DOCSLIB.ORG

Health Impact Review of SB 5250 Concerning Permanent Daylight Saving Time in Washington State (2019 Legislative Session)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Health Impact Review of SB 5250 Concerning Permanent Daylight Saving Time in Washington State (2019 Legislative Session) Executive Summary: Health Impact Review of SB 5250 Concerning permanent daylight saving time in Washington state (2019 Legislative Session) Evidence indicates that SB 5250 has the potential to improve health outcomes, particularly on days that would immediately follow a transition to or from daylight saving time. The evidence for the impact of implementing year-round daylight saving time on health inequities is not well researched. BILL INFORMATION Sponsors: Mullet, Palumbo, Billig, Das, Hunt Summary of Bill: Establishes the standard time for Washington State as permanent daylight saving time year-round, if authorized by the United States Congress. Requires the Department of Commerce to provide notice of the effective date to affected parties, the chief clerk of the House of Representatives, the secretary of the Senate, the Office of the Code Reviser, and others as deemed appropriate by the Department of Commerce. Requires the Secretary of State to submit this act to the people for their adoption and ratification, or rejection, at the next general election held in the State of Washington. HEALTH IMPACT REVIEW Summary of Findings: This Health Impact Review found the following evidence regarding the provisions in SB 5250: Strong evidence that implementing year-round daylight saving time would likely improve health outcomes, particularly on days that would immediately follow a transition to or from daylight saving time. The evidence for the impact of implementing year-round daylight saving time on health inequities is not well researched. For more information: Phone: (360) 628-7342 Email: [email protected] sboh.wa.gov/hir Health Impact Review of SB 5250 Concerning permanent daylight saving time in Washington state (2019 Legislative Session) January 17, 2019 Staff contact: Caitlin Lang-Perez Phone: (360) 628-7342 Email: [email protected] Contents Introduction and Methods ............................................................................................................... 1 Analysis of SB 5250 and the Scientific Evidence .......................................................................... 2 Logic Model .................................................................................................................................... 4 Summaries of Findings ................................................................................................................... 5 Annotated References ..................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction and Methods A Health Impact Review is an analysis of how a proposed legislative or budgetary change will likely impact health and health disparities in Washington State (RCW 43.20.285). For the purpose of this review ‘health disparities’ have been defined as the differences in disease, death, and other adverse health conditions that exist between populations (RCW 43.20.270). This document provides summaries of the evidence analyzed by State Board of Health staff during the Health Impact Review of Senate Bill 5250 (SB 5250). Staff analyzed the content of SB 5250 and created a logic model depicting possible pathways leading from the provisions of the bill to health outcomes. We consulted with experts and contacted key informants about the provisions and potential impacts of the bill. We conducted an objective review of published literature for each pathway using databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and University of Washington Libraries. More information about key informants and detailed methods are available upon request. The following pages provide a detailed analysis of the bill including the logic model, summaries of evidence, and annotated references. The logic model is presented both in text and through a flowchart (Figure 1). The logic model includes information on the strength-of-evidence for each relationship. The strength-of-evidence has been defined using the following criteria: Not well researched: the review of literature yielded few if any studies or only yielded studies that were poorly designed or executed or had high risk of bias. A fair amount of evidence: the review of literature yielded several studies supporting the association, but a large body of evidence was not established; or the review yielded a large body of evidence but findings were inconsistent with only a slightly larger percentage of the studies supporting the association; or the research did not incorporate the most robust study designs or execution or had a higher than average risk of bias. Strong evidence: the review of literature yielded a large body of evidence on the relationship (a vast majority of which supported the association) but the body of evidence did contain some contradictory findings or studies that did not incorporate the most robust study designs or execution or had a higher than average risk of bias; or there were too few studies to reach the rigor of “very strong evidence;” or some combination of these. Very strong evidence: the review of literature yielded a very large body of robust evidence supporting the association with few if any contradictory findings. The evidence indicates that the scientific community largely accepts the existence of the association. This review was subject to time constraints, which influenced the scope of work for this review. The annotated references are only a representation of the evidence and provide examples of current research. In some cases only a few review articles or meta-analyses are referenced. One article may cite or provide analysis of dozens of other articles. Therefore the number of references included in the bibliography does not necessarily reflect the strength-of-evidence. In addition, some articles provide evidence for more than one research question, so are referenced multiple times. 