

b) Coral reef area. Just outside Basyaw Cove is an area estimated to be about 5 hectares with 100 100 good coral cover. KAMAMADO established this area as a Coral Garden, a marine sanctuary. Leg- 100

islation from the Municipal LGU through the SB needs to be passed to legalize the establishment 100

of the area as marine sanctuary for protection, management and utilization (snorkeling, diving, 100 C M scientific research). 50 50 50 c) Seagrass. Also outside Y K

Basyaw Cove is a 1 hectare 50 area of seagrass. 50 , 40 50 , 40

In the recently concluded PRA 50

data gathering by the commu- 50

nity, decreasing trend in the 100

harvest of fish, shells, crusta- 100

ceans and other marine organ- 100

isms (sea urchin, squid and 100 octopus) was reported covering 100 the period 1970-2009 (Fig. 6). 100 The number of HH depend- 100

FIG. 6. Volume of harvest over time. 100

ing on the resource for liveli- 50

hood has doubled in 39 years 50 time, i.e., 150 in 1970 to 304 in 2009 (Fig. 7). No species were 100 , reported to have disappeared. 100 , 50 , 40 Most of the methods used in 50 , 40 harvesting (traditional hook 50 and line, nets, traps) have not 50 100 changed. 100

Many residents believe that the 100

introduction of illegal fishing 100 methods in recent years and 100 the increasing number of fami- 100 FIG. 7. Comparison of volume of harvest vs HH depending on the 100 resource over time. 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 140 Appendix 6 100 100 100 lies that depend on the fishery resource for livelihood have contributed to the decline in fishery re- 100

100 sources.

100 The 2006 Oil Spill which damaged the habitat of marine organisms was also considered as one of 100 the main factors for poor harvest. 50

50 The issue and problem matrix (PRA data) likewise affirms that catches have been declining as this is 50 , 40

50 , 40 considered as the No. 1 problem by the fishers. Other problems are fishing inside the Coral Garden,

100 , indiscriminate cutting of mangroves and destruction of corals and sea grass beds by extraction and

100 , use of destructive fishing methods.

100 , Existing projects on environment & natural resources. There are at least 5 projects pertain- 100 , ing to environment and natural resources protection and conservation presently on-going in Ba- 100 rangay Dolores. Below is the list 100 of agencies/institutions and the

100 TABLE 5. List of agencies/institutions and the nature of projects nature of projects implemented 100 implemented. (Table 5). 100 name of Agency/institution Nature of Project 100 BFAR with KAMAMADO Coral garden, payaw 2. The CBFM Area 100

100 KAMAMAdO Mangrove rehabilitation project, a. Location. The CBFM area coastal resources protection, 50 is within Basyaw Cove in promotion of eco-tourism in Basyaw 50

50 , 40 Cove Barangay Dolores (encircled 50 , 40 Barangay Dolores Tourism Clean and Green, Heritage tourism in the map of Nueva Valen- 100 , Council cia showing Basyaw Cove) 100 , Barangay council Coastal clean up operation (Fig. 8). Basyaw Cove is river K like in nature with sea water Y 50 ZSL in partnership with LGU/ Community Based Mangrove 50 KAMAMAdO Rehabilitation Project coming in from the sea. The 100

M site is approximately 7.48 ki- C 100 lometers away from the mu-

100 nicipality of Nueva Valencia. 100

100 b. Present land uses & ap-

100 proximate vegetative

100 cover status. An estimated 100 area of 4.5 hectares in Basy-

50 aw Cove is now planted with 50

50 , 40 mangrove species mostly

50 , 40 Rhizophora. Vegetation cover however is thin. There 50

50 are 4 existing docking areas

50 for boats of fishers residing

50 nearby. There are 4 entrance

100 and exit points. An area is 100 now being used by 1 person 100 for talaba culture. A 30-me- 100 ter dilapidated footwalk ex- 100

100 ists near the entrance from

100 the barangay road. 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75

75 , 66 FIG. 8. Map of Basyaw Cove, Dolores, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras. 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 154 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 6 141 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 , 66 75 , 66 75 75 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 C M FIG. 9. Existing uses in Basyaw cove. 50 50 50 c. Known important resources on the area Y K 50 Important resources Remarks 50 , 40 Non-timber/minor forest product Shells are abundant 50 , 40 50 Timber resources none 50

Water resources Estimated at 6 hectares 100

Wildlife Native birds (kingfisher, tokmo, punay, 100

tikling, tigwak) halo, snakes 100

Mineral resources none 100 100

3. Community challenges 100 100

a. Known or perceived constraint to cBFm implementation. The known or perceived con- 100 straints to CBFMA implementation are the following: 50

• Lack of cooperation among the members of KAMAMADO 50

• Inadequate funds for operation/conduct of activities 100 ,

• Lack of support from LGUs/NGAs 100 ,

• Processing of papers for CBFMA is too long that members lost interest in the project 50 , 40 50 , 40

• Potential conflict of interest with landowners in the adjacent CBFM area 50

• Illegal fishing methods within Basyaw Cove and adjacent waters 50

• CBFM area considered passageway and docking area of small fishing boats 100

• Community members that who do not conform with the policies/provisions in the CBFMA 100

• Member’s personal interests 100

• Continuous rain and flooding 100 • Soil erosion 100 • Project will not be accepted by the majority of the barangay residents 100 100 • Scraping oysters from the newly planted mangroves 100 • Slow project implementation 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 142 Appendix 6 100 100 100 b. Assistance required by KAMAMADO from DENR and/or other agencies 100 100 Name of agency Assistance required 100

100 denR Technical assistance Financial support 50 Conduct of trainings 50

50 , 40 Provision of propagules and planting materials 50 , 40 LGU (Barangay and Municipal) Legislative support e.g. LGU resolution of boundary conflict between 100 , Dolores and Tando; policies to protect Basyaw Cove 100 , Law enforcement 100 , Oversee activities in the CBFM area 100 , Financial assistance

100 NGO (ZSL) Financial assistance

100 Conduct of trainings

100 dTi Conduct of seminars and trainings 100 BFAR Technical assistance 100 Financial assistance 100 dOLe Technical assistance 100

100 Conduct of trainings 50 50

50 , 40 Part III: Community Strategic Resources Management Plan 50 , 40 1. Vision 100 ,

100 , Rehabilitated and well protected Basyaw Cove with mangrove vegetation rich in wildlife and fishery K resources and a prime tourist destination where people work hand in hand for economic prosperity. Y 50

50 2. General Goals & Objectives 100 M C 100 a. Goals 100 a.1 Organizational 100 • Strong and functional KAMAMADO 100 • Better coordination and linkage established 100 • Livelihoods implemented 100

100 • Accreditation and recognition by the LGU

50 • Increased income

50 • Self sustaining 50 , 40

50 , 40 a.2 Physical • Well protected mangrove area

50 • 6.37 hectares fully planted with mangrove 50 • Delineated areas for various uses 50 • Eco-tourism destination 50 • Increased fishery resources 100

100 • Unique product development

100 b. Objectives 100 b.1 Organizational 100

100 • To enhance capacity in organizational management of members.

100 • To educate members on mangrove management through continuous IEC.

100 • To identify appropriate income generating projects for members.

50 • To be able to establish good working relationship between KAMAMADO and the various

50 NGOs, NGAs and LGU. 50 , 40

50 , 40 • To be instrumental in improving the economic status of the majority of members/com- munity. 75 • To foster cooperation and unity among members of the community. 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 156 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 6 143 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

b.2 Physical 50

• To be able to maximize use of raw materials available in the locality. 50

• To be able to identify appropriate mangrove species for rehabilitating Basyaw Cove. 100

• To be able to allocate an area as nursery that can provide continuous supply of seedlings. 100 100 3. The Community’s Envisioned Forest Land Use and Resource Use Allocation. 100

TABLE 6. Resource use allocation and activities. 100 100

Areas of concern Activities Timeframe 100 Protection Policy formulation (whenever necessary) 2009-2034 100

passage of policies 2009-2034 75 , 66 75 , 66 enforcement of policies 2009-2034 75

IEC (conduct of pulong-pulong, attendance during ABC sessions, 2009-2034 75

billboards and signage installation, production of printed materials) 50 , 40

Creation and selection of DENROs 2010 50 , 40 50 Training/orientation on deputation of DENROs (in-house) 2010 50

Maintenance and Training on nursery establishment 2009 100

management Nursery establishment (collection of seedlings) 2009-2011 100 Planting 2009-2011 100 Fencing of newly planted materials 2009-2011 100 100

Monitoring 2009-2034 100

Technical training 2009-2012 100 100 Fund sourcing 2009-2012 C M 50 Coordination/networking with agencies and institutions 2009-2034 50 50 Solid waste management 2009-2034 Y K

Coastal clean-up 2009-2034 50

Organizational strengthening activities of KAMAMADO 2009-2012 50 , 40

Savings mobilization 2010-2034 50 , 40 50

utilization Eco-tourism (training on boat handling, tour guiding, life guard, food 2010-2012 50

handling and preparation, search and rescue) 100

Promotion and marketing 2009-2011 100

Seedling propagation and marketing 2010-2034 100

Mariculture activities 2009-2010 100 100 Infrastructure installation/construction (footbridge, center) 2010 100

Livelihood skills training 2010 100

Financial management systems installation 2009-2010 100 Profit sharing scheme establishment 2009-2010 50 50 project proposal development 2009-2010 Fund sourcing 2009-2012 100 , 100 ,

4. Joint Community & DENR Assessment of Resources Usage/Extraction 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 • Existing mangrove vegetation needs enrichment planting, reforestation and protection. 50

• Cutting/harvesting of mangroves within CBFM area shall not be allowed (per existing DENR 100

policy). 100

• Policies (local level) for protection and regulation of activities within CBFM area need to be 100

passed. 100 • Wildlife within the CBFM area shall be protected by local policies. 100

• Establish mechanism of monitoring/feedback giving and reporting between the DENR and 100 KAMAMADO. 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 144 Appendix 6 100 100 100 5.The Community’s Indica- 100

100 tive Forest Management

100 Strategies

100 • Enhance capacities of 50 KAMAMADO for effec- 50

50 , 40 tive forest and organiza- 50 , 40 tional management. 100 , • Link/coordinate closely 100 , with LGUs, NGas, NGOs 100 , for assistance. 100 , • Regular conduct of meet- 100 ings to monitor progress 100 of CRMF/AWP imple- 100 mentation. 100 • Participation of the ma- 100

100 jority of members in

100 CBFM activities, i.e.,

100 planting, nursery estab-

50 lishment, trainings/semi- 50

50 , 40 nars, monitoring and pa-

50 , 40 trol operation.

100 , • Conduct of continuous

100 , IEC to community resi- K dents of Dolores. Y 50

50 • Fund sourcing for the es- 100

M tablishment/promotion C 100 of Basyaw Cove as Eco- 100 FIG. 10. proposed uses tourism destination. 100

100 6. The Community’s Proposed Environmental & Socio-economic Impact Indicators 100

100 a. Environmental

100 • Complete reforestation/rehabilitation of the 6.37-hectare mangrove area in Basyaw Cove.

50 • Increased/sustained population of wildlife in Basyaw Cove. 50

50 , 40 • Established nursery.

50 , 40 • Policies passed locally for protection and management of Basyaw Cove. • Mangrove management integrated in the comprehensive CRM/Development Plan of the 50 LGU. 50 • Reduced soil erosion. 50

50 • Reduced vulnerability of communities to climatic changes (typhoons, floods, heavy rains,

100 storms).

100 • Institutionalized law enforcement activities for environmental protection.

100 • Reduced violations within the CBFM area. 100 • Increase in population of marine organisms (fish, shellfish, crustaceans, etc.) 100 • Tourist and study area destination of schools, private individuals, scientists, etc. 100 • Appropriate waste management/coastal clean-up practiced regularly. 100

100 b. Socio-economic

50 • Increase in income of members by 20% from the existing income of P4505 (2009). 50

50 , 40 • Improved dwelling units of 20% of members.

50 , 40 • Improved health and sanitation practices of 50% of members. • Majority of members practice savings at home. 75

75 • Increase in number of members of KAMAMADO. 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 158 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 6 145 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

• Families able to send children to college. 50

• Functional and operational KAMAMADO. 50

• KAMAMADO implementing/managing income generating projects. 100

• Skills training provided for KAMAMADO members. 100

• Community-based eco-tourism in place. 100

• Business linkages established with resort and hotels owners. 100 100

7. The Community’s Proposed Financing Strategy and Accessible Resources/Funds 100 100 • Internal resource mobilization i.e. Capital Build Up (CBU) within KAMAMADO. 100 • KAMAMADO to manage and implement viable income generating projects. • Creation of the TWG (with membership from KAMAMADO and LGU) that will focus on net- 75 , 66 75 , 66 work building and project proposal development. 75

• Fund sourcing and resource accessing (from local and foreign donors). 75

8. The Community’s Proposed Marketing Strategies 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 • Establishment of promotion centers that will showcase products from the community (e.g. handicraft, native delicacies, etc). 50 100 • Advertisement of products and services in the internet, radio, TV and newspapers. 100

• Preparation and reproduction of brochures, flyers and posters of products and services. 100 100 100 100 100 100 C M 50 50 50 Y K 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 146 Appendix 7 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 KAMAMADO, KAMAMADO, ZSL KAMAMAdO members KAMAMAdO ZSL members, KAMAMAdO members ZSL institution/ agency involved KAMAMADO, DENR, Dolores MLGU, BLGU, ZSL PENRO, KAMAMAdO members, BLGU 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 June 2009-May 2010 June 2009-May 100 , 100 , 100 , y 2010 100 , materials; materials; team monitoring record book, record planting knife materials, snacks record book, record planting knife materials, tungki/seedlings KAMAMADO; Logistics neededLogistics Group/ planting materials bamboo, (nylon, fronds, coconut seedling bags) fronds, coconut nylon/ bamboo, twine

mA 100 May-10

100 Apr-10

100 100 Mar-10

100

Feb-10

100 100 Jan-10

Jun E 2009- 100 dec-09

50 x x x x x x recording 50 nov-09 50 , 40

50 , 40 Oct-09

PErio D

100 , Sep-09 100 ,

x x x x x x x x x x x x x Month of Implementation Month

K Aug-09 Y 50

x

50 Jul-09

100 M C Jun-09 100 rin G ThE x x x x x x x xxxxxxxxxxxx 100 E 100 ov 100

100 c 100 ES 100 50 50 ivi Ti 50 , 40 T 50 , 40 Appendix 7. KAMAMADO 2009-2010 AWP Ac 50 F 50 o 50 50 1. creation of monitoring team of monitoring 1. creation 2. set schedule for monitoring schedule for 2. set maintenance/monitoring (removal (removal maintenance/monitoring of lumot and tagimtim/barnacles; of dead mangroves) replacement with PO members 1. meeting (bayanihan @ Sorohan 2. planting system) materials Detailed work plan work Detailed and materials of planting 1. sourcing system) bagging (bayanihan (area/location) 1. shed/nursery with PO members 2. meeting PO from contribution 3. gather (materials) members of (removal monitoring maintenance/ of replacement lumot and tagimtim; dead plants) 100 100 100 chArT 100 TT 100 100 100 GAn 1 monitoring team team 1 monitoring (all established monthly members; with monitoring per 8 members 1 overall group; incharge) monitoring team team monitoring established; schedule set 5000 bakhaw 5000 bakhaw planted Targets 2700 mixed seedlings mangrove = 1000, (bungalon = 1000, bakhaw = 500, pagatpat = 100, piagao = 100) bantigue 1 nursery shed 1 nursery installed 1 monitoring established team (3 members); schedule set 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 Maintenance Maintenance and monitoring Planting 5000 bakhaw planting of bakhaw sourcing KAMAMADO Annual Work Plan KAMAMADO Annual Work activity/plan Key of work management Mangrove of concern: Area nursery establishment 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 160 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 7 147 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 PEC, PEDO- PEC, ZSL PCO, KAMAMAdO members, MLGU, BLGU, ZSL PENRO, KAMAMAdO members, MLGU, BLGU, ZSL PENRO, ZSL, MLGU KAMAMAdO members, MLGU, BLGU, ZSL PENRO, ZSL, PEC, TESDA, MLGU, dTi KAMAMAdO ZSL members, KAMAMAdO ZSL, members, BLGU KAMAMAdO members, MLGU BLGU, KAMAMAdO ZSL members, 100 100 100 100 100 75 , 66 resource persons persons resource & training materials materials, food, food, materials, fuel and oil, gasoline orientation orientation materials resource persons persons resource & training materials materials, food materials, & training materials record book, record planting knife materials, transportation copies expenses, of policies record book record 75 , 66 75 75 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 x x x persons resource 50 x x training 100 x x 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 x x x x x x x x x training C M 50 50 50 Y x x x x x x K 50 x x x x x x x x x x x x x xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50

100

100 100

100 100 100 100 100

50 50 1. selection of members roles/ of 2. orientation responsibilities 2. Deputation by Mayor/DENR 2. Deputation with officers 1. meeting on simple bookkeeping, 2. training auditing accounting, 1. training design preparation 1. training persons 2. pooling of resource materials of training 3. preparation of participants 4.id/ legworking of trainings 5. conduct design preparation 1. training persons 2. pooling of resource materials of training 3. preparation of participants 4.id/ legworking of trainings 5. conduct 1. drafting of policies 1. drafting 2. meeting 1. submission/ lobying by BLGU/MLGU 2. adoption 1. ieC 2.GA and training 3.orientation 4. conduct regular patrol regular 4. conduct Mangrove maintenance (basura, (basura, maintenance Mangrove removal); & lumot tagimtim of dead mangroves replacement Data recording (# planted, species, (# planted, recording Data area) 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 1 denRO team team 1 denRO (7 created members) 1 training (denR) of training 1.Conduct systems installed, installed, systems conducted trainings on bookkeeping, auditing and accounting 20 members gained gained 20 members skills technical on (3 trainings tour handicraft, guinding, food handling) & all 2 trainings officers 2 policies formulated 2 policies lobied BLGU/ adoption for MLGU 2 policies fully enforced 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Creation of Creation den ROs Training/ of deputation den ROs Systems Systems installation Area of concern: pO strengthening of concern: Area Conduct of technical trainings Conduct of Leadership trainings Area of concern: Mangrove protection Mangrove of concern: Area policy formulation of passage policies policy enforcement 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 148 Appendix 7 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 PLGU, MLGU, MLGU, PLGU, ZSL, other agencies PLGU, MLGU, MLGU, PLGU, ZSL, other agencies MLGU, BLGU, ZSL, DOT KAMAMADO, DENR, BFAR, other agencies PLGU, MLGU, MLGU, PLGU, ZSL, other agencies KAMAMADO, KAMAMADO, PLGU, MLGU,ZSL other agencies PLGU, MLGU, MLGU, PLGU, ZSL, BLGU, other agencies KAMAMADO, KAMAMADO, ZSL ZSL ZSL ZSL 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 , construction construction work materials, plan and design building design, plan, work construction materials PhP 200,000.00 KAMAMADO, proposals/plans, capital, initial materials construction construction sketch materials, plan and design construction construction work materials, plan and design signage materials materials signage monthly dues monthly CBU policy KAMAMADO, food, suppliesfood, KAMAMADO, copy of CBLcopy KAMAMADO, 100 100 100 x x 100 100 100 x x x x project 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 100 , 100 , K Y 50 50 x x x x x x 100 M C 100 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x policy on x x x xxxxxxxxxxxx 100 100

100 100 100

100

50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40

50 50 50 50 1. formulate nursery sketch plan sketch nursery 1. formulate 2. construction 2. monitoring 1. meeting and planning 1. meeting with PO members 1. meeting of area 2. id/location of installation 3. construction/ projects livelihood 4. fund sourcing 5. operation 2. construction & installation 2. construction 1. sketch plan 1. sketch 2. construction 1. sketch plan 1. sketch 2. construction 2. meeting with members to set to set with members 2. meeting schedule and solicit materials 3. construction 1. formulate sketch plan sketch 1. formulate with members 1. meeting on monthly 2. policy development dues dues- P10 of monthly 3.collection meeting 1. organizational discussion for membership 2. plan for 1. re-orientation seminar to members to members seminar 1. re-orientation meetings regular on CBL every with members 1. meeting on CBU 2. policy development CBU- P10 of monthly 3.collection 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 permanent 1 permanent structure physical structures structures physical (center, established docking footwalk, of conduct areas, trainings) 1 enterprise and developed (mud implemented fattening) crab 4 signages of the signage content 1. formulate 50 meters 1 permanent 1 permanent structure 1 center (light (light 1 center materials) montly dues montly (P6,600) collected 1 meeting 1 meeting conducted reorientation of all reorientation members to raise P6,600 raise to 55 members from 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 Construction of Construction shed nursery Area of concern: enterprise development enterprise of concern: Area eco-tourism establishment establishment of Mariculture activities Construction Construction of the project signage Construction of Construction bridge the foot construction of construction center the info and CR Area of concern: infrastructure development infrastructure of concern: Area of Construction the KAMAMAdO Center Savings Savings mobilization Membership Membership plan formulation Popularization Popularization of organizational policies/CBL CBU 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 162 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 7 149 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 Other institutions, KAMAMADO, ZSL KAMAMADO, KAMAMADO, Council, Brgy. ZSL ZSL KAMAMADO, KAMAMADO, Tourism Council KAMAMADO, KAMAMADO, DENR, BFAR, ZSL KAMAMADO, KAMAMADO, DENR, BFAR, DOST, ZSL, DOT, dTi 100 100 100 100 100 75 , 66 Attested by Attested LORiLLA RAUL pen RO IEC materials, materials, IEC materials billboard for construction proposals/plans food, suppliesfood, KAMAMADO, advertisement project proposals project training design training and materials, resource food persons, 75 , 66 75 75 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 x x x x x Funds for x 100 100 100 100 100 x x x x x x x x 100 100 C M 50 50 50 Y LEONORA T. MAGNO T. LEONORA FMS Chief, II/OIC, Forester Reviewed and Checked by and Checked Reviewed K 50 xxxxxxxxxxxx x x x x x x x x x x x x project 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50

100

100 100

100

100 100 100 100 50 JOSEPHINE P. SAVARIS JOSEPHINE P. JOVEN ROSALIE ZSL-CMRP Phils., Inc. Assisted by Assisted 50 1. meeting and formulation of policy formulation and 1. meeting sharing on profit 2. writing of policy 3. implementation 1. participation on bgy general general on bgy 1. participation activities- assembly/community fiestas and with provincial 2. Advocacy council tourism national 3. media guesting 1. sourcing of printed materials materials of printed 1. sourcing comics) posters, (brochures, materials of IEC posting 2. regular 1. training design preparation 1. training persons 2. pooling of resource materials of training 3. preparation of participants 4.id/ legworking of trainings 5. conduct 1. solicitation 2. submission of proposals 1. PO consultation writing 2. proposal 3. submission 4. follow-up 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 profit sharing profit established At least 3 sessions least At attended/ conducted 1 billboard installed installed 1 billboard (ieC) 1 training on 1 training livelihood identified 3 project proposals proposals 3 project least (at developed 1 approved) 100 100 100 100 piO 100 100 100 Profit sharing Profit scheme establishment Area of concern: IEC activities IEC of concern: Area pulong sessions Billboard Billboard installation Livelihood skills Livelihood Training Fund sourcing 0.5M generated project proposal proposal project development BONIFACIO SAPIO BONIFACIO KAMAMAdO president LiLi A SA KAMAMAdO Treasurer GARLAN SHERLITA KAMAMAdO Secretary prepared by prepared 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 150 Appendix 8 100 100 100 Appendix 8. CRM plan of Ivisan 100 100 100

100 locAl GovErnmEnT uniT oF iviSAn COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN 50

50 2012-2016 50 , 40 50 , 40 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 100 , 100 , K Y 50

50 Table of Contents 1 100 M C 100 List of Acronyms 2

100 Chapter 1: Background Information 3 100 A. Vision, Mission and Objectives 3 100

100 B. The CRM Planning Process 4

100 C. Site profile 4 100 Chapter 2: Development Problems, Issues, and Concerns 6 50

50 Chapter 3: Management and Operations Plan 9 50 , 40

50 , 40 A. Coastal Zoning 9 Zone 1. Mariculture Zone 9 50

50 Zone 2. Protection Zone 9

50 Zone 3. Sustainable Eco-tourism Zone 10 50 Zone 4. Multiple-Use Zone 10 100

100 Zone 5. Fishpond Zone 11

100 Zone 6. Stationary Fishing Gear Zone 11 100 C. Fisheries Management 13 100

100 D. Habitat Conservation and Protection 19

100 E. Shoreline Management 22 100 F. Coastal Tourism 25 50

50 G. Enterprise and Livelihood 29 50 , 40

50 , 40 H. Waste Management 30 I. Legal Arrangement and Institutional Development 32 75

75 Appendices 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 164 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 151 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 liST oF AcronymS 50 50

BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources 100 100

BFARMC Barangay Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council 100

BLGU Barangay Local Government Unit 100 100 BSWM Bureau of Soil and Water Management 100

CLe Coastal Law enforcement 100 dA department of Agriculture 100 denR department of environment and natural Resources 75 , 66 75 , 66 75 DILG Department of Interior and Local Government 75 dpWH Department of Public Works and Highways 50 , 40 dTi department of Trade and industry 50 , 40 50

eO Executive Order 50

FLeT Fishery Law enforcement Team 100 FRMp Fisheries Resource Management project 100 100

HLURB Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board 100 LCe Local Chief Executive 100 100

LGU Local Government Unit 100 100 MAO Municipal Agriculture Office C M 50

MeO Municipal Engineering Office 50 50 Y

MFC Municipal Fisheries Code K 50 MFARMC Municipal Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council 50 , 40 MFMU Municipal Fisheries Management Unit 50 , 40 50 MHO Municipal Health Office 50

MpA Marine protected Area 100

MpdO Municipal Planning and Development Office 100 100 MTO Municipal Treasurer’s Office 100

NGO Non Government Organization 100 100

OpA Office of the Provincial Agriculture 100

pCA philippine Coconut Authority 100 50 PCG Philippine Coast Guard 50 pCRA Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment 100 ,

PLGU Provincial Local Government Unit 100 ,

pnp Philippine National Police 50 , 40 50 , 40 pO People’s Organization 50 50

RA 8550 Republic Act 8550 (Fisheries Code of 1998) 100

SB Sangguniang Bayan 100 100 TWG Technical Working Group 100

ZSL Zoological Society of London 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 152 Appendix 8 100 100 100

100 chAPTEr i. BAcKGrounD inFormATion 100

100 In Ivisan, a 5 year CRM Plan covering the period 2005-2010 was developed by BFAR through the

100 Fisheries Resource Management Project (FRMP) in 2004. The CRM Plan focused in addressing

50 the coastal resource management issues and concerns of the 10 coastal barangays (from the 15 to-

50 tal barangays) of Ivisan. Recently, the LGU of Ivisan realized that a new CRM Plan needs to be 50 , 40

50 , 40 developed to continue projects and programs which were unaccomplished after the 5 years imple-

100 , mentation period and come up with a new set of plans that would answer the issues of the current

100 , situation. Prior to developing the next set of plans however, the 2005-2010 CRM plan was reviewed

100 , and evaluated by key stakeholders. Barangay consultations were conducted where existing coastal 100 , issues were identified. The outputs of both activities were then used as basis for developing the CRM

100 plan covering the period, 2012- 2016. The Municipal Fisheries Code (MFC) was also formulated to

100 complement the CRM Plan and will put in place effective protection and management of fisheries

100 and coastal resources whereby overfishing and destructive fishing activities are controlled, utiliza- 100 tion of fisheries/ coastal resources are rationalized and damaged habitats are rehabilitated. 100 100 A. CRM Vision and Mission 100

100 Led by the Municipal Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council (MFARMC), the mu-

50 nicipality of Ivisan reviewed and developed the CRM Vision and Mission statements as follows: 50 50 , 40 CRM Vision: “Progressive coastal and marine area abundant in fish and other resources, sustainably 50 , 40 managed and properly protected by people united under a responsive leadership” 100 ,

100 , Major strategies: K Y 50 • Continuous strict implementation of the Municipal Fisheries Code and RA 8550

50 • Implementation of a zoning ordinance on the use of Ivisan waters 100 M • Stop illegal activities in fishing and in the coastal areas such as mangrove cutting C 100 • Regulations passed on proper waste disposal 100 • Regular patrol operation of the Bantay Dagat 100 • Government supports community initiatives such as mangrove planting 100 • Protection and legislation of designated Marine Protected Areas 100 • Regulations on fishpond related activities 100

100 • Cooperation and coordination among key stakeholders such as the community of fishers and the

50 government 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 B. The CRM Planning Process

50 In formulating the CRM Plan and the Municipal Fisheries Code (MFC) the following activities were

50 conducted:

50 1. Policy Development Workshop, 25-26 January 2011 – where issues on CRM from the 50

100 10 coastal barangays were identified, analyzed and prioritized by key stakeholders (Appendix A).

100 Initial recommendations were likewise identified. 100 2. Presentation of the Policy Development Workshop output to the SB, 7 March 2011 100 –outputs of the Policy Development Workshop were presented to the SB for consideration, out- 100

100 line of the MFO was discussed and dates for the conduct of the CRM workshop was agreed.

