Context Aware Service Composition

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Context Aware Service Composition UCAM-CL-TR-700 Technical Report ISSN 1476-2986 Number 700 Computer Laboratory Context aware service composition Maja Vukovic´ October 2007 15 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0FD United Kingdom phone +44 1223 763500 http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/ c 2007 Maja Vukovic´ This technical report is based on a dissertation submitted April 2006 by the author for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the University of Cambridge, Newnham College. Technical reports published by the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory are freely available via the Internet: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/techreports/ ISSN 1476-2986 Summary Context aware applications respond and adapt to changes in the computing environment. For example, they may react when the location of the user or the capabilities of the device used change. Despite the increasing importance and popularity of such applications, advances in application models to support their development have not kept up. Legacy application design models, which embed contextual dependencies in the form of if-then rules specifying how applications should react to context changes, are still widely used. Such models are impractical to accommodate the large variety of possibly even unanticipated context types and their values. This dissertation proposes a new application model for building context aware applications, considering them as dynamically composed sequences of calls to services, software components that perform well-defined computational opera- tions and export open interfaces through which they can be invoked. This work employs goal-oriented inferencing from planning technologies for selecting the services and assembling the sequence of their execution, allowing different com- positions to result from different context parameters such as resources available, time constraints, and user location. Contextual changes during the execution of the services may trigger further re-composition causing the application to evolve dynamically. An important challenge in providing a context aware service composition fa- cility is dealing with failures that may occur, for instance as a result of context changes or missing service descriptions. To handle composition failures, this dis- sertation introduces GoalMorph, a system which transforms failed composition requests into alternative ones that can be solved. This dissertation describes the design and implementation of the proposed framework for context aware service composition. Experimental evaluation of a realistic infotainment application demonstrates that the framework provides an efficient and scalable solution. Furthermore, it shows that GoalMorph transforms goals successfully, increasing the utility of achieved goals without imposing a prohibitive composition time overhead. By developing the proposed framework for fault-tolerant, context aware ser- vice composition this work ultimately lowers the barrier for building extensible applications that automatically adapt to the user’s context. This represents a step towards a new paradigm for developing adaptive software to accommodate the increasing dynamicity of computing environments. iii iv Acknowledgements This dissertation would not have been possible without the support of many great people, to whom I express my gratitude. First of all, I would like to thank Peter Robinson, my advisor, for giving me the opportunity and freedom to pursue a PhD as a member of the Rainbow Group, Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge. His tremendous support, guidance and understanding enabled me to complete this project. I greatly appreciate the discussions with Jean Bacon, Carl Binding, Yigal Hoefner and Jana Koehler. I am grateful to Andreas Reuter, Anthony Jameson and Oliver Fritz for encouraging me to pursue a PhD. For their help in proofread- ing, support and discussions I would like to thank specifically Rana el Kaliouby, Tihana Kraˇs, Jennifer Rode, Tal Sobol-Shikler, Mark Stringer, Vikas Taliwal and Phil Tuddenham. I would like to thank Giorgos Cheliotis and Christian Facciaruso for our initial discussion on symmetric matchmaking methods. My thanks go to Anthony Bus- sani for his kind assistance with state of the art. I would also like to extend my thanks to Gero