The British Monarchy and Ireland: 1800 to the Present James Loughlin Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-17408-4 - The British Monarchy and Ireland: 1800 to the Present James Loughlin Index More information

Index

Abercorn, Duke of, Governor of Northern and national interest, 50, 78 Ireland, 332 see also Queen Victoria Aberdeen, Lady, Vicereine 1886, 1906–15, Albert Victor, Prince, Duke of Clarence, 210–12, 213, 282, 288, 347; see also 209, 223–5, 231, 234, 235 Lord Aberdeen Alexandra, Princess of Wales, 101, 115, Aberdeen, Lord, Viceroy 1886, 1906–15 191, 195, 238 and image of Dublin Castle, 273, 276 Alfred, Prince, Duke of Edinburgh, 112, policy and practice of, 209–12, 236, 271, 131, 141, 156, 173 273, 275, 288 Amery, Leo, 286 relations with monarchs, 212, 272, 283 Anglesey, Marquis of, Viceroy, 42, resignation controversy, 288 44, 45 and theft of ‘Irish crown jewels’, 272 Anne, Princess, The Princess Royal, 384 significance of, for nationalists, 271, 288 Arthur, Prince, Duke of Connaught, 69, see also Viceroyalty 130–2, 142, 144 Accession, Declaration of, 257, 261, Asquith, H. H., 292, 295, 300 278, 281 Agreement of 1998, 379, 382, 390 Bagehot, Walter, 74, 279, 305, 380 Ahern, Bertie, 380 The English Constitution, 150 Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and King Baker, P. S., 387 accession and coronation of, 256, 257, Balfour, A. J., 286 258, 261 Berger, John, 74 character, 99, 120, 134, 140 Biggar, J. G, 152, 164 and constitutional crisis, 278 Birrell, Augustine, 274, 280, 288, 312 and Gladstone, 155, 159, 206, 229 Bloomfield, Sir Benjamin, 24 illness of, 150–4 Bonar Law, Andrew, 286 and Irish royal residence, 102, 144, Boundary Commission, 315, 332, 337 204, 259 British monarchy, historical connection Irish royal visits, 69, 111, 113–17, 140–7, with Ireland, 1 183–92, 196, 207, 259–64, 272 Brooke, Sir Basil (later Lord Irish view of, 114, 115, 156, 174, 207, Brookeborough), 351, 357, 230, 236, 258, 260, 262, 264, 279 360, 361 marriage of (see Princess Alexandra), Brotherhood, Irish Republican, 283 101, 103 Burke, Edmund reformist sympathies of, 258, 259, 260, Gladstone and, 125, 205 266, 272 and Ireland, 5, 10, 125, 380 see also Queen Victoria and monarchy, 3, 15, 33 Albert of Saxe-Coburg, Prince Consort Reflections on the Revolution in France,3 exhibitions, 81, 83 Burke, Sir Bernard, 105, 166 and Irish government, 62, 63, 64, 90, Burke, T. H., 179 98, 104 Butt, Isaac and Irish visits, 65, 69, 89–92, 93 and Home Rule movement, 135–8, memorials to, 106–7, 108, 156, 157, 207 148, 161

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-17408-4 - The British Monarchy and Ireland: 1800 to the Present James Loughlin Index More information