100 3. CRM Plan 2005-2010 review and assessment, 21-22 March 2011 – the 2005-2010 100 CRM Plan of Ivisan (not legislated by the SB) was reviewed as to accomplishments. Initial gaps 50 identified/ recommended for inclusion in the 2011-2016 CRM Plan (Appendix B). 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 4. Coastal Law Enforcement (CLE) Assessment, 22 March 2011 – the CLE operations and structure was evaluated where areas to improve performance and strength such as logistical 75 needs, trainings and patrol routes vs violations were identified (Appendix C). 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 166 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 153 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

5. Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment (PCRA), 6-8 April 2011 - This process 50

used four essential tools, community mapping, seasonal calendars, daily activity schedules and 50

trends analysis. These tools make the community actively come together and recognize key re- 100

sources, how the community interacts with one another and with these resources, and the issues 100

in the community as a whole thereby enhancing the capacity of communities in self analysis and 100

decision-making (Appendix D). 100 100

6. Marine Protected Area (MPA) Assessment, 7 April 2011 – An assessment tool was used 100

to determine level of MPA management. The gaps were used as inputs for determining MPA 100

activities geared towards better management in the future (Appendix E). 100

7. Coastal Resource Management (CRM) Plan Development and Municipal Fisher- 75 , 66 75 , 66 ies Code (MFC) Formulation Workshop, 12-14 April 2011 – A workshop which was at- 75

tended by major stakeholders (Appendix F) in Ivisan was conducted to present results of the 75

PCRA and formulate the detailed CRM management/ operations plan 2012-2016 and draft the 50 , 40

MFC. 50 , 40 50 50

C. Site profile 100

History would tell us that Ivisan derived its name from “Ibis” a delicious small fish that abound in 100 the area. 100 100

Ivisan serves as the main gateway of the Province of Capiz to the rest of the Provinces in the Island of 100

Panay. It is located along the northwestern coast of Panay Island and bounded by the municipalities 100 of Sapian on the west , Panitan on the southeast, Sigma on the south, Roxas City on the northeast 100 100 and Sapian Bay on north. It is 15 kilometers from Roxas City through the national Highway and ap- C M 50 proximately 9 kilometers through the provincial road. 50 50 Y

Ivisan has the smallest land area in the province with only 5,420 hectares (54.20 sq. kilometers) K mainly broken down into agricultural land (irrigated and rain fed rice lands), areas planted with 50

other crops (coconut, bamboo, banana, corn, vegetables and root crops) and fishponds. 50 , 40 50 , 40 It is classified as a fourth (4th) class municipality with a total income of P43,242,290.08 in 2009. 50 50

Total population is 25,882 (2007 NSO survey) with an estimated household of 5,165. Annual growth 100

rate is 1.03 % per annum. Gross population density is at 4.77 persons/ hectare. 100 100 The municipality is divided into 15 barangays; of this number 3 are major coastal barangays and 7 100

barangays have rivers and creeks observed to be reached by seawater during high tide. All of these 100

barangays are accessible by land where mode of transportation is motor tricycle, trisikad and public 100

utility jeepneys. Motorized boat is an alternative means of transportation in the coastal barangays. 100 100

Mussel and oyster farming as well as fishing are major livelihoods that occupy the vast areaof 50

Ivisan’s municipal water measuring 103,000 hectares. Handicraft making using locally available 50 materials such as banig is also a livelihood in the municipality. 100 ,

Climate in the municipality is the third type with unpronounced seasonal changes. It is relatively dry 100 ,

during the months of November to April and rainy during the rest of the year. There are four varying 50 , 40 50 , 40 soil types in Ivisan: Sapian clay, Luisiana clay loam, Bantog clay and hydrosol. 50

There are eight identified tourism and resort areas in the Ivisan either found in the upland or the 50 100 beach areas where people can relax and enjoy the beauty of nature. 100

Education is provided by 3 private and 23 government owned pre-schools, 2 primary schools, 13 100 elementary schools and 2 secondary schools. 100 100

Ivisan has 1 main health center with facilities and serves as the office of the Municipal Health Offi- 100

cer, 13 health centers, 2 private dental clinic, 3 private medical clinics and an ambulance. The health 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 167 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 154 Appendix 8 100 100 100 services are taken cared of by 9 full-time Government Health Personnel (1 MHO, 7 Midwives, and a 100

100 nurse) and a dentist.

100 Eight (8) barangays avail of water supply from the Metro Roxas Water District, five (5) have devel- 100 oped spring (level III) while the rest use deep and shallow wells and rainwater. Power supply comes 50 from Capiz Electric Cooperative and supplies all the fifteen barangays. 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 Main sources of water for irrigation are Anoy River and Malocloc Creek. Other farmers use Small

100 , Diversion Dams and Small Water Impounding Projects. 100 ,

100 , chAPTEr ii. DEvEloPmEnT ProBlEmS, iSSuES, AnD concErnS 100 ,

100 The PCRA and the Policy Development Workshop highlighted priority problems, issues and con-

100 cerns of Ivisan affecting its coastal and marine resources, to wit: 100

100 1. Construction of Taba

100 Barangays Poblacion Norte, Poblacion Sur, Agmalobo, Malocloc Sur, Cudian, Agustin Navarra and 100 Matnog identified the construction of “Taba” structure along rivers and creeks as the main cause of 100

100 fry and fingerling loss as these trap small fishes. Taba structures would ultimately reduce supply of marine organisms aside from limiting the passage area of boats. Taba are likewise blamed for the 50

50 piling of silt/ sediments on rivers hence making them shallow. Residents of Barangay Matnog even 50 , 40 fear that their river will disappear if sedimentation and shallowing of river is not controlled. Taba 50 , 40 is said to be one of the major sources of livelihoods of fishers and because of poverty construction 100 ,

100 , anywhere is uncontrollable. At present there is no local policy regulating the control of Taba con-

K struction. Y 50

50 2. Illegal activities (such as dynamite fishing, use of fine meshed net, palupad, trawl 100 M fishing, drag net, taksay and encroachment of commercial fishing vessels) C 100

100 All the coastal barangays have identified various types of illegal fishing activities that are currently

100 in existence such as the use of dynamite in fishing, use of fine meshed nets in catching fish, “palu-

100 pad” and trawl fishing and drag net believed to be using active gear that destroy corals. Trawls are

100 likewise classified as over 3GT and operate on a commercial scale hence encroachment within the

100 municipal waters of Ivisan is considered illegal. Fish that are still small in size and young in age 100 are caught using fine meshed nets thus contributing to “recruitment” overfishing where fishare 50 deprived of the chance to grow big, mature and reproduce. The fishers attribute the proliferation of 50

50 , 40 illegal fishers to non-enforcement of policies, lack of political will, inadequate sea patrol operations, 50 , 40 inactive Bantay Dagat and people’s (resident fishers or from other areas) lack of respect for the law.

50 3. Indiscriminate cutting/ damage on mangroves 50

50 Barangays Balaring, Basiao, Cabugao, Malocloc Sur, Agustin Navarra, Matnog and Cudian have ob-

50 served that indiscriminate cutting and damaging of mangroves are existing issues that would need 100 attention. The mangroves in the barangays mentioned are the last remaining mangroves in Ivisan 100 hence protection and conservation is required. The main causes why mangrove destruction is a 100 concern are: 1) areas where mangroves are planted are also areas for boat access to the sea hence 100 planted areas are considered by the residents as hindrance, 2) charcoal making using mangroves is 100

100 a livelihood of many residents, 3) expansion of existing fishpond areas where mangroves are indis-

100 criminately cut to convert more areas for fish culture, and 4) use of mangrove as firewood by many

100 coastal households and bakeries. In areas where Nipa or other mangroves species would impede

50 water flow in rivers, trimming or removing of such stands needs to be done to maintain efficient 50

50 , 40 water flow, river depth and width. However, necessary permits need to be secured with the DENR.

50 , 40 4. Fishpond expansion by illegally constructing dikes that encroach in river areas 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 168 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 155 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 This is a major concern in barangays where culture of fish in ponds is a livelihood with operators 50

wanting to increase area of operation to gain more income. Effects of such an activity are narrow- 50

ing and shallowing of rivers that would cause flooding, loss of mangroves and limitation of boats 100

navigational passageways. The fishers observed that the BFAR has not been proactively monitoring 100 fishpond operation in the area. 100 100

5. Disappearing fish species and decreasing/ poor fish catch 100 100

All of the coastal barangays observed that fish species are slowly disappearing and decreasing in vol- 100

ume of harvest over a 40 years period and beyond. Main causes of fish disappearance and decrease 100 catch are harvesting of juvenile fish species, continuous illegal fishing activities, increase in number 75 , 66 of residents engaging in fishing for lack of an alternative source of income and shallowing of rivers. 75 , 66 Commonly disappearing fish/ shell fish species as mentioned by the fishers are damus, cabasi, bo- 75 nito, tabangongo, alibalay, pompano, lali, balanak, kikilo, danggit, lukon, bulgan, mangagat, inid, 75

pagi, litob, dalinuan, nipa-nipa, tuway, ubod, bilaog, tikhan, abahong, bagtis, pasayan, bugaong, 50 , 40 50 , 40

gisaw, tanga and tilapia. Fishers from barangays Basiao, Cabugao, Cudian and Matnog are presently 50

catching 2-3 kilos/ day of fishing. A very grim scenario is being projected by many fishers that catch 50

in 2015 would be highest at 1 kilo and worst at nothing. 100

6. Absence of water zoning/ water use plan 100 100

The residents of Basiao and Cabugao observed that the present set up of mussel and oyster farms 100 in their areas are crowded because of too many bamboo stakes. Ivisan is known for its best tast- 100 ing mussels and oysters hence considered as major income generating livelihoods for the many 100 residents particularly of the two barangays mentioned. The lack of a zoning plan to clearly delin- 100 100 C M eate plots allowed people to construct structures anywhere resulting to limitation in passageways of 50

boats. Heavy silt deposit was observed in the area where there are many mussels and oyster stakes 50 50 (resulting from limitation of efficient circulation/ water flow) making the depths of the coastal areas Y K

to become shallow. What aggravates the situation is the lack of a tracking mechanism and a flaw in 50 the LGU permitting and licensing process to allow only Ivisan residents exclusivity in mussel and 50 , 40 oyster production within its coastline after necessary payments are made. 50 , 40 50

7. Improper waste disposal 50 100 Wastes classified under this issue can either be domestic garbage or agricultural/ chemical run-off 100

from the uplands and fishponds. Domestic garbage majority of which consists of plastics are usually 100

dumped on the shoreline of Ivisan from the neighboring City of Roxas. This is carried during floods 100

or during days of big waves. Garbage beyond tolerable quantities are pollutants that can cause death 100

to fish and shell fish. Chemical run-offs due to unsound agriculture and aquaculture practices can 100

also cause death to fishes. Chemicals used in fishponds to kill predatory fish species when released to 100

the sea without proper treatment can kill fishes. These dead fish when eaten by humans can become 100 a health hazard. Several policies were already in place as to proper waste disposal however the lack 50 of community discipline and political will to implement the law is still a problem. 50 100 , 8. Inadequate community participation 100 ,

It was observed that many of the coastal residents particularly fishers lack interest in joining com- 50 , 40 50 , 40 munity organizations and its activities due to negative experiences in past projects and simply be- 50

cause they don’t see the benefits of environmental projects. 50 100 9. Boundary dispute between Ivisan and Sapian on municipal water area 100

The issue on municipal water area delineation between the adjacent municipalities of Ivisan and Sa- 100 pian which started 9 decades ago is still present today. In 2005, NAMRIA surveyed and plotted the 100 100 boundaries however the adjacent municipality of Sapian refused to honor such result. This caused 100

problems on Ivisanon fishers as they are being apprehended and fined by Sapian authorities when 100

caught fishing in the disputed area. 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 156 Appendix 8 100 100 100

100 CHAPTER III. MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS PLAN 100

100 Component 1: Coastal zoning 100

50 Objectives

50 • To delineate zones for specific uses or activities in the municipal waters. 50 , 40

50 , 40 • To eliminate use conflicts in the utilization of the municipal waters.

100 , • To regulate activities in the different zones. 100 ,

100 , Zoning plan 100 , a. Zone 1 otherwise known as Mariculture Zone - Mariculture area covers the municipal 100 waters at Basiao (specifically tidal flats at Palanas and Looc), Cabugao (specifically Taguikan and 100 Tigis), tidal flats along Cudian river, Matnog and Agustin Navarra for oyster and mussel cul- 100

100 ture; covers the municipal waters at Basiao (specifically Looc and Baybay) and Cabugao Cove at

100 100 meters from the shoreline, and Malakha islet at 50 meters from the shoreline (on the deeper

100 side where there is no coral growth) for fish culture in cages. 100

100 Activities allowed in the mariculture zone are research and scientific studies, regulated study visits and production using appropriate method (e.g. hanging and raft method for oyster and 50

50 mussel culture and anchor or corner poles to prevent siltation for fish cages). 50 , 40

50 , 40 All persons, cooperatives or associations (or corporations) must secure licenses and permits

100 , from the municipal government prior to setting up of mariculture activities within the municipal 100 , waters of Ivisan. Fishing activities such as pamanti and patuloy are not allowed within the mari- K Y 50 culture zone. Dumping of waste in the designated mariculture zone is also prohibited. 50 Mariculture farm operators/ owners shall be required to submit production report annually. The 100 M C

100 report shall include investment cost, production report (kilos), type of species cultured, feeds

100 used (commercial or trash fish) and volume, issues and problems and recommendations. A re-

100 port format will be provided by the office of the MAO. The annual report shall be a prerequisite

100 for issuance/ renewal of license and permit. (MAO needs to reproduce a simplified report form) 100

100 b. Zone 2 otherwise known as Protection Zone - Covers the municipal fish sanctuary and

100 reserve area in Barangay Balaring (830 hectares) specifically located in Marocol Gamay and

50 Daku, Mahabang Pulo from Marangkalan point to Nailong point; mangroves in Barangays

50 Balaring (50 hectares from Sitio Cagusong to Kabulihan), Agustin Navarra (50 hectares from Si- 50 , 40

50 , 40 tio Dapdap to Talon, Roxas City boundary and the boundary with Matnog), Cabugao (.6 hectares from Cabugao river to Taguikan; .45 hectares from Mayha to Bara Majanlud boundary), Matnog 50 (from the main dike of Alcazaren fishpond to Agmalobo boundary), Agmalobo (from the main 50 dike of Ledesma fishpond to Bulabod river, Poblacion Sur boundary) and Cudian (32 hectares 50 along Cudian river and Dait river); seagrass beds found in some parts of Balaring (Dinugmaan 50

100 point and Kanduyong point; Panublihan to Marangkalan point) and vicinities of Malakha islet. 100 Future MPAs that will be established (including Tuad island near boundary lines between Roxas 100 City and Ivisan) shall likewise be classified under the protection zone. 100

100 Activities in the protection zone are limited to scientific and research studies, education, eco- 100 tourism and regulated fishing and gleaning activities. Designated navigational lanes shall be pro- 100 vided in areas where seagrasses are abundant. Cutting and conversion of mangroves for other 100 uses is not allowed. Bird hunting and other human activities (e.g. dumping of solid and human 50 waste) inside the mangroves are likewise not allowed. All protection areas shall be delineated 50 50 , 40 with markers/ buoys. 50 , 40 Areas where artificial reefs are deployed shall be part of the protection zone. Deployment of ARs 75 shall conform with the Joint DENR-DA-DILG-DND Memo Order No.1 Series of 2000. 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 170 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 157 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 c. Zone 3 otherwise know an Eco-tourism Zone - Covers the portion of the fish sanctuary 50

and reserve area from Dinugmaan point to Marangkalan point (declared as recreational zone 50

within the marine reserve) and Tuad (watch tower), beach resorts and other areas as may be 100

identified by the LGU of Ivisan. 100 100

The recreation area in the marine fish sanctuary and reserve shall be declared as eco-tourism 100

zone. Activities allowed in the recreation area are picture taking, swimming and picnic, bird 100

watching, and island hopping however bringing of foods and cooking are only allowed in desig- 100 nated areas. 100 100 The activities that are not allowed in the eco-tourism areas include (nude scene/topless) littering 75 , 66 of garbage, gathering or collecting of sand, gravel and corals, bringing and using drugs, public 75 , 66 scandals, cutting of trees or destroying of plants and hunting of any animal species. 75 75 d. Zone 4 otherwise known as Multiple-Use Zone - Areas within the municipality of Ivisan where gleaning activities are conducted, fish landing areas, fry gathering areas, fish drying areas, 50 , 40 50 , 40 rivers and creeks are classified under the multiple-use zone. 50 50

Gleaning areas (panginhasan) are found in the shoreline of Malakha island, rocky shoreline in 100

Balaring from Panublihan to barangay proper; Marangkalan to Marokol, Tigis and Magulayag 100

and Mayha in Cabugao. 100 100

Overturning rocks and use of rake in shell gathering is not allowed during gleaning. 100

All fishing boats should land their fish at designated fish landing areas. No dumping of garbage 100 or any waste materials (e.g. use oil, lubricants/grease, etc) is allowed in the coastal areas. Con- 100 100 C M struction of structures in the coastal and marine areas is not allowed without proper permits and 50

licenses from the LGU. Landing of contraband goods in Ivisan shoreline is not allowed. 50 50 Y

Fry gathering shall be allowed on concession basis. Necessary LGU permit shall be secured prior K to operation. Grant of concession permit shall go through a bidding process. 50 50 , 40 No fish drying areas shall be permitted within 100 meters from beach resorts. LGU permit is 50 , 40 required for large scale fish drying activities while small scale or backyard fish drying activities 50 are not required to secure permits. 50 100

e. Zone 5 otherwise know as Fishpond Zone - Identified aquaculture areas within the munici- 100 pality of Ivisan intended for production of fish and shrimps that are located in Barangays Cudian, 100 Poblacion Norte and Sur, Agmalobo, Matnog, Agustin Navarra, Balaring, Cabugao, Basiao and 100 Malocloc Sur. 100 100

All fishpond operators shall operate in areas stipulated in the FLA agreement with BFARor 100

within the bounds of the title or property. 100 50

f. Zone 6 otherwise know as Stationary Fishing Gear Zone - Covers offshore waters at 50

Cabugao, Balaring and Basiao within the Municipality of Ivisan 100 ,

Stationary fishing gears in offshore waters at Cabugao, Balaring and Basiao shall conform with 100 , the provisions of RA 8550. 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 Middle portion and mouths of rivers and creeks shall be off limits to any construction. Reclama- 50

tion and gathering of sand and gravel (commercial scale) is likewise not allowed in rivers and 100 creeks. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 158 Appendix 8 100 100 100 Strategy 1: Designate Zone for Specific Uses 100 100 Timeframe 100 Activities Groups involved logistics needed 100 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

50 Formation of TWG to eO of LCe x none 50

50 , 40 undertake coastal zoning 50 , 40 Conduct Information drive TWG, BFARMC, x Public address system, IEC 100 , on plan for zoning of coastal MTO, SB, MAO materials (P10,000.00/ 100 , areas year) 100 ,

100 , Conduct of actual survey/ BFARMC, Brgy x GPS, evelon nylon, plotting of existing area Officials, TWG, markers & buoys

100 based on resource map PNP, Coast (P40,000.00) 100 Guard, DENR 100 Conduct public hearing of the SB x Draft ordinance, 100 proposed zoning plan public address system, 100 IEC materials, maps 100 (P10,000.00) 100

100 enact coastal zoning SB x none

50 ordinance 50

50 , 40 Install markings or buoys/ BFARMC, Brgy x Buoys, containers with

50 , 40 setting of boundaries Officials, TWG flaglets (P30,000.00) 100 ,

100 , prepare and reproduce ieC BFARMC, MAO, x Supplies, computers

K materials SB (P30,000.00) Y 50

50 Formation and operationali- LCe x Supplies P10,000.00/year) 100 M zation of the management & C 100 monitoring team 100 enforcement BFARMC, MAO, x None (included in the BD 100 pnp budget) 100 100 Component 2: Fisheries Management 100

100 Objectives 50 • To regulate access to the municipal waters and reserve its resources for the benefits of our local 50

50 , 40 municipal fishers. 50 , 40 • To regulate exploitation of resources and fishing efforts to sustainable levels. • To ensure sustainable development and management of the fisheries resources whereby produc- 50

50 tivity of fisheries resources is increased.

50 • To develop monitoring, control and surveillance mechanism and strengthen law enforcement

50 unit. 100

100 Strategy 1: Strengthening the Management of Ivisan Municipal Fish Sanctuary and

100 Reserve 100

100 Timeframe

100 Activities Groups involved logistics needed 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 100

100 Re-install markers in the area BFARMC x x x x x 1 GPS (Garmin) =

50 and its maintenance P30,000 Improvised

50 Bouys (40pcs)@2,500= 50 , 40 100,000.00/yr 50 , 40 Designation of Reserve LCe x no cost

75 Administrator and its staff 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 172 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 159 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Creation of marine sanctuary MFMU, BFARMC, x x No cost (back to back 50

management team in BLGU with activity on MPA 50

Balaring and Basiao and in management plan 100

other proposed areas and its formulation) 100

operationalization Operation – P12,000/year 100

Formulation of MPA MFMU,MFARMC, x Workshop (2days):20 pax 100 management plan BFARMC @150 Plus kit 100 Total=P10,000.00 100 100

Strategy 2: Strict Implementation of Municipal Ordinance on Closed Season 100 75 , 66

Timeframe 75 , 66 Activities Groups involved logistics needed 75

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 75

Amendment of Ord. no. 96- All SB x Public hearing 20 pax @ 50 , 40 14 25 =1,000.00 50 , 40 50

IEC (installation of Billboards/ LGU/MAO x Billboard/Tarpulin(3X6) 10 50

stating closed season in all @ 540= 5,400, IEC leaflets 100 coastal Barangays) 500 @ 1.00=500 Total = P6,100.00 100 100

Strategy 3: Licensing and Permitting of Municipal Fishers, Fishing Gears and Fishing 100 100 Boats 100 100 Timeframe 100 C

Activities Groups involved logistics needed M 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 50 50 50 Registration of fisherfolk (updated Barangay x x x P24,000.00/year Y

list of fisherfolks including fishing officials, K gears used, fishing boats, type of BFARMC, MAO 50

motor, type of mariculture activity 50 , 40

(mussel, oyster, cage culture,) etc.) 50 , 40 50

Computerization of MAO system LCe x P30,000.00 50

(filing, recording, data banking, etc) 100

Creation of the Mun composite LCE, MFMU x none 100 team (MAO, Treasurers office) with 100

the assistance of BLGU 100 Conduct of ad-measurement of LGU/MAO x x x x x P24,000.00/year 100 fishing boats and issuance of the Boat inspectors, 100 following per coastal bgy: LGU composite team 100 permit, license, ID, color coding, 100 certificate of number, certificate of 50 registration, etc. 50 100 ,

Strategy 4: Regulation of the construction and operation of Fish Corrals, other fishing 100 ,

gears and fishing activities that occupy space in the coastal waters and rivers 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 Timeframe

logistics 50 Activities Groups involved

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 needed 100

Evaluation of the area MAO, Barangay x x x x x P24,000.00/ 100 (conduct inventory of type of fishing Official, MPDO, and year 100 gears/owners/operators, current, water other technical agency 100 quality, depth, ph, temperature, etc.) (BFAR, ZSL, DENR etc. ) 100 100

Formulate zoning plan (based on MAO/SB, MPDO, x P10,000.00 100 evaluation) and ordinance DPWH, HLRUB, etc (workshop) 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 160 Appendix 8 100 100 100 Strategy 5: Enforcement of fishery laws 100 100 Timeframe 100 Activities Groups involved logistics needed 100 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

50 Regular conduct of overt and FLeT x x x x x P400,000.00/year 50

50 , 40 covert operation Inclusive of BD

50 , 40 honorarium

100 , Re-organize and re-establish LGU/Bantay x Binoculars, compass, 100 , Bantay Baybay (coast watch) as Dagat Group communication 100 , intelligence arm of Bantay Dagat equipment, mapping 100 , training (P50,000.00)

100 Maintenance of patrol boats (fast LGU/Bantay x x x x x P50,000.00/year 100 patrol boat and support patrol Dagat Group 100 boat) 100

100 Coordination established and LGU/Bantay x x x x x P10,000.00/year

100 operationalized with Phil. Coast Dagat Group

100 Guard/Philippine Navy for

100 support/augmentation

50 Review of Municipal Ordinance on SB, MOA, x No cost (SB session) 50

50 , 40 Fisheries Laws (94-006 s-1994) MFARMC,

50 , 40 fisherfolk leaders

100 , FLeT (2011) enhancement LGU/MAO/ Training 20 pax 2 days 100 , a. training of new members Bantay Dagat x x x x x @150 plus kit @15per K b. deputation (with Special Order) x pax P 8,250.00 Y 50 c. Reorganization and clear x 50 mechanism of enforcement 100 M C

100 established with MLGU, BD and pnp 100 d. assignment of 4 pnp personnel x 100 in the FLeT 100 e. Clear organizational structure x 100 established 100 f. Operation plan developed x 100

50 Completion of watch tower (Solar LGU x P200,000.00

50 power) 50 , 40

50 , 40 Equip the Bantay Dagat Task Force LCE/MAO x P200,000.00 with the following; patrol boat, 50 radio, life jacket, megaphone, GPS, 50 binocular, night vision, maps, hand 50 cuff, first aid medical kits, etc. 50

100 Implement incentives to BD LCE/MAO x x x x x Incentives based on

100 members the penalties collected

100 Provision of additional training: LGU,MAO, x Training 20 pax 2 days 100 SOLAS- survival of life at sea, First MARinA @150 plus kit @15per 100 Aid, para-legal, etc. Red CROSS pax P 8,250.00 100

100 Establish close, contact/ LGU, MAO x x x x x no cost

100 coordination and relationship with FLeT Legal groups (IBP, ELAC, etc.) 50 50

50 , 40 Established Bantay Dagat LGU, MAO x P5,000.00/year

50 , 40 detachment with adequate physical security, equipments and

75 other security measure. 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 174 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 161 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

Strategy 6. Conduct of massive IECs 50 50

Timeframe 100 Activities Groups involved logistics needed 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 100 100

Reproduction and distribution of SB/MAO x P6,000.00 100

Municipal Ordinance to all the 100

coastal barangays 100 Provincial Celebration of Fisherfolk MAO/ x x x x x P5,000.00 100 and Farmer’s day (every September) MFARMC 100

Celebration of Month of the Ocean MAO/ x x x x x P5,000.00 75 , 66 75 , 66 –National (every May) MFARMC 75

Celebration of Fish Conservation MAO, MFARMC x x x x x P5,000.00 75 Week (every 3rd week of October) 50 , 40

Conduct barangay meetings, MAO/SB, arangay x x x x x P20,000.00 50 , 40 assemblies and pulong-pulong officials, LCE 50 50

purchase of 1 unit LCd LCe x P40,000.00 100

Installation of billboards on: 1) illegal BLGU/MAO x P15,000.00 100

fishing activities 2) the different 100

zones and the MFO, in strategic areas 100 100 100

Strategy 7: Community organizing work 100 100 C M Timeframe 50 Activities Groups involved logistics needed 50 50 Y

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 K 50

Conduct para- CO training to selected LGU x P20,000.00 50 , 40 local volunteer and MAO staff for Fisherfolks, 50 , 40 organizing work Local volunteers 50 50

Establish contact, linkage with NGO/ MAO, MPDC x x x x x P5,000.00 100 CdA for management and organizing 100

support 100

Assessment of past, existing and MAO x P12,000.00 100 present organizations 100 100

Component 3: Habitat Management 100 100

Objectives 50

• To protect, conserve and rehabilitate existing habitats. 50

• To improve productivity and biodiversity of corals, seagrasses, mangrove and estuaries. 100 ,

• To enhance community participation in the management of the habitats. 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

Y K MANUAL: MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY: JOJO PAGE 175 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 0 SLUR SLUR SLUR Y K SLUR 0 0

100 162 Appendix 8 100 100 100 Strategy 1: MPA assessment and rehabilitation of existing Ivisan Municipal Fish Sanc- 100

100 tuary and Reserve 100

100 Timeframe logistics Activities Groups involved

50 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 needed 50

50 , 40 Conduct biophysical assessment OPA, MAO, BFAR, x x x x x P25,000.00

50 , 40 denR

100 , Conduct regular feed-backing meeting MFMU, LGU, x x x x x P10,000.00/ 100 , with the community on the result of MAO, year

100 , biophysical assessment Fisherfolks 100 , Artificial reef deployment Bantay Dagat, x P30,000.00-for

100 a. area assessment MAO, MFARMC deployment

100 b. training of divers diving gears

100 c. completion of deployment of ARs

100 (60 units-jackstone type; 4 units box type) to serve as barriers and habitat 100 enhancement 100 d. ieC on ARs 100 e. underwater monitoring after 6 months 100 deployment and quarterly thereafter

50 f. Note: there are existing ARs in Basiao –

50 10 units, box type for deployment 50 , 40 50 , 40 Strategy 2: Mangrove conservation and rehabilitation 100 , 100 , Timeframe K Activities Groups involved logistics needed Y 50 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 50 Training on mangrove mapping with MAO/MPDO, DENR x Training 10 pax 100 M

C GIS/Remote sensing application 2days @150 = 100 P8,250.00 100

100 Inventory and survey/ assessment LGU,MAO x P10,000.00

100 of mangrove areas in the 10 coastal MpdO

100 barangays re; mangrove species, area/ location, MCS, etc. 100

100 Orientation on community based LGU, MAO, x P10,000.00

50 mangrove management and denR

50 rehabilitation plan 50 , 40

50 , 40 Process application for CBFMA PO, MAO, DENR x x P10,000.00

50 Formulation of CRMF (after awarding PO, MAO, DENR, x x x x P5,000.00/year

50 of CBFMA) and AWP (after awarding MpdC of CBFMA and yearly thereafter) 50

50 Conduct ieC on mangroves PO, MAO, DENR x x x x x P3,000.00/ year 100

100 Strategy 3: Conservation and management of seagrass beds 100

100 Timeframe

100 Activities Groups involved logistics needed

100 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

100 Conduct assessment/survey of LGU, MAO, ZSL, x P10,000.00

100 seagrass areas, species, abundance, OpA

50 diversity, biomass, etc. 50

50 , 40 designate area of seagrass beds as LGU, MAO, ZSL, x no cost

50 , 40 protected area or fish sanctuary OpA through a municipal ordinance 75 Formulate management plan for LGU, MAO, ZSL, x P10,000.00 75

75 , 66 seagrass sanctuary OpA 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 176 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 163 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Component 4: Shoreline Management 50

Objectives 50 • To protect the shoreline from further degradation due to destructive activities. 100 100

• To regulate activities in the foreshore area that would affect the condition of the shore. 100 • To minimize erosion and loss of beach to natural and human induced forces 100 100 Strategy 1: Regulation of sand gathering and banning of coral gathering 100 100 Timeframe Activities Groups involved logistics needed 100 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 75 , 66 Conduct of public hearing/consultation SB, MAO, FARMC x P10,000.00 75 , 66 75 Draft, finalize and enact ordinance SB x none adopting national law (RA 8550 and 75

Mining Law) 50 , 40 50 , 40 Conduct information campaign SB, M/BLGU x P10,000.00 50

enforce ordinance FLeT x (included in the 50 BD budget) 100 100

Monitoring and evaluation SB/ TWG x P10,000.00 100

Strategy 2: Setting up and maintenance of coastal setbacks for all kinds of develop- 100 100 ment 100 100 Timeframe 100 Activities Groups involved logistics needed C M 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 50

Conduct IEC (public information MEO, Brgy x P10,000.00 50 50 campaign/ pulong-pulong) on Council Y K

applicable laws 50

Enact ordinance adopting building code SB x none 50 , 40 and other related laws 50 , 40 50 enforcement MEO, Brgy x (included in the 50 council, PNP, BD budget) 100 MARICOM, Coast Guard 100 100

Monitoring MEO, Brgy x P10,000.00 100

council 100 100

Strategy 3: Conservation and Maintenance of seawall/breakwater at Balaring, 100

Cabugao and other selected areas 100 50

Timeframe 50 Activities Groups involved logistics needed 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 100 , Assessment & inventory of existing Brgy council, x P10,000.00 breakwater/seawall MeO 100 , 50 , 40

Regular maintenance of seawall (As the Bgry Council, x x x x x P100,000.00/ 50 , 40 50 need arises) MeO year 50

Fund sourcing Brgy Council x x x x x P5,000.00, 100

Supplies, 100

resolutions 100

Extension of breakwater at Balaring Bgry Council, x x x p2M 100 (Sitio Kabulihan to proper) MEO, NGA 100

(DPWH, PDAF) 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 164 Appendix 8 100 100 100 Strategy 4: Watershed Management 100 100 Timeframe 100 Activities Groups involved logistics needed

100 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

50 Review of the MOA on co- DENR, M/B LGU x none

50 management of watershed 50 , 40

50 , 40 Conduct inventory of trees/plants in DENR, M/B LGU x P10,000.00,

100 , the watershed area sketch map,

100 , supplies

100 , prepare watershed development DENR, M/B LGU x P20,000.00, 100 , plan supplies, computer, GPS 100

100 Conduct of regular tree planting DENR, PCA Brgy x x x x x P10,000.00,

100 activities at upland areas Council, pupils/ seedlings

100 student

100 Close monitoring and surveillance of DENR, M/B LGU x x x x x P5,000.00, 100 activities in the watershed area monitoring forms 100

100 Strict enforcement of forestry law PNP, Tanods, Bantay x x x x x none (will (pd 705) Gubats utilize existing 50 personnel) 50 50 , 40 Enact ordinance requiring graduating SB x none 50 , 40 pupils/students/SKs to plant and 100 , nurture trees-to reinforce national 100 , greening program of pnOY K Y 50 Deputize Bantay Gubats DENR, M/B BLGUs x P30,000.00 for

50 of Cabugao, training, 100 M Agustin, Malocloc Deputation order C 100 Norte, Matnog,

100 Agmalobo, Balaring 100

100 Component 5: Coastal Tourism 100

100 Objectives

100 • To develop the local tourism industry of Ivisan.

