The Value of Volunteers Imagine How Many Needs Would Go Unanswered Without Volunteers

The value of volunteers Imagine how many needs would go unanswered without volunteers

www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. A publication of the Red Cross Red Crescent Academic Network, January 2011

For more information on this report, please contact:

Youth Action and Volunteering Development department International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies E-mail: [email protected]

© International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Geneva, 2011 Copies of all or part of this study may be made for noncommercial use, P.O. Box 372 providing the source is acknowledged The IFRC would appreciate re- CH-1211 Geneva 19 ceiving details of its use. Requests for commercial reproduction should Switzerland be directed to the IFRC at [email protected]@ifrc.org. Telephone: +41 22 730 4222 Telefax: +41 22 733 0395 The opinions and recommendations expressed in this study do not E-mail: [email protected] necessarily represent the official policy of the IFRC or of individual Na- Web site: http://www.ifrc.org tional Red Cross or Red Crescent Societies. The designations and maps used do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of Cover photo: Rob Few/IFRC the International Federation or National Societies concerning the legal status of a territory or of its authorities. All photos used in this study are copyright of the IFRC unless otherwise indicated. Foreword Table 2011 /January volunteers of value The of Red Cross Red Crescent volunteers Key findings theof economic and social value economicthe value of volunteers Methodology for calculating Introduction Executive summary Abbreviations Annex summary of EconomicAnnex summary Value Survey People at the heart of humanitarian action People of humanitarian at heart the Economic value Social value of volunteers

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IFRC

Katherine Mueller/IFRC

Gene Dailey/American Red Cross

IFRC Bruce Liron / British Red Cross this study was based on the ILO’s the on based was study this for The methodology future. in use to IFRC for the baseline a prepare and ology develop to method a commissioned was Global Development Dalberg Advisors M community. the by of resources mobilization development the root in tackling causes ofthe and through furthering suffering more,notless, the invest to of opportunity value an offers it The that is volunteernetwork IFRC volunteers. by provided not were services if paid be to have ofstudies It volunteer amountthe makes visible activities. of money that would and retention. It is based senton surveys to National and Societies includes case evolutionvolunteerofrecruitment the track a to forsubsequent studies baseline provides It project. measurement volunteer Studies Society Civil for Center University Hopkins Johns the and (ILO) Organization Red Labour and International the Cross Red of value with aligned is that social methodology rigorous a on and based is It volunteers. Crescent economic the describes report This 186 National Societies. in based volunteers with network, development and humanitarian largest world’s the is (IFRC) Societies Crescent Red and Cross Red of Federation International The Introduction views with organizations that have engaged with Red Cross or Red Crescent Crescent Red or Cross areas. programatic Red volunteers in with engaged have that organizations with views inter qualitative on based is value social the data, quantative on focuses teers volun This of value economic the volunteers. Thoughonly. volunteers and active on donors focuses study blood members, including supporters, of kinds different many has Movement Crescent Red and Cross Red International The • • • • on fourquestions variables: with Society National Crescent Red and Cross Red every to sent was survey A E Societies (54 per cent vs. 46 per cent) overall, though this ratio varies by region. by varies ratio this though cent) per overall, cent 46 per vs. (54 Societies National Crescent Red Cross Red forvolunteer men than women more Slightly and recovery, services. support and general then response preparedness, disaster by followed services; and treatment promotion, health to related were – value of proportion greatest the and – volunteers most the fields, multiple across work volunteers many While 2009 in services on earth. worldwide, person volunteer or US nearlyfor cents 90 every of worth dollars US billion 6 nearly donated teers volun Crescent Red Cross Red Active Movement. Crescent Red and Cross Red worldInternational volunteer for the the around people thousand Twoevery in conomic value of volunteers ethodology the type of work performed type the the volunteerperformed is workin fieldwhich the number ofvolunteered hours the number of volunteersthe Manual on the Measurement of Volunteer WorkVolunteer of Measurement the on Manual - - - - . 7 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 8 The value of volunteers / A publication of the Red Cross Red Crescent Academic Network, January 2011 they learn, and have a strong sense of belonging to a caring organization. organization. acaring to of andhave belonging sense astrong learn, they skills new the community, their in people from get acknowledgementthey the offersociety. to They proudhelp value to haveare and to something something Valuevolunteerthe for Asia. andEast Asia South-East Africa, sub-Saharan are staff to volunteersof ratio highest the with regions The staff. of member paid every to volunteers 20 of average median a with 2,000, and 1 between of factor a by workforce paid networks. the Volunteersextend volunteer their of support the without services essential deliver to Value for the organization inclusion and integration. of social means a as serve can Itsociety. a in life of quality and capital social solidarity, social enhances It difference. a make and engaged be can they where ronment an envi It with and them provides encourages people to be citizens responsible Value for the community: of atis community-building. heart the Voluntary service for volunteers themselves. the Red Crescent generates valuesocial for the community, for the organization and Cross Red the for volunteering dollars, donorfor value providing to addition In S and customs. culture local of understanding and knowledge community through services quality of the improve as well as workforce paid the of reach the extend to port sup invaluable provide truly Volunteers limited. severely is services to access people remotest the vulnerable to in areas peopleassist reach whoseand serve to capacity their and have volunteers these that impact the is significant more unteer for Red and Cross Red Crescent WhatNational Societies. is possibly even vol world the in people thousand every Two in globe. the of corners remotest the in strikes whendisaster respond to ability their to key spread is their geographic whilst impressive, is reported volunteers of number the million, 13.1 At much go dollars further. donorand development excellentreturns yields community in investment that knowledge the reinforces This Asia. South-East and Africa sub-Saharan in case the particularly is This significantly. workforce global Crescent Red Cross Red the extends volunteers to staff paid of ratio the that indicates also report The and measles. polio as such initiatives health to contribution their accurately more measure playteers rolean central increasingly in health and volun development, we Crescent are able Red to and Cross Red As health. which is in engaged are area volunteers the most disasters, in role its for mostly known is Crescent Red and Cross Red the whilst that reflect findings the example, Forevolve. and grow to continues volunteering as expanded updatedand be continueto mentwill that but also that Movement, it is a globalCrescent funda principle for Red civic action. a The and is report a working is docu Cross Red service International the of voluntary principle that mental fact the emphasizes only not report This C ocial value of volunteers onclusion : Volunteers confirm that they are pleased to be able to do to able be to pleased are they that Volunteersconfirm : : Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies would not and Crescent Red Societies ablebe : Cross Red ------ther the humanitarian agenda. humanitarian the ther fur and development expand to partners other and sector private the ments, govern with closely more working also whilst involved, are volunteers which in work the improving and designing in playmust Crescent Red and Cross Red the that role important the highlight further report this in findings the Finally, volunteers. existing motivate andretain to thoserelated tocontinuing community-level local volunteers, whilst cifically spe volunteer management systems, expand and grow to need a to points also This meaningfully. contribute can volunteers all recogni that so – promotion protection, and – tion development volunteering of pillars three on focusing by volunteers for environment enabling an ensuring to committed is IFRC The - - - - 9 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Rob Few/IFRC 10 The value of volunteers / A publication of the Red Cross Red Crescent Academic Network, January 2011 Introduct January 2011 /January volunteers of value The i on

