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Angolan Giraffe (Giraffa Camelopardalis Ssp
Angolan Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis ssp. angolensis) Appendix 1: Historical and recent geographic range and population of Angolan Giraffe G. c. angolensis Geographic Range ANGOLA Historical range in Angola Giraffe formerly occurred in the mopane and acacia savannas of southern Angola (East 1999). According to Crawford-Cabral and Verissimo (2005), the historic distribution of the species presented a discontinuous range with two, reputedly separated, populations. The western-most population extended from the upper course of the Curoca River through Otchinjau to the banks of the Kunene (synonymous Cunene) River, and through Cuamato and the Mupa area further north (Crawford-Cabral and Verissimo 2005, Dagg 1962). The intention of protecting this western population of G. c. angolensis, led to the proclamation of Mupa National Park (Crawford-Cabral and Verissimo 2005, P. Vaz Pinto pers. comm.). The eastern population occurred between the Cuito and Cuando Rivers, with larger numbers of records from the southeast corner of the former Mucusso Game Reserve (Crawford-Cabral and Verissimo 2005, Dagg 1962). By the late 1990s Giraffe were assumed to be extinct in Angola (East 1999). According to Kuedikuenda and Xavier (2009), a small population of Angolan Giraffe may still occur in Mupa National Park; however, no census data exist to substantiate this claim. As the Park was ravaged by poachers and refugees, it was generally accepted that Giraffe were locally extinct until recent re-introductions into southern Angola from Namibia (Kissama Foundation 2015, East 1999, P. Vaz Pinto pers. comm.). BOTSWANA Current range in Botswana Recent genetic analyses have revealed that the population of Giraffe in the Central Kalahari and Khutse Game Reserves in central Botswana is from the subspecies G. -
Southern Africa Stay Updated INNOVATIVE and AUTHENTIC HOLIDAYS ON
Tailor-Made SOUTHERN AFRICA Stay updated INNOVATIVE AND AUTHENTIC HOLIDAYS ON WWW.SPRINGBOKATLAS.COM Our Tailor-Made travel ideas show a sample of the selection of innovative, authentic and competitively priced holidays we can tailor-make to your requirements. Visit our website for more details on these sample travel ideas as well as a range of other Southern African travel options for tailor-made individual or group travel. Key information available online for Tailor-Made Other useful information online Travel ideas: • Why Tailor-Made Travel • Tour Summary: evocative description summary • Digi- Brochures • Highlights: key highlights or unique selling points • Destination Highlights • Overview: notes, dates, rates, includes and excludes • About Us • Detailed itinerary: day-by-day itinerary • Contact Us • Map & attractions: fully interactive map with tour route & overnight locations • Accommodation: descriptions & images www.springbokatlas.com For more details on tailor-made travel and more travel ideas, please visit our website regularly. Contents SOUTH AFRICA ZAMBIA 9 days Cape Cultivars & Wildlife Wonders 3 3 days Zambezi River Safari 30 7 days Classic Cape Town & Safari 3 4 days Exploring Livingstone 30 10 days Timeless South Africa 5 9 days KwaZulu-Natal Insights 5 ZIMBABWE 4 days Lake Kariba Fly-In 31 NAMIBIA 4 days Mana Pools Fly-In 31 9 days Namibia Southern Journey 7 11 days Best of Namibia 7 MOZAMBIQUE 9 days Namibia Desert Encounter 9 3 days Exploring Maputo 32 7 days Unforgettable Namibia 9 4 days Wild Niassa Fly-In 32 4 days -
A 12-Day Wildlife Adventure from Etosha Pan in Namibia, to the Okavango Delta in Botswana and Victoria Falls in Zambia
A 12-day wildlife adventure from Etosha Pan in Namibia, to the Okavango Delta in Botswana and Victoria Falls in Zambia This tour offers you a birding and wildlife adventure that combines the best highlights in three countries: Namibia, Botswana and Zambia. We begin our tour in Namibia on the spectacular Waterberg Plateau, which hosts rare birds difficult to find elsewhere in the country. The woodlands and savannah of the arid Etosha Pan provide one of the best game watching in Africa and a totally different array of birds. Tropical woodlands of the Caprivi Strip and the floodplains of the Kavango and Zambezi Rivers offer some of the most exciting birding