Ethical Trans-Feminism: Berlin's Transgender Individuals' Narratives As Contributions to Ethics of Vegetarian Eco- Feminism

CEU eTD Collection

BERLIN’S TRANSGENDER INDIVIDUALS’ NARRATIVES NARRATIVES INDIVIDUALS’ TRANSGENDER BERLIN’S In partial In partial fulfilment of the requir CONTRIBUTIONS Supervisor: Assistant Professor Eszter Timár Second Reader: Professor Allaine Cerwonka ETHICAL TRANS ETHICAL Department of Gender Studies Central European University

TO ETHICS OF VEGETARIAN ECO VEGETARIAN OF ETHICS TO ements for the degree of Master of Arts inGender Studies Budapest, Hungary FEMINISMS Anja Anja Koletnik Submitted to 2014 By

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CEU eTD Collection 4:(Gendered) Chapter Embodiment 3:Meat Chapter Non 2:Methodology Chapter 1: Chapter Introduction ofTables List Acknowledgements Abstract Table of ...... 1.2 Ethical Non1.2 Meat Tracingand FoodConsumption1.1 Meat 4.5 Conclusion: Political4.5 ofTheorizing Effects Embodiment Embodied 4.4 De Transgressing Essentialism 4.3 Body Conceptualizing Embodiment: 4.2 Bodies’TransgenderAgency Introduction 4.1 Conclusion 4 3. 3 Developments 3. Selfof Ethical Non2 Meat 3. Introduction 3.1 De/Stabilizing 1.5 Trans/Genders Thinking 1.4 Nature:Conceptualizing New Materialisms Eco 1.3 1.5.3 ConceptualizingTrans 1.5.3 Transgender anCategory1.5.2 as andAnalytical Disidentification ConceptualizingTransgender 1.5.1 Stud Eco 1.3.3 Carol TheAdams: J. 1.3.2 Sexual Politics ofMeat Eco 1.3.1

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mn r md t b asn rfrns ti alw fretn ter xsec as existence their forgetting allows this referents; absent be to made are omen seen as powerful enough to fuel resistance to patri to resistance fuel to enough powerful as seen es f eeal fos wih r ascae wt psiiy femininity passivity, with associated are which foods, vegetable of mers - ls fos n araca clue vgtbe, ris ad ris rather grains and fruits, vegetables, culture: patriarchal in foods class Adams’ argument Adams’ cig rcrig at ma i a ybl f ae dominance” male of symbol a is meat fact: recurring a ecting

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03 62 2013: Transgender as an analytical category will be category analytical as an Transgender - femi nism’s comprehensions of genders of comprehensions nism’s I will -

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triarchal notions, all eco all notions, triarchal vi, e ad ta th that adds yet xvii), 17 - s mvmn links movement a as intensely presenting women as embodied nature embodied womenpresenting as intensely . Applying Applying .

and political solidarity? Eco solidarity? political and trans - gender as an analytical category analytical an as gender fold. Twine (2010: 401) c 401) (2010: Twine fold. - feminisms’ were portrayed as as portrayed were feminisms’ s lns ed considerable need links ese - femin feminist and ecological ecological and feminist

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feminisms’ feminisms’ feminisms’ laims - - CEU eTD Collection feminism. eco of importance analytical the only not indicates species, animals’ other or queer’s women’s, it be ecocriticism, of inquiry gen reasoning of line 26 (1999: group sealed hermetically homogenous, a as women of portrayals in result oppres of experiences mutual sharing as women Identitypolitics consider logic. exclusionary thisreiterationsof to committed remained 26 (1999: Sandilands eco acknowledging Within transformations.theoretical trans boundedness show contribution acknowledging whilst thesis; this for importance great of eco vegetarian within traced be can transformations theoretical and t adds She theory. feminist of form the influence would group that of concerns including and to responding recognized, is group social disenfranchised a when (ideally) that suggests inclusiveness’ to commitments ‘feminisms’ articulation 128) (2002: Gaard’s attributedbe totheemergenceofeco ( c and fundamentality eco exposes Sandilands constructs, discursive as work gender and nature both that indicating Amidst xvi). (1999: nature concept impor an has also gender but discourses, feminist in role important an have nature does only not that forefronting with apprehension 1999: es Gads 21: ) xlct usinn rgrig hs sxa fedm s utbe for suitable is freedom sexual whose regarding questioning explicit 8) (2010: Gaard’s ders. edr s n nltcl aeoy al for calls category analytical an as gender

