Prae Gaudio, Prae Luctu: The first commencement address of President John Leverett

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Citation Kaiser, Leo M. 1976. Prae Gaudio, Prae Luctu: The first commencement address of President John Leverett. Harvard Library Bulletin XXIV (4), October 1976: 381-394.

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Prae Gaudio, Prae Luctu: The First Commencement Address of President John Leverett Leo M. Kaiser

N 7 JuLY 1708 John Leverett 1 delivered his first Com- mencement Address as President of Harvard. In the audi- O ence were Governor ,2 members of the Governor's Council, clergymen, officers of the College, guests, and thirteen graduating seniors, "Almae Matris filii dilectissimi," as Leverett called them. Long before, as a twenty-four-year-old Harvard tutor, Leverett had demonstrated his Latin eloquence in welcoming Governor Sir to Cambridge. 3 A short time later he pronounced, in place of President Increase Mather who was in England, what is probably his finest oration, the Commencement Address before the Class of 1689.4 \Vhen his tutoring days were over, he studied and practiced law, was made Speaker of the House by 1700, member of the Governor's Council, Judge of the Superior Court and Judge of Probate; visited the Five Nations to strengthen the alliance with them; and went on a mission to the expedition of 1707 against Port Royal. But he found time in 1703 to make the Commencement Address 5 for

1 Leverett ( 1662-1724; A.B. Harvard 1680) was President of Harvard from 1708 to 1724; cf. Sibley, III, 180-198; Dictionary of American Biography; and Samuel E. Morison, Three Centuries of Harvard (Cambridge, 1936), pp. 53-75; in the Seventeenth Century (Cambridge, 1936), II, 548-556. Throughout the Notes, Sibley refers to John L. Sibley, Biographical Sketches of Graduates of Harvard University, 3 vols. (Cambridge, 1873-1885), and the continuation by Clifford K. Shipton, Biographical Sketches of Those Who Attended Harvard College (Cam- bridge, 1933-). 2 Dudley (1647-1720) was Governor of Bay from 1702 to 1715. 'See Leo M. Kaiser, "Seventeenth Century American Latin Prose: John Leverett's Welcome to Governor Sir Edmund Andros," Manuscripta, XVIII ( 1974), 30-37. • See Leo M. Kaiser, "The Unpublished Oratio of John Leverett, Harvard, 1689," Humanistica Lovaniensia, XXIV (1975), 327-345. • Being prepared for publication. Harvard Library Bulletin

Harvard's commuting head, Vice-President Samuel Willard. 6 And five years later, in an address published now for the first time, he showed undiminished Latin powers, even though the increasing press of duties affected the scope of his remarks. Indeed, the substance of the oration of 1708 is pretty well suggested by one of his lines, "Lachrymae aca- demicae hisce occasionibus semper fuere, et hodie sunt prae gaudio, prae luctu." In the oratio Leverett refers to the graduating seniors in a single sen- tence of his opening paragraph and mentions them no more. He goes on to assure his audience of the divine blessings conferred on Harvard, though the death of President Willard, a great but modest man, is mourned throughout New England. He confesses that he is unworthy to succeed so illustrious a predecessor, and he begs for his colleagues' prayers. He speaks of others who have died: Zechariah Symmes, pastor at Bradford; Gershom Hobart, pastor at Newton; young Jona- than Marsh, a Harvard student, felled by smallpox; Fitz-John \Vin- throp, Governor of Connecticut. But their deaths are balanced by the many gifts of God, who has blessed New England with King \Villiam and Queen Anne, under whom great military victories and notable religious developments have taken place. A trifle abruptly, perhaps, Leverett concludes his oratio in noting that a Harvard man, Gurdon Saltonstall, has succeeded Winthrop, while Governor Dudley of l\fassa- chusetts continues to maintain the proud history of his distinguished family. The oration, for all its simple content, is a vigorous one. Cast in period style, it is ornamented like most of the prose of its time with quotations from and reminiscences of classical and post-classical writ- ers - Homer, Cicero, V ergil, Horace, Ovid, the Younger Seneca, Silius Italicus, Juvenal, Pliny, Claudian, and Gregory Nazianzenus - and with passages from the (Greek) Testaments. More notably, Lev- erett himself can produce a vivid phrase, as in such lines as "Prof ecto status rerum humanarum sicut et omnium sublunarium est fluidus, ca- ducus, et incertus" ( 1 1 5); "Eheu, quanta caligine quamque tenebrosa nocte unius Willardi translatione sphaeram academicam pariter atque ecclesiasticam, imo totum Novanglicanum caelum obductum offus- umque ad unum omnes hodie sentiunt et persentiunt" ( 116); "unum . . lethali pro suo arbitrio incontestibili percussit Deus" ( 12 o) ; "me