Dittman, Diana Gulli, Chiara Marchiori and Roger Zimmerman for helping make my stay in Zurich pleasant and productive. I was especially fortunate to have been generously supported by IBM Zurich Research Laboratory. This has also provided me with an opportunity to work with leading researchers at IBM Zurich Laboratory and IBM T.J. Watson Re- search Center. I am grateful to Doug Dykeman and Stefan Hild, without whose effort and flexibility this would not have been possible. I would also like to thank Cambridge Commonwealth Trust, Newnham Col- lege, and the Royal Academy of Engineering for supporting this research. My time at Cambridge would not have been the same without Aleksandra Gruevska and Nives Mikeli´c. I would also like to thank Gordana Api´cfor offering practical advice during critical stages of my research. I would especially like to thank Evangelos Kotsovinos for our extensive dis- cussions on adaptive composition, constructive feedback on dissertation drafts, patience and unending support during the most challenging times of this research project. Last but not least, I would like to thank my parents, Vladimir and Dragana, whose hard work and devotion made all this possible. Words cannot express my gratitude to my sister Tamara and brother Ivan for their love and encouragement. v vi Contents List of figures ix List of tables xi List of algorithms xiii Abbreviations xv Terminology xvii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation............................... 2 1.2 Researchchallenges.......................... 5 1.3 Dissertationaims ........................... 7 1.4 Dissertationoutline.......................... 9 1.5 Publicationrecord .......................... 10 2 Research context 13 2.1 Contextawarecomputing . 13 2.1.1 Context and context awareness . 14 2.1.2 Middleware for context awareness . 18 2.1.3 Models for context awareness . 22 2.2 Servicecomposition. .. .. 26 2.2.1 Foundations.......................... 26 2.2.2 Componenttechnologies . 28 2.2.3 Servicecompositionframeworks . 29 2.2.4 Webservicecomposition . 32 2.2.5 Planning-based service composition . 37 2.3 Summary ............................... 45 vii 3 Service composition framework 49 3.1 Usagescenario............................. 50 3.2 Designrequirements . .. .. 52 3.3 Frameworkarchitecture. 52 3.3.1 Composition request management layer . 54 3.3.2 Abstract service composition layer . 56 3.3.3 Architecture specific service composition layer . ... 58 3.3.4 Execution and monitoring layer . 60 3.4 Failuretolerance ........................... 62 3.4.1 Compositionfailures . 62 3.4.2 Discoveryfailures . 63 3.4.3 Executionfailures. 64 3.5 Summary ............................... 66 4 Composition failure management 69 4.1 Motivation............................... 70 4.1.1 Partial satisfaction of composition requests . ... 70 4.1.2 Automated construction of composition requests . .. 71 4.2 GoalMorph: composition failure management using context aware goaltransformations . 72 4.2.1 Goaltaxonomy ........................ 72 4.2.2 GoalMorphoverview . 74 4.2.3 ContextProxy ........................ 75 4.2.4 ContextMesh......................... 79 4.2.5 GoalService.......................... 87 4.2.6 GoalTransformationEngine . 92 4.2.7 GoalMorphinuse....................... 99 4.3 Evaluation............................... 100 4.3.1 GoalMorpheffectiveness . 101 4.3.2 GoalMorphperformance . 103 4.3.3 GoalMorphscalability . 106 4.4 Relatedwork ............................. 107 4.4.1 ComparisonwithGTrans. 107 4.4.2 Partialsatisfactionplanning . 109 4.5 Summary ............................... 110 5 Implementation 113 5.1 Abstract service composition layer . 115 5.1.1 AbstractServiceRepository . 115 viii 5.1.2 CompositionEngine . 116 5.2 Architecture specific service composition layer . ..... 128 5.2.1 Representation of abstract execution plans . 128 5.2.2 Planinstantiation. 132 5.3 Execution and monitoring layer . 135 5.3.1 Service execution and monitoring . 135 5.3.2 Goalstatemonitoring . 137 5.4 Summary ............................... 138 6 Evaluation 141 6.1 Experimentalsetup . 141 6.2 Performance.............................. 143 6.3 Scalability ............................... 149 6.3.1 Scalability when increasing domain size . 150 6.3.2 Scalability when increasing composition request size.... 151 6.3.3 Scalability when increasing number of composition requests 151 6.4 Qualitativeevaluation . 152 6.4.1 Developmenteffort . 153 6.4.2 Effectiveness. .. .. 