1 January 2019 - Health Impact Review of SB 5250 Analysis of SB 5250 and the Scientific Evidence Summary of relevant background information It is U.S. policy (U.S. Code, Title 15 §260) to “promote the adoption and observance of uniform time within standard time zones […] the [U.S.] Secretary of Transportation is authorized and directed to foster and promote widespread and uniform adoption and observance of the same standard of time within and throughout each such standard time zone.”1 Federal law requires states to observe daylight saving time (DST) from early March to early November and standard time the remainder of the year.1 However, states are permitted to implement standard time year-round, without federal approval, as Hawaii and Arizona have done. Adopting DST year-round requires Congressional and Presidential approval. In 2018, H.R.6202 was introduced to the 115th U.S. Congress. The legislation would allow states to elect to observe year-round DST.2 The proposal was referred to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce. Currently, three other states have proposals to implement DST year-round. o In March 2018, Florida passed the “Sunshine Protection Act” (Florida Statute 1.025), making it the only state to adopt DST year-round.3 While legislation to authorize Florida’s act has been introduced in the U.S. Congress (S.2537 and H.R. 5279), neither chamber has voted on the proposals.4 o In 2018, California voters passed Proposition 7, which encourages the legislature to consider instituting year-round DST.5 The proposition also requires a two- thirds vote of the Legislature to change the period of DST. In December 2018, Assembly members introduced Assembly Bill 7 to establish California’s standard time to year-round DST.6 o In January 2019, Oregon legislators introduced legislation (House Bill 2297) to abolish the annual one-hour change in time from standard time to DST and to maintain Oregon on DST all year.7 Summary of SB 5250 Establishes the standard time for Washington State as permanent daylight saving time year-round, if authorized by the United States Congress. Requires the Department of Commerce to provide notice of the effective date to affected parties, the chief clerk of the House of Representatives, the secretary of the Senate, the Office of the Code Reviser, and others as deemed appropriate by the Department of Commerce. Requires the Secretary of State to submit this act to the people for their adoption and ratification, or rejection, at the next general election held in the State of Washington. 2 January 2019 - Health Impact Review of SB 5250 Health impact of SB 5250 Evidence indicates that SB 5250 has the potential to improve health outcomes, particularly on days that would immediately follow a transition to or from DST. The evidence for the impact of implementing year-round DST on health disparities is not well researched. Pathway to health impacts The potential pathways leading from the provisions of SB 5250 are depicted in Figure 1. There is strong evidence that implementing year-round DST would likely improve health outcomes such as heart attack and stroke, particularly on the days that would have immediately followed a transition to or from DST.8-21 The likely impact of implementing year-round DST on health disparities is not well researched. Due to time limitations we only researched the most direct connections between the provisions of the bill, health, and health disparities and did not explore the evidence for all possible pathways. We specifically looked at the provisions in the bill that would establish daylight saving time as the year-round standard time in Washington State. For example, potential pathways
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Daylight Saving Time (DST)
    Daylight Saving Time (DST) Updated September 30, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45208 Daylight Saving Time (DST) Summary Daylight Saving Time (DST) is a period of the year between spring and fall when clocks in most parts of the United States are set one hour ahead of standard time. DST begins on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November. The beginning and ending dates are set in statute. Congressional interest in the potential benefits and costs of DST has resulted in changes to DST observance since it was first adopted in the United States in 1918. The United States established standard time zones and DST through the Calder Act, also known as the Standard Time Act of 1918. The issue of consistency in time observance was further clarified by the Uniform Time Act of 1966. These laws as amended allow a state to exempt itself—or parts of the state that lie within a different time zone—from DST observance. These laws as amended also authorize the Department of Transportation (DOT) to regulate standard time zone boundaries and DST. The time period for DST was changed most recently in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005; P.L. 109-58). Congress has required several agencies to study the effects of changes in DST observance. In 1974, DOT reported that the potential benefits to energy conservation, traffic safety, and reductions in violent crime were minimal. In 2008, the Department of Energy assessed the effects to national energy consumption of extending DST as changed in EPACT 2005 and found a reduction in total primary energy consumption of 0.02%.
