AFCA 64-team bracket New approach February 19, 1996 Volume 33, No. 7 Football coaches Sandra L.Vivas says Committee in discuss agent issue need is clear for place to develop 3 at recent meetings 4 first set of NCAA growth in Division I 5 in Dallas women’s volleyball softball rules
National Collegiate Athletic The Association Page 4 Official Publication of the National Collegiate Athletic Association NCAA News Kirwan named chair OVER THE LINE? of agent committee William E. Kirwan, president of the Kirwan said University of Maryland, College Park, the committee and a member of the NCAA Presi- plans to discuss dents Commission, will chair a special the wide variety committee charged with charting a of measures al- strategy to address the growing sports- ready being agent issue in intercollegiate athlet- used, particular- ics. ly state legis- At its pre-Convention meeting, the lation and pro- Council approved the formation of grams that the Special Committee on Agents and some institu- Amateurism. The group will hold its tions have cre- Kirwan first meeting in early March, and will ated to help work on a tight time line. Kirwan said control the agent problem locally. NCAA Executive Director Cedric W. The 22-member special committee Dempsey has asked that the commit- will consist of institutional chief exec- tee produce and forward potential utive officers, athletics directors, fac- solutions by summer’s end. ulty athletics representatives, football “This is an extremely important and basketball coaches, current and initiative by the NCAA,” Kirwan said. former student-athletes, and legal “The full extent of the problems relat- counsel from institutions, said S. Da-
Rich Clarkson/NCAA Photos ed to agents is only beginning to sur- vid Berst, NCAA group executive direc- face. It poses a tremendous threat to tor for enforcement and eligibility fundamental principles under which Athletics administrators work ➤ to end unacceptable crowd behavior the NCAA operates.” See Kirwan, page 20 without lessening enthusiasm III transition process here’s no place like home. BY RONALD D. MOTT other offensive remarks, and Playing games on a famil- STAFF WRITER even bombarding a visiting iar field or court long has pro- football team with ice-hard focusing on three issues vided teams with a tremendous advantage. snowballs for three hours on national television. TWhile most factors that influence the outcome of What has happened to decency and decorum from Governance issues, membership years. Such a change could become contests — basket height, strike-zone area, points sports fans? In many instances, those characteristics requirements and matters pertaining effective August 1, 1997, with the expi- awarded for a touchdown, for example — are con- appear to have been discarded at the turnstiles. to championships will be the primary ration of the membership moratori- stant, the screams and cheers of fans often turn what Long Beach State University coach Seth Greenberg agenda items for the Division III um, meaning that the earliest an ap- otherwise might be an evenly matched game into a charged that during his team’s January 22 game at New membership-restructuring transition plicant institution could become an lopsided rout. Mexico State University, two students berated his play- team, which will meet for the first active NCAA member would be Aug- Recently, however, some fans at the college and ers with racial slurs, a charge he later withdrew after time February 20-21 in Kansas City, ust 1, 2001. professional levels have gone beyond the call of “duty” attorneys representing those students objected to his Missouri. Establishing a process in which as the home team’s loudest cheerleaders and have allegations. Before the game, Greenberg, who is Jew- Possible requirements that may be prospective member institutions become the visiting squad’s worst nightmare — insti- considered for NCAA membership would undergo an on-site visit at the gating brawls with players, yelling racial epithets and See Fans, page 20 ➤ include: end of their second year of provision- Extending the provisional mem- bership period from three to four See Restructuring, page 6 ➤ Participation numbers hit all-time high, break 1985-86 record
Participation in NCAA sports in 1994-95 set a — 6.9 percent — but men’s participation also while in 1992-93, the figure was 34.8 percent. record, surpassing the previous standard by al- showed a 3.0 percent gain. TOTAL PARTICIPANTS For all divisions combined, participation for most 3,800 student-athletes. Division II showed little change in men’s, wo- women was up in every women’s sport studied, The Association’s annual participation study men’s or overall participation. except for squash and swimming. The biggest estimates that 299,608 student-athletes took part In Division I, there was an overall loss of 0.1 gains were rung up by women’s soccer, which 1993-94 1994-95 Diff. Pct. +/– in NCAA sports in 1994-95, which is 3,776 more percent (130,408 participants, compared to had the largest jump in participation of any Men ...... 189,642 189,084 –558 –0.3% than participated in the previous record year of 130,584 in 1993-94), but there was a 4.2 percent sport — men’s or women’s — at 1,463 and also 1985-86. increase in women’s participation (44,361 to Women ...... 105,532 110,524 +4,992 +4.7% had the largest increase in the number of spon- It also was a record year for women’s partic- 46,225). Men’s Division I participation declined Total ...... 295,174 299,608 +4,434 +1.5% soring institutions, 69. ipation, which jumped to 110,524, a 4.7 percent 2.4 percent from 86,223 to 84,183. Other sports with an increase of more than jump over last year’s record figure of 105,532. Even though the numbers appear to be exact, 300 were men’s basketball, 999; women’s basket- Men’s participation was down 0.3 percent, which they are adjusted to include institutions that did Research Ursula R. Walsh said that the numbers ball, 946; women’s outdoor track, 460; women’s corresponds with the decline in the number of not submit a squad list for a sport they are known are accurate enough to provide a comparison of crew, 393; women’s cross country, 389; men’s soc- schools surveyed. to sponsor. Also, no audit is performed on the participation numbers from year to year. cer, 338; and women’s indoor track, 376. The gain was all in Division III, where partic- squad lists that are submitted, so there is no assur- Overall, women accounted for 36.9 percent In terms of percentages, the biggest increas- ipation went up by 4,668 (4.5 percent). Women’s ance that the list submitted by every institution of all participants, the highest ever. In 1993-94, participation in that division was up remarkably is precisely correct. Still, NCAA Director of 35.7 percent of NCAA athletes were women, See Numbers, page 7 ➤ Page 2 The NCAA News February 19, 1996