50 • To develop local capability in eco-tourism projects that contributes to better coastal manage-

50 ment and community development. 50 , 40

50 , 40 • To provide economic incentives for the barangays by optimizing the tourism potential of their areas. 50

50 Strategy 1: Regulation on the number of tourism facilities and activities at Ilaya-Ivisan, 50 Malocloc Norte, Balaring, Basiao, Cudian, Cabugao, Ondoy and Agustin Navarra. 50

100 Timeframe

100 Groups Activities logistics needed involved 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 100

100 Identify, designate or appoint tourism officer Municipal x none

100 Mayor 100 Creation of Tourism Council LCe x none 100

100 Tourism council meetings Tourism x x x x x P12,000.00/year a. set criteria for potential tourist council 50 destinations 50

50 , 40 b. Identify the list of tourist destinations

50 , 40 (to include Malocloc Norte, 2 mountain resorts for tourism)

75 c. list of requirements to construct/operate 75 resorts 75 , 66

75 , 66 d. identify specialty/services per resort/ site 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 178 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 165 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

Strategy 2: Eco-tourism product development 50 50

Timeframe 100 Activities Groups involved logistics needed 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 100 100 development of an eco-tourism Tourism council x P20,000.00 for 100

master plan and its adoption the Workshop 100

improvement and maintenance of Resort owners, PLGU x x x x x P5M/year 100

support facilities (roads, cottages) 100 Re-organization of resort owners Tourism council and x P5,000.00 100

resort owners 75 , 66 75 , 66 Skills training of manpower on Tourism council and x P50,000.00 75

tourist destination management, resort owners 75 good will and tour guiding, waitering, etc 50 , 40 50 , 40 Training on product labeling, LGU headed by LCE x P50,000.00 50 packaging, marketing of Ivisan 50 products 100 100

Construction of bagsakan center DTI, tourism council, x P500,000.00 100 for Ivisan products (kakanin,shell LGU crafts, dried fish etc.) 100 100

Strategy 3: Maintenance of waste disposal facilities 100 100 100 C M Timeframe 50 Activities Groups involved logistics needed

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 50 50 Y

develop area for organic herbal MAO, Solid waste x P10,000.00 K medicine (using organic fertilizer) in management 50

capsule form board 50 , 40 50 , 40 River / coastal clean- up every year BSWM, PNP, x x x x x P10,000.00/ year 50

(sem break, fiesta, summer) Student 50

a.2. Solid waste volunteers, coast 100 b.2. Demolition of illegal structures guard, BFAR, (taba, talabahan, tahongan, etc.) MAO, LCE 100 100

ieC on the use of material recovery BSWM, brgy x x x x x P10,000.00/ year 100

facility(MRF) council 100 100

Strategy 4: Visitors education management 100 100

Timeframe 50

Activities Groups involved logistics needed 50 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Designate tourism officer for Ivisan LCe x none 100 , 100 ,

designate tourism facilitators for the Brgy captains x none 50 , 40 barangays through resolutions 50 , 40 50 Training/ seminar for tourism officers Tourism council, x x x x x P30,000.00 50 tourism officers, 100 prov. tourism office 100

Develop promotional materials/ Tourism council, x x P50,000.00 100

flyers for Tourist and Ivisanon tourism officers, 100

products prov. tourism office 100

Develop tour packages Tourism council, x none 100 tourism officers, 100 prov. tourism office 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 166 Appendix 8 100 100 100 Strategy 5: User fees and appropriate business development 100 100 Timeframe 100 Activities Groups involved logistics needed

100 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

50 Assess viability of opening part of Tourism council x P5,000.00 50

50 , 40 Marine Sanctuary for diving and

50 , 40 snorkeling, also mangroves as eco- parks and other tourist destinations 100 ,

100 , Identify/ develop user fees and Tourism council x P3,000.00

100 , implement 100 ,

100 Component 6: Enterprise and Livelihood Management 100 Objectives 100

100 • To develop alternative and supplemental income to fishers in order to lessen fishing effort and

100 fishing pressure to the sea.

100 • To develop environment-friendly enterprises and livelihood projects.

100 Strategy 1: Identification and implementation of environment friendly and economi- 100 cally feasible project 50 50

50 , 40 Timeframe

50 , 40 Activities Groups involved logistics needed 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 100 ,

100 , Close supervision and mentoring of LGU, POs x x x x x P12,000.00/year

K pO’s Y 50

50 Assessment of livelihood projects LGU, MAO, POs x P12,000.00/year

100 (past and present) M C 100 proper recording LGU, MAO, POs x x x x x P12,000.00/year 100 and monitoring of the projects/ 100 program 100

100 Identification of appropriate LGU, MAO, POs, x x P20,000.00/year livelihoods assisting groups 100

100 a. Feasibility Study b. Business planning 50 c. Identification of project 50

50 , 40 beneficiaries (with criteria) 50 , 40 Re-orientation/re-org of PO’s LGUs x x x P4,000.00/year 50

50 Component 7: Waste Management 50

50 Objectives

100 • To eliminate or minimize the potential adverse impact of waste to human and environment

100 health especially in the coastal barangays. 100

100 Strategy 1: Coastal water quality monitoring 100

100 Timeframe Activities Groups involved logistics needed 100 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 100 Create task force to monitor the LGU, Municipal x x x x x P10,000.00/ year 50 water quality status at designated and Brgy working 50

50 , 40 sampling stations in coordination groups

50 , 40 with OpA

75 Appropriate funds for the utilization Same as above x x x x x none

75 by the task force 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 180 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 167 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Conduct information dissemination Task force x x x x x P10,000.00/ year 50

to every coastal barangay 50 100 Enact ordinance prohibiting SB x none Barangay residents to scatter/ 100 100 throw/ dispose waste in the river or along the seashore 100 100

Conduct public hearing Task force x P5,000.00 100 100

Strategy 2: Integrated Protection for the Environment (IPE) 100

Timeframe 75 , 66 75 , 66

Activities Groups involved logistics needed 75 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 75 Planting of trees , flowers and Civic organizations, x x x x x P20,000.00 plants in resorts, poultry rice mills, MLGU 50 , 40 50 , 40

backyard piggeries as buffer zone 50

Cleaning of surroundings by civic Civic orgs, LGU x x x x x none 50

action groups operating in the 100

barangays and municipality 100 100

Strategy 3: Monitoring, control and surveillance of sewage waste treatment facilities 100 100

Timeframe 100

Activities Groups involved logistics needed 100 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 100 C M Conduct inventory and inspection to MHO, DA, SB on x x x x x P5,000.00/ year 50

all establishments especially resorts Environment, SB 50 50 , factories, rice mills, backyard Health, SB Tourism Y K

piggeries 50

Implementation of RA 9003, Solid LCE/MAO, MPDC, x x x x x P10,000.00/ year 50 , 40

Waste Management Ordinance and PNP, BLGU (BLGU budget) 50 , 40 ordinance on waste segregation and 50 management in the barangays 50 100

Component 8: Legal Arrangement and Institutional Development 100 100

Objectives 100 • To improve mechanism and arrangement for local governance on coastal management. 100 • To enhance community participation in coastal management planning, legislation, implementa- 100 tion, monitoring and evaluation. 100 100

• To improve the delivery of coastal management related services. 50

• To strengthen the network and linkages with other local government units, BFAR and other local 50 organizations. 100 ,

Strategy 1: Legislation and approval of Comprehensive Municipal Fisheries Code 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40

Timeframe 50 Activities Groups involved logistics needed

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 50 Popularization and implementation SB Rules, MAO, SB x x x x x P10,000.00/ year 100 of MFO Agriculture and (also included in 100 Environment, FLET the BD budget) 100 100

Evaluation of MFO as to effectiveness SB Rules, All SBs x x x x x p5000.00 100 in terms of implementation 100

Review of MFO All SBs x P10,000.00 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 168 Appendix 8 100 100 100 Strategy 2: Formation and strengthening of people’s organization 100 100 Timeframe 100 Activities Groups involved logistics needed

100 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

50 inventory and assessment of pOs SB Coops, MCDC, x P3,000.00 50

50 , 40 MPDO, NGO/PO

50 , 40 Desk- Officer

100 , Accreditation of all registered POs POs, SB, Coops x x x x x none 100 , with the Sangguniang Bayan 100 , Conduct of pO strengthening Brgy officials, PO, x x x x x P30,000.00/ year 100 , activities with BLGU involvement LGU 100 Mobilization of POs in addressing All SBs, Brgy x x x x x P10,000.00/year 100 issues e.g. indiscriminate disposal of Officials, PO 100 waste from tricycle passengers 100

100 Strategy 3: Strengthening of FARMC, FLET/Bantay Dagat 100

100 Timeframe 100 Activities Groups involved logistics needed 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 50

50 Provision of incentives for MAO, FLET x x x x x P10,000.00/ year 50 , 40

50 , 40 intelligence report from concerned citizens 100 ,

100 , Training of FLET members, e.g. SB Rules, SB Envi, x P30,000.00

K paralegal, affidavit making, boarding OPA, DENR, BFAR, Y 50 procedure, CRM, admeasurement, PCG, DPWH 50 GPS, plotting 100 M C 100 Study tours FARMC, FLET x P50,000.00

100 Organization of FARMCs in all coastal MAO x P24,000.00 100 barangays 100

100 Strategy 4: Training and staff development on CRM 100

100 Timeframe

50 Activities Groups involved logistics needed 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 Appointment/ designation of MFMU SB, Mayor x none personnel

50 Refresher course for MAO and MAO x P10,000.00 50 MFMU personnel on CRM 50

50 Strategy 5: Fund sourcing 100 100 Groups Timeframe logistics 100 Activities

100 involved 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 needed

100 Budget allocation from LGU IRA for MFMU MFMU, SB, x x x x x P300,000.00/ 100 operation/ CRM implementation LCe year

100 - Meeting to establish sharing scheme 100 - Provision of yearly allocation

50 - MFMU operations planning/ yearly CRM review 50

50 , 40 Request financial assistance from Prov’l Govt, LCE, x x x x x none

50 , 40 Congressman, Senators through letters/ personal MFMU communication 75

75 Collections of fees, charges, licenses and permits Municipal x x x x x none 75 , 66 Treasurer 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 182 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 169 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

Appendix A 50

Policy Development Workshop 50 Basiao, Ivisan, Capiz 100 25-26 January 2011 100 100 100 crm iSSuES From ThE 10 coASTAl BArAnGAyS oF iviSAn, cAPiz 100 100

Barangays Poblacion Norte and Poblacion Sur 100 100

Issues related to Causes Consequences Rank Policy 75 , 66 mangroves/ CRM recommendations 75 , 66 75

Construction of “taba” Livelihoods of people 1 Clearing of the river 75 structures on rivers and creeks 50 , 40 50 , 40 Use of hud-hud Source of Livelihood Less productive 2 pass municipal 50

ordinance 50 Construction of Source of Livelihood Less productive 3 pass municipal 100 talabahan (oyster) ordinance 100 100

Barangay Balaring 100 100

Issues related to Causes Consequences Rank Policy 100 mangroves/ CRM recommendations 100 100 C M Destruction and Construction for boat Failure of 1 pass ordinance 50

vandalizing of access reforestation protecting the 8 ha 50 50 mangrove/ seedlings mangrove reforestation Y K

Implementation of local 50 ordinance and education 50 , 40 Illegal fishing (taksay) economic gain and Destruction of fishery 3 Increase allocation and 50 , 40 needs Reduced catch utilization of municipal 50

no enforcement funds 50 Interaction with 100

BFAR and coastguard 100

for assistance in 100

enforcement 100 Harvesting of juvenile economic gain Reduced fish 2 Learn the life cycle of 100 marine species population and important species 100 production Ordinance and 100 regulation of harvesting 100 i.e. size of fish, season 50 and location 50

policies not enforced Lack of political will people’s loss of 4 enforce strictly 100 , Destruction of resources respect for all policies 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 170 Appendix 8 100 100 100 Barangays Cabugao and Malocloc Sur 100 100 Issues related to Causes Consequences Rank Policy 100 mangroves/CRM recommendations 100

50 Indiscriminate cutting of Charcoal making decrease of 2 pass local policy

50 mangroves Use as firewood population prohibiting the cutting 50 , 40 Fishpond construction Loss of mangroves of mangroves 50 , 40 Expansion of fishponds decreased bio 100 , Pest infestation diversity 100 , natural calamity decrease in 100 , Flash flood population of fish, 100 , Massive siltation shrimps, crabs, fish

100 Destruction of corals and shells

100 Lessen livelihood opportunities 100

100 Illegal diking Small area of fishpond – River getting smaller 1 pass municipal

100 of pond owners in River getting shallow ordinance limiting diking

100 Flooding of fishponds 100 Trawl fishing conducted inadequate sea patrol No more fish to catch 3 pass municipal 100 sporadically operations Corals are damaged ordinance not to allow 50 trawl fishing 50 50 , 40 Fishponds using Kills predatory species Fishpond owners not 4 pass municipal 50 , 40 chemicals/ poisonous able to profit ordinance in disposing 100 , substances The dead fish can be of chemicals/ poisonous 100 , eaten by the people substances K nearby which could Y 50

50 become a health hazard 100 M C 100 Barangay Agmalobo 100 100

100 Issues related to Causes Consequences Rank Policy

100 mangroves/CRM recommendations

100 illegal structures (taba poverty Limits the space for 2 Bgy ord prohibiting 100 and oyster) in Bulabod passage of boats illegal structures

50 river 50

50 , 40 Illegal planting of nipa poverty River getting shallow 1 Local ordinance

50 , 40 regulating planting of nipa 50

50 improper waste disposal Laziness Flood 3 Local ord on waste

50 segregation

50 ieC 100

100 Barangays Agustin Navarra and Matnog 100

100 Issues related to Causes Consequences Rank Policy

100 mangroves/CRM recommendations

100 Illegal cutting of Charcoal making and use Depletion of 1 Adoption of national 100 mangroves for firewood resources/ law for mangrove 100 destruction of habitat reforestation

50 Regulate/ zoning of the

50 area 50 , 40

50 , 40 illegal structure Use of stakes-crowded/ Siltation 2 Mun ord regulating construction-oyster too many Makes river/ creeks construction, delineating 75 shallow/ narrow area for construction of 75

75 , 66 oyster 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 184 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 171 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 illegal structure of Taba Loss of fry and fingerling Decreased fish 3 Mun ord regulating 50

supply/ marine construction, delineating 50

resources area for construction of 100

taba 100

Strict implementation of 100

fisheries law 100 Dragnet fishing Catching of assorted fish Destruction of habitat 4 Strict implementation 100 species of seedlings/ fry; of net used with mesh 100 death-decreased size less than 3 cm when 100 population stretched 100

Expansion of fishpond expansion of area for narrow river 5 Resolution addressed 75 , 66 75 , 66 dikes fish production Loss of mangrove to BFAR to review FLA 75

policy 75

Barangay Basiao 50 , 40 50 , 40 50

Issues related to Causes Consequences Rank Policy 50

mangroves/CRM recommendations 100

disposing of garbage in not following the law Death of fish and 1 Strict implementation of 100 the sea/ coast Lack of discipline shells due to pollution the law 100

Shoreline getting plant mangroves 100

shallow Construction of MRF 100

People getting poorer 100 Lack of zoning people install structures passageways in the 2 Conduct coastal zoning 100 100 anywhere water are limited and implement properly C M 50 permits not secured Coastal area depth with the help of the people that put up getting shallow MLGU, BFAR, DENR and 50 50 Y

structures are not Others are deprived Coast Guard K residents of ivisan of livelihoods 50

Illegal Fishing activities people from other Low fish catch – 1 Formulate Mun Fisheries 50 , 40 50 , 40 places that do not follow poverty Ordinance 50

the law Destruction of our Strengthen Bantay Dagat 50

Bantay Dagat not active resources (corals, with the help of the 100 in the Barangay and the seagrass, etc) composite team town of ivisan Conduct information 100 100 campaign with fisherfolk delineate coastal 100 100 boundaries of ivisan 100

Stealing of sinkers people from the no money 3 100

Barangay steals the 100

sinkers and sell them 50 50 Barangay Cudian 100 ,

Issues related to Causes Consequences Rank Policy 100 , mangroves/CRM recommendations 50 , 40 50 , 40 Mangroves are cut down Construction of fishpond decrease mangrove 1 LGU to develop 50 including the trees on Used as firewood population ordinance to demolish 50 the sides of the creek Material for charcoal illegally constructed 100

making fishponds 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 172 Appendix 8 100 100 100 Appendix B 100 100

100 ASSESSMENT OF THE 100 2005-2010 iviSAn crm PlAn oF oPErATion 50 50 50 , 40 Fisheries Management 50 , 40

100 , Objectives:

100 , • To increase productivity of fisheries resources in order to achieve food security.

100 , • To regulate access to the municipal waters and reserve its resources for the benefits of our local 100 , municipal fishers.

100 • To regulate exploitation of resources and limit fishing efforts to sustainable levels.

100 • To ensure sustainable development and management of the fisheries resources.

100 • To develop monitoring, control and surveillance mechanism and strengthen law enforcement 100 unit. 100

100 Strategies Actual accomplishment what still needs to be done? 100

100 1. Strengthen - established 1 Marine Sanctuary in - Re-install markers in the area management of Bgy Balaring (for the whole of Ivisan) - establish Mun Fish Mgt Unit (as stated in the 50

50 ivisan Municipal at Mahabang pulo etc. for various ordinance) 50 , 40 Fish Sanctuary uses (core sanctuary, recreational, - designate Reserve Administrator as part of 50 , 40 and Reserve. gleaning) in 2002(?) with an area of the MFMU

100 , 830 hectares - Creation of the management team to 100 , - markers/ bouys placed in 2003 to manage the sanctuary and oversee

K delineate the area of the sanctuary implementation of the plan Y 50 - ordinance # 14 s 2002 in place - Formulate MPA management plan BFARMC 50 - zoning in place with each zone to serve as look out 100 M

C delineated with markers 100

100 2. Strict - Strictly implemented if at level of - needs amendment of Ord number 96-014

100 implementation LGU (need to download responsibility to take out sahid, trawl, to check operation

100 of municipal until barangay level, paralegal of sagnoy, patigbi, spear fishing (alleged

100 ordinance on training for fishers) using cyanide), hudhud, to add baling (to be

100 closed season. ◦ Observed only when patrol allowed specific only to hipon/ alamang)

100 operations of bantay dagat is - Installation of billboards stating closed around season in all coastal barangays for public 50

50 awareness specifying kinds of fish banned 50 , 40 from catching 50 , 40 - To include life cycle as ieC material - FLeT 50 a. Members who are newly trained need 50 to be deputized/ educated on roles and 50 responsibilities 50 b. Needs re-organization 100 c. needs to establish clear mechanism of 100 enforcement with MLGU BD and PNP 100 d. Mayor with pnp chief need to assign at 100 least 2 pnp personnel in the FLeT with 100 mandate from Mayor and conformed by 100 pnp chief 100 e. Augmentation force to be requested by 100 Mayor from the prov Command 50 f. Need to complete logistics for BD 50

50 , 40 operation (jackets, hats, flashlights,

50 , 40 coffee, telescope, etc) g. Watch tower to be constructed at Tuad

75 island 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 186 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 173 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 3. Licensing and - no permits and licenses secured - Update data on list of fishers with gears used 50

permitting of by mun/ marginal fishers including - Need to revive team for collection of fees 50

municipal fishers, oyster/ mussel farmers (stopped in at LGU level (Treasury and MAO) that will 100

fishing gears and 2004); what is paying are arong (only conduct barangay collections 100

fishing boats a few); to check punong, arong, fish - Applicants need to comply with Barangay 100

cages (permits, license) requirement i.e. clearance prior to securing 100

- approved by the SB thru an ordinance LGU permit/ license 100

in 2006 - Conduct of barangay to barangay 100

- SB Dagoy and VLlono trained on admeasurement inspection with 100

admeasurement (2008) corresponding charges 100 - fees and charges already with SB - To issue id to fishers and assign certificate (updated) needs approval prior to of number/color coding for ease of 75 , 66 75 , 66 implementation identification during apprehension 75

4. Regulations of - no zoning in place - Check provision in ordinance number 14 75

the construction - Mun ord number 8 s 2006 in place - Conduct inventory of existing mussel and 50 , 40 and operations but lacks implementation oyster farms- involve Barangay and provide 50 , 40 of fish corrals, incentives in the collected fees 50

other fishing - need to zone uses in the municipal waters of 50

gears and fishing ivisan 100

activities that 100

occupy space 100

in the coastal 100

waters and 100

rivers. 100 5. Restriction of - Mun ordinance Ordinance no. 94-006 - Limit environmental law enforcement to 100 100 commercial Series of 1994 mangroves and waste in coastal areas C M fishing vessels - Patrol operation suspended at - Admeasurement to be implemented 50 in the municipal present, BD boat under repair - Call for a meeting with vessel owners with 50 50 Y

waters. admeasurements of above 3.1 gross tons K and above 50

6. Strict - Mun ordinance Ordinance no. 94-006 - Clear operational plan formulated by the 50 , 40 50 , 40

enforcement of Series of 1994 FLeT 50 environmental - Patrol operation suspended at - FLET reorganization and re-training (when 50 laws (mangroves present, BD boat under repair needed) and deputation 100 and waste - Inventory and survey (MCS) of existing management mangrove areas 100 in the coastal - Formulate mangrove laws 100 areas) and 100 fisheries laws. 100 100

7. Strengthen the - Operation of BD suspended since - Re-organization of the FLET 100

operation and 2004 (October) - Finish BD boat repair/ maintain 100

management - Maintained logbook of operation 50

of FLET Bantay - Continue sharing of incentive mechanism for 50 dagat at the FLET members (40% MLGU, 30% BLGU, Balaring, Basiao 30% pnp) 100 ,

and Cabugao. 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 8. Conduct of - Informal education done (during - Copies of MFO when finished should be 50

massive ieCs. meetings) furnished to the barangays 50

- no ieC materials produced - encourage coastal barangays during 100

important celebrations to participate (coastal 100

clean up, fish conservation week celebration, 100

fiesta celebration, farmers day) 100

- Participate in the planning for July fiesta 100

celebration for fishers advocacy- IEC 100

activities suggested are film showing, 100

advocacy booth 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 174 Appendix 8 100 100 100

100 9. Community - At present the following pOs were - No more organizing in the bgys as LGU do

100 organizing and organized in Balaring, Basiao and not have the capacity however BFARMC

100 formation of POs Cabugao. The status of which are: should take on responsibility in overseeing

100 1. New BAMA - active CRM implementation in the barangays 2. Basiao Small Fisherfolk Coop- dead - BFARMCs were newly re-organized and 50

50 3. Balaring Small Fisherfolk Coop- needs strengthening (understanding of 50 , 40 dead roles and responsibilities with the MLGOO, 50 , 40 4. Cabugao Small Fisherfolk Coop- conduct of monthly/ quarterly meetings

100 , dead -depending on need) 100 , - no Fisher pOs in the other bgys - Updated list of BFARMC members

100 , - LGU has no capacity to do CO - MFARMC should take proactive role in policy

100 , - Project based organizing done – entry formulation i.e. needs to be consulted in point are projects (loan, etc) policy formulation 100 100

100 Habitat Management 100

100 Objectives: 100 • To protect, conserve and rehabilitate existing habitats. 100

100 • To improve productivity and biodiversity of corals, seagrasses, mangrove and estuaries.

