Fecal Sludge Treatment in Karunguzhi Municipal Administration and Water Supply Department The FSTP Story Directorate of Town Panchayat

Municipal Administration and Water Supply Department Directorate of Town Panchayat

Fecal Sludge Treatment in Karunguzhi The FSTP Story

For Citation: TNUSSP, 2019. Fecal Sludge Treatment in Karunguzhi, The FSTP Story. Draft. Cite with authors permission.

District Map of Draft. Cite with authors permission.

Introduction

Tamil Nadu is one of the most coverage as core to improved urbanised states in , with an standards of public health, but by also urban population share of 49 per cent. prioritising the full cycle of sanitation Unlike most other states where a from containment to disposal. Vision significant proportion of the urban 2023 of the GoTN envisages that all population is centered around two or citizens of the state have access to three primate cities (e.g. Mumbai and safe sanitation, which includes the Pune in Maharashtra, Bangalore and implementation of Underground Mysore in Karnataka), urban centres Sewerage Schemes (UGSS) and are more dspersed in Tamil Nadu. The development of Sewage Treatment urban areas of Tamil Nadu are Plants (STPs) in all Urban Local Bodies organised into 12 Corporations, 124 (ULBs). Municipalities, 528 Town-Panchayats and two Cantonment Boards. The Since conventional UGSS is cost Census 2011 also reports the presence intensive and has a long gestation of 376 Census Towns. period, the state is strengthening s e p t a g e m a n a g e m e n t a s a n The Government of Tamil Nadu (GoTN) e c o n o m i c a l a n d s u s t a i n a b l e has been a pioneer in the sanitation complement to network-based sector by not only recognising the systems. importance of the full sanitation

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Need for Septage Ÿ Unsafe transport and lack of proper treatment systems results in Management environmental pollution

Ÿ UGSS is absent in many areas of the Ÿ Untreated sewage is being disposed state of unscientifically

Ÿ There is financial strain on the small ULBs to maintain UGSS

Ÿ E c o n o m i c a l l y l e s s p r i v i l e g e d Operative Guidelines communities depend upon on-site sanitation The state issued the Operative Guidelines for Septage Management in Ÿ A large number of households have 2014 for local bodies in Tamil Nadu, invested in septic tanks making it the first such initiative in the country. The guidelines cover the Ÿ Septic tanks are not cleaned following: regularly, and many of them drain out into the storm water drains Ÿ Design and construction of septic tanks Ÿ Many places have inadequate and informal de-sludging services Ÿ Septic tank pumping

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Ÿ Septage transportation

Ÿ Treatment and septage disposal

Ÿ Fees for collection, transportation and treatment

Ÿ I n f o r m a t i o n , E d u c a t i o n a n d Communication (IEC)

Ÿ Record-keeping and reporting

Tamil Nadu was the first Indian State to issue the Operative Guidelines for Septage Management, in September 2014.

Fecal Sludge Treatment in Karunguzhi - The FSTP Story | 05 Draft. Cite with authors permission. Karunguzhi Cluster Map

Sathamai KARUNGUZHI

Kunnavakkam

Pillanthikuppam

MADHURANTHAGAM

Kathiricheri

Munuthikuppam FSTP Location ULBs covered in FSTP

Madhuranthagam Municipality Arungunam Karunguzhi Town Panchayat

Village Panchayats

Roads

Railway Line

Source: CMA & DTP, Census 2011; IIHS analysis, 2018

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Chennai Pilot FSTP Project To demonstrate an effective and efficient septage management operation which can be scaled up across the state, a cluster of urban locations comprising of Karunguzhi Kancheepuram T o w n P a n c h a y a t ( T P ) a n d t h e a d j a c e n t M a d h u r a n t h a g a m Municipality were identified as a case

60kms study to pilot a septage management p r o j e c t i n T a m i l N a d u . . T h e government accorded administrative sanction vide G.O (D) No. 398 MA &WS Karunguzhi (TP2) on 19.09.2016 to build an FSTP Madhuranthagam (Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant) in Karunguzhi with a capacity to treat 23 KLD of septage, at an estimated cost of Rs 4.93 crore.

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About Karunguzhi

Karunguzhi is a first grade Town Only 40 per cent of the households in Panchayat in Kancheepuram District the town have individual household with a population of 12,485 (3,075 toilets, and these are connected to households). It is situated 3 km north of septic/holding tanks. A significant Madhuranthagam Municipality and 20 number of these households have kms from along the never emptied their septic/holding C h e n n a i - V i l l u p u r a m N a t i o n a l tanks, and only 3 per cent of the Highway No. 45. households reported regularity in emptying their tanks. Since UGSS is The topography of the town is mostly unviable for this town, septage plain with a gentle slope from the management is being considered as a south-west direction to the north east, viable, economical and sustainable and the ground level varies from 22 to option to meet its sanitation needs. . 28 metres above mean sea level. The total area of the town is about 6 sq. km. To demonstrate the principles and Farming and industries are the main operational requirements of septage s o u r c e s o f o c c u p a t i o n f o r t h e management, an FSTP to treat fecal residents. sludge has been constructed in Karunguzhi.