1 Schedule of key dates for 2 February and March 3 4 5 FEBRUARY NCAA News DIGEST 6 7 1 2 3 A weekly summary of major activities within the Association 8 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 11 12 25 26 27 28 29 1994-95 participation study 13 14 FEBRUARY 15 RECRUITING Women Overall 16 Men’s Division I basketball 17 1-29: Quiet period, except for 20 days between No- 18 vember 16,1995,and March 15,1996,selected at the dis- 19 cretion of the institution and designated in writing in the 20 office of the director of athletics: Evaluation period.** 21 Women’s Division I basketball* 22 1-29: Quiet period, except 20 days between October 8, 1995, and February 29, 1996, selected at the discre- 23 tion of the institution and designated in writing in the 24 office of the director of athletics: Evaluation period.** 25 Men’s Division II basketball 26 The period between the prospect’s initial and final high- 27 school or two-year college contests: Evaluation period. 28 Women’s Division II basketball* 29 The period between the prospect’s initial and final high- school or two-year college contests: Evaluation period. Men 30 Division I football 31 1-3...... Contact period. 32 4...... Quiet period. 33 5-8 ...... Dead period. The number of student-athletes participating in NCAA 34 9-29...... Quiet period. sports in 1994-95 was 299,608, an increase of almost Division II football 35 4,500 from 1993-94. ,Women’s participation increased 36 1-5 (8 a.m.)...... Contact period. 5 (8 a.m.)-7 (8 a.m.) ...... Dead period. almost 5,000 to 110,524 while men’s participation was 37 7 (8 a.m.)-29 ...... Contact period. 38 down about 600 to 189,084. 39 40 Charts show number times 1000. 41 MARCH 42 1 2 43 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 44 Title IX 45 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 46 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Subhed 12 Goes Here 47 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 48 This is Normal Body copy using the Normal 31 49 style sheet. This is Normal Body copy using the 50 Normal style sheet. This is Normal Body copy 51 using the Normal style sheet. This is Normal MARCH 52 Body copy using the Normal style sheet. This RECRUITING 53 Men’s Division I basketball is Normal Body copy using the Normal style 54 1-15: Quiet period, except for 20 days between No- sheet. 55 vember 16,1995,and March 15,1996,selected at the dis- 56 cretion of the institution and designated in writing in the 57 office of the director of athletics: Evaluation period.** 58 16-22 ...... Contact period. 23-27 ...... Quiet period. 59 28-31...... Dead period. 60 Women’s Division I basketball* 61 1-26: Quiet period,except eight days selected at the dis- 62 cretion of the institution and designated in writing in the 63 office of the director of athletics: Contact period. 64 27-31...... Dead period. 65 Men’s Division II basketball 1-27 ...... Contact period. 66 28-31...... Dead period. 67 Women’s Division II basketball* 68 1-31 ...... Contact period. 69 Division I football 70 1-31...... Quiet period. 71 Division II football 72 1-11 ...... Contact period. 73 12-31:Quiet period,except during any high-school all- star game that occurs within the state in which the 74 member institution is located: Evaluation period. 75 ______76 *See pages 122-123 of the 1995-96 NCAA Manual for 77 exceptions. Also, see pages 126-127 for dead periods in 78 other Divisions I and II sports. 79 **An authorized off-campus recruiter may visit a particu- 80 lar educational institution only once during this evaluation. 81 82 83 NCAA News Index 84 85 Briefly Page 3 86 87 Comment 4 88 89 State 90 Legislation 5 91 92 NCAA Record 14 93 94 The Market 15 95 96 Legislative Assistance 20 97
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COPY: MARCIA: February 19, 1996 The NCAA News Page 3
■ Briefly in the News ■ Facilities 1 2 3 Oakland University announced in 4 Number is up December a three-level addition to its 5 Lepley Sports Center. The 250,000- 6 square-foot recreation and athletics cen- 7 for four Bruins ter will undergo a $28 million improve- 8 ment, with work scheduled from summer 9 Considering how many basketball standouts 1996 to fall 1998. The centerpiece of the 10 have played in the men’s and women’s pro- addition will be a 3,000-seat indoor arena. 11 grams at the University of California, Los An- Other highlights include a 1,000-seat 12 geles, it is a significant honor to have a jersey natatorium with 50-meter competitive and 13 retired to the rafters at Pauley Pavilion. recreational pool; a spa; a three-court rec- 14 Recently, four former Bruins were honored reational gymnasium; an 8,500-square- 15 as the jersey numbers of Walt Hazzard, Mar- foot weight training and fitness area; aer- 16 ques Johnson, Ed O’Bannon and Sydney Wicks obics rooms; running tracks; a host of 17 were retired. The group was recognized during courts, including an international squash 18 half time of a February 1 game. court; a wellness center; food and vend- 19 Only four other UCLA greats — Kareem Ab- ing areas; and offices for the athletics 20 dul-Jabbar (formerly Lew Alcindor), Bill Wal- department. 21 ton, Denise Curry and Ann Meyers — have California Polytechnic State 22 been so recognized. University, San Luis Obispo, dedicated 23 For a UCLA player’s jersey to be considered an on-campus site for construction of the 24 for retirement, the student-athlete must have Ozzie Smith Baseball Stadium, named in 25 been a three-time all-American or received a honor of the former Mustang famed for 26
national player-of-the-year honor. University of Florida photo his defensive wizardry and fancy foot- 27 In short, making this team is no small accom- work as a shortstop for the St. Louis 28 plishment. Attendance booster — The “Have A Ball This Fall” promotion at Cardinals. A capital campaign already 29 “It’s an elite group,” Hazzard told The Asso- the University of Florida, which publicized the dates that women’s soccer and has raised $1.7 million, including a $1 30 ciated Press. “How many schools can say they’ve volleyball contests coincided with Gator football contests, played a big part in million commitment from Smith. In addi- 31 had this many players of the year?” tion to the stadium, the institution will 32 Hazzard, who spent 10 years in the NBA after boosting attendance during the 1995 season. All three sports finished among the construct seven multipurpose athletics 33 playing under the legendary John Wooden from top five in the nation for season attendance averages: soccer, second at1,606 per and recreational fields for campus and 34 1962 to 1964, wore No. 42. After his pro career, game; volleyball, third at 2,751; and football, fifth at 85,139. Those participat- community use. Plans include renova- 35 Hazzard served for four years as his alma ma- tions of the Robert A. Mott Gymnasium, 36 ter’s head coach in the mid-1980s, compiling a ing in the promotion were (from left) women’s volleyball coach Mary Wise, head refurbishment of the school’s track and 37 77-47 record in four seasons. football coach Steve Spurrier and women’s soccer coach Becky Burleigh. field facility and construction of a new 38 O’Bannon, whose multifaceted talents and 10,000-seat football/soccer stadium. 39 No. 31 jersey guided UCLA to last season’s William H. Pitt, founder, chair and 40 NCAA Division I crown and earned him the film “The Client,” will play Valvano in the made- ball running backs, plan to play in the same chief executive officer of a large Connec- 41 1995 Final Four’s most-outstanding-player for-television movie. MDT Productions, the film’s backfield by the time they are seniors. The twins ticut real-estate company, has given the 42 award, was a first-round draft selection of the producer, has committed to donate $11,250 to also have decided to room together. largest gift ($3 million) in Sacred Heart 43 New Jersey Nets. the V Foundation, a cancer-research foundation “I think we made the right decision in room- University history. Construction is sched- 44 He finished his college career fifth on UCLA’s named in honor of Valvano. ing together,” Ken Rittenhouse told Ed Riggs of uled to begin this spring on the $17 mil- 45 all-time scoring list with 1,815 points and ninth A North Carolina film official described the the Gettysburg Times. “There are no surprises.” lion William H. Pitt Health and Recrea- 46 in rebounds with 820. film as mostly “a personal story about his drive, Pat and Mike Vilary are freshmen on the tion Center. The 143,000-square-foot 47 Wicks, the most outstanding player of the 1970 his optimism, the way he went about facing any junior varsity men’s basketball team. Sisters Jen facility will include a 2,000-seat arena, bas- 48 Final Four, donned No. 35 for UCLA. He en- kind of problem.” and Steph Dravis are sophomore starters in wo- ketball and indoor tennis courts, indoor 49 joyed a 10-year career in the NBA and was “The most emotional part is after he gets the men’s basketball. Jen and Christy Sonnenberg, jogging track, squash and racquetball 50 named the league’s 1972 rookie of the year. cancer diagnosis and tries to approach that the juniors, have roomed together since their fresh- courts, and a wrestling arena. It also will 51 As a sophomore in 1975, Johnson helped same way, trying to fight it the way he had done man year, and both start on the field hockey house a weight room, multipurpose 52 lead the Bruins to their 10th championship title. with other obstacles,” Bill Arnold, director of team. health and exercise room, locker rooms, 53 Johnson shares No. 54 with his son Kris, a cur- the North Carolina State Film Office, told The “We decided to go to college together,” Christy and athletics department offices. 