Posted on Authorea 5 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161248503.37964234/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. Authors: demic Title: Saudi among Keywords: more common Arabia were Arabia. were Saudi reading Saudi society stress in students; or students and and University university watching anxiety, university, COVID-19; to provided COVID-19, family, depression, Stress; to be Anxiety; from from of should severe Depression; support died Symptoms support 7.2% and or emotional counseling and Conclusion: Psychological with had having moderate students. mild problems. infected not to university 41.1% (15.8% psychological relative mild and them, show symptoms hours/day, or (15.2% to Of anxiety [?]2 symptoms friend likely had stress pandemic a had 26.9% having students. the 22.4% severe), reported about 936 and very who news included severe), Students to very study severe to severe). The 9.4% severe very and 11.1% Results: and moderate their moderate determined to 2020, assessed (DASS-21). to as June mild survey Scale-21 stress The of (31.7% survey. and 18th Stress symptoms anxiety, online and Anxiety depressive an depression, 4th complete Depression of the to manifestations the between invited and were by period Saudi disciplines, Arabia the in Saudi educational During a students in characteristics, university University constitutes Methods: sociodemographic among AlQura and and conditions Umm emergency Material psychological at health the students pandemic. public the assess COVID-19 to a the aimed is during study pandemic This Arabia (COVID-19) health. disease psychological coronavirus to 2019 challenge The Background: Abstract: Abstract 2021 5, February 4 3 2 1 El-Shazly Mohammed Zeinab pandemic Arabia COVID-19 Saudi the in during students university among problems Psychological 6 Arabia Saudi Al-Munawwarah, Madinah 5 Arabia. Saudi 4 3 2 1 Al-Hazazi Omar ad Arabia Saudi abhUiest olg fMedicine of College University Taibah University Taibah available not Affiliation University Beni-Suef eateto optrsine olg fCmue cec n niern,Tia nvriy Yanbu, University, Taibah Engineering, and Science Computer of College science, computer of Department eateto optrsine aut fSine at nvriy Egypt. University, Tanta Science, Japan of Osaka, Faculty University, science, Osaka computer Medicine, of of Department School Graduate Egypt Health, Beni-Suef, University, Public Beni-Suef of Medicine, Department of Faculty Health, Public of Department eateto eiie abhCleeo eiie abhUiest,A-aia Al-Munawwarah, Al-Madinah University, Taibah Medicine, of College Taibah Medicine, of Department eateto cuainladEvrnetlHat,A-aia elhAar ietrt,Al- Directorate, Affairs Health Al-Madinah Health, Environmental and Occupational of Department scooia rbesaogteuiest tdnsi ad rbadrn h OI-9pan- COVID-19 the during Arabia Saudi in students university the among problems Psychological enbMohammed Zeinab 4 mrAl-Hazazi Omar , 8 srfEwis Ashraf , 1 he Arafa Ahmed , 1 9,10 he Arafa Ahmed , 2 n srfEwis Ashraf and , 2 lSydAtlam El-Sayed , 1,2 lSydAtlam El-Sayed , 1 2 3 ae El-Qerafi Nader , 3,4 ae El-Qerafi Nader , 2 5 Momen , oe El-Shazly Momen , 6,7 , Posted on Authorea 5 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161248503.37964234/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. htsnw wa osti td otiuet h literature?) the to contribute study variously. this communities does and (what people affected new? that What’s implications subject?) psychological this many has about pandemic known COVID already is (what known? Arabia. What’s Saudi in students university to provided Keywords: be should support and counseling Psychological university, very family, to problems. from psychological severe support show or 7.2% Conclusion: emotional watching to having COVID-19, and likely not from moderate more died and hours/day, were or to with [?]2 society mild infected pandemic and relative (15.2% the 11.1% or symptoms about and friend news moderate stress a having reading to had reported mild 22.4% who (15.8% Students symptoms and anxiety severe). severe), had very 26.9% severe), to very severe to severe their 9.4% assessed and and moderate survey (DASS-21). anxiety, Scale-21 The depression, Stress survey. Anxiety of Results: Depression online manifestations the an by and complete determined to as disciplines, stress invited educational were