158 6.5 Summary ............................... 160 7 Conclusion 161 7.1 Contributions ............................. 162 7.2 Futurework .............................. 162 7.2.1 User driven goal transformation selection . 163 7.2.2 Composition request scheduling . 163 7.2.3 Quality of Service for composite service execution . 164 7.2.4 Privacy, security and trust for composite services . 164 7.3 Summary ............................... 165 Appendix A Interfaces 167 A.1 Composition request management layer . 167 A.2 Abstract service composition layer . 172 A.3 Architecture specific service composition layer . ..... 173 A.4 Execution and monitoring layer . 175 Appendix B System extensibility 177 References 179 ix x List of Figures 2.1 Webservicearchitecture . 32 2.2 SOAPmessagestructure . 34 2.3 OWL-Sserviceontology . 36 3.1 Usage scenario: context aware restaurant finder . ... 51
Recommended publications
  • Puck.Js Realvnc and Raspberry Pi Research Skills
    The RingTHE JOURNAL OF T HE CAMBRIDGE COMPU T ER LAB RING Issue XLIV— January 2017 Who’s who 6 Puck.js 2 Another Kickstarter success for Hall of Fame news 8 Espruino Computer Laboratory news 11 RealVNC and Raspberry Pi 5 A shared passion Research Skills 9 Programming matter www.cl.cam.ac.uk/ring 2 HALL OF FAME PROFILE Puck.js Gordon Williams started the Espruino project in 2012. Puck.js is the third successful Espruino Kickstarter and, since Christmas, over 20,000 devices have been shipped worldwide. First it was Espruino, the first Java Script microcontroller. Then came However there are many other uses for beacons such as coarse Espruino Pico which allows you to control electronics quickly and positioning (of a user relative to beacons, or of beacons relative to easily with a tiny USB stick that runs JavaScript. Gordon Williams’s receivers). Their low price (sometimes less than $5 each, including latest Kickstarter project is Puck.js, an open source JavaScript micro- case and battery), makes them extremely attractive. controller that you can program wirelessly. TR: Puck.js is a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacon. What is special about it? TR: Can you explain what Bluetooth LE is, and why it’s interesting? GW: Puck.js can be a BLE beacon, but it’s a lot more than that. It GW: Bluetooth LE (Bluetooth Low Energy or Bluetooth Smart) is contains a button, temperature and light sensors, a magnetometer, IR a 2.4Ghz radio standard originally created by Nokia. Unlike normal transmitter, and a full Bluetooth LE implementation (both a master Bluetooth it’s designed for low power and cost rather than high band- and slave) along with the Espruino JavaScript interpreter (software width.
    [Show full text]
  • Networked Surfaces: a Novel LAN Technology
    Networked Surfaces: A Novel LAN Technology James William Scott Churchill College, University of Cambridge September 25, 2002 This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Abstract Networked Surfaces: A Novel LAN Technology James William Scott Networked Surfaces are a novel technology, which allows physical surfaces such as desks to be augmented in order to provide networking and other services to devices placed on top of them. The devices, which are required to be augmented with special hardware, may include notebook PCs, PDAs, peripherals, and other types of device habitually placed on surfaces. When such a device is placed on a Networked Surface, a handshaking protocol is used to establish a connection between it and the appropriate services. These services may in- clude low-speed and high-speed networking, the provision of power, and also the accurate estimation of the location of the device. The concept of Networked Surfaces raises many issues in networking, which are explored in this thesis in the context of the OSI networking model. At the physical layer, the hardware required to provide connectivity to services is complex, involving a distributed architecture and use of particular conductive pad layouts on the surface and object. The implementation of a fully functional prototype is described. At the link layer, methods for connection and disconnection detection are presented and evaluated. The high speed network used in the prototype is discussed, and includes a novel bus arbitration scheme appropriate to the Networked Surfaces environment. The characteristics of the high speed Networked Surfaces network interface include the possibility of frequent connection and disconnection.