•Willard (1640-1707) graduated from Harvard in 1659; cf. Sibley, II, 13-36. Prae Gaudio, Prae Luctu nimis diu et multo diutius quam institueram in hoc pulvere quamvis sacratissimo ambulasse" ( 121). Occasionally he borrows in this ora- tion as in others from his predecessor U rian Oakes, the best Latinist of the time. Again, in this oration as elsewhere, he borrows from him- self. Like Oakes and others, Leverett does not hesitate on occasion to employ post-classical words or a post-classical mood. An interesting problem is posed by the fact that Leverett seems to have wished to isolate cenain sections of his oration. By the employ- ment of the sign (")at the beginnings of certain successive lines, he sets off the following passages, some eighteen sentences in all: a) Si fam- iliae . . . omnino obscurari ( 116); b) Nunquam non vocatus . . . vita erat sublimis ( 1 1 7) ; c) Ra tum et firm um . . . sub nube vetustas ( 11 7- 1 8) ; d) Minime alienum . . . animamque renumerare ( 11 8) ; e) Quisnam est . . . existimarit ( 1 1 8) ; f) N efas teterrimum . . . dolemus ( 1 19); g) Virtutes . . . desperabat ( 12 1). The sentences in question betray no significant or common pattern, and it may be that Leverett simply planned to omit them if time ran short. Leverett made another commencement address in 1 7 1 1 7 and in 1712, 8 and brief Latin remarks at his inauguration in January 1708, 9 and at the installation of professors in 1 7 1 2 and 172 2 •10 They are in much the same manner as our present oration. The oration is edited from a photocopy of the autograph manuscript in the Harvard Archives. Leverett made a number of errors of trans- scription and omission, in most cases easily remedied. His spellings in general have been retained, but not always his punctuation, para- graphing, or capitalization. The bracketed numbers in the text below are those of the manuscript pages. For permission to publish the ora- tion and for many generous services I am much indebted to the Har- vard University Archives. To staff members of Elizabeth M. Cudahy Memorial Library and of Newberry Library I am obligated for numer- ous courtesies. A leave granted by the Committee on Research of Loyola University of Chicago permitted research to be completed.

• Being prepared for publication. • Apparently not extant. Sewall said it took "the Whistonian notion about the Flood"; see M. Halsey Thomas, ed., The Diary of Samuel Sewall (New York, 1973 ), II, 693. • To appear in a forthcoming issue of Classical Outlook. 10 Both the 1712 and 1722 remarks are being prepared for publication. Harvard Library Bulletin

Oratio Ia Cantabrigiae Nov-Anglorum in Comitiis Academicis habita, Anno Dom. 1708 Amplissime excellentissimeque Domine, Domine Gubernator, 11 honoratissimi consiliarii, venerandi pastores, Athenaei nostri curatores spectatissimi, Academ- iaeque senatores vigilantissimi, caeterique theologi ecclesiae Nov-Anglicanae, astra radiantia 12 et benigna, generosissimi praestantissimique omnium ordinum hospites, vosque sacri Deo Nazaraei, Almaeque Marris filii dilectissimi. Hodierno vestrum conventu vestrumque conspectu, exercitiis 13 comitialibus peractis, f estivitas Academiae et academicorum anniversaria usque eo celebrata fuit. Deus miserationum Pater 14 optimus vobis no bisque haec otia f ecit.15 Ab ortu hujusce nostri Athenaei ad hunc usque diem per plusquam novem scilicet lustra 16 academica solennitates isthae Minervales, nulla intermissione notata, nobis perductae sunt, quibus dum annuatim filios charissimos, partes suas feliciter agentes laureisque Musis Gratiisque sacris coronatos, intuetur Mater Alma, vos omnes quotquot adestis majorum nostrorum pietatem, prospectum atque sapientiam summa veneratione omnique laude toties quoties praedicandum intuemini. In hac seculorum sexaginta et octo 17 annorum revolutione ab urbicula Mus- arum condita, divina benignitas per varios casus certe per nescio quot discrim- ina rerum 18 nobis Collegium Harvardinum vobisque Harvardinates vestros conservavit. Conservavit non tantum per ipsum magnum magnis non raro fatal em 19 [ 115] annum clymactericum, 20 sed pene dixissem imo certo si Dun- sterum 21 sive Chauncaeum, 22 si Hoarum 23 sive Oakesium,24 si Rogersum 25 sive Matherum, 26 si denique Willard um 27 sive illorum virorum, non nomine tantum

11 Joseph Dudley (1647-1720), A.B. Harvard 1665, Governor 1702-1715. ,. Cf. Ovid, Metamorphoses 7.325-326: radiantia nocte micabant/sidera. 1• Ms: execitiis. ,. Cf. 2 Cor. 1.3: Pater misericordiarum.