54 rent Bruin. Associated Press. said. “I don’t think we would have lasted apart, A statue of former Western Kentucky 55 because we are really close.” University men’s basketball coach E. A. 56 Junior swimmers Lou and Larry Otremba Diddle has been unveiled in the lobby of 57 ‘The Jim Valvano Story’ Double vision qualified last year for the short-course world the arena that bears his name. Whitey 58 CBS Television will air the life story of former Seeing double at Gettysburg College is not a triathlon championships. Twins Wendy and Sanders, a former Hilltopper quarterback 59 North Carolina State University men’s basket- rarity. The school’s athletics program has six Sue Elles were soccer captains last season, and and retired Pulitzer Prize-winning editori- 60 ball coach Jim Valvano, who died of cancer in sets of identical twins competing as student-ath- Wendy was the Centennial Conference play- al cartoonist at the Milwaukee Journal, 61 April 1993. “The Jim Valvano Story” will be shot letes this academic year. er of the year. They, too, have been room- sculpted the work, which weighs nearly 62 mostly in and around Wilmington, North Caroli- Twins occur about once in every 90 births mates. one ton. The project was funded by for- 63 na, and is set to air this spring. and, of those, one-third are identical. mer Western Kentucky student-athletes 64 Actor Anthony LaPaglia, who starred in the Ken and Peter Rittenhouse, freshman foot- — Compiled by Lisa Stalcup from various sports. 65 66 67 68 AFCA develops five-point plan to battle agent problem The NCAA News 69 [ISSN 0027-6170] 70 Members of the American Football Coaches Association have developed New Orleans last month. The coaches discussed the problem for three 71 a five-point plan for dealing with unscrupulous sports agents. hours in Dallas after having talked about it for four hours in New Orleans. Published weekly, except bi- 72 The plan, adopted at an AFCA issues meeting February 12 in Dallas, “It’s about more than opening the lines of communication,” Mackovic weekly in the summer, by the 73 involves: told The Dallas Morning News. “We’re actively looking for answers. We’re National Collegiate Athletic As- 74 ■ Requesting the NCAA and the National Football League to develop an talking about more than just the player-agent problem. We’re trying to sociation, 6201 College Boule- 75 educational video that would help players distinguish good agents from come up with solutions that reach across the board.” vard, Overland Park, Kansas 76 bad ones. Mackovic acknowledged that the five-point plan will not eliminate un- 66211-2422. Phone 913/339- 77 ■ Having the AFCA serve as a clearinghouse for ideas on how to address scrupulous agents nor will it eliminate temptation for student-athletes. But 1906. Subscription rate: $24 78 the problem. he said it will provide the means for student-athletes to be better educated annually prepaid; $15 annually 79 ■ Asking states to develop a uniform code for registering sports agents. to make an informed choice. prepaid for junior college and 80 ■ Opening lines of communication between the AFCA and the NFL Pla- “I think there’s always been a fear around the schools that the coaches high-school faculty members 81 yers Association. would help uncover violations, and the NCAA would hit them with sanc- and students; $12 annually pre- 82 ■ Improving the relationship between coaches and players. tions and probations,” University of Miami (Florida) coach Butch Davis told paid for students and faculty at 83 “We feel the AFCA should play quarterback on this issue,” said University the Morning News. “If it was dealt with in a different way, if one player was NCAA member institutions; 84 of Texas at Austin football coach John Mackovic, who chaired the discus- punished instead of all 85 in a program, it could help them take some steps $74 annually for foreign sub- 85 sion. Mackovic also chaired a similar forum at the AFCA convention in in the right direction.” scriptions. For first-class up- 86 grade, forward an additional 87 $50 (except foreign orders). 88 ■ Committee notices No refunds on subscriptions. 89 Second-class postage paid at 90 Shawnee Mission, Kansas. Ad- 91 Member institutions are invited to submit nominations to fill interim vacan- sitions are earmarked for Division I-AA and three for Division I-AAA. The dress corrections requested. 92 cies on NCAA committees. Written nominations to fill the following vacan- current consultant to the committee will assume one of the Division I-AA po- Postmaster send address chan- 93 cies must be received by Fannie B. Vaughan, executive assistant, in the NCAA sitions. The membership is invited to submit nominations for the other five ges to NCAA Publishing, 6201 94 national office no later than March 4, 1996 (fax number 913/339-0035). positions. College Boulevard, Overland 95 Special Events Committee: Legislation adopted at the 1996 NCAA Con- Men’s Basketball Rules Committee: Replacement for Ralph Barkey, re- Park, Kansas 66211-2422. 96 vention adds six positions to the NCAA Special Events Committee. Three po- signed from Sonoma State University. Appointee must be from Division II. 97
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COPY: MARCIA: Page 4 The NCAA News February 19, 1996 Comment Coaches need to step up as role models The NCAA News BY BRUCE KNITTLE football coach, was fired for punching an coach is a positive role model, this goal can Editor-in-chief The Comment section COLLEGE OF STATEN ISLAND opposing team’s player. be most effectively accomplished. David Pickle of The NCAA News is This behavior among coaches is not lim- The lessons that a coach imparts upon Managing editor offered as a page of Today, so much attention is addressed to ited to the professional or big-time college a youngster go beyond the athletics field. Jack L. Copeland athletes’ behavior on and off the playing sports world. I have witnessed two oppos- A player looks to a coach as someone who Assistant editor opinion. The views do Vikki K.Watson not necessarily repre- field. Often their actions do leave much to ing college tennis coaches get into a shov- “knows the way.” Therefore, it is impera- Editorial and sent a consensus of the be desired, and close scrutiny should be ing match and shout obscenities at each tive that he or she positively exert this in- advertising assistant NCAA membership. focused on their sportsmanship. other. This was in full view of parents and fluence. Coaches can instill the values of Ronald D. Mott Conversely, not enough attention is di- student-athletes. Recently, a mother of a 6- hard work, teamwork and sportsmanship. The NCAA News is available from University Microfilms, International. rected at the coaches. This point became year-old told me her son does not want to These traits, often learned for the first time For more information, call toll-free clear to me recently while watching the play soccer anymore. It seems that the boy’s in an athletics setting, can be used for a 800/521-0600, Ext. 2888. Peach Bowl football game on television. soccer coach yells at him and other team lifetime. Late in a close game, Ray Goff, then the members. Now soccer is not fun anymore Good examples University of Georgia head coach, reacting for this youngster. to a perceived bad call by an official, com- There are, of course, good coaches with Guest editorial List goes on too long pletely lost his cool. He was ranting and rav- high integrity. Dean Smith, the basketball ing and for a few minutes seemingly lost all Unfortunately, the list goes on and on. coach at the University