pue e^ltulrlEnb)sJetccr?qr 1urr6o1oqfuoruorte11 seJlpreqr lucrSoloqdroruo.rcrrus^rlutrlurnb -+o srs^lpu?pelslep JoJuesoqa crcA\ exel eseql.]o (elqrllp^I] elaq,n) sueulceds e,rrluluasalder ueJ pxel osJqlJosnlels eqt uo suorsrJapJno JoJ srsuq aql p.ulro-lsueurrteds3o iurl.ros-al luenbasqns pue uxel eseql.+ouorlJadsur esoJJ axelolur pauos ,{;leuorsr,ro:d ata,n HD pu€V uro.rjsuourrcds szr7lao71rr7.r 'SUO '/t\SN "Lll 'OH 'VNC 'BNVJ 'lug 'CV lue odlur ,{llpcuolsrqpuD pun I IIUEd l ErJeqJeq 't:t1r'tg eqt,{q pl.tJ suer|Jrredssnt11uo11it7 4 a'qt 1o suorgodo.rd1ue:rr;tuirg lc.'uotlnztuDFtO puo Sulldtaos

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(/66t) t9t-l i(Z)tI uslInN 148 NuytsiaVol. ll, No 2 (1997) quantitative,e.g. leaflength) wcrc scorcdin all availablematerial. Selectionofthe tenspecimcns fbr studywas basedon specimenquality in termsof the amountand numbcrof developmentalstages displayed.

A DELTA (DallwitzI 980;Dallwitz eral. I 993)list of3 95 characters and their states has been crcated by the authorsfbr the (Bruhl & I{unterunpublished). This was used to scoreattributes measuredin selectedspecimens, together with thosemeasured in all availablematerial.

Freshmaterial was uscd rvhcrc possiblc, but in mostinstances floral measurcments were bascd on re-hydratedmaterial. Mature leaves only rvereused tbr scoringleafcharactcrs.

Terminologt. For purposesof consistencyacross the membersof the Phyllantheae.the pcrianth segmentsof Pr.),1/.rrlrr-rare refeffed to as sepals. Fuflher developmentalinvestigations need to bc carriedout to contirnrthis interyretation (Webster pers. comm.).

'l'erm inology fbr seedsurf'ace characters fbllows thatofStearn ( 1992).A borderedh ilum is indicated by a discolouredand oftenraised region surrounding the hilum. This characteris mostobvious in Phyllanthtrs.;/uernroiril l;. Muell.(see Hunter& Bruhl 1996:Figurc lA, C).

'branch Thereare somctimes differences between the lcaves ofbranches, ref-erred to as leaves',and 'branchlet thoseon ultimatebranchlets referred to as leaves'.Phyllanthoid branching is indicatedby a rcductionof the leaf that subtendsa branch/branchletto a scale-iikestructure, as illustratedby Webster( i970). Branchlcavcs cxhibiting intcrmediate reduction insize, butstillclearly laminatc, are 'reduced'. re1'erredto as Carcshould bc takenwhere leaves may have fallen, to checktbr a leafscarwh ich 'fhe 'prom will alwaysbe present. term inulous' is asgiven by Steam( I 992).

Citdtion. I'ypespecimens ofall relevanttaxa have been seen by oncor bothofthe authors, unless stated othcrlvisc.Photographs of type specimensexamincd at BM and K are held at NE, togetherwith photographstakcn oftypc specimcnson loanto NE.

A list of all specimensstudied will be depositcdat NIl. An lN'IKEY datasetfor interactive identificationwill be madeavailable on completionofour studyofthc AustralianPhyllantheae.

Taxonomy l. Phyllanthusaridus Bcnth, Il. Austral.6: I l0 (1873).Zlpe: NorthernAustralia, Barren Shores of BrunsrvickBay andPort Warrender. Vansitta Bay,N.W.Coast,,1. Cunninghon (holo: K).

Phyllanthuspolyclt:Lcftlr W. Fitzg. nom. illeg. non I'. polycladus Urb., Symb. Antill. l: 333 (1898) - P.hesperonotosGot acds & Radcl.-Sm.,Kcu,Bull.51 : 177 ( 1995).71pe:Edkins Range, Western Australia, August1905, W.V. Fitzgerald 1437 (/ro1o: NSW).

Phyllanthussp. C,W hceleret r.rl, Flora ofthc KimberleyRegion 624 ( 1992).

Distfibution. Phyllqnlhus uridus occurschiefly in the Kimbcrley region of WestemAustralia, but is 'l also known from sporadiclocalities south of Darwin in the Northern effitory. '\HI)J] u sta.t,tog '9661 'uoge,re1:(UfUea) 'uorpls deg ISOZa eS0Z6radr S'8861 ,{lnf tZ sJJllJallq\:(HJUgd)69209E 'pJoJ.+rlJ ar./a€S 1,^[r[pleqq]rM sarlrleco; asrcordl VI'IVUISnV NU:llsglypautMDXa suawt2ads

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snqtuDlllql lo srrr.ds ^\.N lqrug ff z, rilunlt .t..t NuytsiaVol. il. No.2 (1997)

Flowering and fruiting period. Aprrl.