Index 393

and monarchy, 136–8, 151, 153, 164 Dicey, A. V., 4, 286 and Viceroyalty, 181 England’s Case against Home Rule, 228 Dillon, John, 243 Cadogan, Lord, Viceroy, 242, 244, 245–7, Disraeli, Benjamin, 120, 121, 165 251–6, 257 Dixie, Lady Florence, 192 Campbell-Bannerman, Henry, 271 Dougherty, Sir J. B., 281 Campaign, Plan of, 218 Drummond, Thomas, 45 Cannadine, David, xii, 26, 315 Dublin Castle Carlisle, Lord, Viceroy, 92, 105, 361 image and symbolism of, 273, 276, 298, Carnarvon, Lord, Viceroy, 199, 200, 201 308, 321 Caroline, Queen, 22, 28 national neutrality of, 331 Carson, Sir Edward as royal site, 175, 242, 274 as authority figure, 289 Dudley, Lord, Viceroy, 257, 265, 266 and Ulster Volunteer Force, 285, 290 Duffy, Sir Charles Gavan, 40, 58, 200 wartime prominence of, 303 Catholic emancipation, 5, 15, 25, 27, Easter Rising, 302, 303 28, 38 Ecclesiastical Titles bill, 80 Cavendish, Lord Frederick, 179 Edward VIII, Prince of Wales and King Chamberlain, Joseph, 187, 197, 218 abdication, 344 Chamberlain, Neville, 347 Belfast visit (1932), 339–42, 344 Charles, Prince of Wales coronation visit (1911), 282 Irish visits of, 377, 378, 381 de Valera and accession of, 335 and murder of Lord Mountbatten, 374 and proposed coronation tour, 341 and Princess Diana, 378 Eley, Geoff, 2 and religion, 256, 257, 381 Elizabeth II, Princess and Queen Churchill, Lord Randolph, 171 Ben Pimlott on, 350 Churchill, Sir Winston, 350 compared to George V, 372 Clarendon, Lord, Viceroy, 64, 70, 71, conciliationist activities of, 380, 381 73, 84 freedom of action, 357 Clement XII, Pope, 6 and Peace People, 371 Clonbrook, Lady, 263 and Ulster Unionists, 351, 355, Collins, Michael, 306, 318, 319, 322 356–60, 375 Connolly, James, 250 visits to Northern Ireland, 351, 355, 359, Conroy, Sir John, 47, 52 365–6, 370–4, 382 Cosgrave, W. T., 330, 334 wartime experience and Northern Cowper, Lord, Viceroy, 174, 175, 178 Ireland, 350 Craig, Maurice, 19 Emmet, Robert, 15, 248 Craig, Sir James, 294 Erskine, Lord, Governor of Northern Crawford, Sharman, 18 Ireland, 364 Cullen, Paul, Archbishop (later Cardinal), Esher, Viscount, 166 81, 92, 114, 129, 131, 132, 151, 152 Eucharistic Congress (1908), 277 Cumberland, Duke of, 49 Exhibitions Crystal Palace, 82–3, 177 Dargan, William, 84, 85, 86, 89, 109 Empire, 338, 346 Davitt, Michael, 211, 223 Irish, 83, 86–7, 88, 96, 111, 177 de Grey, Lord, Viceroy, 61, 62 de Tocqueville, Alexis, 60 Farrell, John J., 282 de Valera, Eamon Faulkner, Brian, 368 as authority figure, 336 Fenianism, 78, 98, 105, 106, 110–11, constitutional changes of, 334–6 112, 141, 144, 153 and Empire, 320, 338, 346 Fingall, Earl of, 22, 43 historical preoccupations of, 319, 320 FitzAlan, Lord, Viceroy, 311, 314 and monarchy, 305, 335, 343 FitzGerald, Garret, 383 and Second World War, 349, 351 Forster, W. E., 176, 178 Devane, Revd R. S., 329 Frazer, Sir James, 4

394 Index

Freeman’s Journal, 22, 48, 142, and Home Rule, 161, 198, 204, 205, 143, 283 205, 208 French, Lord, Viceroy, 308–9 and Irish character, 125, 148 and Irish nationality, 125 Galbraith, Revd J. A., 136 and Irish reforms, 113, 128, 134, 139, Garvin, Tom, 276, 310, 320 150, 162, 169 Geertz, Clifford, 32, 388 and Irish role for Prince of Wales, 134, George II, statue of , 343 139, 149, 154–6, 157–60 George III, King and Irish royal residence, 121, and coronation oath, 2 149, 160 and Order of St Patrick, 8 and monarchy’s relationship with and royal family as focus of Ireland, 125–30, 132, 133, 139, 148–9, allegiance, 15 210, 213, 229 George IV, King and viceregal reform, 204, 231, 232 coronation of, 20 see also Queen Victoria Irish coronation visit, 18–30, 32–5, 77 ‘Glorious Revolution’, 3, 7 and Irish Viceroyalty, 21 Gloucester, Duke of, 342 and Mrs Fitzherbert, 21 Gonne, Maud, 252 and Order of St Patrick, 22 Gough, Lord, memorial to, 361 Scottish coronation visit, 4, 7, 30–1 Government of Ireland Act, 310 George V, Duke of York and King Governor General of Irish Free State anti-Catholicism and Silver Jubilee of, abolition of, 335 330, 342 and Irish Viceroyalty, 321, 326 and Boundary Commission, 337 and political controversy, 326, 330 and Catholicism, 277, 278, 291 see also Healy, Timothy; Irish Free State and constitutional crisis, 277, 292, 293, Granard, Earl of, 21 294, 296 Grattan, Henry, 16, 106 coronation, Irish dimension to, 278 Gray, E. D., 185 and Declaration of Accession, 5, 278, Gregory, Lady Augusta, 244, 264 291–2 Griffith, Arthur, 252 embodiment of the nation, 286 and dominion settlement, 319 and House of Windsor, 305 and monarchy, 264, 265, 305, 319, and Ireland (1914–22), 298, 299, 302, 320, 328 309, 310, 312, 313–18 and Parnell, 320 Ireland and illness of, 329 Resurrection of Hungary, 264 and Irish royal residence, 247 Irish visits of, 223–5, 238, 244, 245–7, Hamilton, Sir William Rowan, 33 249, 277–85, 313–18, 325 Hamilton, William, 76 and Order of St Patrick, 334 Hammond, J. L., 125–30 personality and social outlook of, Harper, Bishop Alan, 385 280, 284 Healy, Timothy, 168, 237, 322, 327 and special relationship with Ireland, Henderson, Oscar, 337 277, 284 Hocart, A. M., 315 title altered, 332 Home Rule George VI, Duke of York and King popular support for, 243 attitude to the Irish people, 347 see also Butt, Isaac; Parnell, Charles coronation of, 330, 343 Stewart and Irish Republic, 354 Home Rule bill of 1886 and Victoria memorial, 353 and loyalty, 205 visits to Northern Ireland, 336–8, and nationalist attitude to crown, 213 344–6, 349, 351 and Scottish model of constitutional Gladstone, W. E. integration, 205 as authority figure, 163 and Viceroyalty, 208 and Catholicism, 155, 161, 162, 166 Home Rule bill of 1893 and Fenianism, 128 and monarchy, 238–40