    [Show full text]
  • Daylight Saving Time Name Redacted Analyst in Energy Policy Name Redacted Senior Research Librarian
    Daylight Saving Time name redacted Analyst in Energy Policy name redacted Senior Research Librarian May 29, 2018 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov R45208 Daylight Saving Time Summary Daylight Saving Time (DST) is a period of the year between spring and fall when clocks in most parts of the United States are set one hour ahead of standard time. The time period for DST begins on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November. The beginning and ending dates are set in statute. Congressional interest in the potential benefits and costs of DST has resulted in changes to DST observance since it was first adopted in the United States. The United States established standard time zones and DST through the Calder Act, also known as the Standard Time Act of 1918. The issue of consistency in time observance was further clarified by the Uniform Time Act of 1966. These laws as amended allow a state to exempt itself—or parts of the state that lie within a different time zone—from DST observance. These laws as amended also authorize the Department of Transportation (DOT) to regulate standard time zone boundaries and DST. The time period for DST was changed most recently in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-58). Congress has required several agencies to study the effects of changes in DST observance. In 1974, DOT reported that the potential benefits to energy conservation, traffic safety, and reductions in violent crime were minimal. In 2008, the Department of Energy assessed the potential effects to national energy consumption of an extended DST, and found a reduction in total primary energy consumption of 0.02%.
    [Show full text]
  • More States Moving to Keep Daylight Saving Time Permanent | Old Farmer's Almanac
    3/19/2021 More States Moving to Keep Daylight Saving Time Permanent | Old Farmer's Almanac MORE STATES MOVING TO KEEP DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME PERMANENT PLUS, DST IS NOT FOR FARMERS! By Catherine Boeckmann March 10, 2021 M.Vich/Shutterstock Last week, a group of bipartisan senators reintroduced the Sunshine Protection Act, legislation that would make Daylight Saving Time (DST) permanent across the country. This push to end the practice of clock- changing twice a year has been gaining momentum the past few years. Here’s the latest news on the time change. Daylight Saving Time (DST) begins on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November in the U.S. and Canada. In March, we “spring” forward and set clocks forward one hour. In November, we “fall” back and set clocks back one hour. Learn more about When Daylight Saving Time Begins and Ends. It’s a popular myth that Daylight Saving Time exists for farmers. This practice—which only became regular in 1966, suprisingly enough—was actually challenged by farmers and is being increasingly challenged by modern society today. The reasons that DST was started (as a wartime effort over a century ago) are now antiquated and many Americans find the twice-a-year “time change” makes little sense. In addition, there are many studies that show thSeu pnpegoartive impact of biannual time changes and the benefits of a year-round Daylight Saving Time. Latest Updates (March 2021) https://www.almanac.com/content/stopping-daylight-saving-time 1/7 3/19/2021 More States Moving to Keep Daylight Saving Time Permanent | Old Farmer's Almanac In March 2021, a bipartisan bill called the “Sunshine Protection Act of 2021” was submitted for consideration in the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • This Week in the Office of Senator Marco Rubio
    This Week in the Office of Senator Marco Rubio On Thursday, I chaired a Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee hearing on “U.S.- Venezuela Relations and the Path to a Democratic Transition.” In this critical time in Venezuela’s crisis, we must continue to work within our power to support Interim President Juan Guaidó and the Venezuelan people in the restoration of democracy. Read more here. El jueves, presidí una audiencia del Subcomité de Relaciones Exteriores para el Hemisferio Occidental, Delincuencia Transnacional, Seguridad Civil, Democracia, Derechos Humanos y Asuntos Globales de la Mujer, sobre la relación entre los EE.UU. y Venezuela y un camino hacia una transición democrática. En este momento crítico de la crisis en Venezuela, es importante que continuemos apoyando al Presidente Interino Juan Guaidó y al pueblo venezolano en la restauración de democracia. Lea más aquí. On Wednesday, I chaired a hearing titled “Small Business and the American Worker,” to explore ways we can empower our local communities and economies. Read more here. On Thursday, I joined Fox & Friends to discuss the crisis in Venezuela and the need to secure our southern border. Watch the interview here. On Tuesday, I named Hog Technologies of Stuart, Florida, the U.S. Senate Small Business of the Week. Their work in Florida is a great example of entrepreneurial success and dedication to our local communities. Read more here. On Wednesday, I was joined by Senator Rick Scott (R-FL) and