of North Carolina, sense of rationality. This long list would include the top pro- Chapel Hill, is an example of someone Changing times dictate This tirade was viewed on national tele- fessional leagues to the lowest children’s whose character is unquestioned. Both he vision for millions of people to see. The levels. Wherever competition is found, it and his teams are usually models of good expansion of volleyball broadcasters, noting his prolonged tantrum, seems there are coaches who want to win sportsmanship. Don Shula, the former Mia- stated that he should just let it go. They said at all costs. In their quest for winning, these mi Dolphins coach, is another individual BY SANDRA L.VIVAS Goff was hurting his team by not being fo- individuals seem to forget what negative whose reputation was beyond reproach. He AMERICAN VOLLEYBALL COACHES ASSOCIATION cused for the next play. consequences can ensue. always showed great respect for the game Ray Goff, of course, is not the only coach My belief is that a coach should be a role and the players in it. Recently, the NCAA Division I Women’s to act this way. Bob Knight, the Indiana Uni- model for his or her team and the organi- Overall, coaches have to be made more Volleyball Committee sent a survey to coach- versity, Bloomington, basketball coach, is zation he or she represents. Coaches often accountable for their behavior. Administra- well-known not only for screaming at offi- play a central part in the lives of players tors and the general public often look the es regarding the implementa- cials but also at his own players. Many times from the time they are kids. Many times, other way as long as these coaches produce tion of predetermined re- Knight can be seen verbally humiliating a coaches are the authority figure children winning records. This misguided tolerance gional sites and playing dates player after a mistake. look up to and learn from. A coach has to has to be scrutinized more closely. for the national champion- Billy Martin, the former New York be aware that his or her behavior is what A youngster’s development process is at ship. However, the real $64 Yankees manager, would resort when upset the players likely will emulate. stake, and what can be more important than question in the minds of vol- to obscenity-laden tirades. Once he near- An important part of being a leader is to that? ly came to blows with one of his own play- help the individual be the best he or she leyball coaches is: “When is ers, Reggie Jackson, during a game. Woody can be. Incorporating this concept to a team Bruce Knittle is men’s and women’s tennis the tournament going to be Hayes, the legendary Ohio State University goal is what a coach strives for. When the coach at the College of Staten Island. increased to 64 teams?” The answer should be: “Right now!” Vivas Opinions The evolution of women’s collegiate volleyball since it has been an NCAA championship is similar to that of the NCAA was right to stick to tougher academic agenda computer industry — improvement in the Editorial early years and exponential improvement a man’s prerogative. They can do anything men can do, up to and St. Petersburg Times including shot-putting or javelin throwing. and growth throughout the country in the “At their annual meeting recently, delegates from Division I “But it begs the question. Do men’s sports have to be slain to past few years. We have gone from a sport conferences and institutions of the NCAA upheld all of the pro- make room for women’s of the same genre? The justification is visions of (legislation that) raises academic standards for athletes that was once dominated by West Coast teams that men’s sport still makes up 60 percent of the participatory total to qualify to practice and receive aid, but not to compete, during to one that had for the first time two non- in terms of scholarships. their first year. Californian/non-Hawaiian finalists. In the “These new freshman requirements came in response to a “But this argument factors in the 85 scholarships the football December 1995 championship match, one nationwide push to make sure that athletes are academically pre- program commands. As there is no women’s counterpart, no team was from the South and the other was pared to get the most out of their college and university experi- female football team challenging for these scholarships, should from the Midwest (with no West Coast ath- ences. The measure gives low-achieving athletes a better than they then be counted? letes on either team). The sport is on the even chance of graduating in a reasonable period. “To juggle the numbers to make them balance, would men’s move, both in attendance and television cov- “Under the new rules, incoming athletes who fail the minimum basketball ever be discontinued at UCLA to make way for women’s requirements to play can be admitted as partial qualifiers with basketball? Oh, sure! There are now 11 women’s sports at UCLA, erage, and quality of athlete. And, once the Scholastic Assessment Test scores as low as 720 (or 59 on the and 10 men’s. Women’s volleyball rates 12 scholarships, men’s Olympics begin, volleyball will be seen all American College Test). But they must have a 2.750 high school four. over the screen. grade-point average in 13 core courses. Partial qualifiers will be “How wonderfully American! To redress a wrong with a wrong.” Recent legislation at the NCAA Convention permitted to practice and receive scholarships during their fresh- makes the move to 64 a more urgent issue man year, but they cannot compete. They would keep three years of eligibility. Foreign basketball players now. The monetary obligations of Proposal “Opponents of the proposal argued that many athletes, espe- Lon Kruger, men’s basketball coach No. 69 effectively shut down the operations cially minorities, would be kept from attending college. But a 1995 University of Florida of the National Invitational Volleyball NCAA study of the records of 55,524 prospective athletes showed The Dallas Morning News that 86.5 percent would be eligible to compete if they entered col- Championship (NIVC). Founded in 1989 as Discussing why foreign basketball players are becoming more common: lege this fall. Only 597, less than 1 percent, would be partial qual- the Women’s Invitational Volleyball Champ- “I think it’s a combination of things. We don’t have any foreign ifiers. So again, the doomsayers are wrong. ionship, this postseason tournament was the players on roster now. But we have had in the past and they are “Although (the legislation) initially will cause problems for excellent students. We have never gone overseas to recruit. We brainchild of veteran coaches who identified some athletes, it will ultimately benefit everyone. The measure is have seen them in this country during exhibition games. a decided lack of postseason opportunities a powerful incentive for high-school players to start studying much “I think there is more a willingness on their part to come to the for a considerable number of the nation’s sooner, to start taking the 13 core courses they will need to qual- U.S. They can see opportunity to further expand academic hori- ify. The NCAA acted correctly in not lowering the bar.” best volleyball players and teams. zons as well as an opportunity to play.” A total of 61 teams made it to NCAA post- season play in the eight years prior to the Gender equity Athlete violence NIVC. The NIVC provided an additional 34 Jim Murray, columnist Todd Crosset, sports management professor teams with postseason opportunities. Eighty- Los Angeles Times University of Massachusetts,Amherst nine different teams have played in the From a column discussing the discontinuation of the successful men’s Dayton Daily News NIVC. Nineteen institutions that had never gymnastics program at the University of California, Los Angeles: “If you want to change — really change — you have to change been to the NCAA tournament competed in “Now, there are certain things you can’t win in this life: 1. a the culture of the athletics department. That means coaches need the NIVC and went on to the NCAA in future state lottery; 2. an argument with your wife; 3. a poker game on a to understand domestic violence. They need to understand some years. boat; and 4. a disagreement with the women’s movement. of the pressures their athletes are under. They need to under- “ ‘Gender equity’ is a principle dear to the hearts of women ath- Currently, the NCAA provides 48 slots in its stand the recreational drug use. letes and their activist champions. Their theme song should be “They need to reevaluate: What are they teaching men? What the one from ‘Annie Get Your Gun’: ‘Anything You Can Do, I Can do they need to teach men? That sort of deep thinking, mission See Volleyball, page 5 ➤ Do Better.’ Their proposition is simple: Sports are no longer just evaluation, is not taking place on our campuses.” February 19, 1996 The NCAA News Page 5
