THE MAY

CRISIS 1917 President Executive Officers MOORFIELD STOREY DR. J. E. SP1NGARN, Chairman of Board Vice-Presidents OSWALD GARRISON VILLARD, Treasurer ARCHIBALD II. GRIMKE DR. W. E. B. DU BOIS, Director of Publi­ REV. JOHN HAYNES HOLMES cations and Research BISHOP JOHN HURST ROY NASH, Secretary JOHN E. MILHOLLAND MARY WHITE OVINGTON JAMES WELDGN JOHNSON, Field Secre­ OSWALD GARRISON VILLARD tary NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE

DIRECTORS Chicago Washington New York JANE ADDAMS PROF. GEO. WILLIAM COOK REV. HUTCHINS C. BISHOP DR. C. E. BENTLEY MRS. FLORENCE KELLEY Boston Brooklyn DR. V. MORTON JONES PAUL KENNADAY JOSEPH PRINCE LOUD CHARLES EDWARD RUSSELL BUTLER R. WILSON DR. 0. M. WALLER ARTHUR B. SPINGARN Baltimore New Haven CHARLES H. STUDI'N BISHOP JOHN HURST GEORGE W. CRAWFORD DR. F. N. CARDOZO DR. JOHN G. UNDERHILL Springfield, Mass. Philadelphia LILLIAN D. WALD REV. G. R. WALLER DR. WILLIAM A. SINCLAIR WILLIAM ENGLISH WALLING

The fight for 1917 is to be against

DISFRANCHISEMENT and JIM CROW CARS.

If this is your fight, join and support us.

Date , 1917. Membership Blank The Crisis is sent without further charge to members paying two dollars or more. Oswald Garrison Villard, Treasurer, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York. Sir: I desire to become a member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and to receive The Crisis. In payment of my dues for one year, I enclose dollars.

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MENTION THE CRISIS THE CRISIS A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE. AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY CONDUCTED BY W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS; AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, BUSINESS MANAGER

Contents Copyrighted, 1917 by the Nationa Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Contents for May, 1917

PICTURES Page COVER. Posed by Miss Anita Thompson (see page 34). FRENCH AFRICAN TROOPS 29 FROM BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 30

ARTICLES "THERE WAS ONE TIME." A Story. By Jessie Fauset. Parts IV. and V. 11 THE MAN WHO NEVER SOLD AN ACRE. By J. B. Woods 15 A SONNET. By G. Douglas Johnson 17

DEPARTMENTS EDITORIAL 7 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE 18 THE OUTER POCKET 19 THE LOOKING GLASS 22 MEN OF THE MONTH 31 THE HORIZON 34

THE CRISIS for June

The June CRISIS will contain a careful study of the Exodus from the South and a story by Mrs. Pendleton: "Aunt Caroline's Sheaves." The cover will be by Battey.

TEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA RENEWALS: The date of expiration of each subscription is printed on the wrapper. When the subscription is due, a blue renewal blank is enclosed. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as desired. In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks' notice is required. MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom­ panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned. Entered as Second-class Matter in the Post Office at New York. N. Y. 14 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

'iimiMMiimiiinmiiiwiiiniimiiminimimMiroimn^ The NATIONAL TRAINING SCHOOL

"I cordially commend the school's interest, and needs to all who believe in the Negro race and in our obligation to help promote its intellectual, moral and religious uplift." Rev. Dr. ChaSles H. Parkhurst, New York City.

IT IS MORE THAN A MERE SCHOOL IT IS A COMMUNITY OF SERVICE AND UPLIFT Its influence is destined to be felt in all sections of the country in improved Negro community life wherever our trained workers locate. Settlement workers, missionaries for home and foreign mission fields, Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. secretaries and district nurses receive a compre­ hensive grasp of their studies under a Wellesley graduate and experienced co­ workers and actual every-day practice through the school's SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT. A HIGH STANDARD COLLEGE DEPARTMENT has now been established. We aim also to create a better qualified ministry. Industrial training, advanced literary branches, business school. Thirty-two acres; ten modern buildings; healthful location. We can accommodate a few more earnest, ambitious students. Communities requiring social workers should write us. School term opens October 3, 1917.

For catalog and detailed information, address: PRESIDENT JAMES E. SHEPARD NATIONAL TRAINING SCHOOL DURHAM, N. C.

The A. & T. Summer THE CHEYNEY TRAINING School SCHOOL FOR TEACHERS CHEYNEY, PENNA. Eighteenth Annual Session be­ gins June 25, 1917, and continues For reasonably mature students who have a good secondary school preparation, and who five weeks. Two weeks' Insti­ desire to become teachers, courses are of­ tute also. fered during the regular term in academic work, domestic science, domestic art, phys­ Growing older, better and ical training, elementary school methods, wood and metal working, and agriculture. stronger. Last summer applica­ Board and laundry privileges for the year $100. Fall term begins Wednesday, Septem­ tions greatly exceeded capacity. ber 19, 1917. Teachers, therefore, should send The Summer School for Teachers, from Registration Fee and secure July 5 to August 2 inclusive, will this year offer primary methods, English, mathematics, lodging in advance. history, civics and geography, plain sewing and dressmaking, raffia work and basketry, art needle work, cookery, wood and metal For terms, catalog or other working, physical training, and gardening. information, address Dormitory space is limited, and applications should he made early. Cost for the four President J. B. Dudley, weeks $15,00. Agricultural & Technical College, For further information write to Greensboro, N. C. LESLIE PINCKNET HILL, Principal.

Mention The Ciisis THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 5 Atlanta University MOREHOUSE COLLEGE (Formerly Atlanta Baptist College) Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta, Ga. The courses of study include High ATLANTA, GA. School, Normal School and College, with College, Academy, Divinity- School manual training and domestic science. Among An institution famous within recent years the teachers are graduates of Yale, Harvard, for its emphasis on all sides of manly develop­ Dartmouth and Wellesley. Forty-seven years ment—the only institution in the far South of successful work have been completed. devoted solely to the education of Negro Students come from all parts of the South. Graduates are almost universally successful. young men. For further information address Graduates given high ranking by greatest northern universities. Debating, Y. M. C. A., President EDWARD T. WARE athletics, all live features. ATLANTA, GA. For information address Knoxville College JOHN HOPE, President Beautiful Situation. Healthful Location. The Best Moral and Spiritual Environ­ WILEY UNIVERSITY ment. A Splendid Intellectual Atmo­ sphere. Noted for Honest and Thorough MARSHALL, TEXAS Work. Recognized as a college of the First Class Offers full courses in the following de­ partments: College, Normal, High School, by Texas and Louisiana State Boards of Grammar School and Industrial. Education. Harvard, Yale and Columbia Good water, steam heat, electric lights, good drainage. Expenses very reasonable. represented on its faculty; students gath­ Fall Term Begins September, 1917. ered from ten different states. For information address Strongest Music Department in the West President R. W. Mc GRANAHAN KNOXVILLE, TENN. M. W. DOGAN, President

STRAIGHT COLLEGE FISK UNIVERSITY NASHVILLE. TENN. New Orleans. La. Founded 1866 Situated on the main thoroughfare of the largest city of the South. Thorough Literary, Scientific, Educational, Thorough training in High. School, Teach­ Musical and Social Science Courses. Pioneer ers' Course and College, with special work in Negro music. Special study in Negro life. in Music and Manual Training. Ideal and sanitary buildings and grounds. Teachers represent some of the best uni­ versities and music conservatories of the Well-equipped Science building. country. Christian home life. For full information, address High standard of independent manhood and womanhood. For literature, etc., write J. T. Cater, Registrar. FAYETTE AVERY McKENZIE, President

TOUGALOO COLLEGE Morris Brown University MISSISSIPPI Atlanta, Ga. "The test school for Negroes in the State"— Bishop Theodore D. Bratton. Co-Educational The largest institution of learning in the South COLLEGE owned and controlled by Negroes. Faculty of special­ Regular Four Year A. B. Course ists, trained in some of the best universities in the Two Year Teacher Training Course North and in the South. Noted for high standard of scholarship; industrial emphasis and positive Chris­ tian influence. Well equipped dormitories; sane ACADEMY athletics under faculty supervision. Expenses rea­ Choice of Seven Courses—College Preparatory, sonable. Location central and healthful. Agricultural, Mechanical, Home Economics, Departments: Theology, College, Preparatory, Nor­ Commercial, Pedagogical, Musical. mal, Commercial, Musical, Domestic Science, Nurse Out in the country. Expenses low. Training, Sewing, Printing and Tailoring. First Semester begins September 27, 1917. Write President W. T. HOLMES For further information address Tougaloo, Hinds County, Mississippi. W. A. FOUNTAIN, President BISHOP J. I. FLIPPER, Chairman Trustee Board. Mention the crisis 6 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 40 Teachers anTalladegd Workers a CollegOveer 600 Students Rev. F. A. SUMNER, President TALLADEGA, ALABAMA

A School for Training Leaders Positive Christian Influence EQUIPPED FOR STANDARD WORK IN ALL DEPARTMENTS Twenty Buildings Four Laboratories Modern Hospital Electric Light Library of 16000 Volumes Athletic Field Steam Heat Pipe Organ Good Board Hot and Cold Water Model Farm Expense Low Departments and Courses Scientific Bible Institute Domestic Science and Arts Classical Academy Nurse Training Education Conservatory of Music Manual Training Theological Agriculture Printing For Catalog and Information, address THE DEAN, Room 21, Talladega, Alabama

THE FLORIDA A. & M. COLLEGE MORGAN COLLEGE AND BRANCHES John O. Spencer, President. Tallahassee, Florida MORGAN COLLEGE, Baltimore, Md. LOCATION: Central, in great college town between North and South. COURSES: Preparatory, normal, music, advanced educa­ Offers long and short courses in tion, collegiate,—appropriate degrees. INSTRUCTORS: College and university trained. Seven Mechanic Arts, in Home Economics, colleges and universities represented in faculty. DORMITORIES: For a limited number, furnished. in Agriculture, in Education and in TERMS: Very reasonable. DEAN: William Pickens, Llt.D. Science. PRINCESS ANNE ACADEMY, Princess Anne, Md. (The Eastern Branch of the Maryland State College of Agriculture.) For Catalog Address LOCATION: The famous Eastern Shore of Maryland, Somerset County. COURSES: Preparatory, normal. Industrial, domestic sci­ NATHAN B. YOUNG, President ence, music. P. O. DRAWER 524 INSTRUCTORS: College and technically trained. DORMITORIES: Carefully supervised, furnished. TERMS: Free tuition; other expenses moderate. PRINCIPAL: Rev. Thomas H. Klah, A.M. SUMMER SCHOOL FOR TEACHERS: June 25th to ST. MARY'S SCHOOL August 3rd. VIRGINIA COLLEGIATE AND INDUSTRIAL INSTI­ TUTION, Lynchburg, Va. An Episcopal boarding school for girls, LOCATION: On beautiful hill, suburbs of growing city. under the direction of the Sisters of St. Mary. COURSES: Preparatory, normal, domestic science garden- ing, music. Address: INSTRUCTORS: College trained: carefully selected. DORMITORIES: Furnished; steam heat; accommodations THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE for fifty girls; carefully supervised. TERMS: Within the reach of all 609 N. 43d St W. Philadelphia, Pa. PRINCIPAL: Lee M. McCoy, A.M. ALL SCHOOLS OPEN SEPTEMBER 25. 1917. CLARK UNIVERSITY Stenography Typewriting Book-keeping ATLANTA, GEORGIA THE STENOGRAPHERS' INSTITUTE Four years Academy or High School. 1. Short Courses in Typewriting Five years Normal Course. 2. Shorthand made as easy as A. B. C. Two years Pre-Medical Course. 3. Brief Courses in Practical Book-keeping Four years College (A. B.) Course. We typewrite Letters, Postal Cards, Wills; fill in $75 to $125 pays necessary expenses for a year. Deeds and multigraph Circular Letters cheap. Harry Andrews King, President. EDWARD T. DUNCAN, President 1227 SO. 17TH STREET. PHILADELPHIA. PA. MME. BRIDGES' SCHOOL OF ROLAND W. HAYES, Tenor French Dressmaking, Ladies' Tailoring and Millinery Recitals Concerts Oratorio Opera c . Bridges System. "An unusually good voice. The natural special Courses in Designing. Copying, Draping

quality is beautiful. It is a luscious yet manly Making, Trimmingt Finishing, Cutting and Fitting voice. Mr. Hayes sings freely and with good '• special reduction in tuition given to students en­ taste."—Philip Hale, in the Boston Herald. tering in groups of three or more or to one student "A voice of unusual sweetness and calibre. taxing two or more consecutive courses Individual Instruction. A Bridge* Diploma means —Chattanooga Times. something to you. means Address: 3 WARWICK ST.. BOSTON. MASS. 448 E. 35th St. chicago, Ill. Mention The Crisis THE CRISIS

Vol. 14-No. 1 MAY, 1917 Whole No. 79

Editorial

A CALL TO COUNSEL. times we would have called "demo­ THE times demand that the cratic" and the new word which we leaders of the American should use to describe him: Negro counsel together as to the best course of action "It seems evident that our ethical educa­ present and future. The National tion must be carried on further than it has been in the past. The individual conscience Association for the Advancement of must be strengthened and rendered more Colored People hereby calls a Na­ independent and at the same time it must tional Conference to meet in the City have more imaginative sympathy so as to of Washington May 17 to 19, 1917. realize that public righteousness can only Not only our own branches through­ be attained by union with other wills and consciences that are in many ways out the land, but organizations of all diverse. . . . kinds are asked to send delegates to "When one comes to try to indicate a take counsel with us and to see the moral attitude which involves the union of award of the Spingarn medal for dis­ a good many qualities which are not usually tinguished achievement during 1916. found together, one has to fall back on a person in whom they were actually united. 'Lincoln-like' comes nearer expressing what A NEW WORD. we have in mind. It is no blind following WE need a new word in our of the will of the majority but it does have a confidence that when a just and reasonable vocabulary to express that course of conduct is discovered and when which we formerly ex­ time is given for its presentation in the right pressed by the word "demo­ way the majority of men will approve of it. . . . cratic." That word formerly ex­ "That was Lincoln's attitude when in the pressed "respect for the rights of the Douglass controversy he deliberately common people." It meant sympathy shocked the majority of the moment, know­ ing, also, that what he was doing was 'good and consideration and justice. To­ politics.' . . . day the word—both by derivation and "The word 'democratic' is liable to mis­ by actual experience—means the "au­ conception when used for ideal ends. What I should like to use would be the word thority of the people" and it means 'socialistic,' if it were not preempted by frequently an ignorant and unjust the Socialists. The awareness on the part of the individual of his real relations to authority. To be democratic means society as a whole, and his free acceptance merely servile conformity to the will of all the responsibilities involved in those of the majority, even when it is igno­ relations would make rather a different kind of man." rant or unjust, or it means arrogant and intolerant exercise of the political The phrase "Lincoln-like," sug­ power of the majority. gested by this writer, expresses the We need, therefore, a new word to thought I wish to express—"inde­ express that idea of sympathy and pendence," coupled with "imagina­ consideration for the people which is tive sympathy for others." That is neither servile nor arrogant. One the thought the word "democratic" of our great thinkers, discussing this used to express but now, unfortu­ need, makes these observations as to nately, does not. the type of man which in former GEORGE G. BRADFORD. 8 THE CRISIS

THE WORLD LAST MONTH. the reactionaries want: to stop mi­ KP^gi THREE vast events stand out: gration. WES the Russian freedom, suf- They are playing with fire! The Ixf§H frage for English women, Negro is far more loyal to this coun­ k»m8 and War. try and its ideals than the white I envisage the rise of Russia in one picture. Catherine Breshovsky re­ Southern American. He never has turning from Siberia, after a life­ been a disloyal rebel. He never long fight, after all seemed lost. So fought for slavery in a land of some day a black woman will ride Liberty. He never nullified the basic down the world crying, "Disfran­ principles of democracy because he chisement is done! 'Jim-Crow' cars hated the people whom he had hurt! are gone! Segregation is past! I am Enslaved, raped and despised an American!" though he has been and is, the Negro The English suffragettes did not hesitate when war came. They were knows that this is his country be­ English and although bowed beneath cause he helped found it, fought for age-long insult and injustice, they its liberties and ever upheld its fought for England. So will we black ideals. men fight against Germany for Amer­ No temptation to trust German ica. God grant us freedom, too, in race-hatred has ever been offered and the end. if offered would not for a moment War! It is an awful thing! It is have been considered. Back of the Hell. It is the end of civilization. It German mask is the grinning skele­ is an appeal to barbarism; yet it comes. Bad as it is, slavery is worse; ton of the Southern slave driver. German dominion is worse; the rape of Belgium and France is worse. We THE MIGRATION. fight shoulder to shoulder with the THE migration of Negro world to gain a world where war shall laborers from South to North be no more. continues as it should. LOYALTY. Southern white papers are NOTHING better illustrates the filled with contradictory statements; attitude of the Bourbon to-day, with editorials ridiculing the South than the recent tales exodus, painting fearsome pictures of about German propaganda the awful condition of the emigrants among Negroes. and chronicling their wholesale re­ Slowly, but surely the Negro is turn; tomorrow come editorials be­ winning his fight. Despite wretch­ wailing the loss of labor and crying edly inadequate schools, peonage, low for drastic measures to enslave the wages and public insult, the Negro is black peons. . getting education, buying land and Meantime the truth is clear: the homes and migrating slowly but demand for black workers in the surely to a land of liberty. North is unprecedented; after the The slave-thinking South is beset war the demand will continue because by fear of losing these peons either not for a generation will immigra­ by migration or by their regaining tion from Europe rise to appreciable their lost franchise. Any tale or figures. There are not jobs for propaganda by which the Bourbon everybody; there is no demand for South can get the country to believe the lazy and casual, but trained, the Negro is a menace would play honest colored laborers are welcome straight into the hands of the slave­ in the North at good wages, just as holders. Martial law would be de­ they are lynched in the South for clared in the South and this is what impudence. Take your choice! EDITORIAL 9