U.S. Representative Vern Buchanan (R-FL) in introducing the Sunshine Protection Act. This legislation would make Daylight Saving Time (DST) permanent across the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 117 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 117 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 167 WASHINGTON, MONDAY, MARCH 1, 2021 No. 38 House of Representatives The House met at noon and was resources, a history founded on faith in REPLANT ACT IS PRACTICAL called to order by the Speaker pro tem- You and invested in the noble prin- LEGISLATION pore (Mr. BEYER). ciples of the American experiment. (Mr. PANETTA asked and was given f And yet, we confess that we have al- permission to address the House for 1 lowed these endowments to be de- minute and to revise and extend his re- DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO stroyed by moths of malice and mis- TEMPORE marks.) direction. We acknowledge before You Mr. PANETTA. Madam Speaker, The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- that we have tolerated and even taken what I am about to show you are the fore the House the following commu- delight in the corrosive rust of rival- examples of the cycle of destruction nication from the Speaker: ries and debate. from the climate crisis in my home dis- WASHINGTON, DC, Forgive us for taking for granted the trict on the central coast of California. March 1, 2021. precious gifts of life, liberty, and hap- Last year, my district was victim to I hereby appoint the Honorable DONALD S. piness, and letting them slip from our a brutal wildfire season in which al- BEYER, Jr. to act as Speaker pro tempore on care, only to be stolen by pride and most 650,000 acres were burned.
    [Show full text]
  • Capitol Perceptions Is Compiled Weekly During the Florida Legislative Session and Distributed to AFC Members
    February 19, 2018 Week Six Session Summary February 12 - 16, 2018 Your Weekly Legislative Update Legislative Session 2018 In This Issue... 1. Budget Update 2. Constitutional Revision Commission Update 3. The Community College Competitiveness Act 4. The Florida Excellence in Higher Education Act of 2018 2018 Legislative Session - Week 6 - February 12 - 16, 2018 Budget Update – See Summary Budget Side-by-Side Below: Constitutional Revision Commission (CRC) Update The 37-member panel convenes every 20 years. Any changes it ultimately approves still must go on the 2018 statewide ballot and gain 60 percent approval to be added to the constitution.The CRC is traveling the State of Florida to listen to input from Floridians about potential changes to the Florida Constitution. The next CRC stop is at University of North Florida, Herbert University Center on February 20th. All interested persons are invited to attend CRC public hearings and speak to Commissioners about their ideas for revising the Florida Constitution. If you’d like to speak before the CRC at a public hearing, please complete an appearance form and bring your copy to the meeting. Forms will also be available to complete at the meeting location. To find a meeting location near you visit: https://www.flcrc.gov/Meetings/PublicHearings. The Education Committee of the CRC voted and approved, on 1/26/18, Commissioner Nicole Washington’s Proposal 83. Proposal 83, linked below codifies the Florida College System into the state constitution, and re-affirms that the State Board of Education shall provide its oversight (same as currently). Both K-12 and the State University System are similarly codified in the State Constitution.
    [Show full text]
  • Do We Still Need Daylight Saving Time? | MNN - Mother Nature Network MOTHER NATURE NETWORK
    12/11/2019 Do we still need daylight saving time? | MNN - Mother Nature Network MOTHER NATURE NETWORK Do we still need daylight saving time? Everyone is weighing in on the debate. BENYAMIN COHEN April 24, 2019, 10:56 a.m. For nearly a century, Americans have been springing forward and falling back, and this year will be no dierent. Daylight saving time (DST) is the seasonal surprise that borrows an hour from our circadian rhythm in the spring and gives it back in the fall. But whether or not we should disrupt the rhythm at all has spurred passionate debate from many disparate groups. To better understand the situation, it's best to look at why we do these annual clock changes. Agrarian cultures built their societies around sunlight, waking up with the sun to toil in the eld and heading home as the sun lowered beneath the horizon. But the industrial revolution brought with it the freedom to unshackle us from nature's clock. As long ago as 1897, countries around the world began instituting daylight saving time, adding an hour of sunlight to the afternoon. This meant communities could be more productive — people could work longer, and when work was done it was still bright enough to run errands and stimulate the economy. The added daylight also meant more exposure to vitamin D and the added time for people to exercise outdoors. Everyone from factory owners to retailers embraced the change. Even the candy lobby supported the new system, guring the extra hour of sunlight meant it would be safer for kids to go trick-or-treating on Halloween.
