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Home , Fenton House, St Anne and St Agnes, St Mary Abchurch, St Nicholas Cole Abbey

November 2019

St Botolph Aldgate St Mary at Hill All Hallows Wall

PHOTOS: THOMAS VOELKER

the magazine of the FRIENDS OF THE CITY CHURCHES Christmas with carols!) and concerts Letters to the Editor on in the City. Most of them are free of charge; any donation is just that; you only pay if you can and think it was James Lovely writes Further to the restrained as a prisoner on charges of worth it. Do go, enjoy: make the most article in Skyline August 2019 by Eric treason. The party landed in Virginia of these organists and particularly the de Bellaigue, I should like to draw in mid May 1607 and chose a site for organs that the City has. attention to Peter Firstbrook’s well the foundation of Jamestown. Smith researched and thorough biography was still a prisoner! Keith Billinghurst writes I thought of Captain John Smith, A Man Most The stained glass window in this extract from the London Driven, published in 2014 by One St Sepulchre seems to suggest that Metropolitan Archives website might World Publications. Lord Willoughby and Sir Samuel be of interest to Friends, given the As a soldier, Smith had no nautical Saltonstall sailed with the flotilla importance of the Whitechapel Bell training nor much experience of although there is no evidence they did Foundry to the City churches. sailing when he set sail for the New so. Sir Richard Saltonstall (1586-1661) https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/ World in December 1606. the elder son of Sir Samuel did indeed things-to-do/london-metropolitan- Three ships formed the flotilla led sail for the Americas and settled there. archives/the-collections/Pages/ by the Susan Constant commanded The placement of frames within the whitechapel-bell-foundry-cataloguing. by Captain Christopher Newport, an stained glass window is deceptive. aspx experienced Elizabethan ‘Sea Dog’. TheGodspeed was commanded by Sally Bernard writes How I miss the Mary Milne-Day writes The four Captain Bartholomew Gosnold who many and varied concerts in the City days in the year when Skyline arrives had sailed with Sir Walter Raleigh churches! The other evening I went are red-letter days for me. It seems and in 1602 had commanded his own to an organ recital at a local church to get better and better with its mix voyage to the Americas. The final ship, in Canterbury, where I now live. It of FCC news and fascinating articles, the Discovery was commanded by cost me £10. The church is lovely, the always telling me things I hadn’t Captain John Ratcliffe. This small ship organist was relatively competent, but known about matters I thought I knew had a very shallow draught, hardly the organ was not good at all. Even well. There is usually a light-hearted suitable for a transatlantic crossing but I could hear it needed tuning and piece as well, either a cartoon or a was to be used to explore the rivers of work. It took me back to the many poem. But the poems seem to have Virginia. occasions on which I enjoyed free dried up recently; I hope the poet’s Smith would have been listed as a organ concerts in the . muse hasn’t deserted him and we shall passenger and is thought to have sailed They are wonderful. In the City one soon have more verses to read. on the Susan Constant although his is so fortunate to have those concerts exact role is unclear. The stained glass on one’s doorstep. Please go to them. The delightful play on words which was window in St Sepulchre suggests he Thankfully, John Reynolds and his to have been this quarter’s cartoon, was involved in navigation. However, team still do City Events. Pick up a touched on religious matters. Too late as stated in the Skyline article, en copy in any City church and you will to ask ToeKnee for something secular, it route in February 1607, Smith was find all the services (wonderful at was felt best to withdraw it. Ed

THE FRIENDS OF THE CITY CHURCHES February deadline: Friday 3 January 2020 Abchurch Lane London EC4N 7BA The views expressed in this magazine are not necessarily www.london-city-churches.org.uk those of the Trustees.

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2 | S K Y L I N E | November 2019 he Friends of the City never did. Instead he helped Churches was formed to find new congregations and Tfollowing a strongly A message new missions with spectacular worded report by SAVE Britain’s success. May this great work Heritage in May 1994 attacking continue under our new Bishop. the proposal to close up to from our The Friends have done a 27 City churches, including magnificent job in ensuring some of the finest and most President churches are open. We could complete surviving churches not have dreamed of a better by Sir . We recruiter than the wonderful wrote ‘No City church need Melba Coombs. close. This report proposes the establishment of a new trust The City churches were my first aimed at ensuring that every passion in architecture. One church in the City is kept alive, day in 1955, when I was 10, my open to the public, and available maths master cast aside the for worship.’ text books and decided to teach Our report The City Churches geometry by looking at the plans of Wren’s City churches. have a Future, published in May 1994, was a forceful reaction to It was certainly the best week’s the official Templeman which class I had ever had. PHOTO: COUNTRY LIFE/NATALIE MAYER LIFE/NATALIE COUNTRY PHOTO: took a deeply pessimistic view marcus binney cbe Just before Easter that year about the churches suggesting my Dad had a bad heart attack that many should simply be ‘mothballed’. We were and we found ourselves unexpectedly in London on also concerned that conversion to secular uses Good Friday. My mother was wondering what on could involve the removal of pews, choir stalls and earth she was going to do with me all day while we more. I wrote ‘the interiors of the City churches waited for news from the hospital, when I brightly represent a golden age of English craftsmanship suggested we should go and look at Wren’s City in terms of woodwork, ironwork, plasterwork and churches. sculpture’. The late Giles Worsley pronounced ‘The City of London churches represent one of the finest It was a magical day, though I have to say that groups of ecclesiastical buildings in Europe’. Simon my mother was rather shocked at how many of Thurley added ‘The woodwork in the City churches the churches were closed – on Good Friday of all represents one of the most important groups of days. But we admired the steeples, found our way dated documented decorative woodwork and into three or four, and still had enough to keep us carving anywhere in the country’. occupied on the Saturday. Meanwhile my Dad made a good recovery. Such was the support we received that we quickly formed FCC. We had a surprise windfall when we Thanks to the Friends, trustees and volunteers, long discovered that there had been an earlier group so ably chaired by Oliver Leigh-Wood, countless of friends formed to support restoration of City people can appreciate Wren’s masterpieces and the churches bombed in . When this work was other remarkable churches which give the City of done there was a surplus which had been entrusted London a dimension unrivalled in any of the other to the Ancient Monuments Society which kindly financial capitals in the world. transferred the £10,000 funds to the new FCC. This Many cities struggle with the problem of closed ensured our new group was off to a flying start. churches, notably Venice, but FCC have shown there A second boost came when the new Bishop of is no need to be pessimistic or defeatist and this is London, Richard Chartres, agreed to become our why I not only commend your continued work but patron. He said he would never close a church, and am proud to be your President. {