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culture and biology as having reciprocal agentive effects upon effects agentive reciprocal having as biology and culture 827) deet f h fre, rcse, aaiis ad resiliencies and capacities, processes, forces, the of edgement as as

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are being worked out(p.14). worked being are of index sexuality and gender about an meanings where site cultural central being a fact in than rather “transgender,” 199 Tsingparaphrase(to that category” way the of out “an or marginality argue to want I broad ranges of gendered subjects experience gain. However, transforming genders transforming However, gain. experience subjects gendered of ranges –

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ing transgender at the margins of social intelligibilitiesmarginsof social the transgender at ing 24 -

feminism is being delineated. They are also a a also are They delineated. being is feminism -

20). Transgender as an analytical category analytical an as Transgender 20).

which lies within the lies within which constitution very of

women and men, as “feminisms of all all of “feminisms as men, and women Imagining Transgender Imagining genders and feminism.

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conforming subcultures perceive concepts of feminism, feminism, of concepts perceive subcultures conforming To acknowledge these diversities these acknowledge To manifestations of ethical and political solidarity. In order In solidarity. political and ethical of manifestations arch. Qualitative interviewing is used to obtain a report report a obtain to used is interviewing Qualitative arch. 28 - consuming

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. 12

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. It . it is “doing” / “being” i “being” / “doing” is it is therefore not solely one’s diet diet one’s solely not therefore is 36

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d igne non cisgender nd - - actions of human and non and human of actions actions in with one’s ethical diet, the intertwining of both both of intertwining the diet, one’s ethical with in actions a teeoe ugsig ht et non meat that suggesting therefore am I wrns o te osqecs f hi food their of consequences the of awareness 37

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osmto a aec, tia ma non meat ethical agency, as consumption

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as - mutually mutually Reflexivity g awareness of others’ needs for ethical treatment. As I As treatment. ethical for needs others’ of awareness g ‘ res non ult of a few people’s choices or policies or choices people’s few a of ult 38 - normative and ethical diet was a postulate, uponpostulate, a was diet ethical and normative

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I am explicating this indication of Ed's based on narratives, which he presented all throughout the interv the throughout all he presented which narratives, on based Ed's of thisindication am explicating I - Anthropocentrism refers to the belief that humans are hierarchically positioned above all other living beings beings living other all above positioned hierarchically are humans that belief the to refers Anthropocentrism thinking - consumption requires mental effort; one must critically consider their position in regards to regards in position their consider critically must one effort; mental requires consumption l o e mtraim, et non meat materialisms, new to al

underlying institutional rules institutional underlying aiu ohr oily osrce hgmne. iosn 21: 7 cam that claims 57) (2012: Simonsen hegemonies. constructed socially other various 19

ife, question why I do things, and what things I do mean to me and others. others. and me to mean do I things what and things, do I why question ife, I have shown that meat non meat that shown have I n fr o dsepc, iciiain voec ad xlso, hc is which exclusion, and violence discrimination, disrespect, of form any

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claims Young (1990:4). When referring to oppression I I oppression to referring When (1990:4). Young claims contribute totheir - reflexive towards other entities. other towards reflexive

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ession. However, they also denoted that these very these that denoted also they However, ession. s less mental effort.” As Liam’s words imply, meat meat imply, words Liam’s As effort.” mental less s human animal. animal. human osmto cn hs e iwd s contesting as viewed be thus can consumption 39

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ethical ethical awareness. - reflexivity is developed: “I try “I developed: is reflexivity 18