    [Show full text]
  • Government Accountability Committee 18 Y, 0 N Rivera Williamson
    HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES STAFF ANALYSIS BILL #: HB 1013 Daylight Saving Time SPONSOR(S): Nuñez, Fitzenhagen and others TIED BILLS: IDEN./SIM. BILLS: CS/SB 858 REFERENCE ACTION ANALYST STAFF DIRECTOR or BUDGET/POLICY CHIEF 1) Local, Federal & Veterans Affairs Subcommittee 11 Y, 0 N Rivera Miller 2) Government Accountability Committee 18 Y, 0 N Rivera Williamson SUMMARY ANALYSIS The United States Congress established a uniform standard of time, created standard time zones across the U.S., and adopted a national standard for Daylight Saving Time (DST) under the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (Act). The Act creates nine time zones and defines DST as the advancement of time by one hour from the second Sunday in March to the first Sunday in November. States may exempt themselves from observing DST and instead observe standard time year-round if certain conditions are met. The bill declares the Legislature’s intent to observe DST year-round throughout the entire state if federal law is amended to permit states to take such action. This document does not reflect the intent or official position of the bill sponsor or House of Representatives. STORAGE NAME: h1013c.GAC DATE: 2/1/2018 FULL ANALYSIS I. SUBSTANTIVE ANALYSIS A. EFFECT OF PROPOSED CHANGES: Present Situation The Standard Time Act of 1918 In 1918, the United States enacted the Standard Time Act, which adopted a national standard measure of time, created five standard time zones across the continental U.S., and instituted Daylight Saving Time (DST) nationwide as a war effort during World War
    [Show full text]
  • Daylight Saving Time
    Members Brief An informational brief prepared by the LSC staff for members and staff of the Ohio General Assembly Author: Helena Volzer, Attorney Volume 133 Issue 40 Reviewer: Bill Rowland, Division Chief November 5, 2020 Daylight Saving Time Daylight saving time (DST) is the federally mandated period (from March to November) during which time is advanced by one hour and standard time is not observed. Under federal law, states may opt out of DST and adopt permanent standard time. However, federal law precludes the adoption of permanent DST by the states. Thus, an act of Congress is required to allow states to adopt permanent DST. Contents Introduction: what is daylight saving time? ................................................................................... 1 Figure 1: Daylight saving time and standard time ...................................................................... 2 History of daylight saving time ....................................................................................................... 2 Figure 2: Timeline of daylight saving time development ............................................................ 3 State legislation on DST .................................................................................................................. 3 Figure 3: 2020 state legislative action regarding DST ................................................................. 4 Constitutionality of permanent DST state legislation ................................................................. 5 Federal action on DST
    [Show full text]
  • Let There Be Light: Who Gets to Play God with Our Daylight?
    NOTE LET THERE BE LIGHT: WHO GETS TO PLAY GOD WITH OUR DAYLIGHT? I. INTRODUCTION Twice each year in the United States, the majority of the population endures a legislative manipulation of time, endearingly known as Daylight Saving Time (“DST”).1 Like clockwork, every March and November, journalists flock to their editors with articles ranting and raving about the hardships and/or delights associated with the time shift.2 For many, however, the physical and mental toll of this measly one-hour swing is more than they are willing to handle,3 and, as a result, many state legislatures and lobbyists are seeking changes.4 There are two primary solutions put forth by those who take issue with the changing of the clock: (1) stop it altogether and return to standard time,5 or (2) adopt DST permanently.6 1. See Time Change 2020 in the United States, TIMEANDDATE.COM, https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/usa (last visited July 10, 2020) (stating the clocks moved forward to DST on March 8th and reverted to standard time on November 1st in 2020). 2. Compare Harry Enten, Complaining About the Change to Daylight Saving Time? You’re in the Minority., CNN (Mar. 10, 2018, 4:36 PM), https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/10/politics/america-stop-complaining-daylight-saving-time/index.ht ml (“The majority of people . actually aren’t disrupted at all by DST.”), with Dave Mosher, Daylight Saving Time Begins on Sunday, and You Should Be Furious, BUS. INSIDER (Mar. 10, 2018, 10:24 AM), https://www.businessinsider.com/when-does-daylight-savings-time-start-march-2018-3 (“[M]any Americans believe the practice is not worth the hassle, and studies suggest it may cause more problems than it solves.”).