THE NAVAL RULER. Lima, Ohio! There a mob attempted WHEN the United States to lynch a Negro but was foiled by takes possession of foreign the brave sheriff. The ring leaders territory it sends to gov­ of the mob were arrested and the ern it a naval officer. But sheriff writes us: "We have one serv­ naval officers are not trained to gov­ ing time in the Ohio Penitentiary, ern. They are trained to fight! three serving time in the Mansfield They have made no study of social Reformatory, one locked up in Ottawa organization, of human development Jail waiting return of Court of Ap­ of industrial organization; if they peals, one out on $1,500 bond waiting are not quite unsympathetic, it is no answer from Court of Appeals, for fault of their training or of the tradi­ a new trial, several that we could not get the strongest of evidence tions of their caste; yet, to-day they against that came in and pleaded are well-nigh absolute masters in guilty that got suspended sentences Nicaragua, San Domingo, Hayti and by paying costs which amounted any­ the erstwhile Danish West Indies. It where from $25 to $50, and are un­ would be impossible to conceive a der our watch for one year to see that more dangerous or foolhardy experi­ they don't drink and do anything bad, ment. and we surely have our eyes on them and will continue so. I also have one A MORAL VOID. THERE can be no doubt but locked in the county jail yet awaiting that the South is lacking in his trial, several to try yet, and certain moral stamina which about four who were indicted that we must be found among suc­ have not been able to locate yet. We cessful, forward-striving people. Re­ have them whipped here and I hope cently, for instance, the press of the and pray that our steps here in this country went wild over the brave matter will have its effect every­ action of Governor Stanley of Ken­ where." tucky. What then ? This same Gov­ A SUGGESTION. ernor Stanley is apparently going to THE Republican party is on allow the rescued victim of that mob the rocks. The disfranchised to be lynched by court under forms Negro sees light but dimly. of law. There would seem to be no The disfranchised woman is reasonable doubt but that Lube Mar­ still disfranchised in the vast tin killed Guthrie Diuguid in self- majority of inhabited states. Sup­ defense after Diuguid had followed pose these three groups strike a him for a year and sworn to kill him. simple bargain: Let them work for Yet Martin is sentenced to death and a Constitutional Amendment basing the Governor dares not raise his representation in Congress on the voice. So too in South Carolina. A actual vote cast for president in each man is lynched because he is a self- state. respecting, wealthy Negro citizen We pause for reply. who refuses to let a dirty mob pub­ licly whip him. Governor Manning REGISTER AND VOTE. makes brave professions and sends IT is of prime necessity that the them out through the associated colored people of the South press yet to-day every single lyncher should begin to break down the is free and unindicted. The Gov­ "white primary." The N. A. ernor does nothing and will do noth­ A. C. P. proposes to take the matter ing. How different is the tale at of the "white primary" into the 10 THE CRISIS courts just as soon as it can get a same way, we take it, the Gentiles proper case. But the effective way were "a menace to the Jews" until to beat the "white primary" is Jesus Christ preached a new and very through registering and voting on the unpopular gospel which the reverend part of the colored South. In Col­ doctors of that day stopped by a umbia, S. C, recently some six hun­ timely crucifixion. The same spirit dred Negroes registered. Immediate­ is evident in the Chicago Standard, a ly the dominant oligarchy became Baptist publication. The Standard scared. "What do you want?" they is exercised because the editor of the CRISIS told the students of More­ asked, expecting a demand for a house College that lying about their bribe. "We want," said the colored ambitions and aspirations was no way voters after careful consultation, "a to settle the race problem. He new high school building." They got says: "Some of Dr. DuBois' hearers not only a fifty thousand dollar high could not help admiring his passion school but one hundred fifty thou­ for honesty while at the same time sand dollars worth of improvements wondering whether this fundamental in their streets. What was done in virtue might not be so accentuated as Columbia is possible all over the to delay indefinitely the solution of South. The Negro must work not the great race problems confronting only for his own uplift, but he can the nation. work for the uplift of the whole South, especially when the white poli­ "We believe that Professor Du­ ticians seek to force upon cities and Bois, in his passion for frankness, is states men whom it would be shame­ perhaps in danger of forgetting the ful to put in public office. In At­ injunction of Paul to speak the truth lanta, Ga., the white nominee for in love." mayor several years ago was a We would like to overhear St. notorious drunkard who was arrested Paul explain to this gentleman that in a bawdy house just before election. truth with love is not truth with It was Negro votes that put a decent lies. It is precisely here that the mayor in his place despite the "white white church is failing. It dare not primary." The colored women of listen to the truth about present con­ Arkansas have the chance of their ditions. It dare not inveigh against the thief who is at the bottom of mod­ lives. The legislature has given the ern industrial organization. It dare vote to women "in the primary elec­ not say of the Negro "love your tions." They expect only white neighbor as yourself." Compelled women to vote in the Democratic to be dumb on these great matters of primary; but a Republican primary morality and decency it turns to Hell should be organized forthwith, and and Damnation and summons Billy colored women should vote in it. Sunday to preach it. This is the Some one should apply at the Demo­ course that is spelling moral bank­ cratic primary and if refused should ruptcy for white Christianity. take the matter to the courts. It is the chance of a lifetime. Let us not Is there not a spirit of moral lead­ miss it. ership in this powerful aggregation of men that can touch with mighty THE WHITE CHURCH. hands our real problems of modern SEVERAL white ministers of life and lead us? And if there is not, New York City have recent- does the editor of the Standard and ly been assailing the Negro do the white ministers of Harlem be­ "invasion of Harlem." "The lieve that their brand of religion can color question," they say, "is a great endure ? Awake! put on thy strength menace to us." In something the 0 Zion! "THERE WAS ONE TIME" 11 THERE

WAS

TIME A SroRy OF

ASPRING By

JE S S I E

'UNCLE DICK. FAUSET

I. to III. meet him again, and wished ardently that ANNA RITTER, a pretty brown she might. Her naivete and utter lack of school-teacher played truant one self-importance kept her from feeling spring day and went strolling in the park. Her little cousin, Theophilus, had spilled piqued at his failure to hunt her up. She cocoa on her school clothes, so she wore wondered often if life still seemed interest­ her best blue gown. This made her dream ing to him, found herself borrowing a little of the story of the little Shepherdess of his high ardor. On the whole, her atti­ and the Prince which her French class was painfully putting into English. Then tude toward "the adventure," as she loved suddenly came the unpleasant advances of to call it, was that of the little shepherdess a white tramp, but a brown and curly and she brought back from that day only a haired stranger rescued her and they sat mind "garlanded with pleasant memories." down together quite entranced and had a long talk, until Anna had to hurry home be­ Perhaps, she thought fancifully that fore either had learned the other's name. Thursday evening,—the shepherdess meets the prince again and he gives her a posi­ IV. tion , as court-artist. And she opened the Not until June did Anna encounter the little text to find out. But that lesson was little shepherdess again. never prepared, for Theophilus came in at She settled down the night before the that point with a bleeding gap in his head, lesson was due to read it with a great deal caused by falling off a belated ice wagon. of interest. Her meeting with "the The sight of blood always made Mrs. Fet­ prince," as she always called the strange ter sick, so Anna had the wound to clean young man, had left on her a definite im­ and bind and Theophilus to soothe and get press. She wondered if ever she would to bed. 12 THE CRISIS

So as it happened all she could do was One can't go far on the similarity be­ to underline the new words and get their tween one incident in one's life and the meaning from the vocabulary and trust to promise of a French fairy-tale. "Still the gods that there would be no blind alleys things do happen," she told herself, sur­ in construction. prised at her own tenacity. "Think of how Anyone but Anna would have foreseen Mr. Allen came into Mrs. Walton's that the end of that fairy-tale. For the prince, night and changed my whole life." She with the utter disregard for rank and went to bed in a maze of rapture and an­ wealth and training which so much fails to ticipation. distinguish real princes, sought out the Her mother was interested in a bazaar little shepherdess, who had been living and dinner for the bazaar workers in the most happily and unsuspectingly with her Methodist Church, but she had quarrelled little sheep and her "so pleasant souvenirs" with one of the sisters and she meant to go (so said Miss Selena Morton in transla­ and arrange her booth and come back, so tion) , and besought her to marry him and she shouldn't have to eat at the same table live forever in his kingdom by the sea. with that benighted Mrs. Vessels. " 'Oh, sky!' (thus ran Miss Morton's ren­ "I'd rather eat stalled oxen by myself dition for the French of 'Oh, heavens!'). all my days," she told her daughter Satur­ 'Oh, sky!' exclaimed the shepherdess, and day morning, "than share the finest victuals she told him she would accompany him all at the same table as Pauline Vessels." willingly, and when the prince had kissed "Oh, mother," Anna had wailed, "how her on both jaws they went on their way. can you say such things? 'Stalled oxen' And if you can find a happier ending of this is the choice thing, the thing you are sup­ history it is necessary that you go and tell posed to want to eat. You've got it up­ it to the Pope at Rome." Thus, and not side down." otherwise, did Miss Selena Morton mutilate "Well, what difference does it make?" that exquisite story! her mother had retorted, vexed for once. But Miss Fetter was too amazed to care. "I'm sure I shouldn't like the stuff, any­ Moreover, Tommy Reynolds and some of way. They'd probably be tough. Don't the other pupils had translated very well. you let Philly stir out of this house till I Perhaps the work in grammar had been come back, Anna. I don't want him to the best thing, after all—and perhaps she, hurt hisself again. Do you think you can too, was becoming a better teacher, she manage everything? I swept all the rooms hoped to herself wistfully. yesterday but the kitchen. There's only "I'm very much pleased with the work that to scrub and the dusting to do." you've done to-day," she told the class. "It Anna nodded. She was glad to be alone, seems to me you've improved greatly—par­ glad to have work to do. She sent Theo­ ticularly Master Reynolds." philus out to clean up the side yard. She And Master Reynolds, who was cleaning could hear him aimlessly pattering about. the black-boards, smiled inscrutably. "Ann," he called. She had finished All the way home Anna pondered on scrubbing and all the dusting, too, except something new and sweet in her heart. in the "front-room," which her mother "But just think—the first part of the would keep full of useless odds and ends— story had come true, why shouldn't the sheaves of wheat, silly bric-a-brac on what­ second? Oh, I wish, I wish " She nots. Ordinarily she hated it, but to-day rushed into the "front-room," where Theo­ —"to be alive"—her mind, not usually philus sat, his small broken head bandaged given to poetical flights, halted—"to be up, picking indefatigably at his banjo, and alive," no, "to be young," that was it, "to hugged him tumultuously. be young was very heaven." And he had He took her caress unmoved, having long said in the queerest way, "you didn't say ago decided that all women outside of aunts she met a prince." If she could just find and mothers were crazy. "Look out, you'll out something about him, who he was, break my new strings," he warned her. where he lived, who was his mother's And she actually begged his pardon and youngest sister. Why, what had she been proffered him fifteen cents towards the still thinking about to let two months go by visionary ukulele. without making any inquiry? True, she "THERE WAS ONE TIME" 13 didn't know many colored people in Mary- never saw Tommy Reynolds' uncle in my town, she had never bothered—she had life. I don't even know where they live." been so concerned with her own affairs— "Well, he's saw you," the child persisted but her mother knew everybody, positively, and hesitated and looked puzzled—"though and a question here or there! Oh, if he he did ask an awful lot of questions about only knew how the story ended! She be­ you as if he didn't know you. Well, I don't came poetical again—"Would but some know what he meant, but he did Tommy's winged angel ere too late." She had to French for him, I know that!" he ended in smile at that herself. Yet the winged defiance. angel was on the way in the person of Some faint prescience must have come to Theophilus. He couldn't have adopted a her mind, for she spoke with unwonted more effective disguise. alertness. "He asked about me?" she in­ "Ann," he called again. "C'n I go fishin' sisted. "Sit down here, Theo, and tell me now with Tommy Reynolds? I've found all all about it. Who is his uncle?" these nice worms in the garden, they'll "Oh, I don't know, you needn't hold me make grand bait. Aunt (he pronounced it so tight. I ain't goin' to go. Uncle Dick, like the name of the humble insect) won't Tommy calls him, Uncle Dick somethin'— mind. She'd let me go 'n the air '11 be good oh— Winter—Mr. Richard Winter I heard for my head," he wheedled. Mrs. Reynolds call him. 'Now see here, Mr. Anna, dusting the big Bible, hardly Richard Winter,' she said to him—and she's turned around. "No," she told him vigor­ his aunt, Anna, ain't that funny?—and he's ously, "you can't go, Philly. You must stay bigger'n she and older, I guess, 'cause she till mother comes—she'll be here pretty looks awful young. I thought aunts were soon, and you wash your hands and study all old like Aunt Em." your lessons a bit. Your last report was She was sure now, and this miserable dreadful. Tommy Reynolds is only one little boy had known all along. She alter­ year older than you and there he is in the nately longed to shake him and hug him. second year of the seminary and you still She restrained both desires, knowing that in the graded schools. He plays, but he the indulgence of either would dam the gets his lessons, too." fount interminably. And then Theo began to rustle his wings, "Go on, Philly," she begged him. "Maybe but neither he nor his cousin heard them. I can get Sid Williams to let you have the "Oh, pshaw!" he retorted in disgust. ukelele right away and you can pay him "Tommy don't get no lessons. Someone on the installment plan." around his house 's always helpin' him—he 'Well, ain't I tellin' you? Tommy and don't do nothin'. Why, his mother always me, we wanted to go to the movies and does his drawin' for him." his mother said, 'No,' he'd got to get all his "I don't know about his drawing," re­ lessons first, and Tom winked at me and torted his cousin, "but I know he does his said he had 'em all, and his mother said, French. He had a beautiful lesson yester­ 'Not your French,' and Tommy said, 'Well, day. Don't laugh like that, Theophilus, it Uncle Dick's well again now, c'n I ask him gets on my nerves." to-night?' And just then his uncle walked For Theophilus was laughing shrilly, in and said, 'Hullo, what's it all about?'— which perhaps drowned the still louder he talks so funny, Anna, and Tommy said, rustling of the wings. » 'Please do my translation!' His mother "There you go," he jibbed, "there you go. said, 'Not till he's reviewed the first part; He doesn't do his French at all, his uncle then, he hasn't seen the part for two does it for him; he did it Thursday night months, because he's been studying some­ when I was there. I heard him and I ain't thing else.' And his uncle said, 'AH right, tellin' any tales about it, neither," he put hurry up, kid, because I must pack, I've in, mistaking the look on her face, "for he got to go away again to-morrow.' And said you'd be interested to have him do it that was when Tommy's mother said, 'Well, for Tommy. He said he'd tell you about it Mr. Richard Winter, do you own the rail­ the next time he saw you." way? Why don't you stay in one place? You've been here and gone again four times "Theophilus Jackson, you're crazy. I 14 THE CRISIS in the last two months!' And he said, 'Oh, PART V. Nora, I'm looking for something and I As soon as her mother should come in can't find it.' And she said, 'Did you lose she'd bathe and dress and go out—but it here?'—and he answered, awful sad, 'I where? After all she was a girl, she must think I did.' Why doesn't he buy another stand still, she didn't even know Mrs. Rey­ one, whatever it is, Cousin Anna?" nolds. But she could go by the house— "I don't know, dear. Go on—did he say yes, but he was to go away Friday, Theo anything else?" said—why he had gone. Well, he would "Uh, huh—my but your face is red! come back. And he said, 'Hit it up, Thomas-kid,' and The gate clicked. At least, she could tell Tommy opened the book and began to her mother. But she was crazy—she had read all the silliest stuff about a lady in a only seen him once—well, so had the shep­ park tending goats in a blue dress, and he herdess seen the prince only once. Her said, his uncle did, 'What's that? What's mother would have to understand. What that?' and he snatched the book away and an age she was talking to one of those old looked at it, and he said in the funniest Dorcas society sisters! She ran to the voice, 'I thought you said you were study- door and, of course, it was he on the steps, in' German all along. I never realized till his hand just raised to knock. this minute. Who's your teacher, Thomas?' Together they entered the room, silent, a And Tommy said you was. And he said, little breathless. Even he was frightened. 'What does she look like?' Tommy said, As for Anna 'She's awful cute, I must give her that, but "You knew I was coming," he told her. she is too darn strict about her old crazy "I didn't find out until Thursday. Some­ French,' and I said you was my cousin, how I thought you lived in another town. and I told him not to get gay when he You know you said the shepherdess had talked about you and if you was strict he come such a long, long way, and I thought needed it. And Mr. Winter said, 'Right- that meant you had too, and I was afraid oh!' and asked me a lot of questions, and to ask you. Oh, I've hunted and hunted, I said, no, you weren't pretty, but you were and Tommy, the rascal, told me he was awful nice looking and had pretty skin crazy about German because he wanted and little feet, and he asked me did I ever some illustrated German books he saw in spill a cup of cocoa in your lap." my trunk, and I thought he was studying She was on the floor now, her arms it," he rushed on breathlessly. "And around him. "And what else, Philly. Oh, Thursday night I had to go right away to Philly, what else?" New York to be sure about something, "Lemme go, Ann, ain't I tellin' you?" before I dared to talk to you. And I'm He wriggled himself free. "Oh, yes, and to be a social settlement worker, and I can then he said, 'Where does she live?' I talk and talk and tell people about all said, 'With me, of course,' and he said, those things," he ended lamely. 'Here, in Marytown?' and I said, 'Yes, 37 Anna stood silent. Fortner street, near North,' and he said— "Anna, I thought, I hoped, I wondered" oh, he swore, Ann—he said, 'My God, to —he stammered. "Oh, do you think you think she's been here all this time. Here, could go with me—I want you so. And boy, gimme that book,' and he sat down and don't say you don't know me, we've always started to read the old silly stuff to Tommy, known each other, you lovely, brown child." and I ran out and jumped on the ice wagon His eyes entreated her. and got my head busted. And will you get But she still hung back. "You could me the ukelele, Anna?" talk to people about those wonderful She would, she assured him, get him any­ things, but I, what could I do?" thing, and he could go fishing and she "After the war," he explained to her, would explain to Aunt Emmeline. "And "we could go back to Europe and I could here, take my apron upstairs with you. build bridges and you could draw the Why didn't you tell me before, Philly?" plans, and after we had made enough "Well, what was there to tell, Anna?" he money we could come back and I could asked her, bewildered. preach my gospel—for nothing." THE MAN WHO NEVER SOLD AN ACRE. 15