Benoit Matsha-Carpentier / IFRC relate to one directly of strategic the three aims. orderin to capture the volunteer work that does not support –was services added to the methodology Strategy 2020 four fieldsthewithtie in strategic theaims of IFRC’s have been categorized into four fields. Three theof broad range of services. For analytical purposes these prompted any in manner by desire for gain”. states that avoluntary it “is relief movement not Cross and Red Crescent Movement. This principle principles a culture of peace around the world. reduce vulnerabilities, strengthen resilience and foster healthier and safer communities, the IFRC helps development, responding to disasters, and supporting humanitarian standards, working as in partners the interest of vulnerable people. By improving community-based and ability expertise to represent political opinions. nationality, race, gender, religious beliefs, class or of vulnerable people, without discrimination as to peacetime to meet the needs and improve the lives countries work during disasters, emergencies and Red Crescent Societies and their volunteers 186 in humanitarian network. National Red Cross and was 1859. in born The IFRC the is world’s largest International Red Cross Red Crescent Movement strengthen community capacities. development work to reduce vulnerabilities and those affected by disasters, and combines with this world. The IFRC out carries relief operations to assist and promotion of human and dignity peace the in suffering, thereby, contributing to the maintenance aview towith preventing and alleviating human forms of humanitarian activities by National Societies, encourage, facilitate and promote at all times all Red Crescent Societies’ (IFRC) vision to is inspire, Red Cross Red Crescent volunteers work on a Voluntary one is service of the seven fundamental The IFRC’s lies strength its in volunteer network, The idea original that became today’s The International Federation of Red Cross and 1 that bind together the International Red . Afourth cross-cutting field – general 1.

universality. and unity service, voluntary independence, neutrality, impartiality, humanity, are: principles fundamental seven The work. humanitarian its and Movement Crescent and Red Cross Red International of the continuity the guarantee principles fundamental 1965, the in in Vienna Proclaimed 11 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 12 The value of volunteers / A publication of the Red Cross Red Crescent Academic Network, January 2011 tices on how to deal with an emergency and supporting the rebuilding of the the of infrastructure. rebuilding the supporting and emergency an with deal to how on tices recovery the During phase. recovery phase, volunteers the also help to resilience, teaching prac better build community during and occurs disaster a after immediately support psychosocial give also They disease. prevent to hygiene promoting and houses building distribution, food to rescue, and search efforts with help response of frontline the at are volunteers occurs, disaster a When and trained by action volunteers. organized early for preparedness with starts management crisis and disaster Systematic capacities. and vulnerabilities needs, on-the-ground of understanding continuous a have volunteers Crescent Red and Cross Red ties, communi local their of part As capacity-building. and livelihoods of building by affected people million support, include response, psychosocial emergency 30 Activities disasters. natural around to year each provided assistance with IFRC’s work,of the portion largest represent the to continues response Disaster and strengthen recovery from disastersandcrises Strategic aim1: Savelives,protect livelihoods, sory functions. sory or advi governance administrative, mobilization, resource in of services, livery de the in occasionally or regularly skills and time their contribute Volunteers Society. National their of statutes the and principles fundamental the abide by locally of and volunteers, to who members network have agreed with or branches units organized nationwide its is Society National strong a of heart the At society. mainstream with to interact effectively ofgroups vulnerable ability the improve to measures includes also It exploitation. and abuse by affected those for assistance and protection as well advocacy, as and representation services, to access and needs basic with help practical includes This people. vulnerable by experienced neglect and isolation the reduce and attitudes, social change to ways of number a in proactively work volunteers Crescent Red and Cross Red a culture ofnon-violenceandpeace Strategic aim3: Promote socialinclusionand environment. of the respectful also is that or where reduce possible the so risks that maythey enjoy and better safer living prevent to and possible, as healthy as be to people helping resilience. by achieved is This community strengthening through is development sustainable to public contribution specific Our emergencies. and and during peacetime in health services primary to have communities under-served in people that access the to expand national governments their role with havealso a public auxiliary Societies National empowerment. community enabling and care psychosocial providing stigma, promotion health and prevention, addressing in programmes control, epidemic as well as response, emergency and aid first as such tivities ac long-standing includes and diverse is health of area the in work IFRC’sThe Strategic aim2: Enablehealthyandsafeliving - - - - - Marko Kokic/ICRC 13 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 14 The value of volunteers / A publication of the Red Cross Red Crescent Academic Network, January 2011 econom Me calcula t hodology hodology volunteers i c value of of value c January 2011 /January volunteers of value The t ing ing f t or or he he