Liam elaborated the elaborated Liam

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CEU eTD Collection also present characteristics, political present to whether deliberations express not did participants eco vegetarian in traced be also can which individualism, forefront that tropes political classical presented therefore Participants’ include interest” everyone’s said Jonna. to always butit’s is hard political, Everything pos self as live to aiming of favor in being stance participants’ the portrays statement following Jonna’s with words Liam’s Juxtaposing people.” other with acting always is politics indicate words circumst personal complex others’ of considerate politically and ethically being for encouragement of force intense an is animals), (e.g. someone to happens that oppression of groups self ethical social of viewpoint a through and individuals all of considerations for awareness their broadening of source Pa seemed tobypassof vegetarian Adams’eco canon questi then I mind, in indications a similarities structural and conceptualthe recognized have vegetarianecofeminists emerged, projects their Since 123). (2002: manifestations, their and ethics to guide reliable a provide which contexts, critical and sympathy of combination the rather but reason, solely not is it that argue actually ecofeminists Vegetarian place. takes oppression towards stance ve these through is it and to, exposed are animals suffering and objectification the acknowledging non diets As politics. vegetarianeco of projects the to central isspeciesism towards contentions Manifesting ry ‘sympathetic connections’ (Gaard, 2002: 120) that self that 120) 2002: (Gaard, connections’ ‘sympathetic ry rticipants were very passionate and emotionally engaged, when talking about their diet being a being diet their about talking when engaged, emotionally and passionate very were rticipants il. Pltcl ok s aig ciiu ad rig o hne ht o ae critiquing. are you what change to trying and critique a having is work “Political sible. - osmto. eeain eco Vegetarian consumption.

e osdr polit considers he r pltcl ter otsain tk fr truh et aia byproduct animal / meat through form take contestations their political, are mong sexism, speciesism and racism (Gaard, 2002: 125). With these With 125). 2002: (Gaard, racism and speciesism sexism, mong - cl ok s neaal fo claoain: Te oe of core “The collaborations: from inseparable as work ical reflexivity. In other words, the words,other In reflexivity. n o hs h nto o genders of notion the has how on - eiit ae ey eiuos n smahtc in sympathetic and meticulous very are feminists 40

- feminists self andethical analyses - feminisms argumentation. The fact that fact The argumentation. feminisms - the aspect of community rather than rather community of aspect the reflexivity with regards to one’s own one’s to regards with reflexivity nlss f utrl n political and cultural of analysis y all explicated that being aware being that explicated all y

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CEU eTD Collection one food the by reassured is maleness “One’s 57), (2013: masculine” not are they that announces who “Men as such statements, Adams’ Rather, construction. division’s this questioning of discourse the enter not does men and women among humans dividing dichotomously of omnipresence book’s The ( ar arguments Meat g of presence is There legitimately eco of critique a However, unintelligible. recognition through place (p. inclusiveness’ to commitment ‘feminism’s of depiction 128) (2003: Gaard’s xv). (1999: practices of movements in women that eco and claims justice environmental Sandilands analysis. certain a in included are which self ethical of notion self for the calls minimum, that suggest I insight, Jonna’s with accordance In achieve. to challenging are categories and identifications personal intersecting all acknowledging previou a As constructidentity social rather a gender of exclusionary politics. is it communities, to affinities express that politics to inherent not is cisnormativity foundation; argum cisnormative in 2013) states:2013) 18

(2013) does Adams analytically interrogate the concept of binary gender, within which her which within gender, binary of concept the interrogate analytically Adams does (2013) )

suggests that broadening inclusivity, and subsequent theoretical transformations, take take transformations, theoretical subsequent and inclusivity, broadening that suggests grounded meat, and thatmeat and meat, Meat of Politics that […] action animals. feminizes and and sexualizes attitude and women an animalizes is It meat”? of politics sexual “the is What ecpue. hn xlctn w explicating When encaptured. e

decide to eschew meat eating are deemed effeminate; failure of men to eat meat eat to men of failure effeminate; deemed are eating meat eschew to decide sly

presented ,

entation, shows that workings of cisnormative exclusion have no political no have exclusion cisnormative of workings that shows entation, was ofessentialism theexposing of theirnotions. ender - critical and self and critical

is also the assumption that assumption the also is s of groups or individuals, who are being considered as socially socially as considered being are who individuals, or groups of s essentialism within Adams’ canon. Nowhere in Nowhere canon. Adams’ within essentialism - ttmn fo Jna niae, aietn epcain of expectations manifesting indicated, Jonna from statement feminism have not made issu made not have feminism eating ac is male a - reflexive theoretical analysis of all notions and concepts and notions all of analysis theoretical reflexive - eiim ta Gad ( Gaard that feminisms 41 a te eul oiis f et ee t, Adams to, refer meat of politics sexual the hat

tivity associated virility(p.4). with men need meat need men es of gender central to their political political their to central gender of es

