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Putin Finds an Ally in Resurgent Orthodox Church
The Washington Times November 12, 2015 Putin finds an ally in resurgent Orthodox Church by Marc Bennetts MOSCOW — How times have changed in Russia. Earlier this year, on the 145th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Lenin, the head of the present- day Communist Party compared the founder of the officially atheist Soviet Union to Jesus Christ. Speaking at a ceremony on Red Square, where Lenin’s embalmed body remains on public display, Gennady Zyuganov said both Lenin and Jesus Christ had preached a message of “love, friendship and brotherhood.” Mr. Zyuganov also declared that the Soviet Union had been an attempt to create “God’s kingdom on Earth.” Mr. Zyuganov’s controversial statement was the culmination of a dramatic upturn in fortunes for the Russian Orthodox Church, which has seen its religious revival in the post-Soviet era matched by a growing, behind-the-scenes political clout, most recently by — literally — giving its blessing to Russian President Vladimir Putin’s decision to escalate the country’s military mission in Syria. Under the Soviet authorities, at least 200,000 members of the clergy were murdered, according to a 1995 Kremlin committee report, while millions of other Christians were persecuted. “The more representatives of the reactionary clergy we shoot, the better,” Lenin once said. Although Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin permitted a carefully controlled revival of the Orthodox Church to boost morale during World War II, anti-religion propaganda was common until the mid-1980s. Today, with some 70 percent of Russians identifying themselves as Orthodox Christians, no serious politician can afford to be seen as lacking in belief. -
Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796
Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796 By Thomas Lucius Lowish A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Victoria Frede-Montemayor, Chair Professor Jonathan Sheehan Professor Kinch Hoekstra Spring 2021 Abstract Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796 by Thomas Lucius Lowish Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Victoria Frede-Montemayor, Chair Historians of Russian monarchy have avoided the concept of sovereignty, choosing instead to describe how monarchs sought power, authority, or legitimacy. This dissertation, which centers on Catherine the Great, the empress of Russia between 1762 and 1796, takes on the concept of sovereignty as the exercise of supreme and untrammeled power, considered legitimate, and shows why sovereignty was itself the major desideratum. Sovereignty expressed parity with Western rulers, but it would allow Russian monarchs to bring order to their vast domain and to meaningfully govern the lives of their multitudinous subjects. This dissertation argues that Catherine the Great was a crucial figure in this process. Perceiving the confusion and disorder in how her predecessors exercised power, she recognized that sovereignty required both strong and consistent procedures as well as substantial collaboration with the broadest possible number of stakeholders. This was a modern conception of sovereignty, designed to regulate the swelling mechanisms of the Russian state. Catherine established her system through careful management of both her own activities and the institutions and servitors that she saw as integral to the system. -
Religion, State and 'Sovereign Democracy' in Putin's Russia
Religion, state and ‘sovereign democracy’ in Putin’s Russia John Anderson School of International Relations University of St Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 8EB (01334 462931; [email protected]) John Anderson is Professor of International Relations at the University of St Andrews. He has published widely on religion and politics in the Soviet Union and post-Soviet states, on religion and democratisation, on Christianity and politics in Russia, Europe and the USA, and on the politics of Central Asia. His most recent book is Conservative Christian Politics in Russia and the United States (Manchester University Press, 2015). 1 Abstract This article explores the role of the dominant Russian Orthodox Church in the evolution of the post-communist Russian Federation. This is not a classic case where religion may have contributed to the democratisation of society because this has not been a primary goal of political elites, and the regime that has emerged might best be described as ‘hybrid’ with growing authoritarian tendencies. Having played little role in the ending of communism, having little historical experience of working within a democracy, suspicious of liberal- individualist visions of public life and committed to a vision of its role as the hegemonic religious institution, the promotion of democratic governance has not been a priority of church leaders. At the same time the political structures created by the Kremlin encourage a degree of conformity and support for the regime by key social actors, and in the wake of the political crisis of 2011-12 there have been further incentives for church and state to work more closely together. -