"But, till then?" So then he kissed her on her perfect "Till then," he whispered, "you could mouth. help me live that wonderful fairy-tale. Just then her mother, bidding Sister Dear, I love you so"—and he kissed her Pauline Vessels an amicable good-bye at the tenderly, first on one cheek and then on gate, came up the walk. So, hand in hand, the other. they went to tell her about the happy end­ "On both jaws," she whispered, a bit ing. hysterically.

THE MAN WHO NEVER SOLD AN ACRE.

By J. B. WOODS

THIRTY-FIVE years ago the county of surrounding Henson. With characteristic * Hot Springs, in the state of Arkansas, patience they all planted again, knowing was for the most part under standing tim­ that there would be plenty of time to ma­ ber. On the rocky hills the tall pines were ture a second crop, providing there came seldom disturbed, except by the occasional enough rain to nourish the plants. The prospective home builder in search of board corn came up promptly from the moist trees from which to rive floor boards and earth and the majority of farmers worked shingles. There were no sawmills of any it once or twice and then waited for rain, but consequence, for the railroad had come Henson's method was different; he kept through but a few years before and the at his little crop continuously, stirring the commercial possibilities of timber were as ground until the top soil was a fine moisture- yet unrealized. Even in the fertile bottom­ conserving mulch, although he would not lands great tracts of hardwoods were to be have known what this term meant. The found; farmers had but begun to put the rain did not come! His neighbors finally deep soil in shape for yearly cultivation. gave up in disgust, moved their families Most of those who owned cleared bottom­ back to town and searched for work else­ lands were obliged to live in towns away where. By the time his corn was fairly from the rivers, for the malarial mosquitoes tassled the man who stood by his guns were so numerous that, in the words of old- was satisfied that his crop was a success, so timers, it "took three frogs to live through he hired seven helpers and set about sav­ a season." As a result the larger land­ ing the fodder from the fields of those who owners were glad to rent their fields to had quit. There was not very much to others, allowing them to take the burden save, but he secured that little, cured it and of toil, sickness, and flood loss, knowing that stored it away for future reference. When whatever the renter made would be in part his own crop ripened he gathered the corn their own at the harvest time. The same and harvested the fodder and before the custom is in vogue at the present day and winter came on he sold all that he had to the renter's fortune is no less precarious. spare to the owners and renters of the land Under such conditions as these a young about him. His income from the ten acres man by the name of Taylor Henson rented amounted to more than one hundred dollars a field of ten acres about the year 1880 per acre. and planted the whole in corn. He worked But, of course, the money did not come in diligently, early and late, for the farmer's a lump; in fact, after settling with the day was from sun-up to sun-down, and by merchant who had supplied his needs dur­ the first of June his crop was in fine con­ ing crop time, he had just one hundred dition. Then came a late overflow, the dollars in ready money, with a fair amount Ouachita spread out over the bottom-lands outstanding, when the idea of buying land and either washed away or covered deep entered his head. Learning of a forty-acre with silt the crops of a score of renters tract which was soon to be disposed of at 16 THE CRISIS

Henson. He was obsessed by the idea of buying land but at the same time he did not overlook the consideration of making that which he owned produce. He did not raise cotton, putting his faith in corn, until one spring when he embarked upon the truck business. Cantaloupes and watermelons were his specialty, and the land did its share for him. He got in touch with re­ liable commission men in St. Louis and Chicago and gradually built up a great melon business. At first he could obtain nothing but box cars and lost a great deal of money through delayed and badly-shaken shipments. After a few years, though, the railroad came to realize the possibilities of this man's industry and supplied him with the proper cars for such crops and then Taylor Henson came into his own. His neighbors, too, began to grow melons to ship with his and Arkansas fruit earned a well-merited fame in the big markets. For several years he grew more than one hun­ dred acres in melons alone, not to mention a goodly area of corn and potatoes, and car after car rolled out of the Malvern yards loaded with Henson's melons. The profits from this industry went into more land, al­ ways more land, until now, at the age of TAYLOR HENSON. sixty-five, this man has the unique record of having bought nearly one thousand acres sheriff's sale, he went to see the party in of real estate and of having sold not one! control and made a verbal offer for the In the opinion of well-informed ac­ whole of six hundred dollars, paying one quaintances this farmer's property is worth hundred down, with the understanding more than one hundred thousand dollars, that he would bid in the rest. Immediately which is quite a sum to most of us. he started clearing the land, which was covered with primeval hardwood, his idea But the crowning satisfaction came about being to convey the impression that he had ten years ago when Mr. Paul of South Bend, arranged to buy and, thereby, kill any gen­ Indiana, considered the greatest truck eral interest in the forthcoming sale. The grower in this country, came to Malvern party in charge intimated that Henson and visited Mr. Henson for the avowed pur­ had better raise his bid; but the farmer pose of congratulating him on his achieve­ never gave any information as to what his ments. In substance this gentleman de­ plans were and on the day of the sale he clared that the Arkansas melons were the succeeded in bidding in the land at his ori­ best that the market received and that the ginal price offer. Instead of three years, land from which they came must be the which had been understood, they gave him truck-garden of the American continent. but seven months in which to pay for the He further stated that the only reason he land. He went to work, however, and split did not transfer his own activities to this enough rails during the fall and winter to region was because he could not obtain pay out the land and the following spring land in units large enough for his methods he was the owner of forty acres of bottom­ of farming. This, from a man who oper­ land, twelve of which were cleared and ates two truck farms of more than three ready for crops. hundred acres each, one in Indiana and the Thus began the landlordship of Taylor other in Texas, was an endorsement more A SONNET 17 satisfying than the returns from the finest several of the finest by killing them before car the recipient had ever shipped. they were taken sick but, in his own words, This achievement is worthy of mention "I was not absolutely sure that they might just as any success which is won by hard not be affected and I preferred losing them work and good judgment; but the outstand­ entirely to selling diseased meat." Such ing feature of this story is the fact that a point of view illustrates the character of Taylor Henson is a Negro, born in slavery, this man. With the loss of eighty-six who never had a single day's schooling, ex­ swine averaging four hundred pounds each, cept in the field and in dealings with his Mr. Henson went out of the pork business fellowmen. When spoken to he always and has not returned. hesitates a moment before replying and the In the South the colored man's mission is white people maintain that he does this in of vital import to the great and growing in­ order to decide whether or not there is any dustries. Sawmills, transportation sys­ money in sight. When the writer suggested tems, plantations, and the multitude of that he pose for a snapshot the old colored lesser activities require his labor. In the man hesitated and then replied, "Why, I nature of things it is inevitable that he don't believe I care to have any such work shall perform lowly tasks until he pro­ done." Upon being assured that he would gresses to the point where he can aspire to not be expected to purchase a photograph he greater responsibilities; but on the soil assented with the words: "Well, then, you he has the opportunity, greater than else­ may do as you like about it, I never had where, of becoming as near independent as my picture made before." any human being may in this great coun­ Several years ago he sent to Illinois for try. Therefore, when a man like Taylor a few registered Poland China hogs and, Henson, starting with no advantages other with characteristic success, was soon the than industry, brains, and will power, and owner of a splendid herd of swine. After under the handicaps which held at the close killing all the meat he required for the of the war, makes a real success of life, his example should be held up before the many fall season, he carried eighty-six heads into thousands of colored boys, now growing up, the winter, with the idea of putting them on that they may aspire to follow in the foot­ the market in the spring, but cholera came steps of progress and become credits to through the county and his herd was wiped their race. out. He states that he might have saved A Sonnet: TO THE MANTLED!

By G. DOUGLAS JOHNSON.

AND they shall rise and cast their mantles by, Erect, and strong, and visioned, as the day That rings the knell of Curfew o'er the sway Of prejudice—who reels with mortal cry To lift no more her leprous, blinded eye. Reft of the fetters, far more cursed than they Which held dominion o'er the human clay, The spirit soars aloft, where rainbows lie.

Like joyful exiles, swift returning home, The rhythmic chanson of their eager feet, While voices, strange to ecstacy, long dumb, Break forth in major cadences, full sweet. Into the very star-shine, !o! they come, Wearing the bays of victory complete! National Association for the Ad vancement of Colored People

THE HEART OF THE SOUTH HE organization of a dozen, lusty, young T branches as a new Dixie District in the heart of the South marks the beginning of a new era in the history of the N. A. A. C. P. We are not unmindful of the good work done there by the branches at New- Orleans, El Paso, and Key West. Never­ theless, we have heretofore been essentially a northern organization calling the atten­ tion of the nation to the worst of the evils oppressing colored folk, reporting the shrieks and moans that came to nur ears from across the Line when some particularly brutal barbarity cried to heaven, a voice trying to speak for inarticulate millions. With the entry of Atlanta into the fight, flanked by Richmond, Norfolk, Durham, Greensboro, Raleigh, Augusta, Athens, Savannah, Charleston, Columbia, Jackson­ ville, and Tampa, we feel that the hosts of the cotton kingdom have suddenly become OFFICERS OF THE JACKSONVILLE, FLA., articulate and the National Association a BRANCH. real first line defense facing the enemy at proper range. of South Carolina, the white members on the colored auxiliary to the Associated That the younger sons will come to grips Charities of Columbia, have written us with their local problems in short order we that they are preparing to oppose the or­ have no doubt, but to Atlanta belongs the dinance; and the new branch should lose honor of launching a fight of first import­ no time in joining forces with them. Jack­ ance without waiting for the ink to dry on sonville has taken steps to secure justice in their application for a charter. the courts for a colored man who killed a Each of these new southern branches has wealthy white man whom he found in his local problems facing them as important as home. Efforts have been made by the police the one with which Atlanta has come to to hold this colored man on some trumped grips. Richmond is taking steps to see that up charge of robbery and of not being colored principals are placed at the head of married to the woman in the case. The the colored public schools in that city, and Jacksonville Branch has engaged a special Charleston has a similar problem to attack. attorney to look after his interests. Mr. The Savannah Branch is taking steps to Wilson Jefferson, President of the Augusta defeat for appointment to a Federal judge­ Branch, writes that "On March 5 we got out ship a man who had openly expressed sen­ perhaps the largest crowd ever assembled timents hostile to the race, and who re­ for a meeting of the character of ours in fused to receive a delegation of colored this old town, to hear James W. Johnson. postal employees, although he was at the • . . I am not going to be satisfied until time a member of Congress from Savannah. my people know the truth about some things Columbia has a fight on its hands against very close to their future well-being and a residential segregation ordinance which happiness." So all through the South the passed its first reading in the City Council new branches are bravely taking up the during the last days of March. R. G. fight. Finlay, rector of Trinity Church, and three The roll of paid-up members as we go to professors on the faculty of the University press, made up at a later date than the 18 THE OUTER POCKET 19

membership statistics below, is eloquent of tified to by a letter received from Tampa the good work accomplished by the Field just as wc go to press, asking for a charter Secretary on his first organizing effort: as a branch: ATLANTA, GA 139 "We are enclosing check for one hun­ TAMPA, FLA 107 dred and nineteen dollars ($119.00) as per RICHMOND, VA 63 list enclosed. The report would have been SAVANNAH, GA 60 sent several days ago but for the ambition COLUMBIA, S. C 46 of the membership to send not less than one JACKSONVILLE, FLA 31 hundred members. We are sending one ATHENS, GA 29 hundred and seven and our motto is to in­ RALEIGH, N. C 29 crease the membership to five hundred with­ CHARLESTON, S. C 29 in the net few days." AUGUSTA, GA 28 Under date of March 31, a circular letter GREENSBORO, N. C 27 is being sent out to the entire Association NORFOLK, VA 26 membership with a blank enclosed urging DURHAM, N. C 25 each member to send in at least one new member from among his or her friends. It 639 is not only because in numbers lies our "There is no doubt that a new spirit is strength that we make this earnest plea. awakening in the South," Mr. Johnson says, It is not only because the N. A. A. C. P. is "and that the National Association for the fighting for the rights of all colored people Advancement of Colored People offers the that it should be supported by every one, precise medium for the exercise of that white or black, who has the future of democ­ spirit. When the Association has spread racy in America at heart. We are in the over the entire South, as it is certain to do, war, and always in times of international and the thinking men and women of the stress the support of many large con­ race feel and know that they are leagued tributors who support organizations deal­ together with thinking men and women of ing with internal problems is withdrawn. both races all over the country for one and The first year of the European war was so the same purpose, when each group feels and lean that the Association had to curtail its knows that it has the co-operation and sup­ activities all along the line for lack of funds; port of all the other groups, many are the yet it is a moment when we must be par­ changes that are going to be brought about. ticularly alert if we would take advantage "I am not only gratified by the campaign of war-created opportunities to advance the in the South, but I have been encouraged status of colored people, as the disfran­ and inspired by it. And I ought to add chised women of England and the oppressed that I had a most enjoyable time; the six masses of Russia have advanced theirs. thousand people whom I met not only lis­ All new memberships received from this tened to what I had to say and responded appeal will of course be entered to the to my efforts, but, without exception, treated credit of the local branch of the city from me in full accordance with the fine old tradi­ which they come, and we count upon the tions of Southern hospitality." active cooperation of all branch officers in How ready the South is to join forces with shoving the Association membership well and subscribe to the uncompromising de­ across the 10,000 mark within the next mands of the N. A. A. C. P. is further tes­ month.