, have the right to right the have ,

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The Sexual Politics of Politics Sexual The 5 cnies as considers 35) - refle

iiy at xivity, CEU eTD Collection 20 va of longer no is existence original one’s indicates therefore referent absent an considered Being absent referents as following: metapho non or humans’ that referent, absent an becoming non or human a about forgetting allows referent wome render oppression of experiences feminist a developing of conceptualizations 14). (2007: Valentine claims developing, are sexuality and gender about meanings and gender contest app when to Transgender, politics. identity commitments ethical apply and normativity, cisgender in argumentation absent of eco vegetarian that increase an such concept through is It referent. Adams’ and category analytical an as transgender juxtaposing by applied self ethical one’s which to realm the increasing for possibilities delineate now will I argues for applicati whichanalyses in engaging by so do Theysystem. gender binary cisnormative the to appropriated are which identity, / sex culture, / nature mind, / body of notions dichotomous essentialistic 123). 2006: could This iden gender of appropriations essentialistic her of supportive are 63), (2013: the of part essential an challenge vegetarians become who “Men 58), (2013: eats”

Transgender as an analytical category is b category analytical as an Transgender lue, or is only of value to indicate the value of hierarchically higher positioned beings. Animals, beings. positioned higher hierarchically of value the indicate to value of only is or lue, r for someone else’s existence else’s someone for r

be explained by the fact that Adams situates herself within radical feminism (Tyler, feminism radical within herself situates Adams that fact the by explained be neec, u is ennfles elc ol uo wa i rfr t toaccord fail not there. We this (p.67). existence absent referentits own refers it what through upon there only is meaning the that contributesexperience literal,theoriginating, because is reflect It meaningfulness there. its not but and inference, there both is referent absent The Q er eco ueer ons of multiple material and discourse ons and of multiplematerial categories. analytical

- rtcss nw mate new criticisms,

roadly delineated in Chapter 1 (p. 24) (p. 1 Chapter in delineated roadly ’

(2013: 66 (2013: lied as an analytical categor analytical an as lied n and animals absent referents (2013: 219). An absent An 219). (2013: referents absent animals and n - eeain rtcl hoy niae ht overlapping that indicate theory critical vegetarian 42 ilss n tasedr tde al contest all studies transgender and rialisms -

human animal as an independent entity. When entity. independent an as animal human –

67). Adams (2013) explicates the concept of concept the explicates (2013) Adams 67). - human animals’ animals’ human - feminisms can transcend rooting their rooting transcend can feminisms y ,

. highlights how formations formations how highlights ‘ ae s t is fate

tity to biological sex. biological to tity

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a CEU eTD Collection cul through referents absent become women referents and absent butchering, become through Animals present. be first must they referent, absent an become to one For canon. Adams’ within referent absent an becoming of indicative being as considered be of ethics? ca her hamper notionsgender cisnormative deploymentsof Adams’ do How inclusion, operates which system, binary gender cisnormative the of realm eco vegetarian that showing ex eco an 11), (2011: Kemmerer oppression,” interlocking to central is “Dualism genders. of notions to regards with oppression of forms other highlight to argument patriarchy, towards contention of form a being vegetarianism and feminism of intertwining the about argument central Adams’ non mea their denote to discourse cultural on solely dependent one or discursive merely not non meat of comprehensions from stem which implications this, upon building intra of matter a is agency stated, previously non meat conceptualized I (2003), Barad an that show to me Re masculinity. hegemonic Adams, with accordance in and, health, positioning, social higher wealth, value, of indication an within considered when meaning hierarchy anthropocentric providing only meaningless, become instance, for plicates vegetarian eco vegetarian plicates - thinking Adams’ concept of the absent referent in juxtaposition with Barad’s agency, enables agency, Barad’s with juxtaposition in referent absent the of concept Adams’ thinking - osmto cn e ocpulzd s nleta i vros intra various in influential as conceptualized be can consumption