],5 Cf. Vergil, Eclogues 1.6: deus nobis haec otia fecit. 1• The lustrum here is the seven-year period in which a student would acquire his A.B. and M.A. degree. 11 Leverett is reckoning from 1640 when Harvard's first President, Henry Dunster, was appointed. 1• Cf. Vergil, Aeneid 1.203-204: per varios casus, per tot discrimina rerum/ tendimus in Latium. 1• Cf. Cicero, In Catilinam 3.4: Hie annus fatalis est ad interitum huius urbis. '°Cf. Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 15.7.2: eum aetatis annum appellant KAlp,aKT'}pL,c6v. 21 Henry Dunster ( 1609-1659), President of Harvard 1640-1654 . .. Charles Chauncey ( 1592-1672 ), President 1654-1672. 03 Leonard Hoar ( 1630-1675 ), President 1672-1675 . .. Urian Oakes ( 1631-1681 ), President 1675-1681. 26 John Rogers (1630--1684), President 1682-1684 . .. Increase Mather (1639-1723), President 1685-1701. "'Samuel Willard (1640--1707), President 1701-1707. Prae Gaudio, Prae Luctu sed et re magnorum, alterutrum hisce rostris conspexistis, divina fata Nov- Anglicanis hodie ipsum annum Platonicum 28 restituisse dixissem. Inter istorum spatiorum curricula variae tum rerum turn personarurn publicarurn mutationes fuere, quibus quoque Alma Mater Academia suas subivit revolutiones. Verurn enirnvero dementia divina literarum fautores exirniosque patronos excitavit, neque adhuc brabea sua acadernica studiosis et bene merentibus unquam denegata fuerunt. Profecto status rerum humanarum sicut et omniurn sublunarium 29 est fluidus, caducus, et incertus. Raro dies adco serenus 30 ac lucidus quin caelum ipsum aliqua saltem ex parte obnubilatur, et sol ipse nocturnis tenebris obfuscatur et velatur; dies nostri terrestres semper fuerunt eruntque v1,x0YJfL€po,.31 Haud quis- quam est in tota hac frequentia qui merninit ullurn diem festurn academicurn absolute serenum, nee has solennitates cornitiales quamvis hilares et gaudibundas quin et exequiales et tristes denominari posse. Orationes cornitiales sunt sernper bipartitae. Orator noster hodiernus fuit juste gratulatorius et aeque funebris. Lachrymae academicae hisce occasionibus semper fuere, et hodie sunt prae gaudio, prae luctu. Vidimus hodie conventum serenum, celebrem, illustrem, sed et lugentem, luctibundurn et lachryrnosum. Presentes vidimus viros plurimum honorandos, venerandos vere atque reverendos, cordatos et hurnanos, quorum conspectu serio tryumphamus, et prae gaudio et gratitudine pectora distentant 32 acadernica. Unius vero viri, ortu generosi, charactere indelibili et vocatione sancta reverendissirni absentia et discessu, hujus coronae et frequentiae vultus obfus- cantur et prae dolore luctuque obtenebrantur. 33 Unius solis occasu sequitur nox obscura, 34 stellarum myriadum scintillatione non obstante. [ 116] Proximo At,henaei anniversario Reverendurn admodum Samuelem Willardum in regno theologico facile principem, in orbe cum ecclesiastico tum academico solem luce et calore plenum, ipsissirno hoc loco diem Musis et Min- ervae consecratum radiantern et moderantem conspexistis. Eheu, quanta caligine quamque tenebrosa nocte unius Willardi translatione sphaerarn academicam par- iter atque ecclesiasticam, imo toturn Novanglicanum caelum obductum offus- umque ad unum omnes hodie sentiunt et persentiunt! Qualis quantusque fuit o fLaKap{r 11,! 35 Quot quibusque dotibus naturalibus intelkctualibus, moralibus, atque spiritualibus divinitus inspiratis, studioque sedulo et industria indefessa

28 By "Platonic year" is meant the cycle imagined by some ancient astronomers in which heavenly bodies went through all their possible movements and returned to their original relative positions. w A medieval word; see Alexander Souter, A Glossary of Later Latin, Oxford, 1949· 3° Cf. Silius Italicus, Bel/um Punicum 15.53: dies horaeque serenae.