characteristics, Arabia sociodemographic Saudi in University conditions psychological AlQura pandemic. the COVID-19 Methods: assess the and to during Material aimed Arabia study Saudi This in health. students psychological university to among challenge a constitutes and Background: Abstract: 208 count: word Abstract Disclosure: Egypt Beni-Suef, University, [email protected] Beni-Suef Medicine, E-mail: of Faculty Health, Public of Department author: Corresponding [email protected] AE: OA:[email protected] [email protected] ME: [email protected] NE: [email protected] EA: [email protected] AA: [email protected] ZM: addresses: Email Arabia Saudi 10 Egypt 9 8 7 eateto ulcHat n cuainlMdcn,Fclyo eiie ii nvriy El-Minia, University, Minia Medicine, of Faculty Medicine, Occupational and Health Public of Department eateto hmsr,Fclyo cec,UmAQr nvriy ec,SuiArabia Saudi Mecca, University, AlQura Umm Science, Egypt of Sohag, Faculty University, Chemistry, Sohag of Medicine, Department of Faculty Medicine, Occupational of Department eateto ulcHat,Fclyo elhSine lufdh m luaUiest,Mecca, University, AlQura Umm AlQunfudah, – Sciences Health of Faculty Health, Public of Department h td nldd96suet.O hm 11 a ersiesmtm 3.%ml to mild (31.7% symptoms depressive had 41.1% them, Of students. 936 included study The ersin nit;Srs;CVD1;Uiest tdns ad Arabia Saudi students; University COVID-19; Stress; Anxiety; Depression; Odslsr eeatt hswork this to relevant disclosure NO yposo ersin nit,adsrs eecmo mn ad nvriystudents. university Saudi among common were stress and anxiety, depression, of Symptoms h 09crnvrsdsae(OI-9 admci ulchat emergency health public a is pandemic (COVID-19) disease coronavirus 2019 The enbMohammed Zeinab uigtepro ewe h 4 the between period the During , etwr count: word Text 2551, 2 Tables: th n 18 and 3, References th fJn 00 h tdnsa Umm at students the 2020, June of 26 : Posted on Authorea 5 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. 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Patient negative as the profound well using had as pandemic population COVID-19 general the the on depression, that of suggested have symptoms studies with 5 Posted on Authorea 5 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161248503.37964234/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. fteCVD1 admc ogtdnlSathn n clgclMmnayAssmn Study. Phases Assessment Early the Momentary During Ecological Students and College Smartphone of Behavior Longitudinal and Health Pandemic: Mental 2020;22(6):e20185. COVID-19 AW. the daSilva JF, of Huckins Quarantine 2020;36(COVID19-S4):S43- of 9. Sci. Impact Med Pandemic: J COVID-19 Pak DC. Behaviors. Klonoff Learning of K, S8. and Sattar Wellbeing stage 2020;36(4):e00054020. Mental AA, initial Students’ Alomar Spain. Medical the AA, on northern Abukhalaf in the SA, levels in Meo depression sample 8. population and and anxiety, a professionals, in Stress, healthcare outbreak M. COVID-19 population, Dosil-Santamaria the 2020:e01730. general N, study. the Ozamiz-Etxebarria cross-sectional A of 7. Jordan: status in health outbreak disease Mental coronavirus 2019 EZ. and during Education students Dahmash university on 2020;12(4):e7541-e. AY, Impact Naser Cureus. (COVID-19): 2020;25(3):219-21. Staff. 2019 6. Academic Health. Disease and Coronavirus Dis Students to Infect Due of COVID-19. Universities Health of of Mental Time Closure face P. the 2020:101692. the Sahu in in disease. 5. Hajj measures infectious R. Bold and Itumalla Arabia: medicine S, Travel Saudi Atique of challenges. Kingdom 4. religious the and in social distancing 2020. economic, social COVID-19 political, . A. of report-174. Khan Psychol. Situation S, Front Yezli (COVID-19). Students. 3. disease University Coronavirus Chinese organization. in health Anxiety World on 2. COVID-19 of Impact The H. 2020;11:1168-. Zhao C, Wang 1. References: manuscript. the of version Funding: published the to agreed and Acknowledgment: read have authors All AE. in of role a Contributions: have Author performance. to psychological universities healthier interest for a of warranted and in Conflict health is pandemic the mental It the and improve to society, to pandemic. family, respond interventions the COVID-19 students psychological from helping the articulate family support to during a emotional used of resilience of be death psychological lack or can problems news, infection findings psychological of related Our with suffered following university. 