The Russia You Never Met
The Russia You Never Met MATT BIVENS AND JONAS BERNSTEIN fter staggering to reelection in summer 1996, President Boris Yeltsin A announced what had long been obvious: that he had a bad heart and needed surgery. Then he disappeared from view, leaving his prime minister, Viktor Cher- nomyrdin, and his chief of staff, Anatoly Chubais, to mind the Kremlin. For the next few months, Russians would tune in the morning news to learn if the presi- dent was still alive. Evenings they would tune in Chubais and Chernomyrdin to hear about a national emergency—no one was paying their taxes. Summer turned to autumn, but as Yeltsin’s by-pass operation approached, strange things began to happen. Chubais and Chernomyrdin suddenly announced the creation of a new body, the Cheka, to help the government collect taxes. In Lenin’s day, the Cheka was the secret police force—the forerunner of the KGB— that, among other things, forcibly wrested food and money from the peasantry and drove some of them into collective farms or concentration camps. Chubais made no apologies, saying that he had chosen such a historically weighted name to communicate the seriousness of the tax emergency.1 Western governments nod- ded their collective heads in solemn agreement. The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank both confirmed that Russia was experiencing a tax collec- tion emergency and insisted that serious steps be taken.2 Never mind that the Russian government had been granting enormous tax breaks to the politically connected, including billions to Chernomyrdin’s favorite, Gazprom, the natural gas monopoly,3 and around $1 billion to Chubais’s favorite, Uneximbank,4 never mind the horrendous corruption that had been bleeding the treasury dry for years, or the nihilistic and pointless (and expensive) destruction of Chechnya. -
My Favourite Pieces: Alexandra Tolstoy Blends Fashion and Heritage
My favourite pieces: Alexandra Tolstoy blends fashion and heritage The collection is a tale of symbolism, stolen heirlooms and tsarist traditions Alexandra Tolstoy © Alan Knox/FT Few names are so intertwined with Russian culture as that of Leo Tolstoy, the writer best known for his 1,200-page tome War and Peace, first published in 1869. His family was part of the old nobility and was politically active in imperial Russia. Their fortunes turned, however, with the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II in 1917 and the ensuing civil war. Among wider family members who fled the Bolshevik repression in 1920 was Alexandra Tolstoy’s grandfather Count Dmitri Tolstoy, a distant cousin of the illustrious writer. He sought refuge in England, where Ms Tolstoy was born and raised. The countess, who presented the BBC series ‘Horse People’, now arranges adventure trips to Russia. She says it “feels funny” that she was unable to speak Russian until the age of 18, when she spent a year in Moscow before university. “I speak it every day [to my children] and it feels so much a part of me,” she says. The Russian Orthodox cross is a staple of Ms Tolstoy’s apparel. She pairs this with other traditional Russian symbols such as matryoshkas, or Russian dolls, which represent motherhood and fertility. She says symbols and aesthetics are more important to her than monetary worth. Jewellery and clothes should “work together harmoniously”, she says, and her collection seamlessly blends in with her signature clothing style of mix-and-match folkloric patterns. But despite her love of clashing contrasts, she strictly obeys one rule — “never to mix gold and silver”. -
Nicholas Ascends the Throne
The Identification of Weakness: A Psycho Historical Analysis of Tsar Nicholas II Using the NEO-Personality Inventory Revised Exam By Keely Johnson Senior Capstone History 489 Dr. Patricia Turner Capstone Advisor Dr. Paulis Lazda Cooperating Professor Copyright for this work is owned by the author. This digital version is published by McIntyre Library, University of Wisconsin Eau Claire with the consent of the author. Abstract Tsar Nicholas II of Russia was an unquestionable failure of a monarch. However, much of his demise was due to his lack of education and the accumulation of overpowering advisors that manipulated his weak mental and emotional characteristics. This paper identifies these characteristics through the analysis of Nicholas’ personal documents and compares them to the NEO-Personality Inventory Revised Exam in order to better understand why he failed miserably as Tsar. In a study conducted by Joyce E. Bono and Timothy A. Judge at the University of Iowa in 2000, it was found that evaluations of the Big Five personality characteristics correlated to leadership performance. This study was conducted using the NEO-Personality Inventory Revised exam, and was also applied to this research in order to better evaluate Nicholas II’s failed rule as Tsar of Russia. Through the analysis, it is clear that Nicholas’ possessed personality characteristics unsuitable for any leadership position. This research used interdisciplinary studies from the psychological sphere, thereby opening doors in the historical research field by using psycho historical analysis to highlight new viewpoints of previously researched material. 2 Acknowledgements This paper is the result of many elements working together in order to push me through this process, and for that I would like to thank them all. -