Hedinn Halldorsson/IFRC • • The number did not include: • • • • The number people included who: all sible out-of-pocket such as expenses. - pos be still may exchange monetary of forms some although unpaid, is work The 2009. during hours 4 least at for Society National a of services of delivery the support to who worked Peoplehas freely volunteering person a to timerefers survey: the with volunteer provided was active an of 4 definition least following The at 2009?”. in for Society time National your in hours volunteered people many “How was question survey The N 57 cent National Societies. per of all a 23 with total samplecountries size of 107 Nationalwhich represents Societies, yielded a This second total numbersurvey of active volunteers for an additional 2009. in time volunteered who people of number total the about same question the first asked which (FWRS), system reporting Federation-wide the for cise exer pilot a conducted IFRC the tandem, In survey. the to responded Societies National Eighty-four fax. a and for – survey web-based a using Spanish weeks and seven of period Russian French, English, Arabic, – languages five in able avail was questionnaire survey The performed. work of types the and work of field the volunteered, questions hours the volunteers, of substantive proportions Global and ten numbers about Dalberg contained It IFRC. between the and collaboration Advisors of Development result the was design survey The S Equivalent Time Full determine to aggregated was information This • • • • on four questions variables: Labour with CrescentNational Societies Red International Society the Civil for on Studies volunteerCenter measurement project. was A sentsurvey to 186 University Red based Cross and Hopkins was Johns the and study (ILO) Organization this for methodology The wage by type of work from the ILO’s labour statistics database (LABORSTA), (LABORSTA), database US into dollars. converted then statistics labour ILO’s the from work of type by wage median benchmark regional a by multiplied then and work of type by unteers

all peoplewhohave volunteered forlessthan4hoursduring2009. blood donationswillbeincluded inaseparate future report blood donors as they are not globally defined as volunteers and information on during 2009(ifdatawas available) hours 4 of minimum a volunteered who networks youth the involvedwerein contributed tofund-raising initiatives foraminimum of4hoursduring2009 ring bothinternationalanddomesticactivities coveSociety - National a with 2009 during hours 4 of minimum a volunteered offices, and headquarters), even if they are independent from the headquarters chapters,localincludebranches, intermediatecan andthisregional – munity com the directlywithworksubdivisions (NationalSocietythat units local its volunteered a minimum of 4 hours during 2009 from both the headquarters and the typeofwork performed the fieldinwhich the volunteer work isperformed the number ofhoursvolunteered the number ofvolunteers urvey design and sample size sample and design urvey umber ofumber volunteers 3 2 (FTE) vol (FTE) - - - - 3. 2.

National Societies. National of their members be not may or may volunteers Crescent Red Cross Red election. for to stand and bodies, governing on representatives to elect entitled usually is and rule, or constitution Society’s National the under required as membership of toconditions the agreed formally has who a person is member Crescent Red Cross A Red regularly. or occasionally Society, Crescent Red or Cross Red a for National activities volunteering out carries who ais person volunteer Crescent Red Cross A Red month. per of 160 hours maximum benchmark wage to a leads which holiday), 24 and a year days holiday a2 month days means (this day per 8 hours and 2010 in August days week 20 counted team research the service, of voluntary amount FTE the calculate To html#ixzz16HwX8o5o. time-equivalent-FTE. com/definition/full- www.businessdictionary. http:// period.” in that hours of working number by the a period during [worked] of hours number of total “Ratio is (FTE) Equivalent Full Time 15 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 16 The value of volunteers / A publication of the Red Cross Red Crescent Academic Network, January 2011 T Four groups of volunteer services were defined, based on the three strategic strategic IFRC’s three the the of on aims based defined, were services volunteer of groups Four work performed is T 2010. September in National Societies sent the was to survey the 2010 as itmost August recent the monthselected was completedwas when full • • questions: two asked were National Societies teers, volun Crescent Red Cross Red the of value economic the calculate to order In • • • • group. They are: lunteered perregular volunteer withyour NationalSocietyin August 2010? below,listed services of groups werevofour hours - the manyhow of each for so in August 2010? how many people who regularly volunteer time with your National Society did services),support generalpreparedness, and ter inclusion social of promotion disas - promotion, (health below listed services of groups four the of each for general supportservices. promotion ofsocialinclusionandaculture ofnon-violenceandpeace health promotion, treatment andsocialservices disaster preparedness, response andrecovery he number of hours volunteered ofhe number hours he field in which the volunteerhe fieldthe in which Strategy 2020 Strategy , plus a cross-cutting general support services services support general cross-cutting a plus , -