• 1 "a day and a night long"; 24 hours. 32 Cf. Seneca, N aturales Quaestiones 4.pr.2: infelicem animum ... cupiditate dis- tendimus. 33 An ecclesiastical Latin word.

3' Cf. Vergil, Aeneid 4.461: nox cum terras obscura teneret. 35 "he of blessed memory." 386 Harvard Library Bulletin acquisitis in reipublicae civilis, ecclesiasticae et academicae emolumentum emicuit inclaruitque Willardus! Fuit Willardus, eheu - quis talia fando temperet a lachrymis - 36 fuit sane vir nomine et re vera, ore et labore, 37 verbis et factis magnus omni- busque numeris absolutus, 38 theologus consumatissimus, omni ordini pro 39 pene- tratione, prudentia, et moderatione, quibus insigniter pollebat, consultissimus. Si familiae dignitas 40 quicquam facit ad justam excelsis mentibus concil- iandam venerationem, de stirpe nobili gloriari potuisse nostrum Willardum illis omnibus notum est qui in hac Massachusettensi Colonia, ejus patrem 41 ordine tum civili tum militari primas sedes tenuisse meminerunt. Sed quoties ipsum hisce auribus aura sibi propria concinentem audivimus? Nam genus et proavos et quae non fecimus 42 ipsi Vix ea nostra voco; 43 et valde ab eo approbatum fuit illud Senecae 44 eff atum, non faciat nobilem atrium plenum fumosis imaginibus, quia nemo in nostram gloriam vixit, nee quod ante nos fuit nostrum est. Siquidem nee opus fuit hoc mutuatitium Willardo, propria luce satis illustris fuit illius vita. Neque vero potuit istius primo ortu 45 splendor nativus, ne quidem cum sub horizonte Grotoniano 46 velabatur, multo minus elevationc, qua dignus fuit, candelabro apud Bostonienses vere aureo, 47 atque Acade [ 117] mia Harvardina apud Cantabrigienses modestia illa, quae fuit illi singularis et a quibusdam injuste illi vitio versa, omnino obscurari. Circulus hujus magni est vere magnus, necnon omnibus ejus spatiis capacis- simis rebus uniuscujusque generis, praecipue theologicis sibi quidem charissimis ( quibusque fuit o p,aKapfr 71, versatissimus), pulchre praeclareque gestis ref ertissi- mus. Provinciam Massachusettensem, totam ecclesiam Nov-Anglicanam Aca- demiamque nostram Cantabrigiensem (uncle lucem et pocula sacra) 48 suo jubare

,. Vergil, Aeneid 2.6-8. 87 This type of word play, indulged in even by Cicero, is found also in the orations of U rian Oakes. 38 Cf. Pliny, Epistulae 9.38: liber numeris omnibus absolutus. ••Pro added above the line. ' 0 Ms: dignas. 41 Major Simon Willard (1605-1679). Cf. Sibley, II, 13. "Ms: fecimi. 43 Ovid, Metamorphoses 13.140-141. 44 Cf. Seneca, Epistulae Morales 44.5: non facit nobilem atrium plenum fumosis imaginibus. •• Concord, Mass. ••Willard early preached at Groton, Mass. " Willard was installed as co-pastor of the Old South Church in , 3 1 March 1678; cf. Sibley, II, 16. Leverett's language in this paragraph recalls some of the sentiments voiced in Ebenezer Pemberton, A Funeral Sermon on the Death of ... the Rev. Mr. Samuel Willard, Boston 1707. ••A verb, conveying some idea like "we derive," apparently has fallen from the text. Prae Gaudio, Prae Luctu illustrabat. Nunquam non vocatus consiliis publicis privatisve, quantumvis in illis saepissime fuit intimus, sese imrniscuit. Non quaerebat theatrum nee plausum, honestam ab aliis aestimationem non spernebat, sed nee captabat, neque unquam ex aliorum obtrectatione monumentum sibi cupiebat erectum, nihil ad gloriam suam, omnia ad publicam referebat utilitatem, et ad eorum quibus se dederat commoda; imo si decora sibi ab aliis audiebat occini, eo magis se 40 deprimebat. Quod Athanasio Nazianzenus tribuit encomium, in Willardum apprime quadrabat: 1if;r1Ao,µ,cv TOl',