November 2019 | S K Y L I N E | 3 LIZ CHALMERS ◊ © CHURCH © Noticeboard RECORDING ◊ LESLEY THRIFT to enter the Watches in your diaries, IN THE CITY and to check your diaries against the September 2019 rota sheets. It really is time I updated Friends WATCHERS’ There will be a police on what Church Recorders are up presentation on sensible anti- to in the City. We have two groups. NEWS terrorist procedures and behaviour The one I lead is supported by fcc Thanks to those who mopped up on Monday 20 January 2020. Tell me in general and Church Watchers the vacancies post meeting, and if you wish to attend. Time and place in particular, and is at the end of those that were so enthusiastic will be confirmed nearer the time. recording St Magnus the Martyr, they signed up for the same day in Don’t forget the Watchers’ tying up loose ends (finishing the different churches. You are forgiven meeting at St Mary at Hill, 10am vestment section in particular), and but it shows you how necessary it is Wednesday 27 November. proofreading before printing. In October (by the time you see this) we shall have started recording at . GRANTS Ó The other group is led by Joyce Ç Three small grants have been agreed by the Trustees: Wallis and sponsored by the Arts Outing will receive the maximum Society Westminster, but has also The Chairman’s £2,000 towards the restoration of the bell. had fcc members in the group. Outing in September will receive the maximum They are assembling the record for was a wow, and Kathy £2,000 towards the repair of the organ. All Hallows by the Tower but I don’t Clauss’ illustrated will receive the necessary sum to think their next church has been report will be service the clock above the South door. decided yet. published in February. The Trustees invite further submissions. So this is the moment for anyone interested in knowing more about church recording, SIGNE HOFFOS 11 and 3, when the church is open and possibly considering a new, to◊ visitors. Friends are invited to fascinating and definitely sociable read the books and pamphlets activity, to get in touch. It is a cross FCC LIBRARY under supervision in the office or between a treasure hunt and a adjacent vestry, and to bring in their detective story. We explore the AND ARCHIVE own laptops or usb flash drives to church and City heritage in new Over the years, the Friends have download the copyright-free digital depth and make good friends at accumulated a fair collection of resources which they can then use at the same time. You learn on the job books about the City of London and their leisure at home. and all you need is availability (for particularly its churches, as well as We are initially offering my group) on the first Thursday of leaflets and guidebooks from the 24 January, 14 and 24 February, and the month, moderate computer many churches themselves. Recently, 13 and 27 March. Please contact skills, and innate curiosity! In we have also begun to accrue a large me to book a place (see below). particular we need someone with number of digitised books, now out We’ll keep a watching brief on this a knowledge of and interest in of copyright, as pdfs on the office initiative, and adjust our plans in textiles (and there are wonderful laptop (mainly, but not all, with response to Friends as far as we can. textiles in City churches), and a searchable text for ready reference). The collection has largely heraldry expert to help us interpret We are still cataloguing all this accrued through donations from and blazon all the armorials. But material, but wish to make these Friends, with a few strategic we also cover all the other aspects resources available to Friends. purchases. We welcome further of church interiors – memorials, As everything is necessarily donations, on the understanding metalwork, woodwork, records, stored in the fcc office in St Mary that we shall keep the best copies for paintings and so on. We get hooked Abchurch, we are proposing a trial our collection and sell on duplicates. and never bored – come and see! run with access on Fridays (our [email protected] [email protected] administrator’s day off) between or mobile 07740 476470

4 | S K Y L I N E | November 2019 Ç SIGNE HOFFOS Ó THE MELBA Ç COOMBS SIX IN THE CITY: THE CITY MEMORIAL CHURCHES COLLECTION FUND: January 2020 sees the inception of a new cycle of guided walks which will visit all the churches and standing remains in the City (plus a a plea from the few just beyond its borders), entering as many as welcome visitors and briefly introducing those which are in use full-time with other Chairman activities. The walks will be led by a group of recently-qualified City As many of you will know, it was Melba Guides working collectively as Six in the City. This initiative recognises who joined the recently revived fcc and that many Friends would appreciate a full schedule of walks as founded the Watchers. Undeterred by an introduction to the churches or an occasional refresher. This resistance within the administration of manageable 15-month cycle of walks can be repeated as long as Friends some of the City churches, it was she wish. who got the doors open. Melba was one of those who made a difference, and it was that which DAVID JESSOP ◊ inspired a private foundation to donate corrections £50,000 to establish a fund in her name Each time I pick up to boost our small grants programme. August’s SAVE THE DATE Skyline a new In addition, as you may recall, every error hits me in the The Friends will have a service of pound that we raise before 30 November face. They are too many Evensong at St Mary Abchurch next May 2019, up to a further £50,000, will be to list; you will have to commemorate 75 years since ve Day matched by the foundation. To date spotted many. I must, (8 May 1945). The service will be at 3pm on we have raised over £12,000. So please however, apologise Wednesday 6 May 2020. We have avoided anything you can give to get us nearer to to our cartoonist: his the actual day – Friday 8 May – as it will our goal will be most gratefully received. caption was supposed be May Bank Holiday with many other We have two fund-raising to have read ‘The commemorations. highlights: Vestry’. Also Condell’s

collaborator on on Saturday 16 November at 11am Shakespeare’s First Folio the• Chairman, and others, will lead CARD PAYMENTS was Heminge (which fcc is trialling the use of card payments for a two part walk: an extravaganza rhymes with, but is not uk Friends, to gauge demand. The office encompassing the varied exteriors of spelt like Lemming). can now take debit and credit cards in most of the City churches. It will start person or over the phone for subscription I can only hope that I at the Charity’s headquarters, St Mary shall have done better in and merchandise expenses. (We still ask Abchurch, to do a western loop, taking this issue. for cheques or cash when booking events, ed in such wonders as St Bride Fleet Street please.) and St Dunstan in the West, returning at about 1 for refreshments (provide your own) and setting off at around 2 for a ◊ shorter loop eastwards around those £££: HONORARY TREASURER churches. NEEDED Tickets £10 per person at the door. The Chairman has been standing in as Honorary Treasurer since the also on Wednesday 20 November at retirement of the last, but a new one is needed. St Mary• Abchurch at 6pm there will be a John Wilson will continue as bookkeeper, but a new Trustee is recital by the acclaimed Iúnó Connolly. needed: someone ideally with experience of the legal requirements for Born in Wiltshire, graduating from the charities. It would be absurd to suggest that this is a sinecure. But it is Royal Academy of Music, Iúnó has been not a thankless task – thanks will flood over you along with the nitty singing all over Europe and we are very gritty. grateful that she is coming to St Mary

Please send your application into the office For Careful Abchurch to support the Melba Coombs

Ç Consideration – and it goes without saying that Honorary means Fund.Ç without Honorarium. Tickets £20 per person.