Falko Siewert / German Red Cross Overview of groups of services of Table groups of 1: Overview services General support peace non-violence and and aculture of social inclusion, Promotion of social services treatment and Health promotion, recovery response and preparedness, Disaster services Groups of • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • within eachgroup Description ofservices Social mobilizationandadvocacy Promotion ofpeace, tolerance anddiversity Volunteering promotion anddevelopment migrants Social integration activities, e.g. forrefugees and Strengthening ofcivil society and drugusers Social services, e.g. care fortheelderly, homeless Road safetyprogrammes Managing water andsanitationprogrammes First-aid services Home-based care andtreatment Education andtraining forbehavioural change vaccines Prevention programmes (non-educational), e.g. Disease control, e.g. forinfectiousdiseases and newborn health malaria, TB, heartdisease, stroke, andmaternal Clinical treatment andcare forHIVand AIDS, goods andservices, e.g. foodandwater Distribution ofemergency relief andrecovery Shelter settlementprogramming Support toorphans andvulnerable children Disaster awareness activities andeducation Hazard monitoringandearly warning Disaster riskreduction andrestoring livelihoods Restoring family links Psychosocial support Disaster preparedness, e.g. planningactivities Internal training Volunteer recruitment andmanagement Short-term programme support Human resources Administrative support, e.g. accounting National Societyleadership, e.g. board members Fund-raising 17 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 18 The value of volunteers / A publication of the Red Cross Red Crescent Academic Network, January 2011 services General support peace non-violence and and aculture of social inclusion, Promotion of social services treatment and Health promotion, recovery response and preparedness, Disaster services Groups of • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • volunteer skillsneeded Examples ofspecialized Social worker withdegree/ certification Lawyer professional International HumanitarianLaw professor) Education specialist(teacher, Social worker withdegree/certification First-aid instructor Mental healthspecialist sanitation support) technicianEngineer/ (e.g. water and Senior researcher Medical professional (nurse) Urban planner Construction project manager Architect Agronomist Engineer coordinatorLogistical Psychologist mobilization specialist Communications/marketing/ resource Human Resources specialist Accountant president) Leadership function(board member, back to the total number of volunteers in the country. number the of volunteers total in back the to segments all across numberofvolunteers total the scaled then researchers the year, full the in than number ofAugust total volunteers in a higher yielded this counttotal the teer in for where each In instances of ofgroups two the services. preparedness),disaster to National include were Societies volun instructed this (e.g.and health groupservices of second and a first a both in engaged is unteer vol a If performed. work of type the on based volunteers general and cialized the percentage spe breakdown between specify were asked Societies to further National wages, benchmark for classifications industry best-fit the Toidentify T volunteer work volunteer of type the toperform required sets skill of Table Examples 2: he type of work performed he type • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • needed volunteer skills Examples ofgeneral certification Social worker withoutdegree/ Youth outreach Programme support Community advocate Community organizer assistant Administrative support/office certification Social worker withoutdegree/ Programme support Community-based healthworker Non- technical medicalsupport assistant Administrative support/office Surveyor Information manager Programme support Truck ortaxidriver assistant Administrative support/office Volunteer trainer Volunteering recruitment Volunteer management Local fund-raiser Administrative support - - - ILO labour statistics database job codes job database Table statistics ILO labour 3: ensure and outliers remove to data, consistency. with those even groups, respective in the Societies National all to applied then were wages median the and work, of work type by of volunteers (FTE) types Equivalent and Time Full the fields determine to hours, analysed was numbers, volunteering on information The table.lowing fol the in featured professions wage benchmark on based work, volunteer of for selected each types then wage ofeightwas category the median the groups, opment index (i.e.(HDI) low, medium, high and high HDI). very For each of these devel human etc.) the by Asia, and South-East Carribean, Europe, western and countries were All grouped by geography (sub-Saharan central, southern Africa, volunteer work doing for someone do the that is to the no pay. hire to cost ofvolunteer hours work what the to it would replacement assigning the by cost establishes which method, estimation cost” replacement “full the use to cided de was it volunteers, by provided work the of value economic the To establish of volunteer work E services General support peace non-violence and and aculture of social inclusion, Promotion of social services treatment and Health promotion, recovery response and preparedness, Disaster services Groups of stablishing the economic value economic the stablishing • • • • • • • • • • wage level Specialized benchmark Mathematics teacher (tertiary) Mathematics teacher (secondary) Secondary level teacher Professional nurse (general) Building electrician Petroleum engineer Chemical engineer engineer Power distributionandtransmission Bank teller Accountant • • • • Building painter Labourer Ambulance driver • • • • wage level General benchmark (secondary) Teacher inlanguages andliterature Primary level teacher Ambulance driver Auxiliary nurse Stenographer typist Stock records clerk Office clerk(private) Office clerk(public) - - - 19 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 20 The value of volunteers / A publication of the Red Cross Red Crescent Academic Network, January 2011 taset. All extrapolations to do with benchmark wage rates are based on me on based grouping. andHDI are ageographic within rates dians wage benchmark with do to extrapolations All taset. da entire the of averages on based are work of types and hours volunteers, of same geography and HDI. This means that to all extrapolations do number with the in countries between rates wage of are, benchmark between There correlations course, significant. statistically were that volunteering for any find correlations not did but size, population and ranking index development human grouping, geographic by correlations for data the analysed team research The E • • • C volunteer serviceinthe future. of value the calculate accuratelymore to us allowindicators, will and it tions defini- of standardset a using place in volunteeragreedsystem uniform an is therewhen that is apparentSocieties responsesbyis National fromthe What of volunteers. was not captured in the survey and therefore was not deducted from the value Some National Societies pay a small allowance to volunteers. This information validated. All data sets in this report were self-reported by the National Societies and not xtrapolations onsiderations - - 21 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Olav A. Saltbones/Norwegian Red Cross Yoshi Shimizu/IFRC 22 The value of volunteers / A publication of the Red Cross Red Crescent Academic Network, January 2011 R ed ed the econom the C ross ross Key f Key soc R i al value al ed ed i volun nd January 2011 /January volunteers of value The C i rescen n i c and and c g t s of of s eers eers o t f

Center of Excellence in East Africa East in Excellence of Center In the words of Ishahilidza Amadi, Director of the Regional Disaster Management involvement. of duties democratic the learn an and whereenvironment be provides with them can responsible they citizens Voluntaryis atservice the heart of community-building. It encourages people to T volunteers themselves. the value forand Crescent for generates community,social the for organization the In addition to valueproviding for money, volunteering for the Red Cross and Red S • • • • • • worldwide population: the to responses survey the on extrapolating Based E world.of the population the to extrapolate to is team research the of recommendation The • • • extrapolate: to run be also can of calculations aseries addition, In region. by region key findings worldwide, lists unteers andthen vol active Crescent Red Cross Red all of overview an with starts It volunteers. value economic of the and Red Crescent social Red Cross describes section This elections where they elect their own leaders. They have a constitution, election leaders. election Theyown have constitution, a their elect where they elections nal” qualityservicetotheircommunities. structured. Red Cross Red Crescent volunteers are seen to provide a “professio- welland values,organizedis and participation principles their of that set and organizationspartner observe CrossRed that CrescentRed volunteers share a Asia andEast Asia with the highest ratio of volunteers to staff are sub-Saharan Africa, South-East staff.of member regions Thepaid every to volunteers 20 averageof median a volunteersworkforcepaid the extend bybetween of 2,000,factor and a 1 with Societies (54percentvs. 46 percent) Crescent Red and Cross Red the volunteerfor men womenthan moreslightly in socialinclusion then general support services. Fewest Red Cross Red Crescent volunteers work recovery,and and response preparedness, disaster by followed services; and the greatest proportion of value – were related to health promotion, treatment manyvolunteersworkwhile acrossmultiplefields, and – most volunteers the the world worldwide,volunteer2010 in services everyto cents in nearlyUS person or 90 Red Cross Red Crescent volunteers donated nearly 6 billion US dollars worth of Movement worldwide Crescent Red and Cross Red the for volunteer people thousand every in two extrapolation tothepopulationofworld. deration-wide reporting systempilotsurvey) IFRC’s(Economic the surveysValue of 2010 Feboth and- Surveyto responded economic value of Red Cross Red Crescent volunteers in the 107 countries who the 84countriesthatresponded totheEconomic Value Survey (EVS) economic value and characteristics of Red Cross Red Crescent volunteers from he value of volunteers community for the ocial value of volunteers conomic value 4 : “The Red Cross is a good model. They holdThey model. good a is Cross Red “The : - 4.