.. Leverett originally wrote deflemus atque dolemus. ""Cf. Acts 3.25: vos estis filii prophetarum. "'For this sentence, cf. Oakes, Oration of 1678, 63: Dabitis veniam, auditores, ut maesti nos Harvardinates etiam in ipsis feriis academicis pientissimi Shepardi manibus alieno quidem, ut videri potest, tempore parentemus et exaequalia justa persolvamus. 06 The rest of the sentence is a literal quotation from Oakes, Oration of 1678, 63. So, the next sentence is a close echo of Oakes, Oration of 1678, 64: quorum occum- bente, titubare ac nutare videntur omnia. ••Cf. Oakes, Oration of 1678, 64: Est et illud irae divinae vehementer in nos excandescentis argumentum et indicium insigne, quod gravissimis Reipublicae tem- poribus, Academiae necessitatibus, Ecclesiarum precibus et lachrymis hujus eximii viri vitam noluerit Deus condonare. • 1 Rev. Samuel Torrey ( 1632-1707 ). Cf. Sibley, I, 564-567. 08 Tota added above line . .. Cf. Leverett, Oration of 1689, 78: in hac celeberrima panegyri lectissimaque auditorum corona; Oakes, Oration of 1678, 65: in hac solenni panegyri. 10 Cf. Seneca, Hippolytus 381-382: lacrimae cadunt per ora, et assiduo genae/rore irrigantur. 11 Cf. 4 Kings 2.12: currus Israel et auriga ejus. 1• Cf. Oakes, Oration of 1678, 66: Quamobrem, honoratissimi viri, lugete amissum civem plane TETpa"fwPoP, optimarum semper in Republica partium et in rebus optimis constantissimum virum, columen atque ornamentum Reipublicae vestrae. Prae Gaudio, Prae Luctu consultissimum, vestrae Reipublicae decus et tutamen! 73 Plange, 74 plange. Ec- clesia Novanglicana, amissum episcopum vigilantissimum, angelum interpretem, unum e mille, 75 qui hominibus indicabit rectitudinem Dei, neque unquam ejus consilium 70 seu voluntatem celavit ant dissimulavit! Plangite denique prophe- tarum filii amissum patrem, de vestrum capite dominum vestrum assumptum, Elisaeum 77 hunc magnum! 0 si togam illius relictam 78 haberemus! 0 si spiritum ejus duplicatum sperare liceat! Aulae Harvardinae pariter vocis ejus repercussu non amplius resonabunt, cathedra academica orbata manebit: quis enim ego sum, qui locum isthunc occupare et tanto viro succedere possim? Onerosum est bono principi 79 succedere, 80 quemadmodum successor 81 illi memorabili nee unquam aequando Domino Matthaeo Hale, 82 equiti aura to, Capitali Iusticiario de Banco Regis, olim Domino Cancellario 83 Angliae Excelso, cum literas regias patentes huic tradiderat, respondebat; sic date veniam, lus- ticiarii ad placita tenendum in curia superiori assignati plurimum honorandi, ut dicam semper in pectore hanc 84 impressam mihi esse gestandam ad conso- landum et in exercitationibus scholasticis ad excusandum, 'Sequitur, quamvis non passibus aequis.' 85 Precibus me vestris usque et usque juvate, 86 obsecro, patres, fratresque, vestra

