Roadside Vegetation Survey Report

District Council of Barunga West

Roadside Native Vegetation

Drive-By Survey 63

January 2004

Prepared by Peter D. Clark Casuarina Land Management Consultants Almond Avenue Dernancourt SA 5075 (08) 8337 0244

Acknowledgments

The editor would like to acknowledge the assistance of the following people in the completion of the field survey and the preparation of this report

G. M. Higgins – Field Assistant.

L. Heard, L. Kajar and T. Calabrese – Geographical and Environmental Information, DEH.

N. Hand - District Manager, District Council of Barunga West.

K. Thompson – Overseer, District Council of Barunga West.

B. Pavy – Pavy Saunders Associates.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents i Executive Summary v Introduction 1 Background to Road Reserve Management 1 Literature Review 2 Survey Method 4 Method for Selection of Roads to Survey 4 Description of Survey Area 5 Roads Surveyed 5 Description of Roads Surveyed 7 General Overview of Vegetation Associations 42 Vegetation Association Overall Significance Ratings and Descriptions 1- 46 51 Guidelines for Management of Overall Significance Category Segments A-E 143 Guidelines for Management of Road Reserves 145 Weed control 159 Revegetation 159 Road Reserve Significant Sites (RSSD/RMS) 160 Bush For Life 160 Reference Sites 161 Flora Associations / Species of Conservation Significance 161 Coastal and Inland Salt Marsh Management 162 Grassland Management 162 Conclusions 163 Bibliography 165

Appendices A: Species List and Conservation Rating (Yorke Peninsula & Northern Lofty) 166 B: Overall Significance Category A 171 C: Overall Significance Category B 171 D: Overall Significance Category C 172 E: Overall Significance Category D 173 F: Overall Significance Category E 173 G: Overall Significance Category Z 173 H: Conservation Significance Category 1 174 I: Conservation Significance Category 2 174 J: Conservation Significance Category 3 175 K: Conservation Significance Category 5 175 L: Conservation Significance Category 9 175 M: Proclaimed Species Locations 176 N: Potential Sites – Road Reserve Significant Sites 178 O: Flora Associations / Species of Conservation Significance 181

Tables 1 Roads Surveyed 6 2 Summary of Roads Surveyed 40 3 Summary of Associations Recorded on Roads Surveyed 41 4 Remnant Vegetation Figures for Hundreds within the Survey Area 42 5 Conservation Status of Plant Species 43 6 Vegetation Association Conservation Significance 44 7 Number of Vegetation Associations in each Conservation Significance Category 44 8 Condition of Understorey – Overview Condition 45 9 Summary of Overview Condition 46 10 Matrix of Overall Significance Values as Determined by the Conservation Ratings 46 and Overview Condition Ratings 11 Categories of Overall Significance 47 12 Summary of Overall Significance 47 13 Association Descriptions 1- 46 48 14 Condition Categories and Management Implications of each Category 143 15 The Overview Condition Percentages for Roads Surveyed 143

Maps Roads Surveyed Overview Condition Width of Road Reserve Selected Plant Associations 1-15 Selected Plant Associations 16-30 Selected Plant Associations 31-46 Overall Significance Potential Sites Segments Containing Flora Associations / Species of Conservation Significance Weed Species

Plates 1 Dumped vegetation cuttings (from fence line clearance) smothering environmentally 147 sensitive Halosarcia sp. on Old Pirie Road. 2 Bare earth fence line clearance through environmentally sensitive Halosarcia sp. 147 Shrubland on Old Pirie Road. 3 Potential sand drift area caused by clearance of adjacent land and roadside on the 149 McDonald/Old Well Road. 4 Sand drift from cleared adjacent land and roadside encroaching onto road surface on 149 the McDonald/Old Well Road. 5 Bare earth fence line clearance in sandy soil creating a potential wind and water 151 erosion occurrence on the Pine Forest-Bews Road. 6 Bare earth fence line clearance in sandy soil creating a potential wind and water 151 erosion occurrence on the Pine Forest-Bews Road. 7 Trees in the road reserve that have been pollarded for firewood Willamulka Road. 153

8 Diameter of pollarded stems on Willamulka Road. 153

9 Soil and vegetation pushed into road reserve during clearance for fence construction 155 on Chappel Road. 10 Bare earth fence line clearance in sandy soil creating a potential wind and water 155 erosion occurrence on Chappel Road. 11 Boxthorn that has been sprayed, but not killed and is now re-shooting. 157

iii

Executive Summary

Native Vegetation Drive-by Survey 63

The Drive-by Survey (partial resurvey of the council road system) was undertaken during January - February 2004 and covered 260.70 km of the District Council of Barunga West controlled road reserves. The survey involves the systematic assessment of vegetation found in road reserves under the care and control of the District Council of Barunga West by dividing each road reserve into segments and assigning a vegetation association description to each segment. Data collected during the course of the survey is invaluable to the District Council of Barunga West and includes the mapping of:

• The presence of rare and endangered native flora. • Potential Bush For Life and RSSD/RMS sites. • Proclaimed and environmental weed species locations.

The results of this survey can be used as:

• A planning tool for remnant native vegetation management. • Planning revegetation programs for road reserves.

Road reserves are important parcels of land under council control. These reserves can often contain remnant native vegetation, which hasn’t been cleared or disturbed by development. These reserves are important because:

• Segments containing Category A-C vegetation form a snapshot of vegetation association composition, which is important for the planning and design of revegetation programs. These segments can also serve as seed banks, providing seed for revegetation work. • Contain plant species with conservation ratings, which may have disappeared from adjoining land, • Provide the aesthetic visual appeal which attracts tourists and, • Provide a unique and cost effective solution to soil and water erosion problems.

A total of 1,700 segments, 85 indigenous native and 32 exotic plant species, and 46 Vegetation Associations were recorded. To determine the Overall Significance Category (ranking of A-E) for each segment of road reserve a matrix table based on the Conservation Significance Rating of the Plant Association and the Condition of the Vegetation Understorey (Overall Condition) was used. This matrix allows for each segment of road reserves to be categorized in one of the following categories.

• Category A - High protection priority vegetation association in excellent or good condition. • Category B - High protection priority vegetation association in moderate condition or a lower priority association in excellent condition. • Category C - High protection priority vegetation association in poor condition or a lower priority association in moderate condition. • Category D - Limited native vegetation in poor condition. • Category E - Very little or no native vegetation present. • Category Z – Not relevant

Segments which contain Category A-B native vegetation and Vegetation Associations with a Conservation Significance 1 or 2, are the highest priority for protection and four point one percent (4.1%) of the Road Reserves surveyed had an Overview Condition of Excellent (2.89%) or Good (1.21%). These important Category A-B segments of intact remnant vegetation need urgent protection through appropriate weed control and restrictions on land use by adjoining property owners and the wider community. It is therefore recommended that these segments become Bush For Life/RSSD Sites with work programs focusing on the control of exotic weed species present in adjoining segments and properties. This work is needed to prevent the further spread of weeds into the high quality segments.

Segments in Category D-E support the highest populations of weeds and require some form of management to prevent dispersal of weeds to roadside segments supporting high quality vegetation. Category D-E Segments represents 86.02% of the roads surveyed with Category Z providing the remaining 8.51%. The road reserves in this category (D-E) are important in terms of area available for revegetation and development as wildlife corridors because they can be used to link patches of higher category vegetation.

Threats to the long-term viability of native vegetation in road reserves include:

• Clearing, slashing and spraying of vegetation (chemical spray drift, off target damage and inappropriate control methods) by adjoining landowners. • Weed invasion from adjacent cleared properties.

Future management strategies for the survey area to ensure the survival of segments with remnant native vegetation (Category A-B) could include:

• Clarifying road reserve boundaries and the position of fence lines when planning to manage Category A-B road reserves. The width of the road reserve is an important factor in the long-term viability of these remnant plant associations. A survey of fence lines is needed to assess reserve widths and to return land to council control. • Involving adjoining landowners in discussion on the preservation of remnant vegetation, and where possible encourage landowners to fence off areas of adjacent private land for revegetation/regeneration to ensure a larger area is available to help preserve the remnant vegetation and provide wildlife corridors. • Assess for inclusion in the Roadside Significant Sites Database (RSSD) old and mature single trees and Category A-B native vegetation associations. • Install Roadside Markers (RSSD) for remnant roadside native vegetation to protect sensitive areas i.e. plants of conservation significance, Category A-B vegetation, significant trees etc.

Road reserves contain a wide selection of important indigenous plants and vegetation associations. It is important these valuable plants and associations are protected for the future and it is important that management protect actions (e.g. Roadside Significant Site Database, Roadside Marker System, Roadside Significant Site Validation and Risk Assessment) are adopted and implemented immediately by the District Council of Barunga West.

Introduction

The drive-by survey (resurvey of the Council road system) was undertaken during January- February 2004, and covered roads in the District Council of Barunga West (Refer Map: “ROADS SURVEYED”).

The survey involves the objective, systematic assessment of vegetation found in road reserves maintained by the District Council of Barunga West. The results of this survey can be used as a planning tool for developing and implementing remnant indigenous vegetation management strategies. The data also determines how much of road reserve vegetation is remnant indigenous vegetation, and locates Segments suitable for Intensive Survey and Reference Sites, Bush For Life, Rehabilitation and Roadside Marker System (RMS) work. In addition the survey identifies Segments containing populations of proclaimed pest plants, environmental weeds and other exotic species.

The survey is undertaken from a moving vehicle with regular checks to determine overstorey species and vegetation association composition. The recorded species reflects the dominance as viewed from a moving vehicle and may not reflect the true dominant species or recorded all the species present within a Segment.

Background to Road Reserve Management

Traditionally road reserves in South Australia were implemented to allow public right of way between cities, towns and private property. Public road reserves also serve a number of other functional purposes, which include:

• Remnant areas suitable for the conservation of indigenous plant species and associations, • Wildlife corridors and habitat for native fauna, • Stockpile and borrow pits areas for maintenance and construction, • Corridors for public utilities e.g. power, gas, telecommunications, water and sewerage.

Past uses for road reserves include clearing for cropping, grazing during drought, property access and timber/firewood collection. In some instances road reserves are still used for grazing, firebreaks and cropping, practices which may no longer be acceptable especially in Segments where the District Council of Barunga West may intend to established RMS or Bush For Life sites.

Future management of the road reserve system will be determined by the reaching of a consensus between community interest groups, adjacent land owners, councils and the managers of public utilities, including the District Council of Barunga West, on many points including:

• The conservation of remnant indigenous vegetation, • Pest Plant and Animal control, • Land degradation, • Location, provision and maintenance of public utilities, • Fire safety and control planning, • Visual amenity management, • Recreational amenity management.

Literature Review

Vegetation ecological research in South Australia began when T. G. B. Osborn, the Chair of Botany at University of Adelaide in 1912, invited overseas ecologists to study South Australian vegetation. From this early research many papers were written e.g. Prescott 1929 and 1931, Crocker 1944 and 1946, Jessup 1948 and Smith 1963. One of the first handbooks to be written was “The Vegetation of South Australia” by J. G. Wood (1937). The following publications are extensions of this and other early works and are relevant to Roadside Vegetation Drive-By Surveys.

Boomsma, C.D., and Lewis, N.B., (1972), The Native Forest and Woodland Vegetation of South Australia-Bulletin 25, D.J. Woolman, Government Printer, Sth. Aust. Bulletin 25 replaces Bulletin 18-The Forest Vegetation of South Australia. The book is in two sections: Part I: Describes plant communities in great detail and how the climate, soils, topography effects vegetation associations. Forest and woodland formations of South Australia are also discussed with the aid of tables and maps. Part II: The twelve Habitat Zones that exist across South Australia with their eighty-three distinct community types are extensively described in this section. There are a number of colour photographs of forest and woodland formations to give an indication of what they look like in the different Habitat Zones.

The book is very useful as a quick reference for dominant species and the related co-dominates of communities and the extensive listing of associated understorey species by region. The main concerns with the book are: • Out dated plant names; • Later studies show that the boundaries of a number of vegetation associations and individual species have changed e.g. results of Lower Eyre Peninsula Drive-by Vegetation Survey 6 (VS 1999/049), Rail Reserve Vegetation Drive-by Survey 25 (VS 2000/02857), Southern Eyre Aleppo Pine Management Group Roadside Vegetation and Aleppo Pine Drive-by Survey 12 indicate that Eucalyptus brachycalyx exists further south than these maps show; • Association descriptions have changed over time. This to due to the identification of new species, subspecies and variations being recognized. • Lack of specific information regarding herb and grassland species in a number of associations. It must be recognized that most of these regions where originally surveyed after settlement or the information was collated from earlier works which may have lacked detailed information.

Graham, A., Oppermann, A., and Inns, R, W. (2001), Biodiversity Plan for the Northern Agricultural Districts, Department for Environment and Heritage, South Australia. The Biodiversity Plan provides information and strategies for prioritisation for land managers “to protect biological diversity and maintain ecological processes and systems” in the Northern Agricultural Districts. It is one of a set of four Biodiversity Plans that cover most of the agricultural districts of South Australia.

Laut, P. ed. (1977), Environments of South Australia: Province 4, Eyre and Yorke Peninsulas, Division of Land Use Research, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia. Another older publication, which is useful for a general overview of landforms, related soil types, vegetation associations and land uses.

Nicolle, D., (1997), Eucalypts of South Australia, Lane Print Group, Sth. Aust. A good compact publication for quick identification of eucalypts in the field although some of the photos of fruit and nuts are not very clear. Nicolle has based distribution of species on Boomsma (1972) and his own fieldwork, and these distribution maps will no doubt be changed again as further survey work more clearly defines the present association boundaries and inliers not previously mapped.

Specht, R.L. (1972), The Vegetation of South Australia, Government Printer, Adelaide. This publication is an up-dated version of J. G. Wood’s handbook of 1937. It is an older book, with out dated plant names, but it is still very useful in describing different associations and where they have been recorded and studied.

Whibley, D.J.E. (1992), Acacias of South Australia 2nd ed., The Flora and Fauna Handbooks Committee, Sth. Aust. A good compact publication for quick identification of acacias and their distribution in the field. The identification key is useful, but it is difficult to identify plants from line drawings.

Survey Method

Using survey techniques developed by Transport SA and DEHUD, involving full roadside vegetation survey methodology. This methodology consists of a number of components that provides a comprehensive understanding of the vegetation, its condition and conservation significance on a local, regional and state level.

These components include:

• A “drive-by” roadside vegetation survey that briefly describes and maps all the vegetation present on selected roadsides. This type of rapid assessment collects data, which is then used to determine the various vegetation associations present, their conservation significance and the extent of weed invasion.

• Analysis of the information to determine the overall importance of each Segment of vegetation. This information is then used to develop vegetation management proposals for the study area. At this point the rapid assessment and analysis work has produced an overview of the remnant indigenous roadside vegetation, which details the next step in the collection of more detailed botanical information.

• The methods of collection undertaken in the next stage of the survey will depend on the type of detail of the study. These include Bush For Life Site assessment, Reference Sites, Threatened Plant Species Population Database, Fauna surveys and other specific species studies e.g. mistletoe and pest plants.

• To comply with roadside vegetation survey methodology roads were surveyed from intersection to intersection. This means that some roads included built up areas, and sections of road within adjoining councils.

This report covers the first two components of the study using the methodology set out in the ‘Guide to Roadside Vegetation Survey Methodology for South Australia’, Stokes et al 1998.

Method for Selection of Roads for Survey

Roads surveyed were selected using the following criteria: • Ecological importance i.e. reserves that contain grasslands (selected from local knowledge), wetlands or known sites with conservation rated plants not protected by fencing etc at present. • Council rated category 2, 3 and 4 roads which have been identified for upgrading or maintenance within the next five years, and also carry a high level of rural traffic i.e. stock crates, grain trucks, school bus routes etc. • Selection doesn’t include Transport SA maintained roads, as no work will be undertaken outside the guideposts except for cut out drain maintenance. • Review of survey work completed by M. Hyde – used to identify possible grassland sites to survey. • Cost restraints – funding only allowed for the survey of approximately 260 kilometres of road. The surveyors used the above criteria plus road length to select roads for survey. All other roads within the council region need to be surveyed at a later date as a number of these roads also contain plants and associations of conservation significance.

Description of the Survey Area

The roads surveyed fall within the District Council of Barunga West and covers an area of approximately 260 km of road reserves.

The principle land uses within the survey area is mixed farming and there is extensive and widespread clearing, leaving little in the way of remnant vegetation.

Remnants of Woodland, Open woodland and Mallee associations are still found throughout the survey region with the best sections protected in council controlled land, Heritage Agreements and private property, and a number of developed and undeveloped road, stone and water reserves.

Past high levels of rabbit populations, timber collection and grazing has allowed exotic plant species to flourish, which in turn stifles native plant regeneration. The road reserves with dense populations of exotic/proclaimed weed plants also harbor populations of exotic pest animals such as feral cats and foxes.

Roads Surveyed

Thirty-three roads were surveyed covering a total distance of 260.70 km. Road Order: (RO) indicates the sequence in which the roads were surveyed. Refer Map: “ROADS SURVEYED” for detail on the survey area and location of individual Road Orders (RO). Refer Table 1 for details on individual Road Order information.

Road Reserve Width

Road reserve width is estimated visually from the moving vehicle for both sides of the road, from the guideposts to the fence line. If the width of either side changes the segment ends at that point and a new segment begins. On occasions when the fence line is obstructed by vegetation, terrain etc, or to verify the estimated distance, the road reserve is physically paced or measured. The width of the road reserve is possibly the most important factor in the preservation of indigenous vegetation. Where the road reserve is 15 metres or wider (C: >15m) the indigenous vegetation can persist as long as there are no disturbances (clearing, fire etc), which can lead to the introduction of weeds.

The majority of road reserves in this survey are recorded as A (< 5 metres) and B (6-15 metres) therefore any remnant vegetation would be under pressure from edge effects including fertiliser use, weed invasion and herbicide over-spray from adjoining properties but may be able to persist as long as there is no additional disturbance or clearing.

Refer Map: “WIDTH OF ROAD RESERVE” for detail on the road reserve width for both sides of the road recorded during the survey.

Table 1: Roads Surveyed Council Length RO Road Name ID (km) 1 12 Balaklava Road 7.46 2 31 Pumping Station-Taylors Road 9.30 3 32 Top Road 8.79 4 33 Almond Tree Road 6.02 5 - Hummocks Road 2.36 6 15 McDonald-Old Well Road 10.27 7 30 Old Pirie Road 11.71 8 29 North Fishermans Bay Road 7.57 9 28 Fishermans Bay Road 2.58 10 25 Wards Hill North Road 4.02 11 24 Manners Road 2.55 12 26 Sunnyside Road 4.38 13 18 Ward Hill Road 9.93 14 21 Pine Forest-Bews Road 16.90 15 20 Chappel Road 4.94 16 11 Melton Road 3.62 17 13 Church Road 11.90 18 7 Willamulka Road 10.22 19 16 Lime Kiln Road 3.56 20 14 Cameron West / Cameron Road 9.88 21 6 Coast Road 7.19 22 19 Alford-Tickera Road 10.45 23 5 Bill Avery's Road 4.67 24 4 Haldanes Road 4.26 25 2 Herberts 3 Chain Road 6.42 26 3 Vennings Road 4.03 27 22 Towerview Road 9.60 28 1 Aeroplane-Mundoora Road 16.53 29 10 Mundoora-Wokurna Road 13.72 30 17 Broughton-Mundoora Road 14.50 31 - Bussenschutt Road 2.58 32 8 Youngs Road 8.77 33 9 Wokurna-Snowtown Road 10.02 Total Length of Road Surveyed 260.70

Description of Roads Surveyed Road descriptions include a brief outline of the overstorey species, understorey type with some species, predominant weeds, and landform types. The landform type descriptions are adapted from Environments of South Australia: Province 4, Eyre & Yorke Peninsulas (Laut 1977). Refer to this publication for more details of landform types and locations.

Road Order: 1 Road Name: Balaklava Road Road No: 12 Survey Length: 7.46 kilometres No. of Segments: 9 No. of Associations: 5 Overall Significance: B-D Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Mail and Kadina-Whitwarta Road and ends at the intersection with Port Wakefield-Wallaroo Road (TSA RN 4141). This road falls within the Northern Lofty Botanical Region.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 10, 35, 39, 41 and 43. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, Chloris truncata, Nitraria billardierei, Austrostipa sp., Whalleya proluta, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

Emergent species include Eucalyptus socialis, E. gracilis, E. porosa, Scaevola spinescens, Nitraria billardierei, Austrostipa sp., Maireana aphylla and Maireana appressa.

Native understorey species recorded include Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Whalleya proluta, Austrostipa sp., and Austrodanthonia sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Avena barbata, *Carrichtera annua, *Compositae sp., *Echium plantagineum, *Triticum aestivum and *Salvia verbenaca.

This road crosses one Environmental Association within the Gulf Plains Environmental Region. This is the Barung Environmental Association (4.6.11) with shallow well drained neutral red friable loams with rough-ped fabric (Um6.32) soils on ridges, and moderately deep well drained alkaline hard pedal red duplex (Dr2.23) soils on footslopes (environment units A & B).

Maireana aphylla Conservation Rating V (Vulnerable; Northern Lofty Region) and Maireana appressa Conservation Rating V (Vulnerable; Northern Lofty Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 2 Road Name: Pumping Station – Taylors Road Road No: 31 Survey Length: 9.30 kilometres No. of Segments: 20 No. of Associations: 9 Overall Significance: B-E Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Balaklava Road and ends at the intersection with Boundary Road. This road falls within the Northern Lofty Botanical Region.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 15, 18, 19, 21, 31, 32, 41, 43 and45. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus porosa, E. socialis, E. oleosa, Austrostipa blackii, Lomandra effusa and *Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Acacia oswaldii, Ac. victoriae ssp. victoriae, Ac. ligulata, Allocasuarina verticillata, Bursaria spinosa, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta, Eucalyptus sp. (plantation), E. oleosa, Maireana brevifolia, Nitraria billardierei, Rhagodia parabolica, Santalum acuminatum, Vittadinia gracilis and *Lycium ferocissimum.

Native understorey species recorded include Acacia pycnantha, Ac. oswaldii, Austrostipa blackii, Austrostipa sp., Austrodanthonia sp., Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana aphylla, Maireana appressa, Maireana brevifolia, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Nitraria billardierei, Rhagodia parabolica, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Senna artemisioides, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa and Zygophyllum aurantiacum.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Avena barbata, *Carrichtera annua, *Compositae sp., *Echium plantagineum, *Lycium ferocissimum, *Triticum aestivum and *Salvia verbenaca.

This road crosses one Environmental Association within the Gulf Plains Environmental Region. This is the Barung Environmental Association (4.6.11) with shallow well-drained neutral red friable loams with rough-ped fabric (Um6.32) soils on ridges, and moderately deep well drained alkaline hard pedal red duplex (Dr2.23) soils on footslopes (environment units A & B).

Road Order: 3 Road Name: Top Road Road No: 32 Survey Length: 8.79 kilometres No. of Segments: 14 No. of Associations: 8 Overall Significance: B-E Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Wild Dog Hill Road and ends at the intersection with Balaklava Road. This road falls within the Northern Lofty Botanical Region.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 10, 15, 21, 28, 39, 40, 41 and 43. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, E. oleosa, Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia, Austrostipa blackii, Austrostipa nodosa, Lomandra multiflora ssp. dura, Maireana appressa, Maireana brevifolia, Nitraria billardierei and *Avena barbata.