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Population1 Distance from 12,485 82.7kms Quantity of septage to be treated2

Area1 23KL/Day Households having 6 sq.km on-site sanitation systems2

No. of Wards1 2,155 15 No. of loads per day2 6 to 7 loads FSTP 3 1 Households operational since2 of 3m each 3,075 2017

Sources: 1Census 2011; 2 Directorate of Town Panchayat

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Septage Management: Towards 100% Safe Sanitation An FSTP is a treatment facility to treat the fecal sludge and septage from various on-site sanitation systems. The fecal sludge is brought to the treatment location through de-sludging trucks used to evacuate septic/holding tanks at households, public toilets or commercial establishments.

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Key Features of the Treatment Technology

23,000 litres per day Minimal energy Low cost and (23 KLD) design input for operation High efficiency treatment capacity

Gravity-based Biological Low operation No skilled system treatment system and maintenance labour required

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The objectives of this project are

Ÿ Demonstration of 100 per cent Water Supply and Drainage Board sanitation solutions (TWAD) provided technical review and approval, and was also responsible for Ÿ Reduction of environmental pollution the implementation of the project. Ÿ Wider replication of the project TWAD was also responsible for the across all ULBs Operation and Maintanance(O & M) of the plant for a year from the date of its The plant is designed to treat the commencement. septage generated in Karunguzhi Town Panchayat and Madhuranthagam The FSTP is built on 1.5 acres of land and Municipality. The Detailed Project has a capacity of 23 Kilo litres per Report (DPR) was prepared by the day(KLD), and is expected to treat Directorate of Town Panchayats (DTP) septage eventually collected from and submitted to the Tamil Nadu about 3,000 households in Karunguzhi Urban Finance and Infrastructure and about 7,000 households in Development Corporation (TUFIDCO) Madhuranthagam. Appraisal Committee. The Tamil Nadu

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Source: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)

CONTAINMENT EMPTYING TRANSPORT

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Process Overview

The septage is processed in the treatment facility using Solid-liquid s e p a r a t i o n , d e w a t e r i n g , a n d treatment of the separated liquid. The reuse options considered for the dried fecal sludge are as bio- manure by co-composting it with municipal organic waste. Treated water is reused for gardening and controlled irrigation. The dried sludge is co-composted with solid waste from the TP, at the newly constructed Resource Recovery Park.

TREATMENT REUSE/DISPOSAL

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FSTP Layout Sludge Drying Bed 20Nos Size 6m X 8.20m

FSTP Cost: Rs. 49 Million (68,865 USD)

16 | Fecal Sludge Treatment in Karunguzhi - The FSTP Story Draft. Cite with authors permission. Pump Room Size 3m X 2m

Filtrate Sump Size 3m X 5m Sludge Storage Yard Size 7m X 5m

Horizontal Planted Maturation Pond Source: Karunghuzhi FSTP Gravel Filter Size 7m X 7m X 1m information board Size 17m X 8m

The FSTP is built on 1.5 acres and is expected to treat septage collected from about 3,000 households in Karunguzhi, and about 7,000 households in Madhuranthagam.

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The entrance to the Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant Draft. Cite with authors permission. Desludging truck emptying raw sludge into the Sludge Drying Bed through the inlet chamber

SS screens to Coarse material remove grit and being removed other coarse from the fresh particles sludge

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The raw sludge enters the Sludge Drying Bed

Sludge Drying Beds at the FSTP

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A close-up view of the Sludge Drying Beds

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Dried sludge stored in the Sludge Storage Yard

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A close-up view of the leachate The residual liquid (leachate) passes through stoneware pipes to the Horizontal Planted Gravel Filter

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Planted Gravel Filter - The bottom is Canna Indica and coral reeds filled with graded gravel and pebbles are planted over the filter media

Effluent sent to the Maturation Pond for tertiary treatment

24 | Fecal Sludge Treatment in Karunguzhi - The FSTP Story Draft. Cite with authors permission. A close-up of the Filtrate Sump The treated effluent is collected in the Filtrate Sump

The treated water is reused for gardening

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A sample of the fresh fecal sludge is collected for screening Testing Raw Septage:

The raw septage coming into the FSTP is tested to check for industrial wastes that may adversely affect the working of the plant.

Testing the fecal Close-up of the pH test Testing the conductivity sludge for pH of the Fecal Sludge

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Resource Recovery Park:

The dried sludge is co-composted with solid waste from the TP, at newly constructed Resource Recovery Park. There are plans to sell this as agricultural fertiliser'.

Windrows of the co-compost Co-composting at the Resource at the Resource Recovery Park Recovery Park in Karunguzhi

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