Tape ID Title Language Type System
Tape ID Title Language Type System 1361 10 English 4 PAL 1089D 10 Things I Hate About You (DVD) English 10 DVD 7326D 100 Women (DVD) English 9 DVD KD019 101 Dalmatians (Walt Disney) English 3 PAL 0361sn 101 Dalmatians - Live Action (NTSC) English 6 NTSC 0362sn 101 Dalmatians II (NTSC) English 6 NTSC KD040 101 Dalmations (Live) English 3 PAL KD041 102 Dalmatians English 3 PAL 0665 12 Angry Men English 4 PAL 0044D 12 Angry Men (DVD) English 10 DVD 6826 12 Monkeys (NTSC) English 3 NTSC i031 120 Days Of Sodom - Salo (Not Subtitled) Italian 4 PAL 6016 13 Conversations About One Thing (NTSC) English 1 NTSC 0189DN 13 Going On 30 (DVD 1) English 9 DVD 7080D 13 Going On 30 (DVD) English 9 DVD 0179DN 13 Moons (DVD 1) English 9 DVD 3050D 13th Warrior (DVD) English 10 DVD 6291 13th Warrior (NTSC) English 3 nTSC 5172D 1492 - Conquest Of Paradise (DVD) English 10 DVD 3165D 15 Minutes (DVD) English 10 DVD 6568 15 Minutes (NTSC) English 3 NTSC 7122D 16 Years Of Alcohol (DVD) English 9 DVD 1078 18 Again English 4 Pal 5163a 1900 - Part I English 4 pAL 5163b 1900 - Part II English 4 pAL 1244 1941 English 4 PAL 0072DN 1Love (DVD 1) English 9 DVD 0141DN 2 Days (DVD 1) English 9 DVD 0172sn 2 Days In The Valley (NTSC) English 6 NTSC 3256D 2 Fast 2 Furious (DVD) English 10 DVD 5276D 2 Gs And A Key (DVD) English 4 DVD f085 2 Ou 3 Choses Que Je Sais D Elle (Subtitled) French 4 PAL X059D 20 30 40 (DVD) English 9 DVD 1304 200 Cigarettes English 4 Pal 6474 200 Cigarettes (NTSC) English 3 NTSC 3172D 2001 - A Space Odyssey (DVD) English 10 DVD 3032D 2010 - The Year -
Romanov News Новости Романовых
Romanov News Новости Романовых By Ludmila & Paul Kulikovsky №114 September 2017 Emperor Nicholas I. Watercolour by Alexander I. Klünder Monument to Emperor Nicholas I unveiled in Czech Republic September 19.TASS - A monument to Emperor Nicholas I (1825-1855) was opened in the spa town of Teplice in the north of the Czech Republic. This was announced by Consul-General of the Consulate General of the Russian Federation in Karlovy Vary (West Bohemia) Igor Melnik. "The monument to Nicholas I was erected in the very centre of Teplice next to the monuments of Peter the Great and Alexander I," he stressed. "This idea supported by local authorities, was conceived long ago, but was postponed, primarily because of the lack of necessary funds." Monuments to Russian autocrats in Teplice were created by People's Artist of Russia Vladimir Surovtsev. The patrons of the project are the organization of Russian compatriots in the Czech Republic "The Ark-Arch" and the General Consulate of the Russian Federation in Karlovy Vary. Sovereigns from the Romanov dynasty, actively implementing the idea of uniting the Slavs under the sceptre of mighty Russia on the international arena, have forever entered the history of Teplice. The Grand Duke and the future Emperor of Russia Nicholas I twice visited this city: in 1815 at the age of 19, and in 1818, when he turned 22. He took part in laying the foundation and then opening a monument to Russian soldiers who died for Europe's freedom in the struggle against Napoleon. The elder brother of Nicholas I, Emperor Alexander I, arrived in Teplice during the foreign campaigns of the Russian Imperial Army during the Napoleonic wars in 1813. -
Semiotics and Symbolism in the Orthodox Church Architecture
Special Issue INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND August 2016 CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 Semiotics and Symbolism in the Orthodox Church Architecture Liliya R. Akhmetova Kazan Federal University, Institute of Philology and Intercultural Communication named after Leo Tolstoy, Tatarstan Str.2, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia Elmira U. Abdulkadyrova Kazan Federal University, Institute of Philology and Intercultural Communication named after Leo Tolstoy, Tatarstan Str.2, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia Irina M. Maiorova Kazan Federal University, Institute of Philology and Intercultural Communication named after Leo Tolstoy, Tatarstan Str.2, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia Abstract The movement on restoration of the temples destroyed in Soviet period has begun from below, later local authorities became involved and, at last, the state program on restoration of temples has been adopted. There is a process of returning to the roots, to traditions: not only Orthodox churches, but also Catholic, Buddhist, as well as mosques are being restored. Each temple embodies religious idea in the architecture. Each architectural element comprises a certain symbol. The symbolics in architecture of an Orthodox church is difficult and many- sided. It expresses what directly cannot be represented - it is the terrestrial embodiment of the heavenly, spiritual, non hand-made, sacral. Unlike Catholic temples built according to the art style dominating during construction the Orthodox churches are built according to Orthodoxy symbolics. Thus, each element of an Orthodox church bears some information on the one the temple is devoted to, on some lines of the Orthodoxy and on many other aspects. The architecture as any other art form, has its own language - it is the language of architectural forms. -