Emergent species include Eucalyptus sp. (plantation), E. porosa, Casuarina sp., Acacia sp. (plantation), Ac. oswaldii, Eremophila longifolia, Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia, Atriplex stipitata, Nitraria billardierei, Maireana aphylla and Austrostipa sp.

Native understorey species recorded include Acacia oswaldii, Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia, Atriplex stipitata, Maireana aphylla, Maireana brevifolia, Nitraria billardierei, Lomandra multiflora ssp. dura, Austrostipa blackii and Austrostipa nodosa.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Avena barbata, *Carrichtera annua, *Compositae sp., *Echium plantagineum, *Lycium ferocissimum, *Nicotiana glauca, *Triticum aestivum and *Salvia verbenaca.

Maireana appressa and Maireana aphylla Conservation Rating V (Vulnerable; Northern Lofty Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 4 Road Name: Almond Tree Road Road No: 33 Survey Length: 6.02 kilometres No. of Segments: 11 No. of Associations: 6 Overall Significance: B-E Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Balaklava Road and ends at the intersection with Wild Dog Hill Road. This road falls within the Northern Lofty Botanical Region.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 21, 24, 35, 41, 43 and 44. The overstorey species recorded include Austrodanthonia linkii, Austrostipa eremophila, Eremophila longifolia, Maireana appressa, Maireana brevifolia, Nitraria billardierei, *Compositae sp., *Salvia verbenaca and *Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Eremophila longifolia, Nitraria billardierei, Maireana aphylla, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea and Eucalyptus sp. (plantation).

Native understorey species recorded include Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia, Nitraria billardierei, Rhagodia parabolica and Austrodanthonia linkii.

This road crosses one Environmental Association within the Gulf Plains Environmental Region. This is the Mallala Environmental Association (4.6.6) with shallow well-drained alkaline brown calcareous loams (Gc1.12) and moderately deep well drained alkaline hard pedal red duplex (Dr2.23) soils on undulating plains (environmental unit A).

Road Order: 5 Road Name: Hummocks Road Road No: - Survey Length: 2.36 kilometres No. of Segments: 7 No. of Associations: 5 Overall Significance: B-E Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with unnamed road (council boundary) and ends at the intersection with Wild Dog Hill Road. This road falls within the Northern Lofty Botanical Region.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 13, 15, 17, 18 and 43. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus oleosa, E. porosa, E. incrassata var. incrassata, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

Emergent species recorded include and Atriplex stipitata, Callitris preissii, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta, Eucalyptus oleosa, Maireana brevifolia, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Santalum acuminatum and *Lycium ferocissimum.

Native understorey species recorded include Acacia ligulata, Santalum acuminatum, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta, Maireana brevifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Nitraria billardierei and Atriplex stipitata.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Avena barbata, *Carrichtera annua, *Compositae sp., *Cucumis myriocarpus, *Echium plantagineum, *Lactuca serriola, *Lycium ferocissimum, *Nicotiana glauca, *Triticum aestivum and *Salvia verbenaca.

For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 6 Road Name: McDonald-Old Well Road Road No: 15 Survey Length: 10.27 kilometres No. of Segments: 23 No. of Associations: 7 Overall Significance: B-E Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Linton and Snowtown Boundary Road and ends at the intersection with Old Well Road and Lime Kiln Road.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 43 and 44. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus sp. (plantation), E. oleosa, E. socialis, E. brachycalyx, E. calycogona var. calycogona, Austrostipa blackii, Lomandra effusa, Acacia sp. (plantation), Melaleuca sp. (plantation), *Echium plantagineum, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Eucalyptus sp. (plantation), E. oleosa, E. brachycalyx, E. calycogona var. calycogona, Maireana brevifolia, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, *Schinus areira and Nicotiana glauca.

Native understorey species recorded include Santalum acuminatum, Acacia oswaldii, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Templetonia egena, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia, Rhagodia parabolica and Salsola kali.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Bambusa sp., *Avena barbata, *Schinus areira, *Echium plantagineum, *Lactuca serriola, *Brassica sp., *Nicotiana glauca, *Triticum aestivum and *Cynodon dactylon.

This road crosses one Environmental Associations within the Gulf Plains Environmental Region. This is the Wokurna Environmental association (4.6.12) with shallow well-drained alkaline brown calcareous (Gc1.12) loams on the plains, and deep well drained alkaline brown calcareous (Uc5.12) sands on the dunes (environmental units A & B).

Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona Conservation Rating V (Vulnerable; Yorke Peninsula Region) and Templetonia egena Conservation Rating T (Threatened; Yorke Peninsula Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 7 Road Name: Old Pirie Road Road No: 30 Survey Length: 11.71 kilometres No. of Segments: 27 No. of Associations: 11 Overall Significance: A-D Overview Condition: 1-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Port Pirie-Port Broughton Road (TSA RN 3486) and ends at the intersection with Sandy Lane-Sandy Lane West Road. Clearing work undertaken by the adjoining landowner has disturbed ecologically sensitive vegetation association/landform (Refer Plates 1 & 2: Page 147). This disturbance is typical of the type of activities undertaken by landowners in the Mid North and Yorke Peninsula regions and is unnecessary. These saline flats are the habitat for up to eight species of Halosarcia (samphires) seven of which have conservation ratings. Halosarcia flabelliformis (Conservation Rating 3Vc- Aus, V-SA, T-YP) is restricted to these coastal salt marshes with the only protected population found in Port Gawler Conservation Park. It is extremely important that the council acts to protect these saline marshes from landfill, rubbish dumping and unnecessary clearing.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 6, 10, 22, 23, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42 and 43. The overstorey species recorded include Acacia ligulata, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Dodonaea viscosa, Lawrencia squamata, Halosarcia pergranulata ssp. pergranulata, Atriplex stipitata, Nitraria billardierei, Maireana brevifolia, Austrostipa sp. and *Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Myoporum platycarpum, Casuarina pauper, Cratystylis conocephala, Geijera linearifolia, Templetonia egena and *Lycium ferocissimum.

Native understorey species recorded include Carpobrotus rossii, and Acacia paradoxa.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Carrichtera annua, *Foeniculum vulgare, *Asphodelus fistulosus, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Lactuca serriola, *Avena barbata, *Lycium ferocissimum and *Gramineae sp.

This road crosses two Environmental Associations within the Gulf Plains Environmental Region. These are: 1. Port Pirie Environmental Association (4.6.15) with deep poorly drained alkaline black non-cracking plastic clays (Uf6.61) on tidal flats, deep well drained alkaline crusty red duplex soils (Dr1.13) on plains, and deep well drained alkaline whitish calcareous sands (Uc1.11) on dunes (environmental units A, B & C); 2. Wokurna Environmental association (4.6.12) with shallow well-drained alkaline brown calcareous (Gc1.12) loams on the plains, and deep well drained alkaline brown calcareous (Uc5.12) sands on the dunes (environmental units A & B).

Templetonia egena Conservation Rating T (Threatened; Yorke Peninsula Region), Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Conservation Rating T (Threatened; Yorke Peninsula Region) and Halosarcia pergranulata ssp. pergranulata Conservation Rating Q (Not yet assessed; Yorke Peninsula Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 8 Road Name: North Fishermans Bay Road Road No: 29 Survey Length: 7.57 kilometres No. of Segments: 18 No. of Associations: 6 Overall Significance: A-E, Z Overview Condition: 1-5, 9

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Old Pirie Road and ends at the T intersection-unnamed access road, North Fishermans Bay. These saline flats are the habitat for up to eight species of Halosarcia (samphires) seven of which have conservation ratings. Halosarcia flabelliformis (Conservation Rating 3Vc-Aus, V-SA, T-YP) is restricted to these coastal salt marshes with the only protected population found in Port Gawler Conservation Park. It is extremely important that the council acts to protect these saline marshes from landfill, rubbish dumping and unnecessary clearing.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 35, 36, 37, 38, 43 and 45. The overstorey species recorded include Lawrencia squamata, Halosarcia sp., Halosarcia pergranulata ssp. pergranulata, Atriplex stipitata, *Avena barbata and *Triticum aestivum.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Acacia ligulata, Nitraria billardierei and Dodonaea viscosa.

There are no native understorey species recorded.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Avena barbata, *Lycium ferocissimum, *Compositae sp., *Carrichtera annua and *Brassica sp.

This road crosses one Environmental Associations within the Gulf Plains Environmental Region. This is the Port Pirie Environmental Association (4.6.15) with deep poorly drained alkaline black non-cracking plastic clays (Uf6.61) on tidal flats, deep well drained alkaline crusty red duplex soils (Dr1.13) on plains, and deep well drained alkaline whitish calcareous sands (Uc1.11) on dunes (environmental units A, B & C).

Halosarcia pergranulata ssp. pergranulata Conservation Rating Q (Not yet assessed; Yorke Peninsula Region) is recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 9 Road Name: Fishermans Bay Road Road No: 29 Survey Length: 2.58 kilometres No. of Segments: 12 No. of Associations: 6 Overall Significance: B-E, Z Overview Condition: 3-5, 9

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Dolphin Road, Fishermans Bay and ends at the intersection with Arbon Road, Port Broughton.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 6, 22, 23, 43, 45 and 46. The overstorey species recorded include Myoporum platycarpum, My. insulare, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Acacia ligulata, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, *Avena barbata, *Cynodon dactylon and *Piptatherum miliaceum.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, Acacia ligulata, Myoporum platycarpum, Atriplex stipitata, and Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea.

Native understorey species recorded include Acacia ligulata, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Atriplex stipitata, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Avena barbata, *Lycium ferocissimum, *Echium plantagineum, *Heliotropium europaeum, *Compositae sp., *Scabiosa atropurpurea, *Cynodon dactylon, *Carrichtera annua, *Piptatherum miliaceum and *Brassica sp.

Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Conservation Rating T (Threatened; Yorke Peninsula Region) is recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 10 Road Name: Wards Hill North Road Road No: 25 Survey Length: 4.02 kilometres No. of Segments: 14 No. of Associations: 8 Overall Significance: B-E Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Port Broughton-Kadina Road and ends at the intersection with Ward Hill Road and Manners Road.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 4, 10, 22, 23, 25, 35, 41 and 43. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, Casuarina pauper, Myoporum platycarpum, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Acacia ligulata, Nitraria billardierei and * Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, Casuarina pauper, Acacia ligulata, Ac. oswaldii, Myoporum platycarpum, Exocarpos aphyllus, Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia and Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Acacia ligulata, Ac. oswaldii, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Nitraria billardierei, Rhagodia parabolica, Templetonia egena, Maireana brevifolia, Atriplex stipitata and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Avena barbata, *Lycium ferocissimum, *Heliotropium europaeum, *Compositae sp., *Scabiosa atropurpurea, *Marrubium vulgare, *Brassica sp., *Carrichtera annua, *Piptatherum miliaceum and *Lactuca serriola.

Templetonia egena Conservation Rating T (Threatened; Yorke Peninsula Region) and Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Conservation Rating T (Threatened; Yorke Peninsula Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 11 Road Name: Manners Road Road No: 24 Survey Length: 2.55 kilometres No. of Segments: 10 No. of Associations: 7 Overall Significance: B-E Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Wards Hill North Road and Ward Hill Road and ends at the intersection with a property entrance (right turn corner in road leading to the beach).

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 4, 10, 22, 23, 25, 35 and 43. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, Casuarina pauper, Myoporum platycarpum, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Acacia ligulata, Ac. nyssophylla, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Nitraria billardierei, Atriplex stipitata and *Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, Casuarina pauper, Acacia ligulata, Ac. oswaldii, Myoporum platycarpum, Cratystylis conocephala, *Schinus areira and Santalum acuminatum.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Acacia ligulata, Ac. oswaldii, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Geijera linearifolia, Nitraria billardierei, Rhagodia parabolica, Lawrencia squamata, Maireana brevifolia, Atriplex stipitata and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Avena barbata, *Compositae sp., *Scabiosa atropurpurea, * Marrubium vulgare, *Salvia verbenaca form, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Carrichtera annua, *Schinus areira and *Lactuca serriola.

Cratystylis conocephala Conservation Rating E (Endangered; Yorke Peninsula Region) and Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Conservation Rating T (Threatened; Yorke Peninsula Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 12 Road Name: Sunnyside Road Road No: 26 Survey Length: 4.38 kilometres No. of Segments: 18 No. of Associations: 8 Overall Significance: B-E Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Wards Hill North Road and ends at the intersection with the property entrance (gate across road-‘No Entry’).

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 3, 4, 10, 22, 23, 31, 35 and 43. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, Casuarina pauper, Myoporum platycarpum, Acacia ligulata, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Nitraria billardierei, *Triticum aestivum, *Cynodon dactylon and *Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, Casuarina pauper, Acacia ligulata, Ac. oswaldii, Myoporum platycarpum, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata and Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Avena barbata, *Compositae sp., * Marrubium vulgare, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum,*Triticum aestivum,*Cynodon dactylon, *Carrichtera annua and *Lactuca serriola.

Road Order: 13 Road Name: Wards Hill Road Road No: 18 Survey Length: 9.93 kilometres No. of Segments: 41 No. of Associations: 12 Overall Significance: B-E, Z Overview Condition: 3-5, 9

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Wards Hill North Road and Manners Road and ends at the intersection with Port Broughton-Kadina Road (TSA RA 3680).

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 4, 7, 10, 15, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 41, 43 and 45. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, E. oleosa, E. brachycalyx, Acacia ligulata, Ac. oswaldii, Ac. nyssophylla, Ac. notabilis, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia, Nitraria billardierei, Austrostipa sp., *Triticum aestivum, *Piptatherum miliaceum and *Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, Casuarina pauper, Acacia ligulata, Ac. oswaldii, Myoporum platycarpum, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Santalum acuminatum, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Salsola kali, Muehlenbeckia florulenta, Lasiopetalum baueri and Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea.

Native understorey species recorded include Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Acacia ligulata, Ac. nyssophylla, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Nitraria billardierei, Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia, Salsola kali, Atriplex stipitata and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Compositae sp., *Marrubium vulgare, *Echium plantagineum, *Salvia verbenaca form, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Triticum aestivum, *Piptatherum miliaceum and *Avena barbata.

Acacia notabilis Conservation Rating V (Vulnerable; Yorke Peninsula Region), Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Conservation Rating T (Threatened; Yorke Peninsula Region) and Muehlenbeckia florulenta Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 14 Road Name: Pine Forest – Bews Road Road No: 21 Survey Length: 16.90 kilometres No. of Segments: 60 No. of Associations: 19 Overall Significance: B-E Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Port Broughton-Kadina Road (TSA RA 3680) and ends at the intersection with Bute - Kadina Road (TSA RN 3840).

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 1, 5, 7, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 26, 31, 32, 41, 43, 44 and 45. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, E. oleosa, E. brachycalyx, E. incrassata var. incrassata, E. porosa, Casuarina pauper, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Acacia ligulata, Ac. oswaldii, Ac. nyssophylla, Ac. notabilis, Ac. hakeoides, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia, Nitraria billardierei, Austrostipa sp., *Triticum aestivum, *Piptatherum miliaceum and *Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, E. oleosa, E. brachycalyx, E. incrassata var. incrassata, E. porosa, Callitris preissii, Acacia ligulata, Ac. hakeoides, Nitraria billardierei, Maireana brevifolia and * Schinus areira.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Santalum acuminatum, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Acacia ligulata, Ac. hakeoides, Ac. oswaldii, Nitraria billardierei, Geijera linearifolia, Grevillea huegelii, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia, Atriplex stipitata and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Compositae sp., *Brassica sp., *Marrubium vulgare, *Echium plantagineum, *Salvia verbenaca form, *Lycium ferocissimum, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Triticum aestivum, *Piptatherum miliaceum and *Avena barbata.

Acacia notabilis Conservation Rating V (Vulnerable; Yorke Peninsula Region) and Grevillea huegelii Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 15 Road Name: Chappel Road Road No: 20 Survey Length: 4.94 kilometres No. of Segments: 18 No. of Associations: 8 Overall Significance: B-E Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with the Wallaroo-Alford Road (TSA RN 4159) and ends at the intersection with Wemberly-Tickera Road.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 7, 10, 14, 15, 16, 22, 26 and 43. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, E. oleosa, E. brachycalyx, E. phenax, Acacia ligulata, Ac. oswaldii, Ac. hakeoides, Ac. nyssophylla, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Eucalyptus oleosa, Myoporum platycarpum, Acacia oswaldii, Ac. hakeoides, Ac. sclerophylla, Grevillea huegelii, Rhagodia parabolica, Salsola kali, Maireana brevifolia and * Schinus areira.

Native understorey species recorded include Santalum acuminatum, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Acacia ligulata, Ac. hakeoides, Ac. oswaldii, Geijera linearifolia, Grevillea huegelii, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia, Atriplex stipitata and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Brassica sp., *Carrichtera annua, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, * Schinus areira, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

This road crosses two Environmental Associations within the Gulf Plains Environmental Region. These are: 1. Wokurna Environmental Association (4.6.12) with shallow well drained alkaline brown calcareous (Gc1.12) loams on the plains, and deep well drained alkaline brown calcareous (Uc5.12) sands on the dunes (environmental units A & B); 2. Boor Plain Environmental Association (4.6.3) with shallow well drained alkaline brown calcareous (Gc1.12) loams on the undulating plains, deep well drained alkaline whitish calcareous sands (Uc1.11) on dunes, and deep imperfectly drained alkaline crusty red duplex soils in salt lakes (Dr1.13) (environmental units A, B & D).

Grevillea huegelii Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) is recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 16 Road Name: Melton Road Road No: 11 Survey Length: 3.62 kilometres No. of Segments: 13 No. of Associations: 8 Overall Significance: B-E Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Wallaroo-Port Wakefield Road (TSA RN 4141) and ends at the intersection with Kulpara-Maitland Road (TSA RN 4016).

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 25, 27 and 43. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus porosa, E. oleosa, E. brachycalyx, E. socialis, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia, Acacia hakeoides, Ac. notabilis, *Triticum aestivum and*Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Eucalyptus porosa, E. socialis, Grevillea huegelii, Acacia notabilis, Ac. hakeoides, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia and Dianella revoluta var. revoluta.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Grevillea huegelii, Acacia notabilis, Ac. hakeoides, Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Rhagodia parabolica and Austrostipa elegantissima.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Compositae sp., *Pinus sp., *Brassica sp., *Salvia verbenaca form, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

This road crosses two Environmental Associations within the Gulf Plains Environmental Region. These are: 1. Boor Plain Environmental Association (4.6.3) with shallow well drained alkaline brown calcareous (Gc1.12) loams on the undulating plains, deep well drained alkaline whitish calcareous sands (Uc1.11) on dunes, and deep imperfectly drained alkaline crusty red duplex soils (Dr1.13) in salt lakes (environmental units A, B & D); 2. Barung Environmental Association (4.6.11) with shallow well drained red friable loams with rough-ped fabric (Um6.32) on ridges, and moderately deep well drained alkaline hard pedal red duplex soils (Dr2.23) on footslopes (environmental units A & B).

Road Order: 17 Road Name: Church Road Road No: 13 Survey Length: 11.90 kilometres No. of Segments: 41 No. of Associations: 19 Overall Significance: B-E, Z Overview Condition: 3-5, 9

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Prices Road and ends at the intersection with Bute-Kadina Road (TSA RN 3840).

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 1, 5, 7, 10, 11, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 26, 28, 31, 33, 41, 43 and 45. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, E. oleosa, E. brachycalyx, E. phenax, E. socialis, E. porosa, E. calycogona var. calycogona, Callitris preissii, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Eremophila longifolia, Acacia ligulata, Ac. hakeoides, Senna artemisioides ssp. petiolaris, Bursaria spinosa, Lomandra effusa, Austrostipa blackii, *Triticum aestivum and*Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Eucalyptus sp. (plantation), E. gracilis, E. porosa, Eremophila longifolia, Acacia ligulata, Ac. oswaldii, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea and Maireana brevifolia.

Native understorey species recorded include Acacia notabilis, Ac. hakeoides, Grevillea huegelii, Geijera linearifolia, Maireana aphylla, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Lomandra effusa, Rhagodia parabolica, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta, Austrostipa blackii and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Compositae sp., *Pinus sp., *Brassica sp., *Salvia verbenaca form, *Echium plantagineum, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Piptatherum miliaceum, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

This road crosses two Environmental Associations within the Gulf Plains Environmental Region. These are: 1. Boor Plain Environmental Association (4.6.3) with shallow well drained alkaline brown calcareous (Gc1.12) loams on the undulating plains, deep well drained alkaline whitish calcareous sands (Uc1.11) on dunes, and deep imperfectly drained alkaline crusty red duplex soils (Dr1.13) in salt lakes (environmental units A, B & D); 2. Wokurna Environmental Association (4.6.12) with shallow well-drained alkaline brown calcareous (Gc1.12) loams on the plains, and deep well drained alkaline brown calcareous (Uc5.12) sands on the dunes (environmental units A & B).

Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona Conservation Rating V (Vulnerable; Yorke Peninsula Region), Acacia notabilis Conservation Rating V (Vulnerable; Yorke Peninsula Region), Eremophila longifolia Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region), Maireana aphylla Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) and Grevillea huegelii Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 18 Road Name: Willamulka Road Road No: 7 Survey Length: 10.22 kilometres No. of Segments: 17 No. of Associations: 6 Overall Significance: B-E, Z Overview Condition: 3-5, 9

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Willamulka Road and ends at the intersection with Bute-Kadina Road (TSA RN 3840).

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 15, 17, 18, 22, 44 and 45. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, E. oleosa, E. phenax, E. porosa, Acacia ligulata, Santalum acuminatum, *Brassica sp. and *Carrichtera annua.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Callitris preissii, Acacia notabilis, Rhagodia parabolica, Austrostipa elegantissima and Austrostipa sp.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Santalum acuminatum, Acacia notabilis, Maireana brevifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Rhagodia parabolica, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta, Austrostipa elegantissima and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Avena barbata, *Triticum aestivum, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Brassica sp. and *Carrichtera annua.

This road crosses two Environmental Associations within the Gulf Plains Environmental Region. These are: 1. Boor Plain Environmental Association (4.6.3) with shallow well drained alkaline brown calcareous (Gc1.12) loams on the undulating plains, deep well drained alkaline whitish calcareous sands (Uc1.11) on dunes, and deep imperfectly drained alkaline crusty red duplex soils (Dr1.13) in salt lakes (environmental units A, B & D); 2. Wokurna Environmental Association (4.6.12) with shallow well-drained alkaline brown calcareous (Gc1.12) loams on the plains, and deep well drained alkaline brown calcareous (Uc5.12) sands on the dunes (environmental units A & B).

Eremophila longifolia Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region), Grevillea huegelii Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) and Acacia notabilis Conservation Rating V (Vulnerable; Yorke Peninsula Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 19 Road Name: Limekiln Road Road No: 7 Survey Length: 3.56 kilometres No. of Segments: 2 No. of Associations: 1 Overall Significance: B-D Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Cameron West Road and ends at the intersection with Old Well Road.

