CAMPBELL BIOLOGYNINTH CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS | EDITION MARTHA R. TAYLOR JEAN L. DICKEY Ithaca, New York Clemson University ERIC J. SIMON KELLY HOGAN New England College University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill JANE B. 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PEARSON, ALWAYS LEARNING, MasteringBiology and BioFlix are exclusive trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries owned by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks that may appear in this work are the property of their respective owners and any references to third-party trademarks, logos or other trade dress are for demonstrative or descriptive purposes only. Such references are not intended to imply any sponsorship, endorsement, authorization, or promotion of Pearson’s products by the owners of such marks, or any relationship between the owner and Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates, authors, licensees or distributors. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Reece, Jane B. | Taylor, Martha R. | Simon, Eric J. (Eric Jeffrey), 1967- | Dickey, Jean | Hogan, Kelly A. Title: Campbell biology : concepts & connections / Jane B. Reece, Berkeley, California, Martha R. Taylor, Ithaca, New York, Eric J. Simon, New England College, Jean L. Dickey, Clemson University, Kelly Hogan, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Other titles: Biology Description: Ninth edition. | Boston : Pearson Education, [2017] Identifiers: LCCN 2016019061 Subjects: LCSH: Biology. Classification: LCC QH308.2 .B56448 2017 | DDC 570—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016019061 1 16 ISBN 10: 0-13-465340-8 (High School Binding) ISBN 13: 978-0-13-465340-2 (High School Binding) www.PearsonSchool.com/Advanced TAYL3402_09_FM_NASTA_PRF.indd 2 11/18/16 10:46 PM About the Authors Martha R. Taylor has been teaching Kelly Hogan is a faculty member biology for more than 35 years. She in the Department of Biology at earned her B.A. in biology from the University of North Carolina at Gettysburg College and her M.S. and Chapel Hill, teaching introductory Ph.D. in science education from Cornell biology and genetics. Dr. Hogan University. At Cornell, Dr. Taylor has teaches hundreds of students at a served as assistant director of the Office time, using active-learning methods of Instructional Support and has taught that incorporate educational introductory biology for both majors technologies both inside and outside and nonmajors. Most recently, she was a of the classroom. She received her lecturer in the Learning Strategies Center, teaching supplemental B.S. in biology at the College of New Jersey and her Ph.D. in biology courses. Her experience working with students in pathology at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. classrooms, in laboratories, and with tutorials has increased her Her research interests focus on how large classes can be more commitment to helping students create their own knowledge of inclusive through evidence-based teaching methods and and appreciation for biology. She was the author of the Student technology. As the Director of Instructional Innovation at Study Guide for ten editions of Campbell Biology. UNC, she encourages experienced faculty to take advantage of new professional development opportunities and inspires the Eric J. Simon is a professor in the next generation of innovative faculty. Dr. Hogan is the author Department of Biology and Health of Stem Cells and Cloning, Second Edition, and co-author on Science at New England College in Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, Fifth Edition. Henniker, New Hampshire. He teaches introductory biology to science majors Jane B. Reece has worked in and nonscience majors, as well as biology publishing since 1978, upper-level courses in tropical marine when she joined the editorial biology and careers in science. Dr. staff of Benjamin Cummings. Simon received a B.A. in biology and Her education includes an A.B. in computer science and an M.A. in biology biology from Harvard University, an from Wesleyan University, and a Ph.D. in biochemistry from M.S. in microbiology from Rutgers Harvard University. His research focuses on innovative ways to University, and a Ph.D. in bacteriology use technology to improve teaching and learning in the science from the University of California, classroom. Dr. Simon also leads numerous international student Berkeley. At UC Berkeley, and later field research trips and is a Scientific Advisor to the Elephant as a postdoctoral fellow in genetics at Stanford University, Conservation Center in Sayaboury, Laos. Dr. Simon is the lead her research focused on genetic recombination in bacteria. author of the introductory nonmajors biology textbooks Campbell Dr. Reece taught biology at Middlesex County College (New Essential Biology, Sixth Edition, and Campbell Essential Biology Jersey) and Queensborough Community College (New York). with Physiology, Fifth Edition, and the author of the introductory During her 12 years as an editor at Benjamin Cummings, she biology textbook Biology: The Core, Second Edition. played a major role in a number of successful textbooks. She is coauthor of Campbell Biology, Eleventh Edition, Campbell Jean L. Dickey is Professor Emerita Biology in Focus, Second Edition, Campbell Essential Biology, of Biological Sciences at Clemson Sixth Edition, and Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, University (Clemson, South Carolina). Fifth Edition. After receiving her B.S. in biology from Kent State University, she went on to Neil A. Campbell (1946–2004) earn a Ph.D. in ecology and evolution combined the inquiring nature of a from Purdue University. In 1984, Dr. research scientist with the soul of a Dickey joined the faculty at Clemson, caring teacher. Over his 30 years of where she devoted her career to teaching introductory biology to both teaching biology to nonscience majors science majors and nonscience majors, in a variety of courses. In addition to creating content-based many thousands of students had the instructional materials, she developed many activities to engage opportunity to learn from him and be lecture and laboratory students in discussion, critical thinking, stimulated by his enthusiasm for the and writing, and implemented an investigative laboratory study of life. While he is greatly missed curriculum in general biology. Dr. Dickey is author of Laboratory by his many friends in the biology community, his coauthors Investigations for Biology, Second Edition, and coauthor of remain inspired by his visionary dedication to education and are Campbell Essential Biology, Sixth Edition, and Campbell Essential committed to searching for ever better ways to engage students Biology with Physiology, Fifth Edition. in the wonders of biology. About the Authors iii TAYL3402_09_FM_NASTA_PRF.indd 3 11/18/16 10:46 PM See Connections New Features of the ninth edition of Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections provide students with a framework for understanding biological concepts and encourage students to see connections between concepts and the world outside of the classroom. NEW! Unit Openers highlight the relevancy of the course to careers in a variety of fields. Connection and Evolution Connection Modules present engaging examples and relate chapter content to evolution. NEW! A reframed focus on Major Themes in Biology provide students with a framework for understanding and organizing biological concepts. Icons throughout the text call students attention to examples of specific themes within each chapter. iv TAYL3402_09_FM_NASTA_PRF.indd