Conservationstatus. A RO'I'AP code (Briggs & Leigh 1988)of2EC-Y is suggested.The speciesis at presentonly known ftom thc type locality.

Etymologt. In refercnce to th€ habit of the whole as it projects horizontally from sandstone outcrops.

Notes. Phyllanthuscauticald ts ]lnrsual in having elongatedfruits andseeds, characte'S of I'lryllanthus in Australia that are otherwiseonly known from P. exlli.r. Thescaltributes are similar to thosescen in Saaropas,however, a floral disk confirms the inclusion of P. cauticolain PnyLllanllrar.The scedof P. cauticolqis unusualin beingbi-colourous, a statenot seenin othermembers of the .

,1.* debilis Klein ex Willd., Sp. Pl.4: 582 (1805). Iype: Ph.Niruri proxim Fankerb, 9 JanIuary]1199 (holo:BM).

PlryllanthusleaiS.Moore, J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 45: 217 (1920). Zype: North Australia, June-July 1 886, T.S.Lea(holo:BM).

Distrihution. This tropical rveedhas a sporadicand disjunct distributionwithin Australia. It is known tiom Darwin, and Kakadu National Park in the Nofthem Teritory and from the Torres Strait lslands, I'ownsvilleand Mackay in Queensland.

Notes. Phyllanthus debllls is probably native to tropical Asia (Airy Shaw 1980).Until now P. r/elllls has not been recognizedas occurringin Australia.Most collectionsof this specieshave been misidentified as/. azarls Schum. Plryllanthusdebiliscan be readily distinguishedfrom,P. amarasby the possessionof six sepalsrather than five.

Basedon herbariumcollection s, P. debi/rs appears to havebeen introduced into Australiatwice. The earliestknown coilectionfrom Australiais the type specimen ofP. ieai, 1886from Darwin. No more specimensofP. debilis appearto havebccn madeuntil 1980,when it was againcollected in Darwin.

5. Phyflanth us eutaxioidesS. Moore, J. L inn.Soc. Bot. 45: 2 l6 (1920). Type:East Coast [.rrc], R. B/o nr? 3611(holo:BM\.

Phyllanthussp. Golden Sands,Dunlop e1.rl, Flora ofthe Daruin Region2: 233 ( 1995).

Distribution. Plryllanthuseutaxioide.r is restrictedto the Darwin Rcgion andthe Gove Peninsulaofthe Northern Territory.

No/es. Although the rlameP. eutaxiaidesis yalid, it seemsnotto havebeen used within Australia other 'Golden thanin Moore'soriginal designation. Dunlop el. al ( 1995) havereferred to thisspecies as P. Sands' in the "Flora ofthe Darwin Region". Phylldnthuseutqxioides isvariable and appearsto have threevariants: one (e.g. DNA 24813;DNA 24814)has larger stipules and leaves than the type variant, anda discthat is more inflated;another (e. g. DNA 5731; DNA 944O:M8L226369) differs from the type variantin beingpapi llose to scabrouson the stems andleaves. In boththese variants the antherfilaments are not fully fused,whife they are in the type variant. For illustrationsofP. eutaxioidessee Dunlop 'GoldenSands']. et.dl. (1995)lasP. Furtherstudiesofthis complexare warranted. (VNq:opLl) OZuDatt13t1114 g'ltoytal u.req-ro5i'[p1aqqt1n,(gr1eco1 esrcerd] e?pdea :sndtr1

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sltqturtlq,t to.rD:Lir nr1 tq|liu tI t irlunH ft Nu)tsir Vol ll, No 2 (lqq7)