November 2019 | S K Y L I N E | 5 SALLY PHILLIPS Memorial Fund saying ‘The Crystal act as a recruitment and training Palace is … known throughout the centre. After the War it was used by world. Every visitor from colonial the government to exhibit trophies SIR DAVID shores must see and wonder at it and and memorabilia, such as tanks and admire. The pleasure it has provided armoury, a collection that eventually BURNETT OBE in past days has woven a charm in became the . riends may have noticed, on the hearts of many who hold this David Burnett was born in 1851, the north side of the east wall happiness in remembrance.’ However coincidentally the year the Great F at St Mary Abchurch, a after a year only £25,000 had been Exhibition opened. He practised for plaque (admittedly quite high up and received. On 30 June 1913, at Sir over 60 years in the City as a surveyor not too easy to read) to Sir David David’s request, The Times made and auctioneer, and was one of the Burnett who ‘saved the Crystal Palace an appeal for £90,000. The next day earliest members of what is now the for the Nation’. As I used to live not far Royal Institution of from Crystal Palace and frequently Chartered Surveyors. He took visiting nieces and nephews to represented the park to see the dinosaurs, I was Ward from 1888 intrigued by this. Why did it need (which accounts for his saving and from whom? memorial plaque’s being After the Great Exhibition ended in St Mary Abchurch). in 1851, Londoners were keen that it He was a member of the should remain open and Paxton, not Loriners’ Company. By unnaturally, was loath to see the end of the end of 19C, according his masterpiece. He set about raising to its website, the money to buy it. By May 1852, the Company had almost no Crystal Palace Company Ltd had been role in relation to its craft formed with £500,000 capital. Soon [bridle-making] however after, contracts were exchanged for it did have the reputation the purchase of 200 acres of wooded of being very attractive parkland on the summit of Sydenham in its social aspects, as Hill with a fine view over London. well as of being a great The Crystal Palace had been bought force in the public life from the Commissioners for £75,000 of the City. He was and a contract had been signed to knighted in 1908 and was dismantle, transport and re-erect it. Lord Mayor in 1912/13. Although the Company never made During the War he was a profit, the Palace itself enjoyed over the Honorary Colonel, 30 years of popularity after its transfer, 4th Battalion City of and out-ranked the GALLERY PORTRAIT NATIONAL IMAGE COURTESY London Regiment as a magnet for foreign visitors. But contributions were received from the (Royal Fusiliers) and he also received by the turn of the century its fortunes King and Queen, as well as Queen the Légion d’Honneur, the highest had declined and the word ‘seedy’ Alexandra, quickly followed by many French military order, and Knight began to be applied to it. There was others. The managing director of Commander, Order of the Crown of also a dichotomy of purpose – it was Harrods offered 10/- for every pound Belgium. Sir David continued to be conceived as scientific amusement but subscribed up to his own contribution the Chairman of the Board of Trustees the main objective of the visitors was of £30,000 and on 14 July the Mansion of Crystal Palace until his death in July an ‘outing’ – eating, drinking and fun! House fund reached its target and 1930 aged 78. His place was taken by The building needed maintenance closed in December. Six days after his only son. { which could never be afforded and Britain declared war in August by 1911 bankruptcy could no longer 1914 the purchase of the Palace was Bibliography be avoided. The Court of Chancery completed. The Palace had been ‘saved Anthony Bird, Paxton’s Palace, had set a provisional date for an for the nation’ to be used in perpetuity Cassell,1976 auction and the site was in danger of ‘for recreation, education and for J P Craddock, People of the Palace: falling into the hands of speculative promoting industry, commerce and The Crystal Palace Company developers. A movement was started art’. Sir David headed the Board of and Trustees, Crystal Palace for the City of London to buy the site. Trustees. WW1 started in 1914 and in Foundation, 2016 Sir David Burnett, then Lord Mayor, September the Palace and its grounds Graham Reeves, Palace of the People, launched the King Edward National were offered to the Admiralty to Bromley Libraries, 2004

6 | S K Y L I N E | November 2019 PHILIP WHITTEMORE Two heraldic shields are shown. At the top are the arms of the Merchant Taylors’ Company, at the bottom the arms of Dove, which have at some ROBERT DOW – A JACOBEAN date been repainted incorrectly. They PHILANTHROPIST should be sable a fess dancettée ermine between three doves argent beaked he monument to Robert Dow and legged gules. at St Botolph Aldgate is one Dow was born about 1523, T of the more interesting the second son of Henry Dove of monuments to be found in a City Stadbroke, Suffolk. He married Lettice church. His original memorial of 1612 (Letitia), daughter of Goldsmith, was a brass, now lost, that was fixed to Nicholas Bull. By about 1586 he had the wall of the chancel as recorded by five sons and the family was living in John Strype in his updated edition of the parish of St Clement Eastcheap. ’s Survey of London. He Dow was apprenticed to the Merchant clearly did not think such a benefactor Taylors’ Company and called to the as Dow should have such a lowly livery by 1562, before working his way monument describing it as ‘a very up the hierarchy, becoming Master in unworthy monument (in my mind) 1578. He was a Member of Common for a man of so great charity and Council for the City 1565-1593. He bounty, not having so much as a was also a member of the Russia graven stone bestowed on him upon Company, and collector of a subsidy of the ground’. The brass also tunnage and poundage on exports in commemorated Dow’s wife Lettice the Port of London. Dow outlived his and their son Thomas. Strype goes on wife and his eldest son Robert, a music to list his benefactions to the parish of copyist who had died in 1588. Dow St Botolph. With Dow, his wife and died in May 1612 and was buried in even his eldest son dead, the brass the chancel of St Botolph Aldgate. plaque had been erected by Zachary Of the many bequests Dow left, Dow. It is not known the relationship £50 went to St Sepulchre for the of Zachary with Robert, possibly a sexton or bellman to ring a bell in nephew. Newgate Prison on the night before In 1622-3 the Merchant Taylors’ the accused were to be hanged, Company erected a sumptuous exhorting them to repent of their monument to him on the south side sins. As the condemned were taken of the chancel in the old church. past on their way to execution, the Christopher Kingsfield, a member great bell would toll (‘the bells of Old of the Masons’ Company was Bailey’ in the nursery rhyme Oranges paid £13 6s 8d for producing it. and Lemons), again reminding the Surprisingly no other monuments by prisoners to pray for repentance. The him are known. The Company kept execution bell in St Sepulchre is one it in good repair as an inscription on of the church’s most viewed items. A it records: it was restored in 1675 and grim reminder of the past. again in 1890. SOURCES It is now in the baptistry having Anthony Nixon, Doue: or A been placed there during the Memoriall of the life and death of restoration of 1965-6. Dow looks stern Maister Robert Doue, Citizen and with his long beard and staring eyes, Marchant-Taylor of London… wearing a ruff, and black gown over a originally published 1612, red doublet. On his head is a black cap. Taschenbuch, 2010 He appears to be standing, but only John Strype, A Survey of the Cities of the upper half is visible, set within a London and Westminster, London, niche, his hands resting on a skull, an 1720 emblem of mortality. Immediately It is possible to hear the bell ring, on below is a long inscription listing his YouTube. Type ‘Ringing the bells charitable deeds with the amounts. of Old Bailey’ in the search box.