Vegetation Associations recorded include No 14. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus oleosa, E. brachycalyx and E. phenax.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Acacia notabilis.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Acacia oswaldii, Ac. microcarpa, Santalum acuminatum, Geijera linearifolia, Ac. wilhelmiana, Ac. sclerophylla, Rhagodia parabolica and Austrostipa elegantissima.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Carrichtera annua, *Piptatherum miliaceum and *Avena barbata.

Acacia notabilis Conservation Rating V (Vulnerable; Yorke Peninsula Region) and Ac. sclerophylla Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 20 Road Name: Cameron West Road Road No: 14 Survey Length: 9.88 kilometres No. of Segments: 47 No. of Associations: 10 Overall Significance: B-E Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Lime Kiln Road and ends at the intersection with John Green Boundary Road.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 5, 7, 9, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21 and 43. The overstorey species recorded include Callitris preissii, Eucalyptus sp. (plantation), E. oleosa, E. brachycalyx, E. phenax, E. porosa, E. socialis, E. calycogona var. calycogona, E. gracilis, Acacia sp. (plantation), *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Allocasuarina verticillata, Acacia hakeoides, Ac. notabilis, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa and Dianella revoluta var. revoluta.

Native understorey species recorded include Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia, Acacia oswaldii, Ac. ligulata, Ac. wilhelmiana, Ac. sclerophylla, Grevillea huegelii, Salsola kali, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia and Austrostipa eremophila.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Schinus areira, *Marrubium vulgare, *Lactuca serriola, *Solanum sp., *Echium plantagineum, *Brassica sp., *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Carrichtera annua , *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona Conservation Rating V (Vulnerable; Yorke Peninsula Region), Acacia notabilis Conservation Rating V (Vulnerable; Yorke Peninsula Region), Ac. sclerophylla Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) and Grevillea huegelii Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 21 Road Name: Coast Road Road No: 14 Survey Length: 7.19 kilometres No. of Segments: 28 No. of Associations: 9 Overall Significance: A-E Overview Condition: 1-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Bute Boundary Road and ends at the intersection with Alford-Tickera Road.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 6, 21, 22, 25, 29, 35, 37, 43 and 44. The overstorey species recorded include Myoporum platycarpum, Eucalyptus sp. (plantation), E. oleosa, E. socialis, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Geijera linearifolia, Acacia sp. (plantation), Ac. ligulata, Ac. nyssophylla, Nitraria billardierei, Atriplex stipitata, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Halosarcia pergranulata, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Asphodelus fistulosus, *Salvia verbenaca form, *Carrichtera annua, *Piptatherum miliaceum and *Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, Casuarina pauper, Myoporum platycarpum, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Nitraria billardierei, *Schinus areira and Maireana aphylla.

Native understorey species recorded include Atriplex stipitata, Maireana brevifolia, Halosarcia pergranulata, Rhagodia parabolica, Cratystylis conocephala and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Schinus areira, *Marrubium vulgare, *Asphodelus fistulosus, *Compositae sp., *Lycium ferocissimum, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Brassica sp., *Piptatherum miliaceum, *Carrichtera annua, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

This road crosses one Environmental Associations within the Gulf Plains Environmental Region. This is the Boor Plain Environmental Association (4.6.3) with shallow well-drained alkaline brown calcareous (Gc1.12) loams on the undulating plains, deep well-drained alkaline whitish calcareous sands (Uc1.11) on dunes, and deep imperfectly drained alkaline crusty red duplex soils (Dr1.13) in salt lakes (environmental units A, B & D).

Cratystylis conocephala Conservation Rating E (Endangered: Yorke Peninsula Region), Halosarcia pergranulata ssp. pergranulata Conservation Rating Q (Not yet assessed; Yorke Peninsula Region) and Maireana aphylla Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 22 Road Name: Alford-Tickera Road Road No: 19 Survey Length: 10.45 kilometres No. of Segments: 46 No. of Associations: 20 Overall Significance: B-E, Z Overview Condition: 3-5, 9

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Coast Road, Tickera and ends at the intersection with the Port Broughton-Kadina Road (TSA RA 3680), Alford.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 6, 7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 29, 30, 31, 32, 41, 43, 45 and 46. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus sp. (plantation), E. oleosa, E. brachycalyx, E. gracilis, E. porosa, E. phenax, Myoporum platycarpum, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Geijera linearifolia, Acacia sp. (plantation), Ac. ligulata, Ac. hakeoides, Ac. nyssophylla, Ac. oswaldii, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Casuarina sp. (plantation), Austrostipa sp., *Piptatherum miliaceum and *Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Eucalyptus oleosa, E. porosa, Santalum acuminatum, Grevillea huegelii, Nitraria billardierei and Maireana aphylla.

Native understorey species recorded include Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia, Templetonia egena, Rhagodia parabolica, Scaevola spinescens, Austrodanthonia sp. and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Marrubium vulgare, *Compositae sp., *Salvia verbenaca, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Brassica sp., *Piptatherum miliaceum, *Carrichtera annua, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

This road crosses two Environmental Associations within the Gulf Plains Environmental Region. These are: 1. Boor Plain Environmental Association (4.6.3) with shallow well drained alkaline brown calcareous (Gc1.12) loams on the undulating plains, deep well drained alkaline whitish calcareous sands (Uc1.11) on dunes, and deep imperfectly drained alkaline crusty red duplex soils (Dr1.13) in salt lakes (environmental units A, B & D); 2. Wokurna Environmental Association (4.6.12) with shallow well-drained alkaline brown calcareous (Gc1.12) loams on the plains, and deep well drained alkaline brown calcareous (Uc5.12) sands on the dunes (environmental units A & B).

Templetonia egena Conservation Rating T (Threatened; Yorke Peninsula Region), Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Conservation Rating T (Threatened; Yorke Peninsula Region), Acacia sclerophylla Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region), Eremophila glabra ssp. glabra Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) and Grevillea huegelii Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 23 Road Name: Bill Avery’s Road Road No: 19 Survey Length: 4.67 kilometres No. of Segments: 21 No. of Associations: 12 Overall Significance: B-E, Z Overview Condition: 3-5, 9

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Port Broughton-Kadina Road (TSA RA 3680) in Alford and ends at the intersection with Bews-Pine Forest and Haldanes Roads.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 1, 3, 5, 14, 15, 22, 31, 33, 41, 42, 45 and 46. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus oleosa, E. brachycalyx, E. gracilis, E. porosa, Callitris preissii, Santalum acuminatum, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Geijera linearifolia, Acacia ligulata, Ac. hakeoides, Ac. nyssophylla, Ac. oswaldii, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Senna artemisioides ssp. petiolaris and *Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Casuarina pauper, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Eucalyptus sp. (plantation), *Brassica sp. and *Avena barbata.

Native understorey species recorded include Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Santalum acuminatum, Grevillea huegelii, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia and Austrostipa nodosa.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Schinus areira, *Carrichtera annua, *Triticum aestivum, *Brassica sp. and *Avena barbata.

This road crosses two Environmental Associations within the Gulf Plains Environmental Region. These are: 1. Boor Plain Environmental Association (4.6.3) with shallow well drained alkaline brown calcareous (Gc1.12) loams on the undulating plains, deep well drained alkaline whitish calcareous sands (Uc1.11) on dunes, and deep imperfectly drained alkaline crusty red duplex soils (Dr1.13) in salt lakes (environmental units A, B & D); 2.Wokurna Environmental Association (4.6.12) with shallow well drained alkaline brown calcareous (Gc1.12) loams on the plains, and deep well drained alkaline brown calcareous (Uc5.12) sands on the dunes (environmental units A & B).

Grevillea huegelii Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) and Acacia sclerophylla Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 24 Road Name: Haldanes Road Road No: 4 Survey Length: 4.26 kilometres No. of Segments: 8 No. of Associations: 2 Overall Significance: C-E Overview Condition: 4, 5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Bews-Pine Forest and Bill Avery's Roads and ends at the intersection with Sluggetts Road.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 15 and 43. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus oleosa and *Avena barbata. Die back (DIE) was recorded in the Eucalyptus oleosa found in Segments 1 on both sides of the road.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Eucalyptus oleosa, E. porosa, Callitris preissii, Acacia ligulata, Rhagodia parabolica and Ac. oswaldii.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Santalum acuminatum, Acacia hakeoides, Grevillea huegelii, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Geijera linearifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia and Rhagodia parabolica.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Carrichtera annua, *Triticum aestivum, *Brassica sp. and *Avena barbata.

This road crosses two Environmental Associations within the Gulf Plains Environmental Region. These are: 1. Boor Plain Environmental Association (4.6.3) with shallow well drained alkaline brown calcareous (Gc1.12) loams on the undulating plains, deep well drained alkaline whitish calcareous sands (Uc1.11) on dunes, and deep imperfectly drained alkaline crusty red duplex soils (Dr1.13) in salt lakes (environmental units A, B & D); 2. Wokurna Environmental Association (4.6.12) with shallow well-drained alkaline brown calcareous (Gc1.12) loams on the plains, and deep well drained alkaline brown calcareous (Uc5.12) sands on the dunes (environmental units A & B).

Road Order: 25 Road Name: Herbert 3 Chain Road Road No: 2 Survey Length: 6.42 kilometres No. of Segments: 20 No. of Associations: 10 Overall Significance: B-E Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Cliffords Road and ends at the intersection with Aeroplane-Mundoora Road.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 21, 24, 31, 41 and 43. The overstorey species recorded include Callitris preissii, Eucalyptus socialis, E. incrassata var. incrassata, E. brachycalyx, E. gracilis, E. porosa, E. oleosa, Eremophila longifolia, Enneapogon nigricans, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Callitris preissii, Eucalyptus socialis, E. incrassata var. incrassata, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata and Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Acacia sclerophylla, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia, Rhagodia parabolica, Atriplex stipitata, Austrodanthonia sp. and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Schinus areira, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Brassica sp., *Carrichtera annua, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region), Acacia sclerophylla Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) and Enneapogon nigricans Conservation Rating R (Rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 26 Road Name: Vennings Road Road No: 3 Survey Length: 4.03 kilometres No. of Segments: 9 No. of Associations: 8 Overall Significance: B-E Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Aeroplane-Mundoora Road and ends at the intersection with an unnamed road (council boundary).

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 32 and 43. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus sp. (plantation), E. oleosa, E. brachycalyx, E. socialis, E. incrassata var. incrassata, Callitris preissii, Melaleuca sp. (plantation), Casuarina sp. (plantation), *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Callitris preissii, E. incrassata var. incrassata, E. socialis, E. phenax, Bursaria spinosa and Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia, Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia and Rhagodia parabolica.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Compositae sp., *Triticum aestivum, *Echium plantagineum, *Solanum sp., *Brassica sp. and *Avena barbata.

For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 27 Road Name: Towerview Road Road No: 22 Survey Length: 9.60 kilometres No. of Segments: 36 No. of Associations: 10 Overall Significance: B-E Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with unnamed road (council boundary) and ends at the intersection with Port Broughton-Bute Road (TSA RA 3683).

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 15, 19, 20, 21, 22, 31, 32, 34, 41 and 43. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus sp. (plantation), E. oleosa, E. socialis, Santalum acuminatum, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Acacia ligulata, Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, *Schinus areira, *Avena barbata and *Triticum aestivum.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Eucalyptus sp. (plantation), E. porosa, E. socialis, Acacia sp. (plantation), Ac. sclerophylla and Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata.

Native understorey species recorded include Myoporum platycarpum, Acacia ligulata, Santalum acuminatum, Acacia notabilis, Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Schinus areira, *Marrubium vulgare, *Echium plantagineum, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Avena barbata, *Brassica sp. and *Triticum aestivum.

Acacia notabilis Conservation Rating V (Vulnerable: Yorke Peninsula Region) and Acacia sclerophylla Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 28 Road Name: Aeroplane / Mundoora Road Road No: 1 Survey Length: 16.53 kilometres No. of Segments: 73 No. of Associations: 14 Overall Significance: B-E Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Snowtown-Bute Road (TSA RN 3846), Bute and ends at the intersection with Wokurna-Snowtown (Youngs) Road, Wokurna.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 41, 43 and 44. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus sp. (plantation), E. gracilis, E. brachycalyx, E. socialis, E. phenax, Callitris preissii, Acacia ligulata, Austrostipa sp., *Pinus sp., *Avena barbata and *Triticum aestivum.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Callitris preissii, C. verrucosa, Eucalyptus sp. (plantation), E. gracilis, E. porosa, E. incrassata var. incrassata, Acacia sp. (plantation), Ac. ligulata, Casuarina sp. (plantation), Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Templetonia sulcata, Maireana brevifolia and Salsola kali.

Native understorey species recorded include Santalum acuminatum, Acacia notabilis, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Grevillea huegelii, Senna artemisioides ssp. petiolaris, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Beyeria lechenaultii, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta, Maireana brevifolia, Enneapogon nigricans and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Schinus areira, *Pinus sp., *Olea europaea ssp. europaea, *Echium plantagineum, *Lycium ferocissimum, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Marrubium vulgare, *Avena barbata, *Oenothera stricta ssp. stricta, *Cynodon dactylon, *Cucumis myriocarpus, *Brassica sp. and *Triticum aestivum.

Acacia notabilis Conservation Rating V (Vulnerable: Yorke Peninsula Region), Enneapogon nigricans Conservation Rating R (Rare: Yorke Peninsula Region), Grevillea huegelii Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region), Acacia sclerophylla Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region), Callitris verrucosa Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) and Templetonia sulcata Conservation Rating U, V (Uncommon: South Australia, Vulnerable: Yorke Peninsula Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 29 Road Name: Mundoora-Wokurna Road Road No: 10 Survey Length: 13.72 kilometres No. of Segments: 58 No. of Associations: 13 Overall Significance: B-E Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Wokurna-Snowtown (Youngs) Road, Wokurna and ends at the intersection with Port Broughton-Mundoora Road.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 16, 19, 21, 22, 31, 41, 43 and 44. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, E. brachycalyx, E. socialis, E. phenax, E. calycogona var. calycogona, E. porosa, E. incrassata var. incrassata, Callitris preissii, Eucalyptus sp. (plantation), Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Acacia ligulata, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Templetonia egena, Austrostipa sp., *Brassica sp., *Echium plantagineum, *Piptatherum miliaceum, *Salvia verbenaca, *Avena barbata and *Triticum aestivum.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Casuarina pauper, E. calycogona var. calycogona, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Acacia hakeoides, Ac. victoriae ssp. victoriae, Enneapogon nigricans and Austrostipa sp.

Native understorey species recorded include Acacia ligulata, Grevillea huegelii, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Senna artemisioides ssp. petiolaris, Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana appressa, Maireana brevifolia, Rhagodia parabolica, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta, Austrodanthonia sp. and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Piptatherum miliaceum, *Heliotropium europaeum, *Carrichtera annua, *Salvia verbenaca, *Lactuca serriola, *Solanum sp., *Brassica sp., *Avena barbata and *Triticum aestivum.

Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona Conservation Rating V (Vulnerable; Yorke Peninsula Region), Acacia notabilis Conservation Rating V (Vulnerable: Yorke Peninsula Region), Templetonia egena Conservation Rating T (Threatened; Yorke Peninsula Region), Grevillea huegelii Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region), Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region), Eremophila longifolia Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region), Eremophila glabra ssp. glabra Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) and Enneapogon nigricans Conservation Rating R (Rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 30 Road Name: Port Broughton-Mundoora Road Road No: 17 Survey Length: 14.50 kilometres No. of Segments: 53 No. of Associations: 18 Overall Significance: B-E, Z Overview Condition: 3-5, 9

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with the Main Street, Mundoora and ends at the intersection with Port Broughton-Bute Road (TSA RN 3683), Port Broughton.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 3, 4, 6, 10, 14, 15, 19, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 31, 40, 41, 43, 45 and 46. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus oleosa, E. brachycalyx, Callitris preissii, Myoporum platycarpum, Casuarina pauper, Acacia ligulata, Ac. oswaldii, Ac. hakeoides, Ac. nyssophylla, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Eremophila longifolia, Dodonaea viscosa ssp., Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia, Rhagodia parabolica, Enneapogon nigricans, Austrostipa sp., *Cynodon dactylon, *Piptatherum miliaceum, *Avena barbata and *Triticum aestivum.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Casuarina pauper, Callitris preissii, Myoporum platycarpum, Eucalyptus sp. (plantation), E. socialis, E. porosa, E. brachycalyx, E. gracilis, Acacia ligulata, Ac. oswaldii, Ac. notabilis, Eremophila longifolia, Salsola kali, Maireana brevifolia, Rhagodia parabolica, *Lycium ferocissimum and *Schinus areira.

Native understorey species recorded include Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Acacia ligulata, Ac. nyssophylla, Dodonaea viscosa ssp., Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia, Rhagodia parabolica and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Schinus areira, *Brassica sp., *Lycium ferocissimum, *Echium plantagineum, *Marrubium vulgare, *Asphodelus fistulosus, *Nicotiana glauca, *Carrichtera annua, *Piptatherum miliaceum, *Cynodon dactylon, *Salvia verbenaca, *Avena barbata and *Triticum aestivum.

Acacia notabilis Conservation Rating V (Vulnerable: Yorke Peninsula Region), Templetonia egena Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region), Eremophila longifolia Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region), Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) and Enneapogon nigricans Conservation Rating R (Rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 31 Road Name: Bussenschutt Road Road No: 27 Survey Length: 2.58 kilometres No. of Segments: 11 No. of Associations: 6 Overall Significance: B-E Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Bute Boundary Road and ends at the entrance to property (No Entry sign).

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 3, 7, 21, 35, 41 and 43. The overstorey species recorded include Casuarina pauper, Eucalyptus brachycalyx, Eucalyptus sp. (plantation), Nitraria billardierei, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa and *Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Eucalyptus brachycalyx, Myoporum platycarpum, Acacia oswaldii, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Amyema miquelii, Maireana brevifolia, Rhagodia parabolica and *Lycium ferocissimum.

Native understorey species recorded include ) Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Acacia ligulata, Ac. oswaldii, Nitraria billardierei, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia and Rhagodia parabolica.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Lycium ferocissimum, *Marrubium vulgare, * Cucumis myriocarpus, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Avena barbata and *Brassica sp.

Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) is recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 32 Road Name: Youngs Road Road No: 8 Survey Length: 8.77 kilometres No. of Segments: 27 No. of Associations: 10 Overall Significance: B-E Overview Condition: 3-5

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Port Broughton-Kadina Road (TSA RN 3680) and ends at the intersection with Port Broughton-Bute Road (TSA RN 3683) (Cream Puff Corner).

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 1, 10, 13, 14, 15, 19, 22, 41, 43 and 44. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus oleosa, E. brachycalyx, E. socialis, E. gracilis, E. incrassata var. incrassata, Callitris preissii, Acacia ligulata, Enneapogon nigricans, Austrostipa sp., *Tamarix aphylla, *Pinus sp., *Schinus areira, *Brassica sp., *Cynodon dactylon and *Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Callitris preissii, Eucalyptus socialis, Myoporum platycarpum, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia, and Dianella revoluta var. revoluta.

Native understorey species recorded include Grevillea huegelii, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Acacia ligulata, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia, Rhagodia parabolica, Salsola kali, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta, Enneapogon nigricans and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Lycium ferocissimum, *Tamarix aphylla, *Pinus sp., *Schinus areira, *Salvia verbenaca, *Brassica sp., *Marrubium vulgare, *Echium plantagineum, *Piptatherum miliaceum, *Lactuca serriola, *Cynodon dactylon and *Avena barbata.

Grevillea huegelii Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) and Enneapogon nigricans Conservation Rating R (Rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Road Order: 33 Road Name: Wokurna - Snowtown Road Road No: 9 Survey Length: 10.02 kilometres No. of Segments: 38 No. of Associations: 13 Overall Significance: B-E, Z Overview Condition: 3-5, 9

The surveyed section of road commences at the intersection with Port Broughton-Bute Road (TSA RN 3683) and ends at the intersection with Mundoora Road.

Vegetation Associations recorded include Nos. 7, 10, 13, 15, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 41, 43, 44 and 46. The overstorey species recorded include Eucalyptus oleosa, E. brachycalyx, E. socialis, E. calycogona var. calycogona, E. gracilis, E. phenax, E. incrassata var. incrassata, Callitris preissii, Eremophila longifolia, Eucalyptus sp. (plantation), Melaleuca sp. (plantation), Acacia ligulata, Enneapogon nigricans, Austrostipa sp., *Schinus areira, *Brassica sp., *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

Emergent (EME) species recorded include Callitris preissii, Eucalyptus odorata, E. socialis, E. phenax, E. porosa, Eucalyptus sp. (plantation), Acacia ligulata, Acacia hakeoides, *Schinus areira, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia and Dianella revoluta var. revoluta.

Native understorey species recorded include Grevillea huegelii, Acacia ligulata, Ac. notabilis, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Alyxia buxifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia, Salsola kali, Rhagodia parabolica, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta, Enneapogon nigricans, Austrodanthonia sp. and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded include *Schinus areira, *Salvia verbenaca, *Brassica sp., *Marrubium vulgare, *Echium plantagineum, *Piptatherum miliaceum, *Lactuca serriola, *Pennisetum villosum, *Carrichtera annua, *Cynodon dactylon and *Avena barbata.

E. calycogona var. calycogona Conservation Rating V (Vulnerable; Yorke Peninsula Region), Acacia notabilis Conservation Rating V (Vulnerable; Yorke Peninsula Region), Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region), Grevillea huegelii Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) and Eremophila longifolia Conservation Rating K (Uncertain - either threatened or rare; Yorke Peninsula Region) are recorded on this road. For details of Segments containing Conservation Rated Species or suitable for RMS installation refer to Appendix N and O.

Table 2: Summary of Roads Surveyed Total Number of Roads 33 Total Number of Roads Surveyed 33 Total Length of Roads Surveyed - km 260.70 Total Distance of Roads Surveyed - km 521.40 Total Number of Segments 1,700 Total Number of Vegetation Associations 46 Minimum Length of Segment Surveyed - km 0.02 Maximum Length of Segment Surveyed - km 3.35 Average Length of Segment Surveyed - km 0.31

Table 3: Summary of Associations Recorded on Roads Surveyed RO Road Name Association No. 1 Balaklava Road 10, 35, 39, 41, 43 2 Pumping Station-Taylors Road 15, 18, 19, 21, 31, 32, 41, 43, 45 3 Top Road 10, 15, 21, 28, 39, 40, 41, 43 4 Almond Tree Road 21, 24, 35, 41, 43, 44 5 Hummocks Road 13, 15, 17, 18, 43 6 McDonald-Old Well Road 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 43, 44 7 Old Pirie Road 6, 10, 22, 23, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43 8 North Fishermans Bay Road 35, 36, 37, 38, 43, 45 9 Fishermans Bay Road 6, 22, 23, 43, 45, 46 10 Wards Hill North Road 4, 10, 22, 23, 25, 35, 41, 43 11 Manners Road 4, 10, 22, 23, 25, 35, 43 12 Sunnyside Road 3, 4, 10, 22, 23, 31, 35, 43 13 Ward Hill Road 4, 7, 10, 15, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 41, 43, 45 1, 5, 7, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 26, 14 Pine Forest-Bews Road 31, 32, 41, 43, 44, 45 15 Chappel Road 7, 10, 14, 15, 16, 22, 26, 43 16 Melton Road 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 25, 27, 43 1, 5, 7, 10, 11, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 26, 17 Church Road 28, 31, 33, 41, 43, 45 18 Willamulka Road 15, 17, 18, 22, 44, 45 19 Lime Kiln Road 14 20 Cameron West / Cameron Road 5, 7, 9, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 43 21 Coast Road 6, 21, 22, 25, 29, 35, 37, 43, 44 6, 7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 29, 22 Alford-Tickera Road 30, 31, 32, 41, 43, 45, 46 23 Bill Avery's Road 1, 3, 5, 14, 15, 22, 31, 33, 41, 43, 45, 46 24 Haldanes Road 15, 43 25 Herberts 3 Chain Road 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 21, 24, 31, 41, 43 26 Vennings Road 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 32, 43 27 Towerview Road 15, 19, 20, 21, 22, 31, 32, 34, 41, 43 28 Aeroplane-Mundoora Road 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 41, 43, 44 29 Mundoora-Wokurna Road 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 16, 19, 21, 22, 31, 41, 43, 44 30 Broughton-Mundoora Road 3, 4, 6, 10, 14, 15, 19, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 31, 40, 41, 43, 45, 46 31 Bussenschutt Road 3, 7, 21, 35, 41, 43 32 Youngs Road 1, 10, 13, 14, 15, 19, 22, 41, 43, 44 33 Wokurna-Snowtown Road 7, 10, 13, 15, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 41, 43, 44, 46

General Overview of Vegetation Associations.