“ the inability of the National Softball Coaches Association (NSCA) Over the past few years, the to steer proposed rules changes through the ASA process. Playing by “It was difficult to make a change within the ASA,” Drysdale ASA rules...have sort of been said. “The NSCA itself had one vote within the ASA structure. diverging from the college game.” One would have to go through the internal ASA structure to effect change. What we ended up doing was adopting the ASA rules a different JAY MILLER,UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI,COLUMBIA and then making exceptions for our game. “One of the most significant things is that, for years, we’ve had this rules committee within the coaches association that has not been able to effect change. Now we can sit down and discuss set of rules They are making rules changes for the masses. We’re concen- what’s really best for our game and be able to, in a much more trating on the elite softball players.” timely manner, effect change,” Drysdale said. One byproduct college softball coaches seek as a result of Different goal Now under ASA standards, establishing NCAA rules is improved officiating. With an abundance of summer softball leagues in almost every “It will definitely help to have our own rules in this regard,” NCAA softball looks forward community, a goal of increased participation certainly has been Drysdale said. “In the past, we hired ASA officials. They would met. But the college game has a different goal in mind, accord- come to our game, and we would present them with the rules dif- to using its own rules in 1997 ing to Sharon Drysdale, head coach at Northwestern University ferences. When we have our own rules, there will be a higher and newly selected chair of the NCAA Women’s Softball Rules expectation level that umpires be familiar with our rule book. BY LAURIE BOLLIG Committee. They will come to the field with the NCAA book.” STAFF WRITER “The major difference is that, in my opinion, I believe the ASA Miller sees the potential for greater consistency as well. rules are oriented toward the participants. College softball, while “Down the road, we are hoping this will lead to certification It seems like everybody plays softball. being concerned with the participants, is interested in the sport of NCAA umpires. We’ve had a hard time getting the ASA umpires Church leagues. Recreational leagues. Youth leagues. The from a spectator standpoint,” Drysdale said. to call the pitching rules as strictly as we want them to be called,” company picnic. “Our group is focused on our game and what is best for it,” Miller said. And it seems like everybody who plays softball uses the she said. “Obviously, the high-school rules don’t meet our needs Veteran Women’s College World Series umpire Jeff Hansen Amateur Softball Association’s rules book. Fastpitch, slowpitch, and the ASA rules don’t meet our needs, so we need our own does not see a problem for officials working both ASA and NCAA men, women, boys and girls — they’re all covered in the ASA committee. And we need umpires who are familiar with the dif- competition. book. ferences so that officiating improves. “Basically, what an NCAA rule book will do is take the modi- For more than 10 years, the colleges “The coaches involved in collegiate play have an interest in fications the college coaches want in a game and put them in a and universities that sponsor NCAA the teaching of the game and also the promotion of the sport at book so they are written down and can be followed,” Hansen women’s softball competition have fol- a different level than you would find in the ASA. We have a dif- said. “I don’t think it will be confusing as long as the rules dif- lowed that national governing body’s rules ferent objective and different accountability as well,” Drysdale ferences between the ASA and the NCAA are highlighted in as well. The 1996 season, however, will be said. some form. I would expect the majority of the rules to be the the swan song for those rules in NCAA Already, NCAA softball programs use a set of modifications to same.” softball. ASA rules. Differences include the pitching distance, which is 40 ‘Excellent choices’ Beginning with the 1997 season, the feet in ASA competition and 43 feet at the NCAA level; equip- recently appointed NCAA Women’s Soft- ment specifications, like use of the titanium bat and the yellow Drysdale will be joined on the new committee by Dee Abra- ball Rules Committee will formulate play- ball with raised seams; and fence distances, which are shorter for hamson, assistant athletics director and former head softball ing rules for Association competition, NCAA competition. coach at Northern Illinois University. Abrahamson will serve as making softball the 13th NCAA sport to Drysdale “There have always been a number of exceptions we have the committee’s secretary-rules editor, making her the chief rules maintain its own rules. made to ASA rules,” Drysdale said. “When you get a number interpreter. “Over the past few years, the ASA rules we’ve been following of exceptions, it makes sense to go your own way and build “Both are excellent choices for the committee,” Miller said. have sort of been diverging from the college game,” said Jay Mil- those in.” “Dee’s been around the game for a long time. She did a great ler, head softball coach at the University of Missouri, Columbia. job at Northern Illinois. Sharon’s been really instrumental in our Source of frustration “We’re trying to put a little more offense in the game. We’ve been coaches association in terms of rewriting our constitution. She frustrated trying to get rules passed through the ASA process. Drysdale said a source of frustration for several years has been is very detail-oriented and will be a leader for this committee.”
Nine become first members of Women’s Softball Rules Committee
responsible for formulating the official play- State University, Bakersfield; Anita Kubicka, The NCAA Executive Committee recom- Softball will become ing rules for women’s softball. Montclair State University; and Sheilah A. mended and the Association’s membership The selected committee members are Lingenfelter, Wittenberg University. approved the establishment of the new com- the 13th NCAA sport Sharon J. Drysdale, Northwestern University, Dee Abrahamson, Northern Illinois Uni- mittee at January’s NCAA Convention. serving as committee chair; Joyce Compton, versity, was named secretary-rules editor. Women’s softball joins baseball, men’s bas- to keep its own rules University of South Carolina, Columbia; Bri- The committee members’ term lengths are ketball, women’s basketball, football, ice hock- an Kolze, University of the Pacific (Califor- staggered from one- to four-year terms since ey and soccer as NCAA sports that have des- The NCAA has announced the members nia); Diane Milutinovich, California State it is a new committee. ignated rules committees. of its first-ever Women’s Softball Rules Com- University, Fresno; Lori Meyer, Mankato Subsequent terms of office will be four Five other NCAA sports also use their own mittee. The nine-member committee will be State University; Kathy Welter, California years. rules.