November 2019 | S K Y L I N E | 7 Left to right: St Mary le Bow, English bond; St Benet Paul’s Wharf, Flemish Bond; St Anne and St Agnes. Below: St Benet Paul’s Wharf

MICHAEL YOUNG WITH PHOTOS BY THOMAS VOELKER THE HUMBLE BRICK t is usually to the interior of East Anglia where the proximity and other hand. The brick was then laid our delightful City churches trading ties to the Low Countries and tapped into position. Brick sizes I that we pay most attention meant that the wonderful brick were regulated in 1571 but variations when visiting, although most of us do churches there could well have persisted. External brick walls had look up at the tower and spire, and inspired merchants to tell of these to be at least one brick thick (9in) observe the entrance porch and the on their return. Some continental and usually thicker for stability and western, or other principal bricks even made their way across waterproofing. This required bricks elevation(s). In many cases the other the North Sea as ballast in trading to be bonded (the arrangement by elevations are hidden from view by vessels. Immigrants would also have which bricks are laid). In the early other buildings and occasionally are brought brickmaking and laying skills days this was often fairly haphazard inaccessible. In some cases these side with them. Brick was a particularly but gradually a pattern emerged or rear elevations were built pretty attractive building material in those which became known as English Bond roughly because of the proximity and parts of East Anglia where there was where one course (row) of bricks often abutment of adjacent structures. good clay and very little building stone was laid showing the stretcher (long) In other cases, and where these other than flint. Thus brickmaking face of the bricks and the next course secondary elevations are visible, brick started in these parts. showing headers (short) face. Vertical has been employed fairly widely. Traditionally bricks were made joints being staggered. During 17C, Indeed, over half of the City churches from clay, the better ones usually as brick became increasingly popular have exposed brickwork at least on from two different types of clay with especially in the south-east and East these elevations. different properties, one a plastic Anglia, the Flemish Bond, where Brick as a building material has type clay, the other sandy, puddled stretchers and headers alternated in been around for at least 8,000 years (mixed) together, moulded into shape each course, became a regular feature. especially in the West Asiatic countries and then, in our country, for obvious Most of the City churches employ and in Egypt (it is mentioned in reasons, fired in a kiln, not sun dried. Flemish Bond although St Mary Le the Bible – Exodus 5 for example). Brick sizes were not standardised Bow uses English Bond. Flemish In these warmer climes the bricks at this time but averaged 9 x 41/2 x 2ins bond is often thought to be the more were usually sun dried. The Romans basically to facilitate laying and attractive. Bricks were laid in mortar, brought brickmaking to these shores bonding. The 41/2in width was a mix of lime and sand around 1/4in and many of their bricks survive albeit comfortable for the bricklayer to hold thick. in much later structures – the most in his hand, the 9in length allowed When King James VI and I famous probably being the tower of bonding, being twice the width, and came down from Edinburgh in St Alban’s Cathedral. Like so many of the depth was determined by the 1603 he was horrified at the timber the Roman skills, brickmaking was not weight of the brick, so that it could buildings in London which he saw as continued here and did not commence be lifted in one hand whilst it was temporary and a fire risk (Edinburgh again until 13C, predominately in buttered with the mortar using the being predominantly a stone city).

8 | S K Y L I N E | November 2019 Wren and his contemporaries such as Hooke, had to be sparing with Portland stone on the City churches and whilst there are examples of City churches constructed of stone, many use some brick. Several of the churches, especially the cheaper ones, use brick much more extensively such as St Benet Paul’s Wharf. St Anne and St Agnes is a particularly fine example, which also used projecting rubbed brick details. St Andrew by the Wardrobe and St Mary Abchurch are largely brick. Brick was also Left to right: St Mary le Bow, English bond; St Benet Paul’s Wharf, Flemish Bond; St Anne and St Agnes. Below: St Benet Paul’s Wharf used over the years in patch repairs as on the south wall of St Stephen As King of a major trading nation he, introduction of an indentation or Walbrook and in upward extension of like Henry VIII and Queen frog, which was not seen once laid but towers as at St Giles Cripplegate. before him, was concerned about the allowed the depth to increase to 23/4in. Post 17C churches in the City loss of timber from the forests (timber Thus the standard brick became 83/4 x continued to use brick extensively being needed for shipbuilding) and all 41/4 x 23/4 inches, and so it remains to as in All Hallows and this led him to decree that ‘the houses this day albeit recorded in SI (metric) St Botolph Aldgate, whilst even in the in London should have their forefronts units. Various attempts were made at mid 20C the Jewin Welsh Church was built of brick or stone as much for larger bricks especially after the Brick built in brick. decency as to save the wastage of our Tax was introduced in 1784 because Bricks come in a wide variety forests’. the tax was per 1,000 bricks, but these of colours. The colour of the brick The brickmakers were quick to were impractical as they considerably relates to the composition of the clays exploit this and increased their prices slowed down the laying process. that were used, although time and and, sometimes, the size. Whilst After the Fire of London in pollution have often dimmed these length and width remained constant 1666 and the subsequent London colours. The principal colours are for practical reasons, the thickness Building Act of 1667 brick became brown (All Hallows London Wall), could be increased, provided that the principal material in the City for red (St Anne and St Agnes) blue the weight was constant; hence the all but the grandest buildings where (headers in St Benet Paul’s Wharf) stone was still seen to be more yellow (St Mary at Hill). In appropriate. When Wren was some cases walls are stuccoed building St Paul’s Cathedral, (St Clement Eastcheap and the east he needed vast quantities of wall of St Botolph Aldersgate) but Portland stone and thus its use behind the stucco lie bricks, as they was limited on other buildings. often do hidden behind stone facings. He even persuaded William Brick has proved to be an and Mary to have Kensington attractive and durable material that Palace built mainly in brick has stood up well to the pollution it thus starting a fashion for the has suffered in London. It requires material. Brick also had the remarkably little maintenance for advantage of being cheaper such a humble material. Next time you than stone, involved much less Watch in, or visit, a City church spend transportation and bricklayers a few minutes studying the brickwork: earned less than stonemasons. you will be well rewarded. { In London and along the Thames Valley between Tilbury Bibliography and Hayes as well as around Alec Clifton-Taylor, The Pattern of Enfield there were excellent English Building, Faber and Faber, clays for the making of bricks. 1972 On the other hand there was Angelo Hornak, After the Fire: London no good building stone in Churches in the Age of Wren, London, and any used had to Hooke, Hawksmoor and Gibbs, be transported from afar. Pimpernel Press, 2016

