DOCSLIB.ORG

Your Undivided Attention Podcast Episode 7: Sorry for the Interruptions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Your Undivided Attention Podcast Episode 7: Sorry for the Interruptions Center for Humane Technology | Your Undivided Attention Podcast Episode 7: Sorry for the Interruptions Gloria Mark: We carried around stopwatches, and we timed every single activity that people did to the second. Tristan Harris: That's Gloria Mark. Back in 2004, she convinced a random sample of office workers to essentially ignore the clicking of her stopwatch as she timed their every move. Gloria Mark: They turned to their email. That would be start time. Click on the stopwatch. Then they'd turn away from email. That would be stop time. Click on the stopwatch. We recorded all these things, so we could be as precise as possible. Tristan Harris: Precision mattered because Gloria wanted to know exactly what people meant by the word multitasking. Remember, this was the early 2000s at the height of the multitasking craze, but it was a totally vague concept. I mean, just how many tasks did the average worker juggle? What is a task? It was anybody's guess until Gloria and her colleagues answered the question with scientific precision. Gloria Mark: And we found that people switched actions about every three minutes. That's not just what they're doing on the computer, but what they're doing on the phone and interacting with people. At the time, this was 2004, people were shocked that it was three minutes. They thought that was a very short amount of time. Tristan Harris: Three minutes of uninterrupted attention by today's standards is remarkably long. I mean, it's luxurious. Gloria Mark: The most recent statistic we have is back from 2016 where people's attention on their computer for any screen, the median length was about 40 seconds. Tristan Harris: 40 seconds before your attention breaks. It takes an act of extreme self- awareness to even notice all of these hairline fractures. When our attention breaks so chronically and so pervasively, we're not even noticing the full toll that it takes on us. We need a researcher like Gloria Mark with her stopwatch to measure the problem with precision. Over the past 15 years, she's created a whole new set of methods to trace our cursor movements and our eyes and even our heartbeats as we work. Tristan Harris: On today's show, Gloria Mark, a professor of informatics at the University of California at Irvine will share her latest findings from the science of interruptions. The symptoms are shocking, but they shouldn't be. I mean, we're all experiencing it, and for the sake of our sanity, we have to stop pardoning the interruptions. I'm Tristan Harris. Aza Raskin: And I'm Aza Raskin. This is Your Undivided Attention. Aza Raskin: We're surrounded by distractions and yet they're invisible to us. I want to know how did you start noticing this thing we can't notice. 1 of 14 Center for Humane Technology | Your Undivided Attention Podcast Episode 7: Sorry for the Interruptions Gloria Mark: The trigger was a cultural change that I went through. Whenever I do research it's always inspired by some kind of personal experience. I moved in the year 2000 from Germany where I had been living for some time back to the US. When I was in Germany, there was a common practice that you would go out to lunch with your colleagues, and then we would take a walk around this campus. It was a beautiful campus. It's called a round. You'd just take a round. Then you get back to work. Gloria Mark: I come to the US, and it was all I could do to buy a sandwich between my classes or between classes and a meeting. Rush back to my office, and sit in front of my computer and eat my lunch. As I walked down the hall, all my colleagues with their doors open were doing exactly the same thing, because we just didn't have the time to do all these things. I really, really began to wonder to what extent do other people experience this? That's how I became interested in distractions, interruptions, multitasking. Aza Raskin: Are there a lot of people besides you working on just measuring and seeing what's happening to our attention? Gloria Mark: There are some researchers. I wish there were more. I find this topic to be so profound and so important. I just wish that there would be an entire field around this topic. It's not just computers though. It's just a wider spectrum across society. I was just recently looking at statistics on television viewing, and there's something called the average shot length or median shot length. I found a site that had tracked these shot lengths over the years, and it's actually quite short. It's amazing. Gloria Mark: Actually I'm looking at this graph now, and I see that, if we're looking at average shot length, it was about 13 seconds in the 1950s and the last year they have is 2010, and it's probably about three and a half seconds. Tristan Harris: Wow. Gloria Mark: Similar things in films. It depends on the director. But the shot lengths also seem to be decreasing. So, we're getting bombarded from all directions. I'm not sure of the cause and effect. I'm not sure if people are being trained to have short attention spans from TV and films and then applying it to computers, or if their short attention spans have developed from computer activity, but I will say that when people go on a computer we have access to more information and more people faster than we ever have