Monoecious.4er6. Brunchlets pel-sistent, angulaf to ellipsoid,slightly winged, 0.6-1.7 cm long, 0.3-0.6mm wide,glabrous. .llrpales persistent, free, 0.5-0.7 mm long,red-brown, ovate to triangular, chartaceous,entire, glabrous;base cordate to amplexicaul;apex acuteto acuminalc. Branch leaves ttot'nral.Brqnchlet ledver alternate, distichous,.jointed, brown when dry or remaining green,symmetrical, planetoconcave. 0.3-0.8 mm long,0.l-0.4 mmwide, glabrous. Lamina5-8.8 mm long.2.4-4.8mm wide, elliptic,circular to obovate,light-green, paler below, pinnately veined, adaxially promincntly veined,abaxially prominulous, glabrous; base symmetrical, rounded to obtuse;apex erect, ecaudate, obtuseto rounded,mucronate; margins plane, thickened; m idribabaxially raised with 4-8 raised parallel lateralvcins per side,rvith marginal loops. Brqctsand brqcteolesdeciduous, glabrots. Inflorescences at feastsometimes bisexualwith the sexesmixed, indeterminate,axillary, sessile.Male.flowers solitary or sometimesclustered,2-5 per clustcr; ped icels 0.4- L2 mm long,glabrous; sepals 6, free,ascending to divergent,0.3-0.7mm long,0.2-0.5mm wide, themarginsare sometimes lobcd once on cach sidc (hastate), whiteto yellow,elliptic, circular, to ovatc,obtuse and acute, glabrous; disk comprising discrete lobes, 0.2-0.4mm wide.lobes lenticular; 2-3, I -whorled,erect; filaments free to connatefor about half theirlength, ercct, terete,0.1-0.3 mm long;anthers extrorse, divaricate, ellipticto circular,0.1-0.2 mm long. FemaleJlowers solitary or sometimesclustered, 1-2 per cluster;pedicels jointed, at anthesis 0.3-1.1 mm long,0. I -0.2mm wide,in fiuit l -2.7mm long,0. I -0.2mm wide,glabrous; sepals f'ree, 6, 0.3-0.5mm long,0.2-0.3mm wide,elliptjc to ovate,at anthesis asccnding to divergent,in fruitdivcrgent to reflexed,white, green to ycllow,with a distinctwhite margin, obtusc to acute,glabrous; disk crenate, 0.4-0.6mm wide,glabrous; styles 3, frce,divided for halformore oftheir length, divergentto recuryed. yellow to green,0.2-0.3 mm long,0.I -0.2mm wide,nanow-terete, glabrous, branches linear; ovary 0.2-0.5mm long,0.3-0.7 mm wide,transversely ellipsoid and apically depressed, smooth, glabrous. Frilll a capsule,septicidal, transversely ellipsoid and apically depressed, 0.8-0.9 mm long,I .5-1 .8 mm wide, yellow-brown.red-brown to green,cafiilaginous, smooth, glabrous, grooved septicidally; column 'lanceolate', persistent,angu lar-ovoid to 0.3-0.5mm long.S'eeds pallid-brown to red-brown,prismatic, laterallycompressed, 0.6-0.7 mm long,0.5-0.7 mm wide,granulatc;hilum slightly depressed, circularto ovate,cavity morc or lessbasal. (Figure lG,H)

Selectedspecimens examined. NORTHERN IERRITORY lpreciseJocalities withheldl: Munmalary Station,P.K 1-o1?3 890 (DNA); Kapalga,C. M Lltightman2\(DNA); Berry Springs,M O. Parker 739 (DNA); HaywardCreek,l.D. Cowie 1202 & G..LLeac h (DNA).

Distribution.Known from a fcw isolatedlocalities rvithin Kakadu National Park and around Darrvin. NorthernTerritory.

Habitqt. Known from sedgelandand damp places within savannawoodland.

Flowering andJiuiting period. April to May.

Consenati.)nstdtus. A RO I AP code(Briggs & Leigh 1988)of2EC-N is suggestcd.

Elynolog,,. The specificepithet ref'ers to the obviouslyprominulate veins on the leaves.

'lhe Notes. Phyllanthusvirgatus complexis morphologicallysimilarto P.pronirzlalzs, from rvhich it canreadily be distinguishedby its distinctive,delicate and prominulous leaves.

9. Phyllanthusscaber Klotzsch, Pl. Preiss l;179(1845). Trpe: In litorerupestripromontorii Cape Riche, 18 Novfember]1840 , Prei,ss1200 (holo:K). (Figure I l-K) ';uol 'ee{ '9 '5uo1 elrq,\\'i)pl,r ruru S 0-2 0 Lurug 0-f 0 !ue8re^rpot Surpuerw sl€das:sno:qel8 ruu y g- 1 9 'peJelsnlr 'srseqlus slacrped:relsnlJ rod Z-l seturleuos$uel le va$oL[ a]o4 allssasosl,rueqlo lu 's;e,$o[t 's.lt;ur 8uo1tuur6g-3 9 sluLueJuo {luo lalJunpaJ F,Jel1r.xe'llpumuo}cput lelstpqlt,,lr stalq]up.rq 'lenxasrun 'snonprccp satua:>sa;oglul snorqelS s'apapDtq puo s/:nrg7 sdool leur8reruq1r,,n sure,t 'elDlnras Ierel?lL-E qtr,r pasrEJ,{llErxeqEquprur :eu€ld ol alprrassur8reur isnolluc 11DLus DqlrA\'eluuorJnLtl 'pepuno.l 'elnc€'ell?pnule 'lre:a 'onbrlqo lo esnlqo xede:clecunc o1 pcpunor n seurlculoscseq :sulc^ io[Btuoql Suole snorqDJs salllr]aruos soAealra?uno( qlr,lrluacserqDlS ol snoJqalS 'snolnu[uo.rd f;lerxeqa 'peure^ 'Mo1cq 'ueer8-prtU'etD^o 'eprM 'Auol ,{leleuurd reled ol ;uolqo urLu9-L l :U]trJZl-Z g auiwD'l 'snorqnlS'cpr,a\ 'Euol '1ecrr1eruu,{s'pelurol'snoqcrlstp 'e1eura11e ruu t 0- 1 0 urLrr L 0-a Oa[)t la.] cueld 'u^\oJq-pl1led'selecs 'ezrs ta^nalplq)uD.lU snorqplA fq pepuelqnseJl? seqcuEtq Jaddn urpof,npeJ tou eru1nq rcue;eeddu ur elu^o,{lpeorq clE leqt se^eel peUrporu Suueeq seqcueJq eql qlr,r e{rl-elecs ol eIrl -Jpcl 'pep 'elDcurul 'elDl€tul pacnpersrdra/ q)uo,tg ?lnxexede'.etEDr3€s ol eluploc unol esuq:snolqu 16 'uISrDu ol cJuue ellq^\lcullslp ? qlr/,$ 'snoueJqruaru 'ioln;u€r! ol elu^o'elEloaJuul 'lurd ol usejl '3uol 'eer.I'luclsrs;ed 'apr,r '8uo1 ruru/ l-t 0 sa7rd45s,rol lDurpnlrEuolur asollrdedo1 snorqulS ruur7'9-7 6 rrlJf-l'.paqqrJ'pcuJeUotprosdrlle'luef\sre\laalq?uDtg ll?tvt I Oot'qhq prr.1r1,snotc.ouol^l