    [Show full text]
  • Part IB Group Projects Research Skills
    The RingTHE JOURNAL OF T HE CAMBRIDGE COMPU T ER LAB RING Issue XLVIII — May 2018 Who’s who 2 Part IB Group Projects 5 Virtual World Generator Hall of Fame news 3 Computer Laboratory news 10 Research Skills 9 Review of ‘Neural Acceleration for General–Purpose Approximate Programs’ www.cl.cam.ac.uk/ring 2 Who’s Who Adam Cohen–Rose (CL BA95) has joined Sean Moran (CTH BA05) is working at Tesco Labs as a software development engi- Huawei where he is a Senior Research Scien- Events calendar neer. tist in Machine Learning. William Denman (PhD14) has been Barney Pell (T PhD93) has joined the 2018 appointed Quantitative Developer at Orbis Board of Directors of Ecoation Innovative May Investments in Vancouver. Solutions Inc, The Ecoation artificial intel- ligence platform predicts the type, location Tuesday 8th, 6.30pm Simon Fothergill (PhD13) has recently and level of crop stress using plant signals, Bay Area Ringlet Bar joined PROWLER.io as a senior data scien- and communicates this intelligence daily to Southern Pacific Brewing, 620 tist. growers on their phone or computer. Treat Ave, San Francisco Andy Harter (F BA83 CC PhD90) CBE, David Singleton (JN BA02) recently June FREng, CEng, FIET, FBCS, CITP, FLCM, joined Stripe from Google, where he was FRSA, has been appointed the High Sheriff director of Android Wear. David will lead Wednesday 6th, 6.30pm of Cambridgeshire. Stripe’s global engineering efforts. London Ringlet Bar Venue to be confirmed Bjarne Stroustrup (CHU PhD79) has been named the recipient of the 2017 August Faraday Medal, the most prestigious of the Thursday 2nd, 6.30pm Institution of Engineering and Technology London Ringlet Bar (IET) Achievement Medals.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Review Annex 2019-2020
    Annex to the Annual Review 2019| 2020 2 Contents Fellows elected in 2019 . 2 Frontiers of Development seed funding grants . 36 International Fellows . 2 Leaders in Innovation Fellowships . 38 Honorary Fellow . .2 Global Challenges Research Fund Africa Catalyst . 44 Fellows . .2 Higher Education Partnerships in sub-Saharan Trustee Board . 4 Africa . 44 Academy Governance Committees . 5 Africa Prize for Engineering Innovation . 48 Academy Operating Committees . 8 Africa Prize for Engineering Innovation alumni grants programme 2019–2020 . 49 Awards 2019 . 11 Africa Prize: service delivery . 49 Grants, fellowships and programmes . .13 . Africa Prize: travel and training scheme . .49 Research Chairs . 13 Africa Prize: business grants . 50 Chairs in Emerging Technologies. .16 Engineering X . 50 Senior Research Fellowships . .17 Safer Complex Systems . .50 Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowships . .18 Safer End of Engineered Life . .51 Daphne Jackson Trust Fellowships. .18 Engineering Skills where they are most needed . 51 Research Fellowships . 19 Transforming Systems through Partnership . 53 Engineering for Development Research UK-China Urban Flooding Research Impact Fellowships . 22 programme . 58 Associate Research Fellowships. 22 Distinguished Visiting Fellowships and Missions UK Intelligence Community Postdoctoral in Turkey . 59 Research Fellowships . 23 Distinguished Visiting Fellowships . 60 Lloyd’s Register Foundation Research Global Grand Challenges Summit 2019 Fellowships . 23 Follow-up Programmes . 61 Industrial Fellowships Scheme . 24 Ingenious public engagement awards . 62 APEX awards . 26 Engineering Leaders Scholarships . 63 Regional Engagement Awards . 27 Visiting Professors. 67 Proof of Concept Awards . 27 Sainsbury Management Fellowships . 69 Enterprise Fellowships . 28 Connecting STEM teachers programme . 69 IRT Enterprise Fellowships . 28 Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering . 71 . ERA Award. 28 Panel of judges.
    [Show full text]
  • Realvnc Is a Spin out Company Launched by the University of Cambridge Researchers Who Developed Virtual Network Computing (VNC) Remote Access Technology
    Impact case study (REF3b) Institution: University of Cambridge Unit of Assessment: UoA11 Title of case study: Real VNC 1. Summary of the impact (indicative maximum 100 words) RealVNC is a spin out company launched by the University of Cambridge researchers who developed Virtual Network Computing (VNC) remote access technology. VNC allows connection and control of devices from anywhere in the world, irrespective of operating system. VNC is now the default mechanism for remote sharing of graphical desktops across the internet. RealVNC has sold over 300 million licences across 175 countries. The company has won three Queen’s Awards for Enterprise and the Royal Academy of Engineering’s MacRobert Award, the UK's premier engineering prize. 2. Underpinning research (indicative maximum 500 words) The research was undertaken by Professor Andy Hopper [1–6], who joined the University of Cambridge in 1977, became Reader in 1992 and Professor in 1997 (see note below). He was appointed Head of the Computer Laboratory and Professor of Computer Technology in 2004. The research was undertaken collaboratively with Olivetti Research Labs in Cambridge (which became Oracle Research in 1987 and then AT&T Research from 1999). Professor Hopper led the research project throughout. Other key members of Hopper’s University research groups were Quentin Stafford-Fraser [1,5], Research Assistant at the Computer Laboratory,1991–1992, who joined Olivetti some years later; Mark Spiteri [6], Research Associate in Hopper’s Laboratory for Communications Engineering 1999-2001; John Bates [6], Lecturer in Hopper’s Laboratory for Communications Engineering 1998-2000; and Glenford Mapp [2], who was a Visiting Fellow in the Computer Laboratory.