November 2019 | S K Y L I N E | 9 ERIC DE BELLAIGUE OVERSEAS CONNECTIONS: NEW WORLD Part 2

ur inventory of church peerage in 1624/5. As George Calvert, connections in the New he had obtained in 1620 from King O World now takes us beyond James I a grant of the Province of St Sepulchre (Skyline August 2019) to Avalon in Newfoundland, carrying five other City churches. We find that extensive privileges and the sonorous the geographic imprint is at its greatest title of Proprietary Governor. After a with the tiny medieval church of substantial outlay, he took his second St Ethelburga. Henry Hudson, having wife and his children to Avalon in been hired by the Muscovy Company 1628. It then does not come as a total of England to find a North Eastern surprise to read that the family had passage via the North Pole to Japan to abandon Avalon, largely ‘because and China, took communion in the of the severity of the winter weather’. church with his crew on 19 April 1607. As Baron Baltimore he had also They were twelve in all, the last being obtained from King Charles i a grant his son, John. The chalice believed to of Maryland, under a charter that have been used on that occasion has established Maryland as a palatinate,

been preserved (see photograph). On giving Baltimore and his descendants INSTITUTE BISHOPSGATE COURTESY PHOTO: 1 May they set sail, returning on rights nearly equal to that of rulers of Hudson window St Ethelburga 15 September, having mapped part of an independent state. the coast of Greenland. This was the George Calvert had converted to Catholicism in 1625. This fed an first of four exploratory journeys, two Chalice believed to have been used ambition to found a colony to serve as of which were focused on a North by Henry Hudson a refuge for English Roman Catholics, Eastern passage (1607 and 1608) and a goal that was to be fully taken up two on a North Western passage to by his sons. Some two months after Asia (1609 and 1610/11). That of 1609 George Calvert’s death, the grant of was under the Dutch flag, being Maryland was duly made out under financed by the Dutch East India the great seal to Cecil Calvert, second Company. The journeys in 1609 and Baron Baltimore, on 20 June 1632. 1610/11 gave rise to such eponymous The foundation of the colony can nominations as the Hudson River, the be said to date from 25 March 1634, Hudson Strait and Hudson Bay – a with the arrival of two ships carrying remarkable instance of a private over 300 settlers under the command individual’s stamping his name on a of Cecil Calvert’s younger brother, vast stretch of land and water. Hudson Leonard Calvert, later to become Bay was to serve as Henry Hudson’s Maryland’s first Colonial Governor. ultimate memorial following a mutiny The settlers were equally divided that saw him with a crew of seven – his between Catholics and Protestants son John included – set adrift in an and occupied land that had been open boat. purchased from the native tribe. St Dunstan in the West marks Baltimore, the largest town in the State the burial place of George Calvert of Maryland, was later named after the (1578/9-1632), created Baron second Baron Baltimore.

Baltimore of Baltimore in the Irish STEPHENSON JUDY PHOTO: At this point, it has to be noted

10 | S K Y L I N E | November 2019 that the Calvert family’s allegiance Postponed each transport to a future to St Dunstan in the West was not state: sustained, thanks to a decisive shift Death raised a barrier to each tender to St Giles in the Fields where the scene, second Lord Baltimore was to be More fatal than the Waves that roll buried in 1675, as were four other between’ members of the family at various dates A reminder of an Atlantic in the 17C and 18C. tragedy is provided in the church In August we explored the early, of St Edmund King and Martyr. not entirely happy, expeditions to In memory of Charles Melville America. Hays, President of the Grand Trunk It is pleasing to be able to add and Grand Trunk Pacific Railway a joyful note on the origins of the Companies of Canada, who lost his life Jamestown Settlement: a small head on April 15th 1912 by the foundering in sculpture in St Bride Fleet Street mid-Atlantic of the Steamship Titanic, represents Virginia Dare, the first through collision with an iceberg, child born in the Americas to English while on her maiden voyage from parents. They had been married in Southampton to New York. A memorial

St Bride in 1585. STEPHENSON JUDY PHOTO: service was held in this church Atlantic crossings were not simultaneously with one in Montreal on { entirely in one direction. The moving Meade memorial in St Botolph Thursday April 25th 1912’. memorial plaque in St Botolph Aldersgate Aldersgate records the death of ‘Miss Sources Catherine Mary Meade, Daughter of the Atlantic Ocean.) Dictionary of National Biography, 2004 George Meade Esq of Philadelphia Transferred from Pennsylvania’s B R Leftwich, A Short History and who departed this Life the 18th day of friendly coast, Guide to the Guild Church of St January 1790 in the 21st Year of her A Father’s Blessing and a Mother’s Ethelburga, 1957 Age’. (Artistic licence seems to have Boast; J R Satterthwaite, St Dunstan in the given the land-locked state access to On Albion’s sea-girt Shore, an early fate, West, 1959 · TONY TUCKER’S THE FONT IN ST point of view), Gayer gave a font to TREASURES the church and also initiated the Lion NO 39 KATHARINE CREE Sermon, which is still preached on, or close to, 16 October every year. St Katharine Cree is an unusual City The font and font cover are quite church in that it is the only one built different in style from those of the between the in the mid- Wren period in so many City churches, 16c and the Great Fire, a hundred but they are quite elegant and the font and thirty or so years later. Originally has an eight-sided bowl which bears a parish church attached to the painted heraldic cartouches featuring nearby Holy Trinity Priory, it became the coat of arms of Sir John Gayer, who an independent parish church in the became Lord Mayor in 1646, resting on early 15c. The body of the church was a four-sided base with Ionic capitals rebuilt in 1628 (alongside the existing and scrolls. medieval tower) and was consecrated For many years, the view of the by Archbishop Laud in 1631. interior of the church was spoiled One of the church’s famous patrons by the cheap offices installed along was Lord Mayor Sir John Gayer who, in both sides of the nave, but, since their 1643, was travelling across Syria when removal, it has been possible to admire he encountered a lion. In fear for his the spectacular architecture of this life, Gayer fell to his knees in prayer and, lovely church in all its glory and to miraculously, was spared any harm. inspect the many fine monuments and In thanks for this divine intervention furnishings of which the Gayer font is (or piece of luck, depending on your one. {