73 Cf. Vergil, Aeneid 5.262: decus et tutamen in armis. "'Cf. a similar, extended passage in Oakes, Oration of 1678, 66. 75 Cf. Ecclesiastes 7.28: virum de mille repperi. 76 Ms: concilium. 77 Cf. 3 and 4 Kings. 78 Ms: relictum. 79 Cf. Pliny, Panegyricus 44.7: ... quam sit onerosum succedere bono principi. 80 Ms: sucdere. • 1 Sir Richard Rainsford (1605-1680); cf. Dictionary of National Biography. Actually it was not Hale's successor Rainsford, as Leverett claims, who made the re- mark to the Lord Chancellor, but rather the Lord Chancellor to Rainsford; cf. Gil- bert Burnett, The Life and Death of Sir Matthew Hale (London, 1682), p. 126, who quotes the Latin in this order: Onerosum est succedere bono principi. •• Sir Matthew Hale ( 1609--1676), Lord Chief Justice of England. (All knights were "knights of the spur" - equites aurati - since their spurs were golden or gilt). 03 Heneage Finch, Lord Nottingham (1621-1682); cf. Dictionary of National Biography . .. Leverett has here rendered into Latin paraphrase the last part of Rainsford's response to the Lord Chancellor as recorded in Burnett, The Life and Death of Sir Matthew Hale, p. 127: "And I must ever wear this Motto in my Breast to comfort me, and in my Actions to excuse me: Sequitur, quamvis non passibus aequis." The passage just quoted allows us to correct Leverett's Ms text, which at this point reads: "semper in pectore hanc impressam mihi est gestandum." It may be added that none of the standard Latin lexicons list a word "impressa" as meaning "motto." But the Oxford English Dictionary lists the English word "im- pressa" as an erroneous form of the archaic "impresa" (also listed), which as early as 1622 meant a motto such as is found on a coat of arms. Either Leverett Latinized the English word, or in the seventeenth century a Latin word "impressa" did exist. •• Cf. Vergil, Aeneid 2.724: sequiturque patrem non passibus aequis. 86 Leverett first wrote ut juvetis, instead of juvate. 39° Harvard Library Bulletin meis vota conjungite ut si haec chara ac praeclara vestigia passibus aequis cal- care non valeam, saltem sequi possim. Huie scenae lugubri jam perlubentissime velum 87 obtenderem, si fata quaedam alia memorabilia et deploranda intra hujusce anni circulum non reclamassent. 88 Nefas teterrimum unusquisque duceret, nee injuria, si Reverendum Zechariam Symms, 89 Bradfordiae pastorem fidelissimum, venerabilis Z. Symms, 9° Caro- linensis ecclesiae pastoris eximii, et olim Harvardini Collegii curatoris praeclari filium non memorarem. Fuit iste noster Symms non solum a tali parente prog- natus, sed et Almae Academiae primo fuit alumnus, deinde duplici laurea 91 orna- tus, et denique socius ejusdem renuntiatus fuit. Nee praetereundum innominatum Dominum Gershom Hobartum 92 [ 1 20] eminentissimi Petri Hobarti Hingham- ensis,93 ejusdem nominis et ingenii et iudicii acuminis inter theologos Nov- Anglicanos, quo floruit inter jurisperitos in Anglia Dominus Henricus Hobar- tus, 94 eques auratus et baronettus, Capitalis Iusticiarius Domini Regis de Banco Communi, filium, nostrique venerabilis Nehemiae Hobarti, 95 Neotoniensis pastoris, et ex ordine Academiae senatorio primarii fratrem, Matrisque Almae alumnum decoratum atque consecratum. Horum funera juste deploranda nominamus et dolemus. Neque sicco pede 90 pertransire licet novam et primo jam auditam intra ipsissima Stoughtonianae Aedis moenia mortis intrusionem. Obsedit mors pallida 97 Harvardinates, muros Musarum scandit ipsasque fenestras penetravit, inopinato Jonathanem Marsh 98 tantum non seniorem sophistam, juvenem bonae indolis 99 optimaeque spei, religione matutina 100 imbutum erepsit. Deus Optimus Maximus pro sua summa misericordia aliquot abhinc annis huic societati, cum studentes tum variolis tum morbillis laborarunt, pepercit, ita ut ne unus ex omnibus laborantibus moriebatur, cum tamen ad unum fere omnes istis con- tagionibus laborantes conspeximus tremebundi: 101 unum jam e duobus tribusve

87 I have supplied velum here as the object of obtenderem; cf. Cicero, Ad Quintum Fratrem 1.1.15: quasi velis quibusdam obtenditur uniuscuiusque natura. 88 Leverett is thinking in terms of a theatre here; cf. Cicero, De Oratore 3.50: theatra tota reclamant. 89 Zechariah Symmes ( 1638-1708), A.B. Harvard 1657. 00 Zechariah Symmes ( 1599-1671 ). Cf. Sibley, I, 328, 445. • 1 M.A. in 1660. •• 1645-1707; A.B. Harvard 1667. 02 Peter Hobart of Hingham, Mass.; d. 1679. "'Died 1625. Cf. Dictionary of National Biography. 0'Nehemiah Hobart of Newton, Mass. (1648-1712); A.B. Harvard 1667. 96 Cf. Oakes, Oration of 1678, 68: tacito et sicco pede pertransierim. 97 Cf. Horace, Carmina 1-4-13: pallida Mors aequo pulsat pede pauperum tabernas. •• 1689-1708. Cf. Sibley, V, 485. 00 Cf. Cicero, De Senectute 8: adolescentibus bona indole praeditis. 100 A graphic adjective probably meaning "brisk" or "vigilant." 101 On a marble tablet in St. Francis Xavier (College) Church in St. Louis is a long Latin inscription commemorating a similar blessing bestowed on students of St. Louis University in the cholera outbreak of 1849. Cf. Leo M. Kaiser, "Sundry In- scriptions for CIGLA," The Classical Bulletin, XXXV ( 1959), 52. Prae Gaudio, Prae Luctu 39 1 tan tum f ebri latenti quam 102 maligna visitatis, lethali pro suo arbitrio incon- testibili 103 arundine percussit Deus. 104 Absit ut aliquis putet quod hicce juvenis prae caeteris 105 suis commilitonibus aliisve academicis peccator fuerat. Profecto neque hie neque hujus parentes peccarunt, quod solus et in ipso aetatis flosculo 100 mo rte extinctus, sed ut manif estetur divina summitas, 107 et ut discant superstites iuvenilium vanitatum 7roAA~, T~,

