The exhibition consists of three parts. The main exhibition may be seen at temporary exhibition rooms THE DEVELOPMENT of the Collegium Maius OF GEOGRAPHICAL Monday - Saturday 10-15 IDEAS Wensday, Sunday - closed IN POLAND

In the 19th century, Wincenty Pol introduced compulsory field trips for students into the curriculum. Geography and methodology books stressed the need for field studies in teaching geography.

Polish publications in the 19th Panels in the Professors' century included lexicons, Garden display magazines, travel accounts geography in the period 19th August - 7th December and Polish teaching books. 1918-1939 and the Second 2014 Geographical encyclopaedias World War. Collegium Maius were also published, e.g. by the -based Trzaska, Everet & Michalski publishing house. Two privately owned publishing houses, Ludomir Sawicki's ORBIS in Kraków and Eugeniusz Romer's Książnica Atlas in played an important role in the development The Estreicher's Corner of geography. Next to research centres displays information from and institutes, e.g. the Baltic Institute the post-war period in dealt with geography issues. various geography centres throughout Poland and Museum field stations. Collegium Maius 15, Jagiellonska str. Krakow Exhibition accompanying the International phone 48 12 663 13 07 Geographical Union’s Regional Conference [email protected] “Changes Challenges Responsibility” Kraków from 18th until to 22th August 2014 ADMISSION FREE In 1916 the Lviv-based geographer Eugeniusz Romer published the Geographical Prints, maps and scientific and Statistical Atlas, showing instruments displayed in Poland before the partitions. the five rooms of the Collegium The atlas was used in Maius illustrate breakthrough delineating Poland's borders after 1918. moments in the history of the When Poland regained its Polish geographical thought independence (1918), intensive until 1945. The importance of Thanks to the reform of science and education under the reign of Stanisław August Poniatowski, the methods topographic and cartographic maps as instruments of the workbegan to unify maps pub- geographer's work was also of research began to be organised. The activity of the Commission of National Education was intended to lished in three partitioned parts highlighted. develop physical and mathematical geography, as well of the country. Physical geogra- The beginnings of geography in Poland included, as physical and natural geography. phy, anthropogeography and next to astronomy, first descriptions of the country applied disciplines developed, in the chronicles. such with regional planning and geography of tourism..

In 1849, Poland's first (and the world's second) Chair of Geography was set up The early period of geography as a science includes at the Jagiellonian University under Poland lost its independence in 1795, but Polish- astronomical measurements done using wooden Wincenty Pol. Gradually, geography language atlases and maps were still published. instruments such as Nicolas Copernicus's became more and more consistent as The first globe with the Polish-language map was triquetrum. an academic discipline. made in Nuremberg in the mid-19th century (by Abel- Only few research The reaction to Klinger company), the next in Prague (by Jan Felkel). instruments have the partitioning of In the times of the partitions of Poland, firms survived. Among unique Poland by three manufacturing scientific instruments were also active. exhibits there is the brass occupying powers in They were particularly numerous in the Polish torquetum from a sate of 1795 was the ' Kingdom. Gustaw Gerlach supplied the Tsar Army three instruments owned struggle to keep up and Russian land surveyors with measuring by Marcin Bylica. the nation's unity. Work instruments for road and rail construction. In the 17th century physiographic descriptions of on gaining more In 1921, apart from Gerlach, Polish lands began to be made, as well as engraved extensive knowledge the excellent Polish Optical maps. In the 18th century the development of and detailed description Plant also operated, still measuring methods enabled overall description of of the country began. popular in the period of the country and more detailed maps. Such Learned societies and scientific magazines were the Polish People's Republic. descriptions were needed for administrative and elements of importance for the 19th-century world military purposes and for the country's promotion. of science.