November 2019 | S K Y L I N E | 11 JAMES LOVELY ROYAL FUSILIERS’ CHAPEL Anyone visiting St Sepulchre without Newgate will probably wander down and around the south aisle and wonder at the names and details of the many soldiers carved in the wooden panelling on the south wall. They are the names of men of the Royal Fusiliers who have passed away. Philip Surey carving names During the autumn of each GUY-BRISCOE JUDY PHOTO: JAMES LOVELY PHOTO: year a few more names are added three other regiments in 1968 to form family, whether to be included or not in readiness for blessing at the the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers. At and if so, where on the panelling and subsequent Remembrance Day service present only those serving in the what the wording should be. Clearly, in November. Many of those named regiment at the time or having served those eligible for inclusion are getting died on active service whilst others before the amalgamation are eligible older and the numbers decreasing but passed away in old age. to be remembered in the chapel. Those I’m assured that there is enough space Only members of the Royal joining the amalgamated Regiment for the remaining eligible soldiers. { Fusiliers can have their name and after 1968 are ineligible. My thanks to Colonel Mike Dudding details entered on to a panel. After Not every fusilier is of the Royal Fusiliers, for assistance in being in existence for 283 years the commemorated in this way as the final preparing this article. regiment was amalgamated with choice lies with the individual and his email [email protected]

and Classical elements blend as City churches exert BOOK REVIEW mmmmm their medieval ground plans and partial influences with Italian, French Renaissance learning and native invention, THE ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS OF SIR CHRISTOPHER while aiming at a consensual design for each locus – site, WREN AT ALL SOULS COLLEGE, situation, emblem, symbol. BY ANTHONY GERAGHTY Anthony Geraghty’s studies included history of 296 pages, Lund Humphries (Ashgate Press) 2007 architecture at the Courtauld Institute of Art where ISBN: 9780754640714 Professor Kerry Downes studied and taught. Geraghty then wrote his PhD at Cambridge on the rebuilding of This review has been included as the book is important the City churches after the Great Fire. His catalogue as a and relevant. Its published price is such that we expect whole aims to show how Wren went about designing one Friends to be glad to consult it at the Barbican Library or of the largest cathedrals in Europe, some fifty churches, . ed numerous royal buildings and not a few country houses. This is a complete catalogue which provides colour In addition to commentary on the drawings, he gives reproductions of all 484 drawings in the collection at the first detailed account of Wren’s office practice and the Codrington Library. Drawings were produced in a full reference for all the drawings by a concordance Wren’s Office of Works, Scotland Yard by himself, Sir John showing in three columns (a) this full catalogue (b) the Vanbrugh, Nicholas Hawksmoor, and various assistants, Wren Society published drawings and (c) references as and craft workers in stone or wood. the same were previously folio bound in the Codrington His Surveyorship at St Paul’s Cathedral, commissioned Library. Anthony Geraghty is Professor in the History of Art 30 July 1669 is covered by this catalogue raisonné from at York University. Friends should be aware that some 226 1663 to 1722. It was previously published as a hand list other drawings apparently made in the site office at St by the Wren Society Annual vol.20 (1943) with selected Paul’s Cathedral (hence referred to as St Paul’s Collection) illustrations in black and white. are kept in the Guildhall lma. An online catalogue by Over 70 sheets relate to the City churches, yet Gordon Higgott is available at www.stpauls.co.uk/history- some 400 more widely cover Renaissance and Baroque collections/the-collections/architectural-archive/wren- architecture in Britain. There are drawings in which Gothic office-drawings COLIN BROOKING {

12 | S K Y L I N E | November 2019 MUSIC FRIEND BRIAN EVANS ‘A GLORIOUS TEMPLE RISE . . .’ en sit together at prayer in an upper room as in Presbyterian, historically Calvinistic Methodist), the St Luke’s Gospel, but this is a yard in 1660s City Temple (United Reform Church) and the Scots’ City M London: a timber merchant perhaps, a school Presbyterian Church St Botoloph Aldersgate – whereas teacher and a local butcher – men who had supported the there were 85 nonconformist meeting places identified in Fraternities and sought lecturers to fill the post- Roque’s 1747 map of London, Westminster and Southwark, Reformation preaching vacuum. Until 1689, early of which 37 were in the City: 6 Baptist, 12 Independent, 15 nonconformists could worship openly only if a Licence had Presbyterian, 2 Quaker and 2 Methodist. Some were led by been obtained under a Declaration of Indulgence by the same minister, but the figures remain striking. Charles ii in 1672, when he needed Parliamentary support. Sometimes after the Civil War nonconformists were Clandestine worship (a conventicle) was vigorously drawn into local conflicts but by 18C were referred to as prosecuted. the business class at prayer. Nonconformists raised the Of the 70 or so City ministers ejected at the Restoration, spiritual life of the nation. The politically led complacency several came to lead Licensed Congregations. They of the Georgian Church was reflected in the popular included Joseph Caryl, formerly of St Magnus the Martyr sermon of Archbishop John Tillotson ‘His Commandments and licensed in Leadenhall Street, and William Jenkin from are not Grievous’. However, it will be clear from hymnals Christ Church and licensed in Aldersgate. Finally, with today, that it was the work of 18C men like Isaac Watts and William and Mary, came the 1689 Act of Toleration: then Charles Wesley that has had the greatest effect: authors could the ‘Glorious Temple’ of Robert Wild (1609-1679) of the dissenters’ powerful engine in the struggle for rise from his epitaph of Edmund Calamy, who had fought congregational singing. Those two have already featured for an episcopacy embracing nonconformists. Nevertheless, in Skyline, but not the man who showed them the way: it would be over 100 years more before they could stand for Benjamin Keach (1640-1704). We venture south across the state or municipal office. Thames to find him.

‘O For a Thousand Tongues…’ ‘Salem’s Plains’ Today in the City, apart from the Calvinist Dutch Church Today, the City’s Bridge Ward Without (now joined with at Austin Friars and the Lutheran Church at St Mary at Hill Bridge Ward) extends no further south than the span of (so-called Stranger Churches), only three regular Protestant London Bridge, but until 1978 the City’s writ ran far wider. congregations meet beyond the established Church In his 1598 Survey of London, John Stow defined the Ward, of England. They are the Jewin Welsh Church (Welsh then the 26th in number, as including land now at the southern piers of London and Tower bridges, and beyond. In short, the Borough of Southwark in the County of Surrey and ‘a ward of London without the walls’. To the west had stood the stew-houses of medieval towns with exhaustive rules ‘for the repair of incontinent men to the like women’, condemned in 1546 as common brothels. Eastwards, tidal Thames waters had created fine grazing land and small creeks from which timber could be landed to yards alongside. The Old English name of this latter area was ‘Horseidune’ meaning dry higher ground in marshland, but by late 17C it was known as Horselydown. Few traces of that name remain, but in 1747 Rocque lists eight meeting places in the vicinity. Six were Baptist, perhaps because of the proximity of the river, which facilitated the total immersion, which many sought. Keach, born in Buckinghamshire, arrived here after ten years’ Evangelical Baptist preaching around his native county and having survived the pillory and prison. In London he became a Particular Baptist, who followed Calvin’s view that only chosen individuals were destined for salvation. The General Baptists, from whom they had broken away in 1638, †

