The Florida Historical Quarterly

COVER Civil War veterans reunion on August 31, 1917, in Madison, Florida. Photograph cour- tesy of the Florida State Archives, Tallahassee. The Florida Historical Quarterly Volume LXXVII, Number 3 Winter 1999 The Florida Historical Quarterly (ISSN 0015-4113) is published quarterly by the Flor- ida Historical Society, 1320 Highland Avenue, Melbourne, FL 32935, and is printed by E.O. Painter Printing Co., DeLeon Springs, FL. Second-class postage paid at Tampa, FL, and at additional mailing office. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to the Florida Historical Quarterly, 1320 Highland Avenue, Melbourne, FL 32935. Copyright 1998 by the Florida Historical Society, Melbourne, Florida. THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY Kari Frederickson, Editor Samuel Proctor, Editor Emeritus Nancy Rauscher, Editorial Assistant Imar DaCunha, Graduate Assistant Katherine Giraulo, Undergraduate Assistant EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Raymond O. Arsenault, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg William S. Coker, University of West Florida David R. Colburn, University of Florida James B. Crooks, University of North Florida Kathleen Deagan, University of Florida Wayne Flynt, Auburn University Michael V. Gannon, University of Florida Maxine D. Jones, Florida State University Harry A. Kersey, Jr., Florida Atlantic University Jane Landers, Vanderbilt University Eugene Lyon, Flagler College John K. Mahon, University of Florida Raymond A. Mohl, University of Alabama at Birmingham Gary R. Mormino, University of South Florida Theda Perdue, University of North Carolina Gerald E. Poyo, St. Mary’s University Joe M. Richardson, Florida State University William W. Rogers, Florida State University Daniel L. Schafer, University of North Florida Correspondence concerning contribution, books for review, and all editorial matters should be addressed to the Editor, Florida Historical Quarterly, Department of History, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-1350. The Quarterly is interested in articles and documents pertaining to the history of Florida. Sources, style, footnote form, originality of material and interpretation, clarity of thought, and interest of readers are considered. All copy should be dou- ble spaced and about 25 pages or 6,000 words. Footnotes are to be numbered con- secutively in the text. Documentation should conform to The Chicago Manual of Style. THE AUTHOR SHOULD SUBMIT AN ORIGINAL AND A PHOTOCOPY, RETAINING A COPY FOR SECURITY. Authors are also asked to submit articles on a diskette in IBM WordPerfect 5.1. The Florida Historical Society and the editor of the Florida Historical Quarterly accept no responsibility for statements made or opin- ions held by authors. The Quarterly reviews books dealing with all aspects of Florida history. Books to be reviewed should be sent to the editor together with price and information on how they may be ordered. Special Issue Florida In The Civil War Table Of Contents GRANDER IN HER DAUGHTERS: FLORIDA’S WOMEN DURING THE CIVIL WAR Tracy J. Revels 261 FLORIDA’S SEED CORN: THE HISTORY OF THE WEST FLORIDA SEMINARY DURING THE CIVIL WAR David J. Coles 283 RACE AND CIVIL WAR IN SOUTH FLORIDA Irvin D. Solomon and Grace Erhart 320 FLORIDA HISTORY THROUGH PHOTOGRAPHS: THE CIVIL WAR ................................................................................................................. 342 FLORIDA HISTORY RESEARCH IN PROGRESS . 349 BOOK REVIEWS........................................................................ 361 BOOK NOTES ............................................................................ 397 HISTORY NEWS . 400 BOOK REVIEWS LUMBERMEN AND LOG SAWYERS: LIFE, LABOR, AND CULTURE IN THE NORTH FLORIDA TIMBER INDUSTRY, 1830-1930, by Jeffrey A. Drobney reviewed by Edward F. Keuchel AN AMERICAN BEACH FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS, by Marsha Dean Phelts reviewed by Donald Spivey ALLIGATORS, PREHISTORIC PRESENCE IN THE AMERICAN LANDSCAPE, by Martha A. Strawn reviewed by Dennis L. Scarnecchia JANNUS, AN AMERICAN FLYER, by Thomas Reilly reviewed by George Vergara CONQUISTADOR IN CHAINS: CABEZA DE VACA AND THE INDIANS OF THE AMERICAS, by David A. Howard reviewed by José B. Fernández GOOD WIVES, NASTY WENCHES, AND ANXIOUS PATRIARCHS, by Kathleen M. Brown reviewed by Sally E. Hadden SPIRITS OF THE PASSAGE: THE TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE IN THE SEV- ENTEENTH CENTURY, by Madeline Burnside and Rosemarie Robotham reviewed by Paul S. George LIGHTHOUSES & KEEPERS: THE U. S. LIGHTHOUSE SERVICE AND ITS LEG- ACY, by Dennis L. Noble reviewed by Sandra Henderson Thurlow TRANSFORMING THE COTTON FRONTIER: MADISON COUNTY, ALABAMA, 1800-1840, by Daniel S. Dupre reviewed by Kenneth R. Johnson PLAIN FOLK OF THE SOUTH REVISITED, edited by Samuel C. Hyde Jr. reviewed by James M. Denham SHADES OF BLUE AND