For this survey, vegetation association descriptions were developed, some of which are specific to this survey, and often relate to the linear profile of the remnant vegetation and the road’s position in the landscape. Some interpretations of vegetation associations can be attributed to transition through eco-tones and the influence of human activities; i.e. clearing, revegetation, plantations, gardens and the regeneration of weeds and native species after these activities have taken place.

Remnant Native Vegetation

Since a greater part of the District Council of Barunga West area has been cleared or modified for agriculture, horticulture and urban development and in the process a significant proportion of the original native vegetation has been cleared (Refer Map: “ROADS SURVEYED”) the remnant vegetation within road reserves plays an extremely important role in:

• The conservation of plant species by acting as a seed bank for future regeneration of plant species. • Use as a reference area for vegetation association studies. • The provision of wildlife corridors to link larger areas of remnant native vegetation (conservation parks and reserves, heritage areas and private holdings). • Important wildlife habitat for birds, small mammals and reptiles (all of which assist farmers in the control of crop and pasture pests). • Reducing sun glare

Given the extent of this land clearance in the last 150 years it is now difficult to determine the true area covered by many of the remaining plant associations. The remnant vegetation figure within the council district is now estimated to be an average of 4.91% of the original coverage and the information on species diversity and various understorey species has been lost. (Refer Table 4).

Table 4: Remnant Vegetation Figures for Hundreds within the Survey Area % Remnant Hundred of Road Order (RO) Native Vegetation Mundoora 15.3 7, 8, 9, 30 Wokurna 2.2 1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 29, 32, 33 Tickera 3.4 15, 21, 22, 23, 31 Wiltunga 1.8 14, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 Ninnes 2.1 6, 17, 18, 19, 20 Kulpara 4.7 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 16

Plants of Conservation Significance

During the survey nineteen indigenous plants with a conservation rating were recorded. The conservation ratings assigned to these plants are current for the year 2003. These conservation ratings are reviewed annually and may change in the future. Some of these conservation rated plant species are also the dominant plants recorded in an association. In these cases the conservation rating can have an influence on the Association Conservation Priority Rating (Conservation Significance).

Table 5: Conservation Status of Plant Species (Yorke Peninsula/Northern Lofty) # Region X E V T R K U N Q Total Aus ------SA ------NL - - 2 - - 1 - - - 3 YP - 2 3 2 1 6 - - 2 16

# = Conservation status as listed in Briggs & Leigh (1996), and Lang & Kraehenbuehl (1997)

Aus = National Status SA = State status NL = Northern Lofty Regional status YP = Yorke Peninsula Regional status X = Presumed extinct; not recorded for more than 50 years E = Endangered; rare and in danger of becoming extinct V = Vulnerable; rare and at risk from potential threats in the long term T = Threatened; rare and likely to become either endangered or vulnerable = Rare having a low overall frequency, confined to a restricted ranged or scattered R sparsely over a wider area = Uncertain; either threatened or rare but insufficient data for a more precise K assessment. U = Uncommon; less common species but not rare N = Not considered to be in danger Q = Not yet assessed but flagged as being of possible significance.

Refer to Appendix A for a complete list of all species identified in the field, or from collections made in the field and subsequently checked with the SA Herbarium collection. Plant species with a conservation rating may be overlooked during a Drive-By Survey and only the larger or more prominent species may be recorded. It is the role of the Drive-By survey to identify Segments likely to contain a wide variety and good populations of native species and which are suitable for follow-up intensive vegetation surveys or plant lists generated from Bush For Life site surveys.

Ranking of Vegetation Association Conservation Significance and Overall Significance

Using this methodology data collected can be used to assess the relative ecological value of the vegetation in each Segment. Each vegetation association is assigned a conservation priority rating (Conservation Significance) based primarily upon the extent of its protection in National Parks and Wildlife Reserves and Heritage Agreements (Neagle, 1995 and Davies, 1982) and its remnancy (i.e. contemporary extent relative to pre-European extent). Definitions of conservation priority ratings (Conservation Significance) are determined using the criteria detailed in Table 6.

Table 6: Vegetation Association Conservation Significance Rating Description Very high conservation rating; includes any associations whose Conservation Status was identified by Neagle 1995 as Poor or Nil (little or no representation in 1 Conservation Parks or Heritage Agreements); typically includes associations that are most extensively cleared and/or most degraded. High conservation rating; includes associations whose Conservation Status was identified by Neagle 1995 as either Moderate or Reasonable (greater representation 2 in Conservation Parks or Heritage Agreements); typically includes associations that are moderately cleared; may include mixed native vegetation that includes significant species in the overstorey. Moderate conservation rating; includes relatively common associations whose 3 conservation status was identified by Neagle as either Reasonable or Excellent; may include mixed native vegetation that contains common species in the overstorey. Low conservation rating; may include some mixed native + alien vegetation that 4 cannot be categorized readily into a formal association type. 5 Of no conservation significance; very little or no native vegetation. Nil Conservation Rating; of no conservation significance; very little or no native 9 vegetation.

(Adapted from ‘Guide to Roadside Vegetation Survey Methodology for South Australia’, Stokes et al 1998).

Table 7 details the total number of Associations and the number of associations in each Conservation Significance Category (Refer to Appendix H-L). Conservation Significance Category 2 vegetation associations include any association whose Conservation Status was identified by Neagle 1995 as Poor or Nil (little or no representation in Conservation Parks or Heritage Agreements) and typically includes associations that are most extensively cleared and/or most degraded. The native vegetation associations are found predominately in Categories 2 & 3. Category 5 contains mainly exotic and non-endemic native associations (plantations etc) while Category 9 usually contains areas of ‘Built-up’, ‘Bare ground’ or ‘Watercourse’ situations where no vegetation association usually exists although single or small groups of native trees can still be found in Built-up areas.

Table 7: Number of Vegetation Associations in each Conservation Significance Category Conservation 1 2 3 4 5 9 Total Significance No. of Associations 7 19 14 - 4 2 46

Weed Species

The presence of weed species in a Segment influences the Overview Condition Rating of the Segment understorey (Average/Minimum/Maximum value; Rating 1-5), which is assigned to a Segment during the survey and is based on Table 8. Thirty-two weed species were recorded during the survey including *Avena barbata, *Phalaris sp., *Gramineae sp., *Pennisetum villosum, *Echium plantagineum, *Asphodelus fistulosus, *Rosa sp., *Salvia verbenaca form and *Scabiosa atropurpurea. Other weed species of concern include *Myrsiphyllum asparagoides, *Olea europaea ssp. europaea, *Marrubium vulgare, *Carrichtera annua and *Pennisetum villosum (Refer Appendix M for the ID, Road Order (RO) and Segment No./Side of Reserve for details of where these weed species have been recorded).

At the time of the survey a number of exotic grass species were recognized to exist in the road reserves. A number of these grasses are not readily identifiable because of a lack of flowering parts due to the plants early stage of development and where the road reserve has been slashed, and have been recorded in the survey data sheets as *Gramineae sp. *Gramineae sp. is also used in the Alien Species section of the data sheets when two or more alien grasses are present as well as other alien species (e.g. *Rubus sp., *Olea europaea ssp. europaea, *Marrubium vulgare, *Heliotropium europaeum) and the survey team wished to record the proclaimed species as well as grasses.

Refer to Appendix A for a complete list of all native and exotic plant species recorded during the survey.

Table 8: Condition of Understorey – Overview Condition Condition Overview Description Rating Condition Very little or no sign of alien vegetation in the understorey*; 1 Excellent resembles probable pre-European condition. High proportion of native species and native cover in the 2 Good understorey*; reasonable representation of probable pre-European vegetation. Substantial invasion of alien species but native understorey* persists; for example, may be a low proportion of native species and 3 Moderate a high native cover, or a high proportion of native species and low native cover. The understorey* consists predominately of alien species, although a 4 Poor small number of natives persist. 5 Very Poor The understorey* consists only of alien species. *Or all Strata if the upper and lower strata are difficult to distinguish

(Adapted from ‘Guide to Roadside Vegetation Survey Methodology for South Australia’, Stokes et al 1998).

Table 9: Summary of Overall Condition Condition Very Not Excellent Good Moderate Poor Total Rating Poor Relevant Length (km) 15.07 6.29 43.05 222.49 225.99 8.51 521.40 Percent % 2.89 1.21 8.25 42.67 43.35 1.63 100% No. of 22 15 98 674 854 37 1700 Segments

Overall Significance

The analysis of Overall Significance ranks vegetation Segments according to their Overall Ecological Value, as described in Table 6. This is based on a combination of two attributes using the matrix table: the Conservation Priority Rating (Conservation Significance; Rating 1-5) for the vegetation association, and the Overview Condition Rating of the Segment understorey (Average/Minimum/Maximum value - Rating 1-5), which is assigned to a Segment during the survey and is based on Table 8. This provides a summary of the ecological value of the vegetation in each Segment. Refer to section 5.1.7 Condition of understorey: ‘Guide to Roadside Vegetation Survey Methodology for South Australia’, Stokes et al 1998).

Table 10: Matrix of Overall Significance Values as Determined by the Conservation Ratings and Overview Condition Ratings Conservation Priority Rating 1 2 3 4 5 1 A A B (C) (C) 2 A B B (C) (D) Condition 3 B B C D (D) 4 C C D E E 5 C D D E E

Note: • For the Conservation Priority Rating, Rating 1 represents the highest conservation value; • For Condition, Rating 1 represents the best condition (least weed invasion); • For Overall Significance, Category A represents the most significant (ecologically most important) vegetation. • Brackets indicate that this combination is unlikely to occur. • That the vegetation associations of the highest priority are never rated lower than Category C. • That vegetation associations of Priority 2 Condition 5 are rated Category D. • That vegetation of a moderate priority rating in excellent condition is rated only B. • That low priority vegetation should never be in “Excellent” (Rating 1) or “Good” (Rating 2) condition.

(‘Guide to Roadside Vegetation Survey Methodology for South Australia’, Stokes et al 1998).

Every Segment is assigned a category (A, B, C, D, E, F, G or Z) according to the combination of these two attributes, as detailed in Tables 6 and 8. This provides a simple summary of the relative ecological value of the vegetation association in each Segment. Further analysis and interpretation can be applied by comparing width and density/distribution data to determine the importance of different Segments with similar characteristics. (‘Guide to Roadside Vegetation Survey Methodology for South Australia’, Stokes et al 1998).

Table 11: Categories of Overall Significance Category Description Should not be disturbed; contains a high priority vegetation association in A excellent or good condition. Should not be disturbed; contains a high priority vegetation association in B moderate condition or a lower priority association in excellent condition. Disturbance should be avoided whenever possible; contains a high priority C vegetation association in poor condition or a lower priority association in moderate condition. May be disturbed, subject to further assessment and planning; contains limited D native vegetation in poor condition. E May be disturbed; very little or no native vegetation present. May be of conservation significance, affected by sand drift. Requires further F assessment prior to any works. May be disturbed, affected by sand drift, requires further assessment prior to any G works. Not relevant to overall significance. Area is either Built-up, Bare Ground or a Z Watercourse.

(‘Guide to Roadside Vegetation Survey Methodology for South Australia’, Stokes et al 1998).

Table 12: Summary of Overall Significance Category A B C D E Z Total Length (km) 19.29 42.85 204.97 94.52 151.26 8.51 521.40 Percent % 3.69 8.22 39.31 18.13 29.01 1.64 100.00 No. of Segments 33 98 578 369 585 37 1700

Table 12 details the total number of kilometres for each of the Overall Significance categories, the percentage of road reserve each category represents and the total number of Segments for each Overall Significance Category.

Table 13: Vegetation Associations 1-46 Assoc Conservation Association No. Significance 1 Callitris preissii Woodland 2 2 Callitris preissii / E. incrassata var. incrassata / E. socialis Woodland 2 3 Casuarina pauper Open Woodland 2 4 Casuarina pauper / Myoporum platycarpum Open Woodland 2 5 Eucalyptus porosa Woodland 1 6 Myoporum platycarpum Open Woodland 2 7 Eucalyptus brachycalyx Mallee 2 8 Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona Mallee 1 9 Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona / E. phenax ssp. Mallee 1 10 Eucalyptus gracilis Mallee 2 11 Eucalyptus gracilis / E. calycogona var. calycogona Mallee 1 12 Eucalyptus gracilis +/- E. porosa Mallee 2 13 Eucalyptus incrassata var. incrassata Mallee 2 14 Eucalyptus oleosa / E. brachycalyx Mallee 2 15 Eucalyptus oleosa Mallee 2 16 Eucalyptus phenax ssp. Mallee 2 17 Eucalyptus porosa / E. oleosa Mallee 2 18 Eucalyptus porosa Mallee 2 19 Eucalyptus socialis Mallee 2 20 Exotic Species Plantation 5 21 Non endemic Native Species Plantation 5 22 Acacia ligulata Tall Shrubland 3 23 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Tall Shrubland 1 24 Eremophila longifolia Tall Shrubland 3 25 Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata Tall Shrubland 3 26 Acacia hakeoides Shrubland 3 27 Acacia hakeoides / Melaleuca lanceolata / Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia 3 Shrubland 28 Acacia oswaldii / Senna artemisioides species Shrubland 3 29 Geijera linearifolia / Acacia nyssophylla Shrubland 3 30 Geijera linearifolia / Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea Shrubland 3 31 Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea Shrubland 3 32 Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia Shrubland 3 33 Senna artemisioides ssp. petiolaris Shrubland 3 34 Santalum acuminatum Shrubland 2 35 Nitraria billardierei Shrubland 3 36 Atriplex stipitata / Lawrencia squamata Low Shrubland 3 37 Atriplex stipitata / Halosarcia sp. Low Chenopod Shrubland 2 38 Halosarcia sp. Low Chenopod Shrubland 1 39 Maireana aphylla Low Open Chenopod Shrubland 1 40 Maireana brevifolia Low Chenopod Shrubland 3 41 Mixed Native Species / Exotic Species Grassland 2 42 Austrostipa sp. Grassland 2 43 Exotic Species Grassland 5 44 Exotic Species Herbland 5 45 Bare Ground 9 46 Builtup 9

A detailed description of each Association including the Overall Significance of each of the Associations, the understorey species present, the Road Order: where the particular Association has been recorded and other relevant information including maps showing the distribution of individual Associations follows.

(Refer to Appendix B-G for a summary of the Vegetation Association Overall Significance Ratings A-Z and Appendix H-L for the Summary of Vegetation Association Conservation Significance.)

Vegetation Association Overall Significance Ratings and Descriptions 1-46

1. Callitris preissii Woodland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - 2.96 1.82 - - 4.78 No. of Segments - - 17 2 - - 19

Conservation Significance Rating 2: Callitris preissii has a wide distribution due to its adaptability to sites varying from shallow limestone soils to deep acid sands. In dense woodland, or on rocky soils the understorey can be reduced to patches of scattered grasses and herbs.

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus incrassata var. incrassata, *Lycium ferocissimum and *Schinus areira.

Native understorey species recorded include Acacia ligulata, Ac. hakeoides, Ac. oswaldii, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Santalum acuminatum, Geijera linearifolia, Rhagodia parabolica, Salsola kali, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia and Enneapogon nigricans.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Lycium ferocissimum, *Schinus areira, *Echium plantagineum, *Brassica sp., *Salvia verbenaca form, *Compositae sp., *Carrichtera annua, *Piptatherum miliaceum, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 14, 17, 23, 25 & 32.

2. Callitris preissii / E. incrassata var. incrassata / E. socialis Woodland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - 0.3 - - - 0.3 No. of Segments - - 2 - - - 2

Conservation Significance Rating 2: Callitris preissii has a wide distribution due to its adaptability with sites varying from dense woodlands on sandy rises in mallee areas with Eucalyptus socialis and E. incrassata var. incrassata as co-dominants and a shrub understorey, and on shallow soils over limestone the overstorey can become more open with the understorey reduced to patches of scattered grasses and herbs.

Emergent species recorded include Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa and Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata

Native understorey species recorded include Rhagodia parabolica, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa and Maireana brevifolia.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Brassica sp., *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 25.

3. Casuarina pauper Open Woodland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - 0.99 2.06 - - - 3.05 No. of Segments - 5 6 - - - 11

Conservation Significance Rating 2: Casuarina pauper has a sporadic distribution as single trees or intermingled with other associated species on wide interdunes of red-brown loamy sands in semi-arid regions. The associated understorey is usually open and includes a high number of grasses.

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus sp., E. oleosa, Myoporum platycarpum, *Lycium ferocissimum and Amyema miquelii.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Acacia ligulata, Ac. nyssophylla, Ac. oswaldii, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Santalum acuminatum, Geijera linearifolia, Nitraria billardierei, Rhagodia parabolica, Salsola kali, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are*Lycium ferocissimum, *Brassica sp., *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Carrichtera annua and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 12, 23, 30 & 31.

4. Casuarina pauper / Myoporum platycarpum Open Woodland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - 1.98 2.82 - - - 4.8 No. of Segments - 10 11 - - - 21

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus sp.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Acacia ligulata, Ac. nyssophylla, Ac. oswaldii, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Santalum acuminatum, Geijera linearifolia, Nitraria billardierei, Atriplex stipitata, Lawrencia squamata, Salsola kali, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia, Zygophyllum aurantiacum and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Echium plantagineum, *Brassica sp., *Salvia verbenaca form, *Compositae sp., *Carrichtera annua, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 10, 11, 12, 13 & 30.

5. Eucalyptus porosa Woodland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - 0.56 4.19 - - - 4.75 No. of Segments - 2 13 - - - 15

Conservation Significance Rating 1: Eucalyptus porosa occurs on shallow calcareous soils over limestone and receiving 300mm annual rainfall. Discontinuous patches of Eucalyptus porosa woodland can often be found in large shallow depressions on heavy soils over limestone. These small patches often containing groups of 3-10 trees occur throughout mallee areas particularly where road construction directs surface water runoff into these shallow depressions.

Emergent species recorded include Callitris preissii and Casuarina pauper.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Acacia ligulata, Ac. hakeoides, Ac. oswaldii, Senna artemisioides ssp. petiolaris, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Santalum acuminatum, Geijera linearifolia, Grevillea huegelii, Rhagodia parabolica, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta and Austrostipa nodosa.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Echium plantagineum, *Brassica sp., *Compositae sp., *Carrichtera annua, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 14, 17, 20, 23 & 29.

6. Myoporum platycarpum Open Woodland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - 0.19 5.27 0.34 - - 5.8 No. of Segments - 1 16 2 - - 19

Conservation Significance Rating 2: Myoporum platycarpum is generally found on sandy loam soils in low rainfall regions as a co-dominant species in woodland or mallee communities. In woodland formations M. platycarpum usually occurs as single, spaced, spreading trees over a low chenopod understorey. Where recorded on shallow, loamy soils with limestone rubble the understorey species recorded include Maireana sp., Austrostipa sp. and Zygophyllum sp., while on the less calcareous red-brown sandy soils the Maireana sp. are replaced by Atriplex sp.

Emergent species recorded include Casuarina pauper and Eucalyptus sp.

Native understorey species recorded include Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Acacia ligulata, Ac. nyssophylla, Ac. oswaldii, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Santalum acuminatum, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Geijera linearifolia, Grevillea huegelii, Cratystylis conocephala, Nitraria billardierei, Atriplex stipitata, Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Lycium ferocissimum, *Brassica sp., *Salvia verbenaca form, *Asphodelus fistulosus, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Compositae sp., *Carrichtera annua, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 7, 9, 21, 22 & 30.

7. Eucalyptus brachycalyx Mallee Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - 0.38 14.12 1.71 - - 16.21 No. of Segments - 1 51 11 - - 63

Conservation Significance Rating 2: Eucalyptus brachycalyx grows in a wide range of sites from shallow rocky limestone soils to deep sands. In the northern Yorke Peninsula region co- dominants include E. oleosa and E. gracilis with a shrub understorey, reducing to a few grasses and herbs in dense stands.

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus incrassata var. incrassata, E. porosa, Callitris preissii, Myoporum platycarpum, Alyxia buxifolia, *Lycium ferocissimum and *Schinus areira.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Acacia ligulata, Ac. microcarpa, Ac. notabilis, Ac. hakeoides, Ac. oswaldii, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Senna artemisioides ssp. petiolaris, Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia, Santalum acuminatum, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Geijera linearifolia, Grevillea huegelii, Nitraria billardierei, Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia, Maireana appressa, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta, Austrostipa sp. and Austrodanthonia sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Lycium ferocissimum, *Schinus areira, *Brassica sp., *Echium plantagineum, *Lactuca serriola, *Compositae sp., *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 22, 28, 29, 31 & 33.

8. Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona Mallee Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - 0.3 - - - 0.3 No. of Segments - - 3 - - - 3

Conservation Significance Rating 1: Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona is easily distinguished by its fruit, which has four equally spaced ridges and a constricting neck near the rim. Usually found on heavier soils, sometimes over limestone, with a variety of other eucalypts. The soil type often influences the sub-dominant species recorded with Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona. Where it is long undisturbed on shallow soils, the understorey may be reduced to about forty species. In the Yorke Peninsula Botanical Region Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona has a Conservation Rating of V (Vulnerable).

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus porosa, Acacia notabilis and *Lycium ferocissimum.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Acacia ligulata, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Santalum acuminatum, Grevillea huegelii, Nitraria billardierei, Salsola kali, Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta, Austrostipa sp. and Austrodanthonia sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Lycium ferocissimum, *Brassica sp., *Salvia verbenaca form, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Carrichtera annua, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 28 & 29.

9. Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona / E. phenax ssp. Mallee Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - 0.41 - - - 0.41 No. of Segments - - 1 - - - 1

Conservation Significance Rating 1: Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona is easily distinguished by its fruit, which has four equally spaced ridges and a constricting neck near the rim. Usually found on heavier soils, sometimes over limestone, with a variety of other eucalypts. The soil type often influences the sub-dominant species recorded with Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona. In the Yorke Peninsula Botanical Region Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona has a Conservation Rating of V (Vulnerable). Eucalyptus phenax ssp. prefers sandy to loamy soils containing some lime, from grains to sheet limestone, in areas with an average rainfall of at least 300mm. Both species can support a large number of understorey species, although undisturbed dense stands can exclude or suppress the understorey leaving bare soil with varying densities of leaf litter.