2010 21on November interview an from www.rdncoe.org 23 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 24 The value of volunteers / A publication of the Red Cross Red Crescent Academic Network, January 2011 5. Latin America Latin Caribbean Pacific Asia East South-East Asia Asia South US andCanada Caucasus, Asia Central Southern the Europe, TurkeyEastern and Europe and western southern Central, Africa East/North Middle Africa Sub-Saharan

FTE paidstaff Ratio ofvolunteersto Volunteering, Spain Volunteering, on Observatory National Expert, Cedena, Beatriz Ms Belarus; Committee, Executive of Mogilev Department of Ideology Head Deputy First Ponizovich, Sergeevna Ludmila Ms UNICEF, Jamaica; Specialist, Protection Child Quallo, Cupidon Janet Ms External partners External people.” of the needs attend the to to advocatingfor government as well the as themselves for things do to community local the involve they Red that the is about Cross admire I What in. built mechanism resolution conflict a rules, to paid staff (FTE) staff to paid volunteers Crescent Red Cross Red of Table Ratio 4: Asia. andEast South-East Asia ratio highest the of Thewith volunteersAfrica, are to sub-Saharan regions staff paid every to volunteers 20 of average median a member of staff. with 2,000, and 1 be of factor a tween by workforce paid the extend volunteers period, survey the In volunteer network. of their support the without services essential deliver not could Societies National Crescent Red Cross Red T service to their communities. their to service quality “professional” a provide to seen are volunteers Crescent Red Cross Red short, In structured. and organized well is participation and their that and principles values, of set a share volunteers Crescent Red Cross Red that observe organizations Partner decades. many Movementover the to commitment term long- their is volunteers other from volunteers Crescent Red Cross Red guishes he value of volunteers for the organization he value of volunteers organization for the Mean average 5 from Jamaica, Spain and Belarus confirm that what distin what that confirm Belarus and Spain Jamaica, from 432.54 118.77 327.16 32.64 15.88 23.07 11.04 45.65 18.13 19.65 35.17 Max. 1,935.52 302.68 106.06 852.65 58.18 37.50 147.87 33.98 70.00 20.59 21.75 Min. 4.86 4.44 3.00 12.43 14.64 1.49 19.26 14.52 0.72 4.43 1.50 - - • • • • • Africa North and East Middle of choice. language households their in interview to able were foreign-born and local- both were and who emblem” volunteers that Cross Red the in trust has community “the because volunteers Cross Red by accessed effectively most be could study the for required mation the infor of vital the that University recognized the Department and Migration Forced Witwatersrand’s (OCHA) for Affairs Office The Humanitarian of attacks. Coordination similar the prevent to ways effective most the finding at aimed study a in participate to approached of was Township Cross Red the Alexandra Johannesburg, the in attacks motivated racially 2008 the Following trust is the key to tackling sensitive issues Cross Red South – African • • • • • Africa Sub-Saharan profiles Regional organization. acaring to of belonging sense strong a have they and learnt have they skills new the for community their in people by acknowledged are they that society, offer to something have to proud help, Red Cross Red study, after thattheyarestudy pleased tobe ableCrescent to volunteersto confirm dosomething in and testimonials studies, case Through instincts. human ofnoble and basic most the among is need in others Helping T that forevery paidmemberofstaff, there are 35volunteers. meaning – North Africa and East Middle the in 35 to 1 of ratio a workforceby On average, the Red Cross Red Crescent network of volunteers extends its paid more thanthepopulationofCape Verde. volunteers,million alone,a North Africa half and are there East Middle the In the United Arab Emirates. of population the times threeTunisia of and population the than morewide, worldvolunteerCrescentworkforcemillion - Red Cross The13.1 numbersRed Middle EastandNorth Africa is94USdollarspervolunteer. in volunteers Crescent Red Cross Red of value economic annual averageThe 50 millionUSdollarsworth ofservicesinMiddle EastandNorth Africa. contribute volunteersCrescent Red Cross Red that found has surveyrecent A paid memberofstaff, there are 327volunteers. workforce by a ratio of 1 to 327 in sub-Saharan Africa – meaning that for every On average, the Red Cross Red Crescent network of volunteers extends its paid population ofSwaziland orMauritius. the than more volunteers, million 1.4 are there alone Africa sub-Saharan In wide, more thanthepopulationofZimbabwe. worldvolunteerCrescentworkforcemillion - Red Cross The13.1 numbersRed sub-Saharan Africa is86USdollarspervolunteer. in volunteers Crescent Red Cross Red of value economic annual averageThe services insub-Saharan Africa. of worth dollars US million 117 contribute volunteersCrescent Red Cross Red he value volunteer for the - 25 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 26 The value of volunteers / A publication of the Red Cross Red Crescent Academic Network, January 2011 Specially trained Egyptian Red Crescent volunteers are helping to create a pic- a create to helping are volunteers Crescent Red Egyptian trained Specially vulnerabilitiestomapping action direct humanitarian Egyptian Crescent Red – • • • • • Caucasus Southern the and Turkey Asia, central Europe, Eastern homework. do their children help to their required skills lack the often parents in life start by helping homeworktheir them with as and language with training better a make to refugees and ofmigrants children the support also volunteers lives. Cross sideRed their enter stages as by ofthey their and final pass the ting sitsimply by friends or family nothaveany dowho people comfort volunteers to people support last the valuedays in and life. Theby hours ofproviding their social irreplaceable their demonstrate Cross Red Danish the from Volunteers in the people last dayssupporting of their lives Cross Red Danish – • Europe western and southern Central, • • • •