had in history. That just feeds into the natural curiosity of humans. Tristan Harris: Was it in one of your studies you mentioned ... I know that there's probably a more recent stat now, but how many hours information workers spend in their email? Gloria Mark: People average about 74 times a day checking their email, but each time they check their email, they spend about 32 seconds on average. You could imagine all these interruptions that are happening throughout the day, checking the 2 of 14 Center for Humane Technology | Your Undivided Attention Podcast Episode 7: Sorry for the Interruptions email and spending this amount of time, and then having to reorient back to work. I remember the high person in our sample checked it 435 a day. Tristan Harris: Wow. Aza Raskin: Oh my god. Wow. I'm really curious. What happens in that moment that you get distracted, or you self-interrupt. You go to your email. What does the process look like to get back to what you were doing? Gloria Mark: Well, people have to cognitively reorient where they were, and this is an extra cognitive load because you have to recall, for example, where you were if you're working on a document. What was your train of thought before you got interrupted, and I want to mention one thing that I think is very relevant. We looked at types of interruptions, and we tend to think of interruptions as only coming from external identifiable sources like email notifications, or social media notifications, but about half of all interruptions are due to one self. We call these self interruptions. Tristan Harris: Half of interruptions are coming from the inside. Gloria Mark: From the inside, so the way to explain it is that you're observing someone and they're typing in a Word document, and then for no explainable reason, they suddenly stop and they check email, or they stop and they pick up their phone, or they stop and they just look up something on the web, which may or may not be related to what they're doing. Tristan Harris: I found this part of your research on self interruptions profound, because you have a theory about how these external interruptions beget internal or self interruptions. Gloria Mark: Yes. We had looked at the data, and we divided the data into hourly segments. We had collected a fair amount of people because we're tracking them over multiple days and the frequency of what we call external interruptions. That's from say, email notifications, some external source, and we looked at the frequency of what we call self interruptions. We find that when the external interruption frequency wanes, its very interesting. The internal interruptions tend to kick in. It's as though people are just habituated to being interrupted. To having these short attention spans, and if the interruption is not coming from some external source, then people self interrupt. Aza Raskin: One of your studies you cut off information workers from email for five days. What happened? Gloria Mark: Yes. We did. We had people walking around the office wearing heart rate monitors. We measured them for a week, and we got their average stress experience and the next week, email was cut off, and when email was cut off, people because significantly less stressed and focused significantly longer. The flip side of focus is looking at switching between screens, and people switched about half as frequently as they did with email. One might think, "Oh yeah, you 3 of 14 Center for Humane Technology | Your Undivided Attention Podcast Episode 7: Sorry for the Interruptions take away email. Of course, you're going to switch less." Not necessarily because email is just one source of switching. Gloria Mark: The way I interpret this is that people have this habit of checking email.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reconnect Discussion Guide
    Reconnect Discussion Guide Spiritual Restoration in Beloved Community 4 Sessions Ed Cyzewski Reconnect Study Guide • 2 CONTENTS IDEAS FOR USING THIS DISCUSSION GUIDE Session 1: Do We Know Paradise Is All around Us? Introduction Session 2: How Digital Technology Shapes Us 1 The Goal of Digital Formation 2 How Digital Formation Changes Us 3 How Digital Formation Hinders Spirituality Session 3: How to Make Space for Spiritual Restoration 4 Where Two or Three Are Texting in My Name 5 The Goal of Spiritual Formation 6 Detoxing from Distractions Session 4: Practices for Spiritual Restoration 7 Get a Habit . Like Monks and Nuns 8 Reconnect with the Good and Beautiful IDEAS FOR USING THIS DISCUSSION GUIDE The Reconnect Discussion Guide has been designed with groups and individuals in mind who want to spend some time further discussing or pondering the ideas in Reconnect. This discussion guide is broken up into four separate sessions for group discussion over a four-week period. Just substitute the word session with week, and you’ll be ready to go. The chapters from Reconnect: Spiritual Res- toration from Digital Distraction show up in the same order as the book. Each session in the study guide begins with a simple introduction to the ideas discussed in the corresponding chapters of Reconnect. For a single session study, consider selecting one quote and two discussion questions from each session. I have pulled many of the longer quotes from the book and added more context from the original source when helpful. Finally, I’ll wrap up with a few questions for discussion and next steps to consider putting into practice.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Book
