Research 69 (2017) 1e5

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Cretaceous Research

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Two new long-legged flies in the Santonian amber of France (Diptera: )

* AndreNel a, , Romain Garrouste a, Christophe Daugeron b a Institut de Systematique, Evolution, Biodiversite, ISYEB e UMR 7205 e CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universites, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, Entomologie, F-75005, Paris, France b Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Mecanismes adaptatifs et evolution, UMR 7179 MNHN-CNRS MECADEV, CP 50, 45 rue Buffon, F-75005, Paris, France article info abstract

Article history: Avenaphora gallica sp. nov., second representative of this dolichopodid genus, and Cretomicrophorus Received 30 May 2016 piolencensis sp. nov., third representative of this genus, are described from a new lower Santonian amber Received in revised form outcrop in Southern France. The relationships of Avenaphora in the are discussed. Avena- 15 August 2016 phora gallica and Cretomicrophorus piolencensis were found in a marine littoral swamp palaeoenviron- Accepted in revised form 17 August 2016 ment, as for many modern . Available online 18 August 2016 © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Diptera Empidoidea Cretaceous amber sp. nov. Palaeoecology

1. Introduction or Parathalassiini’, rather than to the . Cumming and Brooks (2002) proposed a sister-group relationship to the higher The family Dolichopodidae is one of the five major lineages Dolichopodidae for this genus, while Ulrich (2004) considered it within the superfamily Empidoidea. The traditional concept of the could be ‘an early dolichopodine’. This genus is currently known by family is referred to as Dolichopodidae sensu stricto. This concept a unique male specimen in Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber was expanded to Dolichopodidae sensu lato to include the two (Grimaldi and Cumming, 1999). Here we describe the second fossil small subfamilies Microphorinae and Parathalassiinae (Sinclair and attributable to this genus together with the third representative of Cumming, 2006). The dolichopodid characteristics comprise the Rs the Cretaceous genus Cretomicrophorus Negrobov, 1978, both from vein originating at or near the level of crossvein h, crossvein r-m the Upper Cretaceous amber of Piolenc (South of France) (see Fig.1), situated in the basal fourth of the wing, and the male terminalia a new insectiferous amber rediscovered in the beginning of the rotated forward beneath the preceding segments of the abdomen. years 2000 (Gomez et al., 2003). Very few were recovered in The Dolichopodidae sensu lato are not rare in the Cretaceous am- this amber, mainly Diptera (Choufani et al., 2013). bers, the most frequently encountered being Microphorinae. This group comprises the modern genera Macquart, 1827 and Becker, 1902 and the extinct genera Avenaphora 2. Material and method Grimaldi and Cumming, 1999 and Microphorites Hennig, 1971 (Perrichot and Engel, 2014). Among these taxa, Avenaphora remains The specimens are preserved in pieces of relatively clear, yellow quite enigmatic. Grimaldi and Cumming (1999) suggested that amber. The amber pieces were cut, shaped, and polished. Then they Avenaphora could have ‘closer affinities to the Dolichopodidae and/ were prepared between two coverslips with a Canada balsam medium as described in Azar et al. (2003), before being examined and photographed. Fossils were examined and measured under incident light with Olympus SZX9 and Nikon SMZ1500 binocular * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (A. Nel), [email protected] (R. Garrouste), microscopes, equipped with a Nikon D800 camera. We follow the [email protected] (C. Daugeron). terminology of Grimaldi and Cumming (1999) and the empidoid http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2016.08.009 0195-6671/© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2 A. Nel et al. / Cretaceous Research 69 (2017) 1e5

Fig. 1. Map of location of Piolenc (Arrow indicates amber outcrop) (map from Google Earth, Digital Globe, Map data 2016© Google). classification of Sinclair and Cumming (2006). The publication is reclinate; pair of small ocellar setae; pair of cruciate postocellars; registered at ZooBanks urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EDD523A3- pair of lateroclinate outer verticals. Antenna with scape bearing D02B-4D10-B052-22F3C17C77C3. Avenaphora gallica sp. n. has the two setae; cuplike pedicel, distal margin with ring of fine setulae; ZooBanks urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AD3256CE-D6BD-473A-A2D5- flagellomere 1 drop shaped, ventral surface with longer setulae; 2CBFFC841CEE, and Cretomicrophorus piolencensis sp. nov. urn:l- arista with two articles (suture between aristomeres well visible), sid:zoobank.org:act:64C7904B-97E2-4FED-BFFC-B68858C0503C. distal article whiplike, with numerous microtrichia slightly longer than width of aristal trunk; total length of arista slightly more than three times length of flagellomere 1. Proboscis not easily discerned, 3. Systematic palaeontology retracted into oral cavity. Thorax: notum hardly arched; dorsocentrals and acrostichals Family Dolichopodidae Latreille, 1809 sensu lato differentiated; acrostichals in two median rows, about six setae Subfamily undetermined per row; dorsocentrals slightly larger, five per row, posterior pair Genus Avenaphora Grimaldi and Cumming, 1999 of dorsocentrals twice length of anterior three pairs. One supra- Type species: Avenaphora hispida Grimaldi and Cumming, 1999. alar, one postpronotal, two pairs of scutellar setae. Scutellar Other species: Avenaphora gallica sp. n. setae longer than posteriormost dorsocentrals, almost upright; apical scutellars cruciate. Legs of moderate length, bristly. Fore- Avenaphora gallica sp. n. legs: femur with two long ventral setae, basitarsomere with Fig. 2 ventral comb of fine, short setae; tibial anteroapical comb Derivation of name. Named after Gallica, the ancient Roman name apparently present. Midlegs: trochanter appears unusually long; for France. tibia with three apical and one preapical seta. Hind legs: femur Material. Holotype MNHN.F.A53892, stored in the Laboratoire de slightly stouter than others, basitarsus with pair of ventro-apical Paleontologie, MNHN, Paris, France. setae; tibial posteroapical comb present; no dorso-medial pro- Type locality and horizon. Amber from the ancient sand quarry of jection on tarsomeres 5. Saint Louis, Piolenc, Vaucluse, France; lower Santonian (Gomez Wing (Fig. 2B) relatively short, broad, length 2.7 greatest et al., 2003). width, anal lobe of relatively small size, alula absent. Costa Diagnosis. Body and wing very small (wing 0.7 mm long, body extended to apex of R4þ5; costal seta present, costal vestiture with fi 0.7 mm long); veins M1 and M2 clearly reaching wing margin; anal a single row of spine-like setae. Sc very dif cult to discern; R1 lobe narrow. short, no pterostigma; Rs origin opposite humeral crossvein, R2þ3 Description. Body length ca. 0.7 mm; thorax length ca. 0.3 mm; and R4þ5 nearly straight and simple; r-m crossvein very short, cell wing length 0.7 mm. Known only from female holotype. dm absent; M1þ2 forked, both veins clearly reaching wing margin; Head relatively broad, slightly broader than thorax. Eye bare, CuA1 well developed; cells bm and cup slender, of subequal dichoptic. Frons wide, margins of eyes diverging dramatically length; bm-cu vein complete, apex of CuA2 not looped into cell posteriad; frons with three pairs of frontal-orbital setae, anterior bm; vein A1 extended to midway between cell cup and wing pair inclined and slightly cruciate, middle and posterior pairs margin. Download English Version: https://daneshyari.com/en/article/4746677

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