I am suggesting that individuals’, suggesting am I inevitably inevitably implying ml ae hs ee ecuiey bet within absent exclusively never thus are imals -

feminists’ acknowledgement of exclusionary binary systems. I am thus am I systems. binary exclusionary of acknowledgement feminists’ –

giving value to humans, who consider consumin consider who humans, to value giving

- - exclusion. exclusion. eiit’ tia self ethical feminists’ directional. For Barad, materialities are always intra always are materialities Barad, For directional. d oes not oes

provide indications of transferring the structure of her her of structure the transferring of indications provide

- who are are who no - osmto a aec o ehc ( ethics of agency as consumption actions, which are both discursive and materia and discursive both are which actions, 43

- elxvt, aiet isl sll wti the within solely itself manifests reflexivity, t compliant withcisgendert compliant normative nings. Therefore, an individuals’ meat meat individuals’ an Therefore, nings. - n codne ihn oi of logic within accordance in feminist from Adams’ canon, Adams’ from feminist discourse. ua voec, ae in rape, violence, tural - once directions. connected non’s manifestations manifestations non’s g animal flesh as an an as flesh animal g - consumption are are consumption . 35 p. hl following While - active and not and active –

37 l. And l. s, can s, can ). As

CEU eTD Collection overcome and change to trying in engagements their and oppression and injustice of recognitions through joined are solidarity in standing those Rather, 8). 2009: (Mallory, solidarity manifesting actions, add (2002) Solidarity’ ‘Political Plumwood’s consumption. p non meat of appropriations Adams’ feminisms. non meat individuals’ of political solidarity and ethical enhance and invisibility of implications these transcending to contribute eco vegetarian to category analytical an as transgender Applying other and trans, queer, disabled, of absence eco commitments. vegetarian political for implications has still absence socially their as yet feminisms, refe conceived absent not being thus individuals are individuals transgender Transgender unintelligible. to contributes in, partakes canon Adams’ as system, binary gender cisnormative the to solely argumentations appropriating that 126 (2004: contexts political disrupting of possibilities one’s disables that realm a within unthinkable being that indicates the domain through a of works production “Oppression covertly. work also can oppression that claim, 126) (2004: Butler’s to hints canon, Adams’ of cisnormativity from stems which absence, such However, referent. absent an of that be would stance their indicate solely thus can canon, Adams’ in discussed nor mentioned neither are who 66 (2013: Adams claims particular, atriarchy, thus present merely a limited array of political implications arising from meat non meat from arising implications political of array limited a merely present thus atriarchy,

implies relationality, yet does not cl not does yet relationality, implies

Adams’ canon. This very invisibility consequently also disables transgender transgender disables also consequently invisibility very This canon. Adams’ - consumption to be considered as agency of ethics within vegetarian eco vegetarian within ethics of agency as considered be to consumption “Thus, normative social spaces are structured around the presumed presumed the around structured are spaces social normative “Thus,

f nhnaiiy n unmaiiy” rus ulr 20: 2) She 126). (2004: Butler argues unnameability,” and unthinkability of – Trans

68). Transgender / cisgender non cisgender / Transgender 68). gender individuals are not present not are individuals gender resses this topic; her concept, concept, her topic; this resses marginalized subjects ( . . . ) claims Enke (2012: 75). (2012: Enke claims ) . . . ( subjects marginalized aim identifications with the other are necessary for for necessary are other the with identifications aim 44

- osmto sll a a otsain of contestation a as solely consumption ‘ regu lates the real and the and real the lates et wti vgtra eco vegetarian within rents - – feminisms discourse could could discourse feminisms