The Outer Pocket I AM writing you this for special informa- that we are the people to go back there tion and it is this: I want to know because we are the children of Ham. If whether we are the people to go to Liberia, this is so let me know in the next edition of Africa, or not. I am told, by the Bible, the Crisis at your earliest date. If you 20 THE CRISIS

wish to know my color, I am a Negro woman County Justice of Peace to the Governor of and there are plenty of people around here the State. who want to go home because they are not I think the Negro has the nerve to fight treated right here. My friend, who is writ­ but like all other right thinking people, they ing for me, does housework for white peo­ know it would be a useless fight with the ple, cleaning seven rooms including the odds so strong against them and conse­ scrubbing and sweeping. She only gets 60 quently they have decided on the most •ents a day for all that work and, dear damaging and best revenge. That is to Editor, you know by that, we have to leave leave the South. It will be more far reach­ this place. We hear of people over in S. ing than any rebellion. This migration is C, Ga., and Ala., and we want to go too. going to reach every part of the Southland. If you can get this information before It's not only going to harm the proprietors my Crisis you will please send it to me. but the entire white population from the

MRS. JOSEPHINE CLEMMONS. cradle to the grave, from the poor devils who Muskogee, Okla. commit the crime to the rich land-owner who protects him. I have just read in your April Crisis a I have been living in the South all my letter in the Outer Pocket, written by life and all I've got is this. My whole life's Donald W. Moore, Halifax, N. S., in ref­ savings that I worked for is practically erence to the lynching in Georgia. Yes, it lost as I can't sell it for any price. I sold seems most strange to any one who lives it to get rid of the awful fear of being in the Northern States and has never had killed just as Crawford of S. C. was mur­ any experience of the life that the colored dered. I have decided to leave everything man in the South has to undergo. They just as it stands and maybe some day I are handicapped in everything, even to the might realize something from my property. extent of self-protection, and in most in­ But I doubt it very seriously. Just as I stances they are handicapped in practical have decided to do thousands have decided protest more than anything else. Ninety to do the same thing. The best thing the per cent of the lynching that happens is over Northern Negro can do is to help educate before the Negroes know that anything has his Southern brother into the Northern ever happened, or that any crime has been ways, for he is here to stay. committed. When the Negroes know it's over, the whites are all prepared to lynch others who make the least protest in any The April Crisis is excellent, as good a form and accord them the same treatment. number as you have ever had. Ma„ it and If the Negroes (in certain sections) have its whole "staff" from the editor down to meetings or form any kind of an organiza­ the humblest office boy thrive and flourish. tion to perfect a protest, they are lynched MARIANNA G. BRUBAKER. for plotting against the white people (just Bird-in-Hand, Pa. as was done in Early and Worth Counties In perusing the January Crisis, I ob­ in Georgia). So you see protest is useless served an article under the heading "Migra­ in any form as the State's Militia is white. tion and Help" in which you repeat your If they are called out, it's only to protect argument that the Southern Negro who is the white man in his law-breaking, and not assured of employment should continue to to do justice. I would just as soon be in go North. Permit me to agree with you the jungles of Africa bare-handed as to be and assure you that although you handle in a Georgia jail with the Georgia Militia every subject you take up in a masterly way, on guard if I had been suspicioned of doing- even you cannot understand the trials the something or one of the many things that poor Southern Negro must undergo merely constitutes a crime to be lynched according to exist. I appreciate the fact, sir, that to their inflamed minds. you are a very busy man, but beg that, There is nothing the matter with the even if you do not deem this narrative colored people in the South. They are not worthy of a place in your magazine, or too afraid of the lynchers, but they are afraid lengthy for publication, that, you will at of the backers. That is the men who up­ least peruse it from start to finish. I wish hold them and they are the officials from to tell a story here that may serve to give THE OUTER POCKET 21 you a little more of the actual facts sur- men, pushed along by men already in busi­ sounding the Southern Negro. ness. Many of them could scarcely write A young friend of mine was compelled to their names and that was the limit of their stop school after finishing the English education. The agent of the steamship line Course and being transferred to the 1st, politely informed him that if he was a year Normal of a reputable local high white man he would get him a position as school. As far as he went he finished with clerk or warehouseman at a salary of $60 honors, having captured the class prize for or $75 a month, but as he was a Negro he at least four consecutive terms. Coming out could do nothing for him. of school he looked around for fitting em­ This story is often repeated in our South­ ployment and was employed by a grocer. Be­ land. The young Negroes will not go to gan as all around boy at $1.75 per week and school, and if you tell them it will benefit in one month was promoted as driver on a them, they ask you what benefit is yours small route at $3.00 per week. Being to you! What can we answer? Those eager to get ahead he worked his way on who are educated, not having enough to up and after serving the grocer about 13 travel and pay expenses until they get months, he had filled every position from good employment, become despondent and warehouseman, bill collector, billpayer and take to drink, dice and other vices to for­ clerk to drummer for trade and salesman for get the dreams they once cherished as ideals. goods that no one else could sell at the This Northern migration offers a splendid salary of $6.00 per week and board. He opportunity for the Southern Negro of am­ left this grocer and entered the service of bition. Our white neighbors here have pre­ a steamship company as laborer at $1.50 pen viously arranged matters so a Negro would day. Was promoted to cooper at same pay. never save money enough to get away from On a certain occasion the company could his oppressors, and those Negroes who are not secure the services of a white man fortunate enough to rise to some extent capable of holding the position of storage have joined hands with the white men in clerk for the steamships. This is a very this pleasant occupation. Now, my friend responsible position, the steamship freight is a young man of age, but discouraged and manifests being made up from the report having responsibility on him he cannot leave of the storage clerk. The agent of the home unless already assured of immediate line, having observed that my friend ap­ employment. I hope some young man hear­ peared to be intelligent, gave him the posi­ ing this, in your land of opportunities, may tion. He made good and asked for more be aroused to appreciation of the opportuni­ pay, receiving $2.00 per day on condition ties offered him. that when the ships were not in port he E. H. BROWN. work on the docks at $1.50 per day as a New Orleans, La. laborer. At this time he was 18 years of I am very glad to renew my subscription age. A new foreman employed by the com­ to the Crisis, to the Northern California pany took the clerk's job away from him Branch. I enclose also a small subscrip­ and gave it to a white man, the white man tion to the Anti-Lynching fund, wishing receiving $3.00 per day, and my friend's only that it might be larger. I take every wages being reduced to $1.50 per day per­ opportunity of speaking privately and in manently. He left this company's service public of the sad situation which distresses and went to St. Louis, Mo., being employed every friend of the colored people. I feel in a hotel as elevator man at a salary of that this country can do but little for the $18 a month and board. The place being safeguarding of the law of nations or for a family house, the tips were small and international friendship so long as the law few. Having someone dependent on him of the land is so flagrantly flouted and the and it being absolutely necessary that he friendship of different races is so far from get more money, he returned home. realization here. I wish the Association and To-day he is a laborer at $1.50 a day the Crisis great success in the constructive with every good prospect of remaining so. work of education, conciliation, and defence White boys who worked side by side with HAROLD E. B. SPEIGHT, bim as a dock laborer to-day are business Berkeley, Cal, The Looking Glass

LITERATURE. with their blood freely spilled for American liberties and freedom in every war. FROM George Eliot: Shall we now in the face of the danger Dark is the Night, that seems looming largely before us play Yet is she bright, the baby-act and refuse to our country a For in her dark she brings the mystic citizen's bounden duty? Every generous star; instinct of your heart will tell you no. Two wrongs never make a right. Let us Trembling yet strong as is the voice train and prepare ourselves in every way for of love, the eventualities that appear to be heading From some unknown afar. our way. And the Almighty Hand that O radiant Dark! 0 darkly fostered ray! unerringly guides and directs the destinies of peoples and races will bring us to the Thou hast a joy too deep for shallow Day. haven where we would be, that is, where, as Ralph Cobleigh one of the editors of the the Crisis people say to, we shall be "phys­ ically free from peonage, mentally free from Congregationalist has an excellent article ignorance, politically free from disfranchise­ on leaders in the new South with pictures ment, and socially free from insult." . . . of four leading colored men. Let us do nothing to divide our people in St. Nihal Singh publishes in the Mod­ this hour of our country's trials; neither let ern Review (Calcutta), an article which our work be negative nor reactionary but constructive. THIS PLAN OF DR. SPIN- is copied in the living Age on "Fifty GARN'S IS CONSTRUCTIVE, AND I Years of Negro American Achievement." HOPE IT WILL MEET WITH THE BEST OF RESULTS. When the storm is past The message to America of Romain we can take up the idealism of the Rolland: cause. . . . May there be in this case no Achilles sulk­ This is your first task:—The diverse per­ ing in his tent. Such actions "cool our sonalities that compose your States must friends and heat our enemies," do no good, dare to express themselves, freely, sincerely, and are not in the line of strict loyalty entirely, in art. They must avoid the false to the flag. quest after originality. They must be care­ less of form. They must be fearless of Every white southerner knows that if opinion. he were a Negro his treatment in the You have a second task—one more diffi­ United States and particularly in the cult and more remote. It is to establish South would make him hate the land of from all these free-moving personalities his birth. He, therefore, rushes to as­ within your States a tie that shall be as.a blood-bond. Their lives are of many moods sume the Negroes disloyalty in the pres­ and colors. Build them into a great Cathe­ ent war. To such persons the following dral. Their voices are unconscious and editorial from the Louisville Courier spontaneous and discordant. Compose from them a Symphony. Think of the rich Journal will be almost inexplicable. The foundation of your country. It is made up editor says of Roscoe Conklin Simmons, a of all races; it has flowed in to you from all colored man: continents. May this help you to under­ stand the essential spirits of these peoples His words, spoken the other day before whose sum must be America. May it bring a gathering of his own race, should spread you to realize that a vast harmony exists a blush of shame on the Caucasian skins between their varying intellectual forces. of some who are conspicuous in the eyes of the nation just now. When men of su­ perior learning and vaunted super-race LOYALTY. connections, intrusted with the solemn duty of serving and protecting their country's COLONEL CHARLES YOUNG, writ- destiny, join with foreign tyrant cut­ ing to the Cleveland Gazette, says of throats to heap contumely upon the nation's the proposed Spingarn camp for Negro head and tie his hands stretched out to protect the lives and rights of Americans; officers. when snivelling white pacifists join with all We Negroes must have a part—a glorious the traitor-slacker crew to invite national one—in the destiny of this country—Our disgrace and ruin, well may this member of Country. The one where our fathers an "inferior race" boast: wrought mightily in spite of handicaps the "We have a record to defend, but no most stupendous. The one whose soil is red treason, thank God, to atone or explain. ?3 THE LOOKING GLASS 28

While in chains we fought to free white men It is an undeniable fact that the treat­ —from Lexington to Carrizal—and returned ment of the colored man, manifesting itself again to our chains. No Negro ever struck in lynching, disfranchisement and abomin­ insulted the flag. No Negro ever struck able "jim crow car" accommodations, is down a President of these United States. inconsistent with what is due loyal citizens; No Negro ever sold a military map or secret and, while there is no question in the colored to a foreign government. No Negro ever man's mind as to his loyalty, it is barely ran under fire or lost an opportunity to possible that the source of the question in serve, to fight, to bleed and to die in the some white people's minds can be attri­ republic's cause. Accuse us of what you buted to a conviction that loyalty is not due will—justly and wrongly—no man can point from this class of citizens. to a single instance of our disloyalty. The consensus of opinion, and that over­ "We have but one country and one flag, whelmingly, among colored people is that the flag that set us free. Its language is this is their country, notwithstanding perse­ our only tongue, and no hyphen bridges or cution ; that this is the land of their fathers, qualifies our loyalty. To-day the nation faces and where they died; that their inheritance danger from a foreign foe, treason stalks is inalienable, and that this doctrine is ac­ and skulks up and down our land, in dark cepted by all colored men, and that we will councils intrigue is being hatched. I am a not allow any class of people to rob us of Republican, but a Wilson Republican. our inalienable rights without our protest. Woodrow Wilson is my leader. What he And, while we expect to protest until things commands me to do I shall do. Where he are righted, we propose to be loyal to our commands me to go I shall go. If he calls country and to stand by the government as me to the colors, I shall not ask whether strongly as any other class of people, and my Colonel is black or white. I shall be deny any man the right to treat us other there to pick out no color except the white than as citizens entitled to all the rights and of the enemy's eye. Grievances I have immunities as such. The colored man yields against this people, against this Govern­ to no man in his spirit of patriotism and ment. Injustice to me there is, bad laws consecration in defense of the United States. there are upon the statute books, but in this His vision of the future is as strong as his hour of peril I forget—and you must for­ convictions of the past. That we are not get—all thoughts of self or race or creed or treated better is a shame—and a howling politics or color. That, boys, is loyalty." shame. But we will not be robbed of our birthright by persecution or otherwise. In Even the Shreveport, La., Times, ac­ war Old Glory will not touch the ground be­ knowledges the truth of these words albeit cause of lack of patriotism on the part of with a wry face. Whatever may be said the colored standard-bearer, and when from his hands she falls her folds will cover his of Simmons' complaint about "chains," prostrate form. All ye doubters, remember "injustice" and "bad laws," of which the Carrizal, Fort Wagner and State Street, Negro is supposed to be the victim, the Boston. picture that he drew of the Negro's un­ Meantime the very dark complexioned swerving devotion to his country at all Vardaman of Mississippi is as usual see­ times cannot be gainsaid. It is character­ ing things: istic of the Negro to complain and to in­ "Universal military service means that dulge the fancy that he is being woefully millions of Negroes who will come under mistreated. But Simmons' proud boast in this measure will be armed. I know of no behalf of his race was not altogether idle. greater menace to the South than this," Mr. Simmons words are echoed by every said Senator James K. Vardaman today visiting at Beauvoir. colored journal. The Washington Bee says that the Negro is willing today to take up arms and de­ THE EXODUS fend the American flag; he stands ready to BRADSTREET'S, perhaps the highest uphold the arms of the President; he stands ready to defend the country and his Presi­ present authority, has this summary dent against this cruel and unjust oppres­ of the present situation as to the migration sion. His mother, sister, brother and chil­ of Negro laborers: dren are being burned at the stake and yet the American flag is his emblem and which An immense migration of Negroes from he stands ready to defend. In all the the South to Northern cities and industrial battles the Negro soldier has proved his centres is reported. Overcrowding of sec­ loyalty and today he is the only true Amer­ tions inhabited by these people and greatly ican at whom the finger of scorn cannot be advanced rents are reported. The large pointed. migration caused by higher wages offered is expected to have an important bearing George William Cook says in the Wash­ on crop, especially cotton culture in the ington Post: South. 24 THE CRISIS