Index 395

Home Rule crisis (1912–14), 285 McDonagh, Oliver, 18 Hoppen, Theodore, 194 M’Grath, John, 181 Houghton, Lord, Viceroy MacManus, Henry, 40 and Lord Aberdeen 237 Macmanus, Terence Bellew, 98 nationalist attitude to, 237 McNeill, Eoin, 338 Hume, John, 373, 375 McSwiney, Terence, 312 Hyde, Douglas, 335 Maguire, J. F., 84 Manning, Cardinal, 187, 235 Illustrated London News,65 Martin, John, 119, 138 IRA, Provisional, 367, 373, 374, 377, 390 Mary, Princess, The Princess Royal, Irish, ‘Celtic’ characteristics of, 96, 103, 282, 339 116, 129, 142, 143, 204, 241 Mason, Roy, Secretary of State for Irish Free State Northern Ireland, 369, 370, 373 a contested constitutional form, 325, 327 Matthew, Henry, 217, 231 Oath of Allegiance and, 325, 330 Melbourne, Lord, 45, 47, 52 republicans and, 325, 330 Mitchel, John, 71, 74 and royal symbols, 330, 331 Moore, George, 175 see also Governor General Moore, Thomas, 35 Irish Protestant Home Rule Morley, John, 127, 210, 237 Association, 219 Morpeth, Lord, 45 Irish Republican Brotherhood, 283 Mountbatten, Lord, 374 Mulgrave, Lord, Viceroy, 12 Jacqueline, 359 Murphy, James, xi, 194 James II, King, 7, 18, 71, 132, 133, Murphy, William Martin, 273 230, 264 Murphy-O’Connor, Archbishop Joyce, James, 257 Cormac, 382 Murray, Dr, Archbishop, 68 Kennedy, Michael, 381 Kent, Prince George, Duke of, 346 Napier, Sir Joseph, 95 Kent, Princess Victoire, Duchess of, 46, 99 Nation, The, and national petition to the Kimberley, Lord, Viceroy, 109, 140 Queen, 97–8 Kitchener, Lord, 282 Nelson, Admiral Lord, 9 Nicholas I, Tsar, 71 La Touche, John, 129 Norman Yoke, 4 Lawlor, James Fintan, 78 Northern Ireland Lecky, W. E. H., 259 and changes in Queen’s title, 357 Leinster, Duke of, 68 fears of British withdrawal from, 368, Leo XIII, Pope, 222, 261 369, 375 Liverpool, Lord, 36 Governorship of, 331, 367 Lloyd George, David, 302, 312, 314, Jubilee violence in, 342 316, 319 and Order of St Patrick, 333, Logue, Cardinal, 255, 262, 282 338, 349 Londonderry, Lord, Viceroy, 218, 223, royal residence suggested for, 343 227, 242 royal symbols in, 379 Long, Walter, 266 and Second World War, 348–51 Lorne, Lord, 139, 141, 142, 210 social upheaval and relationship with Louis Philippe, King of France, 52, 63 crown, 367, 375 Louise, Princess, 139, 141, 143 welfare state and, 361 Lukes, Steven, 387 see also Elizabeth II; O’Neill, Terence Lurgan, Lord, 127 O’Brien, James Bronterre, 52 McAleese, Mary, Irish President, 380 O’Brien, R. B. McCabe, Cardinal, 185 Dublin Castle and the Irish People, 276 McCarthy, Justin, 181, 200, 249 A Hundred Years of Irish History, 280 McDonagh, Michael, 252 O’Brien, William, 184, 188–91, 195