    0111001001101011 01THE00101010100 0111001001101001 010PSYHOLOGY0111 011100OF01011100 010010010011010 0110011SILION011 01VALLEY01101001 ETHICAL THREATS AND EMOTIONAL UNINTELLIGENCE 01001001001110IN THE TECH INDUSTRY 10 0100100100KATY COOK 110110 0110011011100011 The Psychology of Silicon Valley “As someone who has studied the impact of technology since the early 1980s I am appalled at how psychological principles are being used as part of the busi- ness model of many tech companies. More and more often I see behaviorism at work in attempting to lure brains to a site or app and to keep them coming back day after day. This book exposes these practices and offers readers a glimpse behind the “emotional scenes” as tech companies come out psychologically fir- ing at their consumers. Unless these practices are exposed and made public, tech companies will continue to shape our brains and not in a good way.” —Larry D. Rosen, Professor Emeritus of Psychology, author of 7 books including The Distracted Mind: Ancient Brains in a High Tech World “The Psychology of Silicon Valley is a remarkable story of an industry’s shift from idealism to narcissism and even sociopathy. But deep cracks are showing in the Valley’s mantra of ‘we know better than you.’ Katy Cook’s engaging read has a message that needs to be heard now.” —Richard Freed, author of Wired Child “A welcome journey through the mind of the world’s most influential industry at a time when understanding Silicon Valley’s motivations, myths, and ethics are vitally important.” —Scott Galloway, Professor of Marketing, NYU and author of The Algebra of Happiness and The Four Katy Cook The Psychology of Silicon Valley Ethical Threats and Emotional Unintelligence in the Tech Industry Katy Cook Centre for Technology Awareness London, UK ISBN 978-3-030-27363-7 ISBN 978-3-030-27364-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27364-4 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2020 This book is an open access publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Media Impacts on Social & Political Goods: a Peacebuilding Perspective
    Policy Brief No. 20 APLN/CNND 1 Policy Brief #22 October 2018 Social Media Impacts on Social & Political Goods: A Peacebuilding Perspective Lisa Schirch The Toda Peace Institute and the Alliance for Peacebuilding are hosting a series of policy briefs discussing social media impacts on social and political goods. Over the next several months, top experts and thought leaders will provide insight into social media’s threats and opportunities. This first briefing provides a conceptual summary, and a set of policy recommendations to address the significant threats to social and political goods. The Full Report provides a more in-depth literature review and explanation of key themes. ABSTRACT Social media is both an asset and a threat to social and political goods. This first in a series of policy briefs on social media aims to build the capacity of civil society to un- derstand the economic and psychological appeal of social media, identify the range of opportunities and challenges related to social media, and promote discussion on po- tential solutions to these challenges. Currently, few in civil society or government un- derstand how social media works. Technology experts and investor-oriented social media platforms cannot address the opportunities and challenges brought by social media capabilities. Together, government, corporations, and civil society, need to find ways to respond to the growing crisis of social media ethics and impacts. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • All forms of media hold the potential for both solving and amplifying so- cial and political problems. Media is, as its Latin root suggests, “in the mid- dle”; it is a channel for communication between people.
    [Show full text]
  • Tristan Harris
    No Turning Back: Tristan Harris CHRIS: Thanks for joining us. Okay. Looking forward to this discussion with Tristan Harris, Tristan is really an exceptional leader in the tech space. Um, if you've seen the documentary "Social Dilemma" on Netflix, or if you're even deep, more deeply invested in thinking about the future of how technology, social media should be leveraged in our society, then you're familiar with, uh, Tristan and his work. Uh, he's a, he's a young guy came up in the tech space. Um, but early on had, uh, an awareness and a recognition that how we were leveraging technology, especially in the social media domain, uh, the, the addictive nature of the devices that surround us, um, as a knock on effect of all of that development was having, uh, questionable facts and, and development uncertainty about the long-term future and how the tech sector broadly was thinking about, uh, its its use of technology and technology's role in society. And so, our conversation today focuses around that. And what's interesting about Tristan he's- he is not a, a troglodyte, he's not opposed to the use of technology and society. What he's saying is this is such an important change for us as a society. We should be thinking much more deeply about its effects and how we should be regulating its use, et cetera. Um, you can find out more about the work that he's doing at the Center for Humane Technology, which Tristan founded and is the CEO of that's that human, humane tech, H U M A N E T E C H .com or just Google Tristan Harris online.