Volleyball With elimination of National Invitational Volleyball Championship, time has arrived for 64-team Division I bracket
➤ Continued from page 4 and quality championship teams have no op- As has been proven, if you promote it, they will moted, given time to market. portunity for postseason play. come. Ultimately, the persons affected are the stu- championship, up from 32 in 1993 and prior. Thirteen new teams have been added to Indeed, the 1994-95 NCAA Annual Reports dent-athletes. After administering the NIVC for The NIVC invited 20 teams to participate each NCAA women’s volleyball sponsorship since shows the largest disparity of numbers of stu- the past seven years, it is apparent that not only year, up from 16 the inaugural year. 1994. In 1996, an additional five teams, at least, dent-athletes participating in men’s vs. women’s do we have the quality of teams needed to com- The move from 32 to 48 occurred after the will be playing Division I volleyball for the first championships is in Division I. Adding 16 vol- pete with 64, but the student-athletes’ enthusi- NCAA Executive Committee reviewed all cham- time, a 6.6 percent increase in two years. We cur- leyball teams to the field will lower this inequity. asm for the sport and for the competition is pionships. The tiers are in 30 percent incre- rently are at 93.4 percent sponsorship, and with It will not be simply to increase numbers, but to unending. ments for the grouping of sponsored sports 64 teams, the percentage of total volleyball teams provide legitimate teams with the opportunity The NIVC experience illustrated to them the until the 90 percent level; baseball and volley- playing in the NCAA postseason would be near- to attain the national crown. Unfortunately, with possibilities that exist in pursuing excellence. ball fall into the 90 to 95 percent level; and ly equal to women’s basketball. There is no de- the abrupt cancellation of the NIVC, volleyball During the 1995 tournament, we had a classic men’s and women’s basketball are at the 95 per- bate the sport is growing; we believe the tour- teams actually have lost 20 opportunities. example of this. In the finals of pool play, Pep- cent-plus level. The differences between these nament should grow with it. Adding these numbers also would necessi- perdine University played the University of levels is a mere five percent. In 1994, 16 teams We have all seen the explosion in growth and tate the seeding of 16 teams and naming pre- Rhode Island to go to the semifinals — a peren- were added to both the women’s basketball and popularity of women’s collegiate basketball. determined regional sites. For all practical pur- nial volleyball power vs., well, “one of those East volleyball championships. There is no doubt that NCAA television sup- poses, although not in the committee’s rules, it Coast teams.” Five games and two hours later, What the NIVC proved after the move to 48 port, both in terms of money and promotional was apparent that the committee had to at least Rhode Island was on its way to the next morn- was that a significant number of teams were left assistance, were key ingredients to propel the look at 16, along with the required eight seeds, ing’s matches. It was an engrossing, powerful, out of an NCAA championship opportunity. interest. The resulting media exposure also has this past December. The teams were so even entertaining and exciting match. And each Why? Because in determining that each con- increased interest. Increasing the field to 64 that not doing so would have been cause for NIVC has had matches like that one. ference would have an opportunity to be a part teams not only has given basketball more expo- complete bracket chaos. With 64 teams and the NCAA backing the of the tournament via the play-in structure, legit- sure, but has provided increased opportunities And predetermined sites are crucial. The event, those matches will only get better. imate contenders were left out; those teams for more student-athletes to experience post- coaches are completely behind this move, as instead traveled to the NIVC. season play. The step was taken and the plan- we have proven sites throughout the country Sandra L. Vivas is executive director of the Ameri- Now, with no place to go, the field is squeezed ning was in place to take advantage of the move. that will draw for volleyball and can be pro- can Volleyball Coaches Association. Page 6 The NCAA News February 19, 1996
1 Consultants create OTHER HIGHLIGHTS 2 3 4 initial-eligibility index 5 Foreign Student Records Consultants Heard an update from NCAA Initial-Eligibility Clear- 6 February 2-3/Lake Tahoe, Nevada inghouse assistant manager Ellen Wetzel, who reported 7 for each foreign country that nearly 5,000 foreign student-athletes are registered 8 Agreed to issue an addendum to the Guide to In- in the clearinghouse database to date. Nearly 1,600 were The NCAA Foreign Student Re- institutions were unable to determine 9 ternational Academic Standards for Athletics Eligibility 1994 foreign graduates who entered NCAA schools in cords Consultants completed an ini- a test score they would need to cor- 10 for students entering in the fall of 1996. The adden- the 1994-95 academic year and 2,300 were 1995 gradu- tial-eligibility index for each foreign respond with their grade-point aver- 11 dum will correct any errors in that edition of the guide ates who entered school in 1995-96. More than 850 are country during their annual meeting ages. 12 and will explain the availability of the newly complet- 1996 graduates who will enter school next fall. February 2-3 in Lake Tahoe, Nevada. The index will be given to the NCAA 13 ed index (see accompanying story). The addendum will Confirmed that a grade of “P” or “C-” (50-59 per- The consultants several years ago Academic Requirements Committee 14 be mailed in late February or early March. cent) in British Columbia, Canada, equates to a U.S. developed the end points for the in- for review then, after that committee’s 15 Reviewed the manuscript for the 1997 guide, grade of “D,” based upon information from the Minis- dex (equivalencies for United States approval, will be made available by 16 including updates on outlines for Denmark, Norway try of Education in that province. The consultants deter- 2.000 and 2.500 grade-point averages), request from conference offices or the 17 and Sweden. In addition, the consultants considered mined that such a grade should only receive one qual- but this year developed equivalencies NCAA legislative services staff. 18 the addition of Latvia and the Dominican Republic for ity point (a grade of “D”) in the calculation of a student’s for the points in between for each cer- The consultants also reviewed 1996 19 the 1998 guide. initial-eligibility status. tificate in each country listed in the NCAA Convention Proposal No. 60, 20 Guide to International Academic adopted by Divisions I and II, which 21 Standards for Athletics Eligibility, ef- eliminates the use of eighth-grade 22 fective for the 1996-97 academic year. courses to satisfy core-curriculum re- the Academic Requirements Com- system. In those systems, eighth grade dents would have only six semesters 23 Concerns had been raised that quirements. mittee that this proposal not be appli- is equivalent to ninth grade in a 12- to complete core-course require- 24 foreign students entering Division I The consultants will recommend to cable to countries that use an 11-year year system; thus, 11-year-system stu- ments. 25 26 27 28 Alignment, site criteria top III volleyball committee meeting 29 30 Regional alignment and site-selec- In addition to its desire to obtain The committee also addressed site- weather, accessibility and transporta- the quality of the experience for the 31 tion criteria dominated the NCAA input from the membership, the com- selection criteria used to determine tion costs); (3) seeding (at the regional participating student-athletes. 