50 • To enhance community participation in the management of the habitats. 50 50 , 40 Strategies Actual accomplishment what still needs to be done? 50 , 40

100 , 1. Strengthen management - Management of ivisan - need to conduct biophysical assessment of

100 , of ivisan Municipal Fish Municipal Fish Sanctuary the sanctuary

K Sanctuary and Reserve and Reserve lodged with the - To request from OPA/ BFAR for the conduct Y 50 (corals, and seagrass MLGU of dive surveys 50 areas) - Seagrass and mangrove - Conduct feedback with community re status 100 M habitats included in the ivisan of the MS C 100 sanctuary - Review of pCRA data

100 - Formulate MpA management plan 100 2. Management of - At present 2 barangays are - 10 barangays need to be surveyed and 100 mangrove areas doing mangrove rehab- assessed as to area, species, issues on 100 especially at barangay Balaring and Agustin Navarra mangroves and MCS 100 Agustin Navarra under (only Balaring applies for - include mangrove policies in the MFO 100 the CBFM framework CBFMA) - Develop mangrove rehabilitation plan in the 50 barangays with mangroves (if needed) 50 50 , 40 3. Protection of seagrass -Included in the MPA in Balaring - need to conduct inventory of seagrass beds 50 , 40 beds by regulating only; none in the other sites – to check areas in Balaring and Basiao (area,

50 fishing activities status)

50 destructive to the - Review pCRA data habitat 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 188 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 175 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Coastal Zoning 50

Objectives: 50 • To delineate zones for specific uses or activities in the municipal waters. 100 100

• To eliminate use conflicts in the utilization of the municipal waters. 100 • To regulate activities in the different zones. 100 100

Strategies Actual accomplishment what still needs to be done? 100

1. Strengthen the - Water boundary delineated - ??? 100

implementation of the and approved by MLGU 100

approved Municipal Water Ivisan; Sapian non- 75 , 66 Boundary Ordinance. conforming 75 , 66 75 2. Enactment/and approval of not done - Conduct community mapping 75 the Cabugao-Basiao Cove - Conduct zoning as to uses (with technical

Zoning Ordinance. descriptions) 50 , 40 50 , 40

- enact zoning ordinance 50 - For Balaring - refer to CRMF for uses on mangroves/ coastal area 50 100

3. Designation of zones for not done - Conduct of community mapping (same as 100

specific uses (aquaculture, above) 100

mangrove, fish pen, fish - Conduct zoning as to uses (with technical 100

cages, fishing, tourism, and descriptions) 100

navigation) - enact zoning ordinance 100

- For mussel and oyster farming 100 - encourage staking with longline and raft 100 C M method to decrease siltation problem 50

- provision that stakes/ structures need to 50 50 be taken out physically after area is not Y

used anymore K 50 4. Preparation and approval - At present CLUp undergoing - CRM plan as input to the CLUp of ivisan 50 , 40 of coastal water use plan in review, water use included 50 , 40 all the coastal barangays of 50

ivisan. 50 5. Regulation of fishing - development of Zoning ordinance and 100 activities and use of fishing implementation/ develop and legislate MFO 100 gears in every zone - Conduct of community mapping 100 - Fishing license and permit of fishers need to 100 be secured (where gear used is specified) 100

- Continuous updating of data bank on fishers 100 100 100 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 176 Appendix 8 100 100 100 Shoreline Management 100

100 Objectives: 100 • To protect the shoreline from further degradation due to destructive activities. 100 • To regulate activities in the foreshore area that would affect the condition of the shore. 50 • To minimize erosion and loss of beach to natural and human induced forces. 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 Strategies Actual accomplishment what still needs to be done? 100 , 1. Regulation of sand and - National law implemented - To put in place ordinance regulating 100 , coral gathering. - Corals included in the sanctuary sand extraction or quarrying and 100 , ordinance other minerals 100 , - No local policy on sand, coral and

100 other mineral extraction 100 2. Protection and Same as above 100 conservation of 100 mangroves. 100

100 3. Setting up and - Issue on illegal diking - In the coastal areas Barangays need

100 maintenance of - Construction of structures (houses, to regulate construction following

100 coastal setbacks for all etc) within the setback area what is stated in the law (CLUP/ developments. - No permit for construction secured HLURB guidelines) 50 - Building permits shall be secured 50

50 , 40 from the MLGU 50 , 40

100 , 4. Construction and - Only Balaring (portion) has seawall - Continue mangrove reforestation 100 , maintenance of seawall at constructed done in front of Balaring seawall K Y 50 Balaring Basiao, Cabugao - Basiao-none; not as open as - Construction of seawall in Basiao and

50 and selected areas Balaring; Cabugao not necessary 100

M - Cabugao is fishlanding area C 100 5. Conduct of massive ieCs Same as above 100

100 6. Water shed management - Tree planting activities done in - Continuous replacement planting (1

100 Agustin Navarra tree cut 1 tree needs planted)

100 - Mianay Mun eco-park and private citizen (coconut) estimated at 100

100 1,500 hectares; co-mgt bet DENR and MLGU/BLGU 50 - existence of CASCOFAMCO which 50

50 , 40 supports coco industry of Capiz

50 , 40 (coco oil, copra, VCO, soap, dust, coco coir, coco matting, vinegar, 50 shell crafts) 50

50 7. Community organizing - Coco farmers organized in 12 (?) - Monitoring of organized groups

50 barangays - Strengthening of coco groups

100 - 2 irrigators association (CASCOFAMCO extends assistance

100 - CAMMMA (ARC) beneficiaries in 6 in terms of strengthening barangay

100 bgys based coco groups and marketing of

100 - 5 rice cluster farmers associations coco products from farmers) 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 190 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 177 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Coastal Tourism Management 50

Objectives: 50 • To develop local capability in eco-tourism projects that contributes to better coastal manage- 100 100

ment and community development. 100 • To provide economic incentives for the barangays by optimizing the tourism potential of their 100

areas. 100 100

Strategies Actual accomplishment what still needs to be done? 100

1. Regulation on the number - In place regulation policies but - include Malocloc norte 2 mountain 100

of tourism facilities and limited to locational clearance and resorts for tourism 75 , 66

activities at Basiao, Sta other permits - To fully develop nova Marine 75 , 66 Cruz, Balaring, Ilaya Ivisan, - ECC complied in Basiao, Sta. Cruz, - Promotional materials needs to be 75 Malocloc norte and ilaya ivisan and Molocloc norte developed 75

Agustin Navarra. - Sta Cruz not operational 50 , 40 - No resort in Balaring 50 , 40 - Tourism plan included in the CLUp 50 - Mun owned nova Marine 50 resort- as training center, income 100

generating for LGU-operate 100

cottages for rent 100

- ipe project (integrated palm 100

planting) in all roads (roadside 100

planting) for eco-tourism/ 100

ecological development 100 100 2. eco-tourism product - Kakanin out of coconuts-individual - eco-tourism master plan needs to be C M 50 development producers developed - MLGU assists in product labeling - Improvement of support facilities 50 50 Y

and marketing-trade fairs; shell (roads, cottages) K craft - Training of manpower on skills 50

- Organized group of resort owners- 50 , 40 provincial level where ivisan based 50 , 40 owners are members 50 50

3. Maintenance of waste - In the eco-park demo on vermin - To develop area for organic herbal 100 disposal facilities composting, SALT, turn waste into medicine using organic fertilizer- in organic fertilizer, organic vegetable capsule form 100 100 production using organic fertilizer - At present bailing of residual 100 wastes at the eco-park- plastic 100 sold, plastic cups as potting 100 container 100 - Bio-degradable materials turned 100 50 into organic fertilizer 50 4. Visitors education and - At present department concerned - need to designate point person on management do orientation; no tourism officer tourism 100 , trained to do visitors education 100 , 50 , 40 5. User fees and appropriate - not done - Assess viability of opening part of 50 , 40 business development MS for diving and snorkeling; also 50

mangroves as eco parks 50

- Establishment of eco-parks and 100

other tourist destinations (after 100

assessment) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 178 Appendix 8 100 100 100 Enterprise and Livelihood Management 100

100 Objectives: 100 • To develop alternative and supplemental employment to fishers in order to lessen their fishing 100 effort and fishing pressure to the sea. 50 • To diversify income source of the fishers to lessen dependence on fishing. 50

50 , 40 • To develop environment-friendly enterprise and livelihood projects. 50 , 40

100 , Strategies Actual accomplishment what still needs to be done? 100 , 1. Identification and established livelihoods projects: - POs need to recognize LGU 100 , mentoring and supervision in 100 , implementation of - Coop store- Basiao, Balaring, Cabugao, environment friendly - Seaweeds culture- Basiao [marankalan] organizational meetings and affairs

100 and economically - Fish vending- cabugao, Basiao - Assessment on livelihoods systems

100 feasible project. - LEAD [livelihood enhancement and and procedures and project id

100 _ from NAFC] projects [arong]- 27

100 fisherfolk beneficiaries in Balaring Note: FRMP started in 2000,

100 - LeAd project Cabugao- crab culture in livelihoods implemented in

100 mangroves, store; proceeds from crab 2004, BFAR exit 2005, 2007-2008

100 culture used in fish cages [approx 30 livelihoods failed

100 members] - Phasing/ timeliness in

50 - LEAD project in Basiao- fish drying implementation of livelihood;

50 [approx 30 beneficiaries] livelihoods implemented near 50 , 40 - Balaring- shell craft and handicraft, project end, hence no observation 50 , 40 candle-making [FRMP/ BFAR], bago- on project viability in 3 cycles

100 , ong/ dayok packaging training - no proper turn-over of documents 100 , conducted by DTI, 1 FF engaged in K shellcraft production Y 50 - Micro-lending- Balaring, Cabugao; 50 capitalization range PhP2,000.00 up to 100 M C

100 10,000.00 per beneficiary - DOLE assistance PhP300,000.00 for 100 livelihood restoration- palay farming, 100 hog raising, talaba/ tahong culture, 100 fishing paraphernalia [Balaring, 100 Basiao, Cabugao] @ PhP5,000.00 per 100 beneficiary 100 - Seaweeds culture- coop managed, trial 50 planting undertaken; feasibility study [?] 50

50 , 40 done through trial and error

50 , 40 2. Identification of - BFAR introduced the shopping list/ - Projects should be identified by beneficiaries menu [availability of resource person] members themselves whether 50

50 of proposed projects that were individual or group-managed presented to coop 50 - Beneficiaries identified and made 50 proposals for the projects 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 192 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 179 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Waste Management 50

Objectives: 50 • To eliminate or minimize the potential adverse impact of waste to human and environment 100 100

health especially in the coastal barangays. 100 100

Strategies Actual accomplishment what still needs to be done? 100

1. Coastal water - OPA initiated/ conducted water - Monitoring results shall be made 100 quality monitoring in quality monitoring available to the LGU 100

coordination with OPA in - OpA trained local technicians on 100 designated station. water sampling 75 , 66 - proper gathering and transport of 75 , 66 water samples 75 2. Red tide monitoring in Same as above 75

coordination with OPA 50 , 40 50 , 40 3. Sewage waste - Septic tanks for waste installed in - Inventory of backyard piggeries as 50

treatment, especially for resorts to disposal of wastes need to be 50

tourism and industrial conducted 100 facilities - Conduct inventory of households 100

along coast without toilets 100 - Tie-up with MHO with regards to 100

data and project implementation on 100 health in the coastal barangays 100

4. Monitoring, control and - Regular/ on-call inspection done by - Reports shall be made available to 100 100 surveillance the sanitary inspector (upon request) the barangays for appropriate action C M 50 5. Conduct of massive ieCs - Mun solid waste mgt plan 2005-2015 - Mun solid waste mgt plan to be made in place popular to Barangay residents 50 50 Y

- Solid waste mgt board organized K - Monitoring done upon application of 50

building permits and whenever there 50 , 40

are complaints 50 , 40 50

Legal Arrangement and Institutional Development 50 100

Objectives: 100 • To improve mechanism and arrangement for local governance on coastal management. 100 • To enhance community participation in coastal management planning, legislation, implementa- 100 100 tion, monitoring and evaluation. 100

• To improve the delivery of coastal management related services. 100

• To strengthen the network and linkages with other local government units, BFAR and other local 100

organizations. 50 50 Strategies Actual accomplishment what still needs to be done? 100 ,

Legislation and approval of no MFO Formulation and legislation of Ivisan 100 ,

Comprehensive Municipal Piecemeal ordinances e.g. sanctuary, MFO 50 , 40

fisheries Ordinance. closed season formulated and passed 50 , 40 50

Strengthening of FARMC, 7 BFARMCs and 1 MFARMC organized Newly organized BFARMC needs to be 50

FLET/Bantay Dagat and functional trained 100

Monitoring of activities 100

Study tours, mangrove training 100

Training and staff FLET training on admeasurement, GPS Paralegal training for BFARMCs, POs 100 development on CRM training, plotting [affidavit making, boarding procedure] 100

CRM training 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 180 Appendix 8 100 100 100 Appendix C 100 100

100 STATUS OF MUNICIPAL COASTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT 100 (clE) iniTiATivES 50 50

50 , 40 Area: Municipality of Ivisan

50 , 40 Date administered: 22 March 2011

100 , 1. Is there an existing CLE team? Yes 100 ,

100 , 2. Name: Fishery Law Enforcement Team 100 , 3. Level (municipal/barangay/other): Municipality 100

100 4. Structure and composition: 100

100 Composition: 4PNP, 1 LGU (MAO), Bantay Dagat of Balaring composed of 1 Bgy Kapitan, 7 Bgy

100 Kagawad and 15 Bgy Tanods 100 Structure: 100 100

50 MAO

50 Team Leader 50 , 40 50 , 40 100 , 100 , K Y

50 pnp Bgy Captain

50 Team Leader 100 M C 100 100

100 Bgy Kagawads 2 pnp 2 pnp 100 100 100

100 Bgy Tanods 50 50 50 , 40 Responsibilities: 50 , 40 Team Leader 50 - Fishery Regulatory Officer 50 - Initiates boarding procedure with PNP 50

50 - Responsible for the patrol operations (schedules, request for budget, writes incident report

100 with PNP) 100 PNP Team Leader 100

100 - writes incident report with MAO

100 - blotter the incident

100 - makes affidavit

100 - files case in court with technical assistance from MAO 100 PNP personnel 50

50 - goes with the team during patrol operations 50 , 40 - in rules of engagement, reads the Miranda doctrine 50 , 40 Bgy Captain 75

75 - takes over command if Team Leader is absent 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 194 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 181 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

Bgy Kagawad 50

- do the GPS reading 50

- acts as patrol boat operator 100

- records all patrol operation activities 100

- crew 100 100

Bgy Tanod 100

- crew 100 100 For every patrol operation: team is composed of 1 Bgy Kagawad, 2 Tanods, 2 PNP, Bgy Captain 100 and MAO 75 , 66

5. Membership: 28 75 , 66 75

6. When created/ established? 2003 75

7. Legally recognized? If so, through what? No EO; only deputation papers 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 8. Equipment, logistics available: 12life jackets, 2 searchlights, 1 megaphones, 1GPS, kape, bugas, 1talibong, 8 hunting knives, 3patrol boats – 2 operational, 1 speed boat has no engine (non- 50 100 operational) 100

9. Budget? Where from? PhP 150, 000/year from MLGU Ivisan 100 100

10. External support? What and where from. Patrol boat-BFAR 100 100

Note: 1 patrol boat (BFAR) non operational at present, engine transferred to the smaller speed 100

boat 100 C M 50 11. Available skills: 50 50 Y

Skill Availability who / organization K 50 Wildlife specialist x - 50 , 40

Pollution / poison specialist / MAO (limited to pollution) 50 , 40 50

Legal specialist / PNP, Fiscal, private lawyer 50

Fish examiner / MAO 100 100

Gear specialist / MAO 100

Investigator / pnp 100 100 Intelligence officer / PNP, MAO 100

navigator / Bgy Kagawad 100

Communicator / Bgy Kagawad, Bgy Kap, MAO 100 50

Information specialist / MAO 50

Licensing specialist / MAO 100 ,

General inspector / MAO 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 12. Violations: (common / top 3-5) (indicate season if violations are seasonal) 50

a. Trawl (3 gross tons below, active gear used in shallow waters) fishing within municipal waters 50 b. Palupad (commercial trawl, 3.1 gross tons and above-steel boat) 100 100

c. Kayagkag (gill net), cast in round manner to encircle school of fish specifically used for sar- 100 dines 100

- illegal due to usage during closed season, mesh size of net is small (less than 3cm in diam- 100

eter when stretched) 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 182 Appendix 8 100 100 100 - Fishing without permits (applies to both resident fishers and outside fishers)-no LGU per- 100

100 mits shown as proof of registered fishers

100 d. Taba with small mesh sized nets (less than 3 cm) and without permits

100 13. SOP from Apprehension to Penalization 50

50 Sightings of illegal vessels – boarding – reading of Miranda doctrine – ordered to dock on shore 50 , 40

50 , 40 – temporary custody in the detachment in Balaring – crew are summoned at the PNP for inves-

100 , tigation – other crew sent home however Boat Captain is being held until case is settled- PNP

100 , blotter and makes incident report with MAO – administrative fine/ penalty determined relative

100 , to the ordinance – owner summoned – meets Mayor for settlement/ MAO/ team (Chief PNP,

100 , Treasurer and MAO) – fines paid – cleared – released

100 2 cases – commercial boat captain was filed case – MTC Dao for illegal fishing – amicable settle- 100 ment in court 100

100 Criminal – BD gunned down by the boat captain and arms were sequestered 100

100 14. Training activities undertaken / year / by which agency 100

100 Training Activity date Facilitating Agency Participants

50 FLeT 2003 BFAR BD, PNP, MAO 50 50 , 40 Communication 2003 BFAR, NTC -the same- 50 , 40 Bantay Baybay (plotting, GPS, compass 2004 BFAR -the same- 100 , reading, surveillance) 100 ,

K Fishery law enforcement (trainers training) 2005 BFAR MAO Y 50

50 Legal aspects of law enforcement 2008 BFAR BD, MAO, Mayor, 2SB 100 M Mangroves laws 2010 ZSL MAO C 100

100 Vessel admeasurement 2009 Marina MAO 100

100 15. What fishery-related ordinances/laws have been passed? 100 a. Mun. ordinance No. 94-003 Series of 1994 100

100 b. Mun. ordinance No. 94-006 Series of 1994 c. Mun. ordinance No. 96-014 Series of 1996 50

50 d. Mun. ordinance No. 14 Series of 2002 50 , 40

50 , 40 16. What are perceived needs to strengthen CLE in the area?

50 Reorganization of the FLET, re training of FLET, logistical support increased, identification of 50 committed FLET members, with clear mandate/ EO, with structure and defined roles and re- 50 sponsibilities; designation of responsibilities 50

100 17. Summary of Bantay Dagat Operation (Year 2000-2004) 100

100 year Months covered Number of days Number of Number of Fines collected 100 operation was days with apprehensions (PhP)

100 conducted apprehensions 100 2000 15 Mar – 15 Nov 26 8 11 26,500.00 100

100 2001 7 Feb – 26 Sept 7 7 13 27,800.00

50 2002 15 Jan – 21 Dec 24 9 15 141,000.00 50 50 , 40 2003 Jan - Dec 90 37 49 140,000.00 50 , 40 2004 Jan - Oct 66 17 25 187,000.00 75

75 Total 51 months 213 78 113 522,300.00 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 196 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 183 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

Summary of apprehensions according to type of violations 50 50

year Number of Trawl zipper Palupad Kayagkag Others 100 apprehensions 100

2000 11 10 1 100 100

2001 13 11 2 100

2002 15 6 6 3 100 2003 49 37 3 3 4 2 100 100 2004 25 18 1 3 3 75 , 66

Total 113 82 12 6 7 6 75 , 66 75

Others: caught in the act of catching crabs, fishing inside the reserve area using spear gun 75

Fishing inside the marine fish sanctuary 50 , 40 50 , 40

Fishing with the use of gillnet without permit 50

18. Violations/ patrol and surveillance map of Ivisan 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 C M 50 50 50 Y K 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 184 Appendix 8 100 100 100 Appendix D 100 100

100 PArTiciPATory coASTAl rESourcE ASSESSmEnT rESulT 100

50 A. Trends in Harvest of Fishery Resources 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 100 , 100 , K Y 50 50 100 M Barangay Cabugao C 100 100 100 100 100

100 Tigo ang nagapangisda (20% kun ikumpara 100 sa kadamuon ka mananagat at present) wala

50 commercial fishers 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50

50 Pino ang lambat, damo commercial fishers,

50 damo ga parte, 80% sang pumuloyo ga

50 pangisda, wala iban nga pangabuhian 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50

50 Disappearing species: alibalay, kabasi, tabangungo, damos-damos, lali 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 185 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

Barangay Cudian 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 75 , 66 75 , 66 75 75 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Barangay Matnog 100 C M 50 50 50 Y K 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 186 Appendix 8 100 100 100 B. Seasonal Calendar 100

100 Barangay Agmalobo 100

100 variables J FMAM JJ ASOND 50

50 Peak season in fishing

50 , 40 (plenty of fish caught) 50 , 40 Lean season (less fish 100 , caught) 100 ,

100 , Weather condition   A/H/ A/H/ A/H/ A/H/ A/H/ 100 , (rainy, dry, amihan, AA HHH A A S S/T S/T S/T S/T habagat) 100

100 Species of fish caught Pasayan, tanga, tilapia, gisaw, bul-a, bangrus, alimango, danggit, kikilo, bulgan,

100 bulanbulan, bulawis, sigisigi, ulang, tangkapan, hipon, kalampay

100 Type of gear used Hudhud, patuloy, timing, taba, bintol, balaybay, pamuho, panghagap, panikhan 100

100 Health of fishers Liptospirosis Ubo, lagnat, sipon, (malamig ang trangkaso, salapo 100

100 tiyempo)

50 income (high or low) HI Li HI Li HI (taba, pamanggal,

50 patuloy, hudhud, 50 , 40 balaybay, pamuho) 50 , 40

100 , Barangay Agustin Navarra 100 , K Y 50 variables J FMAM JJ ASOND 50

100 Peak season in fishing M C 100 (plenty of fish caught) Tahongan

100 Lean season (less fish 100 caught) 100 Weather condition 100 (rainy, dry, amihan, A A A/ H A/H H H H H H A/H A A 100 habagat) 100

50 Species of fish caught Tilapia, pasayan, kasag, asu-os, gisaw, danggit/ kikilo, buga-ong, alimango, 50

50 , 40 Type of gear used Sibot, bintol, tapangan, timing, panghagap 50 , 40 Health of fishers Ubo, sipon, Ubo, sipon,

50 trangkaso, trangkaso, arthritis

50 arthritis

50 income (high or low) LI HI LI 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 187 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

Barangay Balaring 50 50

Variables J FMAM JJ A S O n D 100

Peak season in fishing 100 (plenty of fish caught) 100 Arong, patuloy, kayagkag 100

Lean season (less fish 100

caught) 100 Weather condition T T T  ‘‘‘‘‘‘ ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ ‘‘‘‘‘‘ ‘‘‘‘‘‘ ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 100 (rainy, dry, amihan,    A/H H H H H H/AT T A A 100

habagat) A A A/H 75 , 66 75 , 66 Species of fish caught Bolinao, lokus, dagoldolan, sapsap 75

Type of gear used Arong, patuloy, kayagkag, hirata 75

Health of fishers Ubo, sipon Ubo, sipon 50 , 40 50 , 40 income (high or low) LI HI LI 50 50

Barangay Basiao 100 100

Variables J FMAM JJ ASOND 100 100

Peak season in fishing 100

(plenty of fish caught) 100 Arong 100 Lean season (less fish 100 C M caught) 50

Weather condition ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘       ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ ‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 50 50 (rainy, dry, amihan, A A A A A A Y A H H H H A K habagat) 50

Species of fish caught Bolinao, sapsap, tabagak, kasag 50 , 40 50 , 40 Type of gear used net 50 50

Health of fishers Ubo, sipon, Ubo, sipon, 100 trangkaso trangkaso 100

income (high or low) LI HI LI 100 100

Barangay Cabugao 100 100

Variables J FMAM JJ ASOND 100 100

Peak season in fishing 50

(plenty of fish caught) Hasahasa, bolinao, 50 lokos, tanga Tahong, talaba 100 , 100 ,

Lean season (less fish 50 , 40 50 , 40 caught) 50

Weather condition 50 (rainy, dry, amihan, A A A/ H H H H H H H/A AAA 100

habagat) 100 100 Species of fish caught Pasayan, kasag, hipon, tabagak 100

Type of gear used Taba, arong, patuloy, hudhud 100 100

Health of fishers Lagnat, Lagnat, Ubo, sipon 100 Ubo, sipon 100

income (high or low) HI LI HI LI 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 188 Appendix 8 100 100 100 Barangay Cudian 100 100 variables J FMAM JJ ASOND 100

100 Peak season in fishing

50 (plenty of fish caught) 50

50 , 40 Lean season (less fish

50 , 40 caught) 100 , Weather condition     ‘’’’’’’’’ ‘’’’’’’’’ ‘’’’’’’’’ ‘’’’’’’’’ ‘’’’’’’’’ ‘’’’’’’’’ ‘’’’’’’’’ ‘’’’’’’’’ 100 , (rainy, dry, amihan, A A/H A/ H H H  H  H/A H/A A A A A 100 , habagat) 100 , Species of fish caught Pasayan, gisaw, tanga, alimango 100

100 Type of gear used Sihod, taba, patuloy, hudhud, timing, laya

100 Health of fishers Sore eyes, sakit ulo Ubo, sipon, 100 trangkaso 100

100 income (high or low) HI LI Hi 100

100 Barangay Malocloc Sur 50

50 Variables J FMAM JJ AS OND 50 , 40

50 , 40 Peak season in fishing

100 , (plenty of fish caught) 100 , Lean season (less fish K Y 50 caught) 50 Weather condition ‘’’’   ‘’’’’’’’’ ‘’’’’’’’’ ‘’’’’’’’’ ‘’’’’’’’’ ‘’’’’’’’’ ‘’’’’’’’’ ‘’’’’’’’’ ‘’’’’’’’’ 100 M (rainy, dry, amihan,  A/H H H H H H A A A

C A A/ H 100 habagat) A 100

100 Species of fish caught Pasayan, alimango, similya lukon/ alimango, tilapia, batad, bulawis, bagtis,

100 kalampay, gunggong, bugaong

100 Type of gear used Net (#13 and #17), taba, panggal/timing 100

100 Health of fishers Ubo, sipon, trangkaso 50

50 income (high or low) HI Li (mananaba) HI (taba, 50 , 40

50 , 40 Hi (sangha) pamanggal) Hi (sangha) 50 50 C. Daily activity schedule 50

50 Barangay Agustin Navarra 100 100 Time Activity 100

100 4:00AM Bugtaw, mangape

100 6:00 Pamahaw, manghagap 100

100 9:30 Baligya sa palibot, pahuway

100 11:30-12:00 Panyaga, pahuway 50 1:00 Malakat sa bukid 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 1:00-4:00 Manglimpyo, gahit katamnan, mangahoy, tuba saging 4:00 Puli, pahuway, istorya sa asawa kag maghulat panyapon, talgsa inom-inom 75

75 7:30 Panyapon, lantaw TV 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 189 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 10:00 Tulog 50 50

Total working time: 18 hours 100

Barangay Balaring 100 100

Patuloy 100 100

Time Activity 100 100 5:00 AM pangape 100 6:00 pananggot 75 , 66

7:00 pamahaw 75 , 66 75

8:00 Bis-ak kahoy, bahog baboy, sabod manok 75

9:30 pahuway-huway 50 , 40 50 , 40

11:00 Tig-ang panyaga 50

1:00 pM panyaga 50 100 1:00-2:00 Tulog-tulog, pahuway 100

2:00-3:00 Bahog baboy, sabod manok, pananggot 100

3:00 inom-inom 100 100

5:00 Tig-ang 100

6:00 panyapon 100 100 C M 6:30 Tan-aw TV 50

9:00 Tulog 50 50 Y K Lambat 50 50 , 40 Time Activity 50 , 40 50 4:00 AM Init tubig, mangape, pahuway-huway, himos palawod 50

6:00 Palawod, managat 100

8:00 Puli halin sa panagat, pahuway huway, hulat pamahaw 100 100

9:00 Pamahaw, pahuway, pulupungko, tan-aw TV 100 11:00 Balik sa lawod 100 100

11:00-12:00 Managat, kadto sa lawod 100

2:00 Kadto sa bukid, mangahoy 100 50 3:00 Bis-ak kahoy, pahuway huway 50

4:00 digamo panyapon 100 ,

5:00 Panyapon, pahuway huway 100 , 7:00-9:00 Tan-aw TV 50 , 40 50 , 40 9:00 Tulog 50 50

Arong 100 100

Time Activity 100 100

6:00 AM Bugtaw 100

7:00 Pangape, pamahaw 100 100 7:00-9:00 Digamo, sabod manok, bahog baboy 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 190 Appendix 8 100 100 100

100 9:00-10:00 Bukid (pananom kahoy, saging) 100 10:00 puli 100

100 11:00-12:00 Manyaga

50 12:00-1:00 Relax sa TV 50

50 , 40 1:00-3:00 Tulog, obra usok 50 , 40 3:00-4:00 digamo 100 ,

100 , 6:00 panyapon

100 , 6:00-7:00 reparer lambat kag iwag 100 , 8:00 pa lawod 100

100 9:00-12:00 Bantay iwag

100 Midnight

100 12:00- Tulog

100 6:00AM 100

100 Barangay Cudian 100

50 Time Activity 50

50 , 40 2:00AM Bugtaw, kadto suba,sibot ang taba/pili/takos 50 , 40 5:00 Baligya sa suki, puli sa balay 100 ,

100 , 6:30 Digamo, bahog baboy, sabod manok, balik suba-harvest taba, kay-o taba,

K patuloy-pang sud-an Y 50

50 9:00-10:00 Takas, mamahaw/ panyaga, pahuway huway 100 M 1:00 Puna lambat, preparer butong C 100

100 4:00 Bisita panagat sa lawod, puli

100 5:00-6:00 Bis-ak kahoy, sanggot lubi, preparar sumsuman, doyan-doyan, shot-shot 100

100 7:00-8:00 panyapon

100 8:00-9:30 Lantaw TV 100 9:30 Tulog 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 204 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 191 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

Appendix E 50 50

MPA REPORT GUIDE 100 100 100 This MPA Report Guide can assist in organizing information on individual MPAs and the envi- 100

ronment that the MPA protects. If completed yearly, it will provide MPA managers, local govern- 100

ments, non-government organizations, academe or other interested parties with information on 100

the status and quality of management, the status and quality of the environment and benefits being 100

derived from the MPA. It will also provide feedback on how the MPA is rated compared to other 100

MPAs and on how to improve management of the MPA. 75 , 66 75 , 66 75 I. MPA DESCRIPTION & STATUS 75

MPA name*: The Ivisan Fish Sanctuary and Reserve 50 , 40 50 , 40 Region: 6 50 Province*: Capiz 50 100

Municipality/City*: Ivisan 100 100

Barangay*: Balaring 100 Date of survey*: 2000 100 100

MPA size (hectares)*: 830 hectares 100 100 C M Habitat/ecosystem(s) within MPA: 50

[ x ] Coral reef [ x ] Seagrass bed [ x ] Sandy bottom 50 50 [ x ] Rocky intertidal [ x ] Open water Y K 50 Type of coral reef: [ ] Patch [ x ] Atoll [ ] Offshore reef / Shoal 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 Boundary coordinates (deg-min-sec)* 50

Lines Latitude Longitude 100

1 11º33’45” 122º38’03” 100

2 11º33’45” 122º37’09” 100

3 11º35’24” 122º37’09” 100

4 11º35’24” 122º38’54” 100

5 11º34’30” 122º38’54” 100 100

Year legally established*: 2002 100 50 Basis for legal establishment*: [x ] Municipal Ordinance No. 14 otherwise known as “The 50 Ivisan Fish Sanctuary and Reserve Ordinance of 2002” 100 ,

MPA establishment history (brief chronological order of events): 100 ,

• LGU observed the potential of the area even before the BFAR project was implemented in Ivisan 50 , 40 50 , 40

• MPA was established with the help of BFAR thru the FRMP 50

• The area of the MPA was delineated by NAMRIA 50

• Ivisan LGU installed the bouys given by BFAR to serve as boundary markers 100

MPA objectives/reasons for establishment*: 100 100

e. To protect the coral reefs around Mahabang Pulo and Mabaay Islets in their natural state and 100 free from disturbance, allowing them to function as feeding, nursery, and spawning areas for 100 fish and other aquatic organisms, and hence maintain biodiversity and contribute to fisheries 100 production in the adjacent areas where fishing is permitted; 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 192 Appendix 8 100 100 100 f. To preserve the scenic and spiritual beauty of Mabaay Islets as a popular picnic ground, ensuring 100

100 it for the recreational enjoyment of present and future generations;

100 g. To bestow formal recognition to the area around Marokol Dako and Marokol Diutay Islets as 100 traditional gleaning grounds of the nearby local inhabitants; 50

50 h. To prohibits fishing around the immediate vicinities of Mahabang Pulo and Mabaay Islets, en- 50 , 40 abling fish to grow undisturbed and replenish depleted stocks in the adjoining fishing grounds; 50 , 40 and 100 ,

100 , i. To limit fishing to specific types beyond the immediate vicinities of Mahabang Pulo and Ma-

100 , baay Islets in order to provided a gradual transition between the highly protected “no take” area 100 , around the two islets and the open fishing ground.