J. Max Barber says in the Philadelphia But, common justice and fair play ought to have required that those who raised or Bulletin: approved that cry should see to it that no Conservative estimates place the number taxes paid in by Negroes for educational of Negroes who have come North during purposes should be used to educate white the last year between 150,000 and 300,000, children. The remarkable thing is that while some reports from even Southern those of our citizens who are most bitterly papers say that the number of Negroes opposed to education of Negroes are the who have shaken the dust of the warm sav­ very ones who probably would be hurt most annahs of the Southland from their feet in if the exodus of Negro labor from the the last year, is still lower. All agree that South should continue. As the Piedmont when the Northern ice and snow melt and pointed out in a previous editorial, there is the spring winds blow again, there is go­ no way to force Negro laborers to stay in ing to be a mighty exodus of Negroes from the South if they desire to go elsewhere. the South. Nor will platitudes induce them to remain What sir, do you think is the cause of in this section. Substantial justice must this vast migration? Negroes are not or­ be done them or the exodus will continue and dinarily a migrating race. A study of the even increase in volume. It would be much history of Africa shows that for ages easier and pleasanter to dodge discussion of certain races have clung to both their terri­ this subject, but that will not solve the tory and traditions; and that great migra­ problem. The thing for us to do is to tions have taken place only when the pres­ fearlessly face -the problem and honestly sure of great persecutions have forced these discuss it. Does the South want to keep migrations. its great supply of Negro labor? If not, It is in greater oppression; more flagrant there is no need of a change in the South's injustice; more widely advertised lynchings treatment of the Negro; if it does, there to a hopelessly helpless condition resultant must be a change. from wholesale disfranchisement; and to A correspondent from the same paper the pitiably low wages paid them, that are writing from the West says: to be found the real reasons for the present movement. If the South wants to keep all of its The white men of the South are assum­ Negro labor and not share it liberally, it ing authority never dreamt of by the will have to offer equal inducements in framers of the Constitution. Some of their wages, living conditions and opportunity and laws which may be even technically right, a fuller measure of equality in treatment. are pernicious in principle and mischievous If, on the other hand, it wants to get rid in operation where the Negro is involved. of the Negro and substitute white labor, The air is full of a subtle, illusive intimida­ now is its chance. tion; justice in the Courts is a sham and Carroll and Burke will not be able to a delusion; the judges and legislators rep­ keep the Negroes in the South by inviting resent a plethora of small politicians and the white ministers and other big white men pettifogging lawyers. to speak to them. They have caught on to But now that the Negro is leaving, the that old trick. Something must be done to South would retain him. Already, the better his condition financially, educational­ effect is wholesome. The harsh attitude ly, politically and morally. Talk will not is toning down. The South needs Negro do it. Why keep him illiterate and blame labor, for it never did know how to treat him for being so? Why segregate him to white labor. It is the greatest thing that the back yards, swamps and alleys, and then has happened for the Negro since emancipa­ call him a dirty filthy nigger? Why keep tion. him out of politics and then say he is not a statesman? Brown and Stewart of Musko­ That the South is awakening is shown gee, Okla., specimens of Negro humanity, by some plain statements in the Greenville, have few equals and no superiors as attor­ S. C, Piedmont: neys in this state. They handle the busi­ ness for some of the richest white men in It must be confessed that many white men this state. The Negro asks no favor. All in the South do not want the Negro edu­ they ask is a man's chance. To hold the cated and their power in most Southern Negro the South must offer as much to his states has been great enough to cripple manhood as the North. the facilities provided for the education of Such occasional sentiments do not mean the Negro. It is hard to get at the facts in the case, but it is asserted, and it probably that the Bourbon South has surrendered. is true, that the public schools for Negroes The Raleigh News and Courier for in­ in this state do not receive for their sup­ stance is afraid that the Negro will re­ port as much as the Negroes of this state turn to politics: Day in taxes for educational purposes. We have had demagogues cry aloud against any The Raleigh Independent can prove a use for education of Negroes of taxes paid source of strength to the Negroes of Raleigh for educational purposes by white people the State, if it shall so elect. But we are' THE LOOKING GLASS 25 convinced that if the burden of its teach­ imal made a wild turn into Sanford avenue ings shall be to have the Negro back in and was traveling toward Union street at a politics that it is mistaken friendship that terrific rate of speed. A group of men is being shown. on the corner of Sanford and Bowne avenue At the Alabama Sociological Congress a made no effort to stop the animal, but as soon as Stuart saw the runaway he ran into white judge named Abernathy was very the road and grabbed the bridle. Stuart plain. Speaking of the Negroes he said: was dragged several feet before he got the says ? horse under control but was uninjured. From the top of his bone head to the Stuart stopped the horse just as it was bottom of his flat foot, there isn't a chance about to run on the sidewalk where a hun­ to educate a Negro. God Almighty made dred or more children were walking back them to hew wood and draw water and I'm to school. opposed to educating them. Booker Wash­ In a later number of the Times appears • ington has done more harm in Alabama than this delicious "Card of Thanks:" tuberculosis. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph N. Stewart, 131 There's just as much difference in human Forest avenue wish the Times to thank Mr. nature and Negro nature as there is between Schmalkuche & Son who keep a grocery the smell of limberger cheese and a bunch store at 189 Franklin place, for the reward of roses. I believe in keeping him on the given to their son—two bananas and a few farm. sticks of candy—when the boy risked his A colored man writes to the Montgomery life to stop the runaway horse, and to save Advertiser: the lives of other school children. Thoughtful Negroes throughout the State, JOSEPH N. STEWART. and the South, welcome the fact that men Mr. Schmalkuche ought to send around like Judge Abernathy of the Municipal at least one more banana. Court of Jefferson county are giving their views on the race question at this time. We have known for a long time that the ex­ "THE BIRTH OF A NATION." alted seat of judge was filled in many places by men filled to overflowing with prej­ THE Dayton, O., Forum, a colored paper, udice toward the Negro, and we are glad has this bitter comment: that Judge Abernathy now advertises this It is indeed deplorable that men who hidden truth to the world. If one takes the have attained the position in life of George Judge's speech at its face value, you would L. Knox, publisher of The Freeman, and A. readily conclude that it is impossible for a E. Manning, publisher of the Indianapolis Negro to receive anything like justice in the World, should so forget their duty to the Municipal Court of Jefferson county. race variety of which they are identified as We are being told by the newspapers to to sell out to Tom Dixon and other enemies stay in the South, that the Southern white of the Negro. The reader will find else­ man is our best friend, and that he under­ where in this issue a full account of the stands us better than the people of the North. contemptible deed these men committed right What is friendship? If the Southern white here in Dayton. man was our friend, he would not take our The twelve thousand colored citizens of vote away, the only weapon of protest that Dayton had made a strenuous fight to pre­ any people can successfully use, and then vent Tom Dixon's photo-play, "The Birth force upon us all other responsibilities of of a Nation," from showing in Dayton. citizenship. If the Negro of Alabama had They had, through persistent efforts, se­ the use of the ballot, Judge Abernathy would cured the co-operation and help of the have hesitated a long time before giving Greater Dayton Association (the largest vent to such views as he gave before the civic body of business men in the United Alabama Sociological Congress. States), the Federation of the City Churches, the white Y. W. C. A., hundreds A CARD OF THANKS. of white citizens had written letters of pro­ THE Flushing, N. Y., Times, under the test, the City Commissioners had passed a heading "Heroic Lad Stops Runaway resolution condemning the presentation of the film, and were on the verge of passing Horse" says: an ordinance which would have prevented Arthur Stuart, colored, 14 years old, a it from showing here, when these black pupil in Public School 20, Sanford avenue, Judases spoke in favor of the infamous saved a number of children from injury and photo-play. possible death at noon this Tuesday when After old man Knox cringingly stated he grabbed a runaway horse as it was rac­ ing down Sanford avenue, and stopped it. that he had seen the film three times, that it The horse belonged to William Schmal- was all right, as it showed the love of the kuche & Son, grocers, of 189 Franklin place. Negro for his master and the love the black It ran down Bowne avenue from the store "mammies" had for the young white sol­ on the corner of Franklin place. The an­ diers, the Commissioners got "cold feet," our 26 THE CRISIS

white friends became mortified, the commit­ afloat in the world, were ineffectual against tee was humiliated. The legal department her because of the peculiar formation of of the city framed up an excuse. The ordi­ nance was not drawn up. Thus again the her sloping roof of armor. It was decided race was sold out by unprincipled leaders that the only way to destroy her was by for a few pieces of silver! ramming her. Some little time after the Doctor Spingarn was right when he said, duel in Hampton Roads (this was between "What the colored people need most of all the Monitor and Merrimac), early in the is not money, or land, or political power, or patronizing friends, but unpurchasable month of April, four big steamships, the leaders—leaders who would not sell their Vanderbilt, the Arago, the Ericsson and souls for the good will of their neighbors or the Illinois—came down to Fort Monroe to for big buildings, any more than they would be in the harbor in readiness to attack the for a dollar or a job." Merrimac if she came out and destroy her by running her down. LINCOLN. "All the steamships came down under sealed orders. Captain Gadsden of the A COLORED writer sends this letter to the Columbus, Ohio, Despatch: Arago, a merchant ship chartered for this I am about to relate to you what seems to service, on reaching Fort Monroe and open­ me rather pathetic. ing his orders found that his ship was to be On Monday, Feb. 12, the members of East a ram. His crew in some way got to know High School celebrated Abraham Lincoln's the nature of the mission their ship was on, birthday and a colored girl who is in at­ tendance at East High said to her mother and the dangerous character of the work in on returning from school, "We had a lovely which they were to engage, and promptly program today in honor of Abraham Lin­ deserted in a body. . . . coln, but, mother, it seems to me we might have had a colored boy or girl somewhere "General Wood brought Captain Gadsden on the program as Lincoln was such a friend to me and the latter related to me the to the Negro." condition of affairs. He said Negroes They never ask us to participate in other would do for his purpose quite as well as rhetoricals but it seems that we might white men and asked me if I would give have had a representative on this program so that we could say something in honor of him fifty Negroes. the "great emancipator." I overheard a " 'Yes,' I answered, 'I will let you have conversation not long ago between some little all the Negroes you want under certain colored boys who had been attending manual training school. One said to the other, conditions.' "I wonder why the teacher never lets us use " 'What are they?' asked Captain Gads­ the saw; he always lets the white boys saw." den. These one or two illustrations are only similar to what we hear almost every day. " 'They must be volunteers,' I said. Now, the writer is a Buckeye by birth and 'They must understand exactly the nature never attended a Negro school, but we never of the service expected of them, all its dan­ knew any such prejudice here in Ohio a few gers and possibilities, and must undertake years ago. it voluntarily, or they are of no use what­ Our people are advancing along all lines, yet the prejudices grow stronger. ever to you. I cannot tell whether or not We are barred from picture shows, in they will volunteer. But I will make the fact, discriminated against in almost all experiment if you like. They must further public places; get only a half show in pub­ be rated on the ship's books and their stand­ lic schools, which are supposed to be free ing must be the same as that of the crew alike to Irish, Italian, Jew, heathen Chinese and all classes. that deserted.' "Captain Gadsden agreed to these con­ ditions. THE MERRIMAC "At 12 o'clock Captain Wilder had three COLONEL L. B. CANNON tells this hundred and fifty sturdy Negro stevedores story in the Troy, N. Y., Record: drawn up in double lines. Captain Wilder "Our experiences with the Merrimac made an address to them. convinced the army and naval officers that "Not a sign of emotion was visible on she was proof against all gun fire. Even the countenance of any of the Negroes dur­ our two largest guns, then the largest ing Captain Wilder's address. They stood THE LOOKING GLASS 27

like so many sphinxes. There was no re­ Methodist Church, South: sponse to his appeal. Does the gospel of social living offer any "I was discouraged and disgusted, for I help in the solution of race difficulties? Are differences between white men and col­ was not prepared for such a thoroughly ored men too deep to be bridged by active disheartening exhibition of indifference. human love? Is not the problem better But I decided to make an attempt myself to stated as a human question than as a race see if they understood just their circum­ question? We frankly admit that a problem exists stances, and had any appreciation of the and that it is national in its significance. opportunity thus offered to them. I ad­ Some among us say that there is no prob­ dressed them: . . . lem, for the Negro has learned to "keep his place" in a white man's civilization. This "We have brought down four big ships easy disposition of the problem is the fal­ to destroy the Merrimac by ramming her. lacy of "begging the question." The really The enterprise is a hazardous one, but it is vital question at issue is: "What is the Negro's place in civilization?" The answer full of glory. From on board one ship the cannot be reached by an appeal to things white sailors have deserted because of the as they are or to things as some man might hazard of the service. It is my privilege to wish they were. Others attempt to reduce offer to fifty of you the opportunity to vol­ the problem to its lowest terms by asserting that the Negro cannot advance beyond a unteer to go on that ship. Every man who certain point fixed by the Creator when he survives will be a hero and those who fall made him a Negro. This attempt to clas­ will be martyrs. Now those boys who will sify races as superior and inferior is both unscientific and unchristian. No one has volunteer to go on board this fighting ship ever succeeded in establishing the dead line will move three paces to the front. of Negro intelligence and morality. Still "And the whole line moved up in a solid others argue: "The Southern white men know all about the Negro; leave the ques­ column, as though actuated by a single im­ tion to them." There is no Southern atti­ pulse. It was a thrilling response, and the tude on the Negro question. Men of the most remarkable and impressive scene I South differ among themselves both in their ever witnessed. understanding of the problem and in their method of solving it. They have, indeed, a "We picked out fifty of the most likely very grave responsibility in the premises men and they were sent at once aboard the which they may not at the price of their Arago. They were escorted down to the honor evade or transfer to others. But the Negro problem belongs to the nation, and boats by all the Negroes around about, with it appeals to the brain and heart and char­ shouting, singing and praying and every acter of the nation for its final answer. demonstration of exultant joy. It was a He goes on to expound the value of the most exciting and inspiring sight. Negro as a laborer, as a buyer, as a prop­ "The volunteers put aboard the Arago erty owner, and as a home builder. He proved themselves most apt and willing recognizes the higher achievements of the workers and soon proved their value and Negro. He continues: justified our confidence in them. They were The purpose of the foregoing discussion is equipped as sailors, and when they came to demonstrate what to many minds is still ashore the Negroes in our lines almost wor­ a matter of doubt. The Negro is not a beast of burden, nor a mere imitator of the shipped them. white man. He is rendering his own inde­ "A week or two after this incident Cap­ pendent service to a higher society. He is tain Fox, first assistant secretary of the not a drawback to civilization; he is indis­ pensable to American life, and the destiny navy, came down to Fort Monroe. I told of these western lands will be imperfectly him what we had done and he was greatly achieved if he does not perform his own interested and saw the men and inquired racial mission. fully as to their capabilities and value. It is not the argument of this paper that Shortly afterward he issued an order that all Negroes have had a part in contributing all the valuable things herein set forth, for the fleets be recruited entirely from Ne­ such an argument to one who has lived all groes." his days in the South would be an inex­ cusable act of stupidity. But it is unhesi­ tatingly affirmed that the race of Negroes SOCIAL GOSPEL has been and is an indispensable benefit to A. M. TRAWICK, a Southern man, has American society, and the best things the few have achieved is a prophecy of still A • written a splendid article on the greater benefits the many will confer. We "Social Gospel and Racial Relationship" in enter no plea for charity to be granted to the Epworth Era, one of the organs of the a race of "hewers of wood and drawers of 28 THE CRISIS water;" we plead for a spirit of co-opera­ warp the judgment of hasty thinkers and tion to make our whole civilization what the prejudices of those who are too busy, the will of God purposed in giving us a too idle or too incompetent to think. double race life on a common soil. The Hebrew race is still giving the world He touches on the helplessness of Negro leaders in literature, science, and philosophy as it has done for ages. And it is providing women: business men of such ability that every race It is not the vicious and degraded women will do well to pattern after them in enter­ alone who are accosted by white men, and prise, probity, and wisdom. They have their it distinctly is not true that a Negro woman equals, these Hebrews, in many lands and is not annoyed until she gives evidence that races, but they have few superiors. Why she cares nothing for her honor. The more make a joke of their superiority in sales­ modest, the more refined she is, the more manship? certain it is that she becomes the object of some white man's pursuit. The average The Scotsman's economical turn of mind white man professes to believe that no has been made to serve the world well in Negro woman possesses purity of character, numerous places where Scots have risen to and proceeding from that assumption, he leadership, and it gives competence to many persuades himself that he is a gentleman and keeps others from the poorhouses in all when he maintains a courteous bearing quarters of the world. Why make a sense­ toward sheltered and protected white less joke out of the virtue of thrift? women. Toward women whose fathers, If the Yankee is a good bargainer he and husbands and brothers happen to be Ne­ his country profit thereby and those who groes, without the shelter and protection of compete with him will learn to sharpen their a similar code of honor, he may act as he wits and be the better for it. His thriftiness pleases and defy resentment. is worthy of praise, not ridicule. The Eng­ He condemns mob violence; he believes lishman's "slowness" is not stupidity, but rather commendable, ingrained cautiousness. in Negro suffrage: Surely to be careful, cautious, is not to pro­ The failure to take into consideration the voke laughter? The Frenchman has in the intellectual and moral progress of the race fight against the German disproved the in appreciation of their American citizen­ flippancy fling; his heroism is as high, as ship is the bitter root from which have holy, as noble as any heroism the world ever sprung injustice and unfairness. The Negro has seen. And the Negro in the United is willing to abide by any test of civic fitness States is yearly becoming wiser, richer, and that applies equally to all members of a more of a contributor to world progress. common democracy. He wishes only to be Can't the wits invent some new, really assured that his political opportunities and funny jokes? limitations are accorded to him in a spirit of fairness and justice. The Lexington, Ky., Herald says: He calls for co-operation in social uplift Parson Elmore T. Offutt, colored, was eloquently exhorting at the Pleasant Green and ends with these words: Hill Church two Sunday nights ago. Race co-operation conducted on such a "I want only religious people in my con­ fair and equitable basis as this will be a gregation," he proclaimed fervently reach­ mighty agency in building up a nation in ing the climax of his sermon. the fear of God and will furnish to all the world an object lesson in the eternal value "You are a liar," shouted one Rowe Ken- of the gospel of social living. drick, rising up at the back of the church. "All yo' want is money. You don't worry none about religion or nothin' else." SMILES Yesterday morning Kendrick was ar­ THE Detroit Free Press writes: raigned before Judge Riley on a charge -*- Some humorous sallies have been taken of disturbing religious worship. After a far too seriously by the mass of mankind discussion of the case Judge Riley decided and harm has come thereby. They have to let Kendrick go after he was recognized grown flat, stale, and unprofitable to the to keen the peace for one year. wits of the world. It is time the chestnut It was a colored woman at one of those bells were tolled for them on stage and little southern junction points where trains platform, in print and in conversation. are never on time. She and others had Take for instance those venerable stock waited and waited and gone away; then jokes about the readiness of the Hebrew to sell things, of the Scotchman to save money they hurried back to wait some more. and goods, of the Yankee to drive hard bar­ "Has the train come, yet?" asked some gains, of the Englishman to be solemn, of one anxiously. the Frenchman to be flippant, and of the Negro to be improvident and thoughtless. The colored woman was philosophical and sparing of words: These are all distortions of fact, carica­ tures of virtues, and they give false im­ "It's jes bound for to aint come," she pressions of races and individuals. Thev said. The Looking Glass

Copyright by Underwood and Underwood, N. Y. FRENCH AFRICAN TROOPS REST AFTER VICTORY AT DOUAUMONT.