Native understorey species recorded include Grevillea huegelii, Maireana brevifolia and Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Brassica sp., *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

This segment was recorded on RO 20.

10. Eucalyptus gracilis Mallee Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - 7.59 29.92 0.41 - - 37.92 No. of Segments - 10 89 3 - - 102

Emergent species include Casuarina pauper, Eucalyptus sp., E. porosa, E. incrassata var. incrassata, Callitris preissii, Myoporum platycarpum, Salsola kali and Austrostipa nodosa.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Acacia ligulata, Ac. oswaldii, Ac. nyssophylla, Ac. sclerophylla, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Senna artemisioides ssp. petiolaris, Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia, Santalum acuminatum, Templetonia egena, Alyxia buxifolia, Geijera linearifolia, Grevillea huegelii, Cratystylis conocephala, Nitraria billardierei, Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia, Maireana appressa, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta, Austrostipa blackii and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Schinus areira, *Lycium ferocissimum, *Brassica sp., *Marrubium vulgare, *Echium plantagineum, *Salvia verbenaca form, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Compositae sp., *Galenia pubescens var. pubescens, *Carrichtera annua, *Gramineae sp., *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 1, 3, 7, 10-15, 17, 22, 26, 28-30, 32 & 33.

11. Eucalyptus gracilis / E. calycogona var. calycogona Mallee Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - 0.8 - - - 0.8 No. of Segments - - 2 - - - 2

Conservation Significance Rating 1: Eucalyptus gracilis is usually found on deep sands to clay-loams, often over limestone, receiving as little as 200mm average rainfall. It is usually associated with up to four mallee species, rarely an exclusive dominant. Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona is easily distinguished by its fruit, which has four equally spaced ridges and a constricting neck near the rim. Usually found on heavier soils, sometimes over limestone, with a variety of other eucalypts. The soil type often influences the sub-dominant species recorded with Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona. Where it is long undisturbed on shallow soils, the understorey may be reduced to about forty species. In the Yorke Peninsula Botanical Region Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona has a Conservation Rating of V (Vulnerable).

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Geijera linearifolia, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia and Dianella revoluta var. revoluta.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Brassica sp., *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 17.

12. Eucalyptus gracilis +/- E. porosa Mallee Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - 1.48 - - - - 1.48 No. of Segments - 4 - - - - 4

Conservation Significance Rating 2: Eucalyptus gracilis is usually found on deep sands to clay-loams, often over limestone, receiving as little as 200mm average rainfall. It is usually associated with up to four mallee species, rarely an exclusive dominant. In these segments the E. porosa is recorded as being found in the low areas between undulating rises that the road crosses. These areas are usually between 30-50m long (8-10 trees), or occasionally restricted to small groups (2-5 trees). The composition and frequency of understorey species is mostly depleted due to prolonged grazing by stock and rabbits.

Native understorey species recorded include Santalum acuminatum, Geijera linearifolia, Grevillea huegelii, Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are*Compositae sp., *Carrichtera annua and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 22.

13. Eucalyptus incrassata var. incrassata Mallee Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - 3.22 1.23 - - 4.45 No. of Segments - - 18 9 - - 27

Conservation Significance Rating 2: Eucalyptus incrassata var. incrassata is a widespread species across southern Australia from near Perth to the western plains of NSW. As Eucalyptus incrassata var. incrassata is lime tolerant it thrives on both calcareous and deep siliceous sand dunes, where it can become the exclusive dominant on the upper slopes and crests. The dominant overstorey species may vary from one to five and the understorey from about one hundred to thirty or less species.

Emergent species recorded include Callitris preissii, Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona and Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Acacia ligulata, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Brassica sp., *Echium plantagineum, *Salvia verbenaca form, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Piptatherum miliaceum, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 5, 14, 25, 26, 28, 29, 32 & 33.

14. Eucalyptus oleosa / E. brachycalyx Mallee Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - 12.8 15.28 2.37 - - 30.45 No. of Segments - 26 49 6 - - 81

Conservation Significance Rating 2: Eucalyptus oleosa is widespread across the survey area and is found on grey and brown mallee soils which usually contain limestone as rubble or sheet rock, mostly in semi arid areas receiving about 300mm average rainfall. Eucalyptus brachycalyx grows in a wide range of sites from shallow rocky limestone soils to deep sands.

Emergent species recorded include Allocasuarina verticillata, Callitris preissii, Casuarina pauper, Eucalyptus porosa, E. incrassata var. incrassata, Myoporum platycarpum, *Schinus areira and Maireana appressa.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Acacia ligulata, Ac. oswaldii, Ac. hakeoides, Ac. microcarpa, Ac. notabilis, Ac. wilhelmiana, Ac. sclerophylla, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Santalum acuminatum, Templetonia egena, Geijera linearifolia, Atriplex stipitata, Nitraria billardierei, Rhagodia parabolica, Salsola kali, Maireana brevifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Zygophyllum aurantiacum, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta, Austrostipa elegantissima, Austrostipa eremophila, Austrostipa sp. and Austrodanthonia sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Schinus areira, *Brassica sp., *Marrubium vulgare, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Compositae sp., *Carrichtera annua, *Piptatherum miliaceum, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 6, 14-16, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 30 & 32.

15. Eucalyptus oleosa Mallee Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - 10.52 56.13 13.01 - - 79.66 No. of Segments - 20 136 39 - - 195

Emergent species recorded include Callitris preissii, Cal. verrucosa, Casuarinaceae sp., Casuarina pauper, Eucalyptus sp., E. porosa, E. incrassata var. incrassata, Myoporum platycarpum, Templetonia sulcata and Acacia sp.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata, Acacia ligulata, Ac. oswaldii, Ac. hakeoides, Ac. nyssophylla, Ac. notabilis, Ac. wilhelmiana, Ac. sclerophylla, Pittosporum phylliraeoides, Senna artemisioides ssp., Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Santalum acuminatum, Templetonia egena, Eremophila longifolia, Bursaria spinosa, Geijera linearifolia, Grevillea huegelii, Beyeria lechenaultii, Atriplex stipitata, Nitraria billardierei, Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana aphylla, Enchylaena tomentosa, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta, Austrostipa blackii, Austrostipa elegantissima, Austrostipa sp. and Austrodanthonia sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Schinus areira, *Pinus sp., *Lycium ferocissimum, *Brassica sp., *Marrubium vulgare, *Echium plantagineum, *Lactuca serriola, *Salvia verbenaca form, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Compositae sp., *Myrsiphyllum asparagoides, *Carrichtera annua, *Asphodelus fistulosus, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 2, 3, 5, 6, 13-18, 20, 22-28, 30, 32 & 33.

16. Eucalyptus phenax ssp. Mallee Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - 1.08 0.52 0.63 - - 2.23 No. of Segments - 2 5 1 - - 8

Conservation Significance Rating 2: Eucalyptus phenax ssp. is widespread across the survey area and is found on grey and brown mallee soils which usually contain limestone as rubble or sheet rock, mostly in semi arid areas receiving about 300mm average rainfall. The composition and frequency of understorey species is mostly depleted due to prolonged grazing by stock and rabbits.

Native understorey species recorded include Exocarpos aphyllus, Acacia ligulata, Ac. nyssophylla, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia, Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Brassica sp., *Echium plantagineum, *Salvia verbenaca form, *Compositae sp., *Solanum sp., *Carrichtera annua, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 14, 15, 26, 28 & 29.

17. Eucalyptus porosa / E. oleosa Mallee Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - 5.26 0.66 - - 5.92 No. of Segments - - 15 2 - - 17

Conservation Significance Rating 2: Eucalyptus porosa occurs on mallee soils from shallow and stony to deep and sandy, associated with limestone, receiving less than 300mm average rainfall. Eucalyptus oleosa is widespread across the survey area and is found on grey and brown mallee soils which usually contain limestone as rubble or sheet rock, mostly in semi arid areas receiving about 300mm average rainfall. The composition and frequency of understorey species is mostly depleted due to prolonged grazing by stock and rabbits.

Emergent species recorded include Callitris preissii, Eucalyptus sp., *Schinus areira and *Lycium ferocissimum.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Acacia ligulata, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Senna artemisioides ssp. petiolaris, Santalum acuminatum, Atriplex stipitata, Nitraria billardierei, Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Schinus areira, *Lycium ferocissimum, *Brassica sp., *Echium plantagineum, *Salvia verbenaca form, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 5, 14, 17, 18 7 20.

18. Eucalyptus porosa Mallee Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - 4.68 - - - 4.68 No. of Segments - - 22 - - - 22

Emergent species recorded include Callitris preissii, Eucalyptus sp. and *Lycium ferocissimum.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Acacia oswaldii, Ac. nyssophylla, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia, Geijera linearifolia, Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta, Austrostipa blackii, Austrostipa nodosa, Austrostipa sp. and Austrodanthonia sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Lycium ferocissimum, *Brassica sp., *Marrubium vulgare, *Salvia verbenaca form, *Compositae sp., *Carrichtera annua, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 2, 5, 6, 16-18, 20, 22 & 28.

19. Eucalyptus socialis Mallee Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - 1.18 13.89 3.47 - - 18.54 No. of Segments - 2 48 16 - - 66

Conservation Significance Rating 2: Eucalyptus socialis occurs on sands to heavy loams usually calcareous soils containing limestone rubble or rock, and is commonly associated with a number of other mallee species. The composition and frequency of understorey species is mostly depleted due to prolonged grazing by stock and rabbits and agricultural activities.

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus sp., E. incrassata var. incrassata, E. odorata, Myoporum platycarpum, M. insulare, *Schinus areira and Acacia sp.

Native understorey species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Acacia ligulata, Ac. oswaldii, Ac. hakeoides, Ac. pycnantha, Ac. notabilis, Ac. sclerophylla, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Senna artemisioides nothossp. artemisioides, Senna artemisioides ssp. petiolaris, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Santalum acuminatum, Alyxia buxifolia, Grevillea huegelii, Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Zygophyllum aurantiacum, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta, Austrostipa blackii and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Schinus areira, *Lactuca serriola, *Brassica sp., *Marrubium vulgare, *Echium plantagineum, *Compositae sp., *Salvia verbenaca form, *Carrichtera annua, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Pennisetum villosum, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 2, 6, 14, 16, 17, 20, 27, 29, 30, 32 & 33.

20. Exotic Species Plantation Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - - - 0.99 - 0.99 No. of Segments - - - - 8 - 8

Conservation Significance Rating 5: Areas of road reserve where exotic tree species have planted for windbreaks, privacy, shelter for stock and aesthetics. The dominant species include *Pinus sp., *Olea europaea ssp. europaea, *Tamarix aphylla and *Schinus areira.

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus oleosa.

No native understorey species were recorded in these segments.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Pinus sp., *Olea europaea ssp. europaea, *Tamarix aphylla, *Schinus areira, *Lycium ferocissimum, *Brassica sp., *Marrubium vulgare, *Echium plantagineum, *Compositae sp., *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 16, 27, 28, 32 & 33.

21. Non-endemic Native Species Plantation Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - - - 16.67 - 16.67 No. of Segments - - - - 68 - 68

Conservation Significance Rating 5: These are plantations consisting of non-endemic native species, which have been planted in road reserves in revegetation programs or by adjacent landholders for windbreaks, privacy, shelter for stock and aesthetics. The dominant species include *Eucalyptus sp., *Casuarinaceae sp., *Acacia sp. and *Melaleuca sp.

These native species have been recorded as non -endemic primarily because the surveyors have no information regarding the provenance of the seed used for these plantations.

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus porosa, E. oleosa, E. gracilis, E. socialis, E. calycogona var. calycogona, Callitris preissii, Myoporum platycarpum, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, Acacia ligulata, Ac. hakeoides and *Schinus areira.

Native understorey species recorded include Nitraria billardierei, Rhagodia parabolica, Salsola kali, Maireana appressa, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Vittadinia gracilis, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta, Lomandra multiflora ssp. dura, Austrostipa blackii and Austrostipa nodosa.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Schinus areira, *Bambusa sp., *Brassica sp., *Marrubium vulgare, *Echium plantagineum, *Salvia verbenaca form, *Compositae sp., *Solanum sp., *Asphodelus fistulosus, *Carrichtera annua, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 2-4, 6, 13, 14, 17, 20-22, 25-28, 31 & 33.

22. Acacia ligulata Tall Shrubland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - - 15.56 - - 15.56 No. of Segments - - - 86 - - 86

Conservation Significance Rating 3: Acacia ligulata is widespread throughout the state and occurs as an understorey or co dominant species within a number of different vegetation associations. In this survey a number of segments were recorded with Acacia ligulata as the dominant species, in some segments it is the sole dominant particularly on unstable relict dunes where other species fail to survive. This hardy shrub is useful in low rainfall areas as a shelterbelt species and is suited for use in revegetation and rehabilitation sites particularly in areas of sand drift.

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus porosa, E. oleosa, E. gracilis, E. socialis, E. brachycalyx, E. incrassata var. incrassata, Myoporum platycarpum, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, *Schinus areira, Santalum acuminatum and Eremophila longifolia.

Native understorey species recorded include Cratystylis conocephala, Nitraria billardierei, Atriplex stipitata, Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana appressa, Maireana brevifolia, Salsola kali, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Halosarcia pergranulata ssp. pergranulata, Carpobrotus rossii, Austrostipa blackii, Austrostipa sp. and Austrodanthonia sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Schinus areira, *Brassica sp., *Echium plantagineum, *Scabiosa atropurpurea, *Lactuca serriola, *Solanum nigrum, *Salvia verbenaca form, *Compositae sp., *Heliotropium europaeum, *Asphodelus fistulosus, *Carrichtera annua, *Piptatherum miliaceum, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 7, 9-15, 17, 18, 21-23, 27-30, 32 & 33.

23. Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Tall Shrubland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - 0.82 3.19 - - - 4.01 No. of Segments - 2 18 - - - 20

Conservation Significance Rating 1: Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens is a very widespread species of the arid and semi-arid zones spanning the full width of SA south of latitude 28oS and far into adjoining States on sites ranging from calcareous mallee soils to deep sand dunes and shallow soils on rocky hills. In the Yorke Peninsula Botanical Region Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens has a Conservation Rating of T (Threatened).

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, Casuarina pauper and Myoporum platycarpum.

Native understorey species recorded include Nitraria billardierei, Atriplex stipitata, Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia, Salsola kali and Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Brassica sp., *Echium plantagineum, *Compositae sp., *Carrichtera annua, *Piptatherum miliaceum, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 7, 9-13, 22 & 30.

24. Eremophila longifolia Tall Shrubland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - - 1.32 - - 1.32 No. of Segments - - - 8 - - 8

Conservation Significance Rating 3: Eremophila longifolia occurs in arid areas on shallow rocky mallee soils containing lime. On harsher sites the space between individuals increases while the size of individual plants decreases. Eremophila longifolia can form pure stands, share the dominance with other species, or appear in variable frequency from rare to common in the understorey of mallee, low open woodland and open woodland formations. In the Yorke Peninsula Botanical Region Eremophila longifolia has a Conservation Rating of K (Uncertain; either threatened or rare).

Emergent species recorded include *Schinus areira.

Understorey species recorded include Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Austrostipa eremophila and Austrodanthonia linkii var. fulva.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Schinus areira, *Brassica sp., *Echium plantagineum, *Lactuca serriola, *Salvia verbenaca form, *Compositae sp., *Carrichtera annua and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 4, 17, 25, 30 & 33.

25. Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata Tall Shrubland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - - 1.47 - - 1.47 No. of Segments - - - 12 - - 12

Conservation Significance Rating 3: Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata occurs widely on calcareous soils directly overlying limestone that are often shallow and patchy with rocky outcrops. It is generally recorded as a medium-sized shrub to small tree in the understorey of mallee communities.

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, Casuarina pauper, Exocarpos aphyllus and *Prunus sp.

Native understorey species recorded include Atriplex stipitata, Rhagodia parabolica, Nitraria billardierei, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa and Carpobrotus rossii.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Prunus sp., *Compositae sp., *Carrichtera annua and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 10, 11, 16, 21 & 22.

100

26. Acacia hakeoides Shrubland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - - 4.68 - - 4.68 No. of Segments - - - 20 - - 20

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus porosa, E. oleosa, Callitris preissii, Myoporum platycarpum, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, *Schinus areira and Scaevola spinescens.

Native understorey species recorded include Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Schinus areira, *Brassica sp., *Lactuca serriola, *Asphodelus fistulosus, *Carrichtera annua, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 14, 15, 17, 22 & 30.

101

102

27. Acacia hakeoides / Melaleuca lanceolata / Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia Shrubland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - - 0.72 - - 0.72 No. of Segments - - - 2 - - 2

Conservation Significance Rating 3: Acacia hakeoides is common in the region, mainly in open mallee, associated with Eucalyptus socialis and E. gracilis on mainly brown calcareous earths. If the roots are disturbed it suckers freely and forms dense thickets which can be difficult to clear. Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata occurs widely on calcareous soils, directly overlying limestone, that are often shallow and patchy with rocky outcrops. It is generally recorded as a medium-sized shrub to small tree in the understorey of mallee communities. Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia is a successful pioneer and occurs in arid to semi-arid regions on shallow hill soils and on the lower slopes of ‘run on’ drainage in hilly areas. It also occurs along established drainage lines, temporary swamps, or basins located in or traverse drier areas.

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus porosa and Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa.

Native understorey species recorded include Rhagodia parabolica, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa and Dianella revoluta var. revoluta.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Salvia verbenaca form, *Compositae sp., *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 16.

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28. Acacia oswaldii / Senna artemisioides ssp. petiolaris Shrubland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - - 0.65 - - 0.65 No. of Segments - - - 5 - - 5

Conservation Significance Rating 3: Acacia oswaldii is widely scattered in the semi-arid and arid regions of SA in open woodland, mallee and tall shrubland associations, on mainly calcareous loamy or sandy earths, with annual rainfall 150-500mm. Stock browse the plants to give them an umbrella shape, seed pods are also eaten. Senna artemisioides ssp. petiolaris is a successful pioneer and occurs in arid to semi-arid regions on shallow hill soils and on the lower slopes of ‘run on’ drainage in hilly areas. It also occurs along established drainage lines, temporary swamps, or basins located in or traverse drier areas.

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis and Acacia victoriae ssp. victoriae.

Native understorey species recorded include Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa and Austrostipa blackii.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are*Brassica sp., *Echium plantagineum, *Salvia verbenaca form, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 3, 17 & 30.

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29. Geijera linearifolia / Acacia nyssophylla Shrubland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - - 1.27 - - 1.27 No. of Segments - - - 4 - - 4

Conservation Significance Rating 3: Geijera linearifolia has a widespread occurrence mainly in mallee associations on calcareous red clay loams and calcareous sandy soils. Acacia nyssophylla has a scattered occurrence across SA mainly in open mallee and low woodland associations on shallow calcareous or shallow compact loamy and brown calcareous earths receiving annual rainfall of 150-500mm.

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus sp., Myoporum platycarpum and Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa.

Native understorey species recorded include Atriplex stipitata, Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia, Zygophyllum aurantiacum, Scaevola spinescens and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are*Carrichtera annua, *Piptatherum miliaceum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 21 & 22.

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30. Geijera linearifolia / Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea Shrubland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - - 0.21 - - 0.21 No. of Segments - - - 2 - - 2

Conservation Significance Rating 3: Geijera linearifolia has a widespread occurrence mainly in mallee associations on calcareous red clay loams and calcareous sandy soils. Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea is a successful pioneer and occurs in arid to semi-arid regions on shallow hill soils and on the lower slopes of ‘run on’ drainage in hilly areas. It also occurs along established drainage lines, temporary swamps, or basins located in or traverse drier areas.

Native understorey species recorded include Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia and Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are*Compositae sp., *Carrichtera annua and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 22.

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31. Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea Shrubland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - - 6.17 - - 6.17 No. of Segments - - - 31 - - 31

Conservation Significance Rating 3: Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea is a successful pioneer and occurs in arid to semi-arid regions on shallow hill soils and on the lower slopes of ‘run on’ drainage in hilly areas. It also occurs along established drainage lines, temporary swamps, or basins located in or traverse drier areas.

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus brachycalyx, E. gracilis, E. socialis, E. porosa, Myoporum platycarpum, *Schinus areira, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Acacia ligulata, Santalum acuminatum, Amyema miquelii and Lomandra effusa.

Native understorey species recorded include Nitraria billardierei, Atriplex stipitata, Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are*Schinus areira, *Brassica sp., *Echium plantagineum, *Lactuca serriola, *Compositae sp., *Carrichtera annua, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 2, 12-14, 17, 22, 23, 25, 27, 29 & 30.

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32. Senna artemisioides nothossp. filifolia Shrubland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - - 2.07 - - 2.07 No. of Segments - - - 14 - - 14

Conservation Significance Rating 3: Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia is a successful pioneer and occurs in arid to semi-arid regions on shallow hill soils and on the lower slopes of ‘run on’ drainage in hilly areas. It also occurs along established drainage lines, temporary swamps, or basins located in or traverse drier areas.

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus brachycalyx, E. oleosa, E. socialis, E. incrassata var. incrassata and Acacia ligulata.

Native understorey species recorded include Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia and Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Brassica sp., *Echium plantagineum, *Lactuca serriola, *Compositae sp., *Carrichtera annua, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 2, 13, 14, 22, 26 & 27.

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33. Senna artemisioides ssp. petiolaris Shrubland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - - 0.43 - - 0.43 No. of Segments - - - 3 - - 3

Conservation Significance Rating 3: Senna artemisioides ssp. petiolaris is a successful pioneer and occurs in arid to semi-arid regions on shallow hill soils and on the lower slopes of ‘run on’ drainage in hilly areas. It also occurs along established drainage lines, temporary swamps, or basins located in or traverse drier areas.

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus porosa and Eremophila longifolia.

Native understorey species recorded include Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana brevifolia, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Lomandra effusa and Austrostipa blackii.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are*Brassica sp., *Compositae sp., *Salvia verbenaca form, *Carrichtera annua and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 17 & 23.

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34. Santalum acuminatum Shrubland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - - 0.08 - - 0.08 No. of Segments - - - 1 - - 1

Conservation Significance Rating 2: Santalum acuminatum is a widespread inland species occurring as scattered individuals or in small groups containing numerous plants on sandy loams, gravelly ridges and clays in woodland and mallee communities. It is parasitic on the roots of other plants during its early life.

No native understorey species were recorded.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are*Brassica sp. and *Avena barbata.

This segment was recorded on RO 27.

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35. Nitraria billardierei Shrubland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - 0.86 10.15 - - 11.01 No. of Segments - - 3 25 - - 28

Conservation Significance Rating 3: Nitraria billardierei occurs on loam and clay soils as the dominant shrub on severely over-grazed land where other perennial shrubs have been removed and is extremely drought resistant. Emus and other birds disperse seeds. Although larger bushes harbour rabbits and out compete more desirable species, the plant may be useful in trapping drifting soil.