127). I am thu am I 127). - conforming individuals, individuals, conforming s - imilar to Barad’s intra Barad’s to imilar eiit’ tia and ethical feminists’ –

to become absent. become to nameable s suggesting s , ’

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CEU eTD Collection trans ‘ethical of notion 21 disidentifications, form creatingvisceral of a ethical trans feminism; ethical wome cisgender and animals nonhuman of eco agency ofethics. Vegetarian intra with cisnorm essentialist transgressing enable will This genders. considering re when solidarity and ethics to commitments with permeated work political providing politics, essent re to contributional be can notion re of and theories their constituting ethical of possibility the of exemplifier an is trans self ethical of usages with notions gender essentialist approaching eco of ‘downfall the of notion Gaard’s re for Potential sel non meat conceptualize to me enabled ( analysis within intertwined are discourses and materialities intr Barad’s of constitutive re is Nature forefronted. be should feminisms material and agency nature’s than rather that suggests Heckman, and (2011: Gaard materialisms. new feminist within conceptualized as re if expanded, (20 them

tia trans Ethical f - reflexivity, which can tore which reflexivity, applied be gender as an analytical category. Agency of transgender individuals’ meat non meat individuals’ transgender of Agency category. analytical an as gender a ntos f edr dniis n rte ta rieaig ocps f edr identity gender of concepts reiterating than rather and identities gender of notions ial 09: 8). Vegetarian eco Vegetarian 09: 8). - cinl tia self ethical actional - feminism will incorporate analyzed notions and arguments from Chapters 3 and 4, and the the and 4, and 3 Chapters from arguments and notions analyzed incorporate will feminism - constituted as ethically self ethically as constituted - omtos f eeain eco vegetarian of formations - feminism’ will be broadly depicted in Chapter 5. Chapter in depicted broadly be will feminism’

a - -

- cin, hr rltoaiis mn hmn n non and human among relationalities where actions, feminisms political relevance amidst feminisms has potential to beto feminisms amidstpotential feminismshaspolitical relevance - elxvt aiig rm osdrn ma non meat considering from arising reflexivity feminist ethics, which are already being applied alreadyfeminist to considerations are being ethics, which - constructions of feminist projects; distancing themselves from themselves distancing projects; feminist of constructions - usinn te cp o ter tia self ethical their of scope the questioning - consumption as agential, for which I argue fuels ethical fuels argue I which for agential, as consumption - - thinking analyticalthinking approaches of feminisms. ‘ - feminisms’ h gnee ad setait culture essentialist and gendered the reflexive amidst considering amidst reflexive , ol tu b taserd o n ra o diverse of array an to transferred be thus could n,

feminist projects to constantly be in a mode of re of mode a in be constantly to projects feminist 45 - eiit hois wih peetd through presented I which theories, feminist

( . 18 p. Gaard, Gaard, , a teeoe e hi be therefore may ),

- reflexivity in juxtaposition with with juxtaposition in reflexivity 2011: 42). Barad’s agency has agency Barad’s 42). 2011: 42), in dialogue with Alaimo with dialogue in 42), genders, ative notions of gender gender of notions ative - feminism. - ocpulzd as conceptualized - - - osmto as consumption diets and bodies and diets aue dualism, nature elxvt. This reflexivity. - consumption consumption dn within dden 21

- human, - - ’

CEU eTD Collection manife to encouragements its and eco vegetarian non meat individuals’ transgender of agency of usages transcend thus and genders, of notion the eco vegetarian notions, gender binary cisnormative of discourse perpetuating than Rather normativities. and oppression hegemonies constructed exposing of power immense have both which categories, and diet juxtaposing for argued I work. political for resource a thus cont Their (cisgender) of mutuality acknowledging eco vegetarian of canon Adams’ oppression. self ethical develop non Meat others. among and with relations c individual no relationality; non meat forefronts chapter This incorporating for argue material and livedembodied experiencesintoanalysis. rather and discourse, of level the on solely analysis to appropriated therefo studies transgender and materialisms new Both gender. of conceptualizations discursive their and canon Adams’ of implications political non meat transgender by narrated eco vegetarian of argumentation cisnormative inserting shift; analytical an delineated has argument multi po the explores which question, central thesis’ this to Contextual 4 3. iia ipiain o ma non meat of implications litical