their communities andunderstandtheissuesbeingfaced. to known are they because them complete to them help and questionnaires with members community approach to able are Volunteers action. nitarian huma- for information of source valuable a provide will communities,which those in capacities and vulnerabilities map to is purpose Thestrong. million a half than more is that Egypt of governorates two in population the of ture volunteers. Southern Caucasus – meaning that for every paid member of staff, there are 19 Europe,eastern central Asia,in 19 Turkeyto 1 the of and ratio a workforceby On average, the Red Cross Red Crescent network of volunteers extends its paid are 217thousandvolunteers, equivalent toover halfthepopulationofMalta. In eastern Europe, central Asia, Turkey and the Southern Caucasus alone, there lation of Tajikistan andthree timesthepopulation ofGeorgia. wide, more than the population of the Czech Republic, almost twice the popu- worldvolunteerCrescentworkforcemillion - Red Cross 13.1 Thenumbers Red volunteer. eastern Europe, Central Asia, Turkey and the Southern Caucasus is 114 US per in volunteers Crescent Red Cross Red of value economic annual averageThe and theSouthernCaucasus. Europe,Eastern in services central worthof Asia,dollars US million Turkey25 contribute volunteersCrescent Red Cross Red that found has surveyrecent A meaning thatforevery paidmemberofstaff, there are 32volunteers. its extends – volunteersEuropewestern central,and in southern 32 to 1 of ratio workforcea of bypaid network Crescent Red Cross Red the average, On rs, equivalent tothepopulationofEstonia. central,In westernand southern Europe alone, there arevoluntee million 1.3 - and three timesthepopulationofLithuania. Denmark of population the twice Greece, of population the than more wide, worldvolunteerCrescentworkforcemillion - Red Cross The13.1 numbersRed central, southernandwestern Europe is855USdollarspervolunteer. in volunteers Crescent Red Cross Red of value economic annual averageThe billion US dollars worth of services in central, southern and western Europe. A recent survey has found that Red Cross Red Crescent volunteers contribute 1.1 - • • • • • Caribbean values. andtheir them resonated with that causes about decisions made they process, the in and, country the across it when programmes Cross Red for dollars US 70,000 raised volunteering philanthropists young The of impact the philanthropists. people young making initiative media social @15 highlighted its launched Cross Red American The creating anew generation of young philanthropists Cross Red – American • • • • • Canada and US leaderofficer, parentbe.could ever religious or partner, a way no in police They trusted are risks. the know users, the know streets, the You is. choose’.” know ithow Irena is and Nikolay no’, say ‘this say we ‘just say “Wesays:Nikolaydon’tbe. can it dangerous and ugly tough, how – user a be to like is itwhat children tell and schools visit also it.”They get to don’twant we and do can Nikolay.to,”whatAIDS says know “Weused now,all we needle but a dirty uses nee one “No I work with for and package needles disposal. dles upclean used deliver Irena and Nikolay passion. real their work, their begin and apartment shabby a to commute crouched under the shadowthey ofstacks on massive two the edge chimney of town day each but addicts, drug of couple another just are they observer, casual Tothe Minsk. of south drive hours two Slutsk, of town drab the in choice of drug the paste, seed home-madepoppy a semechki, moneyon their all spend Irena Nikolayand admission, own their By to help users reduce the spread of HIV Cross Red – Belarus staff, there are 45volunteers. by a ratio of 1 to 45 in the Caribbean – meaning that for every paid member of workforce paid its extends volunteers of network Cross Red average,the On of Bermuda. In theCaribbeanalone, there are 72,000volunteers, more thanthe population and three timesthepopulationofPuertoRico. Paraguayof population the Cuba,twice the of population the than lion,more The Red Cross Red Crescent volunteer workforce worldwide numbers 13.1 mil - is 268USdollarspervolunteer. Caribbean the in volunteersCross Red of valueTheaverage economic annual dollars worth ofservicesintheCaribbean. US million 19 Crossvolunteerscontribute Red that found recentsurveyhas A of staff, there are 11volunteers. everyfor that member meaning paid – Canada and US the in 11 to ratio1 a of On average, the Red Cross network of volunteers extends its paid workforce by over halfthepopulationofSanDiegoandCanadianprovince of Alberta. In the USA and Canada alone, there are 710 thousand volunteers, equivalent to three timesthepopulationofPuertoRico. wide, more than the population of Cuba, twice the population of Paraguay and worldvolunteerCrescentworkforcemillion - Red Cross The13.1 numbersRed and US Canada is1,224USdollarspervolunteer. the in volunteers Cross Red of value economic annual average The dollars worth ofservices intheUSandCanada. A recent survey has found that Red Cross volunteers contribute 868 million US - 27 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 28 The value of volunteers / A publication of the Red Cross Red Crescent Academic Network, January 2011 people living in their own communities to protect themselves. protect to communities own their in people living wereteers at the in frontline the battle the against anddisease they empowered volun trained These sick. becoming avoid can people how and transmitted is cholera how detail in explain to tent, to tent and door to door went volunteers 2010 from the devastating Red Cross moreering Haitian earthquake, 1,000 than recov were communities as Haiti in occurred first outbreak cholera the When in preventing vital knowledge local cholera Haitian Cross Red – • • • • • Asia South assistance. example of humanitarian practice abest as the andthe workfamilies media recognized ofboth the Chilean Red Cross volunteers uncertainty, of days the face to them helping as well as assistance, tical - prac offering and them the Accompanying process. supported the through volunteers families Cross miners’ Red miners, of rescue successful the until – From 5 August 2010 – the day that the San José in Copiapo,mine collapsed Chile through families see responders tofirst rescue Cross Red – Chilean • • • • • America Latin faith occasions such as Eid, Diwali and Christmas. This activity promotes re promotes forspect religions andall reinforces principlethe amongst of impartiality young activity This Christmas. and Diwali Eid, as such occasions faith in Pakistan are involved in making and delivering togifts people in need on multi- In an effort to promote a culture of peace and harmony, Red Crescent volunteers promoting for respect all religions – Pakistan Crescent Red Society workforce by a ratio of 1 to 23 in South Asia – meaning that for every paid every for that meaning member ofstaff,– there are 23volunteers. Asia South in 23 to 1 of ratio a by workforce On average, the Red Cross Red Crescent network of volunteers extends its paid million volunteers, orslightly more thanhalfofthepopulationSingapore. 