GRAY: AN INTRODUCTORY MILITARY HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR, by Herman Hattaway reviewed by Timothy D. Johnson PICKETT’S CHARGE IN HISTORY & MEMORY, by Carol Reardon reviewed by Anne J. Bailey UNDER THE GUARDIANSHIP OF THE NATION: THE FREEDMEN’S BUREAU AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF GEORGIA, 1865-1870, by Paul A. Cimbala reviewed by W. Warren Rogers Jr. CULLEN MONTGOMERY BAKER, RECONSTRUCTION DESPERADO, by Barry A. Crouch and Donald E. Brice reviewed by C. Fred Williams THE TRIAL OF DEMOCRACY: BLACK SUFFRAGE & NORTHERN REPUBLI- CANS, 1860-1910, by Xi Wang reviewed by Joe M. Richardson THE PAPERS OF ANDREW JOHNSON, VOLUME 14, APRIL-AUGUST 1868, edited by Paul H. Bergeron reviewed by Richard N. Current GENDERED STRIFE AND CONFUSION: THE POLITICAL CULTURE OF RE- CONSTRUCTION, by Laura F. Edwards reviewed by Grace Elizabeth Hale A DEVIL AND A GOOD WOMAN, TOO: THE LIVES OF JULIA PETERKIN, by Susan Millar Williams reviewed by Suzanne Marshall SOUTHERN ODYSSEY: SELECTED WRITING BY SHERWOOD ANDERSON, edited by Welford Dunaway Taylor and Charles E. Modlin reviewed by Thorne Compton “WE AIN’T WHAT WE WAS”: CIVIL RIGHTS IN THE NEW SOUTH, by Frederick M. Wirt reviewed by Anne Permaloff Grander in Her Daughters: Florida’s Women During the Civil War by TRACY J. REVELS “ he citizens of the Flowery are determined to maintain their Tjust rights at all hazards; and the fair daughters of Florida are prompt to encourage and cheer their bold defenders,” the Philadel- phia Inquirer reported on February 2, 1861.1 The newspaper not only relayed the latest happenings in the secession movement but prophetically established the trend for the historical view of women’s lives during the Civil War. Florida has received only slight consideration in the vast historical refighting of the war, and if the female “citizens of the Flowery” are mentioned at all, they are portrayed in the traditional roles of motherly matrons and beautiful belles, sending their men off to the front, tending their wounds, and mourning their deaths. A recon- sideration of this stereotype is long overdue, for the daughters of Florida were not merely handkerchief-waving supporters of “The Cause.” They were Confederates, but they were also Unionists, col- laborationists, and neutral observers. They were slave owners and slaves, refugees and rebels. While historians are increasingly exam- ining women’s contributions to the Civil War, they often focus only on Confederate women or those who managed large plantations, missing the vast diversity of female experiences on the home front. As a small state, but one that endured a wide range of wartime events, Florida lends itself to the study of women’s roles in the con- flict. Heroines, cowards, and those who merely wished to be left alone mingled in a state that witnessed virtually every aspect of war, including invasion, occupation, and deprivation. Florida was a small state in terms of inhabitants. The 1860 cen- sus tallied 41,128 white males and 36,619 white females, with a slave population of 31,348 males and 30,397 females. The free black population was minuscule, only 454 males and 478 females. Though Tracy J. Revels is associate professor of history at Wofford College in Spartan- burg, South Carolina. She would like to thank the history faculty and adminis- tration of Wofford College for assistance in preparing this article. 1. Philadelphia Inquirer, February 2, 1861. [261] 262 FLORIDA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY these figures reflected remarkable growth during the prosperous years of the 1850s, the northern press tagged Florida as “the small- est tadpole in the dirty pool of secession.“2 The population was clus- tered in the crescent known as Middle Florida. This region curved from the Panhandle to Ocala and represented the plantation belt of the state. Most Floridians resided on small farms, but the state’s coastal towns were growing with diverse populations, including Yankee entrepreneurs and invalids. Women within the state lived in a variety of conditions, from frontier isolation to small town friend- liness, and even the pretension of cosmopolitan sophistication.3 The move towards secession drew female support. Many un- doubtedly echoed the politics of their menfolk, but they gave their thoughts unique expression. Helen, Maria, Margaret, and Florida Broward, daughters of Colonel John Broward of Duval County, sent a states’ rights manifesto to the Jacksonville Standard on November 6, 1860. After apologizing for daring to speak publicly on political issues, the women took the “Submissionists” to task, asking whether Floridians would “still remain in the Union and trust the tender mercies of the Yankees and protect us by smoky resolutions and compromise, or will they avail themselves of the means given them by God and nature and defend themselves?”

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