Emergent species recorded include Allocasuarina verticillata, Eucalyptus sp., E. brachycalyx, E. gracilis, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa, *Schinus areira, Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea, Templetonia egena, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Acacia ligulata and *Lycium ferocissimum.

Native understorey species recorded include Atriplex stipitata, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Halosarcia sp., Austrostipa nodosa and Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are*Schinus areira, *Lycium ferocissimum, *Brassica sp., *Lactuca serriola, *Marrubium vulgare, *Salvia verbenaca form, *Compositae sp., *Heliotropium europaeum, *Asphodelus fistulosus, *Carrichtera annua, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Cynodon dactylon and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 1, 4, 7, 8, 10-12, 21 & 31.

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36. Atriplex stipitata / Lawrencia squamata Low Shrubland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - 0.82 1.41 1.46 - - 3.69 No. of Segments - 1 1 4 - - 6

Conservation Significance Rating 3: Atriplex stipitata has a widespread occurrence as scattered plants, dense patches occurring in favorable years, in the region on alluvial plains, rocky hills and ridges, and sand plains in a variety of vegetation types on coarse textured soils. Lawrencia squamata occurs on flats with calcareous loam or clay loam soils, usually gilgaid, in dense local stands throughout mallee regions.

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Acacia ligulata, Nitraria billardierei and Austrostipa sp.

No native understorey species were recorded.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Compositae sp., *Asphodelus fistulosus, *Carrichtera annua, *Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 7 & 8.

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37. Atriplex stipitata / Halosarcia sp. Low Chenopod Shrubland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) 11.66 2.19 0.94 0.45 - - 15.24 No. of Segments 17 10 2 1 - - 30

Conservation Significance Rating 3: Atriplex stipitata has a widespread occurrence as scattered plants, dense patches occurring in favorable years, in the region on alluvial plains, rocky hills and ridges, and sand plains in a variety of vegetation types on coarse textured soils. Halosarcia sp. occurs on saline flats and on the edges of shallow brackish swamps on soils varying from sandy duplex soil to heavy clays and brown gibber soils.

Emergent species recorded include Acacia ligulata, Dodonaea viscosa and Geijera linearifolia.

Native understorey species recorded include Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Compositae sp., *Asphodelus fistulosus, *Carrichtera annua and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 7, 8 & 21.

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38. Halosarcia sp. Low Shrubland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) 7.63 0.15 0.27 - - - 8.05 No. of Segments 16 1 1 - - - 18

Conservation Significance Rating 1: Halosarcia sp. occurs on saline flats and on the edges of shallow brackish swamps on soils varying from sandy duplex soil to heavy clays and brown gibber soils. These shrublands are quite often heavily disturbed through rubbish dumping, earthworks, grazing and clearing.

Emergent species recorded include Casuarina pauper, Eucalyptus gracilis, Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Geijera linearifolia, Templetonia egena, Acacia ligulata, *Lycium ferocissimum, Nitraria billardierei and Austrostipa sp.

Native understorey species recorded include Carpobrotus rossii.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are*Lycium ferocissimum, *Lactuca serriola, *Compositae sp., *Foeniculum vulgare, *Asphodelus fistulosus, *Carrichtera annua and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 7 & 8.

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39. Maireana aphylla Low Open Chenopod Shrubland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - 2.66 - - - 2.66 No. of Segments - - 4 - - - 4

Conservation Significance Rating 1: Maireana aphylla is usually found in clay soils that are seasonally waterlogged, and seem to favor growing over fences for support. In these situations it is imperative that they are protected from adjoining landowners when clearing fence lines to erect new fences. In the Yorke Peninsula Botanical Region Maireana aphylla has a Conservation Rating of K (Uncertain) in the Yorke Peninsula Botanical Region, and V (Vulnerable) in the Northern Lofty Botanical Region.

Emergent species recorded include *Lycium ferocissimum and *Nicotiana glauca.

Native understorey species recorded include Austrostipa sp.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are*Lycium ferocissimum, *Nicotiana glauca, *Salvia verbenaca form, *Compositae sp., *Echium plantagineum, *Asphodelus fistulosus, *Carrichtera annua, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 1 & 3.

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40. Maireana brevifolia Low Open Chenopod Shrubland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - - 2.3 - - 2.3 No. of Segments - - - 5 - - 5

Conservation Significance Rating 3: Maireana brevifolia is widely distributed throughout the region on a wide range of soils, often saline, in many vegetation communities, often in dense stands. It is also drought resistant but can be reduced to having green leaves only at the tops of the stems.

Emergent species recorded include*Lycium ferocissimum.

Native understorey species recorded include Austrostipa blackii.

These segments were recorded on RO 3 & 30.

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41. Mixed Native Species / Exotic Species Grassland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - 0.12 33.41 20.88 - - 54.41 No. of Segments - 1 44 55 - - 100

Conservation Significance Rating 2: These areas have been cleared of most native vegetation and now the dominant population is native and exotic grasses. The dominant species include Austrostipa sp., Austrodanthonia sp., Chloris truncata, Whalleya proluta, Enneapogon nigricans, *Gramineae sp., *Piptatherum miliaceum, *Phalaris sp., *Cynodon dactylon, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata. Weed control should target specific exotic plants to allow the native emergent trees, shrubs and ground covers to continue regeneration and colonisation of these cleared areas.

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus porosa, E. gracilis, E. socialis, Callitris preissii, Myoporum platycarpum, Acacia ligulata, Ac. notabilis, Ac. victoriae ssp. victoriae, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Eremophila longifolia, *Lycium ferocissimum, Nitraria billardierei, Maireana appressa, Maireana aphylla, Maireana brevifolia, Scaevola spinescens, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Pomaderris paniculosa ssp. paniculosa, and Vittadinia gracilis.

No native understorey species were recorded.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Lycium ferocissimum, *Salvia verbenaca form, *Brassica sp., *Marrubium vulgare, *Compositae sp., *Echium plantagineum, *Dittrichia graveolens, *Cucumis myriocarpus, *Carrichtera annua, *Solanum sp., *Gramineae sp., *Piptatherum miliaceum, *Phalaris sp., *Cynodon dactylon, *Triticum aestivum and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 1-4, 7, 10, 13, 14, 17, 22, 23, 25, 27-30, 32 & 33.

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42. Austrostipa sp. Grassland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - 0.1 - - - 0.1 No. of Segments - - 1 - - - 1

Conservation Significance Rating 2: These areas have been cleared of most native shrubs and trees. Often these associations are located on hillsides and narrow banks, which have been made inaccessible to machinery by road construction and the erection of fences. In some instances these road reserves can be very wide and need protection from further disturbance with fencing and RMS marking being the most effective means. The dominant native species recorded is Austrostipa sp.

Emergent species recorded include Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata, Atriplex stipitata and Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa.

No understorey species were recorded.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are*Carrichtera annua and *Asphodelus fistulosus.

This segment was recorded on RO 7.

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43. Exotic Species Grassland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - - - 126.05 - 126.05 No. of Segments - - - - 483 - 483

Conservation Significance Rating 5: These areas have been cleared of most native vegetation and now the dominant population is exotic grasses (either pasture or cropping species). Adjacent landholders are cropping a number of these Segments commercially. The dominant species include *Piptatherum miliaceum, *Cynodon dactylon, *Triticum aestivum, *Phalaris sp. and *Avena barbata.

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus sp., E. porosa, E. gracilis, E. oleosa, Myoporum platycarpum, Acacia oswaldii, Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens, Eremophila longifolia, Bursaria spinosa, Santalum acuminatum, *Schinus areira, Nitraria billardierei, Rhagodia parabolica, Maireana aphylla, Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa, Dianella revoluta var. revoluta and Austrostipa sp.

No native understorey species were recorded.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Schinus areira, *Salvia verbenaca form, *Brassica sp., *Compositae sp., *Echium plantagineum, *Carrichtera annua, *Piptatherum miliaceum, *Cynodon dactylon, *Triticum aestivum, *Phalaris sp. and *Avena barbata.

These segments were recorded on RO 1-17, 20-33.

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44. Exotic Species Herbland Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - - - 7.55 - 7.55 No. of Segments - - - - 26 - 26

Conservation Significance Rating 5: These areas have been cleared of most native vegetation and now the dominant population is exotic herbs. The dominant species include *Echium plantagineum, *Lactuca serriola, *Salvia verbenaca form, *Scabiosa atropurpurea, *Compositae sp., *Marrubium vulgare, *Heliotropium europaeum, *Carrichtera annua and *Brassica sp.

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus brachycalyx, E. gracilis, E. oleosa, Acacia ligulata, *Nicotiana glauca, *Schinus areira, Nitraria billardierei, Rhagodia parabolica and Maireana brevifolia.

No native understorey species were recorded.

The exotic or proclaimed weed species recorded in this association are *Nicotiana glauca, *Schinus areira, *Salvia verbenaca form, *Brassica sp., *Marrubium vulgare, *Compositae sp., *Echium plantagineum, *Lactuca serriola, *Scabiosa atropurpurea, *Carrichtera annua, *Piptatherum miliaceum and *Avena barbata.

This segment was recorded on RO 4, 6, 14, 18, 21, 28, 29, 32 & 33.

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45. Bare Ground Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - - - - 6.27 6.27 No. of Segments - - - - - 27 27

Conservation Significance Rating 9: Comprising areas of road reserve where the vegetation cover has been completely removed, usually resulting in the scalding of the upper soil layers, which reveals the lower infertile soils. Often associated with borrow pits and cuttings left bare after work has been completed and no site rehabilitation has been undertaken. However in some segments landowners have cleared the road reserve vegetation using mechanical or chemical means to create firebreaks, creating this association.

Emergent species recorded include Eucalyptus gracilis and E. oleosa.

No understorey species, exotic or proclaimed weed species were recorded.

These segments were recorded on RO 2, 8, 9, 13, 14, 17, 18, 22, 23 & 30.

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46. Built Up Overall Significance A B C D E Z Total Category Length (km) - - - - - 2.24 2.24 No. of Segments - - - - - 10 10

Conservation Significance Rating 9: These segments include roadsides found within township/built up areas or where property frontages occur in road reserves and the overstorey and understorey have been cleared or extensively modified.

No understorey species, exotic or proclaimed weed species were recorded.

These segments were recorded on RO 9, 22, 23, 30 & 33.

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Guidelines for Management of Overall Significant Category Segments A-E

Each of the following Overall Significant Categories has different management implications. District Council of Barunga West should move to immediately protect road reserves, which contain Segments with the highest Overall Significant Categories (e.g. A-C). Protection should include the implementation of RSSD/RMS sites in road reserves with added protective measures, which could include fencing to keep out unauthorised vehicles and grazing stock. Overall Significant Categories can also be interpreted simply by substituting A-E for 1-5.

Table 14: Condition Categories and Management Implications of each Category Category Management Implications Excellent indigenous vegetation requires vigilance for weed invasion and possibly a 1 low level weeding program. Good quality indigenous vegetation that requires active management to maintain 2 integrity. Moderate quality indigenous vegetation that requires active management to arrest 3 further decline. Poor quality, containing little indigenous vegetation; depending on native species 4 present, may require intensive management to prevent complete invasion by alien species; extensive revegetation required to restore. 5 Very little indigenous vegetation; extensive revegetation required to restore.

‘Guide to Roadside Vegetation Survey Methodology for South Australia’, (Stokes et al 1998).

Table 15: The Overview Condition Percentages for Roads Surveyed Excellent (1): 2.89% Good (2): 1.21% Moderate (3): 8.25% Poor (4): 42.67% Extensively degraded (5): 43.35% Not Relevant (9) 8.51%

(Refer Map: “OVERVIEW CONDITION”)

Due to the low remnancy figures for the region segments with Overview Condition of Excellent and Good (A-B) becomes even more important. These important segments of relatively intact remnant vegetation need urgent protection through appropriate weed control and protective management. It is therefore recommended that these sites are included in Bush For Life/RSSD Sites (Refer Appendix N: “Potential Site Locations” and Map: “POTENTIAL SITES”. Note: data output was used to select these sites) with work programs focusing on the control of the exotic weed species present in adjoining segments and properties. This work is needed to prevent the further spread of weeds into the reserve and link segments of good indigenous vegetation.

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Overall Significance Category A

Category A vegetation Segments are those without weed invasion, clearing or other disturbance. These Segments are possibly representative of vegetation prior to European settlement, which can be used as a template for revegetation projects (ideas on replication of all layers in an association) and as a seed bank for these projects. This type of remnant vegetation association can be best managed by avoiding unnecessary disturbance. Fencing off Category A road reserves, changing or adopting different maintenance practices and where possible locating or redirecting new services and recreational uses around these Segments can achieve this. Weed control programs (i.e. minimal disturbance-low impact, Bush For Life programs) and buffer plantings should be used to remove and control weed populations to encourage natural regeneration by appropriate native species particularly along road verges, and should focus on linking segments of good vegetation in adjoining segments (Category B-C) through restoration.

Threats to the long-term management of road reserve native vegetation found in Category A Segments are:

• Uncontrolled Motor bikes and 4wd use; • Invasion by exotic and non-indigenous plants species from adjoining properties and road reserve Segments. • Unauthorised clearance and off target damage by weed spraying programs on adjoining properties. • Unauthorised removal of soil, rocks, living or dead plant material.

Refer to Appendix B for a complete list of all Associations in Category A.

Overall Significance Category B-C

These segments can be best managed by avoiding unnecessary disturbance in the road reserve. Changing or adopting different maintenance practices, which reduce impacts on native plants and where possible locating or redirecting new services around Category B-C Segments can achieve this. Weed control programs (i.e. minimal disturbance-low impact, Bush For Life programs) and buffer planting can be used to remove and control weed populations to encourage natural regeneration by appropriate native species particularly along road verges, and should focus on linking segments of good vegetation in adjoining segments (Category D-E) through restoration.

Threats to the long-term management of remnant roadside native vegetation found in Category B-C Segments are:

• Uncontrolled Motor bikes and 4wd use; • Inappropriate planting undertaken in native grasslands; • Slashing in the wrong season which reduces the opportunities for seed dispersal; • Controlled burning. Where a fire regime is too hot, or at the wrong time, or the Segment has been burnt too often there is the opportunity for exotic weed invasion. This combined with inappropriate management methods allow for further degradation of good remnant native vegetation.

Refer to Appendix C and D for a complete list of all Associations in Category B-C.

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Overall Significance Category D-E

These Segments are ideal for use as revegetation projects, stockpile areas, parking bays and fire refugee areas (important in District Council of Barunga West to provide protection for motorists and CFS personnel in the event of a wildfire).

Short-term management programs should focus on the best methods to control and reduce areas of weeds while maintaining and improving the survival chances for any remnant indigenous species within the segment. Revegetation projects should identify and utilise any local indigenous species, which would be suitable for a particular Segment. Selection criteria for suitable species include using aggressive growing species for disturbed areas such as road verges and creek lines. Most native grass and sedge species are suitable for this and have the added benefit of low fire risk and soil erosion control qualities.

Refer to Appendix E and F for a complete list of all Associations in Category D-E.

Guidelines for Management of Road Reserves

A number of threats to the ongoing viability of remnant indigenous vegetation were observed during the Drive-By Survey. These are:

• Adjoining land use. Intensive agriculture leads to a number of issues including vegetation losses and soil erosion (Refer Plates 3 &4: Page 149) on roadsides due to spray drift damage, slashing, soil tillage, firebreaks and other inappropriate and unauthorised clearance.

• The movement of tractors and machinery (particularly stone rollers), motor bikes and 4 wheel drives needs to be monitored, and the access tracks closed and revegetated if possible. This will assist in reducing areas of soil compaction, erosion and other land degradation processes.

• Pest plant control: Off target damage to indigenous plants due to wrong identification of species, spray drip from targeted plants and inappropriate control methods used by weed contractors. Added to this is often the increased fire hazard created by the dead plant material (i.e. boxthorn) left in the road reserve after spraying. This method of control is also expensive and short term because it creates ideal conditions for further weed invasion, and if the plant has not been killed it has to be treated again (Refer Plate 11: Page 157).

• Inappropriate clearance for fire control. In some cases firebreaks are cleared on property boundaries inside the road reserve boundary. Some of these fuel reduction programs can lead to an increased fuel load due to invasion by exotic grasses such as wild oats, wild wheat, rice millet and phalaris. Farm firebreaks should be created on private property and not on road reserves (breach of Native Vegetation Act).

• Fuel Hazard Reduction Programs in road reserves are needed to reduce the risk of fuel load build-up creating a hazard to adjoining properties. Risk assessment programs are needed to determine the level of fuel in these plantations and identify means of reducing the fuel load (i.e. chemical control, slashing, controlled burn etc). If a Fuel Reduction Program is implemented using controlled burn off then there will be a need to include monitoring for the occurrence of weed invasion, and to promote the regeneration of indigenous plants preferably sedges, grasses, orchids and herbs.

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• Clearance for sight lines at intersections. A risk assessment program for sight line management at intersections is urgently required. This assessment should categorise the risk level of intersections taking into account terrain, sight line distance, traffic levels, type of use (grain carrying etc) and speed limits. Where vegetation is to be cleared there will need to be a management plan developed which includes documentation of trees removed, remediation plans, types of signage installed and vegetation control methods. It is strongly recommended that the removal of vegetation does not include plants with a mature height of less than 300mm and that all control work includes poisoning all stumps after cutting so the follow-up work is for regeneration not control of regrowth on cut stumps.

• Inappropriate maintenance and management practices including clearance for construction of new fences (Refer Plates 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10: Pages 147, 151 & 155), ring barking of native trees (using live trees as fence posts) lopping of native trees for firewood (Refer Plates 7 & 8: Page 153), pest plant control and plantations.

• Alignment of fence lines: some fences have been re-aligned by land holders to suit their needs, not necessarily following original survey marks. A survey of fence lines needs to be conducted to return land to the community. Any re-alignment needed could be done when the fence needs replacing.

• It is recommended that District Council of Barunga West review Segments that are adjacent to large areas of remnant indigenous vegetation particularly in regard to fence construction and vegetation management issues, and approach the adjoining landowner to discuss the options for future management.

Weed control is by far the most important management issue as weeds are present in every road reserve. Reduction of weeds will help reduce the fire fuel load in the summer fire season. As the reserves have a variety of adjacent land uses, contain exotic weeds and varying types of remnant vegetation and some cases either made or unmade vehicle access, management programs will be site specific. Factors, which can influence a management plan, include:

• Road reserves where the indigenous understorey vegetation has been cleared. Revegetation programs are recommended for these road reserves especially those that could be utilized as Strategic Wildlife Corridors.

• Where some remnant overstorey vegetation remains but the understorey consists of mainly exotic grasses and herbs. These road reserves could be rehabilitated if a reasonable percentage of understorey remains, or if indigenous species with a Conservation Rating (Rare, Endangered etc.) are present or if the road reserve could be used as a Strategic Wildlife Corridor.

Four point one percent (4.1%) of the road reserves surveyed had an Overview Condition of Excellent (2.89%) or Good (1.21%) (Refer Map: “OVERVIEW CONDITION”). These important Segments of intact remnant vegetation need urgent protection through appropriate weed control. It is therefore recommended that these sites become Bush For Life/RMS Sites (Refer Appendix N: “Potential Site Locations” and Map: “PROPOSED POTENTIAL SITES”) with work programs (i.e. Bush For Life etc) focusing on the control of proclaimed, environmental and other exotic weed species present in adjoining Segments and properties. This work is needed to prevent the further spread of weeds into the road reserve and link Segments of good indigenous vegetation. Fencing and bollards may also be needed to limit impacts by vehicles (council and contractor plant, 4wd vehicles and motor bikes etc).

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Plate 1: Dumped vegetation cuttings (from fenceline clearance) smothering environmentally sensitive Halosarcia sp. on Old Pirie Road.

Plate 2: Bare earth fence line clearance through environmentally sensitive Halosarcia sp. Shrubland on Old Pirie Road.

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Plate 3: Potential sand drift area caused by clearance of adjacent land and roadside on the McDonald/Old Well Road.

Plate 4: Sand drift from cleared adjacent land and roadside encroaching onto the road surface on the McDonald/Old Well Road.

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Plate 5: Bare earth fence line clearance in sandy soil creating a potential wind and water erosion occurrence on the Pine Forest-Bews Road.

Plate 6: Bare earth fence line clearance in sandy soil creating a potential wind and water erosion occurrence on the Pine Forest-Bews Road.

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Plate 7: Trees in the road reserve that have been pollarded for firewood by adjacent landowner on Willamulka Road.

Plate 8: Indicating the diameter of stems being pollarded for firewood on Willamulka Road.

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Plate 9: Soil and vegetation pushed into roadside during clearance for fence construction on Chappel Road.

Plate 10: Bare earth fence line clearance in sandy soil creating a potential wind and water erosion occurrence on Chappel Road.

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Plate 11: Boxthorn that has been sprayed, but not killed and is now re-shooting.

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Weed Control

Weed invasion is the most important threat to the future of remnant indigenous vegetation in road reserves but the successful replacement of exotic species on road reserves with appropriate native species will be determined by a number of different influences. These include: • The control of exotic herbs and grasses. Wild oats (*Avena barbata), wild wheat (*Triticum aestivum), couch grass (*Cynodon dactylon), salvation Jane (*Echium plantagineum), horehound (*Marrubium vulgare) and bridal creeper (*Myrsiphyllum asparagoides) are by far the most aggressive invaders of remnant indigenous vegetation and a program of control is required. • The removal and ongoing control of other weeds such as olive (*Olea europaea ssp. europaea), pine (*Pinus sp.), pepper tree (*Schinus areira), prickly pear (*Opuntia stricta) and African boxthorn (*Lycium ferocissimum) will need to be implemented in some road segments. Some diplomatic negotiating may be necessary when implementing this type of control program as often pines are planted in front of properties in the road reserve. Removal may require negotiation with adjoining property owners but control is needed especially where these pines are regenerating in adjacent bushland. The increased fire risk to property and the general public could also be an issue while this type of plantation exists. • Adopting appropriate methods to ensure successful economic weed control programs. In the past the control of woody weeds (boxthorn and olives in particular) has not been as successful or as economical as it should and could be. Past methods include spraying and cut and swab, both of which have not always been successful (refer Plate 11), or tractor pulling which tends to leave large holes and spreads seeds. The current method of drilling and injecting with herbicide (glyphosate) is proving to be successful. • Plantations and revegetation projects. The use of local provenance seed is important to ensure successful germination and future regeneration. Over time weeds (exotic herbs and grasses) will diminish due to being out-competed for light, moisture and nutrients.

A List of Proclaimed and Environmental weeds detailing Road Order, Segment No. and species present has been developed to assist District Council of Barunga West in mapping weed populations. Refer Appendix M: “Proclaimed Species Locations” and Map: “PRESENCE OF MAJOR WEED SPECIES”.