Conclusion estations toward oppression are manifested by ethical meat non meat ethical by manifested are oppression toward estations - eiim’ tis hn osdrn gnes Ma non Meat genders. considering when ethics feminisms’

- reflexivity with rega with reflexivity an

iw hmevs oey s n niy wtot ead t intra to regards without entity, an as solely themselves view - st ethical self ethical st consumption as agency of eth of agency as consumption - - osmto ad igne non cisgender and consumption osmn idvdas ae f motne o ehcl and ethical for importance of are individuals, consuming - feminisms can deploy ethical self ethical deploy can feminisms - rds to acknowledging others’ experiences of injustice and injustice of experiences others’ acknowledging to rds human and non and human - feminisms are ethically self ethically are feminisms - - osmto t b cnrbtoa t enhancing to contributional be to consumption 46 - eiim. eeac of Relevance feminisms. - osmto a aec eals niiul to individuals enables agency as consumption reflexivity will thus be coupled with coupled be thus will reflexivity

e ots ntos f coasi, hc are which scholarship, of notions contest re gender identity politics. This would enable would This politics. identity gender

trans - human animals’ experiences oppression. experiences animals’ human gender as an analytical category into category analytical an as gender ics. Agency is inseparable from inseparable is Agency ics. - conformity, this chapter’s chapter’s this conformity, - trans - reflexivity to re to reflexivity

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fr om socially socially om arguments - thinking –

diet is diet - CEU eTD Collection p and normativities hegemonic transcend which 4, Chapter from olitical solidarity olitical

in 5 Chapter suggest

transgender meat non meat transgender . ,

to finally finally present ethical trans ethical present 47

- consuming embodiments have agency to agency have embodiments consuming - feminisms, a notion of ethical of notion a feminisms, CEU eTD Collection expressions (embodied) its and fluidity Gender disidentification. participants’ all be to articulated intertwin the consider then will I tosuperior regards in sex biological of signifiers material inferior as bodies posits which notion a essentialism; body fol will I identities. gender inscribed from separate entities be also can they but disidentification, one’sgender representing of means identity. gender Rather,becan bodies representatives of compulsory be to bodies (their) consider indicat participants how outline will I First reflections. disidentifications of array gender and provide and embodiments of correlations on thoughts Participants’ thesis. / nature culture, and mind, / body gender, / sex of logic binary the essentialism; body transcending non meat transgender of Agency vegetarian eco transgender into incorporated be agency,can which of having embodiments argument my upon build to me allow will interrelations These embodiment. consum non meat transgender of discourses through delineated as embodiment, how show will I them. amongsystem gender binary normativities,cisnormative the transcend hegemonic haveto agency tr present will chapter This 4.1 Chapter Introduction

ing participants, is very much in alignment with new materialisms’ conceptualizations of of conceptualizations materialisms’ new with alignment in much very is participants, ing which are issues I have been addressing in relation to Adams’ canon throughout this this throughout canon Adams’ to relation in addressing been have I issues are which

4: “Bodies theirownthey have to consume which light live:they are not they litfromthe burn, outside.” - feminisms’ considerations of genders. feminisms’ considerations of (Gendered

compulsory ansgender meat non meat ansgender

cisnormative gender identity. gender cisnormative ) E ) ing of notions of embodiment and gender fluidity, which was which fluidity, gender and embodiment of notions of ing - mbodiment consuming embodiments will be presented as a potential for potential a as presented be will embodiments consuming o wt dlnaig atcpns clig fr overcoming for callings participants’ delineating with low 48 - consuming embodiments as materialities, which materialities, as embodiments consuming