November 2019 | S K Y L I N E | 13 TONY KING the names of these four. Martha, the eldest, died at 10 years old, having seen the death of all three of PRIVATEER AND PERJURER – her siblings when infants. She was boarded at Stratford by Bow and BOTH LORD MAYORS developed an abscess. O writes ‘He [Perchard] asked me to take a chaise. There are two memorials to Lord merchant ships returning from the The people seemed monsters for not Mayors once buried in St Mary West Indies. France was an ally of the discerning her malady, for neglecting Abchurch. American colonies at that time, with her after they did know it, and for not which Britain was having difficulties. sending an express (to her father) the PETER PERCHARD O had moment she complained. This girl (c 1729 -1806) literary grew excessively attached to me, after ou will have walked on his pretensions being the instrument of her liberation.’ simple ledger stone on and describes In spite of procuring the best Y entering the church. It has an attack by the advice, her decline came rapidly on. O only minimal details of his life and privateers led continues in his most heart-wrenching family. For these we rely on a long by Perchard. style: ‘I invented tales to entertain reminiscence in the Gentleman’s ‘All ready, her, and she would rest her faded but Magazine of 1834, written by O, who a crew of beautiful face and its golden locks had been taken into Perchard’s office resolute fellows not to be baffled and upon my shoulder, till she at length directly from school in about 1775. He knowing and valuing life hardly at could not be moved from the pillow of remembers Perchard ‘was handsome, a pin’s fee, knowing every inch of death’. Over-sentimental to our ears, he had a commanding mien, and the French coast. Silent and dark as and predating the death of Little Nell features repulsive, though prominent the night they lay low in the water. in The Old Curiosity Shop. and well-turned’. Make of that what Every shot they fired into the French There is a happier memory, you can. vessels, heavily laden, took effect. They possibly of Martha. When a sturgeon Perchard became a privateer boarded the enemy usually with little was brought to her father, as based on Guernsey, where he was loss of life and limb.’ Perchard made a Conservator of The Thames, having born, and obtained letters of Marque considerable fortune and with careful paid five guineas, the fee usually paid and Reprisal. These, issued by the investment became a rich goldsmith. to whomever caught the Royal fish, Admiralty, allowed him to intercept The stone in St Mary Abchurch she asked for it to be released. Two ships as a private citizen and benefit records that four of the Perchard days later, a fisherman brought a fish from the sale of the vessel and its children, they had six in all, are buried to the mayor, who, to maintain the contents. He bought a lugger, armed it with their parents. A memorial in dignity of his office, paid a further five with cannon and preyed upon French St Pierre du Bois, Guernsey records guineas. He discovered a tag attached

† followed the Arminian belief in general salvation. The two former chapel. His hymns preceded Watts’ work by 30 groups merged in 1891. years. Goat Yard, Horselydown, was Keach’s meeting place from 1668, sometimes in private houses nearby ‘Keach, Our Keach is dead’ but taking advantage In 1733, to accommodate an increasing population, a new of the Declaration of church St John was built for Horselydown. It suffered badly Indulgence in 1672, he in WW2, and has been absorbed into St Mary Magdalene, built a chapel said to Bermondsey Street, historically linked with the dissolved have accommodated Cluniac Priory of Bermondsey, and is also one of the 1,000! Attitudes to music parishes of Stow’s Bridge Ward Without. There is no trace, in Baptist services were however, of the Dipping Place or Baptisterion, but for one mixed. The General anonymous 18C writer ‘Death Boasts Keach’s Triumph’. { Baptists in particular called metrical psalm Sources and further reading singing ‘carnall formalities’, but one Particular Baptist D W Music, ‘Baptist Church Music’ in New Grove defined singing as a ‘Gospell Ordinance’. Keach introduced Dictionary of Music and Musicians 2nd edition, his first hymns in 1676 under the title of War with the Macmillan, London 2001 Powers of Darkness. His finest collection emerged in 1691: J H Plumb, England in the Eighteenth Century, Pelican, 1965 Spiritual Melody, and that year as many as 30 Particular John Stow, A Survey of London 1598 Baptist congregations were singing. Keach lies near his W T Whitley, The Baptists of London, Kingsgate Press, 1928

14 | S K Y L I N E | November 2019 to it, reading ‘Peter Perchard, Mayor’. Patience, standing high on a triangle this and knowing his religious views, As all his daughters were either of stone. There are urns, cherub heads he may well have suggested and dead or adult by the time he became and carved decoration. All a fine certainly, supported it. Lord Mayor, this charming story is conceit befitting his former status. In response to this, the apocryphal and already part of an Ward went up to Cambridge in following was written: hagiography. 1643, but claimed to have gained little That sniffling whig-mayor We get a vivid picture of the man benefit from the experience. After an Patience Ward, in the reminiscence. Plain living and eight-year apprenticeship, he became To the damn’d lie had such regard. disliking anything fancy. ‘He ate well, a Freeman of the Merchant Taylors’ That he had his godly masons sent, roast and boiled, and abhorred trashy Company, but did not take up his T’ engrave it round the Monument. entremets and kickshaws’. livery. A record of 1663 indicates They did so, but let such things When a relative visited in a he had been admonished several pass, carriage ‘Seeing the cocked hats and times and was now threatened with His men were fools, and He an ass. shoulder knots, bouquets and canes an appearance before the Court of This short verse is far more fun of the footmen, he used to vent his Aldermen. The matter was settled by than a congratulatory poem on Ward spleen with “Well, for my part, this payment of £50. These little difficulties becoming Lord Mayor by W W. It fellow will certainly come upon the did not stop Ward’s becoming Master grinds on for an interminable number parish” and snatching up his own hat of the Company in 1671. From of lines; its quality can be judged by and cane, walk out of the house, that this date he moved increasingly the first two. his very soul might not be sickened by into politics and came into contact As when Ambassadors from the fripperies.’ You can see him, scarlet and sometimes friction with the Princes come, with suppressed fury, slamming the aristocracy and royalty. We all by custom from our houses back door and disappearing, huffing In spite of these problems, he was run. and puffing, so as not to meet his wife’s elected Sheriff in 1670 and Alderman The Monument’s extra line cousin. of the Ward of Farringdon Within, was removed in 1831 at the time of Domestically, all was not always later in the same year. In 1675 he was Catholic emancipation. harmonious for him: ‘His sister came knighted by Charles ii. In 1683, Ward became caught up sometimes to visit the house, but Ward became Lord Mayor in a case against the Duke of York, his wife and she did not agree and in 1680, but had gained Royal which was tried under Judge Jeffreys, there was not uncommonly some displeasure and Charles refused to the Hanging Judge. The Duke was Norman blood between them, not attend his accused of being involved in The Fire apt to be sweetened when the ear of installation. of London. Ward had earlier in his Mr P admonished him to go up and This was life attempted three times to stop the compose the strife.’ of great Duke’s becoming a successor to the A widower when he became Lord magnificence monarch on the grounds that he had Mayor, his daughter, Rachel, acted and paid become a Catholic. Unsurprisingly as Lady Mayoress. Peter died on 21 for by the then, Ward was found guilty of January 1806, ten weeks after the end Merchant perjury and fled to Holland with his of his mayoralty. Taylors. The wife Elizabeth, whom he had married Other members of the Perchard crowd was entertained by ‘artfull in 1653. She died there, childless, on family were buried in St Mary. His pieces of architecture and rural Christmas Eve 1685, and is buried uncle Matthew, like Peter, a resident of dancing’ then the festive tone was in Amsterdam. He only returned to Abchurch Lane, has a wall monument lowered by songs entitled In praise London in 1689, after the Duke, who and floor slab and left £30,000 in his of the Merchant Taylors, Protestants’ had become James ii, had quit the will. A further stone to other relatives Exhortation and the plotting Papists’ throne. is in the middle of the church. Liturgy. Spirits then revived on seeing Under William, he returned to a tent lined with ermine, a camel on favour, but then his career waxed and SIR PATIENCE WARD each side, each ridden by a richly waned, until his death in 1696. { (1629-96) dressed Indian – the Arms of the Dictionary of National Biography, n contrast to the modest Merchant Taylors. 1895-1900 memorial of Perchard, his On the North panel of the The Gentleman’s Magazine, January I predecessor has the finest Monument is a description of the 1825 and March 1832 memorial in the church. At the end of progress of the Fire. When Ward was London and Paris Observer, Vol 13, the South aisle, it partially blocks the Lord Mayor a final line was added 1837 East window. Two putti, one weeping, which read, ‘But Popish frenzy, which Charles Welch (ed), History of the mourn his passing, and sit below a wrought such horrors, is not yet Monument, Lands Committee, female figure, possibly the Virtue, quenched’. He must have known of City of London, 1893