100 OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 100 100

100 Indicate classification of group (Select letter to indicate classification)

100 [ ] People’s organization (PO) [ ] Non-government organization (NGO) 100

100 [ ] Barangay government [ ] Dive shop/Resort owner 100 [ x ] Municipal government [ ] Others, specify:______50

50 [ ] Provincial government 50 , 40

50 , 40 [ ] Government agency (e.g. BFAR) 100 , 100 ,

K Current managing group* (The main group directly managing the MPA) - CLET Y 50

50 Current assisting group/s* (Groups providing technical assistance or support for effective imple- 100 M mentation of the MPA) - none C 100

100 Presence of marker buoys? [ ] Yes [ x ] No

100 Number of moorings/anchor buoys? None 100

100 Number of signs posted? None 100

100 Date MPA management plan was approved? None

50 Management zones*: 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 Zone Size (has) Regulations Sanctuary zone 76 • strict protection 50

50 • core preservation area to provide natural spawning, nursery and permanent residence for the replenishment and genetic protection of all marine life 50

50 • off limits to visitors and closed full time for any consumptive use • fishing in any form, aquaculture, gathering and collecting of fishery resources 100

100 and other marine products shall not be allowed • scientific, research and educational activities may be allowed by permit only 100

100 • boats may enter or pass through by permit or in emergency cases only • the natural vegetation, including the mangroves, of Mahabang Pulo Islet shall 100 be preserved 100 • cutting for firewood shall not be allowed 100 • the harvesting of coconuts, bamboo and other products by the legal claimants 100 shall be done after prior notification of the MFMU 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 206 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 193 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 recreational 148 • is for picnic, and recreation and purposes 50

zone • visitation shall be controlled in order to limit environmental impact 50

• visitors shall be enjoined to observe proper waste disposal and not to litter, 100

deface and vandalize the natural scenery 100

• over night stay in Mabaay islet shall be allowed by permit only 100

• the natural vegetation, including the mangroves, of the islets shall not be cut 100

for firewood or altered for cultivation 100

• no permanent structures, except the mooring system, shall be constructed 100

on the islet 100

• only swimming, snorkeling and diving shall be allowed 100 • fishing, including spear fishing, aquaculture, gathering and collecting of shells, corals and other organisms for souvenir are prohibited 75 , 66 75 , 66 • reef walking and turning of rocks and boulders, especially at low tide should 75

be avoided 75 • swimmers and divers shall take care not to come in contact with the corals • boats shall make use of mooring buoys and mooring piles in the Islet; their 50 , 40 50 , 40

anchors, anchor ropes and chains should avoid coming in contact with the 50 corals 50

• boat shall keep away from shallow reef areas 100 • boat operators should avoid spilling fuel and oil into the water • water skiing shall be prohibited 100 100 • scientific, research and educational activities may be allowed by permit only • the legal claimants of the Islet shall notify the MFMU before harvesting 100 coconuts bamboo and other products 100 100

Gleaning zone 52 • traditional collecting of marine organisms for food allowed however, rare, 100 100

threatened, endangered and protected species as listed in the CITIES and as C M determined by dA and denR shall not be collected 50

• only gleaning activities to be undertaken by the local residents 50 50 • for subsistence purposes shall be permitted Y K

• gleaners should take care not to uproot or destroy the root system of the 50 seagrassess • the use of rakes shall be prohibited 50 , 40 50 , 40

• dredging and activities that cause water turbidity, shading and aquatic 50 pollution shall not be allowed. 50

• the natural vegetation of Marokol Dako and Marokol Diutay Islets shall be 100 preserved • scientific, research and educational activities may be allowed by permit only 100 100

reserve zone 554 • buffers the Sanctuary, Recreation and Geaning (partially) Zones fromthe 100

outside general use fishing area, providing a transition between the no-take 100

and limited use protected areas and the open fishing ground where fishing is 100

more intense 100

• only hook and line, (“pamunit”) bottom-set gillnet (“palubog”), surface gillnet 100

(“patuloy”, “pamante”) and gleaning shall be permitted 50

• no license granting fishery rights or privileges within the municipal waters of 50 Ivisan shall be interpreted to allow fishing within the Reserve Zone other than through hook and line, bottom-set gillnet, surface gillnet and gleaning 100 , • the establishment of aquaculture shall not be allowed 100 , • scientific, research and educational activities may be allowed by permit only 50 , 40 50 , 40 50

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 50 Sustainable financing mechanism in place? No 100 100

Policy, guidelines, system* Not applicable 100 100

Gov’t budget allocation - Yes only for the protection and budget included in the CLET 100

Who manages the funds? [ x ] Municipal gov’t 100 100

How much is the estimated annual gross income of the MPA? PhP - None 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 194 Appendix 8 100 100 100 How much was spent on annual MPA management/operations? PhP 100

100 Expenditures covered what items? Enforcement support/materials and supplies – PhP 100 150,000.00 100

50 Supplemental or alternative livelihood created as a result of establishing MPA: None 50

50 , 40 ENFORCEMENT 50 , 40

100 , Penalty imposed? [ x ] Yes 2,500/head [ ] No 100 ,

100 , II. MANAGEMENT RATING 100 , The MPA rating system is intended to assist local governments and communities to improve the 100 management of their MPA. This simple rating system is dynamic and is not a definitive statement 100 on the status of any MPA rated. Put a check mark (√) on the box provided if the criterion is fully 100

100 satisfied or accomplished. Carefully consider MPA age in assessment.

100 Date of survey*: 6 April 2011 100

100 Level 1: MPA is initiated - Passing (Year 1 since legal establishment) (6 points required) 100

50 1a MpA concept accepted 1

50 (MPA started through local initiative or social acceptance sought through public consultations by 50 , 40 external groups. Consulted members of affected stakeholders: fishers, other resource users and 50 , 40 social groups, both men and women) 100 ,

100 , 1b Site surveyed using standard/accepted methods with baseline assessment complete, preferably

K conducted in a participatory process Y 50 (Reports completed on fish abundance, coral cover and profile on community and coastal

50 management) 100 M C

100 1c Site selected (Site chosen based on baseline assessment results and public consultations) 100

100 1d Education program raising awareness about MPA functions and benefits started

100 (Conducted a series of public education activities) 100 1e Management body membership tentatively determined 100 (Management core group starting to conduct regular meetings with proper documentation) 100 1f Preliminary management plan drafted 50 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 Level 2: MPA is established - Fair (Year 1 or 2 since legal establishment) (16 pts required) 50

50 2a Community acceptance gained and documented (Documented through public consultation documents e.g. Barangay Resolutions and/or 50

50 signature campaigns)

100 2b Ordinance passed and approved by the Municipal Council 100 (Ordinance should be well-drafted and enforceable and should be consistent with the concepts of

100 sustainable use and equitable sharing of resources) 100 2c Management body formally organized and recognized 100 (Management group has legal mandate and is recognized by the local government; For POs – 100 registered with Securities and Exchange Commission or Dept. of Labor and Employment) 100

100 2d Management plan adopted by community and LGU or PAMB

50 (Management plan initially implemented and endorsed by LGU/PAMB) 50

50 , 40 2e Management activities started

50 , 40 (Conducted initial MPA activities such as: installation of enforcement support structures, patrolling and surveillance, apprehension of violators, etc.) 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 208 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 195 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 2f Biophysical monitoring includes local participation 50

(Locals were trained to do biophysical survey using standard/accepted method) 50 100 2g IEC activities conducted to raise understanding on MPA rules and regulations (MPA rules & regulations disseminated using appropriate & practical means to target all direct 100 users and other stakeholders; initial stakeholder knowledge assessment conducted) 100 100

2h Anchor buoys, marker buoys and/or boundary markers installed 100 100

2i MPA rules and guidelines posted at strategic locations 100 100

2j MpA outpost or other structures constructed 75 , 66 75 , 66

(Guardhouse and/or other MPA-related structures constructed) 75 75 Level 3: MPA is enforced - Good (Only applies for 2 years or older) (24 pts required) 50 , 40 50 , 40 3a Education program sustained public awareness and compliance 50

(A long-term IEC program exists and is currently being implemented in support of enforcement 50

and the general MPA objectives) 100

3b Regular biophysical monitoring measuring habitat condition and changes conducted 100

(Documented surveys conducted at least once annually using standard/accepted method) 100

3c Collaborative patrolling and surveillance conducted by mandated enforcement group and local 100 community volunteers 100 (Fish wardens on rotation assigned to guard and patrol the MPA, day and night with assistance 100 from local community volunteers) 100 100 C M 50

3d MPA billboard signs, boundary markers and anchor buoys maintained 50 50 (Funds allocated for maintenance of enforcement support structures. May be part of the Y municipal CRM budget) K 50 3e Management body active 50 , 40 (Implements the management plan; Coordinates enforcement activities; Members attend 50 , 40 meetings regularly; Coordinates and participates in regular monitoring activities) 50 3f Budget from local gov’t or from other sources allocated and is accessible for MPA mgmt 50 (There is a legal document by the local government or an agreement with the private sector 100 allocating budget for MPA mgmt) 100 100

3g Fishing effectively stopped inside of sanctuary zone 100

(No fishing-related violations/ apprehensions in the sanctuary reported for the past year) 100

3h Illegal and destructive fishing reduced outside of MPA 100 (Violations/apprehensions reported w/in 500m from the MPA boundary was reduced by 50% for 100

the past year) 100 50

Level 4: MPA is sustained - Very good (Only applies for 3 years or older) (30 points) 50 100 ,

4a MPA management plan updated in a participatory process 100 ,

(Mgmt plan amended with the participation of various stakeholders: fishers, resort and diveshop 50 , 40 operators, local government units, other resource users, both men and women) 50 , 40 50 4b Annual biophysical monitoring and feedback of results supervised by the managing body and 50 implemented for 2 years or more 100 (Documented surveys using standard/accepted method. Reports are available) 100

4c Budget from government or from other sources allocated and was accessed for 2 or more 100

consecutive years 100

(There is a legal document made by the local government or an agreement with a funding group 100

allocating budget for MPA operations; Financial report available) 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 196 Appendix 8 100 100 100

100 4d Management body trained and capacitated to run the MpA independently

100 (Management body supervises management activities {implementation of plans, enforcement,

100 budgeting, monitoring and evaluation} and coordinates activities with partners)

100 4e Enforcement system fully operational

50 (Enforcement group with mandate and workplan; Enforcement support structures maintained 50 and patrolling activities sustained over the years) 50 , 40

50 , 40 4f Illegal and destructive activities stopped inside and within the vicinity of MPA

100 , (No violations/apprehensions reported inside and w/in 500m from the MPA boundary in the 100 , past year) 100 , 4g Environment friendly enterprise and/or user fees collected as a sustainable financing strategy 100 , (Sells environment friendly products/goods to tourists; Imposes collection of user-fees; etc.) 100

100 Level 5: MPA is institutionalized - Excellent (Only applies for 4 years or older) (40 pts) 100

100 5a Information and education program on MPAs maintained over the years

100 (Information dissemination activities sustained according to long-term IEC program) 100 5b Ordinance passed by the Provincial Council giving MPA stronger political support 100 (Gives MPA institutional support to strengthen enforcement and collaboration) 100

50 5c Management plan refined for adaptive management

50 (Incorporates further refinements after gaining much experience and lessons to improve 50 , 40 management strategies) 50 , 40 5d Management plan incorporated in the LGU development plan 100 ,

100 , (MPA incorporated within the long-term LGU area-wide development plan)

K 5e Evaluation of impacts on ecology & socio-economy conducted & feedback of results completed Y 50 (Assessment of resource status and long-term trends conducted. Analysis of change in local 50 economy and long-term-trends of user groups conducted. Reports of these studies have been 100 M

C completed and reported back to stakeholders) 100

100 5f Revenues from enterprise and/or user fees sustained and accounted for

100 (Existing sustainable financing mechanisms are well-managed and well documented; Financial

100 reports easily accessible) 100

100 5g Management body capacitated for financial management and fund sourcing 100 (Management body is well-trained to manage funds effectively {Facilitates proper handling,

50 wise use & proper documentation}; They are also trained to seek for financial assistance

50 {Formulated and submitted proposals}) 50 , 40

50 , 40 5h MPA emphasizes on public education and is being used as a study tour site, residents advocate for MpA 50 (After much experience, members are ready to share lessons and impart knowledge. Presence of 50 an identified group that conducts tours & is capable of giving talks on MPA; Paper/s written on 50 their success stories published) 50

100 5i Expansion strategies or enhancement programs initiated

100 (MPA coverage is expanded e.g. from a sanctuary to a park, or; Scope of conservation activities

100 is heightened e.g. coral reef restoration, re-seeding of clams, etc.)

100 Total points accumulated: 9.0 100 Level 1 – Level 2 (remaining activities for Level 1 needs to be completed) 100 • Total possible points: 40 100 • All points are cumulative 100 • Points from higher levels can be used to satisfy lower rating levels 50

50 • Adapted from the work of the Coastal Resource Management Project team of Negros Oriental 50 , 40 (William Ablong and Erwin Dolumbal, with assistance from Dr. Alan White, January 2001.) 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 8 197 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 Priorities for improved [ ] Lack of community awareness and support 50

management: [ x ] Weak government support 100

(Choose top 3 answers) 100

[ ] Weak law enforcement 100

[ ] Lack of a sustainable financing mechanism 100 100

[ x ] Need for management capacity development 100

[ ] Politics 100 100 [ ] Multiple resource use conflict 75 , 66

[ x ] Lack of supplemental and alternative livelihood 75 , 66 75

[ ] Others, specify: ______75 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 C M 50 50 50 Y K 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 198 Appendix 9 100 100 100 Appendix 9. MFC Ivisan 100 100 100

100 iviSAn municiPAl FiShEriES coDE oF 2011 50 50 50 , 40 A Code for the sustainable management, development and conservation of the Municipal Waters of 50 , 40 Ivisan including its Marine and Coastal Fishery Resources. 100 ,

100 , Be it enacted by the Sangguniang Bayan of the Municipality of Ivisan, Capiz in its regular session

100 , assembled, That: 100 , Section 1. Title 100

100 This Code shall be known as “ Ivisan Municipal Fisheries Code of 2011” 100

100 Article I. Declaration of Policy, Definitions and Application 100

100 Section 2. Declaration of Policy 100

100 It is hereby declared the policy of the municipality of Ivisan:

50 a. to achieve food security as the guiding principle in the utilization, management, 50

50 , 40 development conservation and protection of major habitat (mangroves, seagrass

50 , 40 and corals) and fishery resources in order to provide the food needs of the popula-

100 , tion; 100 ,

K b. to regulate access to the fishery and aquatic resources of Ivisan; Y 50

50 c. to ensure the rational and sustainable development, management and conserva- 100 M tion of the fishery and aquatic resources in Ivisan with the objective of maintaining C 100 ecological balance, protecting and enhancing the quality of the environment; 100

100 d. to protect the rights of municipal fisherfolk by giving them the preferential use of

100 municipal waters; 100

100 e. to provide support to the fishery sector and the municipal fisherfolk (men and

100 women) and youth sectors, through appropriate technology and research, ad-

50 equate financial, production, construction of post-harvest facilities, marketing as-

50 sistance, and other services. 50 , 40

50 , 40 f. to manage fishery and aquatic resources, in a manner consistent with the concept

50 of an integrated coastal area management with technical services and guidance

50 provided by the concerned agencies and the municipality; and

50 g. to grant the private sector the privilege to utilize fishery resources under the basic 50

100 concept that the grantee, licensee or permittee thereof shall not only be a privi-

100 leged beneficiary of the municipality but also an active participant and partner

100 in the sustainable development, management, conservation and protection of the

100 fishery and aquatic resources of Ivisan. 100

100 The LGU of Ivisan shall ensure the attainment of the following objectives of the

100 fishery sector; 100 1. Conservation, protection and sustained management of the municipality’s fish- 50 ery and aquatic resources; 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 2. Poverty alleviation and the provision of supplementary livelihood among mu- nicipal fisherfolk; 75

75 3. Improvement of productivity of aquaculture within ecological limits; 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 212 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 9 199 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 4. Optimal utilization of offshore and deep-sea resources; and 50 50 5. Upgrading of post-harvest technology and facilities 100

Section 3. Definition of Terms (adopted from RA 8550) 100 100

a. Aquaculture - fishery operations involving all forms of raising and culturing fish 100

and other fishery species in fresh, brackish and marine water areas. 100 100

b. Aquatic Pollution - the introduction by human or machine, directly or indirectly, of 100

substances or energy to the aquatic environment which result or is likely to result 100 in such deleterious effects as to harm living and non-living aquatic resources, pose 75 , 66 potential and/or real hazard to human health, hindrance to aquatic activities such 75 , 66 as fishing and navigation, including dumping/disposal of waste and other marine 75 litters, discharge of petroleum or residual products of petroleum Of carbonaceous 75

materials/substances, and other, radioactive, noxious or harmful liquid, gaseous 50 , 40 50 , 40

or solid substances, from any water, land or air transport or other human-made 50

structure. Deforestation, unsound agricultural practices such as the use of banned 50

chemicals and excessive use of chemicals, intensive use of artificial fish feed, and 100

wetland conversion, which causes similar hazards and deleterious effect shall also 100

constitute aquatic pollution. 100 100

c. Aquatic Resources - includes fish, all other aquatic flora and fauna and other living 100

resources of the aquatic environment including, but not limited to, salt and corals. 100 d. Artificial Reef - any structure of natural or man-made materials placed on a body 100 100 C M of water to serve as shelter and habitat, source of food, breeding areas for fishery 50

species and shoreline protection. 50 50 Y

e. Baling (beach seine) – is fishing with a cast net far from shore in shallow (4–5 m K deep) sections of a body of water. The fish are surrounded by a wall of net encom- 50

passing a volume of water from the bottom to the surface; the net is lifted and the 50 , 40 50 , 40 water volume gradually diminishes to the point at which the fish can be scooped 50

out. Two vessels at a distance of several meters apart cast the net around a school 50

of fish and lift it out of the water. The net is brought up without losing any fish 100

between the wings of the net. During the seining, the boats remain anchored. Cast 100 nets 400-500 m long and 5-6 high are used for this type of fishing. Beach-seine 100 fishing requires a receiving vessel on which to unload the fish. 100 100

f. Closed Season - the period during which the taking of specified fishery species by a 100

specified fishing gear is prohibited in a specified area or areas in municipal waters. 100 100

g. Coastal Area/Zone - is a band of dry land and adjacent ocean space (water and 50

submerged land) in which terrestrial processes and uses directly affect oceanic 50

processes and uses, and vice versa; its geographic extent may include areas within 100 , a landmark limit of one (1) kilometer from the shoreline at high tide to include 100 ,

mangrove swamps, brackish water ponds, nipa swamps, estuarine rivers, sandy 50 , 40

beaches and other areas within a seaward limit of 200 meters isobath to include 50 , 40 50 coral reefs, algal flats, seagrass beds and other soft-bottom areas. 50

h. Commercial Fishing - the taking of fishery species by passive or active gear for 100

trade, business or profit beyond subsistence or sports fishing. 100 100

i. Commercial Scale - a scheme of producing a minimum harvest per hectare per year 100

of milkfish or other species including those raised in pens, cages, and tanks not less 100

than 300 kilos per hectare 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 200 Appendix 9 100 100 100 j. Coral - the hard calcareous substance made up of the skeleton of marine coelenter- 100

100 ate polyps which include reefs, shelves and atolls or any of the marine coelenterate

100 animals living in colonies where their skeletons form a stony mass. ‘They include:

100 (a) skeletons of anthozoan coelenterates characterized as having a rigid axis of

50 compact calcareous or horny spicules, belonging to the genus corallium as rep-

50 resented by the red, pink, and white corals which are considered precious corals; 50 , 40

50 , 40 (b) skeletons of anthozoan coelenterates characterized by thorny, horny axis such

100 , as the antipatharians represented by the black corals which are considered semi-

100 , precious corals; and (c) ordinary corals which are any kind of corals that are not

100 , precious nor semi-precious. 100 , k. Coral Reef - a natural aggregation of coral skeleton, with or without living coral 100 polyps, occurring in interlidal and subtidal marine waters. 100

100 l. Electrofishing - the use of electricity generated by batteries, electric generator and

100 other source of electric power to kill, stupefy, disable or render unconscious fishery

100 species, whether or not the same are subsequently recovered. 100

100 m. Endangered, Rare and/or Threatened Species - aquatic plants, animals, including

100 some varieties of corals and sea shells in danger of extinction as provided for in

50 existing fishery laws, rules and regulations or in the Protected Areas and Wildlife 50

50 , 40 Bureau of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and

50 , 40 in the Convention of the International Trade of Endangered Species of Flora and

100 , Fauna (CITES). 100 ,

K n. FARMCs - the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Councils Y 50

50 o. Filter net (Balaybay)– Filter net or “sanggab”. – A fixed stationary fishing gear 100

M made of natural/synthetic materials with a fine screen/ net at cod-end forming a C 100 conical bag with “non-return” valves. Its mouth is held open by sets of anchors and

100 floats or by tying two (2) laterals sides of the rib lines to a set of rings attached to 100 two (2) vertical posts and bottom line pulled down by sinkers and set against the 100 tidal current, both ebb and flood. In Ivisan this fishing devise is used in harvest- 100 ing fish and other species in the mangroves. The length of net depends on the area 100

100 where harvest is targeted. Usually 1- 2 persons operate a filter net.

50 p. Fine Mesh Net - net with mesh size of less than three centimeters (3 cm.) measured 50

50 , 40 between two (2) opposite knots of a full mesh when stretched or as otherwise de-

50 , 40 termined by the appropriate government agency.

50 q. Fish and Fishery/Aquatic Products - include not only finfish but also molluscs, 50 crustaceans, echinoderms, marine mammals, and all other species of aquatic flora 50 and fauna and all other products of aquatic living resources in any form. 50

100 r. Fish Cage - refers to an enclosure which is stationary or floating made up of nets 100 or screens sewn or fastened together and installed in the water with opening at the 100 surface or covered and held in a place by wooden/bamboo posts or various types of 100 anchors and floats. 100

100 s. Fish Corral or “Baklad” - a stationary weir or trap devised to intercept and capture 100 fish consisting of rows of bamboo stakes, plastic nets and other materials fenced 100 with split bamboo matting or wire matting with one or more enclosures, usually 50 with easy entrance but difficult exit, and with or without leaders to direct the fish 50

50 , 40 to the catching chambers, purse or bags. 50 , 40 t. Fish fingerlings - a stage in the life cycle of the fish measuring to about 6-13 cm. 75 depending on the species. 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 9 201 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

u. Fish fry - a stage at which a fish has just been hatched usually with sizes from 1-2.5 50

cm. 50 v. Fish pen - an artificial enclosure constructed within a body of water for culturing 100 fish and fishery/aquatic resources made up of poles closely arranged in an enclo- 100 100 sure with wooden materials, screen or nylon netting to prevent escape of fish. 100

w. Fisherfolk - people directly or personally and physically engaged in taking and/or 100 culturing and processing fishery and/or aquatic resources. 100 100

x. Fisherfolk Cooperative - a duly registered association of fisherfolk with a common 100

bond of interest who have voluntarily joined together to achieve a lawful common 75 , 66

social or economic end, making equitable contribution to the capital requirement 75 , 66 75 and accepting a fair share of the risks and benefits of the undertakings in accor- 75 dance with universally accepted cooperative principles. 50 , 40

y. Fisherfolk Organization - an organized group association, federation, alliance or 50 , 40 50 an institutions of fisherfolk which has at least fifteen (15) members, a set of of- ficers, a constitution and by-laws, an organizational structure and a program of 50 100 action. 100

z. Fisheries - refers to all activities relating to the act or business of fishing, culturing 100 preserving processing marketing, developing, conserving and managing aquatic 100 100 resources and the fishery areas, including the privilege to fish or take aquatic re- 100

source thereof. 100 100 aa. Fish Pond - a land-based facility enclosed with earthen or stone material to im- C M 50 pound water for growing fish. 50 50 Y

bb. Fishing Boat/Gear License - a permit to operate specific types of fishing boat/gear K for specific durations in areas beyond municipal waters for demersal or pelagic 50

fishery resources. 50 , 40 50 , 40 cc. Fishery Management Areas - a bay, gulf, lake or any other fishery area which may 50 be delineated for fishery resource management purposes. 50 100

dd. Fishery Operator - one who owns and provides the means including land, labor, 100

capital, fishing gears and vessels, but does not personally engage in fishery. 100 100

ee. Fishery Refuge and Sanctuaries - a designated area where fishing or other forms 100

of activities which may damage the ecosystem of the area is prohibited and human 100

access may be restricted. 100 100

ff. Fishery Reserve - a designated area where activities are regulated and set aside for 50

educational and research purposes. 50

gg. Fishery Species - all aquatic flora and fauna including but not restricted to, fish, 100 ,

algae, coelenterates, molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms and cetaceans. 100 , 50 , 40 hh. Fishing - the taking of fishery species from their wild state or habitat, with or with- 50 , 40 out the use of fishing vessels. 50 50

ii. Fishing gear - any instrument or device and its accessories utilized in taking fish 100

and other fishery species. 100 a. Active fishing gear - is a fishing device characterized by gear movements, and/ 100 100

or the pursuit of the target species by towing, lifting, and pushing the gears, sur- 100 rounding, covering, dredging, pumping and seating the target species to impound- 100

ments; such as, but not limited to, trawl, purse seines, Danish seines, bag nets, 100

“paaling,” drift gill net and tuna long line . 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 202 Appendix 9 100 100 100 b. Passive fishing gear - is characterized by the absence of gear movements and/ 100

100 or the pursuit of the target species; such as, but not limited to, hook and line, fish

100 pots, traps and gill nets across the path of the fish.

100 jj. Fishing vessel - any boat, ship or other watercraft equipped to be used for taking of 50 fishery species or aiding or assisting one (1) or move vessels in the performance of 50

50 , 40 any activity relating to fishing, including, but not limited to, preservation, supply, 50 , 40 storage, refrigeration, transportation and/or processing. 100 ,

100 , kk. Fishing with Explosives -the use of the dynamite, other explosives or other chemi-

100 , cal compounds that contains combustible elements or ingredients which upon ig-

100 , nition by friction, concussion, percussion or detonation of all or parts of the com-

100 pound will kill, stupefy, disable or render unconscious any fishery species. It also

100 refers to the use of any other substance and/or device which causes an explosion

100 that is capable of producing the said harmful effects on any fishery species and

100 aquatic resources and capable of damaging and altering the natural habitat. 100

100 ll. Fishing with Noxious or Poisonous Substances - he use of any substance, plant

100 extracts or juice thereof, sodium cyanide and/or cyanide compounds or other

100 chemicals either in a raw or processed form, harmful or harmless to human be-

50 ings, which will kill, stupefy, disable or render unconscious any fishery species and 50

50 , 40 aquatic resources and capable of damaging and altering the natural habitat. 50 , 40 mm. Food Security - refers to any plan policy or strategy aimed at ensuring adequate 100 , supplies of appropriate food at affordable prices. Food security may be achieved 100 ,

K through self-sufficiency (i. e. ensuring adequate food supplies from domestic pro- Y 50 duction) through self-reliance (i. e. ensuring adequate food supplies through a 50 combination of domestic production and importation) or through pure importa- 100 M

C tion. 100

100 nn. Foreshore Land - a string of land margining a body of water: the part of a seashore 100 between the low-water line usually at the seaward margin of a low tide terraces and 100 the upper limit of wave wash at high tide usually marked by a beach scarp or berm. 100

100 oo. Gross Tonnage - includes the underdeck tonnage permanently enclosed spaces 100 above the tonnage deck except for certain exemptions In broad terms all the ves-

50 sel’s ‘closed-in’ spaces expressed in volume terms on the bases of one hundred 50

50 , 40 cubic feet (that equals one gross ton) 50 , 40 pp. Inland Fishery - the freshwater fishery and brackish water fishponds 50

50 qq. Lift net (Arong) – are stationary fishing gears operated seasonally usually from

50 March to September. It is made of bamboo poles and nets submerged in the bot-

50 tom with lights (to attract fish) placed on top of the unit (at least 20 units). Lift

100 nets are installed at a minimum depth of 2 fathoms and maximum depth of 12 100 fathoms and can catch various fish species. The term lift net connotes that fish are 100 harvested by lifting the nets. 100

100 rr. Mangroves - a community of intertidal plants including all species of trees shrubs, 100 vines and herbs found on coasts swamps or border of swamps. 100

100 ss. Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) - is the largest average quantity of’ fish that can

50 be harvested from a fish stocks/resource within a period of time (e. g. one year) on

50 a sustainable basis under existing environmental conditions. 50 , 40

50 , 40 tt. Monitoring, control and surveillance

75 a. Monitoring - the requirement of continuously observing: (1) fishing effort which 75

75 , 66 can be expressed by the number of days or hours of fishing, number of fishing gears 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 9 203 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

and number of fisherfolk; (2) characteristics of fishery resources; and (3) resource 50

yields (catch); 50

b. Control - the regulatory conditions (legal framework) under which the exploita- 100 tion, utilization and disposition of the resources may be conducted; and 100 100 c. Surveillance - the degree and types of observations required to maintain compli- 100

ance with regulations. 100

uu. Municipal fisherfolk - persons who are directly or indirectly engaged in municipal 100 100 fishing and other related fishing activities. 100

vv. Municipal fishing - refers to fishing within municipal waters using fishing vessels 75 , 66

of three (3) gross tons or less, or fishing not requiring the use of fishing vessels. 75 , 66 75

ww. Municipal waters - include not only streams, lakes, inland bodies of water and 75

tidal waters within the municipality which are not included within the protected 50 , 40

areas as defined under Republic Act No. 7586 (The NIPAS Law), public forest, 50 , 40 50 timber lands, forest reserves or fishery reserves, but also marine waters included 50 between two (2) lines drawn perpendicular to the general coastline from points 100 where the boundary lines of the municipality touch the sea at low tide and a third 100

line parallel with the general coastline including offshore islands and fifteen (15) 100

kilometers from such coastline. Where two (2) municipalities are so situated on 100

opposite shores that there is less than thirty (30) kilometers of marine waters be- 100

tween them, the third line shall be equally distant from the opposite shore of the 100 respective municipalities. 100 100 C M xx. Non-governmental organizations (NGO) - an agency, institution, a foundation or a 50

group of persons whose purpose is to assist peoples organizations/associations in 50 50 Y

various ways including, but not limited to, organizing education, training, research K and/or resource accessing. 50 yy. Payao - a fish aggregating device consisting of a floating raft anchored by a weight- 50 , 40 50 , 40 ed line with suspended materials such as palm fronds to attract pelagic and school- 50 ing species common in deep waters. 50 100

zz. People’s Organization - a bonafide association of citizens with demonstrated ca- 100

pacity to promote the public interest and with identifiable leadership, membership 100

and structure. Its members belong to a sector/s who voluntarily bands themselves 100 together to work for and by themselves for their own upliftment, development and 100 greater good. 100 100

aaa. Person - natural or juridical entities such as individuals, associations, partnership, 100 cooperatives or corporations. 50 50 bbb. Post-harvest facilities - these facilities include, but are not limited to, fish port, fish 100 , landing, ice plants and cold storages, fish processing plants. 100 ,

ccc. Purse Seine - a form of encircling net having a line at the bottom passing through 50 , 40 50 , 40 rings attached to the net, which can be drawn or pursed. In general, the net is set 50

from a boat or pair of boats around the school of fish. The bottom of the net is 50

pulled closed with the purse line. The net is then pulled aboard the fishing boat or 100

boats until JTC fish are concentrated in the bunt or fish bag. 100 100

ddd. Sea farming - the stocking of natural or hatchery- produced marine plants or ani- 100

mals, under controlled conditions, for purposes of rearing and harvesting, but not 100

limited to commercially-important fishes, molluscs (such as pearl and giant clam 100

culture), including seaweeds and seagrasses. 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 204 Appendix 9 100 100 100 eee. Superlight - also called magic light, is a type of light using halogen or metal halide 100

100 bulb which may be located above the sea surface or submerged in the water. It con-

100 sists of a ballast, regulator, electric cable and socket. The source of energy comes

100 from a generator, battery or dynamo coupled with the main engine.