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tnqtuDll^qd .lo siJrr.qs ^\rN lqrug f t T, rilunH .L t Nuyrsiavol. ll, No. 2 (1997.) to yellow, elliptic, ovateto obovat€,rounded to acutc,glabrous; disk comprisingdiscrete lobes, 0.2-0.5mm rvide.lobeslenticular; stamens 3, I -whorled,symmefical, ercct;filamentscompletely connate, crect,terete, c. 0.I mm long;anthcrs extrorse, crcct, connate, oblong to elliptic,2-3 rnm long;loculcs parallel. I''emale.flcnterssolitary, sessile at anthesis,pediccls present on ly in fruit, jointed; sepalsfree, 6, 0.5-I mm long,0.2-0.4 mm wide,lanceolatc to triangu)ar,at anthesisascending to divcrgcnt,in fruit divergentto reflexed,rvhite, yelJow-brown to grecn,rvith a distinctwhite margin, rounded to acute, glabrous;diskcrcnate,0.4-0.6 mm wide;styles 3, free, divided forabout halfor lcssoftheir length, erect to ascending,whiteto yellow,0.I -0.4 mm long,0.1-0.2mm wide, narrow-terete, glabrous, branches entirc. linear;ovary 0.4-0.7 mm long,0.6- 1.4 mrn wide, transversely ellipsoid, apically depressed, often red in colour,collicu)ate, glabrous. F,"rll a capsule,septicidal, transversely ellipsoid, apically depressed, L I - I .4mm long,L9-2.4 mm \\'idc,red-brown to red, cartilaginous, veffucatetowardsthe apex, glabrous, groovedscpticidally; column persistent, angular-ovoid to broadly barrel shaped, 0.3-0.7 mm long.S'eeds ycllowtoblack, prismatic, laterally compressed,0.T- I 2 mm long,0.5-0.9mm wide,prominently sulcatc: hilum markedlydepresscd, centrally constricted, cavity more or lessbasal or sometimesslightly displaccdtowards the centre, cxtra-hilum lateral depression present (Figure 1L,M)

Selected.tpecinens examined. QIJEENSI,AND: 12.4 km N of Mareeba,along road to Mt Mallov. D. HalfordQ3358(BRI);NormanRiverCrossingon Nonnanton-Croydonroad, nearGlenorehomestead, 18km out ofNormanton, V..1.Neldner2420 & T.D.Stanley (BRI) NORTI IERN TIIRRITORY: 15 km SofKakadu NationalPark Headquarters, Jabiru, Burdulba Riverarea, A.A.Munir 5614(AD): Mary River,C./i. Dunlop 8381 & B A. ll/ilson(DNA);10miles [16 km] W of 'Westmoreland', Borroloola,N'. He,?ry 6l (DNA);Alligator River,C. R. Dunlop6l0T &.1 laylor(DNA); 30km E oftheQNT border,lbrNWQueensland, R. Prrl/en 9l9I (MEL);30knrNofCape Crawfbrd,l Z Hunter 1539,J..1. Bruhl& LL. Egan (NE).

Distributbn. Knownfrom Darwin in theNorthem l'€rritory, cast across the Gulfcountq' to Cooktown in Queensland.

I!abitdt. Occulslnperiodicallyinundatcd areas such as the margins ofs*amps, lagoons, dams, stream and river flats.

Flowering undfruiling periad. March to September.

Et,,-molo1g.In rcference1o the distinctly llrrowed seeds.