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In a reminders their with for to sending communication this it participation while of of sending for risk week by means available the questionnaire approach another questionnaire possible minimize online for online To the the availability the (26). all Third, its made bias through We country. non-response questionnaire the University. of the in possibility AlQura universities sent potential the a we pandemic carry of bias, COVID-19 Saudi could rest in the collection university the the one that data of investigating before of conclude representative Second, their conditions cannot not disturbances. psychological measure psychological we maybe such baseline to Therefore, provoke Arabia the to tool cross- reason assessed. and validated the only causality, conditions be the First, a was imply not psychological addressed. using cannot could be the and study pandemic should time, Arabia that COVID-19 this limitations first Saudi of some in the design has students study sectional for the university investigating, However, of as problems. cohort psychological such large strengths a many among carried study This ofnigsource funding no h uhr cnweg h atcptdstudents participated the acknowledge authors The h uhr elr ocmeiginterests. competing no declare authors the : MadA rfe h aucitadsbtnilyrvsdi,udrsupervision under it, revised substantially and manuscript the drafted AA and ZM 6 Posted on Authorea 5 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161248503.37964234/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. hrceitc hrceitc vrl =96(%) 936 n= Overall Characteristics the (years) Age towards attitudes their and Characteristics students university dermatology. Saudi in of 2019;33(3):511-20. surveys characteristics pandemic JEADV. online COVID-19 : of Sociodemographic Venereology Perspectives and 1: Dermatology AA. Table research. of Navarini Academy Psychiatry AM, European pandemic. Mostafa the F, COVID-19 of Anzengruber Journal amid AE, health Arafa mental 26. collegiate Addressing X. 2020;70:124-. Med. Du 2020;288:113003-. Sleep Y, suicide. Zhai and disturbances 25. sleep anxiety, 2020;290:113134-. during COVID-19, research. ideation L. Suicidal Psychiatry Sher NS. insomnia. 24. Dailey of MA, role Grandner The F, Fernandez pandemic: EC, COVID-19 Taylor the world. SA, the Cloonan and WDS, China Killgore on 23. 2019-nCoV Wuhan of impacts Economic pandemic COVID-19 NB. COVID-19 Chiwero and 2020;92(5):473-5. 2020:102188. MK, the Manage. Self-harm Ayittey How FK, Inf in: al. Ayittey J 2020;51:102104-. outside 22. et Int Psychiatr. and media. S, J out social Asian Inside Chakrabarti on India. JB. A, Thatcher self-disclosure from Mehra CMK, affects cases Cheung 2 A, T, of Singh Nabity-Grover report 21. Pal A S, - Parveen concern emerging S, An Rani Pandemic: S, England). 2020;17(2):175-6. psychologi- Sahoo Investig. (London, Psychiatry The 20. Lancet Psychological Therapy. (COVID-19)-Related al. Letter evidence. Coronavirus Novel Structured et the 2019 Problems: on of Consultation N, Mental of and review Approach Greenberg Novel rapid A S, C. it: Xiao Wessely 19. reduce L, to Woodland how LE, and quarantine Smith 2020;395(10227):912-20. of RK, impact Webster cal SK, Journal Brooks (Spain). Psychiatry. Madrid 18. 2020. in lancet England). expectancy The life (Oxford, on health science. pandemic public COVID-19 health the of mental of Impact for U. Trias-Llim´os action Bilal 17. S, research for Multidisciplinary call al. et a L, pandemic: Arseneault S, COVID-19 2020;7(6):547-60. Wessely the I, De- Tracey for The VH, Perry of priorities RC, Version O’Connor Arabic EA, Holmes The Psychiatr. 