396 Index

O’Connell, Daniel monument to, 281 as authority figure, 39–42, 44 and party response to royal visits, 183–6, and British monarchy, 6, 17–18, 23, 35, 188, 193, 194, 195, 202, 225 38, 43, 44, 46, 54 and Plan of Campaign, 219 and Catholic Association, 38 and Queen Victoria, 170–3, 200, 213, and emancipation, 16–17, 20 221, 222, 223, 229 and George IV’s coronation visit, 20, 25, Parnell, Henry, 20 28, 29, 30, 35, 37 Parnell, John, 252 and Glorious Revolution, 18 Parnellism (post-1891), 235 Golden Jubilee of death, 248 Peace People, 369, 371 and Irish royal residence, 26 Pearse, Padraig, 301 and Irish Viceroyalty, 181 Peel, Sir George, 105 A Memoir on Ireland Native and Saxon,50 Peel, Sir Robert, 36, 61 and nationality, 17, 87, 94, 205 Philip, Prince, Duke of Edinburgh, 366 and Queen Victoria, 46–8, 49–54, 57 Phoenix Park and Repeal, 41, 44, 50–1, 53, 54 as metaphor of good government, 60 statues of, 97, 178 murders in, 179 and Whig–Repeal compact, 45–6 and riot of 144, 146 O’Connor, Arthur, 155 Pile, Thomas, 251, 252 O’Connor, Fergus, 49, 52 Pius VI, Pope, 6 O’Connor, John, 185 Pius IX, Pope, 80, 104 O’Conor Don, The, 278 Plunket, W. C. (later Lord), 16, 36, 37 O’Donovan Rossa, Jeremiah, 301 Plunkett, Sir Horace, 263, 244 O’Farrell, Henry James, 112, 131 Ireland in the New Century, 266 O’Hagan, Baron, 127 Pollard, A. F., 4 O’Higgins, Kevin, 328 Ponsonby, Sir Henry, 154, 197 O’Loghlen, Sir Colman, 117, 121, 156 Prochaska, Frank, xii, 34, 370 O’Neill, Terence public arena and monarchy, 362, 365–6 and modernisation, 101, 103, and reform, 361–7 141, 146 O’Neill Daunt, W. J., 50, 181, 226 and royal ritual, xiii O’Sullivan, Daniel, 131, 132 state engineering of, 126 Oldham, C. H., 204 Order of St. Patrick, 113, 141, 282, 333, Redmond, John 338, 349 and Aberdeen Viceroyalty, 288 and Augustine Birrell, 300 Paisley, Revd Ian as ‘Dictator’, 277, 286, 290 and Act of Settlement, 376 on Irish attitude to Home Rule, 276 and Agreement of 382 and monarchy, 250, 278, 280, 295 as authority figure, 363 as party leader, 234, 250, 273 and Democratic Unionist Party, 367 political demise, 300, 302, 306 and monarchy, 363, 364–5, 367, and war, 297, 299 375, 376 Rees, Merlyn, 369 and power-sharing agreement with Sinn Rhodes, Cecil, 226 Fein, 384 Ribbon movement, 57 and Terence O’Neill, 363, 364 Ripon, Lord, 167, 210 Palmerston, Lord, 65 Roberts, Lord, 292 papal aggression, 76, 84 Robinson, Mary, Irish President, 378 Parnell, Charles Stewart Rugby, Lord, 352, 355 and Aberdeen Viceroyalty, 228 Russell, Lord John, 64, 95, 119 as authority figure, 168, 170, 172, 194, 217, 257 Salisbury, Lord downfall of, 231 anti-Irish prejudices of, 207 and imperial loyalty, 226, 230 and Duke of Clarence, 231 and Irish government, 197, 207, 208 on Irish attraction to royalty, 199