    [Show full text]
  • Your Undivided Attention Podcast Bonus Episode: the Social Dilemma
    Center for Humane Technology | Your Undivided Attention Podcast Bonus Episode: The Social Dilemma Tristan Harris: Today on Your Undivided Attention, instead of a podcast guest, we would like to tell you about something really exciting. Netflix just released a new documentary called The Social Dilemma. The film has been in the works for more than three years and includes appearances from me and from Aza and our co-founder, Randy Fernando. But what really has us excited is the incredible number of tech insiders at Facebook, Instagram, Twitter. They're all there in the film. Tristan Harris: What the film discloses, clearly from the people who built these systems, is how it is warping the collective consciousness of humanity. When you look outside and you see the madness of shortening attention spans, increasing irritability, increasing anxiety, more polarization escalating into conflict and you say, "Is this just natural? Is this just where we were headed from the start?" Or, if you rewind 10 years and you imagine putting on a pair of outrage and conflict colored glasses, so everywhere you looked, you went to your kitchen, you would see things you should be outraged about that your spouse left the cups in a different location than when you left it and you see the sneeze that someone sneezed unto the refrigerator handle before you walked in, what would your world be like if you wore those glasses for 10 years? Tristan Harris: Now, imagine that you didn't wear those glasses, but everyone else around you wore these outrage and conflict colored glasses.
    [Show full text]
  • The Social Dilemma
    Journal of Religion & Film Volume 24 Issue 1 April 2020 Article 22 January 2020 The Social Dilemma Jodi McDavid Cape Breton University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf Part of the Film and Media Studies Commons Recommended Citation McDavid, Jodi (2020) "The Social Dilemma," Journal of Religion & Film: Vol. 24 : Iss. 1 , Article 22. Available at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol24/iss1/22 This Sundance Film Festival Review is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Religion & Film by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Social Dilemma Abstract This is a film review of The Social Dilemma (2020) directed by Jeff Orlowski. Keywords Social Media, Artificial Intelligence, Advertising Author Notes Jodi McDavid is an instructor in folklore and gender and women's studies at Cape Breton University. This sundance film estivf al review is available in Journal of Religion & Film: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/ vol24/iss1/22 McDavid: The Social Dilemma The Social Dilemma (2020) dir. Jeff Orlowski The Social Dilemma is a documentary which interviews executives and programmers who left social media sites such as Pinterest, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter for ethical reasons. It treads the familiar ground that you might expect about the addictiveness of social media, however, it does give in-depth information about how the artificial intelligence works. Tristan Harris, co-founder of the Centre for Humane Technology and previous Google employee, figures prominently in the film.
    [Show full text]
  • The Social Dilemma, by Jeff Orlowski, Netflix, 2020
    The Political Economy of Communication 8(2), 75–103 © The Author 2020 http://www.polecom.org SPECIAL SECTION The Social Dilemma, by Jeff Orlowski, Netflix, 2020 Film reviews with section editor’s introduction Editor: Paschal Preston, School of Communication, Dublin City University, Dublin Review I: The Social Dilemma: A Contradictory Narrative About Platform Power Robin Mansell, Department of Media and Communications, London School of Economics and Political Science Review II: Missing in Action: Silences and Evasions in The Social Dilemma Graham Murdock, Centre for Research in Communication and Culture, Loughborough University, UK Review III: Escaping the Matrix or Repeating Liberal (Techno)Solutions? Eugenia Siapera, Information and Communication Studies, University College Dublin Review IV: The Social Dilemma's Dilemma: Challenging and Reproducing Social Media Myths Yuqi Na, CAMRI, University of Westminster SPECIAL SECTION 76 The Social Dilemma: Partial Insights Amidst Fuzzy Frames Paschal Preston, School of Communication, Dublin City University, Dublin Keywords: social dilemma; social media; media theory; political economy of communication; critical theory; technology and society; AI; algorithms; digital media; media policy The core concerns of this journal, a specific niche within the broad field of media and communication studies, have become ever more mainstream of late. Indeed, whilst concerns about the evolving scope, role, influence, operations, control and regulation of the media of public communication have always been central features of modern capitalism, they have come to occupy a prominent spot in public attention and debate. This has little to do with spectacular, media-friendly, enterprising boosterism or knowledge- based entrepreneurship, or related efforts in celebrity promotion on the part of key researchers and authors from the political economy of communication.