Notes. Phyllanthus urinuria, a pan-tropicalspecies, is morphologically similar to ,/'. sulcalus, and specimensofthe latterhavebeen m isidentiltedasP. urinaria(Wheeler el al 1992).P hyllanthus sulcatus can,however, be distinguished by branchlet, fru it andseed characters ('l'able I ). Dunlopet o1.( I 995) have presenteda descriptionreferable to P. sulcalLrsas P. /eai, which is a synonym of P dehilis (see discussion above). Phyllanthus sulcalus and P. urinaria are the only 1wo Australian speciesof Phyllanthus that have pedunculatefemale tlowcrs. For illustrationssce Wheeler et al. (1992) las P. urintriaf and Dunlop et ol. (1995) las P. lettil. '(u,lrou{un ' uort€col r u) lpLlrttt! 'ra,rrX ue.ue51:ad,{;stltuted'^ory sE (LZ6l)919 rsny'zueg4 1g 11ag'ururoq('q1uag) snwndsonl rq^qns ' xaldut'^ 'tnryuDll{Lld- (E/g l) t t I ;g lpllsnv lJ qluJg snuar.lsotal tu^ zt >Jxa(lwts snqtuoll,(r1,1

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snLtruDl4.t.tt) s.rir:ros,ri\J lqnru tf ?tiiluir .J.l NuylsiaVol ll. No 2 (1997)

Phyllanthus ntinuti/lorris Mueli. A rg. var. gracillinus Benth., Fl. Austral.6: I l2 ( I 873). Z/pe: Moreton Bay, July 55, F. Mueller(holo: K).

Phyllanthuseboracersr,! S. Moore, J. Linn. Soc.(Botany) 45:216 (1920).Type:CapeYork, Doemel (ho/o:K).

Phyllanthus,simplex Retz. var. m)'rtilblius Domin. Beit. Fl. Pflanz.Aust. 816 (192'7).Iye: Nordos! Quccnsland: M ischwiilderbei Cairnes. au f Sand,X I I 1909, Domin(n.v.,1o cation unknown).

Phy/lonthussimplexRetz.var.phifbliusDomin,Bcit. FI. Pnanz. Avst .:87'7 (192'7). Tlpe:Qld; Sandsf'einhiiyel derDividing Rangebei Pentland, 11 1910, Donin(n.v., location unknown).

Phyllanthus sp. B, \Nheelerer al, FIora ofthe KimberleyRegion 624 ( 1992).

Distribution. The pan{ropical I'hyllunlhus virgqtus ts one of the most widespread and common AuslraljanP hylltot,4as (Tablc 2), occurringfrom the Kimberle)'sin WcstcrnAustralia, through northernand arid Australia,to aslar southas Sydneyin New SouthWales.

'fable 2. Distributionof NorthernTerritory and WesternAustralian species of |'h!-llanthus rvithinAustralia based on theregions adopted by Hnatiuk( 1990)

Distribution

P. dridus Bcnth. |,2,4,25,26 P. bqeckeoidesJ.T. Hunter & J.J.Bruhl 10,l5 l'cub,ci.nusLabill. 16,17, f 8, 19,20,2t,2223,2136,39,40 I'. carpenlaride M]ucll. Arg. 2i,26,t7-11,44,46-4 5.4q, 5 I .5r. 54,55.65 I cautic,laJ.l. Hunter&J.J. Bruhl .l5 *P. rleDilrsKlein. ex Willd. )t ds s] is P.er\uiniiJ.T.llunter&J.J.Bruhl 4,29,30,47 P. eut.LrioiLlesS. Moorc 25 P. e-ri1i.!S. Moore 1.2,3,1,25,26,43

P. flagellaris Benth. 25 P.J'uernrohrii F. Muell. 28,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,43,47,48,50, 51,55,56,63,68, 6) I'. ildigo/btoides Bentll. |.25.45 f. /acerosls Airy Slraw 1,2,3 ,25 ,26 ,27 ,43 .53 ,49 1'. /acilrel/z.sAiry Shau' 29,31.32,33,34,35, 36,3',7 ,38,41 .70.11 ,12 P. naderdspdtensisL. 1,2,3,4,7,12,14, 18,25,26,27,3 t,34,43,44,45,46,41,49, 50,5l,5i,54,55,56,68 P.ttblanceolatus J.T. tlunter& J.l. Bruhl 29,30,34.35,69,70 P.prt.'minulalu.t LT. Ilunter&J.J.Bruhl 15 'pel)rlsuoo 'pessetdep '8uot lou f11qFr1sunltq :apr,rruru E I - I Luur6 l -t l pcos 'ets^o :asolncrllocflesu€p lrn{ :urBleluetrq,r € tnoqlr,{\ ot crldrllcsledas e1a ural llxe redI.ro I sla,{\oUetEtuoJ :lEnxesrq se utle Lrlossaouaosuogut ltll8rcu 'reln8ue elrq,ru lnoqlrMsalndrls :8uol tul 9 9I-9 9 o1papunol stelqcuerB " S sqicq,{pae,r :qtoorus trn.rJ iqloorus,OD^o ielelncunped lou seJuecsajouureletue-} 'enbrlqo :snolnuruoJd,(lFlrxEqE lou sure^'aJlluosurBJEru lou esuq-;se.1:f '''''' i sqraqo^r'l?u :el€Jrure,\ lrn{ ictr]lnctlloc,{rr,lo :alrlnf,unpad sacuef,seloUur 'aluuas 'enbrlqo cletueJ:snolnur Luotd ,(llEtxEqe sure^ sur8ruu es€qlee.l t 'elnsdur apr,{rurutZ-L 0';uo1urug 7-1 plrn{ :epr,rruru t l-€ 0 '3uo1ruug g-E6,{re^o:t suaru€ts:apr^\ruru I-7 g sledeseleruel :rulnJrlual seqol)srp eleru :e pr,r uru 6 0-2 0 sledoseleu i8uolultu 9 1-1 6slacrpadcleu :cprsJed 8-E sule^ ,{repuoces :epr,r rutrl g 6-l I sc^Eel:llEl ru g 0 ol sqteH :Z