November 2019 | S K Y L I N E | 15 Diary

altered since Wren and his Advance notification of March 1 Saturday 16 November 7 Thursday 16 January friend last saw Events – full details in February 10.15 for 11 & 1.30 for 2 10.45 for 11 it), and Melba Coombs City Churches St Mary le Bow with its iconic 11 Thursday 5 March fundraising walk Collection 1 bells. 10.45 for 11 (see Noticeboard) Walk with Kelly Coburn Meet Blackfriars Station TfL Visit to Fenton House, Meet St Mary Abchurch This is a new cycle of guided ticket hall, blue column £10 per person at the door walks from Six in the City (see £9 per person £14 per person (there is no time to book) Noticeboard). This first covers St Michael Paternoster Royal, 10 Wednesday 26 February 12 Tuesday 10 March 2 Tuesday 26 November and 10.45 for 11 2 for 2.30 2 for 2.15 St Mary Aldermary. God and Mammon Talk by Dr Michael Hebbert St Peter Cornhill and Meet Mansion House station Walk with Jill Finch £10 per person Garlick Hill exit crawl on This walk looks at how religion £9 per person 13 Wednesday 18 March with Judy Stephenson and money have always gone hand-in-hand in the Square Mile. 10.45 for 11 Another gentle exploration 8 Monday 10 February Meet Liverpool Street Station, City Churches Collection 3 taking in 1.45 for 2 Kindertransport statue opposite Walk with Freda Dahl-Nielsen Meet St Michael Cornhill Fishmongers’ Hall & McDonald’s £9 per person £9 per person St Magnus the Martyr £9 per person Visit with guided tour. The 3 Wednesday 20 November 12th in our ongoing series. The BRIAN EVANS 5.45 for 6 grand Fishmongers’ Hall was Melba Coombs rebuilt in 1831 on the approach REQUIEM AETERNAM fundraising to ‘new’ London Bridge. It is full The lives of two men, with very different roots in the City of Recital by Iúnó Connolly of rare treasures. After the tour London were celebrated in September. we shall visit the sumptuous St Mary Abchurch At St Sepulchre without Newgate in a Promenaders’ £20 per person Wren church of St Magnus the Martyr. Service of Thanksgiving and Reflection at the End of the Season, thanks were given for Sir Henry Wood on the 75th Meet Fishmongers’ Hall, London 4 Wednesday 27 November anniversary of his death. The vicar, The Revd David Ingall, 10 for 10.30 Bridge £20 per person reminded the congregation that Sir Henry was assistant Watchers’ meeting organist at the church at the age of 14. He drew attention to St Mary at Hill 9 Thursday 13 February the St Cecilia window in the Musicians’ Chapel portraying 10.45 for 11 Wood at the organ and in his immensely more famous role 5 Monday 9 December City Churches of founding conductor of the Proms. Robert Alderman, 2.45 for 3 Collection 2 for the Promenaders, pointed to the John Masefield poem FCC Carol Service quoted there: ‘At this man’s hand a million hearers caught Walk with Caroline Powell The celebrant will be the Revd an echo of the music’. A sentiment which was beautifully The second of these walks Fr Timothy Handley SSC; the mirrored in Heinrich Schutz’ setting of Psalm 149 Cantate takes in St Andrew by the organist Paul Gobey; the choir Domino, ‘let the congregation of saints praise him’, sung by Wardrobe, St Benet Paul’s the Hatcham Consort from Wharf, the Welsh Church (little the choir of St Sepulchre, directed by Peter Asprey. Haberdashers’ Aske’s College The service, primarily attended by Promenaders and with music director Emily Booking for all events Friends of the Musicians’ Chapel, ended with the laying of a Segal. except item 1 is essential. chaplet of oak leaves where Sir Henry’s ashes are buried. St Michael Paternoster Royal Some days earlier, the family and friends of Terry Please use the form. £5 per person Barber met for a Requiem Eucharist of Thanksgiving at The draw for all to mark his sudden and greatly 6 Wednesday 11 December events will be held on mourned death. Terry’s face was familiar to many as Verger, 10.45 for 11 Wednesday Server, Watcher or guide (at 2 Temple Place). The vicar The St Stephen Walbrook 13 November Revd Stephen Baxter, acknowledged Terry’s early guidance and crawl on Please remember to to him, while The Revd Jim Rosenthal hoped he would ‘My mistake, Mary – they don’t have with Judy Stephenson include an sae and allow ‘sort out’ all those heavenly vergers! The English Chamber a manger for our baby’ Another gentle hour a generous week for your Choir, under Guy Protheroe, sang Haydn’s Jugendmesse Meet St Stephen Walbrook tickets to arrive and Beati Quorum Via by Stanford, ‘Blessed are they whose £9 per person road is straight’.

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