102 Ms: quin. 103 Incontestibili is not listed in the standard classical and medieval dictionaries. 104 Cf. Ovid, Epistulae ex Ponto 9.16: percussus harundine pectus. 105 Ms: caeteis. 106 Cf. Juvenal 9.127: flosculus angustae ... vitae. 10' Cf. Arnobius, Adversus Nationes 1.13: deum summitatem omnium summorum obtinentem. '°""great ostentation"; cf. Acts 25.23: l>..0ovrn,Tov 'Aypt7r7ra Kat T~, B£pVtK71,p.£Ta :,roAAijs

115 Cf. Cicero, Orator 22, concerning a painter doing the head of Agamemnon grieving over lphigeneia. 116 An original expression for which I have found no parallel. 117 Cf. Cicero, Post Reditum in Senatu r: percensere numerando. 1,. Ms: ampliandum. 110 Ms: ad ad. 120 Perhaps a coinage of Leverett. Cf. Seneca, De Beneficiis r.13.2: Libens accepit non dilutum honorem. 121 Stator is a common epithet of Jupiter. 122 Inadvertently repeated by Leverett. 123 "Father of men and of gods" - a common epithet of Zeus in Homer. 12'William III (1650-1702). 125 With the death of William III the line of the princes of Orange-Nassau ended. Prae Gaudio, Prae Luctu 393 Per illum ipsum Dominum per quern reges regnant et dominatores decernunt justitiam, conservata regnat serenissima Anna 126 Magnae Britanniae Regina. En qualis quantaque virtutum virtuteque plane divina actorum magnorum atque bonorum Ilias 127 in hoc uno nomine Anna! En Anna vicem gerens ipsa Tonantis consensu plausuque bonorum omnium in proprio regno, primas tenens sedes inter principes foederatos, totius fere Europae moderatrix et dominatrix! Ecce Regina omnibus celsitudini suae propriis constans semperque eadem! Nomina virorum in ordine politico, ecclesiastico atque militari insignissi- morum, proelia, ovationcs, tryumphi annalibus serenissimae Annae nobis con- servati posteritatique ultimae transmissi sunt, semperque erunt divinae benigni- tatis virtutumque Regnantis monumenta immortalia. Singula quid referam? Verbo absolvam. Contestatio ilia Parliamentaria in Billam de Comm uni one Occasionali, 128 uti dicitur, et ejusdem determinatio a Domina Regina approbata, una cum coalitione Britannica celebratissima per plusquam centum retrospectos annos molita, unico sexto scilicet anno memoratissimo Dominae nostrae Annae perfecta, sunt divinae presentiae tum gratiosae tum gloriosae insignia, et moderationis, sapientiae, justitiae et charitatis Serenissimae Reginae tesserae 129 consummatissimae. [ 1 2 3] Tandem aliquando propius accedo, quamvis quae observavimus non nobis sunt remotissima: eripuit sane pro beneplacito suo 130 Dominus Deus viros praestant1ss1mos; interim vero pro sua singulari atque divina dementia nobis, omnibus suis beneficiis imparibus, viros eximios praeter seminarium ejusdem generis succedentium indulsit. Vicina Colonia loco Winthropi desideratissimi honorabilem Gurdonum Sal- tonstallum 131 armigerum, inclytae prosapiae, eruditionis minime vulgaris, in- genii geniique superioris virum, Almae nostrae Matris alumnum, succedaneum nobilissimum, et ad corpus Connecticottense politicum atque ecclesiasticum athleticum 132 reddendum aptum substituit medicans 133 omnisciens omnipotens- que. Rex regum et reginarum Dominus i:H providentia sua plane divina Guberna- torem nostrum perillustrem Iosephum Dudlaeum armigerum, diplomate Gui- lielmi Regis magni designavit, diplomate maximae Reginae Annae eundem inter