32 Division III Women’s Volleyball Com- mittee cited the following reasons for host institutions for each round of the level only); (4) rotation of sites; and (5) In addition to the recommended 33 mittee’s annual meeting February 5-8 postponing realignment: the impact Division III women’s championship. attendance history and revenue poten- criteria, the committee will solicit in its 34 in Key West, Florida. of incoming provisional members, The committee will recommend to tial, which shall be considered neces- facility-evaluation form the number 35 The committee voted to maintain additional schools joining the NCAA the NCAA Executive Committee the sary to assure fiscal responsibility. of times an institution has hosted 36 the current eight-region alignment for from the National Association of In- following selection-criteria priority: (1) The committee wants to provide as championship competition during the 37 1996, but it will solicit proposals from tercollegiate Athletics, conference re- Quality and availability of the facility many schools as possible with the last five years. Such data would be con- 38 the membership for possible realign- alignment and the effects of NCAA and other necessary accommodations; opportunity to host championship sidered when the committee awards 39 ment in 1997. restructuring. (2) geographical location (including competition without compromising sites for the 1996 championship. 40 41 42 43 Restructuring 44 NCAA-produced TV spot 45 Division III transition team will meet for first time February 20-21 46 wins PSA media award 47 ➤ Continued from page 1 No. 7. That legislation guaranteed the to championships. 48 An NCAA-produced public-ser- the dangers of drinking and dri- division 3.18 percent of the Associa- The transition team is the same as 49 vice announcement captured the ving. al membership to make certain they tion’s operating revenues. the Division III Task Force to Review 50 Best Television Public Service The spots were produced with are adjusting to NCAA rules. A subcommittee of the transition the NCAA Membership Structure. 51 Announcement award recently at Global Exchange, Inc., a Bethes- With regard to championship mat- team will meet with the Division III New Division III Steering Committee 52 the first annual Distinction in da, Maryland,-based communi- ters, the group is expected to con- subcommittee of the Presidents Com- members Lynda J. Calkins of Hollins 53 Media Excellence (DIME) Awards cations firm. The campaign rep- sider a number of alternatives. The mission March 27 in New York City, College and John S. Biddiscombe of 54 for health-care reporting. resents a portion of the NCAA’s most immediate consideration in- primarily to review championships Wesleyan College (Georgia) also have 55 Two other NCAA-produced pub- commitment to TEAM (Techni- volves the possibility of larger brac- issues and possible legislative initia- been added to the group. 56 lic-service announcements also ques for Effective Alcohol Man- ket sizes, at least for team sports. tives for the 1997 Convention. James R. Appleton, president of 57 were nominated for the award. agement), a 16-member coalition Longer-range questions involve Ultimately, the transition team, the University of Redlands, and 58 The competition is conducted by that includes the four major pro- whether the division should subdi- which now contains 22 individuals, Daniel L. Bridges, director of ath- 59 the Washington, D.C., area March fessional sports leagues, the Na- vide, whether there should be coex- may divide into subcommittees focus- letics at California Institute of Tech- 60 of Dimes. tional Safety Council and the Na- istent regional and national cham- ing on championships, membership nology, will cochair the transition 61 The winning spot, titled “Video tional Association of Broadcast- pionships or whether the Association requirements and governance. team. Daniel T. Dutcher recently was 62 Game,” takes the viewer in a split ers. should consider the establishment In their work, they will be guided appointed NCAA Division III chief 63 second from seemingly harmless James A. Marchiony, NCAA di- of a Division IV. by feedback forms the membership of staff. 64 play at a video game to a tragic sit- rector of broadcast services, and The championships-enhancement was provided at the Convention’s Di- In another restructuring matter, 65 uation on the road. Frank D. Uryasz, NCAA director matter is somewhat urgent since the vision III business session. However, Division I conferences are expected 66 The campaign was developed of sports sciences, represent the division’s revenue allotment will grow a preliminary review of that infor- to complete selection of Board of 67 to educate young people about NCAA on TEAM. next year as a result of the provisions mation suggests that little consensus Director and Management Council 68 of 1996 NCAA Convention Proposal exists in the membership with regard members by early March. 69 70 71 Freedom Forum/NCAA Foundation 72 73 sports journalism winners selected 74 75 Winners of the Freedom Forum- date. 76 NCAA Foundation Sports Journalism The winners are: Jenni Carlson, 77 Scholarships for the 1996-1997 acad- University of Kansas; Damon Hodge, 78 emic year have been announced. Southern University, Baton Rouge; 79 The eight winners of the $3,000 Jennifer Jones, Princeton University; 80 undergraduate awards were chosen Jacob Luft, University of Florida; Male- 81 from a field of 85 applicants. na Salberg, Princeton University; Mic- 82 This is the fourth year of the pro- hael Sielski, La Salle University; Hung 83 gram. The Freedom Forum has pro- Tsai, Humboldt State University; and 84 vided $205,000 for the program to Jodie Valade, Northwestern University. 85 86 87 88 Have a photo idea? 89 90 Mail stories and photos (black-and-white preferred) to 91 Jack L. Copeland, Managing Editor, The NCAA News, 92 93 6201 College Boulevard, Overland Park, Kansas 66211- 94 2422. 95 96 97
DUE DATE SECTION PAGE DAVE: VIKKI: FINAL OK:
COPY: MARCIA: February 19,1996 The NCAA News Page 7 Numbers Participation figures break 1985-86 record by almost 3,800; women’s numbers up 4.7 percent over last year
➤ Continued from page 1 increased by 700 but declined by 450 in Division ry declines in men’s participation involved gym- The sport with the largest decline in spon- I-A and 174 in Division I-AA. The net gain was nastics, down 14.4 percent; water polo, down 11.2 sorship was wrestling, down seven from 264 to es involved women’s crew, 17.9 percent; women’s 76 (0.1 percent). percent; and crew, down 10.9 percent. 257. Other sports that showed sponsorship drops soccer, 15.5 percent; and women’s fencing, 13.6 Sports with a decline of more than 100 were The largest increase in sponsorship involved were men’s gymnastics, four; men’s rifle, men’s percent. The men’s sports with the largest per- men’s outdoor track, 494; men’s indoor track, 458; the 69-institution jump in women’s soccer. The outdoor track and men’s fencing, three; men’s centage increases were basketball, 7.5 percent; men’s swimming and diving, 324; men’s crew, next largest increase was women’s cross coun- water polo, women’s gymnastics and women’s lacrosse, 2.3 percent; and soccer, 2.2. 254; baseball, 156; wrestling, 123; and men’s cross try (20), followed by women’s volleyball (18), and fencing, two; and men’s ice hockey, men’s crew Football participation in Divisions II and III country, 109. In terms of percentage, the prima- men’s golf and women’s tennis (15). and men’s volleyball, one.