Index 397

and Irish government, 199, 217 United Irishman, 252 and Queen Victoria, 199, 205 United Irishmen, rebellion of, 15, 58 Viceroyalty under, 217 commemoration of, 243, 248 Saunderson, Colonel, 240 Saurin, William, 36 Vernon, James, 126, 387 Saxe-Weimar, Edward, Prince of, 213 Vicars, Sir Arthur, 272 Scotland, as constitutional model for Viceroyalty (Lord Lieutenancy) Ireland, xiii, 34, 59, 82, 118, 167, ban on Catholic officeholders, 38, 62, 205, 259 112, 156, 181, 182, 208, 231, 232 Scotsman, The,31 as emblematic of Irish capital, 60 Scott, Sir Walter, 4, 7, 30 history of, 8 Settlement, Act of, 62, 376, 381, 384 and Home Rule, 198, 205, 208, 210, 228, Sidmouth, Lord, 26, 29 239, 288 Sinn Fein, 275, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307 and Ireland’s constitutional status, Sinn Fein, Provisional, 382, 384 10–12, 105 Smith, Goldwin, 176, 192 and Irish government, 61, 88, 95, Smith, W. H., 232 106, 129 Smuts, General, 313 nationalist attitudes to, 181 Somme, battle of, 303, 305 and the Phoenix Park, 9 Spencer, Lord, Viceroy proposed abolition of, 95, 150, 158, on Home Rule, 154 181–2, 201, 204, 228, 242, 258 and Irish loyalty to crown, 129, 145, 153, regal inauthenticity of, 60, 71–7, 109, 154, 180, 183, 193, 198 165, 174, 199 and Irish reform, 139, 160–1, 197 see also Viceroys powers of (1882–85), 179 Victoria, Queen and royal visit of 183, 188, 193, 196 anti-Irish prejudice of, 59, 99, 100, 102, and Viceroyalty, 128, 150, 160–1, 104, 107, 116, 119, 120, 130, 133, 175, 183 144, 155, 157, 160, 165, 174, 180, Stacpoole, Capt. William, 129, 139, 197, 204, 206, 223, 230, 232, 234, 249 154, 157 and Catholicism, 80, 220 Stockmar, Baron, 53 and concept of allegiance, 54 Strachey, St Loe, 242 death of, 256 Stuart, Charles Edward (Young Pretender), and fear of revolution, 63 6, 42 and Fenianism, 112, 133, 164, 174 Sturgis, Mark, 310 and Gladstone, 130, 159, 162, 174, 180, Sugden, Edward, 51, 61 230, 234, 236 Sullivan, T. D., 211 and Great Famine, 62, 104, 116, 171, 190, 220, 252, 254 Talbot, Lord, Viceroy, 21, 36 and Home Rule, 201, 202, 205, 206, 207, Teck, Princess Mary of, 234 209, 210, 236, 237, 238, 239 Thackeray, W. M., 60, 274 Ireland and coronation of, 48–9 Trench, W. S., Realities of Irish Life, 118 Ireland and Jubilees of, 219, 222, Trevelyan, G. O., 179 244, 245 and Irish government, 62, 130, 133, 140, Ulster loyalism, and monarchy 158, 204, 247 to 1922: 70, 76, 82, 90, 108, 131, 164, Irish visits of, 64–77, 84, 89–93, 177, 191, 207, 221, 224, 235, 239, 245, 249–56 253, 263, 291–2, 294, 303, 314–18 and Leaves from the Journal of our Life in from 1922: 331–4, 339, 356–60, 373, the Highlands, 118 374–7, 382, 383, 390 and Lord Salisbury, 198, 205, 207 Ulster Volunteer Force as model of middle-class values, 15, 98, and 36th Ulster Division, 299 171, 177 reformed (1960s), 363 monuments to, 249, 256, 274, Union, Act of, 1, 5, 251 352, 380 Union, Anglo-Scottish, 2 and national interest, 50, 78

398 Index

Victoria, Queen (cont.) Wellington, Duke of and National Petition, 97–8 as authority figure, 39, 95 and Realities of Irish Life, 119 monument to, 9 and royal residence, 101–2, 109, 117–18, Wilkinson, Nevile, 282, 315, 333, 349 120, 129, 160, 197, 383 William III, King, 18, 29 and Royal Titles Bill, 163 Dublin monument to, 9, 37, 229, 331 and Scotland, xiii, 7, 53, 59, 69, 94, William IV, King, 17, 38, 42–4, 46 103, 120 Wimborne, Lord, Viceroy, 300, 304 and Stuart predecessors, 7 Wolfe Tone, Theobald, 58, 248, 251 and Unionist propaganda, 226 Wortman, Richard, 24, 71, 102 and Wales, 53 Wyndham, George, 257, 258, 259, 260, 265 Wakehurst, Lord, Governor of Northern Ireland, 362 Yeats, W. B., 243, 264 Walsh, Archbishop, 185, 223, 225, 255, Young Ireland movement, 17, 58, 63 256, 262, 279, 311 Webb, Alfred, 185 Zetland, Marquis of, Viceroy, 231, 233 Wellesley, Marquess, Viceroy, 12, 21, 37 Ziegler, Philip, 44