    [Show full text]
  • Virtual Network Computing
    Virtual Network Computing Tristan Richardson, Quentin Stafford-Fraser, Kenneth R. Wood and Andy Hopper Reprint from IEEE Internet Computing Volume 2, Number 1 January/February 1998 © 1998 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder. F E A T U R E VIRTUAL NETWORK COMPUTING TRISTAN RICHARDSON, QUENTIN STAFFORD-FRASER, KENNETH R. W OOD, AND ANDY HOPPER* VNC is an ultra-thin The Olivetti & Oracle Research Laboratory client system based on a simple display protocol that is platform- independent. It achieves he so-called network computer (NC) aims to give users access to centralized resources from simple, inexpensive devices. mobile computing T These devices act as clients to more powerful server machines that are connected to the network and provide applications, data, and storage for a user’s preferences and personal customizations. We have without requiring the taken this idea a stage further. In the virtual network computing (VNC) system, server machines supply not only applications and data but also an entire desktop environment that can be accessed from any user to carry any Internet-connected machine using a simple software NC.
    [Show full text]
  • Ring-2010-09.Pdf
    The RingTHE JOURNAL OF T HE CAMBRIDGE COMPU T ER LAB RING Issue XXV — September 2010 — £20 Ring news 2 Sunil Shah 4 Letter from the Editor From Cairo to Cape Town Ring events 3 A perfect summer Patenting strategies for 6 software companies Who’s who 5 Hall of Fame news 16 Peter Cowley 9 Don’s diary 18 Xsilon 11 Magnus Myreen Helping us to become more environmentally friendly Computer Laboratory news 19 RedBeacon 13 For whatever you need done Shaun Crampton 17 Graduate story www.camring.ucam.org 2 Ring news Letter from the Editor Events calendar 2010 For those of us who are avid sport watchers, it’s been an exhausting summer: the foot- October ball World Cup, the US Open, Wimbledon, The Open, the European Athletics Cham- Wednesday 6th, 7pm pionships and the Tour de France. However, Cambridge Roundtable while some of us have done little more than Discussion flick the remote or hide behind the sofa St Catharine’s College while watching England play Germany in Guest speaker: the World Cup, a number of Ring members Sean Phelan, founder of Multimap Admission by ticket only have clocked up sporting achievements of Invitation enclosed their own. November In May, Sunil Shah (F09) completed the Tour d’Afrique (you can read about his trip Monday 8th, 7pm on page 4), crossing Africa from north to London Roundtable south, and covering almost 12,000km in Discussion four months — a true test of mind, body Chez Gerard, Rupert Street and bike! The Tour is a 94-stage race broken Guest speaker: up into eight sections.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Location Technology
    A Distributed Lo cation System for the Active Oce y Andy Harter, Andy Hopp er y Olivetti Research Limited University of Cambridge Old Addenbro oke's Site Computer Lab oratory 24a Trumpington Street Pembroke Street Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1QA CB2 3QG United Kingdom United Kingdom Novemb er, 1993 Computer and communications systems continue to proliferate in the oce and home. Sys- tems are varied and complex, involving wireless networks and mobile computers. Mobility itself intro duces many new issues [Weiser93]. However, systems are underused b ecause the range of control mechanisms and application interfaces is to o diverse. It is therefore p ertinent to consider what mechanisms might allow the user to manipulate systems in simple and ubiquitous ways, and how computers can b e made more aware of the facilities in their surroundings. Knowledge of the lo cation of p eople and equipment within an organisation is such a mech- anism. Annotating a resource database with lo cation information allows lo cation based heuristics for control and interaction to b e constructed. This approach is particularly attractive since lo cation techniques can b e devised which are physically unobtrusive and do not rely on explicit user action. This article describ es the technology of a system for lo cating p eople and equipment, and the design of a distributed system service supp orting access to that information. The application interfaces which are made p ossible by,or b ene t from this facility are presented. 1 Lo cation Technology The top ology of a xed network of wireless receivers is the basis for a lo cation system.