This photograph was taken while the French African fighters were en route to the Riviera to enjoy a well earned rest following the battle of Douaumont in which they creditably acquitted themselves. The ranks of these intrepid fighters were considerably depleted in this battle which took place on October 26th and ended in a complete victory for the Allies. Note the size of these fighters in comparison with the man standing in the foreground toward the left. 29 30 THE CRISIS

FROM BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. Above: The Square recently named after Frederick Douglass. Below: The new Agassiz School, Cambridge, of which Miss Maria L. Baldwin, a colored woman is master. Men of the Month

A SERVANT OF THE GOVERNMENT. TWO SUPERVISING ARCHITECTS. THE late Dr. Arthur S. Gray was born It is not widely known that two of the in Lawrence, Kansas, in 1869. He was supervising architects under the United trained in the public schools and for a States Superintendent of Construction are while studied at the University of Kansas. colored men. The first to be appointed Entering the civil service at Washington, was Lowell W. Baker who was born in D. C., he became private secretary even­ Ohio in 1868 and became a builder and tually to O. P. Austin, Chief of the Bureau contractor. For eight years he was in­ of Statistics. This position he held fifteen structor in wood-work in the State De­ years, afterward being promoted to the partment of Wilberforce University. He position of expert in foreign languages took up work in a correspondence school and statistics and finally becoming the and passed the civil service examination for statistical correspondent for the Depart­ the position of superintendent of construc­ ment. Trade bulletins and many business tion, being appointed in 1904. He has su­ matters were entrusted entirely to his care pervised buildings for six cities in Ohio, and the Chief of the Bureau writes that two in Indiana, and is now in charge of "his official record has been one of un­ two post office buildings at Albion and usual efficiency, fidelity, loyalty and unsel­ Charlotte, Michigan. He is married and fish devotion to duty." Mr. Gray married has two living children. Miss Amanda V. Brown in 1893 and to­ Mr. William W. Cook was born at Green­ gether . they conducted the well-known ville, S. C, in 1871. He graduated from Gray and Gray pharmacy at the corner of the college department of Claflin Univer­ Twelfth and You Streets, Washington, D. sity and taught the mechanic arts there C. Mr. Gray was active in civic and social and at Georgia State College. After a movements and widely known and liked. post-graduate course in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology he passed the ex­ A PHOTOGRAPHER. amination for senior art draughtsman. In MR. C. M. BATTEY is one of the few 1908 he was assigned to supervise the erec­ colored photographers who have tion and completion of the post office at gained real artistic success. He began his Lancaster, Pa., and since he has supervised career in an architect's office in Indiana­ work in four different states. At pres­ polis. In 1888 he entered the studio of ent he is supervising the new post office Ondeon in Cleveland, Ohio, and afterward at Ashland, Ohio, which will cost with site was for six years superintendent of the $115,000. He has spent over $650,000 Bradley studio on Fifth Avenue, New York, satisfactorily for the government. Mr. where he photographed men like Sir Cook is a son-in-law of Ex-Congressman Thomas E. Miller and has two children. Thomas Lipton and Prince Henry of Prussia. Afterward Mr. Battey was with the firm of Lippincott in the Singer build­ A MINISTER. ing and often appeared as technical ex­ HE late Matthew W. Gilbert was born pert before the courts. He made the com­ T in South Carolina in 1862. He was posite picture of the "King of Finance" educated at Benedict College, South Caro­ which blended portraits of fifty-one national lina, and at Colgate University, Hamilton, bank presidents and was published in N. Y., where he received his bachelor's de­ Everybody's Magazine in November, 1910. gree. He afterward received the honorary Borglum, the sculptor, wrote the com­ degree of Bachelor of Divinity from Union mentary. At present Mr. Battey is in­ Theological Seminary. Entering the ac­ structor in photography at Tuskegee In­ tive ministry of the Baptist church he held charges at Nashville, Tenn., and Jackson­ stitute. Many of his racial studies have ville, Fla. He was the founder of the appeared in the CRISIS magazine. Florida Baptist College at Jacksonville.

31 32

THE LATE DR. M. W. GILBERT. MISS A. H. KNOX. L. W. BAKER. MR. AND MRS. C. M. BATTEY. THE LATE DR. A. S. GRAY. W. w. COOKE, DR. J. H. N. WARING. MEN OF THE MONTH 33

Several years' work followed as pastor, missionary and college teacher until finally Dr. Gilbert became pastor of Mt. Olivet Church, New York City, where he had a hard fight to hold together a divided church. He then went South again and at the time of his death was pastor of the First Baptist Church of Nashville, Tenn., and dean of the theological department of Roger Williams University. He leaves a widow and three children. His oldest son, a young man of great promise, died while a student at Colgate University.

A TEACHER. MISS ALBERTA M. KNOX was gradu­ ated from the High School of New Bedford, Mass., in 1913. She was a mem­ ber of the first class to graduate from the new half million dollar high school and was •elected by the faculty as salutatorian on :count of her ranking the class in scholar­ ship during the four years' course. She also won the Bourne essay prize of fifteen dollars in gold. Miss Knox then attended THE LATE F. B. SANBORN. the Bridgewater normal school and during her training taught at Brockton and A FRIEND OF JOHN BROWN. Taunton, Mass. She was graduated in AMERICAN Negroes will remember the 1916 and offered a position in all three late Franklin Benjamin Sanborn cities but chose New Bedford where she is chiefly because of his intimate connection at present a teacher in the Parker Street with the* John Brown raid. He shared in Normal School. the counsels of John Brown from the be­ ginning of his great plan and his life of the great abolitionist remains the most A TRAINER OF YOUTH. authoritative work. In later days as a DR. JAMES H. N. WARING was made speaker and as correspondent of the superintendent of the Howard Or­ Springfield Republican he could be counted phanage and Industrial School, Kings Park, on as the friend of democracy always even Long Island, March 1, 1917. He was born across the color line. He was born in New in Michigan in 1861, educated in the public Hampshire in 1831 and died in New Jer­ schools of Oberlin, at Howard University sey this year. and at the Western University of Pennsyl­ The New York Evening Post says: vania. He taught school in St. Louis and "There is something a little saddening the District of Columbia, being eleven years in the thought that with him goes the last supervising principal. For the next seven circle in our literature and thought. It is now over a half-century since Hawthorne years he was principal of the colored high and Thoreau died; it is well over a quar­ school at Baltimore, Md. Following this he ter century since the deaths of Emerson became a practising physician in Washing­ and the two Alcotts. The surviving spec­ ton until called to the Howard Orphanage. tators of the group they constituted have He was married to Miss Carrie Brown in passed away, one by one—Ellery Chan- ning early the century, W. T. Harris in 1883 and they have five living children, one 1909, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, 1911, of whom is a graduate of Harvard and two J. T. Trowbridge last year. The books students at Howard. Dr. Waring takes which Mr. Sanborn wrote detailing his up the work founded by the late Dr. Gordon recollections of Concord surpass in interest and carried on for many years by his wife. the recollections left by any of these figures." The Horizon

MUSIC AND ART. G Our cover picture was posed by Miss THE attempt of Mrs. Emilie Hapgood, Anita Thompson of Los Angeles, Cal. She the promoter; Ridgeley Torrence, the was the dancing maid in a recent production playwright, and Robert Edmond Jones, the of Coleridge-Taylor's "Hiawatha." Miss designer, to start the new Negro drama on Thompson is a pupil of Ruth St. Denis, and Broadway, New York, is nothing less than although but sixteen years old, displays re­ epoch making. The initial performance was markable interpretative ability and origi­ given before a distinguished audience April nality. • 5th. Three plays were presented, the "Rider G Mr. David Bispham, the distinguished of Dreams," "Granny Maumee" and " Simon American baritone, was heard in song re­ the Cyrenian." The acting was good, the cital at the Music School Settlement, Mr. James Rosamond Johnson director, on March 4th, in the Settlement recital hall, New York City. Mr. Woodruff Rogers was the ac­ companist. G Madame Azalia Hackley directed a folk­ song festival in Baltimore, Md., during the month of March. She plans to train a large chorus in Washington for a similar affair to be given in that city in April. G Miss Helen Hagan, pianist, was heard in a successful concert at the Auditorium, Atlanta, Ga., on March 6th. C Morehouse College, Atlanta, Ga., cele­ brated its fiftieth anniversary on Feb. 25-27. For that occasion an anniversary hymn was written by Mr. Kemper Harreld, the words by Benjamin Brawley. An anniversary concert by the pupils, consisting of numbers by the Glee Club and orchestra with soli and a violin selection by Mr. Kemper Harreld, was the feature of the closing night. C Mr. Roland W. Hayes, tenor, who is on western concert tour, was heard with much pleasure on March 2d at the Manual Train­ ing High School at Kansas City, Kans. Mr. William S. King, of Philadelphia, was the accompanist. C The Mount Vernon Choral Club, of New- nan, Ga., rendered the cantata "Esther" be­ fore a large audience of white and colored people. C Mr. R. C. Logan, the western basso, was chief soloist at a concert in Butte, Mont., where $1,500 was raised for the poor. G Miss Maude Roberts, of Chicago, and Roy W. Tibbs, of Howard University, gave BLANCHE DEAS AS ACTE'S ATTENDANT IN a joint recital at the Abraham Lincoln "SIMON THE CYRENIAN." Center, Chicago. The critic of the Chicago American says: "Of the rare charm and settings striking and the promise for the tenderness of Miss Roberts' lovely soprano future excellent. it is impossible to write too glowing praise.

34 THE HORIZON 35

The young singer possesses one of the most d Southern railway men, when the last appealing, caressing voices I have ever railway strike was threatened, announced heard. In mezza-voce and pianissimo pas­ that they proposed to put Negroes in the sages and sustained tones the quality takes places of the strikers. Some of the roads on an ethereal hue of great beauty." Of already have Negro boilermakers and me­ Mr. Tibbs the critic said: "He exhibited a chanics as the result of a previous strike. fluent polished technique and a very refined (1 Negro farmers of Albany, Ga., have style." greatly increased their live stock as a re­ C Miss Mildred Bryant, of Louisville, Ky., sult of the injury to the cotton crop by directed the concert at the dedication of the boll weevil. the new colored Central High School. The (r The People's Drug Store, of Birming­ program was given by the girls' glee club ham, Ala., has moved into new and larger and "showed fine training in the excellent quarters. interpretation of the music they rendered." C Two Perth Amboy, N. J., concerns are C The Douglas High School of Huntington, seeking 100 colored laborers at $3 a day. W. Va., gave an annual concert at the Car­ It is said that every one of the 9,000 colored negie Auditorium before a crowded house. men brought to Pittsburgh from the South "The whole program was well arranged, in the last six months has found remuner­ well balanced and delightfully rendered." ative work. Miss Ethel B. Spriggs was in charge. C Julius Rosenwald, the Chicago philanthro­ C Mr. L. B. Deppe, the baritone singer, has pist, has guaranteed the bonded debt of the been accompanying the film play "The Mound Bayou Oil Mill Corporation, Miss. Crisis" at the Pitt Theatre, Pittsburgh, and The plant, which is owned by colored men, in other places. will be operated this season. C The Roger Williams University singers, C The Negro Business League of Kansas, of Nashville, have been meeting with much City, Mo., under the presidency of Fortune success before both white and colored audi­ J. Weaver, has started an automobile train­ ences throughout the lower South. ing school for colored men. More than C At the Modern Gallery, 500 Fifth Ave­ fifty students have already enrolled. nue, New York, Mr. Sheeler, a photog­ C James M. Holly, of Oakland, Cal., and rapher, has been exhibiting photographs of his brother, Charles, are employed by the West African art. The photographs are Union Iron Works Company. He started striking. as foreman of seven colored workmen among INDUSTRY. 1,500 whites and Asiatics. He has now 137 IT is widely reported that tens of thou­ colored men engaged in shipbuilding. He sands of Negro laborers are leaving the wants one or two hundred more young men South for the North this spring. Over 400 to take a three months' course in riveting. arrived in Newark, N. J., within less than Good riveters get from $6 to $10 a day. The a week. Sixty-seven left Greenville, S. C, white union is fighting Mr. Holly and his in one day. More than 2,500 Negroes from men and will not admit them to member­ the Mississippi Valley arrived in Chicago ship. during three days. They come chiefly to C A National Farm Loan Association work in the stock yards, where 10,000 work­ among Negroes of Davidson County, Tenn., men are said to be wanted. has been started, with J. B. Mullins presi­ C Widespread effort is being made among dent. They expect a membership of twenty colored people in the North to help the im­ or more thrifty farmers. migrants. The Monitor, a colored paper of C The Negroes of Evansville, Ind., own Omaha, Neb., has an employment bureau $500,000 worth of real property. Most of it and advertises in southern papers. has been accumulated in the last fifteen C. Colored pastors in the South are finding years. their churches seriously depleted while the C Colored undertakers and citizens of colored churches of the North are growing Washington, D. C, have organized and in­ correspondingly. corporated the People's Funeral Service C Shortage of labor is being felt in various Corporation. parts of the South, especially in Montgom­ C Walter M. True, of Hazelwood, Ohio, ery, Ala., and in West Tennessee. makes a specialty of manufacturing bird 36 THE CRISIS houses and shelters for all sorts of ani­ Colored Women's Hospital Club furnished mals. these rooms. G The miners' union admits Negro mem­ C A tuberculosis camp for Negroes will be bers; consequently when a large number of established in Richland County, S. C. colored miners were brought from Alabama G The Colored Civic Association of Waco, to Leechburg, Pa., as strikebreakers they Tex., is distributing garden flower seeds and refused to work when learning that a strike maintaining a demonstration garden at the was in progress. colored high school. G The Utah Construction Company, which G Efforts to better the housing of Negroes is double tracking portions of the Union are being made in Philadelphia, Harris- Pacific Railroad, is importing 3,000 south­ burg, Pa.; Detroit, Mich., and Trenton, ern Negro laborers into Wyoming. N. J. C In the Canal Zone 100 of the 800 Negroes G A playground for colored children with employed at the Cristobal dry dock have a swimming pool will be opened at the Lin­ struck for higher wages. coln School, Joplin, Mo. G The formal opening of the Booker T. SOCIAL PROGRESS. Washington social center has taken place NEW Civil Rights bill to protect col­ in Peoria, Ill. A ored people against discrimination G The first community conference of the has been passed by the New Jersey Legis­ Women's Co-operative League, Baltimore, lature. It was found, however, that after Md., took place recently. Special criticism the bill was passed that all damages re­ was made of the segregation ordinance, the covered must go to the overseer of the poor unsatisfactory public school buildings and and not to the plaintiff. the lack of provision for the care and train­ C The proposed Jim Crow car law in Mis­ ing of delinquent and feeble-minded col­ souri is said to have been killed. ored children. The conference expressed G At Marlin, Tex., six colored business men appreciation for the new modern school were recently burned out by a fire. The building in East Baltimore and the propo­ loss was $20,000. sals for sanitary housing. It suggested the G The Dickson Colored Orphanage at Gil­ establishment of a music school settlement. mer, Tex., spent $16,404 last year. Fifty- C There are sixty colored churches in Chi­ one children were placed in homes, leaving cago with 31,870 members. The largest, Oli­ 149 in the institution. vet Baptist Church, has 3,500 members, fol­ G The colored Elks have a membership of lowed by Bethel A. M. E., Church, with 20,000 in 200 lodges, with $250,000 in prop­ 3,000 members. erty. They have spent $15,000 in the last C There are 348 colored employees in the few years to protect themselves against liti­ United States, state and city civil service of gation by the white order. Chicago. C Charles Edward Russell, the well known G Knoxville is to have a $10,000 colored writer, spoke at Broad Street Theatre, library as a gift from Andrew Carnegie. Philadelphia, on race prejudices. He espe­ G Thirty-three colored women organized cially praised France because "the narrow, and incorporated at Little Rock, Ark., in blind hatred of race is unknown there." October, 1915, have been supporting a col­ C Mr. D. A. Lee, of Boynton, Okla., is ored probation officer, Mrs. M. M. Jefferies. building a large and well equipped open air The Phelps-Stokes Fund pays $200 toward theatre for the colored people. her salary. G National Negro Health Week was ob­ C The colored people of Tacoma are join­ served in many communities throughout the ing with other people to raise money for a United States April 22d to 28th. Lincoln statue in the Lincoln High School. O The Southern California Negro Baptists Sixty dollars was raised at one concert. have opened an old folks home at Abila Sta­ G Pastors of twenty-four colored churches tion. in New York joined in an appeal for the C A new hospital has been opened at Win­ "Big Brother" movement. A public meeting chester, Ky. The Negro department is on was also held in St. James Church. the first floor and consists of a men's ward, C April 15th was observed as Memorial a women's ward and one private room. The Day by Baptists throughout the country for THE HORIZON 37 the purpose of making a nationwide dona­ is assured. The authorities at General tion to the memory of the late Joanna P. Wood's headquarters are considering place, Moore. date, and other details. It is likely that G. By the law passed at the last Congress the camp will be held from June 5th to Porto Ricans are now citizens of the United July 2nd, at some fort or army post along States. the eastern seaboard between New York 0 The Odd Fellows Temple of Wilmington, and Washington. Any man betwoen nine­ Del., has been remodeled and newly teen and forty-five who has had a high- equipped. school, normal school or college education is C The Texas Legislature has appropriated eligible for admission. The cost will be $200,000 for a Negro insane asylum at entirely defrayed by the government, but Rusk. men must pay their fare to the camp and C Mr. J. D. Schmidlapp, of Cincinnati, is leave a deposit for the use of their uni­ head of a modern homes company, with a form. Both fare and deposit will be re­ capital of $500,000. He has 220 Negro turned at the end of the camp, and trans­ families in his homes and says that the in­ portation home furnished free. All ap­ vestment is a safe one. Mr. Schmidlapp has plications should be sent to Dr. Spingarn recently been in Baltimore advising con­ at 9 West 73rd Street, New York. cerning a similar movement there. C A meeting to pledge loyalty and support of the President in the war has been held in Chicago. WAR. CONSIDERABLE currency has been (I Southern members of Congress are try­ given to alleged plots among South­ ing to have the Negro excluded from the ern colored people by German propagand­ Universal Service Bill. The bill was intro­ ists. The rumors were promptly pronounced duced by Kahn of California and provides false by Negro leaders in position to know. that Negroes shall be called to arms in the C The Military Training Camp, inaugur­ same manner as white citizens but trained ated by Dr. J. E. Spingarn of New York, is in separate units. now assured of success. General Wood's C Robert R. Moton, principal of Tuskegee demand that at least two hundred and fifty Institute, has written President Wilson, enroll before he organized the camp has saying: "Notwithstanding the difficulties been more than met. On April 5th, two which my race faces in many parts of this hundred and eighty-one applications had country, some of which I called to your at­ been received. Of these eighty-one are un- tention in my previous letter, I am writing der-graduates of Howard University, forty- to assure you that you and the nation can six 6f Hampton, three of Fisk. Every count absolutely on the loyalty of the mass business and profession is represented, in­ of the Negroes to our country and its peo­ cluding law, medicine, the ministry, den­ ple, North and South; and as in previous tistry, high-school and college teaching (in­ wars, you will find the Negro people rally­ cluding one president!), government ser­ ing almost to a man to our flag." vice, banking, journalism, etc. It is a fine C Negroes of Virginia, the District of Co­ body of men, as fine as any body in the lumbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jer­ country regardless of race, creed or color. sey and North Carolina are said to have Nearly all have had college training, and organized a colored citizens patriotic league many have military experience of some sort. to arouse the colored citizens to national de­ fense. At least ten pastors of prosperous churches are among those anxious to serve their C At a mass meeting held at Asheville, country. A number of physicians have en­ N. C, colored people subscribed funds suf­ rolled in order to get the necessary mili­ ficient to support fifty Belgium babies for tary preparation to serve as surgeons in three months. the army. C The colored women of Nashville, Tenn., As we go to press the exact details of the have offered their services to the governor camp have not yet been settled. The sud­ to aid in knitting and sewing for wounded den exigencies of war may change all the soldiers. plans for military training camps this C The United States War Department has summer, but unless this happens, the camp formally accepted the Fifteenth Infantry, 38 THE CRISIS