2.7 numbers Asia South in workforce volunteer Crescent Red Cross Red The wide, equivalent tothepopulationofCambodia. worldvolunteerCrescentworkforcemillion - Red Cross 13.1 Thenumbers Red South Asia is102USdollarspervolunteer. in volunteers Crescent Red Cross Red of value economic annual averageThe bute 279millionUSdollarsworth ofservicesinSouth Asia. A recent survey has found that Red Cross and Red Crescent volunteers contri- member ofstaff, there are 15volunteers. paid every for that meaning – Latin America in 15 to 1 of ratio workforcea by On average, the Red Cross Red Crescent network of volunteers extends its paid vo - 165,000 numbers America lunteers, almostthepopulation ofSaintLucia. Latin in workforce volunteer Cross Red The three timesthe population ofPanama. the population of Guatemala, twice the population of Paraguay and more than almost worldwide, million 13.1 numbers workforce volunteer Cross Red The is 401USdollarspervolunteer. Latin America in volunteersCross Red of valueaverageThe economic annual dollars worth ofservicesinLatin America. US million 66 Crossvolunteerscontribute Red that found recentsurveyhas A - - - become interested in volunteering. in interested become to others many encouraged and volunteers other of morale the boosted which forums, international and workshops training, regional in part take to invited were operation of Nargis Cyclone the magnitude from volunteers the Exceptional to operation. the respond to order in health public in others trained they and camps relief manage to teams medical township with worked volunteers the on were what in complex Township volunteers response. a was frontline very emergency Red Cross Cross Red Local 2008. in Myanmar in Nargis Cyclone to response the during evident was knowledge local of value incalculable The in acomplex responders disasterearly Myanmar Cross Red – • • • • • are at the heart of the Red Cross, which is significant, as they will have the the have will they as evolvessignificant, andchanges. society the impact as greatest is which Cross, Red the of heart the at are Young production. food volunteersimprove and disasters against helpmitigate that programmes environmental of range a as water well as safety, road training, and safety first-aid response, disaster in part take Volunteers countries. other of experience development the from isolated largely is that country a in responsibility civil and ofvolunteerism developingculture a wayin the leading is Cross Red the Korea, North in active organization humanitarian only the As establishing aculture of volunteerism of CrossRed the Society Democratic People’s Republic of Korea – • • • • • Asia East South-East Asia South-East to give them a feeling of normality and a shared hope for the future. conflictofpeople. volunteers Local providevictims psychosocial alsosupportto workforce by a ratio of 1 to 432 in South-East Asia – meaning that for everypaid memberofstaff, therefor are 432volunteers. that meaning – Asia South-East in 432 to 1 of ratio a by workforce On average, the Red Cross Red Crescent network of volunteers extends its paid of Mongolia. In South Asia alone, there are 2.8 million volunteers, more than the population wide, equivalent tothepopulationofCambodia. worldvolunteerCrescentworkforcemillion - Red Cross The13.1 numbersRed South-East Asia is79USdollarspervolunteer. in volunteers Crescent Red Cross Red of value economic annual averageThe 225 millionUSdollarsworth ofservicesinSouth-East Asia. contribute volunteersCrescent Red Cross Red that found has surveyrecent A are 118volunteers. everystaff,for of East that member in meaning 118 – to Asia 1 ratioof a there On average, the Red Cross network of volunteers extends its paid workforce by of MongoliaorthecityOsakainJapan. population the volunteers,than million more 3.1 alone,are thereEast Asia In wide, equivalent tothepopulationof Tokyo. worldvolunteerCrescentworkforcemillion - Red Cross The13.1 numbersRed lars. Theaverage valuevolunteersannualeconomic of East in dol- US 1,002 is Asia intheworld.gion re- any of services of value highest the Asia,East in services of worth dollars US billion 3.1 contribute volunteersCross Red that found has surveyrecent A 29 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 30 The value of volunteers / A publication of the Red Cross Red Crescent Academic Network, January 2011 • • • • • Pacific Stanley’s story action of humanitarian People heart at the Islands. source of oninformation what as is a emerging major issue in the remote Pacific Well Pacific. the across known for roletheir from aidin inthefirst Pacific,local volunteerstrusted provided a visitors amongst diseases transmitted sexually and HIV about awareness Red raise local to position Islands, unique a Cook in the were in volunteers Cross held were Games Mini Pacific 2009 the When totalking agrowing Pacific about neighbours problem Cross IslandsRed Cook – to different camps around the city. the around camps different to the to went I so well, distributions as relief with volunteer.”help to assisted office Cross Stanley to Red Haitian something do to needed I knew I that her. After helped Cross Red Haitian the then and grandmother my with hospital in hospitals before he could get treatment for her. “I ended up many spending days there are 18volunteers. staff, of member paid every for that meaning – Pacific the in 18 to 1 of ratio a On average, the Red Cross network of volunteers extends its paid workforce by In thePacific alone, there are 54,000active volunteers. times thepopulationofNew Zealand. three worldwide,or million 13.1 numbers workforcevolunteer Cross Red The 542 USdollarspervolunteer. is Pacific the in volunteers Cross Red of value economic annual average The US dollarsworth ofservicesinthePacific. million 29.5 contribute volunteers Cross Red that found has survey recent A grandmother and took her to several several to her took and grandmother the his rescued under his Stanley house. her in rubble trapped that was news the grandmother received then He says Stanley. but we managed to save about 13 people,” – breathe to difficult was it – too bodies dead of lot a were there and exhausting was It out. them get help and people see could we where rubble some move and “My andfriends university I to started try then help. peoplethat needed realized quickly them, around unfolding astation dev the of photos take to began friends university his and Stanley 2010. January in Haiti in Port-au-Prince of town home his struck earthquake university massive a at his when day next washing the for was clothes Clairmont Stanley - Kalsoom’s story Hortense’s story of my neighbours.” thousands for future better a to bridge a Crescent building “Together, colleagues:are we Red and Cross Red her with working of - en has experience she shared says the joyed Kalsoom medicine. and her healthcare on courses furthering with considering studies now is Kalsoom far, so experiences her on Based ahead. years the in well them serve will that knowledge on passing unskilled, the alongside basicproviding healthcare to hundreds ofdaily. flood survivors The work skilled Cross and Red Crescent to workers village, around from worldthe village Red from travels skilled of unit This province. Sindh Larkana, in based team, health IFRC’smobile the with travelling days her spends Kalsoom notWhen studying, health.” their protect help to above them we andthat all, want, them judging not are we that them, as hardship same the endured we know “They explains. able to to talk the young women who in the ‘secteur’,”themselves prostitute she “We, the former ‘filleslibres’ peerturned educators, the are virtually only people youngother women who leave want to work. sex support helps who educator peer Cross Red a is and programme Libres’ ‘Filles Cross Red Cameroon the of part as offered micro-project a to thanks pendent Today, basis. on a daily ofinde threat HIV violence to and the she financially is exposed was who worker sex a was too she ago, years few a audience.Just the motivation and worries of the women in in women the of worries and the motivation anyone than better knows Hortense capital, Yaounde. Cameroonian of the centre the from far not district, in Emombo centre health modest the in activities every one’s ofevening’s the attention at start the attracts She woman. elegant an 30-year-old is Hortense t-shirt, educator peer Cross Red Cameroon her in Dressed is suffering.” is who help to family a Itmy responsibility is family. doesn’t one us makes that and It Pakistanis, help. all to are We strangers. are they that matter chance this being am given I that proud and happy feel “I floods. monsoon the by tated devas left were who to neighbours her help Society Crescent Red Pakistan the for The volunteering is 17-year-oldstudent college passions. her of one following she’s because mind doesn’t Jhatial Kalsoom But deep. foot a almost is mud that in walking She’s drink. to water no is There hot. It’s - - - 31 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 32 The value of volunteers / January 2011 Annex summary of Economic Value Survey (EVS)