50 fff. Taba – usually installed stationary in rivers and creeks and is made of nets to 50

50 , 40 catch fish and other species; it operates like a trap (baklad) but small scale. 50 , 40

100 , ggg. Trawl - an active fishing gear consisting of a bag shaped net with or without otter

100 , boards to open its opening which is dragged or towed along the bottom or through

100 , the water column to take fishery species by straining them from the water, includ-

100 , ing all variations and modifications of trawls (bottom, mid-water, and baby trawls)

100 and tow nets. 100 Section 4. Application of its Provisions 100

100 The provisions of this Code shall be enforced in: 100

100 1. All areas within the municipal waters of Ivisan, as defined in this Code;

100 2. All coastal and marine resources in the municipal waters;

100 3. All lands, activities or businesses relating to the use, development, conservation

50 and management of the municipal waters and its coastal and marine resources; 50

50 , 40 and

50 , 40 4. All persons, entities, or corporations that use and/ or intend to use the coastal and

100 , fishery resources of Ivisan. 100 ,

K Article II. Utilization, Management, Development and Conservation of Coastal Y 50

50 and Fishery Resources in the Municipal Waters 100 M

C Section 5. Jurisdiction of municipal government 100

100 The Ivisan LGU shall have jurisdiction over its municipal waters and coastal and 100 marine resources. The Ivisan LGU through the Municipal Fisheries and Aquatic Re- 100 sources Management Council (MFARMC) and the Municipal Fisheries Management 100 Unit (MFMU) shall be responsible for the management, conservation, development, 100

100 protection, utilization and disposition of all coastal and fishery resources within the

50 municipal waters. 50

50 , 40 The Ivisan LGU shall enact corresponding ordinances and other measures which may-

50 , 40 be recommended by the MFARMC; Provided, however that all ordinances enacted and other measures issued shall conform to existing national laws and policies and shall 50

50 not endanger the sustainability of or destroy the ecological balance of the coastal and

50 fishery resources; 50 The Ivisan LGU in consultation with the MFARMC and or BFARMC, registered organi- 100

100 zation of fishers and other concerned agencies or groups shall enforce laws pertinent to

100 fishery resources and related ordinances enacted by the Sangguniang Bayan. 100 Section 6. Regulation of fishery activities 100

100 The following fishery activities engaged by any person, cooperative, or corporation 100 shall be regulated by the municipal government in areas declared as overfished (based 100 on available data or information) or is in danger of being overfished and there is a need 50 for regeneration of the coastal and fishery resources in areas within municipal waters: 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 1. Use of fish net as Taksay, Kayagkag (encircling gill net), Patuloy/ Palubog (bottom set gill net), Patuloy/ Pamanti (surface gill net), Sagnoy (dragnet), Hudhod (scis- 75 sor net/push net), Balaybay (long net installed along mangrove areas) 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 9 205 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

2. Stationery fishing gears (Taba) in rivers or offshore areas 50

3. Timing (use for catching blue crabs, shrimps) 50

4. Tapangan (use for catching mud crabs) 100

5. Tahongan (mussel culture) 100

6. Talabahan (oyster culture) 100

7. Arong (stationery lift net) 100 8. Surambaw (mobile lift net) 100 9. Pamunit/panglabay (hook and line) 100 100 10. Pamintol (use for catching mud crab) 100 11. Panginhas (gleaning) 75 , 66

Only after licenses or permits are secured from the municipal government shall opera- 75 , 66 75 tion of the above mentioned activities be allowed. 75

Section 7. Banned fishery activities 50 , 40 50 , 40 The following fishing activities are totally banned from operating within the municipal 50

waters of Ivisan: 50 100 1. Fishing with the use of compressor 100

2. Trawl fishing 100

3. Spear fishing (particularly inside the Fish Sanctuary and Reserve) 100

4. Electro fishing 100

5. Fishing with the use of poisonous/ noxious substances such as cyanide, “lagtang” 100 or “tubli” and teaseed 100 100 6. Use of explosives/dynamite C M 50 7. Commercial fishing operation (with active gear) 50 50 8. Mechanized push net (hudhod) Y K

9. Fishing with the use of super lights 50 10. Gathering of sea cucumber and other shells using rake 11. Crab fattening along the river 50 , 40 50 , 40 12. Building structures in the river and the river easement 50 13. Dumping of all kinds of wastes (solid, liquid and toxic) in rivers, creeks and the 50 shoreline 100 100

Section 8. Zoning of municipal waters (classification, location and allowed activities) 100 100

The municipal waters of Ivisan are classified according to the following zones: 100

a. Zone 1 (Mariculture Zone) –Mariculture area covering the municipal waters at 100 Basiao (specifically tidal flats at Palanas and Looc), Cabugao (specifically Taguikan 100 100

and Tigis), tidal flats along Cudian river, Matnog and Agustin Navarra for oyster 50

and mussel culture; covers the municipal waters at Basiao (specifically Looc and 50 Baybay) and Cabugao Cove at 100 meters from the shoreline, and Malakha islet at 50 meters from the shoreline (on the deeper side where there is no coral growth) 100 , for fish culture in cages. The Municipal Assessor’s Office, Municipal Agriculture 100 , 50 , 40 Office (MAO) and the Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO) shall 50 , 40 be responsible for establishing the technical descriptions of the mariculture zone 50 and shall furnish the SB with a copy for reference. 50 100

Activities allowed in the mariculture zone are research and scientific studies, regu- 100 lated study visits and production using appropriate method (e.g. hanging and raft 100

method for oyster and mussel culture and anchor or corner poles to prevent silt- 100 ation for fish cages). 100 100

All persons, cooperatives or associations (or corporations) must secure licenses 100

and permits from the municipal government prior to setting up of mariculture 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 206 Appendix 9 100 100 100 activities within the municipal waters of Ivisan. Fishing activities such as pamanti 100

100 and patuloy are not allowed within the mariculture zone. Dumping of waste in the

100 designated mariculture zone is also prohibited.

100 Mariculture farm operators/ owners shall be required to submit production report 50 annually. The report shall include investment cost, production report (in kilos), 50

50 , 40 type of species cultured, feeds used (commercial or trash fish) and volume, issues 50 , 40 and problems and recommendations. A report format will be provided by the of- 100 , fice of the MAO. The annual report shall be a prerequisite for issuance/ renewal of 100 , license and permit. 100 ,

100 , b. Zone 2 (Protection Zone) – covers the municipal fish sanctuary and re-

100 serve area in Barangay Balaring (830 hectares) specifically located in Marocol

100 Gamay and Daku, Mahabang Pulo from Marangkalan point to Nailong point;

100 mangroves in Barangays Balaring (50 hectares from Sitio Cagusong to Kabuli-

100 han), Agustin Navarra (50 hectares from Sitio Dapdap to Talon, Roxas City bound-

100 ary and the boundary with Matnog), Cabugao (.6 hectares from Cabugao river to 100 Taguikan; .45 hectares from Mayha to Bara Majanlud boundary), Matnog (from 100 the main dike of Alcazaren fishpond to Agmalobo boundary), Agmalobo (from the 100 main dike of Ledesma fishpond to Bulabod river, Poblacion Sur boundary) and 50

50 Cudian (32 hectares along Cudian river and Dait river); seagrass beds found in 50 , 40 some parts of Balaring (Dinugmaan point and Kanduyong point; Panublihan to 50 , 40 Marangkalan point) and vicinities of Malakha islet. The Municipal Assessor’s Of- 100 , fice, Municipal Agriculture Office (MAO) and the Municipal Planning and Devel- 100 ,

K opment Office (MPDO) shall be responsible for establishing the technical descrip- Y 50 tions of the protection zone and shall furnish the SB with a copy for reference. 50 100

M Future MPAs that will be established (including Tuad island near boundary lines C 100 between Roxas City and Ivisan) shall likewise be classified under the protection

100 zone. 100

100 Activities in the protection zone are limited to scientific and research studies, edu-

100 cation, eco-tourism and regulated fishing and gleaning activities. Designated navi-

100 gational lanes shall be provided in areas where seagrasses are abundant. Cutting 100 and conversion of mangroves for other uses is not allowed. Bird hunting and other

50 human activities (e.g. dumping of solid and human waste) inside the mangroves 50

50 , 40 are likewise not allowed. All protection areas shall be delineated with markers/

50 , 40 buoys.

50 Areas where artificial reefs are deployed shall be part of the protection zone. De- 50 ployment of ARs shall conform with the Joint DENR-DA-DILG-DND Memo Order 50 No.1 Series of 2000. 50

100 Nipa planting shall be prohibited in easement areas. 100

100 c. Zone 3 (Eco-tourism Zone) – covers the portion of the fish sanctuary and re-

100 serve area from Dinugmaan point to Marangkalan point (declared as recreational

100 zone within the marine reserve) and Tuad (watch tower), beach resorts and other 100 areas as may be identified by the LGU of Ivisan. The Municipal Assessor’s Office, 100 Municipal Agriculture Office (MAO) and the Municipal Planning and Develop- 100 ment Office (MPDO) shall be responsible for establishing the technical descrip- 50 tions of the eco-tourism zone and shall furnish the SB with a copy for reference. 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 The recreation area in the marine fish sanctuary and reserve shall be declared as eco-tourism zone. Activities allowed in the recreation area are picture taking, 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 9 207 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

swimming and picnic, bird watching, and island hopping however bringing of 50

foods and cooking are only allowed in designated areas. 50 The activities that are not allowed in the eco-tourism areas include (nude scene/ 100 topless) littering of garbage, gathering or collecting of sand, gravel and corals, 100 100 bringing and using drugs, public scandals, cutting of trees or destroying of plants 100

and hunting of any animal species. 100

d. Zone 4 (Multiple-Use Zone) – Areas within the municipality of Ivisan where 100 100 gleaning activities are conducted, fish landing areas, fry gathering areas, fish dry- 100 ing areas, rivers and creeks are classified under the multiple-use zone. The Mu- nicipal Assessor’s Office, Municipal Agriculture Office (MAO) and the Municipal 75 , 66 75 , 66 Planning and Development Office (MPDO) shall be responsible for establishing 75

the technical descriptions of the multiple-use zone and shall furnish the SB with a 75

copy for reference. 50 , 40 50 , 40 Gleaning areas (panginhasan) are found in the shoreline of Malakha island, rocky 50

shoreline in Balaring from Panublihan to barangay proper; Marangkalan to Ma- 50

rokol, Tigis and Magulayag and Mayha in Cabugao. Harvesting/gleaning of shells 100

shall be limited to those that are fully mature to allow natural reproduction. 100 100

Overturning rocks and use of rake in shell gathering is not allowed during glean- 100

ing. 100 100

All fishing boats should land their fish at designated fish landing areas. No dump- 100

ing of garbage or any waste materials (e.g. use oil, lubricants/grease, etc) is al- 100 C M lowed in the coastal areas. Construction of structures in the coastal and marine 50

areas is not allowed without proper permits and licenses from the LGU. Landing of 50 50 Y

contraband goods in Ivisan shoreline is not allowed. K 50 Fry gathering shall be allowed on concession basis. Necessary LGU permit shall be secured prior to operation. Grant of concession permit shall go through a bidding 50 , 40 50 , 40 process. 50 50

No fish drying areas shall be permitted within 100 meters of beach resorts. LGU 100

permit is required for large scale fish drying activities while small scale or backyard 100

fish drying activities are not required to secure permits. 100 100

e. Zone 5 (Fishpond Zone) – Identified aquaculture areas within the municipality 100

of Ivisan intended for production of fish and shrimps that are located in Barangays 100

Cudian, Poblacion Norte and Sur, Agmalobo, Matnog, Agustin Navarra, Balaring, 100

Cabugao, Basiao and Malocloc Sur. The Municipal Assessor’s Office, Municipal 100 Agriculture Office (MAO) and the Municipal Planning and Development Office 50 (MPDO) shall be responsible for establishing the technical descriptions of the fish- 50

pond zone and shall furnish the SB with a copy for reference. 100 , All fishpond operators shall operate in areas stipulated in the FLA agreement with 100 , 50 , 40 BFAR or title/ property. Fishpond operators along rivers and seafront areas shall 50 , 40 be obliged to follow the establishment of a buffer or greenbelt area (20 meter strip 50 from property line inward). Other payments required of fishpond operators shall 50 100 follow the Municipal Revenue Code. 100

f. Zone 6 (Stationary Fishing Gear Zone) – covers offshore waters at Cabugao, 100

Balaring and Basiao and designated rivers and creeks within the Municipality of 100 Ivisan. The Municipal Assessor’s Office, Municipal Agriculture Office (MAO) and 100 the Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO) shall be responsible for 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 208 Appendix 9 100 100 100 establishing the technical descriptions of the stationary fishing gear zone and shall 100

100 furnish the SB with a copy for reference.

100 Installation of stationary fishing gears in the offshore waters at Cabugao, Balaring 100 and Basiao and Taba in rivers (Cudian River, Ivisan River, Majanlod River) and 50 creeks (Agomang- ang, Cabugao, Matnog, Agmalobo) shall be regulated to con- 50

50 , 40 form with provisions of RA 8550. 50 , 40

100 , Middle portion and mouths of rivers and creeks shall be off limits to any construc-

100 , tion. Reclamation and gathering of sand and gravel (commercial scale) is likewise

100 , not allowed in rivers and creeks. 100 , Section 9. Use and users of municipal waters 100

100 The use of the municipal fishery including the coastal and marine resources of Ivisan

100 shall be given priority to bonafide residents, registered municipal fisherfolk with per-

100 mits and license to operate or fish in the municipal waters of the municipality. 100

100 Non-residents of Ivisan (not exceeding 100 individual fisherfolk) shall be allowed to

100 fish only (but not to set up stationary fishing gears) provided they must secure the nec-

100 essary license, permits and other requirements from the LGU prior to fishing activity. 50

50 Non registered municipal fisherfolk, commercial fishers and illegal fishers are not al- 50 , 40 lowed to operate within the municipal waters. 50 , 40

100 , Section 10. Registry of coastal and fishery resource users 100 ,

K The LGU of Ivisan shall maintain the Municipal Fisherfolk Registry for the purpose Y 50 of regulating and monitoring fishing activities and limiting entry into the municipal 50 waters. The Municipal Agriculture Office shall be tasked to maintain the Municipal 100 M

C Fisherfolk Registry and shall be updated annually. 100

100 All fisherfolk in the municipality of Ivisan needs to be registered. To be officially reg- 100 istered, the fisher applicant needs to fill up Municipal Fisherfolk Registration Form 100 provided by the MAO with 2X2 I.D. photo, pay the fees and charges before issuance 100 of a Fisherfolk I. D. card. The BFARMC endorses the application of the fisher to the 100

100 Barangay Captain for certification.

50 The MFARMC, MAO, SB Committee Chairpersons on Fisheries and Agriculture and 50

50 , 40 SB Committee on Rules and Laws shall set the criteria on who shall be included in the

50 , 40 registry of fishery resource users.

50 Section 11. Public participation enhancement 50

50 Public participation is needed to ensure transparency and accountability, gather sug-

50 gestions and ideas, share experience/s, ensure cooperation/support of all stakehold-

100 ers, get comments and recommendation for decision making and arrive at win-win 100 solution. 100

100 Several forms of enhancing public participation include consultation/dialogue, meet-

100 ings/pulong-pulong sa barangay, public hearings, membership in special bodies and 100 community workshop/seminars. 100

100 Section 12. Environmental Compliance Certificate

50 All proposed projects e.g. beach resort, construction of commercial building in coastal 50

50 , 40 areas, large scale piggery/ poultry shall secure an ECC from the concerned government 50 , 40 agency prior to construction. The LGU and the affected community shall be involved in

75 the consultation process of securing the EIA. 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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Section 13. Protection of rare, threatened and endangered species 50

All rare, threatened and endangered species (as identified by the concerned agencies) 50 in Ivisan shall be protected through strict enforcement of fishery laws, rules and regu- 100 lations. IEC activities (e.g. pulong-pulong sa barangay, installation of billboards, etc) 100 100 shall be intensified to enhance awareness of communities. 100

Section 14. Assistance and support to municipal fishers 100 100

The LGU shall provide assistance and support to the municipal fishers by enhancing 100

regulatory and enforcement services of the Bantay Dagat, linkage to other govern- 100

ment agencies for financial assistance, organizing fisherfolk organizations/coop and 75 , 66

BFARMC/MFARMC, provide start up funds for alternative livelihoods project, provide 75 , 66 75 resource enhancement projects (e.g. fish sanctuary and reserve establishment) and en- 75 hance knowledge and skills through conduct of trainings and seminars and continuing IEC. 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 Section 15. Monitoring of activities in the coastal and marine areas 50

The FARMC at the barangay and municipal levels, MAO, Bantay Dagat and NGOs shall 100

be tasked to monitor activities in the coastal and marine areas. For effective monitor- 100 ing of activities, regular meetings and reporting (quarterly), data documentation and 100 actual field validation or visitation needs to be established. 100 100 100

Article III. Exclusive Fishery Privileges 100 100 Section 16. Grant of exclusive fishery privileges C M 50

The LCE may grant exclusive fishery privilege to fishers, cooperatives or corporations 50 50 Y

who wish to operate mussel and oyster culture, culture of fish in cages, arong and taba K installation in designated areas within the municipal waters of Ivisan. In granting of 50

exclusive fishery privileges priority shall be given to bonafide residents of Ivisan, regis- 50 , 40 50 , 40

tered municipal fishers granted with permits and licenses to operate. Non- illegal and 50

non-destructive fishing methods and practices, fishery projects which have no adverse 50

environmental impacts can be granted exclusive fishery privileges. 100

Section 17. Steps/ procedure in granting of fishery privileges 100 100

The following steps must be followed in securing for exclusive fishery privileges: 100 100

1. Applicant must register as municipal fisherfolk or show proof as registered fisher 100

2. BFARMC endorsement 100

3. Clearance from Barangay Captain 100 4. Validation/ assessment and recommendation by the MAO of the viability of fishery 50 projects or activities applied 50

5. Confirmation by the MPDC regarding area availability/ assignment (with refer- 100 ,

ence to the master zoning plan) 100 , 6. Assessment and payment of fees and charges by the Municipal Treasurer 50 , 40 50 , 40 7. Approval by the LCE 50

8. Issuance of permit and license 50 100

Article IV. Management and operation of mariculture activities 100 100

The identified mariculture activities in Ivisan are oyster culture, mussel culture, crab 100

culture and culture of fish in cages. Permits and licenses need to be secured prior to 100

construction and operation of mariculture activities. Licenses and permits shall be 100 renewed annually. Only bona-fide residents and or registered fisherfolk, cooperatives 100

and registered associations based in Ivisan are allowed to construct and operate mari- 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 210 Appendix 9 100 100 100 culture activities in Ivisan. Dummies and sublease are not allowed in constructing and 100

100 operating mariculture activities.

100 Grounds for cancellation/ rejection of permits/ application for mariculture activities 100 are the following: 50

50 a. Violation of the conditions set in the permit/ license 50 , 40

50 , 40 b. Non-renewal of annual license/ permit

100 , c. Introduction of methods destructive to the environment

100 , d. Construction/ installation of mariculture activities in the zone/s where it is not

100 , allowed

100 , e. Dummies and subleasing

100 Mariculture activities shall be monitored by the MAO with the assistance of the BLGU, 100 FARMC and the Bantay Dagat. The Office of the Provincial Agriculturist (OPA) shall 100 take the responsibility of monitoring and reporting incidence of red tide and water 100 pollution. 100

100 Section 18. Mussel and oyster farming 100

100 Production areas for mussel and oyster farms shall be limited to a maximum of 200

50 square meters area/ HH in Cabugao, Basiao, Cudian, Agmalobo and Agustin Navarra. 50

50 , 40 Mussel and oyster farms shall observe a 2 meters distance between farms. Mussel and

50 , 40 oyster farm operators shall reserve an area of 12 meters as main navigational route.

100 , The office of the MPDC shall be responsible for assigning areas for the operation and 100 ,

K establishment of mussel and oyster farms with reference to the LGU master zoning Y 50 plan. 50 100

M In the eventual abandonment/ operation stoppage of the mussel and oyster farm, the C 100 owner shall be responsible for dismantling all related structures. In the event that the

100 owner fails to dismantle the structures, the municipality will initiate dismantling at the 100 expense of the owner/ operator/ farmer/ leasee. 100

100 Section 19. Fish cages 100

100 Fish cage operation shall be limited to 150 square meters area per applicant for Ivisan residents. Operators of fish cages shall observe the 6 meters distance in structure in- 50

50 stallation between trenches/ fencing. No dummies are allowed. 50 , 40

50 , 40 The office of the MPDC shall be responsible for assigning areas for the operation and establishment of fish cage culture with reference to the LGU master zoning plan. 50

50 In the eventual abandonment/ operation stoppage of the fish cage culture, the owner 50 shall be responsible for dismantling all related structures. In the event that the owner 50 fails to dismantle the structures, the municipality will initiate dismantling at the ex- 100

100 pense of the owner/ operator/ farmer/ leasee. Transfer and selling of rights are not

100 allowed. 100 Operation of fish cages shall follow the Code of Practice for Responsible Aquaculture in 100

100 determining stocking density, technology and other related activities.

100 Section 20. Taba (fish corral) 100

50 Taba operators in shall observe 200 meters distance between structures (inside the

50 Cove) while operators from Malakha island going seaward shall observe 500 meters 50 , 40

50 , 40 distance. Navigational route shall be freed from construction of Taba and other per- manent structures. 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 9 211 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

Taba operators shall use nets with mesh size of not less than 3 centimeters in diameter 50

(when stretched). 50 The office of the MPDC shall be responsible for assigning areas for the operation and 100 establishment of Taba with reference to the LGU master zoning plan. 100 100

In the eventual abandonment/ operation stoppage of Taba, the owner shall be respon- 100 sible for dismantling all related structures. In the event that the owner fails to dis- 100 mantle the structures, the municipality will initiate dismantling at the expense of the 100 100 owner/ operator/ farmer/ leasee. 100

Taba construction in rivers and creeks shall be regulated to avoid heavy siltation and 75 , 66

extinction. 75 , 66 75

Offshore Taba shall be installed in areas far (at least 1 km radius) from the fish sanctu- 75

ary and reserve. 50 , 40 50 , 40 Section 21. Arong 50 Arong operators shall be allowed use of fine meshed nets (mainly for catching bolinao) 50 100 and must observe a distance of 750 meters between structures. 100

The office of the MPDC shall be responsible for assigning areas for the operation and 100 establishment of Arong with reference to the LGU master zoning plan. 100 100

Arong shall be installed in areas far (at least 1 km radius) from the fish sanctuary and 100 reserve. 100 100 C M In the eventual abandonment/ operation stoppage of Arong, the owner shall be re- 50

sponsible for dismantling all related structures. In the event that the owner fails to 50 50 Y

dismantle the structures, the municipality will initiate dismantling at the expense of K the owner/ operator/ farmer/ leasee. 50 50 , 40 50 , 40

Article V. Marine Protected Areas 50

Section 22. Designated MPA 50 100

At present there is one marine protected area, the Ivisan Fish Sanctuary and Reserve 100

located in Barangay Balaring which measures 830 hectares and has the following 100

boundary coordinates: 100 100

Lines Latitude Longitude 100 100 1 11º33’45” 122º38’03” 100

2 11º33’45” 122º37’09” 50 3 11º35’24” 122º37’09” 50 100 , 4 11º35’24” 122º38’54” 100 ,

5 11º34’30” 122º38’54” 50 , 40 50 , 40 The zones in the Ivisan Fish Sanctuary and Reserve (IFSR) as defined in Ordinance 50

No. 14 Series of 2002 including activities allowed and not allowed in the zones shall be 50 observed. 100 100

Section 23. Management of the MPA 100

The MFMU under the office of the MAO shall be created through an Executive Order is- 100 100 sued by the LCE and shall be responsible for supervising the management of the MPA. 100

A management team shall be established on site which will be tasked to perform the 100 following functions: 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 212 Appendix 9 100 100 100 a. Establish and maintain knowledge of the resources, users and activities in the area 100

100 b. Prepare a participatory annual detailed action oriented management plan to in-

100 clude permitting, budget, monitoring, surveillance, enforcement, public contacts,

100 maintenance and human resources development

50 c. Monitoring and evaluation (adopting widely accepted tools)

50 d. Coordination with community leaders, barangay council, fisherfolk organization, 50 , 40

50 , 40 FARMC’s and academe

100 , e. Oversee/ supervise the Bantay Dagats, Bantay-Gubat/ Katunggan 100 , Environmental and user fee at the rate of PhP 30.00 per head shall be charged in the 100 , use of IFSR recreational areas (Mabaay and Tuad Island). 100 ,

100 Article VI. Management of fishponds 100

100 Section 24. Promotion of fish culture in ponds 100

100 Culture of fish in ponds shall be considered by Ivisan LGU as a means to promote di-

100 versification of income. Provided that these resources are responsibly used and adverse

100 impact on the environment and the community are minimized. Provided, further, that

100 access of people to fishing grounds will not be affected. Provided finally that appropri-

50 ate environmental assessment, monitoring and mitigation to minimize adverse eco- 50

50 , 40 logical changes and related social consequences resulting from water extraction, dis-

50 , 40 charge of effluents, use of drugs and chemicals and other aquaculture related activities

100 , are established. 100 ,

K Section 25. Operating fishponds Y 50

50 Permits and licenses from the LGU need to be secured in operating fishponds within 100

M the municipality’s jurisdiction. These permits shall be renewed yearly. C 100 In securing permits, the fishpond operator shall provide proof of ownership (title for 100

100 privately owned ponds) a valid FLA issued by BFAR for government leased ponds or

100 contracts for joint venture. The amount to be paid by the fishpond operator in securing

100 LGU permit shall be consistent with the Municipal Revenue Code of Ivisan. 100

100 A yearly inventory and monitoring on production and utilization of fishponds shall be

50 conducted by the LGU (specifically the MFMU) for titled and privately owned ponds.

50 Report will be provided to BFAR for proper action and disposition of abandoned (FLA) 50 , 40 fishponds. 50 , 40

50 Article VII. Mangrove management 50

50 The coordinates for the mangroves in Barangays Balaring, Basiao, Agustin Navarra,

50 Cabugao, Matnog, Agmalobo, Cudian, Poblacion Norte and Sur shall be established by

100 the office of the MPDC for reference. 100

100 Section 26. Mangrove zones 100 The following are the zones that shall be established in the mangrove areas: 100

100 • Mangrove Reservation Zone - are areas with existing mangroves that are set aside 100 for protection and tourism purposes. This included natural grown mangroves 100 found in Agustin Navarra, 25 hectares; Balaring, 20 hectares; Cudian, 10 hectares, 50 and Poblacion’s Norte and Sur, 5 hectares. 50 50 , 40 • Mangrove Reforestation Zone - are areas that are set aside for Afforestation 50 , 40 and Reforestation purposes. This included areas found in Balaring, 28 hectares;

75 Cabugao, 10 hectares; Agustin Navarra, 25 hectares; Cudian, 7 hectares; Basiao, 10

75 hectares and Matnog, 10 hectares. 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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Section 27. Ban on mangrove conversion 50

All existing mangrove areas within the jurisdiction of Ivisan shall not be converted for 50 any purposes. The provisions in RA 8550 shall be observed concerning mangroves and 100 shall be adopted by Ivisan LGU. Mangrove areas covered by existing permit (e.g. FLA) 100 100 but are now either abandoned or undeveloped shall be reported to BFAR for cancella- 100

tion and turned over to DENR for reversion and restoration back to mangroves. 100

Section 28. Regulation of activities within mangrove areas 100 100

The following activities that are considered not stressful and not a threat to existing 100

mangrove stands shall be allowed in the mangroves areas: 75 , 66 75 , 66 • Aqua silviculture operation on planted, matured and over matured mangroves by 75

the CBFMA holders 75

• Collection of wildlings for plantation purposes (with proper permit from the con- 50 , 40

cerned agency) 50 , 40 50 • Scientific research and educational activities with permit from the LGU asen- dorsed by the DENR 50 100 • Trimming and pruning shall be allowed when necessary 100

Restricted activities in the mangrove consist of: 100 100

• Cutting and uprooting of mangroves in all areas 100

• Conversion and disposition of mangroves for other purposes 100 • All other prohibitions as stated in PD 705 (otherwise known as the Philippine For- 100 100 estry Law) C M 50 • Charcoal making and gathering for firewood 50 50 Y

Section 29. Promotion of community based mangrove rehabilitation K 50 Local communities, particularly traditional mangrove users have a strong role to play in mangrove rehabilitation and management. By organizing themselves into a Peoples 50 , 40 50 , 40 Organization (PO) they can apply for CBFMA with the DENR and become stewards of 50 mangrove areas in their locality for a period of 25 years. 50 100

Article VIII. Seagrass management 100 100

The coordinates of seagrass beds found in some parts of Balaring, Basiao and the vi- 100 cinities of Malakha islet shall be established by the office of the MPDC for reference. 100 100

Section 30. Regulation of activities in seagrass areas 100 100

The following restrictions in seagrass areas shall be observed: 50

• Uprooting and collection of seagrasses in all areas 50 • Conversion and disposition of seagrass areas for other purposes 100 , • Use for navigation particularly in areas with thick seagrass growth 100 ,

Scientific research and educational activities may be allowed (with proper permits) in 50 , 40 50 , 40 the seagrass areas. 50 50

Article IX. Waste management 100 100

Section 31. Regulation of waste management activities 100

The following policies on waste management shall be observed in the coastal barangays 100 of Ivisan: 100 100

• Municipal Ordinance No. 14 Series of 1996 on anti-littering 100

• R.A. 9003 National Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 214 Appendix 9 100 100 100 • Municipal Ordinance No. 001 Series of 1996 prohibiting the dumping, throwing of 100

100 waste or any garbage and construction of illegal structures in the rivers of Ivisan

100 • Municipal Ordinance No. 4 Series of 2011 otherwise known as the Municipal Com-

100 prehensive and Integrated Solid Waste Management Ordinance

50 Section 32. Implementation of the waste management plan 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 A Municipal Waste Management Plan (covering the period 2005-2015) which was for-

100 , mulated by Ivisan LGU through the Solid Waste Management Board and Committees

100 , under its jurisdiction shall see to its strict implementation.