    [Show full text]
  • Cambridge Computing
    CAMBRIDGE COMPUTING The First 75 Years Haroon Ahmed Computer Laboratory CAMBRIDGE COMPUTING Th e First 75 Years CAMBRIDGE COMPUTING Th e First 75 Years Haroon Ahmed © 2013 Cambridge Computer Laboratory and Third Millennium Publishing Ltd First published in 2013 by Third Millennium Publishing Limited, a subsidiary of Third Millennium Information Limited 2–5 Benjamin Street London UK EC1M 5QL www.tmiltd.com ISBN 978 1 906507 83 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data: A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Written by Haroon Ahmed Photography by Alan Davidson Managing Editor, Susan Millership Editorial assistance by Neil Burkey Designed by Matthew Wilson Production by Bonnie Murray Reprographics by Studio Fasoli, Italy Printed by Gorenjski Tisk, Slovenia Contents Preface 6 Foreword 8 1 Babbage’s ‘Magical Machines’ 10 2 The Genesis of the Computer Laboratory 20 3 Maurice Wilkes: Computer Pioneer 34 4 Maurice Wilkes and the EDSACs 44 5 Maurice Wilkes: New Directions of Research and the End of an Era 66 6 Computing for All: Networking the University from 84 EDSAC Users to Desktops and Laptops – David Hartley 7 Spreading the Word: Teaching Computer Science 94 and Technology – Peter Robinson 8 The Computer Laboratory, 1980–2012: 104 The ‘Needham Years’ and the Modern Era 9 Entrepreneurs, Spinning Out, Making Money and 122 Linking with Industry 10 The Computer Laboratory on its 75th Birthday: 142 A Centre of Research Excellence Bibliography 162 List of Subscribers 166 Index 170 Acknowledgements and Picture Credits 176 Preface ambridge Computing is an illustrated history celebrating the 75th anniversary of the foundation of Cthe Computer Laboratory on 14 May 1937 and marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Professor Sir Maurice Wilkes on 26 June 1913.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ring — Issue XXXIII — May 2013 Celebrating the First 75 Years 3
    The RingTHE JOURNAL OF THE CAMBRIDGE COMPUTER LAB RING Issue XXXIII — May 2013 The Computer Laboratory 64 2 Celebrating the first 75 years Hall of Fame Awards 64 4 The end of an era 6 Margaret Levitt prepares to bid farewell Larry Nazareth 8 Numerical Algorist vis-à-vis Numerical Analyst Publication of the year 13 3D Constrained Local Model for Rigid and Non-Rigid Facial Tracking Hall of Fame news 11 www.camring.ucam.org 2 The Computer Laboratory Celebrating the first 75 years on 24th April 2013 Anticlockwise (from top left): Professor Sir Tony Hoare delivers the Wheeler Lecture; Professor Andy Hopper presents Dr Mike Lynch with a commemorative certificate; Professor Ahmed signs a copy of Cambridge Computing: The First 75 Years for Professor Bjarne Stroustrup; Lord Broers addresses over 300 graduates and friends of the Computer Laboratory; Professor Haroon Ahmed, Professor Andy Hopper and Lord Broers at the book launch. © The Cambridge Computer Lab Ring 2013 The Ring — Issue XXXIII — May 2013 Celebrating the first 75 years 3 Anticlockwise (from top left): Innovation Discussion Panel shares a joke with the audience (left to right: Dr Mike Lynch, Dr Mike Muller, Professor Andy Hopper, Dr Andy Harter, Dr Eben Upton); Poster competition winner Ramsey Faragher for his poster “Opportunistic positioning”; raising a glass to the Computer Laboratory at the Cambridge Ring annual dinner; Lord Broers delivers guest speech (left to right: Sir Robin Saxby, Dr Gerard Bricogne, Dr Hermann Hauser CBE, Professor Andy Hopper CBE); Professor Andy Hopper presents Lord Broers with a copy of Cambridge Computing: The First 75 Years.
    [Show full text]