In the Lands of the Romanovs: an Annotated Bibliography of First-Hand English-Language Accounts of the Russian Empire
ANTHONY CROSS In the Lands of the Romanovs An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of The Russian Empire (1613-1917) OpenBook Publishers To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/268 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. In the Lands of the Romanovs An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917) Anthony Cross http://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2014 Anthony Cross The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt it and to make commercial use of it providing that attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that he endorses you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Cross, Anthony, In the Land of the Romanovs: An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917), Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/ OBP.0042 Please see the list of illustrations for attribution relating to individual images. Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omissions or errors will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. As for the rights of the images from Wikimedia Commons, please refer to the Wikimedia website (for each image, the link to the relevant page can be found in the list of illustrations). -
The Growing Influence of the Russian Orthodox Church in Shaping Russia’S Policies Abroad
02 BLITT.DOC (DO NOT DELETE) 11/28/2011 10:25 PM RUSSIA’S “ORTHODOX” FOREIGN POLICY: THE GROWING INFLUENCE OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH IN SHAPING RUSSIA’S POLICIES ABROAD PROF. ROBERT C. BLITT* TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ................................................................................364 2. The Russian Orthodox Church’s Foreign Policy Mandate ......................................................................................365 3. Russian Foreign Policy and Disregard for the Constitutional Obligations of Secularism, Separation, and Nondiscrimination .............................................................367 3.1. The Ideological Centrality of Orthodoxy in Russian Foreign Policy as Expressed through Euphemism ...................... 368 3.1.1. The Role of “Spirituality" in Russia’s National Security Strategy .................................................................. 368 3.1.2. A Note on Culture as a Synonym for Orthodoxy ......374 3.1.3. “Spiritual Security” & “Spiritual Revival” ..............377 3.2. Putting Rhetoric into Practice: The Ascendancy of “Spirituality” in Russia’s Foreign Policy ....................................380 3.2.1. Russian Orthodox Church-Ministry of Foreign Affairs Working Group .........................................................380 3.2.2. Russkiy Mir Foundation: A Chimera State-Church Foreign Policy Tool ................................................................383 3.2.3. Support for Days of Spiritual Culture .....................390 3.2.4. Facilitating an Exclusive -
The Swiss and the Romanovs
Swiss American Historical Society Review Volume 57 Number 2 Article 3 6-2021 The Swiss and the Romanovs Dwight Page Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sahs_review Part of the European History Commons, and the European Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Page, Dwight (2021) "The Swiss and the Romanovs," Swiss American Historical Society Review: Vol. 57 : No. 2 , Article 3. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/sahs_review/vol57/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Swiss American Historical Society Review by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Page: The Swiss and the Romanovs The Swiss and the Romanovs by Dwight Page For centuries, the Swiss people and government have sup- ported the cultural, intellectual, and economic objectives of the Rus- sian people and the Russian government. Especially during the Impe- rial Era of Russian history (1682-1917), the assistance provided to the ruling house of Russia by Swiss nationals was indispensable and of vital importance in helping the Russian royal house to achieve its cultural, political, pedagogical, and ecclesiastical goals.1 The Petrine Period (1682-1725) Contacts of some con- sequence between the Swiss and the House of Romanov started as early as the seven- teenth century, when a twenty- year-old Swiss soldier François Lefort came to Moscow in 1675 to serve the Romanov Dynasty, and soon reached a position of prominence. Although Czar 1 The Romanov Dynasty began to rule Russia in 1613 when, shortly after the Time of Troubles, Michael Romanov was accepted as the new Tsar by the boyars in Kostroma, at the Ipatieff Monastery.