    [Show full text]
  • The 'Horse Whisperer'
    Project1:Layout 1 6/10/2014 1:13 PM Page 1 NHL: Lightning knock off rival Panthers / B1 MONDAY TODAY CITRUSCOUNTY & next morning HIGH 71 Partly cloudy and LOW cool with a few sprinkles. 50 PAGE A4 www.chronicleonline.com MARCH 22, 2021 Florida’s Best Community Newspaper Serving Florida’s Best Community $1 VOL. 126 ISSUE 165 COUNTY COVID-19 BOCC UPATE Citrus County The ‘horse COVID cases mulls still going up According to the Florida Department of impact Health, 59 positive cases were reported whisperer’ in Citrus County since the latest update. fees No new deaths were reported, for a total of 420. To date in the Public hearing county, 10,156 people have tested positive (including is 2 p.m. 85 non-residents). One new hospital- ization was reported, March 23 for a total of 658 hospitalized. MICHAEL D. Totals reflect prelim- BATES inary reports received Staff writer by the state, and are Mariah Harris’ infectious smile spreads across the Citrus subject to revision. Impact fees will take County Fairgrounds livestock pavilion Sunday. center stage at Tuesday’s DOH-Citrus county commission Mariah Harris, 22, spends time with her mini-horse Gypsy meeting. vaccine Sunday afternoon at the Citrus County Fairgrounds Specifically: commis- registration livestock pavilion. The two wait to compete in the horse Photos by Matthew Beck sioners will decide system open show outside the complex. whether to raise them, lower them or keep them DOH-Citrus’ prereg- as is. istration system to There are eight impact schedule COVID-19 fee categories collected in vaccine appointments Citrus County: roads, for individuals 50 and schools, libraries, fire, older and frontline law enforcement, parks, health care workers is emergency medical ser- now available.
    [Show full text]
  • E-Edition Get to @Hoganlovellscareersus @Hoganlovellscareers.Us Know Us
    2020 e-Edition Get to @HoganLovellsCareersUS @hoganlovellscareers.us know us. linkedin.com/company/hoganlovells How are we different hoganlovells.com/careers.us from other law firms? Well, it’s our dynamic spirit that hits you from the get-go. The feeling of trust; of sharing knowledge to help us all power forward. The deep relationships we forge with clients and with each other, to create a community that buzzes with promise. A community where, above all, you can always be yourself. Hogan Lovells is an international legal practice that includes Hogan Lovells International LLP, Hogan Lovells US LLP and their affiliated businesses. Images of people may feature current or former lawyers and employees at Hogan Lovells or models not connected with the firm. www.hoganlovells.com © Hogan Lovells 2020. All rights reserved. 05625 SPARKING NEW IDEAS. To be inspired by ingenuity and innovation is to challenge the status quo and push great ideas forward. With more than 575 lawyers in 17 offices practicing in 40 areas of law, we serve our clients globally and stand ready to meet their most challenging legal needs. And that takes a special culture. A foundation built on teamwork and client service. United in a spirit of cooperation. Strengthened with experience and character. Austin Charlotte Chicago Dallas Denver Fort Worth Houston London Mexico City New York haynesboone.com Orange County Palo Alto Richardson San Antonio Shanghai The Woodlands Washington, D.C. © 2019 Haynes and Boone, LLP Practice Areas Advertising litigation – Kramer Levin p.85 Insurance
    [Show full text]