Revegetation

Road reserves in District Council of Barunga West have been extensively cleared in the past; this study is base line research that may indicate whether this practice is continuing. Revegetation should be considered on road reserves where a conservation or land management benefit could be demonstrated. A District Council of Barunga West revegetation plan for roads would identify priority revegetation sites, and conservation and land management benefits. The selection of indigenous species from local provenance, which complement local populations and associations, is the most important planning criteria in revegetation projects. Planning for other objectives (catchment or soil and landcare) and asset management (weed control etc.) will also influence the design, method and species selection used for each site. Revegetation that has been undertaken in the past falls into two categories:

• Plantation. In the past this type of project often used non-endemic eucalypts (mainly Western Australian or Tasmanian origin), which tend to decline over time in their quality and usefulness. Other species used e.g. pines, olives and pepper trees increase the fire risk to local inhabitants. Where these plantings are viable and freely regenerate they can also cause problems by invading adjoining bushland and out-competing remnant indigenous plants. This threatens the long-term viability of the remnant indigenous vegetation in terms of competition for space and nutrients etc.

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• Direct Seeding Programs: This method has been developed over the past 15 years and has been employed more recently in an effort to rehabilitate cleared areas by planting species from a local provenance. These programs look more aesthetically attractive than plantations but there is a need to follow up with more plantings and direct seeding to ensure ongoing viability, variable age structure and regeneration. The structure of the planting program needs to be considered with a range of strata i.e. overstorey and understorey (shrub layers, grasses and herbs) to be included. Weed control (especially exotic grasses) is also important to allow future regeneration by planted species. This type of program is very useful in farmland but can also be adapted to include those road reserves, which are largely devoid of indigenous vegetation due to clearance and are now invaded by exotic plants in Category D-E segments. Care should be taken when planning direct seeding projects not to disturb indigenous grasslands.

Future revegetation work should focus on the use of species local to the area and in particular could specifically focus on the regeneration and planting out of species that have a conservation rating. District Council of Barunga West should encourage low cost propagation trails using local staff and facilities combined with local knowledge and expertise to incorporate these plants and others into revegetation programs for District Council of Barunga West plantations, Bush For Life sites and remedial revegetation work (batters and cuttings etc after road work has been completed).

Roadside Significant Sites (RSSD/RMS)

Predominantly located in Category A and B Segments these sites are those most suitable for RSSD (Roadside Significant Site Database) and RMS (Roadside Marker System). The Segments may also be suitable for Bush For Life, or Reference Sites with further intensive survey work. RMS sites can also include Significant Tree/s (under the Development Act 2000 where applicable), Rare Flora, Wetlands and Conservation Reserves.

RSSD / RMS sites listed in Appendix N have been compiled by collating the survey data and selecting sites using the following criteria: • The presence of Conservation Rated Plants, • The presence of Conservation Rated Vegetation Associations and, • Condition Class Category A-B (1-2) vegetation.

Refer Appendix N: “Potential Site Locations” and Map: “PROPOSED POTENTIAL SITES”.

Bush For Life

It is important for management to implement a program of Bush For Life in selected Segments of the road reserve found in Category B-C. Designate these Segments as Bush For Life sites and assist Bush For Life members were possible by involving other forms of volunteer services (ATCV, Landcare groups etc) or employing contractors to assist in clearing large areas of weeds and rubbish. The main management aim for these Segments is to monitor and maintain the current condition and viability of these areas of road reserve, and over time improve the quality of the vegetation. Other site protection methods including fencing areas of road reserve will be needed to protect sensitive areas from unnecessary vehicle access (motor bikes, 4wd) and grazing (pest animals and stock). The rehabilitation of access tracks will increase total area of and the chances of conserving these important pockets of road reserve indigenous vegetation and Bush For Life is an important practical way of achieving this goal. Refer Appendix N: “Potential Site Locations” and Map: “PROPOSED POTENTIAL SITES”.

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Reference Sites

These are Sites (Condition Class Category A) that have large numbers of indigenous species in all levels of strata and form associations, which best represent pre-European development. Often these Segments also contain the best populations of rare and endangered species and survey work is needed to record these sites before they are lost to weed invasion and degradation. These Segments are also important for the development of species and association lists, and identifying possible association types for specific localities. The information generated by this work will be useful for revegetation site planning and design. Refer Appendix N: “Potential Site Locations” and Map: “PROPOSED POTENTIAL SITES”.

Rehabilitation Sites

Rehabilitation (REH) Segments are those often found between RMS or Bush For Life Segments, which contain significant populations of indigenous understorey species or plants/ species with a conservation rating and large populations of invasive weed plants i.e. olive, boxthorn, horehound, salvation jane etc needing extensive restoration to enhance the remaining indigenous vegetation. These populations of weeds are often too big for Bush For Life volunteers to undertake removal and instead require a team of professional workers skilled in selective low disturbance weed control. Once the removal program has been undertaken the site can then be handed over to a Bush For Life volunteer to monitor and control regeneration etc. Refer Appendix N: “Potential Site Locations” and Map: “PROPOSED POTENTIAL SITES”.

Flora Associations/Species of Conservation Significance

A number of Noteworthy Native Plant Species were recorded during the survey. These include indigenous plant species, which are listed in the species list with a Conservation Rating (Rare, Endangered etc) e.g. Maireana appressa (V), M. aphylla (V), Eucalyptus odorata (E), Austrostipa nodosa (Q), Cratystylis conocephala (E), Acacia notabilis (V) and Templetonia sulcata (V).

Given the high percentage of exotic species and land degradation, and the low percentage of remnant vegetation in the survey area these Noteworthy Native Plant Species Sites are very important and need to be protected for the future. The only way this can happen is if the necessary management protect actions are implemented immediately. Refer Appendix O: “Flora Associations/Species of Conservation Significance” and Map: “FLORA ASSOCIATIONS/SPECIES OF CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE”.

Presence of Mistletoe

During the drive-by survey it is possible to record the presence of Mistletoe but due to the intensive nature of the work it is also possible to miss recording all mistletoe patches when observing vegetation from the window of a moving vehicle. At present there is no recognized method for recording the level of mistletoe infestation e.g. low, medium or high density. It is recommended that intensive surveys specific to Mistletoe need to be undertaken using the drive- by information to identify those segments where mistletoe has been recorded.

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Coastal and Inland Salt Marsh Management

These saline flats are the habitat for up to eight species of Halosarcia (samphires) seven of which have conservation ratings. Halosarcia flabelliformis (Conservation Rating 3Vc-Aus, V- SA, T-YP) is restricted to these coastal salt marshes with the only protected population found in Port Gawler Conservation Park. It is extremely important that the council acts to protect these saline marshes from landfill, rubbish dumping and unnecessary clearing. This can be achieved through: • Public education; • Survey work and implementation of a management/Recovery Plan as required by the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the; • Adoption/implementation of the RSSD/RMS system.

Grassland Management

These areas have been cleared of most native shrubs and trees. Often these associations are located on hillsides and narrow banks, which have been made inaccessible to machinery by road construction and the erection of fences. In some instances these road reserves can be very wide and need protection from further disturbance with fencing and RMS marking being the most effective means.

These tussock grasslands are becoming degraded through vegetation clearance, grazing and weed invasion and form important habitat for a number of threatened fauna species including Tiliqua adelaidensis (Pygmy Bluetongue Conservation Rating E-Endangered; Aust, SA), Herimosa albovenata albovenata (White-veined Skipper) and Trapezites lutea lutea (White- spot Rush Skipper Conservation Rating R-Rare; SA). Weed control should target specific exotic plants to allow the native emergent trees, shrubs and ground covers to continue regeneration and colonisation of these cleared areas.

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Conclusions

The survey area crosses a number of landforms, soil types and vegetation associations, all of which have site-specific management requirements. A number of the road reserves in the survey area are also located in one or more catchment zones. Management of drainage lines is an important issue in these zones to protect the water resource from long term pollution, siltation, and vegetation degradation e.g. weeds invasion, soil pathogens, and riparian association and individual species decline.

District Council of Barunga West is charged with the care and control of the road reserves. They are also obligated to protect remnant rare/endangered plant populations and associations and to meet obligations for landcare, water catchment, soil and native vegetation management legislation. A variety of management/stakeholder groups have a keen interest in road reserves within the Yorke Peninsula. Councils need to liaise with these management/stakeholder groups to achieve the best possible outcomes for the benefit of the environment and the community therein.

Long-term sustainable management of road reserve vegetation will be determined by a number of influences:

• Size and width of road reserves. • Presence and management of Proclaimed Species, exotic weeds and other garden escapees. • Changes to road alignment, safety design upgrades. • Indigenous species present, method of management used to control weeds, rehabilitation programs and ability of indigenous species to propagate seedlings (presence of pollinators etc). • The activities and/or restrictions of use, which are applied to, road reserves.

Management actions should prioritize remnant indigenous vegetation with a Category A or B Overall Significance Rating and a Category 1 or 2 Conservation Significance Rating. Planning is needed for future management and changes to management strategies to meet all landcare, water catchment, indigenous vegetation, and maintenance schedules. District Council of Barunga West, by implementing a number of strategies will determine the long-term sustainable management of road reserve vegetation. These strategies include:

• All high priority road reserves should have management plans (protect actions) developed and implemented. Protective measures for indigenous vegetation should include the fencing to reduce the impact by trail bike riders and vehicles. • Negotiate with adjoining landowners to implement management strategies to help protect important Segments of road reserves with Category A-C remnant indigenous vegetation. • Encourage adjoining landholders to avoid droving stock (especially sheep) through remnant native vegetation especially where there is also the risk of contributing to an acceleration of soil erosion in sandy soils. • Maintaining the current condition of indigenous vegetation present by implementing weed control and rehabilitation programs. This includes revegetation programs for road reserves to form Strategic Wildlife Corridors. • Assist community interest groups that are working on programs to encourage indigenous species to regenerate under natural conditions. • Promote the management of proclaimed weed species, exotic weeds and garden escapees in road reserves and private property.

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• Immediate implementation of the Roadside Marker System (RMS), Roadside Significant Site Database (RSSD) and Roadside Significant Site Validation and Risk Assessment schemes. Assess for inclusion in the Roadside Significant Sites Database (RSSD/RMS) old and mature single trees (Scattered Tree Clearance Assessment) and Category A-C indigenous vegetation associations.

District Council of Barunga West has a large number of road reserves within the council area, which contain a wide selection of important indigenous plants and vegetation associations. It is important these valuable plants and associations are protected for the future and the only way that this can happen is if the necessary management protection actions (e.g. Roadside Significant Site Database, Roadside Marker System, Roadside Significant Site Validation and Risk Assessment) are implemented immediately.

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Bibliography

Boomsma, C.D., and Lewis, N.B., The Native Forest and Woodland Vegetation of South Australia-Bulletin 25, D. J. Woolman, Government Printer, Sth. Aust.

Cunningham, G.M., Mulham, W.E., Milthorpe, P.L. and Leigh, J.H., (1990), Plants of Western New South Wales, Inkata Press, Sydney.

Davies, R. J. P., (1982), The Conservation of Major Plant Associations in South Australia, Conservation Council of South Australia, Adelaide.

DEH (2001), Provisional List of Threatened Ecosystems of South Australia, unpublished and provisional list.

Dept. Environment and Planning, (1987), Remaining Vegetation in the Agricultural Regions of South Australia, Indigenous Vegetation Mapping Branch, Conservation Programs Division, South Australian Department of Environment and Planning,

Environmental Operations Unit, (2000), Matters of National Environmental Significance (Commonwealth Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999), Transport SA.

Gibbs, J. and Gibbs, R, (2001), Grass Identification Manual – for everyone, Native Grass Resources Group Inc., Adelaide SA.

Graham, A., Oppermann, A., and Inns, R, W. (2001), Biodiversity Plan for the Northern Agricultural Districts, Department for Environment and Heritage, South Australia.

Jessop, J.P. and Toelken, H. R. ed. (1986), Flora of South Australia Part 1-4, South Australian Government Printing Division, Adelaide.

Lang, P. and Kraehenbuehl, D. (1997), Conservation Status of Vascular Plants - Update Listing September 1997. Biological Conservation Branch, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, South Australia.

Neagle, N. (1995), An Update of the Conservation Status of the Major Plant Associations of South Australia, DENR, Sth. Aust.

Neagle, N. (2002), Remnant vegetation data within Hundred boundaries for South Australia, as calculated December 2002, DEH, Unpublished.

Nicolle, D., (1997), Eucalypts of South Australia, Lane Print Group, Sth. Aust.

Specht, R.L. (1972), The Vegetation of South Australia, Government Printer, Adelaide.

Stokes, A. et al (1998), Guide to Roadside Vegetation Survey Methodology for South Australia, GAR Unit, Information and Data Analysis Branch, Planning SA, Environmental Unit, Transport SA and DEHAA.

Whibley, D.J.E. (1992), Acacias of South Australia 2nd ed., The Flora and Fauna Handbooks Committee, Sth. Aust.

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Appendix A: Plant List and Conservation Ratings for the Yorke Peninsula and Northern Lofty Botanical Regions Species recorded during the Drive-By Survey for District Council of Barunga West and used in data sheets (* identifies Exotic or weed species)

Conservation Rating Family/Genus/Species Common Name AUS SA YP NL AGAVACEAE *Agave americana var. americana Century Plant

AIZOACEAE Carpobrotus rossii Native Pigface *Galenia pubescens var. pubescens Coastal Galenia *Mesembryanthemum cyrstallinum Common Iceplant

ANACARDIACEAE *Schinus areira Pepper-tree

APOCYNACEAE Alyxia buxifolia Sea Box

BORAGINACEAE *Echium plantagineum Salvation Jane *Heliotropium europaeum Common Heliotrope

CACTACEAE *Opuntia stricta var. stricta Erect Prickly Pear

CASUARINACEAE Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping Sheoak Casuarina pauper Black Oak Casuarinaceae sp. Plantation Species

CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex stipitata Bitter Saltbush Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Ruby Saltbush Halosarcia pergranulata ssp. pergranulata Black-seed Samphire N Q Maireana aphylla Cotton-bush K V Maireana appressa Pale-fruit bluebush V Maireana brevifolia Short-leaf Bluebush Rhagodia parabolica Mealy Saltbush Rhagodia preissii ssp. preissii Mallee Saltbush Salsola kali Buckbush

COMPOSITAE *Compositae sp. Daisy Family Cratystylis conocephala Bluebush Daisy E *Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce Vittadinia gracilis Woolly New Holland Daisy

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Conservation Rating Family/Genus/Species Common Name AUS SA YP NL CRUCIFERAE *Brassica sp. *Carrichtera annua Ward's Weed

CUCURBITACEAE *Cucumis myriocarpus Paddy Melon

CUPRESSACEAE Callitris preissii Southern Cypress Pine Callitris sp. Plantation Species Callitris verrucosa Mallee Cypress Pine

DIPSACACEAE *Scabiosa atropurpurea Pincushion

EUPHORBIACEAE Beyeria lechenaultii Pale Turpentine Bush

GOODENIACEAE Scaevola spinescens Spiny Fanflower

GRAMINEAE Austrodanthonia (Danthonia) linkii var. fulva Leafy Wallaby-grass Austrodanthonia (Stipa) sp. Wallaby-grass Austrostipa (Stipa) blackii Crested Spear-grass Austrostipa (Stipa) elegantissima Feather Spear-grass Austrostipa (Stipa) eremophila Rusty Spear-grass Austrostipa (Stipa) nodosa Tall Spear-grass Austrostipa (Stipa) sp. Spear-grass *Avena barbata Bearded Oat Chloris truncata Windmill Grass *Cynodon dactylon Couch Enneapogon nigricans Black-head Grass R Enneapogon sp. Bottle Washers *Gramineae sp. Grass Family Whalleya (Homopholis) proluta Rigid Panic K *Pennisetum villosum Feather-top *Piptatherum miliaceum Rice Millet *Triticum aestivum Wheat

LABIATAE *Marrubium vulgare Horehound *Salvia verbenaca form Wild Sage

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Conservation Rating Family/Genus/Species Common Name AUS SA YP NL LEGUMINOSAE Acacia calamifolia Wallowa Acacia hakeoides Hakea wattle Acacia ligulata Umbrella Bush Acacia microcarpa Manna Wattle Acacia notabilis Notable Wattle V Acacia nyssophylla Spine Bush Acacia oswaldii Umbrella Wattle Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle Acacia sclerophylla Hard-leaf Wattle K Acacia sp. Plantation Species Acacia victoriae ssp. victoriae Elegant Wattle Acacia wilhelmiana Dwarf Nealie *Retama raetam White Weeping Broom Senna artemisioides nothossp. artemisioides Silver Senna Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea Broad-leaf Desert Senna Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia Fine-leaf Desert Senna Senna artemisioides ssp. petiolaris Flat-stalk Senna Templetonia egena Broombush Templetonia T Templetonia sulcata Flat Templetonia V

LILIACEAE *Asphodelus fistulosus Onion Weed Dianella revoluta var. revoluta Black-anther Flax-lily Lomandra effusa Scented Mat-rush Lomandra multiflora ssp. dura Hard Mat-rush Lomandra sp. Mat-rush *Myrsiphyllum asparagoides Bridal Creeper

LORANTHACEAE Amyema miquelii Box Mistletoe

MALVACEAE Lawrencia squamata Thorny Lawrencia

MYOPORACEAE Eremophila glabra ssp. glabra Tar Bush K Eremophila longifolia Weeping Emubush K Eremophila sp. Plantation Species Myoporum insulare Common Boobialla N Myoporum platycarpum False Sandalwood

MYRTACEAE Eucalyptus brachycalyx Gilja Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona Square-fruit Mallee V R Eucalyptus gracilis Yorrell

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Conservation Rating Family/Genus/Species Common Name AUS SA YP NL MYRTACEAE Eucalyptus incrassata var. incrassata Ridge-fruited Mallee R Eucalyptus odorata Peppermint Box E Eucalyptus oleosa Red Mallee Eucalyptus phenax ssp. Sessile-fruit White Mallee Eucalyptus porosa Mallee Box Eucalyptus socialis Beaked Red Mallee Eucalyptus sp. Plantation Species Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata Dryland Tea-tree Melaleuca sp. Plantation Species

OLEACEAE *Olea europaea ssp. europaea Olive

ONAGRACEAE *Oenothera stricta ssp. stricta Common Evening Primrose

PINACEAE *Pinus sp. Pine

PITTOSPORACEAE Bursaria spinosa Sweet Bursaria Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa Native Apricot

POLYGONACEAE Muehlenbeckia florulenta Lignum

PROTEACEAE Grevillea huegelii Comb Grevillea K

RHAMNACEAE Pomaderris paniculosa ssp. paniculosa Mallee Pomaderris

ROSACEAE *Prunus sp Plum

RUTACEAE Geijera linearifolia Sheep Bush

SANTALACEAE Exocarpos aphyllus Leafless Cherry Santalum acuminatum Quandong

SAPINDACEAE Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Bullock Bush T U Dodonaea viscosa ssp. angustissima Sticky Hop-bush

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Conservation Rating Family/Genus/Species Common Name AUS SA YP NL SOLANACEAE *Lycium ferocissimum African Boxthorn *Nicotiana glauca Tree Tobacco *Solanum nigrum Black Nightshade *Solanum sp. Potato Bush

STERCULIACEAE Lasiopetalum baueri Slender Velvet-bush

TAMARICACEAE *Tamarix aphylla Athel Pine

UMBELLIFERAE *Foeniculum vulgare Fennel

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Nitraria billardierei Nitre-bush Zygophyllum aurantiacum

Indigenous species: 85 Alien species: 32 Total number of species: 117

# = Conservation status as listed in Briggs & Leigh (1996), and Lang & Kraehenbuehl (1997) Aus = National Status SA = State status NL = Northern Lofty Regional status YP = Yorke Peninsula Regional status X = Presumed extinct; not recorded for more than 50 years E = Endangered; rare and in danger of becoming extinct V = Vulnerable; rare and at risk from potential threats in the long term T = Threatened; rare and likely to become either endangered or vulnerable R = Rare having a low overall frequency, confined to a restricted ranged or scattered sparsely over a wider area K = Uncertain; either threatened or rare but insufficient data for a more precise assessment. U = Uncommon; less common species but not rare N = Not considered to be in danger Q = Not yet assessed but flagged as being of possible significance.