126 Queen Anne (1665-1714). 121 Cf. Cicero, Ad Attic um 8. 11.3: tan ta ma lo rum impendet 'L\u{,. 128 The Occasional Conformity Bill was designed to punish with heavy fines holders of office who after qualifying by taking the Anglican Sacrament, later at- tended a Nonconformist service. The "coalition" or union of England and Scotland took place on I May 1707. 129 "tokens"; a sense not listed in the lexicons. 13° Cf. Ephes. r.9: secundum beneplacitum eius. 131 Gurdon Saltonstall ( 1666-1724), A.B. Harvard 1684; Governor of Connecticut I 708-1724. 132 Cf. Celsus, De M edicina 4.1 3: athletico victu corpus firmandum est.

1" Ms: medians. "'Cf. Apoc. 17.14: Dominus dominorum est et Rex rcgum. 394 Harvard Library Bulletin gubernatores Americanos primogenitum consignavit. 135 Deum veneramur atque Reginam tantum non adoramus, quod Excellentiam Vestram contra et supra conjuratas malevolorum calumniationes conservatam, primas inter Novangli- canas sedes tenentem, et solennitates feriasque academicas illustrantem hodie conspicimus. Nomen Dudlaeanum apud Harvardinates totumque chorum literatum Oc- cidentalem in maxima reverentia haberi meretur. Huie nomini numine divino proximo Academiae Harvardinae constitutio prima 136 et postrema restitutio 137 debetur. Diploma 138 seu instrumentum, quo privilegia, potestates et iurisdic- tiones nostri Athenaei describuntur Dudleiano nomine subscripto gaudet eodem- que cognomine instrumentum restaurativum sancitur. Pater 139 o p.aKapln1, sanctus rei istius HO nobis nomen suum dulcissimum atque gratissimum feliciter transmisit; filius tanto parente dignus hujus consummatione tam patri quam sibi ad gloriam sempiternam viam aditumque munivit, et in solo Musis et Gratiis dicato nomen Dudlaeanum immortalitati consecravit. Det Deus Optimus Maximus ut hoc nomen propitium semper sit rebus omni- bus politicis, ecclesiasticis et academicis felix faustumque, dicatque totus chorus caelestis atque terrestris: Amen.

135 On Dudley's commissionsfrom William and Anne, see Sibley, II, 176. 136 See note 139. 137 Here is meant the restoration through Joseph Dudley's efforts of the Charter of 1650 in December 1707. Cf. Morison, Harvard College in the Seventeenth Century, II, 555-556. 130 The text of the Charter of 1650 is reproduced with facsimile in Morison, Har- vard College in the Seventeenth Century, I, 5-8. 189 ( 1576--1652 ), Governor of for four terms, and a founder and overseer of Harvard. " 0 A noun that sanctus would modify seems to be missing at this point. CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE

JoHN HARRISONis Senior Under-Librarian for Cataloguing in the Cambridge University Library; he has edited (with Peter Laslett) The Brasenose Confer- ence on the Automation of Libraries (1967) and The Library of John Locke ( 1st ed., 1965; znd ed., Oxford: Clarendon Press, 197 1) .

MARYHYDE, a member of the Overseers' Committee to Visit the Harvard Uni- versity Library and of the Editorial Committee for the Yale Edition of Samuel Johnson's Works, is an author, scholar, and collector. Play'll.7Yitingfor Eliza- bethans, 1600-1605 (published by the Columbia University Press in 1949) grew out of her dissertation; The Impossible Friendship: Boswell and Mrs. Thrale was published by the Harvard University Press in 1972 following its serialization in the HARVARDLIBRARY BULLETIN.

LEO M. KAISER,Professor of Classical Studies at Loyola University of Chicago, has contributed editions of Harvard Latin orations to two previous issues of the HARVARDLIBRARY BuLLETIN - Urian Oakes's Commencement Address of 1672 in the issue for January 1973, and John Leverett's oration of 1711 on the Quebec Expedition in July 1974.

RusHWORTH M. KIDDERis Associate Professor of English at Wichita State University. His published writings include Dylan Thomas: The Country of the Spirit, which was published by the Princeton University Press in 1973, and "E. E. Cummings, Painter," in the April 1975 HARVARDLIBRARY BuLLETIN.

RoBERT R. SINGLETON,who is on the faculty of the Queensborough Com- munity College of the City University of New York, wrote "Defoe and Crim- inal Biography" as his New York University dissertation ( 1969) and contri- buted "English Criminal Biography, 1651-1722" to the HARVARDLIBRARY BULLETINfor January 1970.