    [Show full text]
  • Persuasive Design Techniques in the Attention Economy
    Persuasive Design Techniques in the Attention Economy: User Awareness, Theory, and Ethics by Devangi Vivrekar A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Stanford University June 6, 2018 1 © 2018 Devangi Vivrekar All Rights Reserved 2 To the Directors of the Program on Symbolic Systems: I certify that I have read the thesis of Devangi Vivrekar in its final form for submission and have found it to be satisfactory for the degree of Master of Science. Signed Electronically 06/06/2018 Professor James Landay (Principal Advisor) Computer Science To the Directors of the Program on Symbolic Systems: I certify that I have read the thesis of Devangi Vivrekar in its final form for submission and have found it to be satisfactory for the degree of Master of Science. Signed Electronically 06/06/2018 Professor Alia Crum (Second Reader) Psychology 3 Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Professor James Landay, my primary advisor, for overseeing this thesis over the course of my coterm, and to Professor Alia Crum for being my second reader. I would also like to thank Grace Wu and Gobi Dasu who acted as co-authors on the study described in Chapter 3, and Professor Michael Bernstein and Geza Kovacs for their advice and feedback on the work done in Chapter 3 with the Chrome extension HabitLab. My sincere thanks to Damon Horowitz and Mikey Siegel, instructors in my Symbolic Systems coursework who deeply influenced my thinking early on, and Tristan Harris for inspiring me to study this topic.
    [Show full text]
  • The Science Behind Those Apps You Can't Stop Using by Ian Leslie (AFR October 8 – 9, 2016)
    Article afr the science behind those apps you can oct 2016 The science behind those apps you can't stop using by Ian Leslie (AFR October 8 – 9, 2016) Social-media apps are based on science that basically hacks into our brains. It's called "Captology" - computers as persuasive technologies. istock In 1930, a psychologist at Harvard University called B.F. Skinner made a box and placed a hungry rat inside it. The box had a lever on one side. As the rat moved about it would accidentally knock the lever and, when it did so, a food pellet would drop into the box. After a rat had been put in the box a few times, it learnt to go straight to the lever and press it: the reward reinforced the behaviour. Skinner proposed that the same principle applied to any "operant", rat or man. He called his device the "operant conditioning chamber". It became known as the Skinner box. Skinner was the most prominent exponent of a school of psychology called behaviourism, the premise of which was that human behaviour is best understood as a function of incentives and rewards. Let's not get distracted by the nebulous and impossible to observe stuff of thoughts and feelings, said the behaviourists, but focus simply on how the operant's environment shapes what it does. Understand the box and you understand the behaviour. Design the right box and you can control behaviour. 1 Article afr the science behind those apps you can oct 2016 B.J. Fogg, Founder & Director of the Behavior Design Lab, at Stanford University, realised early - in 1997 - that psychology could be used to design computer applications to get people to do things they might not otherwise do.
    [Show full text]
  • Dark Triad’ and Its Potential ‘Light Triad’ Realization in ‘Green Entrepreneurship’
    Viewpoint Dark Entrepreneurship, the ‘Dark Triad’ and Its Potential ‘Light Triad’ Realization in ‘Green Entrepreneurship’ Philip Cooke Mohn Center for Innovation & Regional Development, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; CookePN@cardiff.ac.uk Received: 27 April 2020; Accepted: 10 September 2020; Published: 24 September 2020 Abstract: This contribution seeks to achieve three main objectives. First it draws on a substantial, but often overlooked literature on wide-scale international decline in entrepreneurship as recorded in the ‘business dynamics’ literature. This has serious implications for academic study of entrepreneurship which must re-direct its focus to problems of entrepreneurial unattractiveness dating from at least the 1980s. More important, public policy makers and political ideologists need further to be apprised of the erroneous nature of many of their beliefs and further change the subsidy regimes they bestow on often unproductive entrepreneurship. Second, the contribution seeks one part of the explanation of the declining attractiveness of entrepreneurship in the psychology of the ‘dark triad’ of negative personality traits that has been connected to the literature on ‘dark entrepreneurship’ as a possible and partial, but important reason for the growing unattractiveness of entrepreneurship. The contribution devotes attention to the ‘Mindfulness’ movement in considering the detoxification of ‘dark entrepreneurship’. Finally, in what may be an original response to this analysis, the contribution draws attention to recent work on a putative ‘light triad’ of personality traits and applies it, possibly for the first time, to secondarily researched accounts of ‘green entrepreneurship’. The conclusion is that there may be a future for green entrepreneurship as a means for recovery in the current status of more traditional ‘business dynamics’.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Disruptive Models of New Spatial Planning: “Attention”, “Surveillance” Or “Sustainable” Capitalisms?
    Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity Article Three Disruptive Models of New Spatial Planning: “Attention”, “Surveillance” or “Sustainable” Capitalisms? Philip Cooke Mohn Center for Innovation & Regional Development, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 5020 Bergen, Norway; [email protected] Abstract: This paper compares and contrasts three disruptive models of potential and actual new kinds of spatial planning. These include “seasteading”, “smart neighbourhoods” and “renewable spatial systems”. Each is labelled with distinctive discursive titles, respectively: “Attention Capi- talism”; “Surveillance Capitalism” and “Sustainable Capitalism” denoting the different lineaments of each, although they all have their origins in the Silicon Valley techno-entrepreneurial milieu. In each case, while the path dependences of trajectories have diverged the progenitors were often erstwhile business partners at the outset. The paper is interested in qualitative methodology and proposes “pattern recognition” as a means to disclose the deep psychological, sociological, political and economic levels that inform the surface appearances and functions of the diverse spatial plan- ning modes and designs that have been advanced or inferred from empirically observable initiator practice. “Dark Triad” analysis is entailed in actualising psychological deep structures. Each of the three models is discussed and the lineaments of their initiators’ ideas are disclosed. Each “school” has a designated mentor(s), respectively: academic B. J. Fogg and venture capitalist Peter Thiel for “Attention Capitalism”, “smart city” planner Dan Doctoroff for “Surveillance Capitalism” and “renewable energineer” and Elon Musk for “Sustainable Capitalism”, the eventual winner of this existential “dark versus light triad” urban planning contest. Citation: Cooke, P. Three Disruptive Keywords: attention; surveillance; sustainable cities; dark triad; light triad; gigaproject Models of New Spatial Planning: “Attention”, “Surveillance” or “Sustainable” Capitalisms? .
    [Show full text]
  • Stanford University's Economic Impact Via Innovation and Entrepreneurship
    Impact: Stanford University’s Economic Impact via Innovation and Entrepreneurship October 2012 Charles E. Eesley, Assistant Professor in Management Science & Engineering; and Morgenthaler Faculty Fellow, School of Engineering, Stanford University William F. Miller, Herbert Hoover Professor of Public and Private Management Emeritus; Professor of Computer Science Emeritus and former Provost, Stanford University and Faculty Co-director, SPRIE* *We thank Sequoia Capital for its generous support of this research. 1 About the authors: Charles Eesley, is an assistant professor and Morgenthaler Faculty Fellow in the department of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford University. His research interests focus on strategy and technology entrepreneurship. His research seeks to uncover which individual attributes, strategies and institutional arrangements optimally drive high growth and high tech entrepreneurship. He is the recipient of the 2010 Best Dissertation Award in the Business Policy and Strategy Division of the Academy of Management, of the 2011 National Natural Science Foundation Award in China, and of the 2007 Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Dissertation Fellowship Award for his work on entrepreneurship in China. His research appears in the Strategic Management Journal, Research Policy and the Journal of Economics & Management Strategy. Prior to receiving his PhD from the Sloan School of Management at MIT, he was an entrepreneur in the life sciences and worked at the Duke University Medical Center, publishing in medical journals and in textbooks on cognition in schizophrenia. William F. Miller has spent about half of his professional life in business and half in academia. He served as vice president and provost of Stanford University (1971-1979) where he conducted research and directed many graduate students in computer science.
    [Show full text]