and animal watching in Africa. We will cross the border with Botswana and enter the Okavango Delta, one of the most pristine and unspoiled wetlands on Earth, with spectacular bird and wildlife watching. For some though, the highlight will be sightseeing of one of the seven natural wonders of the world, the spectacular Victoria Falls in Zambia. Such an array of varied of habitats in three different countries provides incredible contrasts and wildlife encounters like no other. To enhance our experience of the African bush, we will have at our disposal a full time local guide and a safari vehicle with a pop top roof. You can expect to see about 350 bird species on this tour. ITINERARY Day 1 Setting down at are excellent for most Windhoek airport in of Namibian’s specials, the morning, you will be including Hartlaub's met by our guide and Spurfowl, Rüppell's myself and transferred to a Parrot, Violet Wood- charming lodge on the Hoopoe, Bradfield's outskirts of the city. -
Giraffid – Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014
Giraffid Newsletter of the IUCN SSC Giraffe & Okapi Specialist Group Note from the Co-Chairs Volume 8(1), September 2014 Giraffe conservation efforts have never been as internationally prominent as Inside this issue: they are today – exciting times! The Giraffe Conservation Foundation’s launch of World Giraffe Day – 21 June 2014 resulted in the biggest single event for giraffe The first-ever World Giraffe Day 2 conservation in history, bringing together a network of like-minded enthusiasts GiraffeSpotter.org – A citizen science online platform for giraffe observations 5 from around the world to raise awareness and funds. This first annual event can only get bigger and better, and a great step towards a ‘One Plan’ approach for Rothschild’s refuge 6 giraffe. A historic overview of giraffe distribution in Namibia 8 In this issue of Giraffid Paul Rose and Julian further explore the steps taken Going to new length: A ‘One Plan towards building a more collaborative approach between the in situ and ex situ Approach’ for giraffe 13 communities, based initially on critical research and now undertaking targeted Enrichment methods used for Giraffa efforts to save giraffe. From studbook analysis to historical distributions of camelopardalis and Gazella dama mhorr giraffe, and oxpeckers to flamingos, this issue is filled with interesting tales and at East Midland Zoological Society 15 stories, not to forget David Brown’s piece on lion vs. giraffe! Clawing their way to the top: Lion vs. Over the past six months the IUCN SSC Giraffe & Okapi Specialist Group have giraffe! 19 worked hard to undertake the first-ever IUCN Red List assessments of all giraffe New project: Giraffe within the Free State Nature Reserve 20 (sub)species. -
Extinction Risk Globally Endangered
Conservation news 327 extinction risk Globally Endangered (GE), Evolutionarily New tourism concessions in National Parks to Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) scores can be benefit community conservancies in Namibia computed for designing conservation strategies (see www. edgeofexistence.org). Although the long-term survival of protected areas is widely fi The availability of genetic data resources linked to a large believed to depend on them bene ting local communities, and reliable repository of taxonomy is therefore essential it is unusual for communities to be given major tourism for phylogenetically informed conservation strategies. opportunities in national parks. The recent allocation During 2010–2013 the EU Indexing for Life (i4Life) project of tourism concessions to community conservancies in (www.i4life.eu), coordinated at the University of Reading, Namibia has passed with little comment and should be ’ UK, established a virtual research community to enable six recognized more widely as a major milestone in Namibia s partners to engage in a programme to enumerate the support for community-based conservation. extent of life. The partners were the Global Biodiversity The development of the Caprivi Nature Park provided the fi fi Information Facility, the European Molecular Biology rst impetus towards community bene ts from protected- 1990 Laboratory–European Bioinformatics Institute, IUCN, area tourism in Namibia. At independence in local 6 000 LifeWatch, the Encyclopedia of Life, and the Barcode of people (about , of whom lived in the Park) agreed that it Life programme. should be upgraded to the Bwabwata National Park only if fi The project built on the common need of these partners they were to be the primary bene ciaries. -