New York National Guard, a Negro regi­ The 300 schools which are -to be studied ment, as an integral part of the state are divided into three districts of about 100 troops to be sworn into federal service. schools each and a year is to be devoted to C The first Pennsylvania colored regiment the study of each district. It is proposed at Pittsburgh has offered its services to the that after this survey of education the com­ United States. On account of legal tech­ mission turn its attention to other fields nicalities the regiment has not yet been of investigation concerning the American made a part of the National Guard. Negro, with the idea of establishing, in con­ C The Rev. W. A. White, a colored man nection with the National Training School of Truro, Nova Scotia, has been commis­ and in co-operation with other institutions sioned chaplain of the second construction and organizations, a systematic series of battalion with the rank of captain. An­ surveys into the social condition of the other colored man, C. C. Ligoure, is medi­ American Negro. cal officer. (I Far from abolishing the Western Uni­ (I The First Separate Battalion, District versity at Quindaro, Kans., the recent of Columbia National Guard, composed of Legislature appropriated $73,850 for its colored men, has been mobilized to protect work. the national capitol. (I Some comment has been made on the d Francis Cain, an American Negro, has work of churches of German origin among been recently decorated for bravery by the American Negroes. The excellent work of French. He has been wounded five times the Lutherans antedates the present war and has three colonial medals for distin­ by many years and deserves all praise. guished conduct. The Synodical Conference, the largest EDUCATION. Lutheran body, spends $60,000 a year for INTERCOLLEGIATE debates have been Negro education. It has two secondary held between various Southern institu­ schools, Luther College at New Orleans, tions on the question of government owner­ with thirty-five students, and Emanuel Col­ ship of railroads. Virginia Union Univer­ lege, at Greensboro, N. C, with sixty-five sity won over Wilberforce University and students. Besides these, thirty-one day Lincoln over Virginia Union. schools take care of 2,500 students. The (I At a meeting held in New York a com­ superintendent of the work is a colored mittee was organized to be known as "The man, the Rev. Dr. Christopher F. Drewes, Durham Commission to Study the American of St. Louis. Negro." This commission grew out of the educational conference called by Dr. J. E. O The Freedmen's Aid Society of the Shepard at the National Training School, Methodist Church, which will soon celebrate Durham, N. C, last fall. The commission its fiftieth anniversary, maintains twenty- at present consists of Dr. W. E. B. DuBois, one schools, with 370 teachers and 5,279 chairman; Dr. Shepard, Mr. William C. students. In the last fifty years it has Pearson of the Durham Public School, Pres­ trained over 200,000 students. ident W. J. Hale of the Tennessee Normal C We learn with some surprise but great School, President W. A. Scarborough of pleasure that the Sophoclean Dramatic Wilberforce University, Mr. J. A. Cotton Club, a student organization of Hampton of Henderson (N. C. ) Institute, President Institute, has given a Greek play, "Oedipus Rendall of Lincoln University and Dr. J. at Colonus," for the benefit of the work of a W. E. Bowen of Gammon Seminary. Hampton graduate in South Africa. Last The commission decided to undertake a year the same organization gave "Antig­ survey of secondary schools for the educa­ one." tion of the Negroes in the United States, C Dr. W. N. Atkins, medical director of with the idea of ascertaining the number schools of Atlanta, Ga., after examining and distribution of these schools, their equip­ 14,561 white pupils and 4,453 colored pupils ment and efficiency, their attendance and found 74.6 per cent of the whites physically teaching force, their income and expendi­ defective and only 36.6 per cent of the ture, and the extent to which they are fill­ Negroes defective. The Board of Educa­ ing the demand for secondary education tion received this information "with great among colored people. surprise." THE HORIZON 39

MISS WHITBY. MISS POWELL. MISS SPARKS. MISS MASON. MISS TRULEAR. Recent Graduates of Philadelphia High and Normal Schools.

C Atlanta University has raised $56,000 400 and has laboratories, domestic science toward the half million dollar endowment department, industrial shops and gymna­ fund for which it is working. sium beside the regular class rooms. C The General Education Board and the C Mrs. Margaret M. Barber has given the Carnegie Foundation have contributed Barber Memorial Seminary at Anniston, $100,000 toward a total sum of $150,000 Ala., $50,000 in securities. to be used for the physical rehabilitation of G During the past year Alabama Negroes the plant of Fisk University. It is hoping in twenty-three counties have contributed to raise the remainder in 30 days. $47,451 for the improvement of their C The colored people of Nashville, Tenn., schools. The white people have added put 59 of their own automobiles at the dis­ $1,368. Of the money raised $21,121 was posal of the state legislature for a visit put in new buildings. In addition to this to the A. & I. State Normal School for the Negro patrons contributed hauling and Negroes. labor. To increase salaries, $19,726 was C The city of Petersburg, Va., has appro­ raised. Home makers clubs have a total priated $100,000 for three new school houses membership of 9,728 and canned 247,040 for colored children. The money was pro­ quarts of fruits and vegetables. vided for in a bond issue two years ago C In Virginia the colored people raised but held up on account of the usual strife $8,109 to extend the school term and $25,- among the white people as to the location 579 for new buildings, repairs and material. of the schools. Home makers clubs put up 86,000 quarts C. Dr. S. M. Newman, president of Howard of vegetables and fruits. University, has handed in his resignation C A colored public school at Waco, Tex., to take effect at the close of the school year has been destroyed by fire. June, 1918. Advancing years and failing C The origin of the Washington Education health are given as the reasons. Dr. New­ Fund which has been mentioned in The man has been president of Howard five Crisis is thus explained by the chairman years and the trustees now have a year to of the board of trustees in a letter to Mr. look for his successor. J. D. Alston: "Dr. Silas Hamilton, while C The colored people of North Carolina riding through the mountains of Virginia have raised over $3,000 during the last a few years after 1800, en route from his year to supplement the rural school funds. boyhood home to his plantation in Natchez C A new $22,000 colored school building County, Mississippi, met a slave trader has been finished and accepted at Sapulpa, riding and leading by a string around his Okla. wrist and over the pommel of his saddle a C At Louisville, Ky., the new Central young colored boy. George was then a Colored High School has been dedicated. It boy perhaps 8 or 9 years old. He could was formerly the white boys high school keep up with the horse well enough when it but has been remodeled at a cost of $75,- was walking, but when it trotted or gal­ i100. It will have an attendance of over loped, it practically dragged George along 40 THE CRISIS in the dust and dirt. Dr. Hamilton was Probate Court of Jersey County, at about a man of infinitely kind heart, and taking $15,000.00. The trustee of the will, how­ pity on the slave, bought him for $100.00. ever, was careless, and appropriated the When they made out the bill of sale, Dr. property to his own use. My father Hamilton asked what the name of the boy taught school in Jersey County, and was was, and the slave trader, not knowing, principal of the public school at Otterville, turned and asked him his name, and he and studied law at night, and was admitted stuttered out a word they took for George. to the bar; and he learned of this George The boy's eyes were sore, and the hard Washington and the money he had left, traveling had made him stiff and sore. Dr. and of the misappropriation of it. His Hamilton took him on his horse and be­ first suit at law was to recover this money, fore they reached the Doctor's plantation, and devote it to the purpose for which it the eyes were cured and the boy was him­ was intended. After several years of liti­ self again, as a result of the Doctor's at­ gation, the fund was secured and after a tention to him. Later the boy told the monument costing $1,500.00 was erected in Doctor that his name was George Wash- Otterville near the old free public school, ingon. The Doctor asked him why he to George Washington's dead master, Dr. selected that name, and he replied that he Silas Hamilton, there remained about selected it because George Washington $7,300.00 in the trust fund. That was ap­ was a good man. proximately 30 years ago. When my father died two years ago this fund had not only "Dr. Silas Hamilton decided to come helped in the education of approximately north, about ten years later. When he 100 colored boys and girls, but had in­ reached the first free soil, probably at creased in value to about $23,000.00. My Indiana, he gave all his slaves, 21 in num­ father left a request that $3,000.00 of his ber, their freedom, and went their bond. own estate should be paid to the George George Washington, however, then a young Washington Education Fund. The free man, pleaded with his master that he might public school above referred to is the first keep him and let him serve him as long as free school in Illinois admitting children he lived. Dr. Hamilton consented and regardless of color or previous condition of brought George with him to Otterville, servitude, and was built by funds donated Jersey County, Illinois, which was then the by Dr. Silas Hamilton. largest town in Jersey County. Here George worked for his master without com­ "At present we are not sending any chil­ pensation, until Dr. Hamilton died, leav­ dren to school because the George Wash­ ing George in his will $3,000.00. George ington Education Fund owns land in the Washington died when he was about 41 Nutwood Drainage District, and the drain­ years old, and between the death of his age assessment each year reduces the net master and his own death, he devoted him­ income below $1,000.00. By decree of the self to the care of his property. He Court the fund must show an income of not worked about upon different farms, and less than $1,050.00 a year before the educa­ finally bought a farm of his own. He was tion of young men and women is permitted. a deacon in the Methodist Church at Otter­ This condition of affairs has been true for ville, and was the only colored man that about three years, although we maintained was ever a member or a deacon of that the boys and girls in school that we had church. He was highly respected by the previously made provision for." white people and the few blacks that lived O William Mason, a colored freshman in in his community. His word was said to the arts college Ohio State University, has be as good as his bond. Many quaint won first prize in an oratorical contest. He stories are told of the predicaments and will now meet the champion orators from embarassing circumstances that he got into, three other universities. but his common sense and loyalty always C Miss Roberta B. James, daughter of Mr. bore him out well. and Mrs. R. D. James of Cleveland, O., was one of the six honor graduates of the Cen­ "When George Washington died, he left tral High School. She is seventeen years a non-cupative will, and his estate was of age and one of the youngest members of valued, according to the records of the the class of 79. She was the faculty's THE HORIZON 41

CHURCHES. PAUL OBODOECIE EMECETE, a na­ tive of British Nigeria, has been ad­ mitted to the catholic priesthood at Lagos, West Africa. C The Rev. C. M. C. Mason, for thirty-five years rector of All Saints Episcopal Church, St. Louis, and the oldest priest in the diocese, is dead of pneumonia. Bishop Donald S. Tuttle presiding bishop of the Episcopal church together with his Co­ adjutor, Dean and twenty-four local rec­ tors officiated at his funeral. (I Dr. C. A. Finley of East Cavalry Bap­ tist Church, Philadelphia, has been tendered a reception on the fifteenth anniversary of his pastorate. He was given a purse of $225. HISS R. B. JAMES. C The colored catholics have had a celebra­ tion in New Orleans and were addressed choice for commencement speaker together by Cardinal Gibbons. six class mates. (I Colored Baptists of Texas will raise $86,- C The Home Mission Society of the 000 this year for educational purposes. Northern Methodist Church has offered C A conference of the Colored M. E. $275,000 for a school in New Orleans for Church attended by eight bishops and ten Negroes to be controlled by the southern general officers was held at Houston, Texas. white Methodists. (I The thirty-fifth anniversary of the pas­ MEETINGS. torate of the Rev. J. M. Armistead of THE Georgia State Convention of Negro Zion Baptist Church, Portsmouth, Va., has doctors will be held this month in been celebrated by a series of meetings. Savannah. C St. James Presbyterian Church of New C. The 36th annual session of the Southern York City has become self-supporting and Illinois Teachers' Association convened in raised $1,500 at a recent rally. The Rev. Cairo. Over a thousand teachers were pres­ F. M. Hyder is the pastor. ent. G Charles Street A. M. E. Church, Boston, has celebrated its fortieth anniversary. C Among the speakers of the colored Ala­ bama Teachers Association were Julius POLITICS. Rosenwald, William G. Wilcox, James H. FOUR bills against the interests of Dillard, Mrs. Booker T. Washington and colored Americans have already been Dr. George Haynes. introduced into the 65th congress: two by (I The colored teachers of Oklahoma held Representative Vinson to prohibit inter­ their tenth annual session at Boley. They marriage of races and to provide Jim- passed resolutions condemning the present Crow street cars; one by Mr. Austin to school law. provide a permanent colored military C The Alabama Sociological Congress, a school; a fourth by Mr. Vinson to segre­ white organization with colored members, gate colored clerks. met in Birmingham. G Two other bills have been introduced by 0 The sixth Worth County, Ga., Negro Mr. Austin both of which are of possible fair has been held. benefit: One to construct a national home (I The Iowa federation of colored women's for aged and infirm colored people and the clubs holds its second annual session in other to incorporate a Colored Association Ottumwa this month. of Railway Employees. C The 6th annual meeting of the Middle C It is said that migration will give 30,000 Tennessee Colored Teachers' Association new colored voters to the state of Ohio this was held in Nashville in April. year. 42 THE CRISIS