100 , Waste segregation shall be practiced in all the barangays. 100 ,

100 In order to enhance public awareness, the LGU Ivisan shall play the “Basura” jingle

100 regularly, post the Municipal Ordinance No.14 Series of 1996 and RA 9003 on waste

100 disposal and segregation in strategic places within the municipality and establish

100 schedules for pick-up of segregated residual wastes for all barangays only. 100

100 The municipality of Ivisan has designated Mianay as the municipal eco-park.

100 Section 33. The role of the Barangay in waste management 100

50 Each barangay shall manage their own waste based on RA 9003 through the leadership 50

50 , 40 of the Barangay Council and the Solid Waste Management Committee. 50 , 40 The barangays shall be responsible for providing a Material Recovery Facility which 100 , will serve as temporary collection area for residual waste and further segregation, com- 100 ,

K posting center and eco-garden. Y 50

50 Article X. Sale of fishery products 100 M C 100 The MFMU shall issue an auxiliary invoice to fish and fishery products transported

100 from Ivisan to any other point of destination. Provided, that fish and other fishery 100 products are caught in accordance with the law and are declared healthy for human 100 consumption. Illegally caught fish and fishery products shall not be issued auxiliary 100 invoice and shall be confiscated and disposed of properly. 100

100 The basis for paying of auxiliary invoice is the amended Municipal Ordinance No. 97- 50 003. 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 Article XI. Fishery licenses and permits

50 Section 34. Issuance of fishery license and permit 50

50 All persons, cooperatives, firms or corporations who are listed in the Municipal Reg-

50 istry of Ivisan shall be issued Fishery License and Permit by the LCE upon payment

100 of the prescribed fee prior to engaging in any fishing or fisheries related activity in the 100 municipality. 100

100 Fishery license and permit that are not transferrable even to immediate family member

100 or inheritor within the same household. The holders of fishery license and permit shall 100 comply with all policies and regulations governing fishing and other fishery related ac- 100 tivities. The licensee shall likewise assume responsibility for any acts concerning fish- 100 eries. In case of loss of license or permit, the holder shall immediately inform proper 50 authorities for replacement with due charges and an affidavit of loss. 50 50 , 40

50 , 40 Section 35. Renewal of fishery licenses and permits

75 Licenses and permit shall be renewed annually. The period when licenses and permits

75 are issued/ renewed shall be on or before the 20th day of January of each calendar year. 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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Section 36. Requirements and procedures for securing license and permit 50

Applicants for Fishery License shall submit the following documents: 50 100

• Duly accomplished application form 100

• Community Residence Certificate (for individuals) or Certificate of Registration/ 100

Accreditation (for organizations, cooperatives, firms or corporations) 100 • Police clearance 100 • Barangay clearance 100 100 • ECC (when necessary) 100 • Official receipt for payment of application of license 75 , 66

Applicants for Fishery Permit shall submit the following documents: 75 , 66 75

• Fishery License 75

• Duly accomplished application form 50 , 40

• Registration paper (for motorized boats, fisherfolk) 50 , 40 50 • Official receipt of payment for registration • MFARMC endorsement 50 100 • Zoning clearance 100

Applications for licenses and permits shall follow the prescribed procedure of the mu- 100 nicipal government. 100 100

All applications shall be submitted to the MFMU for checking/ validation. The MAO 100 then checks feasibility of the project and endorses application to the MPDC to certify 100 100 site availability referring to the zoning master plan. The project is then assessed by the C M 50 municipal treasurer regarding appropriate payment. After payment has been made, 50 50 the application is signed by the LCE and a license or permit is issued. Y K Section 37. Schedule of Fishery License Fees 50 License to exploit, culture, capture, produce or gather fish and other fishery products in 50 , 40 50 , 40 the municipal waters shall be granted upon payment of fishery license fees at the rate 50 stated hereunder: 50 100

License for Individuals - P 100.00 100

License for fisher cooperatives, organization/ association - P 500.00 100

License for firms or corporations - P 5,000.00 100 100

Section 38. Schedule of Permit Fees (adopted from the Municipal Revenue Code of 2011) 100 Permit fee for specific fishery activity shall be granted to licensed persons, organiza- 100 100

tions, firms or corporation upon payment of fees at the rate stated hereunder: 50

1. Motorized/ non-motorized boats 50 100 , Description Fee 100 ,

a.) Motorized with engine of 10 horse power or less 50.00 50 , 40 50 , 40

b.) Motorized with engine of more than 10 H.P. but less than fifteen (15) H.P. 100.00 50

c.) Motorboats with more than 15 H.p. 200.00 50

d.) non-motorized boats 15.00 100

d.1. Baroto 100 d.2. Bancas with sail 100 Small 15.00 100 100 Big 30.00 100

issuance/re-issuance of certificate of number (renewed every 3 years) 100

4 cylinder 120.00 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 216 Appendix 9 100 100 100

100 3 cylinder 100.00

100 1-2 cylinder 50.00

100 Permit to operate (annual) 100 4 cylinder 120.00 50 3 cylinder 100.00 50

50 , 40 1-2 cylinder 50.00 50 , 40 Motor boat operator’s license (annual) 100 , 4 cylinder 240.00 100 , 3 cylinder 240.00 100 ,

100 , 1-2 cylinder 120.00 inspection fee (every 3 years) 100

100 4 cylinder 120.00

100 3 cylinder 120.00

100 1-2 cylinder 120.00 100 Racing boat (registration) 150.00 100 Motor boat for hire 200.00 100

100 2. Gears used in Fishing 50

50 Kind of Fishing Gear Fee 50 , 40

50 , 40 Panti 500.00

100 , palubog 500.00

100 , panggal 150.00 K Y 50 Bintol 150.00

50 Bobo (Big) 200.00 100 M Bobo (small) 150.00 C 100

100 Sahid 500.00

100 Surambaw 400.00

100 Sikpaw 50.00 100 Labay 200.00 100

100 Anud 800.00

50 Sagiwsiw 200.00 50

50 , 40 Patigbi 100.00

50 , 40 Kayagkag 1,000.00 Timing 500.00 50

50 3. Construction and operation of mussel and oyster farms 50

50 Type of shellfish culture Fee 100 Oyster (talaba) culture 3.00/ sq meter 100

100 Mussel (tahong) culture 3.00/ sq meter 100 4. Construction and operation of arong 100

100 Type of fish capture method Fee 100

100 Arong (deep sea) 750.00

50 Arong (shallow water) 300.00 50 50 , 40 5. Construction and operation of taba 50 , 40 Baklad / Taba (deep sea) 800.00 75

75 Baklad / Taba (along shoreline) 500.00 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 9 217 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

6. Construction and operation of fish cages - 10.00/ sq meter 50

7. Ponds (for fish or prawns or multi-crop) - 50.00/ hectare 50

8. Fish/prawn breeding grounds - 1.00/sq meter 100 st 9. Fishpens - 200/ for 1 20 sq. m. & 100

P10/ sq. m. for succeeding sq meter 100 100 Article XII. Creation and operation of support structures 100 100

Section 39. Fishery Law Enforcement Team (FLET) 100 100 There is hereby created a Fishery Law Enforcement Team for Ivisan based on Ordi- nance 014-S2002 Section 9. 75 , 66 75 , 66 75 The FLET shall be composed of representatives from the PNP, Barangay Council mem- 75 bers from the coastal Barangays, Tanods, deputized Bantay Dagats, patrol boat care- taker, BFARMC chairman or an authorized representative from the coastal barangays 50 , 40 50 , 40 and the MFARMC chairperson or its authorized representative. An Executive Order 50

from the LCE needs to be passed that spells out FLET roles and responsibilities and 50 incentive mechanism among others. 100 100

The FLET shall have an Operational Plan as reference for its seaborne patrol/ surveil- 100

lance operation. 100 100 Section 40. Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Management Council (FARMC) 100

The creation, composition and functionality of the FARMC shall be in accordance with 100 100 the provisions of Fisheries Administrative Order (FAO) 196 and Sections 69, 73 and 74 C M 50 of RA 8550. 50 50 Y

Section 41. Municipal Fisheries Management Unit (MFMU) K 50 The MFMU shall be composed of the MAO, FLET Team Leader, MFARMC Chairper- son. The MFMU shall elect among themselves who shall act as the Team Leader of the 50 , 40 50 , 40 MFMU. The MFMU shall set the date for the regular monthly meeting schedule. A 50 special meeting shall be called for by the MFMU Team Leader when necessary. 50 100

The structure of the MFMU shall be the following: 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 218 Appendix 9 100 100 100 Municipal Fisheries Management Unit shall be under the Office of the Mayor. The Mu- 100

100 nicipal Mayor shall designate from the MFMU the Sanctuary and Reserve Superinten-

100 dent who shall be the lead staff.

100 The MFMU shall execute the following: 50

50 a. acquire detailed/ updated knowledge of the resources, the users and their activi- 50 , 40

50 , 40 ties in the area

100 , b. prepare an annual detailed action-oriented management plan (to include permit- 100 , ting, budget, monitoring, surveillance, enforcement, public contact, maintenance, 100 , human resource development, and other management tasks) 100 ,

100 c. investigate and evaluate the operation of the plan 100 d. supervise the management of the Sanctuary and Reserve to include coordination 100

100 with the community residents, Barangay Councils, fisher organizations, FARMC’s,

100 schools, resort operators, private business, legal claimants of the islets, other de-

100 partment of the municipality, FLET, PNP, Office of the Provincial Agriculturist of

100 Capiz, BFAR, DENR, and other agencies for cooperation and assistance 100

50 Article XIII. Prohibitions and penalties 50 50 , 40 Section 42. Compliance with National Laws 50 , 40

100 , The municipal government shall adopt the provisions and penalties embodied in RA 100 , 8550 (New Fisheries Code), PD 705 (Forestry Law) and RA 7161 (ban on the cutting of K Y 50 mangroves). 50 Section 43. Fishing without Licence and Permit 100 M C 100 Any person caught fishing within the municipal waters of Ivisan without permit and 100 license to fish shall be fined an amount of PhP2,500.00/ person or imprisonment of 100 not exceeding 6 months or upon the discretion of the court or both. 100

100 Section 44. Commercial fishing in the municipal waters 100

100 No commercial fishing vessels shall be allowed to fish within the municipal waters.

50 When caught fishing within municipal waters, a fine of PhP 2,500.00/ person shall

50 be imposed or imprisonment of not exceeding 6 months or upon the discretion of the 50 , 40

50 , 40 court or both. The vessel including fishing accessories used shall be impounded until penalties are fully settled. Fish catch shall be confiscated and be disposed of in accor- 50 dance with law. The boat captain shall be detained at the municipal jail of Ivisan until 50 penalties charged for the crew are fully settled. 50

50 Section 45. Fishing with the use of explosives, noxious or poisonous substances and 100 or Electricity 100

100 The use of dynamite, cyanide, tubli, thiodan, boxer and electricity in fishing shall be

100 considered unlawful and shall be penalized in accordance with the law. 100

100 Section 46. Use of fine meshed nets in fishing

100 Fine meshed net shall be allowed to be used for specific species e.g. hipon/ alamang, 100 bolinao (small when fully mature) the use however shall be limited to season when this 50 species are in abundance (as determined by the MAO). Any person caught using fine 50 50 , 40 meshed net in fishing shall be fined an amount of PhP 2,500.00/ person. Catch and 50 , 40 nets used shall be confiscated. 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 9 219 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

Section 47. Construction of structures on the shore 50

Structures constructed in the beach areas shall follow existing laws on easement. Any 50 person violating such a provision shall be fined an amount of PhP2,500.00 or in accor- 100 dance with existing laws whichever is higher and demolition/ removal of such struc- 100 100 tures which shall be at the expense of the owner. 100

Section 48. Extraction of corals 100 100

Extraction of corals shall not be allowed. Any person caught in the act of extracting cor- 100

als (alive or dead) shall be fined PhP2,500.00 per person or the total value of the corals 100

whichever is higher or a case shall be filed in court. 75 , 66 75 , 66 Section 49. Gathering and sale of threatened, rare and endangered species 75 75 Gathering and sale of threatened, rare and endangered species as declared by DENR, BFAR and Convention of International Treaties on Endangered Species (CITES) shall 50 , 40 50 , 40 be unlawful. Persons caught in the act of gathering and selling of rare, threatened and 50

endangered species shall be fined PhP2,500.00 per person. 50 100 Section 50. Use of active gears and gears destructive to marine habitats 100

Gears classified as active and destructive to marine habitats by BFAR shall not be al- 100 lowed to operate in the municipal waters. Fine imposed shall follow what is stated in 100 100 RA 8550 or fined an amount of PhP 2,500.00 per head whichever is higher plus gear 100

confiscation. 100 100 Section 51. Illegal construction and operation of mussel, oyster, fish cages, taba, arong C M 50 and other similar structures 50 50 Y

It shall be considered unlawful when permits and licenses are not secured prior to K construction and operation of mussel, oyster, fish cages, taba, arong and other similar 50

structures. These structures shall comply with the provisions of the zoning ordinance. 50 , 40 50 , 40

Any person caught violating this provision shall be fined Php 2,500.00 and shall be 50

advised to pull out/ destroy structures. In the incapacity of the owner to self demolish, 50

the LGU shall demolish the structures at the owners expense. 100

Section 52. Gathering and selling of sand, pebbles and other substances 100 100

Quarrying of sand, gravel and other substances in Ivisan are not allowed. If a permit 100 from the PLGU was secured by the applicant, the MLGU still has the right to determine 100 feasibility of the area for quarrying (e.g. highly critical areas, part of a sanctuary/ major 100 habitat, requires an ECC, community consultation needed). Violations of this provision 100 100

are fined PhP2,500.00 under penal provisions of RA 8550. 50

Section 53. Cutting and conversion of mangroves 50 Provisions under PD 705 (Forestry Law) shall be observed on concerns related to man- 100 , groves (e.g. cutting and conversion of mangroves). Prohibitions and penalties under 100 , 50 , 40 PD 705 shall likewise be observed. Penalty of PhP2,500.00/ person is charged for vio- 50 , 40 lating this provision or the penal provisions under PD 705 whichever is higher shall be 50 imposed. 50 100

Section 54. Fishing during closed season 100 100 It shall be unlawful at all times during closed season (Nov-March of each year) estab- 100

lished herein for any person to engage in the fishing operation within Ivisan Municipal 100

Waters with the use of any fishing gears using fishnets. Except for (1) scientific projects, 100

studies with the approval of the Bureau of Fisheries and aquatic Resources; (2) suste- 100

nance fisherman using handlines, cover pot (panggal) fish pot (bubo), pole and line, 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 220 Appendix 9 100 100 100 multiple hand-lines (bira-bira), long-line (palagree) cast net (laya), sikpaw, patigbi, 100

100 crab-lift net, patuloy and fishing gears to catch bangus and sugpo fry. Violators of this

100 provision shall be fined PhP2,500.00/ person under penal provisions of RA 8550.

100 Section 55. Commercial vessel intrusion in municipal waters 50

50 Commercial vessels are not allowed within the 15 kilometers municipal water. Viola- 50 , 40

50 , 40 tions of this provision shall be subject to the penal provisions of RA 8550 or fine of PhP

100 , 2,500/ person. 100 , Section 56. Fishing and other activities inside the marine sanctuaries 100 ,

100 , a. Fishing within the sanctuary or recreation zones. It shall be unlawful for any per-

100 son whether or not possessing a valid fishing license, to engage in fishing within

100 the sanctuary and recreation zone. A person who violates this provision shall be

100 liable for a fine in the amount of two thousand five hundred pesos (P2,500.00) or

100 imprisonment for six months.

100 b. Use of unauthorized gear within the reserve zone. It shall be unlawful for any 100 person whether or not possessing a valid license, to fish with the use of gears other 100 than hook and line button-set gillnet and gleaning within the reserve zone. A per- 100 son who violates the provisions shall be liable for a fine in the amount of two thou- 50

50 sand five hundred pesos (P2,500.00) or imprisonment for six months. 50 , 40 c. Fishing other the gleaning within the gleaning zone. It shall be unlawful for any 50 , 40 person whether or not possessing a valid license, to fish other than glean within 100 , the gleaning zone. A person who violates the provisions shall be liable for a fine in 100 ,

K the amount of two thousand five hundred pesos (P2,500.00) or imprisonment for Y 50 six months. 50 d. Designation of buoys, signs and markers. It shall be unlawful for any person to 100 M

C steal, cut or destroy the buoys, signs and markers of the Ivisan Fish Sanctuary 100 and Reserve. A person who violates the provisions shall be liable for a fine in the 100

100 amount of two thousand five hundred pesos (P2,500.00) or imprisonment for six

100 months.

100 e. Gathering or collecting of fishery resources within the sanctuary and recreation

100 zones. It shall be unlawful for any person whether or not possessing a valid fish- 100 ing license to gather or collect fishery resources like corals, shell and other marine

50 products within the sanctuary and recreational zone. A person who violates the 50

50 , 40 provisions shall be liable for a fine in the amount of two thousand five hundred

50 , 40 pesos (P2,500.00) or imprisonment for six months.

50 Section 57. Waste mismanagement 50

50 All households in the coastal areas shall have toilet facilities with septic tanks. Pig-

50 geries shall be constructed outside of the easements provided by law. All barangays

100 shall comply with RA 9003. Violations of this provision shall be fined an amount of 100 PhP2,500.00/ person. 100 100 Article XIV. General Provisions 100

100 Section 58. Persons/ groups authorized to enforce this ordinance 100

100 The PNP, Barangay Council, Tanods, FLET, MAO, MFMU and Officers of the MLGU

50 shall be tasked to enforce this ordinance. 50

50 , 40 Section 59. Mandatory review 50 , 40 The SB with the MFARMC shall be responsible for conducting the mandatory review of 75 the Municipal Fisheries Code after 5 years. 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 9 221 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40 Article Topic XV. Transitory Provisions 50

The mariculture projects that are existing / operational prior to the passage of this 50 ordinance shall comply with the approved Municipal Fisheries Code. A grace period of 100 100

100 days shall be given to the operator until such time that structures are transferred 100 (at the owners expense) to its new location (as certified by the MPDC). 100 100

Article XVI. Final Provisions 100 100 Section 60. Allocation 100

An allocation to be determined by the SB shall be provided for the first year of the 75 , 66 75 , 66

implementation of the Municipal Fisheries Code. 75

Section 61. Repealing clause 75

Any existing ordinances enacted by the SB that are inconsistent with the provision of 50 , 40 50 , 40 this Municipal Fisheries Code shall be deemed repealed or amended accordingly. 50 50

Section 62. Separability clause 100

If, for any reason or reasons, any part or provisions of this Code shall be held unconsti- 100 tutional or otherwise invalid, other parts or provisions thereof which are not affected 100 thereby shall continue to be in full force and effect. 100 100

Section 63. Effectivity clause 100 100 100

This Code shall take effect 15 days after a copy hereof has been posted in a bulletin C M board at the entrance of and in at least two (2) conspicuous places of the Ivisan Munici- 50

pal Hall and publication in a local newspaper of general circulation in the municipality. 50 50 Y K 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 222 Appendix 10 100 100 100 Appendix 10. Village policies Pedada 100 100

100 Republic of the Philippines

100 Province of Iloilo

50 Municipality of Ajuy 50

50 , 40 Barangay Pedada 50 , 40 100 ,

100 , BArAnGAy orDinAncE no. 1 Series of 2011 100 , 100 , Sponsored by: Kagawad Ben Palmejar 100 100 Section 1. Title. This Ordinance shall be known as “An Ordinance declaring open and 100

100 closed seasons in fishing and shell gleaning at designated Zones in Barangay Pedada,

100 Ajuy.”

100 Section 2. Location and coverage. Barangay Pedada has an estimated 29 hectares of man- 100 groves with open spaces where catching fish and gleaning of shells are allowed. 100

50 Section 3. Management and supervision. Barangay Pedada Fisherfolk Association (BPFA) 50

50 , 40 has applied for Community Based Forest Management Agreement (CBFMA), a tenurial instrument

50 , 40 which gives BPFA the right to manage and protect the mangroves of Pedada in 25 years period. 100 , Residents from the adjacent Barangay of Luca will be allowed to fish and glean in Pedada. 100 ,

K Each zone will be delineated using GPS and proper signage will be installed for public information. Y 50

50 Section 4. Zones within the mangroves of Pedada 100 M C 100 Zone 1 – Dingle: Within the boundaries of Luca, Pedada and Bay-ang.

100 Zone 2 – Boundary of Vocal’s property until the boat docking area near Chiquito 100 compound 100 Zone 3 – Boundary from Chiquito compound until the Tipolo boat docking area 100 Zone 4 – Tipolo boat docking area until the property of Edwin del Carmen 100

100 Section 5. Closed and open season periods that needs to be observed per zone 50

50 Zone 1 and 3 – Closed January to March 50 , 40 Open April to June 50 , 40 Closed July to September

50 Open October to December 50

50 Zone 2 and 4 – Open January to March

50 Closed April to June

100 Open July to September 100 Closed October to December 100

100 Section 6. Activities allowed and not allowed 100

100 a. Open season.

100 I. Regulated shell gleaning shall be allowed (e.g. for crab catching/ gathering using bintol is al-

100 lowed but not digging of crab holes)

50 II. Catching of fish/ shell fish using “Pahubas” shall be allowed provided that the mesh size of the

50 net is 3 cm 50 , 40

50 , 40 b. Closed season.

75 I. No activity is allowed 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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Section 7. Objectives of declaring open and closed seasons 50

a. To allow crabs and shells to grow big and reproduce in volume 50 b. To allow fingerlings a sanctuary area where they are not disturbed 100 100

c. To make fishing and shell gleaning more sustainable 100

Section 8. Penalties and sanctions 100 100

For violation of any provision of this Ordinance, the following penalties shall be meted upon the of- 100

fender, payable at the Barangay Treasurer’s Office: 100 100 a. First offense. A penalty of P100.00 shall be charged and violators shall be obliged to plant 20 mangrove seedlings 75 , 66 75 , 66 b. Second offense of the same person. Penalty shall be increased to P200.00 and the violator is 75

obliged to return caught shells, crabs and fishes in the zones where these were taken or if already 75

sold the violator has to turn over the sales to BPFA 50 , 40 50 , 40 SECTION 9. Repealing clause. Ordinances, rules and regulations in conflict with this Ordi- 50

nance, in whole or in part, are hereby repealed or amended accordingly. 50 100 SECTION 10. Separability clause. If for any reason any part or provision of this Ordinance 100

shall be held unconstitutional or invalid, the other parts or provision hereof which are not affected 100

thereby shall continue and remain to be in full force and effect. 100 100 SECTION 11. Effectivity. This Ordinance shall take effect thirty (30) days after approval and 100

subject to the following: 100 100 a. Public Hearing or consultation with the residents/ fisherfolk of Brgy. Pedada. C M 50 b. Publication in a newspaper of general circulation in the Municipality of Ajuy, Iloilo, wherever 50 50 available. Y K

c. Posting copies of this Ordinance in three (3) conspicuous places in the Poblacion/ Barangay. 50 d. Posting copies of this Ordinance in the other Barangays of this Municipality. 50 , 40 50 , 40

APPROVED AND ENACTED, November 19, 2011. 50

Punong Barangay Alberto D. Babiera Sr. 50 Kgd. Imelda B. Londres 100 Kgd. Virgilio B.Balasote 100 100 Kgd. Ben C.Palmejar 100

Kgd. Danny B.Rotor 100

Kgd. Rolando C.Velasco Jr. 100

Kgd. Luzanta B.Bordago 100

Kgd. Edgar B.Balasote 100 SK Chairperson Myhra Sheery D.Babiera 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 224 Appendix 10 100 100 100 Republic of the Philippines 100

100 Province of Iloilo

100 Municipality of Ajuy

100 Barangay Pedada 50 50

50 , 40 BArAnGAy orDinAncE no. 2

50 , 40 Series of 2011 100 ,

100 , Sponsored by: Kagawad Edgar Balasote 100 ,

100 , Section 1. Title. This Ordinance shall be known as “An ordinance declaring Barangay Pedada as Bird and Wildlife Sanctuary.” 100

100 Section 2. Location and coverage. The ordinance will cover the whole land area of Barangay 100 Pedada which measures 269.04 hectares. 100

100 Section 3. Objectives. The following are the reasons why Barangay Pedada needs to be declared 100 as Bird and Wildlife sanctuary: 100

100 a. To provide areas where migratory birds cannot be disturbed

50 b. To increase biodiversity and population of birds and wildlife

50 c. To allow birds to serve as natural courier of seeds 50 , 40

50 , 40 d. To protect and conserve birds and wildlife population in Pedada

100 , e. To stop hunting of birds and wildlife

100 , Section 4. Observed birds and wildlife in Pedada K Y 50

50 Birds Maya bungol Tulabong dicol Talimbabatang 100 M Maya costa Kurit Tamsi dagit C 100 Maya capra Kurokok pingganpinggan Tikling

100 Kiwkiw Mantarorok Maya pula Lapayan

100 pitaw Galansiyang punay Ombok

100 Tukmo Bangbangon Uwak Kabog 100 reptiles Magkal Tuko Tiki Tangkig 100 Maninina Halo Tambilihan 100 Man og sa balay Bao ibid

50 Cobra 50

50 , 40 Burakan

50 , 40 Insects Buyog Subay pala Putyukan Hamtik 50

50 Fish Tambasakan 50

50 Section 5. Information and awareness raising. Signages bearing pictures and descriptions of 100 birds and wildlife species that are prohibited from catching, gathering, hunting and selling shall be 100 posted in strategic places in Barangay Pedada for public awareness. 100

100 The DENR, MLGU Ajuy and other NGOs shall be encouraged to conduct Information, Education 100 and Communication (IEC) campaign in Pedada and other coastal barangays. 100

100 A big billboard stating the name and the title of the ordinance declaring Pedada as Bird and Wildlife

100 sanctuary shall be posted at the entrance of Barangay Pedada. 50

50 Section 6. Violations. Hunting, gathering, catching and selling of any birds and wildlife species 50 , 40 in Pedada shall be considered a violation and shall be punishable under Wildlife Act and RA 7160. 50 , 40 SECTION 7. Repealing clause. Ordinances, rules and regulations in conflict with this Ordinance, 75 in whole or in part, are hereby repealed or amended accordingly. 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 10 225 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

SECTION 8. Separability clause. If for any reason any part or provision of this Ordinance shall 50

be held unconstitutional or invalid, the other parts or provision hereof which are not affected there- 50

by shall continue and remain to be in full force and effect. 100

SECTION 9. Effectivity. This Ordinance shall take effect thirty (30) days after approval and sub- 100 100 ject to the following: 100

a. Public Hearing or consultation with the residents/ fisherfolk of Brgy. Pedada. 100 b. Publication in a newspaper of general circulation in the Municipality of Ajuy, Iloilo, wherever 100 100 available. 100 c. Posting copies of this Ordinance in three (3) conspicuous places in the Poblacion/ Barangay. d. Posting copies of this Ordinance in the other Barangays of this Municipality. 75 , 66 75 , 66 75 APPROVED AND ENACTED, November 19, 2011. 75

Punong Barangay Alberto D. Babiera Sr. 50 , 40

Kgd. Imelda B. Londres 50 , 40 50 Kgd. Virgilio B.Balasote Kgd. Ben C.Palmejar 50 100 Kgd. Danny B.Rotor 100

Kgd. Rolando C.Velasco Jr. 100

Kgd. Luzanta B.Bordago 100

Kgd. Edgar B.Balasote 100

SK Chairperson Myhra Sheery D.Babiera 100 100 100 C M 50 50 50 Y K 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 226 Appendix 10 100 100 100 Republic of the Philippines 100

100 Province of Iloilo

100 Municipality of Ajuy

100 Barangay Pedada 50 50

50 , 40 BArAnGAy orDinAncE no. 3

50 , 40 Series of 2011 100 ,

100 , Sponsored by: Kagawad Virgilio Balasote 100 ,

100 , Section 1. Title. This ordinance shall be known as “An ordinance requiring applicants to plant/ bag 20 mangrove seedlings/ propagules before securing Barangay Clearance 100

100 from Pedada. “

100 Section 2. Location and coverage. All residents of Pedada, Ajuy will be covered by this ordi- 100 nance. Planting/ bagging will be inside the 29 hectares mangrove area of Pedada. 100

100 Section 3. Objectives. The objectives of requiring the planting of mangroves are: 100

100 a. To increase area planted with mangroves

50 b. To enhance understanding of communities on their roles and obligations in protecting and con-

50 serving Pedada mangroves 50 , 40

50 , 40 c. To replace old and dying mangroves with newly planted young seedlings

100 , Section 4. Sanction. Applicants who will not comply with the provision of planting/ bagging 100 , mangroves shall not be issued Barangay clearance/s. K Y 50 SECTION 5. Repealing clause. Ordinances, rules and regulations in conflict with this Ordinance, 50

100 in whole or in part, are hereby repealed or amended accordingly. M C 100 SECTION 6. Separability clause. If for any reason any part or provision of this Ordinance shall 100 be held unconstitutional or invalid, the other parts or provision hereof which are not affected there- 100 by shall continue and remain to be in full force and effect. 100

100 SECTION 7. Effectivity. This Ordinance shall take effect thirty (30) days after approval and sub- 100 ject to the following: 100

50 a. Public Hearing or consultation with the residents/ fisherfolk of Brgy. Pedada. 50

50 , 40 b. Publication in a newspaper of general circulation in the Municipality of Ajuy, Iloilo, wherever

50 , 40 available. c. Posting copies of this Ordinance in three (3) conspicuous places in the Poblacion/ Barangay. 50 d. Posting copies of this Ordinance in the other Barangays of this Municipality. 50

50 APPROVED AND ENACTED, November 19, 2011. 50

100 Punong Barangay Alberto D. Babiera Sr.

100 Kgd. Imelda B. Londres

100 Kgd. Virgilio B.Balasote 100 Kgd. Ben C.Palmejar 100 Kgd. Danny B.Rotor 100 Kgd. Rolando C.Velasco Jr. 100

100 Kgd. Luzanta B.Bordago Kgd. Edgar B.Balasote 50

50 SK Chairperson Myhra Sheery D.Babiera 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

100 PAGE 240 08/2013 ZSL / PRIMAVERA 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 25 25 25 , 19 25 , 19

M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 10 227 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

Republic of the Philippines 50

Province of Iloilo 50

Municipality of Ajuy 100

Barangay Pedada 100 100

Excerpts from the minutes of the Barangay Council session held November 19, 2011 at the Barangay 100 Hall of Pedada, Ajuy. 100 100

Present: Punong Barangay Alberto D. Babiera Sr. 100

Kgd. Imelda B. Londres 100

Kgd. Virgilio B.Balasote 75 , 66

Kgd. Ben C.Palmejar 75 , 66 75 Kgd. Danny B.Rotor 75 Kgd. Rolando C.Velasco Jr. Kgd. Luzanta B.Bordago 50 , 40 50 , 40 Kgd. Edgar B.Balasote 50

SK Chairperson Myhra Sheery D.Babiera 50 100 100

BArAnGAy rESoluTion no. 13 100

Series of 2011 100 100

A RESOLUTION REQUIRING VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS, AGEN- 100 CIES AND NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS TO CONDUCT PROPER STUDIES 100 100 PRIOR TO ANY MANGROVE PLANTING ACTIVITY IN PEDADA, AJUY. C M 50

WHEREAS, Barangay Pedada is actively involved in mangrove planting; 50 50 Y K

WHEREAS, mangroves will serve as habitat for various marine organisms and ensure for a sus- 50 tainable fisheries; 50 , 40 50 , 40

WHEREAS, the people of Barangay Pedada believes that thick mangrove vegetation can serve as 50 protection against storms, big waves and soil erosion; 50

WHEREAS, previous planting activities were observed to have poor survival hence putting time 100 and effort to waste; 100 100

WHEREAS, it was observed that due to inadequate knowledge and technology, poor planting 100 strategy and the lack of a proper study on the soil type where mangrove can grow, poor survival rate 100

on the mangrove planted was experienced; 100 100

NOW, THEREFORE, on motion of Kagawad Danny Rotor, duly seconded by Kagawad Edgar 100 Balasote; 50 50 BE IT RESOLVED AS IT IS HEREBY RESOLVED that proper study shall be required from various organizations, institutions, agencies and non-government organizations prior to any plant- 100 , ing activity in Pedada, Ajuy. 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 RESOLVED FURTHER, to furnish copies of this Resolution to the Sangguiniang Bayan of Ajuy 50

for information and appropriate action. 50 I certify to the correctness of the above-quoted resolution. 100 100

PELSY F. BARBER 100

Barangay Secretary 100 Attested by: 100 HON. ALBERTO D. BABIERA SR. 100 100 Punong Barangay 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 228 Appendix 11 100 100 100 Appendix 11. LGU Leganes Mangrove Ordinance 100 100

100 Republic of the Philippines

100 Province of Iloilo

50 Municipality of Leganes 50

50 , 40 OFFICE OF THE SANGGUNIANG BAYAN 50 , 40 100 ,

100 , EXCERPTS FROM THE MINUTES OF THE REGULAR SESSION OF THE SANGGUNI- ANG BAYAN HELD AT THE SANGGUNIANG BAYAN SESSION HALL ON AUGUST 9, 100 ,

100 , 2011 AT 2:00 O’CLOCK IN THE AFTERNOON.