HIGHEST 1994-1995 PARTICIPATION STUDY — MEN’S SPORTS PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION BY
Division I Division II Division III Overall PARTICIPANTS, SPORT, 1994-95 Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Sports Teams Athletes Squad Teams Athletes Squad Teams Athletes Squad Teams Athletes Squad 1982 TO 1994 Baseball ...... 269 9,200 34.2 195 5,831 29.9 292 7,388 25.3 756 22,419 29.65 Basketball...... 302 4,500 14.9 244 3,538 14.5 322 6,311 19.6 868 14,349 16.53 1. Football...... 50,956 Cross Country...... 289 4,451 15.4 186 2,027 10.9 261 3,263 12.5 736 9,741 13.24 2. Baseball ...... 22,419 Fencing...... 23 426 18.5 0 0 0.0 19 289 15.2 42 715 17.02 Football...... 224 23,137 103.3 141 11,900 84.4 201 15,919 79.2 566 50,956 90.03 1982-83...... 30.8% 3. Men’s Football I-A ...... (107) (11,963) (111.8) — — — — — — — — — 1983-84...... 31.0 outdoor track...... 17,800 Football I-AA ...... (117) (11,174) (95.5) — — — — — — — — — Golf...... 277 3,269 11.8 156 1,544 9.9 219 2,190 10.0 652 7,003 10.74 1984-85...... 31.3 4. Men’s soccer...... 15,409 Gymnastics...... 29 421 14.5 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 29 421 14.52 1985-86...... 32.3 Ice Hockey ...... 50 1,485 29.7 13 391 30.1 59 1,729 29.3 122 3,605 29.55 5. Men’s Lacrosse ...... 52 2,023 38.9 27 734 27.2 93 2,651 28.5 172 5,408 31.44 1986-87...... 32.4 indoor track...... 15,114 Rifle ...... 30 348 11.6 0 0 0.0 13 95 7.3 43 443 10.30 Skiing ...... 11 205 18.6 8 87 10.9 16 243 15.2 35 535 15.29 1987-88...... 33.4 6. Men’s basketball ...... 14,349 Soccer ...... 194 5,141 26.5 128 3,046 23.8 296 7,222 24.4 618 15,409 24.93 1988-89...... 33.7 7. Women’s Swimming ...... 157 3,768 24.0 45 770 17.1 166 2,689 16.2 368 7,227 19.64 Tennis...... 272 2,856 10.5 170 1,581 9.3 284 3,067 10.8 726 7,504 10.34 1989-90...... 33.5 outdoor track...... 13,896 Track, Indoor...... 232 8,375 36.1 91 2,430 26.7 167 4,309 25.8 490 15,114 30.84 1990-91...... 33.4 8. Women’s Track, Outdoor...... 250 8,950 35.8 128 3,264 25.5 210 5,586 26.6 588 17,800 30.27 Volleyball ...... 22 394 17.9 10 125 12.5 28 347 12.4 60 866 14.43 1991-92...... 34.1 basketball ...... 12,656 Water Polo...... 25 533 21.3 0 0 0.0 12 214 17.8 37 747 20.19 Wrestling...... 104 3,151 30.3 46 1,118 24.3 107 2,076 19.4 257 6,345 24.69 1992-93...... 34.8 9. Women’s Subtotal...... 82,633 38,386 65,588 186,607 1993-94...... 35.7 indoor track...... 11,835 Crew ...... 34 1,411 41.5 9 171 19.0 16 486 30.4 59 2,068 35.06 Squash...... 7 139 19.8 0 0 0.0 18 270 15.0 25 409 16.36 1994-95...... 36.9 10. Women’s softball...... 11,212 TOTAL ...... 84,183 38,557 66,344 189,084 Notes: 1. Participation totals are adjusted to reflect all institutions sponsoring each sport. 2. Sports sponsored by fewer than a total of 10 institutions are not included in this survey. 3. Totals in several sports include mixed (men’s and women’s) teams. PARTICIPATION COMPARISON BY DIVISION
ARTICIPATION STUDY OMEN S SPORTS 1994-1995 P — W ’ Division I 1993-94 1994-95 Diff. Pct. change Division I Division II Division III Overall Men’s sports ...... 86,223 84,183 –2,040 –2.4% Avg. Avg. Avg. Avg. Sports Teams Athletes Squad Teams Athletes Squad Teams Athletes Squad Teams Athletes Squad Women’s sports ...... 44,361 46,225 +1,864 +4.2% Basketball ...... 293 4,102 14.0 242 3,243 13.4 334 5,311 15.9 869 12,656 14.56 Total...... 130,584 130,408 –176 –0.1% Cross Country...... 295 3,983 13.5 191 1,910 10.0 261 3,106 11.9 747 8,999 12.05 Fencing...... 24 295 12.3 0 0 0.0 17 172 10.1 41 467 11.39 Field Hockey...... 71 1,562 22.0 22 506 23.0 128 2,611 20.4 221 4,679 21.17 Division II Golf ...... 146 1,270 8.7 25 185 7.4 45 324 7.2 216 1,779 8.24 Gymnastics...... 67 945 14.1 10 126 12.6 13 173 13.3 90 1,244 13.82 1993-94 1994-95 Diff. Pct. change Lacrosse...... 40 956 23.9 12 302 25.2 92 1,960 21.3 144 3,218 22.35 Skiing...... 13 164 12.6 7 68 9.7 17 201 11.8 37 433 11.70 Men’s sports ...... 38,984 38,557 –427 –1.1% Soccer...... 154 3,557 23.1 97 1,940 20.0 264 5,412 20.5 515 10,909 21.18 Women’s sports ...... 21,009 21,378 +369 +1.8% Softball...... 195 3,491 17.9 191 3,266 17.1 270 4,455 16.5 656 11,212 17.09 Swimming...... 164 3,854 23.5 53 875 16.5 183 3,221 17.6 400 7,950 19.88 Total...... 59,993 59,935 –58 –0.1% Tennis ...... 288 2,707 9.4 181 1,611 8.9 305 3,142 10.3 774 7,460 9.64 Track, Indoor...... 239 6,668 27.9 91 1,847 20.3 166 3,320 20.0 496 11,835 23.86 Track, Outdoor ...... 255 7,140 28.0 125 2,475 19.8 213 4,281 20.1 593 13,896 23.43 Division III Volleyball ...... 282 3,638 12.9 228 2,873 12.6 318 4,357 13.7 828 10,868 13.13 Subtotal...... 44,332 21,227 42,046 107,605 1993-94 1994-95 Diff. Pct. change Crew...... 44 1,804 41.0 8 151 18.9 22 634 28.8 74 2,589 34.99 Men’s sports...... 64,435 66,344 +1,909 +3.0% Squash ...... 6 89 14.8 0 0 0.0 17 241 14.2 23 330 14.35 TOTAL ...... 46,225 21,378 42,921 110,524 Women’s sports ...... 40,162 42,921 +2,759 +6.9% Notes: 1. Participation totals are adjusted to reflect all institutions sponsoring each sport. Total...... 104,597 109,265 +4,668 +4.5% 2. Sports sponsored by fewer than a total of 10 institutions are not included in this survey.