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Appendix B: Vegetation Association Overall Significance A Association No. Association Description 37 Atriplex stipitata / Halosarcia sp. Low Chenopod Shrubland 38 Halosarcia sp. Low Chenopod Shrubland

Appendix C: Vegetation Association Overall Significance B Association No. Association Description 3 Casuarina pauper Open Woodland 4 Casuarina pauper / Myoporum platycarpum Open Woodland 5 Eucalyptus porosa Woodland 6 Myoporum platycarpum Open Woodland 7 Eucalyptus brachycalyx Mallee 10 Eucalyptus gracilis Mallee 12 Eucalyptus gracilis +/- E. porosa Mallee 14 Eucalyptus oleosa / E. brachycalyx Mallee 15 Eucalyptus oleosa Mallee 16 Eucalyptus phenax ssp. Mallee 19 Eucalyptus socialis Mallee 23 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Tall Shrubland 24 Eremophila longifolia Tall Shrubland 36 Atriplex stipitata / Lawrencia squamata Low Shrubland 37 Atriplex stipitata / Halosarcia sp. Low Chenopod Shrubland 38 Halosarcia sp. Low Chenopod Shrubland 41 Mixed Native Species / Exotic Species Grassland

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Appendix D: Vegetation Association Overall Significance C Association No. Association Description 1 Callitris preissii Woodland 2 Callitris preissii / E. incrassata var. incrassata / E. socialis Woodland 3 Casuarina pauper Open Woodland 4 Casuarina pauper / Myoporum platycarpum Open Woodland 5 Eucalyptus porosa Woodland 6 Myoporum platycarpum Open Woodland 7 Eucalyptus brachycalyx Mallee 8 Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona Mallee 9 Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona / E. phenax ssp. Mallee 10 Eucalyptus gracilis Mallee 11 Eucalyptus gracilis / E. calycogona var. calycogona Mallee 13 Eucalyptus incrassata var. incrassata Mallee 14 Eucalyptus oleosa / E. brachycalyx Mallee 15 Eucalyptus oleosa Mallee 16 Eucalyptus phenax ssp. Mallee 17 Eucalyptus porosa / E. oleosa Mallee 18 Eucalyptus porosa Mallee 19 Eucalyptus socialis Mallee 23 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Tall Shrubland 35 Nitraria billardierei Shrubland 36 Atriplex stipitata / Lawrencia squamata Low Shrubland 37 Atriplex stipitata / Halosarcia sp. Low Chenopod Shrubland 38 Halosarcia sp. Low Chenopod Shrubland 39 Maireana aphylla Low Open Chenopod Shrubland 41 Mixed Native Species / Exotic Species Grassland 42 Austrostipa sp. Grassland

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Appendix E: Vegetation Association Overall Significance D Association No. Association Description 1 Callitris preissii Woodland 6 Myoporum platycarpum Open Woodland 7 Eucalyptus brachycalyx Mallee 10 Eucalyptus gracilis Mallee 13 Eucalyptus incrassata var. incrassata Mallee 14 Eucalyptus oleosa / E. brachycalyx Mallee 15 Eucalyptus oleosa Mallee 16 Eucalyptus phenax ssp. Mallee 17 Eucalyptus porosa / E. oleosa Mallee 19 Eucalyptus socialis Mallee 22 Acacia ligulata Tall Shrubland 24 Eremophila longifolia Tall Shrubland 25 Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata Tall Shrubland 26 Acacia hakeoides Shrubland 27 Acacia hakeoides / Melaleuca lanceolata / Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia Shrubland 28 Acacia oswaldii / Senna artemisioides species Shrubland 29 Geijera linearifolia / Acacia nyssophylla Shrubland 30 Geijera linearifolia / Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea Shrubland 31 Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea Shrubland 32 Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia Shrubland 33 Senna artemisioides ssp. petiolaris Shrubland 34 Santalum acuminatum Shrubland 35 Nitraria billardierei Shrubland 36 Atriplex stipitata / Lawrencia squamata Low Shrubland 37 Atriplex stipitata / Halosarcia sp. Low Chenopod Shrubland 40 Maireana brevifolia Low Chenopod Shrubland 41 Mixed Native Species / Exotic Species Grassland

Appendix F: Vegetation Association Overall Significance E Association No. Association Description 20 Exotic Species Plantation 21 Non-endemic Native Species Plantation 43 Exotic Species Grassland 44 Exotic Species Herbland

Appendix G: Vegetation Association Overall Significance Z Association No. Association Description 45 Bare Ground 46 Built Up

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Appendix H: Vegetation Association Conservation Significance 1 Association No. Association Description 5 Eucalyptus porosa Woodland 8 Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona Mallee 9 Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona / E. phenax ssp. Mallee 11 Eucalyptus gracilis / E. calycogona var. calycogona Mallee 23 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Tall Shrubland 38 Halosarcia sp. Low Chenopod Shrubland 39 Maireana aphylla Low Open Chenopod Shrubland

Appendix I: Vegetation Association Conservation Significance 2 Association No. Association Description 1 Callitris preissii Woodland 2 Callitris preissii / E. incrassata var. incrassata / E. socialis Woodland 3 Casuarina pauper Open Woodland 4 Casuarina pauper / Myoporum platycarpum Open Woodland 6 Myoporum platycarpum Open Woodland 7 Eucalyptus brachycalyx Mallee 10 Eucalyptus gracilis Mallee 12 Eucalyptus gracilis +/- E. porosa Mallee 13 Eucalyptus incrassata var. incrassata Mallee 14 Eucalyptus oleosa / E. brachycalyx Mallee 15 Eucalyptus oleosa Mallee 16 Eucalyptus phenax ssp. Mallee 17 Eucalyptus porosa / E. oleosa Mallee 18 Eucalyptus porosa Mallee 19 Eucalyptus socialis Mallee 34 Santalum acuminatum Shrubland 37 Atriplex stipitata / Halosarcia sp. Low Chenopod Shrubland 41 Mixed Native Species / Exotic Species Grassland 42 Austrostipa Species Grassland

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Appendix J: Vegetation Association Conservation Significance 3 Association No. Association Description 22 Acacia ligulata Tall Shrubland 24 Eremophila longifolia Tall Shrubland 25 Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata Tall Shrubland 26 Acacia hakeoides Shrubland Acacia hakeoides / Melaleuca lanceolata / Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia 27 Shrubland 28 Acacia oswaldii / Senna artemisioides species Shrubland 29 Geijera linearifolia / Acacia nyssophylla Shrubland 30 Geijera linearifolia / Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea Shrubland 31 Senna artemisioides nothossp. coriacea Shrubland 32 Senna artemisioides ssp. filifolia Shrubland 33 Senna artemisioides ssp. petiolaris Shrubland 35 Nitraria billardierei Shrubland 36 Atriplex stipitata / Lawrencia squamata Low Shrubland 40 Maireana brevifolia Low Chenopod Shrubland

Appendix K: Vegetation Association Conservation Significance 5 Association No. Association Description 20 Exotic Species Plantation 21 Non-endemic Native Species Plantation 43 Exotic Species Grassland 44 Exotic Species Herbland

Appendix L: Vegetation Association Conservation Significance 9 Association No. Association Description 45 Bare Ground 46 Built Up

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Appendix M: Proclaimed Species Locations Side of RO Road Name Segment No. Weed Species Present Road LHS 2, 3 *Marrubium vulgare LHS 8, 9 *Echium plantagineum 1 Balaklava Road RHS 8 *Echium plantagineum LHS 7 *Lycium ferocissimum LHS 1 *Marrubium vulgare Pumping Station RHS 1, 2, 4 *Marrubium vulgare 2 / Taylors Road LHS 3 *Lycium ferocissimum RHS 1 *Lycium ferocissimum LHS 3-7, 12, 14 *Echium plantagineum RHS 3-6, 14 *Echium plantagineum 3 Top Road RHS 10, 13 *Lycium ferocissimum RHS 12 *Marrubium vulgare LHS 1-7 *Echium plantagineum Hummocks 5 RHS 1, 3-7 *Echium plantagineum Road LHS 1, 4 *Lycium ferocissimum LHS 1-3, 5, 7-10 *Echium plantagineum McDonalds / Old 6 RHS 1, 2, 6-10 *Echium plantagineum Well Road LHS 6, 12, 17 *Marrubium vulgare LHS 4, 19, 22 *Lycium ferocissimum 7 Old Pirie Road RHS 2 *Lycium ferocissimum North Fishermans 8 RHS 13, 15 *Lycium ferocissimum Bay Road L/RHS 3, 7, 10-12 *Echium plantagineum Fishermans Bay 9 RHS 4 *Marrubium vulgare Road LHS 9 *Lycium ferocissimum Wards Hill North 10 LHS 1 *Marrubium vulgare Road LHS 3, 5, 10, 11 *Marrubium vulgare 13 Wards Hill Road L/RHS 5, 6 *Echium plantagineum RHS 36 *Lycium ferocissimum RHS 6 *Lycium ferocissimum Pine Forest – 14 LHS 19 *Marrubium vulgare Bews Road RHS 40 *Marrubium vulgare LHS 2 *Lycium ferocissimum 17 Church Road LHS 35 *Myrsiphyllum asparagoides 18 Willamulka Road LHS 10 *Myrsiphyllum asparagoides LHS 11, 44 *Echium plantagineum Cameron West 20 RHS 11 *Echium plantagineum Road LHS 22 *Marrubium vulgare RHS 9, 15 *Lycium ferocissimum 21 Coast Road RHS 22 *Myrsiphyllum asparagoides 23 Bill Avery’s Road RHS 9 *Marrubium vulgare LHS 5, 7, 9 *Echium plantagineum 26 Vennings Road RHS 5, 9 *Echium plantagineum LHS 1-18, 20-22, 25-30, 33-35 *Echium plantagineum 27 Towerview Road RHS 2-30, 33-35 *Echium plantagineum LHS 23 *Marrubium vulgare

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Side of RO Road Name Segment No. Weed Species Present Road LHS 2, 5, 52, 59 *Marrubium vulgare RHS 33, 59 *Marrubium vulgare LHS 11, 13-18, 20-37, 41-66, 73 *Echium plantagineum Aeroplane – RHS 13-18, 20-37, 41-65, 73 *Echium plantagineum 28 Mundoora Road LHS 70 *Olea europaea ssp. europaea RHS 42, 56, 67 *Olea europaea ssp. europaea LHS 70 *Lycium ferocissimum RHS 5, 30 *Lycium ferocissimum LHS 2-16, 21-25, 27, 30-32, 34-37, 39-42, 46-58 *Echium plantagineum RHS 2-16, 18-22, 24, 25, 27, 30-32, 34-37, 39- *Echium plantagineum Mundoora – 43, 47-58 29 Wokurna Road LHS 2, 19, 44 *Lycium ferocissimum RHS 2 *Lycium ferocissimum RHS 23 *Marrubium vulgare LHS 4, 9, 40 *Marrubium vulgare Broughton – LHS 8, 12-15, 17-20, 27, 39 *Echium plantagineum 30 Mundoora Road RHS 12-15, 17-21, 27, 39 *Echium plantagineum LHS 40 *Lycium ferocissimum RHS 1 *Marrubium vulgare Bussenschutt 31 LHS 5, 8 *Lycium ferocissimum Road RHS 10 *Lycium ferocissimum LHS 1, 2, 7, 10, 11 *Marrubium vulgare RHS 10, 12 *Marrubium vulgare LHS 4, 9, 10, 15 *Lycium ferocissimum 32 Youngs Road LHS 13, 14, 19, 22-27 *Echium plantagineum RHS 10, 12-14, 23, 26, 27 *Echium plantagineum LHS 19 *Myrsiphyllum asparagoides RHS 17 *Opuntia stricta var. stricta Wokurna – LHS 5-9, 14-16, 20-24 26-30 *Echium plantagineum 33 Snowtown Road RHS 5-9, 14-17, 19-24, 26-30 *Echium plantagineum

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Appendix N: Potential Sites – Roadside Significant Sites (RSSD-RMS), Bush For Life (BUS), Rehabilitation (REH) and Reference Sites (REF). Side of RO Road Name Segment No. Potential Site Road LHS 7-9 RSSD-RMS RHS 1, 2, 7-9 RSSD-RMS 1 Balaklava Road LHS 7-9 BUS / REH RHS 1, 2, 7-9 BUS / REH LHS 1, 16, 17 RSSD-RMS Pumping RHS 1, 4, 9 RSSD-RMS 2 Station-Taylors Road LHS 1, 16, 17 BUS / REH RHS 1, 4, 9 BUS / REH LHS 5, 6, 8-11, 14 RSSD-RMS RHS 5, 6, 8-11, 14 RSSD-RMS 3 Top Road LHS 5, 6, 8-11, 14 BUS / REH RHS 5, 6, 8-11, 14 BUS / REH LHS 2, 5, 7 RSSD-RMS Almond Tree RHS 2, 5 RSSD-RMS 4 Road LHS 2, 5, 7 BUS / REH RHS 2, 5 BUS / REH LHS 2, 4, 5 RSSD-RMS Hummocks RHS 2 RSSD-RMS 5 Road LHS 2, 4, 5 BUS / REH RHS 2 BUS / REH LHS 13, 18, 19 RSSD-RMS McDonalds RHS 12, 13, 18, 19 RSSD-RMS 6 Road LHS 13, 18, 19, 22 BUS / REH RHS 12, 13, 18, 19, 22 BUS / REH LHS 1-16, 18, 21 RSSD-RMS RHS 1-16, 18 RSSD-RMS 7 Old Pirie Road LHS 1-16, 18, 21 BUS / REH RHS 1-16, 18 BUS / REH North L/RHS 1, 4, 6, 8-18 RSSD-RMS 8 Fishermans Bay Road L/RHS 1, 4, 6, 8-18 BUS / REH LHS 10 RSSD-RMS Fishermans Bay RHS 6, 9, 10 RSSD-RMS 9 Road LHS 10 BUS / REH RHS 6, 9, 10 BUS / REH LHS 3, 5, 6, 8 RSSD-RMS Wards Hill RHS 3, 5, 8 RSSD-RMS 10 North Road LHS 3, 5, 6, 8, 13, 14 BUS / REH RHS 3, 5, 8, 13, 14 BUS / REH LHS 2, 3, 8 RSSD-RMS RHS 2 RSSD-RMS 11 Manners Road LHS 2, 3, 8 BUS / REH RHS 2 BUS / REH

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Side of RO Road Name Segment No. Potential Site Road LHS 8, 12 RSSD-RMS RHS 2, 6, 9 RSSD-RMS 12 Sunnyside Road LHS 8, 12 BUS / REH RHS 2, 6, 9 BUS / REH LHS 24 RSSD-RMS RHS 21, 22 RSSD-RMS 13 Ward Hill Road LHS 24 BUS / REH RHS 21, 22 BUS / REH LHS 27, 31, 32, 37 RSSD-RMS Pine Forest- RHS 27, 31, 32 RSSD-RMS 14 Bews Road LHS 27, 31, 32, 37 BUS / REH RHS 27, 31, 32 BUS / REH LHS 1, 6, 10 11 RSSD-RMS RHS 1, 6, 12 RSSD-RMS 16 Melton Road LHS 1, 6, 10 11 BUS / REH RHS 1, 6, 12 BUS / REH LHS 22, 23, 25, 27 RSSD-RMS RHS 2, 23, 26, 27 RSSD-RMS 17 Church Road LHS 22, 23, 25, 27 BUS / REH RHS 2, 23, 26, 27 BUS / REH LHS 1, 2, 9, 13, 16 RSSD-RMS Willamulka RHS 1-3, 9, 14-16 RSSD-RMS 18 Road LHS 1, 2, 9, 13, 16 BUS / REH RHS 1-3, 9, 14-16 BUS / REH LHS 1 RSSD-RMS RHS 1 RSSD-RMS 19 Lime Kiln Road LHS 1 BUS / REH RHS 1 BUS / REH LHS 22, 28, 29, 31 RSSD-RMS Cameron West RHS 22 RSSD-RMS 20 Road LHS 22, 28, 29, 31 BUS / REH RHS 22 BUS / REH LHS 20 RSSD-RMS RHS 20 RSSD-RMS 21 Coast Road LHS 20 BUS / REH RHS 20 BUS / REH LHS 16, 35, 37, 40 RSSD-RMS Alford-Tickera RHS 17, 22, 37, 40 RSSD-RMS 22 Road LHS 16, 35, 37-41, 43, 45 BUS / REH RHS 17, 22, 37-41 BUS / REH LHS 16, 17, 21 RSSD-RMS Bill Avery's RHS 21 RSSD-RMS 23 Road LHS 2, 16, 17, 21 BUS / REH RHS 2, 21 BUS / REH LHS 8 RSSD-RMS 24 Haldanes Road LHS 8 BUS / REH

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Side of RO Road Name Segment No. Potential Site Road LHS 3, 4, 6-8 RSSD-RMS Herberts 3 RHS 4, 6, 7 RSSD-RMS 25 Chain Road LHS 3, 4, 6-8 BUS / REH RHS 4, 6, 7 BUS / REH LHS 36 RSSD-RMS Towerview RHS 19, 33, 36 RSSD-RMS 27 Road LHS 36 BUS / REH RHS 19, 33, 36 BUS / REH LHS 2, 5, 28, 30, 38, 48, 50, 55, 72 RSSD-RMS Aeroplane- RHS 2, 5, 35, 42, 48, 57 RSSD-RMS 28 Mundoora Road LHS 2, 5, 28, 30, 38, 48, 50, 55, 72 BUS / REH RHS 2, 5, 35, 42, 48, 57 BUS / REH LHS 5, 7, 10, 16, 28, 33, 36, 37, 38, 51 RSSD-RMS Mundoora- RHS 4, 5, 7, 10, 16, 26, 27, 33, 36, 50, 51, 55 RSSD-RMS 29 Wokurna Road LHS 5, 7, 10, 16, 28, 33, 36, 37, 38, 51 BUS / REH RHS 4, 5, 7, 10, 16, 26, 27, 33, 36, 50, 51, 55 BUS / REH LHS 6, 8, 9, 11, 20, 22, 35, 37, 46 RSSD-RMS Port Broughton- RHS 2, 5, 9, 11, 13, 18, 24, 35, 37-41, 44, 50 RSSD-RMS 30 Mundoora Road LHS 6, 8, 9, 11, 20, 22, 35, 37, 46 BUS / REH RHS 2, 5, 9, 11, 13, 18, 24, 35, 37-41, 44, 50 BUS / REH Bussenschutt LHS 8 RSSD-RMS 31 Road LHS 8 BUS / REH LHS 1, 19 RSSD-RMS RHS 1 RSSD-RMS 32 Youngs Road LHS 1, 19 BUS / REH RHS 1 BUS / REH LHS 10, 15, 16, 17, 23, 31 RSSD-RMS Wokurna – RHS 20, 23, 24, 26, 31, 33, 38 RSSD-RMS 33 Snowtown Road LHS 10, 15, 16, 17, 23, 31 BUS / REH RHS 20, 23, 24, 26, 31, 33, 38 BUS / REH

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Appendix O: Flora Associations/Species of Conservation Significance Side RO Road Name of Segment No. Species Name Road LHS 7-9 Maireana aphylla RHS 1, 2, 7-9 Maireana aphylla LHS 8, 9 Maireana appressa 1 Balaklava Road RHS 8, 9 Maireana appressa LHS 8 Whalleya proluta RHS 8 Whalleya proluta LHS 1 Maireana aphylla RHS 1 Maireana aphylla Pumping Station- 2 LHS 4 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Taylors Road LHS 16, 17 Acacia notabilis RHS 9 Acacia notabilis LHS 5, 6, 8-11 Maireana aphylla RHS 5, 6, 8-11 Maireana aphylla 3 Top Road RHS 7 Austrostipa nodosa LHS 14 Maireana appressa RHS 14 Maireana appressa LHS 2, 5, 7 Maireana aphylla RHS 5 Maireana aphylla Almond Tree LHS 2-4 Austrostipa nodosa 4 Road RHS 1, 2, 4 Austrostipa nodosa LHS 2 Maireana appressa RHS 2 Maireana appressa LHS 2 Maireana aphylla 5 Hummocks Road RHS 2 Eucalyptus incrassata var. incrassata LHS 4, 5 Santalum acuminatum LHS 13, 18 Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona RHS 12, 13, 18 Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona 6 McDonalds Road LHS 19 Templetonia egena RHS 19 Templetonia egena LHS 19 Eucalyptus incrassata var. incrassata LHS 1, 3-6, 8-16, 19, 26 Halosarcia pergranulata ssp. pergranulata RHS 1, 3, 4, 8-12, 15 Halosarcia pergranulata ssp. pergranulata LHS 3 Templetonia egena 7 Old Pirie Road LHS 18 Cratystylis conocephala RHS 4 Cratystylis conocephala LHS 7, 9, 18, 21 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens RHS 7, 9 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens North Fishermans LHS 1, 2, 4, 6, 13, 15-18 Halosarcia pergranulata ssp. pergranulata 8 Bay Road RHS 1, 2, 4, 6, 8-18 Halosarcia pergranulata ssp. pergranulata Fishermans Bay LHS 10 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens 9 Road RHS 6, 9, 10 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens LHS 3, 6 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Wards Hill North RHS 3 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens 10 Road LHS 5, 8 Templetonia egena RHS 5, 8 Templetonia egena

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Side RO Road Name of Segment No. Species Name Road LHS 2, 3 Cratystylis conocephala 11 Manners Road RHS 2 Cratystylis conocephala LHS 8 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens LHS 8 Templetonia egena RHS 2 Templetonia egena 12 Sunnyside Road LHS 12 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens RHS 6, 9 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens LHS 12 Muehlenbeckia florulenta RHS 12 Muehlenbeckia florulenta 13 Ward Hill Road LHS 24 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens RHS 21, 22 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens LHS 31, 32, 37 Acacia notabilis Pine Forest-Bews RHS 31, 32 Acacia notabilis 14 Road LHS 36, 40, 41 Grevillea huegelii RHS 40, 41 Grevillea huegelii 15 Chappel Road LHS 11, 12, 14, 15 Grevillea huegelii LHS 6, 10 11 Acacia notabilis RHS 6, 12 Acacia notabilis 16 Melton Road LHS 8 Grevillea huegelii RHS 8, 9 Grevillea huegelii LHS 9, 11 Eremophila longifolia RHS 5, 6, 11, 12 Eremophila longifolia RHS 15 Grevillea huegelii LHS 22, 25, 27 Acacia notabilis 17 Church Road RHS 26, 27 Acacia notabilis LHS 23 Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona RHS 23 Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona RHS 2 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens LHS 35 Maireana aphylla LHS 1, 9, 13, 16 Acacia notabilis RHS 1, 14-16 Acacia notabilis 18 Willamulka Road RHS 13 Eremophila longifolia LHS 16 Grevillea huegelii LHS 1 Acacia notabilis RHS 1 Acacia notabilis 19 Lime Kiln Road LHS 1, 2 Acacia sclerophylla RHS 1 Acacia sclerophylla LHS 36 Acacia sclerophylla RHS 1 Acacia sclerophylla Cameron West LHS 22, 28 Acacia notabilis 20 Road RHS 22 Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona LHS 22, 29, 31 Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona LHS 22 Grevillea huegelii LHS 3, 5-12 Halosarcia pergranulata ssp. pergranulata RHS 3, 5-13 Halosarcia pergranulata ssp. pergranulata 21 Coast Road LHS 20 Cratystylis conocephala RHS 20 Cratystylis conocephala

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Side RO Road Name of Segment No. Species Name Road RHS 4 Eremophila glabra ssp. glabra LHS 16 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Alford-Tickera LHS 17, 22, 37 Templetonia egena 22 Road LHS 35, 37, 40 Grevillea huegelii RHS 37, 40 Grevillea huegelii RHS 41 Acacia sclerophylla RHS 10 Acacia sclerophylla 23 Bill Avery's Road LHS 16, 17, 21 Grevillea huegelii RHS 21 Grevillea huegelii 24 Haldanes Road LHS 8 Grevillea huegelii LHS 3, 8 Eremophila longifolia LHS 3, 4, 6, 7 Enneapogon nigricans Herberts 3 Chain RHS 4, 6, 7 Enneapogon nigricans 25 Road LHS 7 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens LHS 19, 20 Acacia sclerophylla RHS 19, 20 Acacia sclerophylla LHS 17, 20 Acacia sclerophylla 27 Towerview Road LHS 36 Acacia notabilis RHS 19, 33, 36 Acacia notabilis LHS 2, 5, 50, 55, 72 Acacia notabilis RHS 5, 35 Acacia notabilis LHS 28 Callitris verrucosa RHS 27 Callitris verrucosa LHS 36, 39, 55 Acacia sclerophylla Aeroplane- 28 RHS 38 Acacia sclerophylla Mundoora Road LHS 48 Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona RHS 48 Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona RHS 2, 42 Grevillea huegelii RHS 57 Enneapogon nigricans LHS 28, 30, 38 Templetonia sulcata LHS 5, 7, 10 Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona RHS 5, 7, 10 Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona LHS 16, 28, 33, 36, 37, 38, 51 Grevillea huegelii RHS 16, 33, 36, 51 Grevillea huegelii RHS 4 Enneapogon nigricans Mundoora- 29 RHS 26 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Wokurna Road RHS 27, 55 Templetonia egena RHS 50 Acacia notabilis LHS 50 Eremophila glabra ssp. glabra LHS 58 Eremophila longifolia RHS 57, 58 Eremophila longifolia

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Side RO Road Name of Segment No. Species Name Road RHS 2 Enneapogon nigricans LHS 6, 8, 9, 11, 20, 37 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens RHS 5, 9, 11, 13, 18, 24, 37- Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens 41, 44, 50 Port Broughton- LHS 17, 19, 20 Eremophila longifolia 30 Mundoora Road RHS 15, 19, 44 Eremophila longifolia LHS 27 Acacia sclerophylla LHS 40 Eremophila glabra ssp. glabra LHS 22, 35, 46 Acacia notabilis RHS 35 Templetonia egena Bussenschutt 31 LHS 8 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Road LHS 1, 19 Enneapogon nigricans 32 Youngs Road RHS 1 Enneapogon nigricans LHS 12 Acacia sclerophylla LHS 10, 15 Eucalyptus calycogona var. calycogona RHS 38 Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens LHS 16, 17 Acacia notabilis RHS 20, 23, 24 Acacia notabilis Wokurna- LHS 16, 23 Grevillea huegelii 33 Snowtown Road RHS 26, 31, 33 Grevillea huegelii LHS 29 Eremophila longifolia RHS 29 Eremophila longifolia LHS 31 Eucalyptus odorata RHS 31 Eucalyptus odorata

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