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'lqnrg rn1tuDltIq,l lo s.lrods ,\\iN f t ? l.lunll .t.l ll. No. 2 (19S7.) 160 NuYtsiaVol

Branchlctsellipsoid to flattcned,1-'1 cm long;stipules with a whitemargin; inflorcscencesalways unisexual; f-emale llorvcrs solitary; f-emale sepals lanceolateto tuiangular,witb a whitemargin' f'ruit sparscly colliculose; sced0.7- L2 mm long,0.5-0.9mm rvide:hilum markedly deprcssed. constrictcd,extra-hilum depression present ' P sulcatus 5 Petiole 0.6- l .8mm w ide;sepals 5; fernaleflowers so litary: stylc nerely notched P'a m arus 5; Petiole0. I -0.3nrm wide; scpals 6 rarely5; femaleflowers 1-5 per axil; style dividedfor halfor morcof its length...... 6 Branchletsrounded, smooth; sepals 6 rarely5; laminamargins undulate; *P slamens4-6, fice; secdsgranulate to aculcate ...... tenellus Branchletsflattcned, ribbed; sepals alwal's 6; laminaroundcd, margins not *P. undulate;stamens 3, connate;sceds striate . debilis 7 Plantsdioecious ...... E 7l 8 8: Lamina glabrous. or sometimespapillate l0 9 Prostratesubshrub to 0.l5 m tall; stipuleslacerate to erose'0 5-1 5 mm long; lamina4.9- 14.8 rnm long, margins revolute, fcnlale perianth not growing ln fruit leavingthc fiuit exposed;ovary and fruit glabrous . P' flagellaris Erectshrub or subshrub0.2- I m tall; stipules€ntire' L4-2.8 mm longl l.rrrina l0-2 5.2 mm lonu.margins plrne: lem.rle perilnth grou ing rnrl (Figure cnclosing fiu it; ovary pubescentan d fruit pilose P' carpentariae I D) l0 Rr.rnchlct.ellip.oid lo flJllcned:nrale \cpals 0 5-U0 mm long'rcJ to red-brown, f'cmale pediccls 0. l -0 2 mmw idein fruit:fcmale scpals 0 4- L2 mm long;ovary and fiuit wartcdwith a roundedapcx P' exilis t0:Branchletsroundcd; malc sepals 0 8-4mm long,white, yellow or grecn; t'cmalepedicels 0.2-0.5 mm widein fiuit; femalcsepals I l-2 8nm long; ovaryand fruit smoothwith a depressedapex. .... ll Branchlets0..1-0.7 mm rvide; male se pals 2-3 9 mm long'I 3-2 7 mm lvide; malcdisk2-3.Immrvidc;femalesepals 1.2-2.I mmlong, I 4-2'lmmwide; filamentsconnate conpletcly. 1 2-2 6 mm long;anthers 0 9-I 4mm long; styleclividcd less than halfway':seeds smooth ... P'baeck€oides : Branchlets 0.6- I .2mm rvide;male sepals 0 8-2mm long,08-2 mm wide; maledisk 0.6- I.3 rnmwide lf'emale sepats 0 4- I 6 mm long,0.6-I 6 mm wide; filamentsfiec or connatefor only halfway,0.2-0.7 mm long:anthers 0.3-l mnr long;style undivided; secds sculptured t2

. P. saxosus t2:

...... P. scabcr 14 1i l5 l3: L etPuuocol ee.llsluaruElu :lrx€ led [- I slo,\\oueleru€J :l€nxesrq seturleuos)sEcl l€ secuetsatoLlut:!u€etf, ,{lelel lo u,roJq-par,u,rojq-,no111,( salndrt"^:{JrpqJo snorqelSsluEId :perap.roq ,pesse.rdep (lpalreLu LunlrH :tZ sJprolxElnc'd elEuuolsluJtuElu :lrxo lad I .(luos.ra,\\oL] cle LueJ :lDnxes Iun socuccseJouur:tu€el3 'snoJq€li .ptsserdep selndrts:tou ,{tereJ s}utld:peleploqtou ,{11q8r1sLunllll tZ '4 ssprora;o6rpur peleploclunlrq llrxered J ,{[uosle,roU a[€Lu{:fur€q sla]rptd clEru:flrsuelur ll]nbJJo seprs qloq 'snolnlaqnd oultrlel:snolq€ls sclndus :snolnteqnd ol snoJq€csslelqcuElg :zz prr 'd sn s pereproqtou LUnlrq :lr xI] Jed S- 1 sja,rog a1euej :snorqp lS sleJr pad elDtt| :,roll)q roled 'esollrded ol snorqelSeurul?l iesollded ol snorqelSelndrls :eso rdpds^lolqcuEJg a " "' tZ 8uolruug9-1s1acrprde1etr1 :16 A. 8uo1unu1; slacrpeda1a11 17 "" snluil.rr,r'.1 serJadsuoruuroc pue pucrdsepr,n ilrn.rj ur Fuol ruu Z.L-6 0 sledasrl€ueJ ,pe8ur,r ,pepunoJ :peu re^ ,{lelnf,sqo se^eil :3uolruc 0 E- S.9 le^eu slalqcueJgtoz snlrlnururo.rd'.1" ...... suo18ernpu1e;lpueur,tu€Colpalculsel sctcedserur :trn.tJ ur 6uo1 urur g g-g g sledesel€ucJ :snolnuruo:d puu paure,n 'pe8ur,u 'prosdrlle ,(llueuruoJdse^€al :3uo1 rur 1 1-96 1 ol ruln8ueslelqcuerg 97 " 0Z clepnucf11rurlsrp pur .{luoruurocsalndrls lqt8ucl rraql3o etoru ro-}lprl roJ pcpr^rp selfts:cpt,\\ruu/ 0-;6'3uo1ruug 1-g9 sl?deseil?ureJ :peuolcrqt surBrerugcel :61 'd slsualBds^EJapBtu elEpnPo,{1erur eseq elndrls :peqotou ,{lelau set(ts '3uo1 :epr^\ ruur Z-9 0 ruur ;-g g sledase1e LueJ :pcua)l[J] lou surEruulua.y 61 IZ eleuuoJJo eer.+stui)ruElU:snorqD[8lo fur€q.qloorus^ lrnJJ :peJeploq tou ro perap.roq 'pessard:rp ,(1pe1reurro {11qBr1srunlrq i(szpr.io or) eler.tls ,{1aruJ Jo qloorusspees :gl ,alecnJ.re^ 6l elEuuoaJo eeJ.+slueull?llJ lsnorqelS:o f.Ileq ol qlootust 1{ :piJcpjoqtou'passc.rdep fltqBrls ulnl[l:elEIn]Jeqnl ()1 elelnuej8 spre5 :91 "" lrur^{Jad ee{ slueuslr}:snorqela 'pessordcp pup qloous lrnl-J:p.Jcproq lou Iltqirls runllq:esoEni spies gl ' ""' 8t sdorrlnoouotspuus ruo4 ,{lsnolnpuedSur,uor8 1ou ( lucId:aleuuotot cc.UsluoruullJ :.rnolor euo fluo,(apr,,t ueql;eFuol iltq8tls ( ,{luo)pc}E8uole lou sptcs:pesserdep xode 'ptosdrlle ,ilesre,\sue4 :/l trnrC I sloJrlnsJ'd sctorttnoeuotspups urorj {lsnolnpuld 8ur,no;8 loleuuoc,{1r1e1druor luu1d I slueuElg:pel pul? ,\\ollci 'snoJoloJrqpuD (proolEJ :apr,\ ueqt reBuol ,prosdrlta s ,i0turtsrp)pelufuole spcrs :passeidep tou pcpunotxedu trnJC,l aausluadJBJ'd epr,nruug l-7 1'3uolruuZ Z-l l speas:epr^\ tuLu Z S-S.Z,6uolulLuti-Z Zlrn{ :8uoturru8t-I slerrpedrle ueJ :?uol uru / l -t.0 slcJrped e1e1r1 :91 snurr,{|rc'4 ""3uo1ruuE7-g'1'3uo1uru6g-SZptis:epr^\ruru9.9-S,FuolturuZ.E-tlrn4 :srscqluslD8uoIruugtrI-g g slectpcdeleua-+ :iuol u LuS 6-2.1slecrped e1e1^,1 91 Ll pasodxetlru-]'1rn-g ur Sur8relue 1ou sledes eluural :91 ' 9l 1rn4Sursolcue pue 6ur3.ru1ue sledas clerucg gJ 'd snllJunJBl peqqt:ol eso8n;spaes :8uol rulu 1-g6 lccrpadeleur - :Suolru ur g t S SI]urtuel :3uol Lutu t. l -9.0selndrt:^ :papunol slolqcuEJ g :fl 'd snsoralcl c1er.4s,{leurl.ro qlootus spaas :8uol rutu t t-U.l lecrpedeluur '3uol :snolnurtuold ruru0 t-6 I euluel :8uolru Lu Z g-l l selndlls:rplnEuu slclqJul]jg tl