Understanding the Behavioural Trade-Offs Made by Blue Wildebeest (Connochaetes Taurinus): the Importance of Resources, Predation and the Landscape
Understanding the behavioural trade-offs made by blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus): the importance of resources, predation and the landscape Rebecca Dannock Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Zoology A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2016 School of Biological Sciences Abstract Prey individuals must constantly make decisions regarding safety and resource acquisition to ensure that they acquire enough resources without being predated upon. These decisions result in a trade-off between resource acquisition behaviours (such as foraging and drinking) and safety behaviours (such as grouping and vigilance). This trade- off is likely to be affected by the social and environmental factors that an individual experiences, including the individual’s location in the landscape. The overall objective of my PhD was to understand the decisions a migratory ungulate makes in order to acquire enough resources, while not becoming prey, and to understand how these decisions are influenced by social and environmental factors. In order to do this, I studied the behaviour of blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) in Etosha National Park, Namibia, between 2013 and 2015. I studied wildebeests’ behaviour while they acquired food and water and moved within the landscape. Along with observational studies, I also used lion (Panthera leo) roar playbacks to experimentally manipulate perceived predator presence to test wildebeests’ responses to immediate predation risk. For Chapter 2 I studied the foraging-vigilance trade-off of wildebeest to determine how social and environmental factors, including the location within the landscape, were correlated with wildebeests’ time spent foraging and vigilant as well as their bite rate. -
Namibia's Etosha Pan & Skeleton Coast
Namibia's Etosha Pan & Skeleton Coast Naturetrek Tour Report 30 October - 15 November 2015 Black Rhinoceros Elephant Family Flamingoes at Walvis Bay The desert Report compiled by Rob Mileto Images courtesy of Ingrid William Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Namibia's Etosha Pan & Skeleton Coast Tour Participants: Rob Mileto, Festus Mbinga & Franco Morao (leaders) and 12 Naturetrek clients Day 1 Friday 30th October London Heathrow to Johannesburg We all met up, mostly at the gate, for an uneventful overnight flight to Johannesburg in our double-decker plane Day 2 Saturday 31st October Johannesburg to Namib Grens Farm (via Windhoek) Weather: hot and sunny. The bleary but keen-eyed spotted our first southern African bird, a Rock Martin, from the Johannesburg airport terminal building. After a welcome coffee or two, a further short flight over the Kalahari brought us to Windhoek. Here we met out local guides, Festus and Franco, and were soon aboard our extended Land Rovers that were to be our transport and ‘hides’ for the next two weeks. Then we were off. After passing through Windhoek, we were soon out in the wilds and spotting lots of new birds and mammals like Chacma Baboon, Springbok, Cape Starling, Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill, White- backed Mousebird, Pale Chanting Goshawk and Ostrich. All these distractions meant that we arrived at Namib Grens after dark. The bungalows here are literally built around granite boulders which form some of the walls, and after a hearty farm dinner we retired to our beds amongst the rocks – one complete with a Rock Hyrax stuck in the bath! Day 3 Sunday 1st November Namib Grens to Kulala Weather: hot and sunny. -
Kunene Regional Ecological Analyses 2011 Annual Report: Assisting Conservancies with Seasonal Wildlife Monitoring Efforts