100 Present:

100 Hon. Jose Romi S. Marañon - Vice Mayor, Pres. Officer

100 Hon. Ronnie J. Landoy - SB Member 100 Hon. Joseph Allen D. Españo - “ ” 100 Hon. Epifania A. Jinon - “ ” 100 Hon. Rene H. Arguelles - “ ” 100

100 Hon. Marites Griño-Quilino - “ ” Hon. Salvador B. Guillergan Jr. - “ ” 50

50 Hon. Adolfo D. Jaen II - “ ” 50 , 40 Hon. Antonio V. Unarce - “ ” 50 , 40 Hon. Yeno Van T. Lego - “ ”, SK Fed. Pres. 100 ,

100 , Absent: K Y 50 Hon. Vicente P. Jaen II - SB Member, Liga Pres. (Official Travel) 50 100 M C 100 orDinAncE no. 2011-227 100

100 AN ORDINANCE DECLARING THE MANGROVE PROTECTED AREAS IN THE MU-

100 NICIPALITY OF LEGANES, ESTABLISHING REGULATIONS FOR THE CONSERVA- 100 TION AND PROTECTION, AND PROVIDING PENALTIES IN VIOLATION THEREOF 100

100 WHEREAS, mangrove forests play a very significant role in the environment; are among the

50 most productive terrestrial ecosystems; and are natural, and renewable resources; 50

50 , 40 WHEREAS, among the numerous importance of mangroves, they protect coastline areas 50 , 40 from erosion, protect coral reefs, sea-grass bed and shipping lanes against siltation, absorb pollut-

50 ants, serve as sanctuary for avifauna, provide opportunities for education, research and ecotourism,

50 and many others; 50 WHEREAS, current global situation made mankind realize that it is very essential to con- 50

100 serve the biodiversity in the mangrove ecosystem; 100 WHEREAS, not merely the people of Leganes must take part in the preservation and protec- 100 tion of mangroves because it is a duty under the law, rather, it is a responsibility of each to give back 100 and yield to nature; 100

100 WHEREAS, under Section 447 of RA 7160, it is within the powers, duties and functions of 100 the Sangguniang Bayan to enact Ordinances which protect the environment and impose appropriate 100 penalties for acts which endanger the environment; 50 50

50 , 40 NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises - 50 , 40 Section 1. This Ordinance shall be known as “AN ORDINANCE DECLARING THE MAN-

75 GROVE PROTECTED AREAS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF LEGANES, ESTABLISHING REGULA- 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 11 229 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

TIONS FOR THE CONSERVATION AND PROTECTION, AND PROVIDING PENALTIES IN VIO- 50

LATION THEREOF” or the “Leganes Mangrove Ordinance” 50 Section 2. Definition of Terms 100 100

Mangrove – trees and shrubs that grow in marine and brackishwater habitats in the intertidal 100

zone. 100 100

“Protected Area” refers to identified portions of land and water set aside by reason of their 100

unique physical and biological significance, Managed to enhance biological diversity and protected 100

against destructive human exploitation; 100

Mangrove Protected Areas – all coastline areas of the Municipality with mangroves, primarily 75 , 66 75 , 66 or secondarily grown. These include: 75

a. all areas of the Punongbanwa located along Barangays Nabitasan and Gua-an 75

b. shoreline of Barangays Napnud, MV Hechanova, Bigke and Camangay 50 , 40

c. all riverbanks within the municipality affected by intertidal zone 50 , 40 50

Preservation – maintain in safety from injury, peril or harm; to keep in unaltered condition; 50

maintain unchanged 100 100

Grazing – feed an animal in pastures 100

Section 3. Mangrove Protected Areas 100 100

All coastline areas of the Municipality with mangroves, primarily or secondarily grown, shall 100 be declared Mangrove Protected Areas. These include: 100 100 a. all areas of the Punongbanwa located along Barangays Nabitasan and Gua-an. C M 50 b. shoreline of Brgys. Napnud, MV Hechanova, Bigke and Camangay 50 50 c. all riverbanks within the municipality affected by intertidal zone Y K Section 4. Regulatory Provisions 50 I. The following acts which destroy or tend to destroy Mangrove Protected areas shall be un- 50 , 40 50 , 40 lawful: 50 a. uprooting, cutting and/or trimming of mangroves, except those recommended by the 50 Mangrove Task Force and approved by the Local Chief Executive 100 b. utilize mangrove areas for grazing animals 100 100 c. throwing of garbage of any form 100

d. use the areas for destructive fishing to the detriment of mangrove protected areas 100

e. excavation, dredging or backfilling for any purpose 100

f. flooding, draining and other alterations of water flow that will damage the mangroves. 100 100

II. The following activities judiciously done, preserving at all times the mangrove protected 50

areas may be allowed: 50 a. gathering of worms as fish bait b. shell gleaning 100 , c. gathering of mud crab 100 , 50 , 40 d. gathering of mangrove seedlings 50 , 40 50

Section 5. Non-Conversion of Mangrove Areas 50 Mangrove Protected Areas shall not be converted into fishing grounds or for any other pur- 100 100

pose, except thru the recommendation of the Mangrove Task Force and approved by the Sangguni- 100 ang Bayan, thru an Ordinance. 100

Section 6. Mangrove Protection Task Force and its Functions 100 100

A Mangrove Protection Task Force shall be created by virtue of this Ordinance, the members 100

to be appointed by the Municipal Mayor 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 230 Appendix 11 100 100 100 Chairman : Municipal Agriculturist or Environment Officer 100

100 Vice Chairman : Representative from the Office of Municipal Mayor

100 Members : SB Chair, Committee on Environment and Natural Resources

100 SK Federation representative

50 LIGA representative

50 NGO Representative (ZSL) 50 , 40

50 , 40 MPDO or his representative

100 , PNP representative

100 , District Supervisor or his representative

100 , The following are the functions of the Task Force: 100 , a. design and spearhead programs, projects and activities geared towards the preservation, 100 protection and enhancement of the mangrove areas of the municipality 100 b. conduct continuous studies and research on how to improve current practices preserving 100 and protecting mangroves, likewise, on its expansion to afford maximum protection 100 c. encourage volunteers to help enhance the mangrove protection programs 100

100 d. shall monitor violators, make summary report and recommendation for the imposition of

100 proper sanctions

100 e. Recommend to Sangguniang Bayan applicable regulations pertaining thereto

50 f. Performs such other functions as maybe delegated by the Local Chief Executive. 50 50 , 40 Section 7. Recognition and Support 50 , 40

100 , Due recognition and technical support shall be provided to individuals, groups or organiza-

100 , tions which markedly endeavor in the preservation, protection and enhancement of mangrove pro- K tected areas. Y 50

50 Section 8. Penal Provisions 100 M C 100 Violations of Section 4 of this Ordinance shall be penalized as follows: 100

100 First Offense — community service, specifically planting and growing of mangroves equiva-

100 lent to the number destructed plus 50 mangroves to be Planted 100 Second Offense — community service, specifically planting and growing of mangroves twice 100

100 the number destructed plus 100 mangroves to be planted

50 Third Offense — community service, specifically planting and growing of mangroves thrice 50

50 , 40 the number destructed plus 150 mangroves to be planted and a fine of Php 2,000 and/or imprison-

50 , 40 ment of not more than one (1) month as maybe determined by the Court.

50 The seedlings that will be used in the aforementioned mangrove re-planting and growing 50 shall be provided by the Municipal Agriculture Office. 50

50 Section 9. Repealing Clause 100

100 Any Ordinance prior approved which is inconsistent with this Ordinance, is/are hereby re-

100 pealed or modified accordingly. 100 Section 10. Separability Clause 100

100 If any portion or provision of this Ordinance is declared unconstitutional or invalid, the other 100 portions or provisions hereof, which are not affected thereby, shall continue in full force and effect. 100

50 Section 11 Effectivity Clause 50

50 , 40 The Ordinance shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its publication. 50 , 40 RESOLVED FURTHER to furnish copies of this ordinance to the Office of the Department 75 of Agriculture for their information and guidance. 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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th 50 , 40 ENACTED this 9 day of August, 2011 on motion of Hon. Epifania A. Jinon and duly sec- 50

onded by Hon. Rene H. Arguelles. 50 I HEREBY CERTIFY to the correctness of the foregoing ordinance. 100 100 100 100

EVA G. TABANDA 100

Secretary to the Sangguniang Bayan 100 100 WITH MY CONCURRENCE: 100 75 , 66 75 , 66 JOSE ROMI S. MARAÑON 75

Vice Mayor 75

Presiding Officer 50 , 40 50 , 40 50

A P P R O V E D : 50 100 100 100

ENRIQUE M. ROJAS 100

Municipal Mayor 100 100 100 100 C M 50 50 50 Y K 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 , 100 , 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 232 Appendix 12 100 100 100 Appendix 12: LGU Ibajay mangrove ordinance 100

100 Republic of the Philippines 100 Province of Aklan 100 Municipality of Ibajay 50

50 Office of the Sangguniang Bayan 50 , 40 50 , 40 EXCERPT FROM THE MINUTES OF THE 19th REGULAR SESSION FOR CY 2009 OF THE SANG- 100 ,

100 , GUNIANG BAYAN (2007 –2010) OF IBAJAY, AKLAN HELD AT THE SANGGUNIANG BAYAN

100 , SESSION HALL ON MAY 20, 2009.

100 , PRESENT:

100 Hon. Nelson D. Santamaria Vice Mayor, Presiding Officer 100 Hon. Mabini M. Ascaño Sangguniang Bayan Member 100 Hon. Ariel M. Alag “ 100 Hon. Salvador S. Maagma “ 100 Hon. Victor Manuel M. Garcia “ 100 Hon. Beldad S. Tabañar “ 100

100 Hon. Ainor D. Orencio “

50 Hon. Tadeo M. Belinario “ 50

50 , 40 ABSENT: 50 , 40 Hon. Plaridel M. Solidum (On Official Travel) Sangguniang Bayan Member

100 , Hon. Elmer F. Colangoy Liga Pres., SB Member (Ex-Officio) 100 , Hon. Ma. Mae S. Senatin SK Fed. Pres., SB Member (Ex-Officio) K Y 50

50 x ------x ------x 100 M C 100 100

100 ORDINANCE NO. 092

100 SERIES OF 2009 100 “AN ORDINANCE DECLARING AND ESTABLISHING THE FORTY FOUR AND 22/100 (44.22) 100

100 HECTARES OF MANGROVES IN BARANGAYS BUGTONGBATO AND NAISUD, THIS MUNICI- PALITY, AS MANGROVE ECO-TOURISM PARK, AND PRESCRIBING RULES, REGULATIONS 50

50 AND PROHIBITIONS AND PENALTIES THEREFFOR. 50 , 40

50 , 40 Sponsored by Hon. Plaridel M. Solidum

50 “BE IT HEREBY ORDAINED by the Sangguniang Bayan of Ibajay, Aklan, in session duly as- 50 sembled that: 50

50 “SECTION 1. Title. This Ordinance shall be known as the “Bugtongbato – Naisud Mangrove 100 Eco – Tourism Park Ordinance”. 100

100 “SECTION 2. Definition of Terms. As used in this Ordinance, these terms shall mean as 100 follows: 100

100 Aquaculture – fishery operations involving all forms of raising and culturing fish and other 100 fishery species in fresh, brackish and marine water areas. 100

50 Aquatic pollution – the introduction by human or machine, directly or indirectly of substance

50 or energy to the aquatic environment which result or is likely to result in such deleterious effects as 50 , 40

50 , 40 to harm living and non-living aquatic resources, pose potential and/or real hazard to human health, hindrance to aquatic activities such as fishing and navigation, including dumping/disposal of wastes 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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M C 25 , 19 25 , 19 Appendix 12 233 25 25 50 , 40 50 , 40

and other noxious or harmful liquid, gaseous or solid substance, from any water, land or air trans- 50

port or other human-made structure. 50 FARMC – the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Councils. 100 100

Fisher folk – people directly or personally and physically engaged in taking and/or culturing 100

and processing fishery and/or aquatic resources. 100 100

Fishing – the taking of fish and toher fishery resources from their wild state or habitat, with 100

or without the use of fishing vessels. 100 100 Mangrove – an ecosystem of trees or shrubs that have the common trait of growing in shallow and muddy salt water or brackish waters, especially along quiet shorelines and in estuaries. 75 , 66 75 , 66 75 TWG KII – Technical Working Group Katunggan it Ibajay. 75

“SECTION 3. Location and Coverage. 50 , 40 50 , 40 a. The Bugtongbato – Naisud Mangrove Eco - Tourism Park is a mangrove area consisting 50 of a total of Forty Four and 22/100 Hectares (44.22 has.) situated in Barangays Bug- 50 tongbato and Naisud, generally classified as Timberland and covering Lot Nos. 3619 and 100 3207, this Municipality. 100 100

b. The Bugtongbato – Naisud Mangrove Eco - Tourism Park is bounded and delineated by 100 the coordinates as stated in the technical description, and depicted in the sketch plan and 100 vicinity map hereto attached as Annex “A” of this Ordinance. 100 100 100 c. Concrete monuments or markers shall be installed to mark the perimeter of the eco- C M tourism park. 50 50 50 d. Billboards which contain relevant information, map, directions, signages, area, etc., shall Y K

also be erected in prominent places. 50

“SECTION 4. Management, Administration and Control. The Bugtongbato – Naisud 50 , 40 50 , 40 Mangrove Eco – Tourism Park shall be under the supervision of the Municipal Government of 50 Ibajay, Aklan through the Barangay Councils of Bugtongbato and Naisud. The Technical Working 50 Group (TWG) of Katunggan it Ibajay (KII) that the LGU of Ibajay created shall evolve into the Man- 100 grove Eco - Tourism Board (METB) and will be delegated with responsibilities of supervision and 100 100 monitoring activities in the Mangrove Eco – Tourism Park. The METB shall create four committees: 100

Protection Committee, Monitoring and Evaluation Committee, Training and Management Commit- 100

tee, and Livelihoods Committee. The METB shall report to the Office of the Municipal Mayor. 100 A Project Management Committee (PMC) will be formed on site to directly manage and op- 100 100

erate the Mangrove Eco - Tourism Park. The PMC shall be composed of representatives from Bug- 50

tongbato Fisherfolk Association (BFA), and Naisud Mangrove Aquatic Organization (NAMAO). The 50 PMC reports directly to the METB. 100 ,

Monthly meetings shall be conducted separately by the METB and the PMC. The METB shall 100 ,

require the PMC Chairperson to attend the meeting and report the progress of the project. 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 “SECTION 5. Membership. The members of the Mangrove Eco - Tourism Board (METB) 50

shall be as follows: 100

Chairperson : Municipal Vice Mayor 100 Members : Chairpersons of the Sangguniang Bayan Committees on: 100 100

Tourism, Agriculture, and Environments 100 Municipal Planning & Development Coordinator 100

Municipal Agricultural Officer 100

Chairperson, Ibajay Tourism Council 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 234 Appendix 12 100 100 100 Chairperson, Municipal Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management 100

100 Council (MFARMC)

100 Cultural Affairs Officer, or equivalent

100 Punong Barangay, Bugtongbato

50 Punong Barangay, Naisud

50 Representative, Aklan State University, Ibajay Campus 50 , 40

50 , 40 Secretariat : Municipal Tourism Officer, or equivalent

100 , The PMC shall be composed of eleven (11) members coming from the Bugtongbato Fisher- 100 , folks Association (BFA) and Naisud Mangrove and Aquatic Association (NAMAO), both accredited 100 , people’s organizations in the locality. 100 ,

100 “SECTION 6. Officers. The Mangrove Eco - Tourism Board (METB) shall elect a Chairper- 100 son and a Secretary. Four (4) committee chairpersons will be elected within the METB. The Com- 100 mittee Chairpersons shall choose two members each from among the members of the METB. 100

100 The PMC shall also elect a Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson, Secretary, Treasurer, and Book-

100 keeper. The Auditors of both the BFA and NAMAO shall conduct an audit on the financial status of

100 the mangrove project managed by the PMC. 100

50 “SECTION 7. Functions. The METB shall have the following functions: 50 50 , 40 e. Formulate policies and guidelines on the management, protection and utilization of man- 50 , 40 groves; 100 ,

100 , f. Monitoring and evaluation of the eco-park project;

K g. Supervision of the People’s Organization (PO) in eco-park management; Y 50

50 h. Approves the annual work plan of the PMC; and 100 M C

100 i. Provide the over-all direction and coordination of activities in the mangroves of Bugtong-

100 bato and Naisud.

100 The Committees within the METB shall function as follows: 100

100 j. Protection Committee – formulation of policy enforcement plan; coordination with law

100 enforcement groups/bodies; policy recommendation. 100 k. Monitoring and Evaluation Committee – assessment of projects viability; conduct of 50 regular observations of the bio-physical and socio-economic results and changes brought 50

50 , 40 about by the operation of the mangrove eco-tourism park. 50 , 40 l. Training and Management Committee – plan for the rehabilitation and reforestation ac-

50 tivities; monitor health and growth of mangroves; IEC. 50 m. Livelihoods Committee – management/systems installation of the eco-park; identify and 50 access funds for IGPs; fund sourcing; coordinate with the PMC regarding construction of 50 infrastructure facilities; promotion and marketing. 100

100 The PMC shall function as follows: 100

100 n. Directly manages the mangroves, and supervise the activities in the Bugtongbato and

100 Naisud Mangroves, including the management of the Eco-Tourism Park; 100 o. Prepares and implements the annual work plan; 100

100 p. Keeps record of activities including logbook of visitors/guests to the park;

50 q. Reports to the METB the status of the project, finances, policy enforcement, among oth-

50 ers. 50 , 40 50 , 40 “SECTION 8. Organizational Structure. The Bugtongbato – Naisud Mangrove Eco -

75 Tourism Park shall generally function through this structure: 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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Municipal Mayor 50 Protection Committee 100 100 100 Monitoring and Evaluation Committee 100 100

METB 100

Training and Management 100

Committee 100 75 , 66 75 , 66 Livelihoods Committee 75

pMC 75 50 , 40 50 , 40 50

nAMAO BFA 50 100 100 100 100

“SECTION 9. Zones within the Eco-Park. The following acts shall be the designated zones 100

within the Eco-park: 100 100

r. Strict Protection Zone. This is the area where the century-old trees grow. No human 100 C M activities (shellfish and crustacean gathering, cutting, firewood gathering, wildlife bird 50

hunting) allowed except for research/educational study and sight-seeing. 50 50 Y K

s. Multiple-use Zone. 50

1. Nipa Production and Utilization Zone. The area for Nipa production and utilization 50 , 40

and limited to the existing planted area. Value-adding of nipa products for livelihood 50 , 40 50 shall be allowed or provided to prevent further expansion of Nipa plantation. Conver- 50

sion of areas planted to true managrove species to nipa plantation is prohibited. 100

2. Eco-Park Zone. The area with established infrastructures within the mangrove area in 100 support of eco-tourism activities. 100 100

3. Reforestation/Rehabilitation Zone. Area delineated for enrichment planting or man- 100

groves. 100 100

4. Fish Production Zone. Creeks, water tributaries within the mangrove area that can be 100 utilized for small scale fishing using temporary small-scale catching structures that do 50 not obstruct waterways, aquaculture, shell gleaning, catching of crustaceans as long 50

as this activities do not harm the mangroves. No expansion of fish production zones 100 ,

shall be allowed. 100 , 50 , 40

“SECTION 10. Prohibitions. The following acts shall be punishable under this Ordinance: 50 , 40 50

a. Cutting of mangroves, gathering for firewood, use of mangroves for housing/ construc- 50

tion material, uprooting/looting of mangrove plants 100

b. Fishing activity, gathering or collection of any fishery resource within the strict protec- 100 tion zone 100 100

c. Bringing of alcoholic beverages and drinking within the eco-park 100

d. Littering/throwing of garbage waste 100 100 e. Destroying/vandalism of billboards, signages and other infrastructure facilities 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 236 Appendix 12 100 100 100 f. Gambling 100

100 g. Bringing of deadly weapons

100 h. Hunting of wild fauna 100 i. Theft or removal of any material/equipment 50

50 j. Any other activities that may harm/destroy the mangroves 50 , 40 50 , 40 “SECTION 11. Exemptions. The following acts shall be exempted from punishment: 100 ,

100 , a. Research and educational studies

100 , b. Sight-seeing, picture-taking 100 , c. Small-scale fishing, mariculture activities 100

100 d. Boating

100 e. Use of nipa for livelihood 100 f. Any other activity with prior consent from the METB 100

100 “SECTION 12. Funds. The amount of Thirty Thousand Pesos (P30,000.00) is hereby ap- 100 propriated for the purpose of the immediate implementation of this Ordinance. Thereafter, the ap- 100 propriation for implementing this Ordinance shall be a regular item in the annual appropriations of 50

50 the Municipality. Entrance fees collected shall be used for operation and maintenance; the amount 50 , 40 of which shall be decided by the METB and the PMC. 50 , 40

100 , The Municipal Government of Ibajay, shall appropriate funds for the construction of infra- 100 , structure facilities in the Eco-park, including but not limited to foot walk, resting areas, entrance, K Y

50 eco-sanitary toilets, electrical and water service facilities. Other organizations who may wish to con-

50 tribute to the development of the Eco-park are welcome. The LGU, through the METB, shall be duly 100 M informed of such contribution. C 100

100 “SECTION 13. Enforcement. Local residents shall be trained by the DENR and deputized by 100 the Local Chief Executive (LCE) as Bantay Kalikasan (BK). The Protection Committee shall super- 100 vise the BK. 100

100 The Philippine National Police (PNP) assigned in the Municipality of Ibajay, Aklan, the Ba-

100 rangay Councils of Bugtongbato and Naisud, Civilian Volunteer Officers, members of the Municipal

50 Fishery Law Enforcement Team, Fish Wardens, and others who have undergone training in law 50

50 , 40 enforcement and have been deputized by the Municipal Mayor of Ibajay, Aklan, shall help enforce

50 , 40 this Ordinance. The BK shall establish a coordination mechanism with the groups mentioned for effective law enforcement. 50

50 The Municipal Mayor shall assign two (2) personnel from the Philippine National Police to

50 regularly conduct patrol operation in the Mangroves of Bugtongbato and Naisud. They shall coordi- 50 nate with the Protection Committee. 100

100 “SECTION 14. Information and Education. The Municipal Government of Ibajay, Aklan 100 shall support the Training and Management Committee in the development and implementation of 100 an education program to stimulate the necessary community support and awareness. 100 100 “SECTION 15. Ecological Solid Waste Management. Ecological solid waste manage- 100

100 ment shall be practiced in the Eco-park. Eco-sanitation toilets will be installed in strategic locations

50 within the park. 50

50 , 40 Training on solid waste management will provide the PMC with the basic knowledge to be 50 , 40 able to set up and implement an efficient solid waste management program shall be conducted. Part of the training will be on waste segregation, in anticipation of the volume of garbage or waste materi- 75

75 als that will be dumped on the park once it is opened for eco-tourism to the public. 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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Mechanism for garbage collection will be coordinated with the LGU of Ibajay, Aklan. Fifteen 50

(15) units of 100–liter plastic containers for collection of garbage shall be installed at 200 meters 50

interval in the Eco-park. The plastic containers shall be installed in groups of three, and color-coded 100

for reusable, bio-degradable, and non-biodegradable garbage. The BLGUs of Naisud and Bugtong- 100

bato shall be responsible for implementing ecological solid waste management in the community; 100

part of the program shall be the installation of a Material Recovery Facility (MRF) in the two baran- 100 gays. 100 100

“SECTION 16. Technical and Other Assistance. The Aklan Provincial Government, 100 DENR-PENRO, BFAR BFO, NGOs, Academe and other concerned government agencies and insti- 100

tutions shall provide technical, financial and other assistance for the implementation and operation 75 , 66 75 , 66 of the Bugtongbato – Naisud Mangrove Eco – Tourism Park Project. 75 75 “SECTION 17. Periodical Review. The Municipal Government of Ibajay, Aklan, the METB, and the PMC shall conduct a periodic review of the management of the Mangrove Eco – Tourism 50 , 40 50 , 40 Park Project yearly to allow continual refinement as conditions change, and as more experience and 50

research information becomes available. They shall consider desirable modifications as indicated 50 from the result of the implementation arrangements, surveillance and monitoring research. 100 100

“SECTION 18. Penalties and Sanctions. For violation of any provision of this Ordinance, 100

the following penalties shall be meted upon the offender, payable at the Municipal Treasurer’s Of- 100 fice: 100 100

g. First Offense - Fine of from Five Hundred Pesos (P500.00) to One Thousand Pesos 100 100 (P1,000.00) C M h. Second Offense - Fine of from One Thousand Pesos (P1,000.00) to One Thousand Five 50 Hundred Pesos (P1,500.00) 50 50 Y K

i. Third Offense - Fine of Two Thousand Five Hundred Pesos (P 2500.00), or an imprison- 50 ment of one (1) month to six (6) months, or both, at the discretion of the Court. 50 , 40 50 , 40

In any of the offenses above enumerated, the equipment/materials and other paraphernalia 50

used in the commission of the offense shall be held in custody by the Municipal PNP until the case 50

is duly resolved. 100 100

“SECTION 20. Repealing Clause. Any existing ordinance, rule or regulation in conflict with 100

this Ordinance, in whole or in part, are hereby repealed or amended accordingly. 100 100

“SECTION 21. Separability Clause. If for any reason any part or provision of this Ordi- 100

nance shall be held unconstitutional or invalid, the other parts or provision hereof which are not 100

affected thereby shall continue and remain to be in full force and effect. 100 50

“SECTION 22. Effectivity. This Ordinance shall take effect thirty (30) days after approval 50

and subject to the following: 100 ,

j. Public Hearing or consultation with the residents/fisherfolks of Brgys. Bugtongbato and 100 , Naisud. 50 , 40 50 , 40 k. Publication in a newspaper of general circulation in the Municipality of Ibajay, Aklan, 50 wherever available. 50 100 l. Posting copies of this Ordinance in three (3) conspicuous places in the Poblacion. 100

m. Posting copies of this Ordinance in the other Barangays of this Municipality. 100 100

“APPROVED AND ENACTED. - - - - May 20, 2009.” 100 100 100 100 100 , 100 , 100 , 100 ,

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100 238 Appendix 12 100 100 100 x ------x ------x 100 100

100 CERTIFIED CORRECT: 100

50 MUJANE BEGONIA C. MIROY 50

50 , 40 Secretary to the Sanggunian 50 , 40

100 , ATTESTED: 100 ,

100 , NELSON D. SANTAMARIA 100 , Vice Mayor, Presiding Officer 100

100 APPROVED: 100

100 MA. LOURDES M. MIRAFLORES 100 Municipal Mayor 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 100 , 100 , K Y 50 50 100 M C 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 50 50 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 , 40 50 , 40 75 75 75 , 66 75 , 66 100 100 100 CM

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