16. J. J Asian Green testing. SM, discriminant-validation Abdeldayem and N, scaling Sydney, Kawakami 2017;30:56-8. Cumulative ed). A, Scale-21: (2nd Stress Sharaf Anxiety Scales A, pression Stress Ahmed and AM, Anxiety Ali Depression, 15. the for 1995. Manual Foundation. Lovibond. Psychology P. Australia: and P. Lovibond research. Psychiatry 14. university. Spanish a of workers depressive and and students 2020;290:113108-. among PTSD lockdown of COVID-19 and correlates outbreak the and COVID-19 of Prevalence Chinese Planchuelo-G´omez impact Odriozola-Gonz´alez home-quarantined al. P, 2020;274:1-7. of et psychological 13. sample disorders. C, a The affective in Xie epidemic of G, COVID-19 al. Journal Wang the et C, of students. outbreak Jin university J, the B, after Dong Hu month X, one T, symptoms Xu Hu 2020;287:112934. W, M, research. Tang Psychiatry Han 12. China. G, College in 2020;17(11):3933. Hou on students Outbreak Z, Health. college COVID-19 Public Fang on a Res epidemic W, of Environ Cao Impacts J Psychological Int The 11. Study. YW. Longitudinal Mak A DYP, China: Leung in H, Students Cao HY, Li 10. < 357.8 23 ,IutaM,d usGr´aR scooia ffcso the of effects Psychological Luis-Garc´ıa R. de MJ, Irurtia A, ´ 7 Posted on Authorea 5 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161248503.37964234/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. tesNra 77.6 73.1 58.9 Normal Normal (%) 936 n= Overall Normal Stress features Psychological 76.2 Anxiety 91.9 Depression features COVID-19 Psychological the during students university Saudi among stress and anxiety pandemic depression, of Prevalence 2: Table 81.5 77.5 university the Yes from support 79.8 Emotional Yes society from support Emotional family from support Emotional (hours/day) Sleeping Always 17.1 Always (hours/day) 43.6 news COVID-19 43.4 Watching/reading Always distancing social Applying detergents Using (%) 936 masks n= Wearing Medical Overall Men Urban died COVID-19 relative of or friend a Having COVID-19 with relative infected or friend a Having Characteristics Discipline Residence Sex Characteristics ?2 42.2 [?]23 idt oeae15.8 11.1 31.7 9.4 severe very to Severe 25.6 moderate to Mild severe 74.4 very to Severe 23.8 moderate to Mild 8.1 81.7 10.1 No 1.9 Yes No 20.6 5.1 No [?]6 13.4 2.7 < > 2-4 17.5 91.1 3.1 < 5.8 Never Sometimes 66.1 9.5 Never 24.4 Sometimes Never Sometimes 56.6 82.9 sure Not No 56.4 Yes sure Not No Yes Non-medical Rural Women 18.3 4.3 85.6 6 4 2 8 Posted on Authorea 5 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161248503.37964234/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. pligsca itnigSmtmsNvr4. .4(.415)2. .1(.114)2. .6(0.88-1.79) (0.76-1.61) 1.26 1.10 (0.67-1.25) 0.92 (0.85-1.58) 1.16 25.6 23.8 30.0 21.6 (0.71-1.42) (0.95-1.90) 1.01 1.34 23.9 (0.86-1.81) 1.25 (0.63-1.13) 0.84 (0.82-1.45) 1.09 56.1 52.9 among stress and anxiety, depression, with pandemic associations 27.0 COVID-19 57.9 31.7 the the of during intervals students 30.6 confidence university and Saudi 25.0 ratios Odds 3: Table 27.8 (0.84-1.55) (0.84-1.59) 1.14 1.15 (0.87-1.76) No 1.25 (0.76-1.28) 0.99 No (0.74-1.26) university 0.97 from support Emotional No society from support Emotional 52.0 family from Sometimes/Never 49.6 support 43.6 Emotional 43.9 45.6 Sometimes/Never Sometimes/Never 40.9 hours hours/day Sleeping [?]2 40.6 news 55.6 COVID-19 Watching/reading 53.5 210) Medical distancing (n= social Stress Applying 210) Men (n= Urban Stress detergents Using 252) (n= Anxiety Yes masks 252) Wearing (n= Anxiety COVID-19 of Yes died 385) relative (n= or Friend Depression COVID-19 385) with (n= relative Depression or Friend Characteristics Discipline (%) Residence 936 n= Overall Sex Age features Characteristics Psychological features Psychological idt oeae15.2 7.2 severe very to Severe moderate to Mild las4. 6912. 1 1 1 21.5 21.4 1 22.1 1 1 1 22.3 1 1 21.0 1 21.3 1 26.9 23.1 1 25.3 1 20.8 25.7 1 26.1 1 1 23.4 1 1 26.2 1 28.4 40.4 1 < 25.6 38.7 1 40.4 1 Always Always 1 40.2 Always 37.1 1 sure not or No 41.5 sure not or No 41.3 Rural 38.0 Women years [?]23 < e 5912. 771 1 1 17.7 19.6 21.0 1 1 1 20.8 1 23.2 24.7 1 25.6 1 1 24.1 1 20.9 1 35.9 37.4 1 1 39.7 Yes Yes 26.2 39.7 Yes hours/day [?]6 < 1 40.2 Non-medical or/a 7413 09-.1 39.8 (0.98-1.91) 1.37 47.4 hours/day 6 or/a 9712. 131 21.3 1 25.0 1 39.7 hours/day 2 3yas4. .5(.616)2. .3(.415)2. .8(0.86-1.62) 1.18 23.7 (0.84-1.51) 1.13 27.9 (0.96-1.64) 1.25 43.4 years 23 9 R(5 I R(5 I R(5 CI) (95% OR % CI) (95% OR % CI) (95% OR % .8(1.69-3.08) 2.28 (1.39-2.54) 1.88 (1.30-3.37) 2.09 (1.04-2.16) 1.50 (1.23-2.40) 1.72 (1.07-3.23) 1.86 (1.44-2.63) 1.95 37.7 34.1 42.1 38.5 34.1 40.7 37.7 .9(1.47-2.95) 2.09 .0(1.46-2.74) 2.00 (1.14-2.18) 1.58 (1.31-3.42) 2.12 (1.29-2.76) 1.88 (1.07-2.18) 1.53 (1.11-3.42) 1.95 (1.44-2.72) 1.98 29.8 36.4 31.4 38.2 (0.94-2.00) 1.37 28.9 (0.58-2.10) 1.10 27.2 (0.97-1.93) 1.37 24.1 26.8 .2(1.12-2.35) 1.62 .6(1.92-3.69) 2.66 (1.34-2.63) 1.87 (1.42-3.78) 2.32 (1.00-2.52) 1.50 (1.11-2.38) 1.62