Round River Conservation Studies Kunene Regional Ecological Analyses 2011 Annual Report: Assisting Conservancies with Seasonal Wildlife Monitoring Efforts January 26, 2012 Wildlife Monitoring in Namibia’s Kunene Region – Round River 2011 2 Wildlife Monitoring in Namibia’s Kunene Region – Round River 2011 Kunene Regional Ecological Analyses: Assisting Conservancies with Seasonal Wildlife Monitoring Annual Report to the Namibia Ministry of Environment and Tourism, with respect to Research Permit # 1621/2011 January 26, 2012 Dr. Kimberly S. Heinemeyer1, Lead Scientist Contributing authors: R. Karimi, V. Endjala, C. Fancik, M. Hogfeldt, A. LeClerq, M. Louis, J. Miller, A. Shawler, R. Tingey, and E. Youngblood Cite as: Heinemeyer, K. S., R. Karimi, V. Endjala, C. Fancik, M. Hogfeldt, A. LeClerq, M. Louis, J. Miller, A. Shawler, R. Tingey, and E. Youngblood. Kunene Regional Ecological Analysis: Assisting conservancies with seasonal wildlife monitoring. 2011 Annual Report to the Namibia Ministry of Environment and Tourism. Available at www.roundriver.org 1 Contact: Round River Conservation Studies, 284 West 400 North Suite, Salt Lake City, UT 84103; [email protected] 3 Wildlife Monitoring in Namibia’s Kunene Region – Round River 2011 4 Wildlife Monitoring in Namibia’s Kunene Region – Round River 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. -
A History of Human-Lion Interactions in Northwest Namibia, 1800S-1980S. John Heydinger University of Minnesota Macquarie University
Submitted for Review – Not for Circulation A History of Human-Lion Interactions in Northwest Namibia, 1800s-1980s. John Heydinger University of Minnesota Macquarie University ABSTRACT Within the history of human-lion interactions in northwest Namibia the presence or absence of livestock is shown to be the critical mediating factors. By contextualizing mid-twentieth century human-lion interactions withing the contrasting spaces of Etosha and Kaokoveld in relation to a longer history of humans-lion interactions, the formative factors of human-lion conflict (HLC) are revealed. Asymmetric racialized colonial-era policies which marginalized HLC among African inhabitants while privileging the perspective of white farmers and conservationists have had ongoing effects on the survival of lions. Drawing together archival documents, published sources, and extensive interviews, this article uses historical approaches to contextualize ongoing HLC for wildlife conservationists, human-animal studies scholars, and historians of African environments. INTRODUCTION At independence (1990), Namibia ushered in a new era of wildlife conservation, based upon a paradigm of devolving conditional rights to local communities. This approach has been deemed a success.1 However, challenges remain. Among these are high levels of human-lion conflict (HLC) on communal land in northwest Namibia. HLC affects both the livelihoods of the region’s pastoral inhabitants and the viability of its free-ranging lion population.2 These linked economic and conservation challenges are a contemporary manifestation of the history of human-livestock-lion interactions in northwest Namibia. The presence or absence of livestock was, and remains, an important mediator of human-lion interactions. This case study compares the history of human-lion interactions in the neighboring spaces of Etosha National Park and the Kaokoveld ‘ethnic homeland,’ emphasizing the mid-twentieth century. -
Humans, Livestock, and Lions in Northwest Namibia
Humans, Livestock, and Lions in Northwest Namibia John Moore Heydinger M. Phil Conservation Biology BA (Hons) Environmental and Geographic Studies BA History Department of Geography and Planning Macquarie University, Australia Supervisor: Emily O’Gorman, PhD Program in the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine University of Minnesota Supervisor: Susan Jones, PhD/DVM January 2020 This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Copyright 2020 John Moore Heydinger M a p o f n o r t h w e s t N a m i b i a s h o w i n g i F Figure 1: Rivers, relevant historical and contemporary boundaries, towns, settlements, and places of interest mentioned in the text. Created by author. i TABLE OF CONTENTS Map of Northwest Namibia………………………………………………….…………... i Contents………………………………………………………………………………….. ii Abstract & Statement of Originality…….……………………………………………… iii List of Images………………………………………….…………..……….………….... iv Timeline………………………………………………….………………….……………..v Abbreviations, Permits, & Support……………………………………..……………… vi Dedication & Acknowledgements…………………..