(I It is reported that under the new civil G Musical America says of R. Nathaniel service order Negro post masters will be Dett's "Music in the Mine," described as eligible to examination and appointment. "an unaccompanied folk-song scene":— C Dr. Sumner Furnis, a leading colored "The whole thing is original, splendidly physician of Indianapolis, has been nomin­ conceived, and it should make a very attrac­ ated for the common council. tive number for efficient choral organiza­ d Mayor Curley of Boston has appointed tions." The piece is dedicated to the Aus­ Lucius S. Hicks, a colored lawyer, as assist­ tralian pianist-composer, Percy Grainger, ant registrar of voters. His salary will be who is an admirer of Afro-American folk­ $1,400 a year. song. (I The colored people of Haddonfield, N. J., have nominated Mrs. Edward Washington, G The Boston Transcript of a recent date a former colored teacher, for the school devotes two columns to the "Rise and Prog­ board. ress of Harry T. Burleigh," the distin­ guished Afro-American baritone-composer. PERSONAL. Of Mr. Burleigh's new song, "In the MR. W. S. Braithwaite spoke at the 20th Century Club, Boston, recently on new Wood of Finvara," Musical America of tendencies in poetry. March 17th says: "Mr. Burleigh writes to­ (I The Hon. Charles W. Anderson of New day with a greater freedom, a tenser emo­ York City recently had the misfortune to tionalism, a broader suggestion and withal break his arm. a subtler touch than in his songs of last C Alfred Cottman for twenty years a year. * * * 'In the Wood of Finvara' is policeman in Philadelphia is dead. a masterpiece. We are certain of that; and (I Mary M. Wilson, a fifteen-year old we know that it is not the exception with colored maid employed in St. Louis, saved its composer. This song seems to be made her white mistress from death at the hands up of a series of inspired moments, which, of a drunken Irishman armed with a taken collectively, constitute a very impor­ pistol. tant contribution to the literature of the G. Mordecai Brown saved a white woman contemporary art-song." from drowning at the Pass-a-Grille hotel, C Inquiry is made for Jesse Mansfield Mc- Florida. Kinney who left his home, Lewisville, Ark.,

Nebraska and member of the state legis­ THE Crisis is reminded that Robert W. lature from 1893 to 1895, died January 15th. Marshall, a colored student of the Uni­ G William E. Bayless, former city editor of versity of Minnesota was named as the All- the Pittsburgh Courier, has been made busi­ America left-end in football by Walter ness manager to succeed the late William Camp in 1905 and 1906. M. Page. G The athletic carnival of the Smart G Mr. C. W. Cansler of the colored high Set Athletic Club of Brooklyn, N. Y., was school appeared before the Knoxville, Ten­ given recently with Howard P. Drew as the nessee, Philosophical Society to give a star. The J. B. Taylor memorial cup was mathematical demonstration. among the trophies. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 43

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Mention The Crisis 44 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

THE GHETTO. GOVERNOR FERGUSON of Texas, who Mrs. M. Watson Rudd is threatened with impeachment, be­ of the gan his defense by calling his accuser, Sena­ tor W. A. Johnson, a "nigger." Ideal Exclusive Parlors C W. Ashbie Hawkins of the Baltimore announces a Special Course in the branch of the N. A. A. C. P. has filed a Art of Beauty Culture brief of the segregation cases before the during the summer months. Supreme Court of the United States. This course is planned with special reference to teachers and students contemplating a sum­ C At Eufaula, Okla., George Martin, a mer in New York City. As the size of Jhe white man, while drunk insulted a colored class is limited prospective students should apply early. woman and struck one of her children. She Address Mrs. M. Watson Rudd, 47 West 42d called her husband, Neal Carson, who Street, New York City. killed Martin. A mob is hunting for Carson. Q Edward Jackson of Danville, Va., who snatched a purse containing one dollar has Red Rose Face Powder been sentenced to ten years in the peniten­ Made in all shades to suit your com­ tiary. plexion; heals and beautifies. Price (I The mayor of Lakeland, Fla., has sus­ 50c. Sample size 20c. pended the chief of police for beating a young colored man in order to make him plead guilty to a charge of gambling. Red Rose Cold Cream C A fifth reprieve has been given Joe For dry faces. Price 50c and 25c. Campbell the colored convict of Illinois charged with murder. d Edmund J. Murch a retired capitalist of Red Rose Vanishing Cream Bangor, Maine, who used to spend his win­ For oily faces. Price 50c and 25c. ters in Florida has been killed by George Thompson of Jacksonville, a Negro restaur­ ant proprietor. Thompson found Murch Red Rose Beauty Cream in Thompson's home with Mrs. Thompson. For use at night; a real skin food The following lynchings have taken place that cleanses, softens and preserves. since our last record: Price 75c and 50c. March 12, Maysville, Ky. — William Sanders for alleged theft of an overcoat All made of the best materials. and defending himself against the posse. March 19, Dyersburg, Tenn.—William FLORESSENCE MFG. CO., Thomas, hanged by a mob for shooting an 239 West 63d St., New York City officer. He had escaped from jail and had been already shot by a deputy sheriff. J. R. WIGGINS, Manager. March 28, Pelham, Ga.—Joe Nowling, killed by a mob. No reason known.

FOREIGN. THE leader of the revolt against the KASHMIR INSTITUTE Trains men and women in modern, scien­ Turks in the city of Mecca is El Husein tific methods of hair and skin culture. Ibn Ali, an Arab of Negro descent. KASHMIR graduates earn $20.00 to 540.00 (I The British transport, Mendi, was re­ per week. Great demand for them. LEARN "THE KASHMIR WAY" cently sunk off the Isle of Wight and 615 Write for catalog. native South African laborers drowned. Kashmir Institute—Dept. K. C Raiswaldi Georgis a cousin of the late 4709 State St. Chicago, 111. Menelik of Abyssinia has been crowned king of Wallou, Goudar and Bekember WANTED which are subsidiary states in the Abyssin­ Agents for THE CRISIS, Dignified work ian empire. 70 Fifth Avenue, New York

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Mention The Crisis 46 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

BOOKS BY PROMINENT NEGROES Issued by The Neale Publishing Company, New York, N. Y.

The American Cavalryman. By Henry F. Downing Negro Culture in West Africa By George W. Ellis Mr. Downing perhaps has had a more varied career than any other living Negro from the Civil War to Mr. Ellis was for eight years Secretary of the the war between the United States and Germany. United States Legation in Liberia. _ Since his He was the first colored man to represent the United return to America, he has written extensively on the States at a city of a white government, by appoint­ Negro and his problems, and has taken a prominent ment of President Cleveland. He introduced Cole­ place among the leaders of his race. In many re­ ridge-Taylor to the London Public. He persuaded spects this latest book of his is the most important Liberia to open its doors to foreign capital. Merely work on the Negro yet published,—the Negro in to recount his activities in public life of the^ past Africa. Illustrated. $2.15 by mail. fifty years would take a volume. But his highest renown has been won as a man of letters, and this is a romance of Liberia—a romance of a very high Racial Adjustments in the Methodist Episcopal order, written by the only man who could have writ­ Church By John H. Reed ten it. $1.50 by mail. The Rev. Dr. Reed, D.D., K.C., writes authori­ tatively on the subject matter of his book. In­ Haiti: Her History and Her Detractors troduction by Adna B. Leonard, D.D., LL.D. $1.60 By J. N. Leger by mail. M. Leger, formerly represented Haiti as Minister to the United States, and later represented Haiti

as a member of the Peace Conference, att The The Black Man's Burden Hague. In Europe as well as in America he is re­ By William H. Holtzclaw garded as one of the ablest men of his race. Two editions: one in English and one in French. Illus­ Prof. Holtzclaw is the founder and the principal of trated. Each edition $8.20 by mail. the Utica Normal and Industrial Institute for the Training of Colored Young Men and Young Women, The Facts of Reconstruction By John R. Lynch already one of the largest educational institutions in Major Lynch, an officer of the United States Army, the South. Introduction by the late Booker T. lived through Reconstruction, and took a lively Washington. Third thousand. $1.00 by mail. part therein. He served as a Member of Congress, later became Fourth Auditor of the Treasury, and by far the greater part of his adult life has been Negro Tales By Joseph S. Cotter passed in public service. The late Sen. Hoar in his "Autobiography" referred to Major Lynch in high Prof. Cotter is the principal of one of the largest schools for Negroes in the South. Like Prof. terms. Illustrated. Fourth thousand. $1.65 by mail.+ Ashby and Mr. Adams, Prof. Cotter reveals Negro life in imaginative prose fiction,—a branch of litera­ Redder Blood By William M. Ashby ture to which Negro authors should give greater at­ Prof. Ashby was recently graduated from Yale. This tention. $1.00 by mail. novel, his first book, is a valuable contribution to the literature of his race. $1.00 by mail. The Voice of Mizriam By John Walter Paisley Ethiopia By Clayton Adams Prof. Paisley, for many years a professor of Mr. Adams writes of the Land of Promise in this English Literature, has assembled in this volume powerful novel,—the adjective is used deliberately. his own poems. The book deserves a place on the The ancient Kingdom of Ethiopia has passed away, library shelf where Dunbar's fine poems are to be but its name still lives, not only as the proper found. $1.25 by mail. appellation of the Negro race, but also figuratively, principally to designate the invisible kingdom of na­ The New Negro By William Pickens tive Africans and their descendants. $1.00 by mail. Dean Pickens, Dean of Morgan College, was grad­ Race Adjustment By Kelly Miller uated from Yale in the highest grade of his class. Prof. Miller, Dean of the College of Arts and There he won the Phi Beta Kappa Key and the Sciences, Howard University, is easily in the Ten Eyck Oration. In this book, the full title of first rank of Negro teachers, writers, orators, and which is "The New Negro; His Political, Civil, and leaders, and is so recognized on both sides of the Mental Status," he discusses with great force and Atlantic. This volume comprises his essays on the clarity nearly all the pressing political problems that Negro in America that won for him fame as a man now confront his race. $1.60 by mail. of letters when they were first published periodically. Third edition. $2.16 by mail. The Key By James S. Stemons Mr. Stemons is the Field Secretary of the Joint Out of the House of Bondage By Kelly Miller Organization for Equalizing Industrial Opportuni­ This volume by Dean Miller contains the essays that ties and the League of Civic and Political Re­ he had written up to the time of its publication that form. He holds this work to be what its full title were not included in his earlier volume, "Race Ad­ implies: "The Key; or, a Tangible Solution of the justment," and have been written since the earlier Negro Problem." Undoubtedly the work is a power­ volume was published. Already the sale of this new ful study of the Negro and his problems. $1.00 by volume has been large. $1.65 by mail. mail.

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Atlanta University Studies of the The Journal of Negro Problems Negro History Published Quarterly 19 Monograph. Sold Separately |100 Pages] Address ATLANTA UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE Edited by CARTER G. WOODSON"- ATLANTA UNIVERSITY ATLANTA. GA. THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY is the official organ of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, which is The Curse of Race Prejudice now trying not to promote an isolated re­ search into the history of the black race but By James F. Morton, Jr., A. M. to show how civilization has been influenced by contact with the people of color. This _ An aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon cham­ publication aims to popularize the movement pion of equal rights. Startling facts and crushing to save and make available the scattered his­ arguments. Fascinating reading. A necessity for torical materials bearing on the Negro. In clear understanding and up-to-date propaganda. Be­ it appear scholarly articles and valuable docu­ longs in the library of every friend of social justice. ments giving information generally unknown. Price 25 cents. Send order to It is concerned with facts, not with opinions. Subscription price, $1.00 per year. Foreign JAMES F. MORTON, JR. subscriptions, 25 cents extra. Single num­ 211 West 138th Street •:• New York* N. Y. bers, 25 cents; 30 cents by mail. Checks should be made payable to THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY and addressed to $25.00 PER WEEK may be nude in commissions by parties" handling CARTER G. WOODSON "History of Negro Soldiers in Spanish-American War combined with "History of the Negro Race." 1216 You St., N. W. Washington, D. C. 400 pages, 50 illustrations. Price $1.25 net. Address! E. A. JOHNSON 154 Nassau Street NEW YORK

A live, agency furnishes the University Literary Bureau TEACHERS connecting medium in a busi­ ness way between teachers and schools and relieves Manuscript Criticized teachers of the embarrassment of job hunting. and Revised We have had calls for teachers from Alabama, Poems, Short Stories, Novels, Scenarios, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Mary­ Magazine and Press Articles, Sermons and land, Mississippi. Missouri, New York, North Caro­ Addresses. lina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and West Advice on Publication Virginia. Correspondence Solicited THE MUTUAL TEACHERS' AGENCY Strictly Confidential 1403 New York Avenue Washington, D. C. Montgomery Gregory Alain Leroy Lock ADDRESS: Box 102, Howard University, eachers (all subjects) Washington, D. C. T .Ei «r» Ml mj MX ij and interpreters STANDARD TEACHERS' AGENCY Correct Calling Cards Established 1897 POPULAR STYLES FOR LADIES OR GENTLEMEN. 1011 New York Avenue Washington, D.C. IOO FOR SO CENTS OR 5O FOR 30 CENTS. NO EXTRA CHARGE FOR ADDRESS. ALL ORDERS FILLED PROMPTLY. ATTRACTIVE PROPOSITION FOR AGENTS. WRITE FOR SAMPLES AND TERMS Wanted—Traveling Salesmen THE HOUSE OF CHOWNING INDIANAPOLIS. INDIANA Although a Negro author, the novels of Oscar Micheaux have their largest circulation over the northwest—Minn., Iowa, North and South Dakota and Nebraska. We can use several practical young men of the highest intelligence The Colored Teachers'Bureau in this work. Each man is sent out under Will Help You Get A Better Paying Position. the tutelage of an experienced salesman for REGISTER NOW REASONABLE TERMS a week before being sent out by himself. Salary and commission with expenses guar­ anteed. Address Western Book Supply Com­ Address: Colored Teachers' Bureau pany, Publishers, Sioux City, Iowa. Box 22, Wilberforce, 0.

Mention The Crisis 48 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

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Dr. Du Bois's new book is the latest addition to a remarkable series of low-priced new books with which everybody should be­ come acquainted. THE HOME UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 94 volumes now ready Published by HENRY HOLT & COMPANY, 34 West 33d Street, New York Is made up of new books by leading authorities. The editors are Professors GILBERT MURRAY, H. A. L. FISHER, W. T. BREWSTER and J. ARTHUR THOMSON. Cloth bound, good paper, clear type, 256 pages per 60c. net volume. Each complete and sold separately - - Postage extra "A growing wonder of enterprise and sound judgment. Each volume, entirely new, is furnished by an acknowledged expert; is brief enough and plain enough to be readable or even fascinating, scientific enough to be a condensed authority —and at the nominal price of 6o cents."—Hartford Courant. SOME SELECTED EARLIER VOLUMES: EVOLUTION By J. A. Thomson LATIN AMERICA By W. R. Shepherd THE FRENCH REVOLUTION VICTORIAN LITERATURE By Hilaire Belloc By G. K. Chesterton ROME By W. Warde Fowler GERMANY OF TODAY PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY By Charles Tower By Bertrand Russell EURIPIDES AND HIS AGE NAPOLEON By H. A. L. Fisher By Gilbert Murray THE CIVIL WAR By F. L. Paxson UNEMPLOYMENT By A. C. Pigou Order through the publishers or through The CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York

Mention The Crisis the CRISIS Book mart You can order through the CRISIS any book printed at the regular publisher's price. "The true University of these days is a collection of books."—Carlyle. A Selected list of Books

These prices do not include postage. Postage extra.

NATIVE LIFE IN SOUTH AFRICA. (Sol. J. Plaatje) $1.50 HAZEL. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00 THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN EX-COLORED MAN. (Anonymous). 1.20 NORRIS WRIGHT CUNEY. (Maud Cuney Hare) 1.50 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF BOOKER T. WASHINGTON. (B. F. Riley). 1.50 A NARRATIVE OF THE NEGRO. (Leila Amos Pendleton) 1.50 SOULS OF BLACK FOLK. (W. E. B. DU Bois) 1.25 THE WHITE MAN'S BURDEN. (T. Shirby Hodge) 1.00 RACE ADJUSTMENT. (Kelly Miller) 2.00 HISTORY OF THE NEGRO. (B. G. Brawley) 1.25 HALF A MAN. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00 AFTERMATH OF SLAVERY. (William Sinclair) 1.50 MY LIFE AND WORK. (Bishop Alexander Walters) 1.50 JOHN BROWN. (W. E. B. DU Bois) 1.25 NEGRO IN AMERICAN HISTORY. (J. W. Cromwell) 1.25 PRINCE HALL AND His FOLLOWERS. (George W. Crawford)... 1.00 THE HAITIAN REVOLUTION. (T. G. Steward) 1.25 NEGRO CULTURE IN WEST AFRICA. (George W. Ellis) 2.00 THE NEGRO. (W. E. B. DU Bois) 60 THE EDUCATION OF THE NEGRO PRIOR TO 1861. (Carter G. Woodson) 2.00 FACTS OF RECONSTRUCTION. (John R. Lynch) 1.50 LIFE AND LETTERS OF COLERIDGE-TAYLOR. (W. C. Berwick- Sayers) 2.25 POEMS OF PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR 2.00 MASTERPIECES OF NEGRO ELOQUENCE. (Alice Moore Dunbar, Editor) 2.50 AFRO-AMERICAN FOLKSONGS. (H. E. Krehbiel) 2.00 OUT OF THE HOUSE OF BONDAGE. (Kelly Miller) 1.50 BOOKER T. WASHINGTON. (Emmett J. Scott and Lyman Beecher Stowe) 2.00

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