A total of 84 National Societies responded to the Economic Value Survey (EVS). When it comes to extrapolating for countries that did not respond – either the 23 who responded to the Federation-wide reporting system (FWRS) or the rest of the world – the regions where existing responses are least likely to accurately represent the wider population are the Caribbean and South Asia. This is because less than 15 per cent of the population of these regions is “covered” by the National Societies that responded.

Table 1: Overview of survey responses by region

Human National Societies Proportion of Development Index that responded population served by National Societies that responded

IFRC surveys EVS EVS +FWRS EVS EVS +FWRS Sub-Saharan Africa 18 23 31% 63% Middle East and North Africa 7 7 62% 62% Central, southern and 20 25 77% 84% western Europe Eastern Europe, Turkey and 8 12 34% 98% the Southern Caucasus, central Asia US and Canada 2 2 100% 100% Caribbean 3 4 2% 6% Latin America 13 15 73% 94% South Asia 3 3 14% 14% South-East Asia 3 7 25% 72% East Asia 4 4 98% 98% Pacific 3 5 63% 76% Total 84 105 54% 68% / A publication of the Red Cross Red Crescent Academic Network, January 2011 January Academic Network, Red Crescent A publication of the Red Cross of volunteers / value The Table 2: Overview of survey responses categorized 33 by Human Development Index

Human National Societies Proportion of Development Index that responded population served by National Societies that responded

IFRC surveys EVS EVS +FWRS EVS EVS +FWRS

Very high 23 24 94% 95%

High 18 29 77% 94%

Medium 30 40 28% 43%

Low 13 14 31% 48%

Total 84 105 54% 68%

Although more National Societies from medium human development index countries responded than any other category, a larger proportion of the world’s population lives in these countries. This means that the characteristics of Red Cross Red Crescent volunteers in the two lowest-income categories of country are the least well represented in this sample.

Extrapolating to 107 countries instead of 84 gives a slightly higher total annual value and a slightly lower average annual value per volunteer. This is because the increases in the number of volunteers came from countries with lower benchmark wages. The lower the wage rates in those countries, the lower the overall average value per volunteer. This is not a reflection of intrinsic worth, but rather of the replacement cost for the Red Cross Red Crescent to pay for the service currently provided by a volunteer locally. Extrapolating to the worldwide population sees this trend continue, as the largest data gaps remain in the countries with the lowest wages. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and Red Crescent of Red Cross International Federation 34 Economic value of volunteers

Table 3: Economic value of volunteers by the three sample sets The overall propensity to volunteer for the International Red Cross Red Crescent Movement is calculated by dividing the total number of volunteers by the population in countries where National Societies responded. The overall propensity to volunteer from both the dataset of 84 and the dataset of 107 countries – 1.9 per thousand – was applied to the worldwide population to scale up from 68 per cent to 100 per cent. However, this total number of volunteers is sensitive to survey responses. If a 108th National Society were to respond to either survey, the total number of volunteers would change slightly again.

Economic EVS and Extrapolation Value Survey FWRS pilot to entire (EVS) of 84 survey of 107 population of countries countries the world

Total number of 6.8 million 8.9 million 13.1 million volunteers

Total annual value US$ 5.2 billion US$ 5.4 billion US$ 5.9 billion of all volunteers

Average annual US$ 761 US$ 606 US$ 453 value per volunteer

Propensity to 1.9 per thousand 1.9 per thousand 1.9 per thousand volunteer for the Red Cross Red Crescent

25% 54% General 37% Female support services Health

breakdown of Gender breakdown red cross and of red cross and red crescent red crescent volunteers volunteers by field

46% 12% 26% Male Social inclusion Disaster / A publication of the Red Cross Red Crescent Academic Network, January 2011 January Academic Network, Red Crescent A publication of the Red Cross of volunteers / value The The Fundamental Principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

Humanity / The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Independence / The Movement is independent. The Movement, born of a desire to bring assistance without dis- National Societies, while auxiliaries in the humanitarian crimination to the wounded on the battlefield, endeavours, services of their governments and subject to the laws in its international and national capacity, to prevent and alle- of their respective countries, must always maintain their viate human suffering wherever it may be found. Its purpose autonomy so that they may be able at all times to act in is to protect life and health and to ensure respect for the hu- accordance with the principles of the Movement. man being. It promotes mutual understanding, friendship, Voluntary service / It is a voluntary relief movement not cooperation and lasting peace amongst all peoples. prompted in any manner by desire for gain. Impartiality / It makes no discrimination as to nationality, race, religious beliefs, class or political opinions. It Unity / There can be only one Red Cross or Red Cres- endeavours to relieve the suffering of individuals, being cent Society in any one country. It must be open to all. guided solely by their needs, and to give priority to the It must carry on its humanitarian work throughout its ter- most urgent cases of distress. ritory.

Neutrality / In order to enjoy the confidence of all, the Universality / The International Red Cross and Red Movement may not take sides in hostilities or engage at Crescent Movement, in which all societies have equal any time in controversies of a political, racial, religious or status and share equal responsibilities and duties in help- ideological nature. ing each other, is worldwide. www.ifrc.org Saving lives, changing minds. 300000 01/2011 E