Mind

over expanding ethical com ethical expanding

Matter ? ed that they do not not do they that ed

mitments of of mitments Egon Schiele -

CEU eTD Collection notions of bodies as follows: binary and vegetarianism discusses (2013) Adams inextricable. as identity sex biological compulsory a the to attributed as identity gender and gender, one’s of signifiers mandatory as sex w system, binary gender cisnormative the to appropriated is canon the inevitable; is This canon. Adams’ of arguments with alignment in is which bodies, sexed biologically ind reflect gender between assume they discrepancies Rather, presentations. gender expect and sex not biological do people indicate 443) 2009: Westbrook, & Schilt in (1987 Zimmerman & West gender. of notions identificational and attributes sexual cate the of eco vegetarian on impacts political and ethical their for arguing of possibility the for agency, having as understood be must embodiments Transgender 4.2 I presentwhere will thenotion trans of ethical 5, Chapter in place take will 4 and 3 Chapters from arguments Linking feminisms. within logic wh non meat ethical transcending by projects ethical a materialities of intertwining non meat transgender that show of socio non meat Davis’ “Situating(2009).Following(1993) and “Fluidity”” these worksshowthattransgender will in depicted as performativity gender of notion Butler’s with correlated be will en incorporated into analysis, argues for coupling materialities and discourse to contest binary binary contest to discourse and materialities coupling for argues analysis, into incorporated en iig o contribute to aiming C - cultural intelligibilities of genders of intelligibilities cultural onceptualizing Transgender Bodies Embodiment: - consuming embodiments have potential of contributing to contributing of potential have embodiments consuming gories of sex and gender have provided a dichotomy between the physical signifiers of signifiers physical the between dichotomy a provided have gender and sex of gories - osmto o tasedr niiul fes tia self ethical fuels individuals transgender of consumption o expand to

nd discourse can can discourse nd - the cisnormative gender binary system. Chapter 3 showed how showed 3 Chapter system. binary gender cisnormative the consuming embodiments’ have the ability to exemplify how the how exemplify to ability the have embodiments’ consuming ing

feminisms exemplified withi exemplified - feminism. contribute to enhancing vegetarian eco vegetarian enhancing to contribute 49

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l t e I have provided a broad delineation of new materialisms and the notion of agency in previous chapters; chapters; previous in agency of notion the and materialisms new of delineation broad a provided have I New materialisms challenge the fact that matter is being depicted as passive, with reasons to undo the the undo to reasons with passive, as depicted being is matter that fact the challenge materialisms New a r c y t h i k o a e n n r lisms forefront the notion that material bodies and their representations are not separate, separate, not are representations their and bodies material that notion the forefront lisms s , i –

c h 2006: 9). Similarly, new materialisms 9).Similarly,2006: new also questiondivisions. binary a i xi in Lane, 2009: 141). 2009: Lane, in xi p l l ed their dissent through vegetarianism,” claims Adams (2013: 213). Due to agency of agency to Due 213). (2013: Adams claims vegetarianism,” through dissent their ed

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linguistic, social linguistic, 51 ‘ the stability of the material referent ‘sex’ and and ‘sex’ referent material the of stability the

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CEU eTD Collection realms.discursive culturally amidst produced thus is materiality bodies’ the socio activevs. passive bodies biological of feminist separations to 2).Not abiding (1993: controls upon bodies it indi She performativity. In feminisms, within hegemonies social Butler. with for calls engaging powers of normativ social hegemonic constructed non meat and disidentifications presentations, gender their that delineated consistently Participants Socoliuc. emb and bodies on thoughts Participants’ 2). (2013: power relations traditional destabilizing within agency and resistance for potentialities new an of consequently enabler and contradictory decentred, as power of considerations posits complexity and subjects (2013: Socoliuc claims agentic, symbolic,also but merely not both are objects,bodies their and are people (un)making self and identities of processes Within Jonna. said fixed Theref gender. a specific being not one to embodiment correlated aren’t “Bodies disidentifications. and minds, their thoughts, their of for representation advocated strongly participants genders, with non cisgender consumption of manifestations from stems partially which non meat Transgender agential. also are embodiments Bodies 142). (2009: variance gender to relation in bodies,also and biology,sex, of distinctions researching for tools analytical provide (1994) Grosz (Haraway(1991), discourse in passivelyconstructed not are bodies biological which within construction, and materiality Feminist materialisms new have of provided conceptualizations new Bodies That Matter That Bodies , Barad (1996), Fausto(1996), Barad , – -

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