'tq rnttuntfqd .1.)sar.ads ^{:rN S ff T r:rluntl .t_'t (L t62 Nuylsiavol ll. No.2 (li)97)

24 Hairyshrub;branchlets roundcd to ellipsoid;stipules 0.8-3.2 mm long; malesepals 1.3-2.5 mm long;maledisk1- 1 .,1mm widc;fcmale disk L I - L9 mm long;anthcrfilaments0.6-L3mmlong;styles0.6-1.3mmlong...... P.fuernrohrii 24:Glabrous herb or smallshrub; branchlets flattened to ellipsoid;stipules 1.2-2.5 mm long;malescpals 0.7- 1 .7 mm long;maledisk 0.6- 1 mm wide;fenaledisk 0.7- I .3mm wide;antherfilaments0.2-0.6mmlong;styles0.2-0.7mmlong...... P.oblanceolatus

Acknolvledgcmcnts

We wish to thankthe heads of thc followingherbaria for the loanof specimens:A, AD, BM, BRI, CANB, CBG,DAV, DNA, GH, HO, K, MEL, NSW, PERTH,QRS. Thanks alsotothe heads ofA, BM, BRI, CANB, CBG, DNA, G, GH, K, LINN. MAREEBA, MEL, NSW,QRS for accessto facilitiesand specimens;Clydc Dunlopand Judy Egan (DNA) for assistancervith field work; Grady Webster (DAV) for helpfulcomments; David Mackay (NE) for th€illustrations; Paul Wilson (PIIRTH), Laurie Adams (CANB),Anne Harrison and Frances Quinn (NE) forthe Latin descriptions, Ian Corvie (DNA), Frances Quinnand 13ruce Thomson (Dept. ofEnvironment, Qld) for commentson themanuscript, the director of the AustralianNational I'arks Scrvice and the stateequivalents in Nelv SouthWales. Northern Territory,Queensland, and South Austra)ia for permissionto collectin serviceareas; Research School ofBiologicalSciences (ANU) forfinancial support to J.J.Bruh I forvisits to G, K andLINN. Thisproj ect rvassupported by fundingliom AustralianBiological Resources Study.

References

AiryShaw.ll.K.(1980) Thc [uphorbiaceaeofNe\\ Cuinca.Kc!r' Bul1elin Additional Series VIIl (Ro\al I]otanicGardens: Kc* ) Ilentham.C (187i). 1:loraAustralicnsis Vol. 6 (1. Reevc:t-oDdon.) "liar€ " Briggs,J.l). & l-eigh. J.ll (1988). or ThrcalcncdAustralian SpecialPublicaiion No. l1 (Austrrlian Nalional Parks and Wildlilc Scrvicc:Clanberra.) Dall$itz, M.J. (1980). A gcncralsysrem lbr coding taxonomicdcscriptions. laxon 29: 4l-46. "User I)all$i12,M.J.. Painc. I A. & Zurchcr.E.J. (1993). s Guide to the DEI-TA S)slcn." (Divisi{n of Fntomology. CSIRO: Canbcrra.) "The Dlwson. W R. (1q58) BitnksLetlcrs: A Calendarol-lhc mrnuscriplcorrcspondencc ofSir JoscphIlanks prcscr,'cd in the Ilritish Muscum, the llritish Musculn f.\atural Ilislory) and other collectionsin Great Ilritain. (Drilish Muscum. Natural I Iislory l-ondon) "flora Dunlop,C.R., Leach.C i. & Cowic. LD. (1995) of the Darwin RegioD.'Vol. 2. (Conscrv.rtiLrnCoDrmissilnl ol' lhe Northcrn Tcrrilory l)arwin.) Covaeerrs, R. & Radclific-Slnith, A ( 1995) New namcs and combinalior$ ;n Luphorbiaceae - Phrllatltholdede Kc\\ Ilull 5l(l)r 175-178. tlnatiuk. R.J.(1990) (ensusol Aunralian VascularPlants". AustralianFlora and Faun.rScrics ll. (Buteauol Flofa and lrauna,AcPs Prcss:canberra.) llunler. J.T. & Bruhl. J.l (1996). Thrce n$r speciesof South AustralianPht|anthus (Euphorbiaccac:PhlllaDthcae) J Adelaide llol (i.ird. I7: 127-116. Ilunter.LT & tlrulrl.J.l (1997) T$onew speciesot /'r)rldr1rl/r and nolcson Phtllanthusan(l Sallrapus ir Ncw SLrulh Wales. Iclopca 7(2): (in press). "nora J mcs.'t.A. & Ilarden. CJ. (1990). [uphorbiaceae/l?] Hatdcn.ajJ. (cd.), ol Ne\t Soulh walcs." Vol L pp.38q-430. (Ncw South Wales tJniversilyPress: Kensinglon.) "|lora Smilh, AC. (1981). VitiensisNova. Vol 2. (Pacific liopical Garden:l.auai, Ha\\aii) Slcarn.W.T. (1992) llolanical LatiD. 4'r'cdn (David & Clharles:Melkshan) \

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