…………………..…………….. vii Introduction….……………………………………………….…………………………....1 Chapter 1: Eserewondo Ozongombe: livestock as sites of power and resistance in Kaokoveld, Namibia, 1800s-1940s…………………..…………..31 Chapter 2: Vermin: predator eradication as an expression of white supremacy in colonial Namibia, 1921-1952………………………..….……...59 Chapter 3: The Social Causes and Environmental Effects of Apartheid in Etosha-Kaokoveld, 1948-1970s………………………….……………. 82 Chapter 4: Lions in Northwest Namibia: Etosha and the northern Namib, 1800s-1990s………………………………………..………………121 Chapter 5: The Desert-adapted Lions of the Northern Namib, 1980s-2010……………………………………………………..……………..151 Chapter 6: Desert-adapted lions and CBNRM, 2010s-?......................................183 Conclusions: Looking Forward…Looking Back…………………………...………..215 Bibliography……………………………………………….………………………...... 223 Appendix 1: Publication: Desert-adapted lions on communal land.….…………. 241 Appendix 2: NWLWG 2020-2022 Interim Quota Recommendations ….………. -
RR Kunene Wildlife Monitoring
Kunene Regional Ecological Analyses: Assisting Conservancies with Seasonal Wildlife Monitoring 2013-14 Progress Report to the Namibia Ministry of Environment and Tourism September 2, 2014 Dr. Kimberly S. Heinemeyer1, Lead Scientist Contributing authors: R. Karimi, V. Kasupi, J. Smith 1 Contact: Round River Conservation Studies, 284 West 400 North Suite, Salt Lake City, UT 84103; [email protected] KREA Seasonal Wildlife Monitoring Progress Report, September 2014 Round River Conservation Studies 2 KREA Seasonal Wildlife Monitoring Progress Report, September 2014 Round River Conservation Studies CONTENTS Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................ 6 Background .................................................................................................................................. 7 Field Effort and Data Summary ............................................................................................... 11 Population Estimates for Surveys in October-November 2013 and March-April 2014 ........ 15 Methods .................................................................................................................................................................................. 15 Additional Factors taken into Distance-based Population Estimates ................................................... -
A Classification of the Vegetation of the Etosha National Park
S. Afr. J. Bot., 1988, 54(1); 1 - 10 A classification of the vegetation of the Etosha National Park C.J.G. Ie Roux*, J.O. Grunowt, J.W. Morris" G.J. Bredenkamp and J.C. Scheepers1 Department of Nature Conservation and Tourism, S.W.A.!Namibia Administration; Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001 Republic of South Africa; 1Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, Pretoria, 0001 Republic of South Africa and Potchefstroom University for C.H.E., Potchefstroom, 2520 Republic of South Africa Present addresses: C.J.G. Ie Roux - Dohne Agricultural Research Station, Private Bag X15, Stutterheim, 4930 Republic of South Africa and J.W. Morris - P.O. Box 912805, Silverton, 0127 Republic of South Africa t Deceased Accepted 11 July 1987 The Etosha National Park has been divided into 31 plant communities on the basis of floristic, edaphic and topographic features, employing a Braun - Blanquet type of phytosociological survey. The vegetation and soils of six major groups of plant communities are described briefly, and a vegetation map delineating the extent of 30 plant communities is presented. Die Nasionale Etoshawildtuin is in 31 hoof plantgemeenskappe verdeel op basis van floristiese, edafiese en topografiese kenmerke met behulp van 'n Braun - Blanquet-tipe fitososiologiese opname. Die plantegroei en gronde van ses hoofgroepe plantgemeenskappe word kortliks beskryf en 'n plantegroeikaart wat 30 plantgemeenskappe afbaken, word aangebied. Keywords: Edaphic features, phytosociological survey, vegetation map *To whom correspondence should be addressed Introduction with aeolian Kalahari-type sands. The first two major soil The Etosha National Park is situated in the north of South groups are probably related to shrinking of the Pan, and the West Africa/Namibia and straddles the 19° South latitude aeolian sands are a more recent overburden.