EBC Solid Leadership Webinar: New England Regional Conference of State Solid Waste Directors Welcome

David Murphy

Chair, EBC Solid Committee

Vice President, Tighe & Bond, Inc.

Environmental Business Council of New England Energy Environment Economy Thank you to our Sponsors Program Introduction

Steve Wright

Program Chair and Moderator

Vice President, Sanborn, Head & Associates

Environmental Business Council of New England Energy Environment Economy Solid Waste Management Issues: Massachusetts

John Fischer

Deputy Division Director Solid Waste Materials Management Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection

Environmental Business Council of New England Energy Environment Economy EBC Solid Waste Directors Meeting June 19, 2020 1. Solid Waste Master Plan  Provides overall policy framework and direction  Final 2030 Plan still under review at MassDEP  Next steps - Finalize plan and begin implementation  New and updated Action Plans for:  Reduce & Reduction  Market Development  C&D Materials  Organics  Regulation review of 310 CMR 16.00 and 19.000 2. Markets & Contamination  Values for many recyclables are low (though some recent rebounds)  Recycling system burdened by cost of high contamination levels  Recycling Market Development  Recycling Business Development Grants  Recycling Loan Fund  Develop Comprehensive Action Plan 2. Recycling Markets & Contamination (cont.)  Recycling IQ Kit  Boots on the ground local approach  Recycle Smart  Statewide initiative to raise awareness  Social media, Partner organizations

3. Management Capacity  Materials Management Capacity Study  In state disposal capacity fully utilized  C&D processing and organics (AD) – capacity available  Transfer capacity available  Growth in rail transfer projects & capacity  Moratorium – propose to allow replacement WTE capacity within current limits  Recycling market development – grow recycling capacity 4. Waste Ban Compliance  Continued non compliance observed in waste ban inspections  About 1 in 4 loads are failed loads  Since 2013 issued nearly 1,200 NONs and 60 penalties  ½ of penalties since start of 2019  Will begin to resume inspections this week

5. Waste Reduction Target Areas  Greatest diversion potential  Food  Cardboard  Wood  Textiles  Bulky Materials  Difficult to recycle – reduce or phase out  Single use packaging 5. Waste Reduction Target Areas  Reuse & donation opportunities  Food donation  Building materials  Office furniture & equipment  Textiles & durable household goods  Local market opportunities  Food  Mattresses  Glass  Textiles Contact Information John Fischer Deputy Division Director, Solid Waste [email protected] Solid Waste Management Issues: Maine

Paula Clark

Director, Division of Materials Management Bureau of Remediation and Waste Management Maine Department of Environmental Protection

Environmental Business Council of New England Energy Environment Economy Solid Waste Management Issues in Maine - 2020

Paula Clark, Director Division of Materials Management Bureau of Remediation and Waste Management

MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Protecting Maine’s Air, Land and Water Issues for Maine

• Product Stewardship Legislation ✓ Packaging ✓ Drug Take-back ✓ Single Use Bag Ban • Definition of “Waste Generated Within the State” • Waste Diversion and Recycling • PFAS Initiatives

MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep Product Stewardship Legislation: Packaging

• LD 2104 – An Act to Support and Increase the Recycling of Packaging • Provide financial support to municipalities • Decrease volume and toxicity of packaging • Increase recycling and improve recycling outcomes • Stewardship organization selected through competitive bid process to manage payments and investments • Producers pay packaging fees; can lower cost by distributing less, redesign and alternative collection programs

• MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep Product Stewardship Legislation: Drug Take-Back • LD 1460 – An Act to Support Collection and Proper Disposal of Unwanted Drugs • Manufacturers required to participate (individually or collectively) in a drug take-back stewardship program • Stewardship plans require DEP approval; must address collection, tracking, handling, education/outreach, measurement, performance goals and financing • “Mandatory pharmacy collectors” and “authorized collectors” Product Stewardship Legislation: Single Use Bag Ban • Public Law 2019 Chapter 346 – “An Act to Eliminate Single- Use Plastic Carry-Out Bags” • Bans single-use bags but included certain exemptions (e.g. bags for prescription medications, tires and newspapers) • Allows alternative use of recycled paper or reusable plastic bags if charge a fee of at least 5 cents • Preempts municipal regulation of single-use bags • Legislation addressing pandemic issues extended effective date of certain single-use bag restrictions from April 22, 2020 to January 15, 2021 and established March 17, 2020 as the municipal preemption date

MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep Definition of “Waste Generated Within the State” • LD 401 - An Act to Preserve State Capacity and Promote Recycling • “Waste that is generated within the State” redefined • State-owned authorized by law to accept only in-state generated waste • Processing residues from Maine facilities considered in-state waste • Waste processing facilities required by law to “recycle to the maximum extent practicable but in no case less than 50%” • At least 50% characterized as recycled must be by methods other than placement in a landfill (e.g. as ADC) • Alternative standard for certain processing facilities • Stakeholder submission of a petition for rulemaking Waste Diversion and Recycling

• Continuing priorities in accordance with the 2019 State Materials Management Plan • Continued focus on Food Recovery Hierarchy • Maine Solid Waste Diversion Grant Program

MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep PFAS Initiatives

• Directive to licensed facilities to sample/analyze for PFOA, PFOS, PFBS – Spring 2019 • Approval required for continued land application and distribution • Data for 52 sludges, 17 , 8 paper mill residuals, 86 site soils • Ongoing testing requirements • Final Report of the Governor’s PFAS task force issued in January 2020

MAINE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION www.maine.gov/dep PFAS Testing Program Sludge and Sampling Locations Contact: Paula M. Clark [email protected] 207-287-7718

www.maine.gov/dep Solid Waste Management Issues: Connecticut

Robert Isner

Director Waste Engineering and Enforcement Division Connecticut Dept. of Energy & Environmental Protection

Environmental Business Council of New England Energy Environment Economy Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection

Robert Isner, CT DEEP June 19, 2020 Virtual Meeting Overview

• COVID-19 • CMMS CT’s Solid Waste Plan (Comprehensive Materials Management Strategy) • MIRA RFP • PFAS • Compliance Assurance COVID-19

• Emergency Declaration (EO7, 3/12/20) • New Terminology • DEEP Telework • Waste Sector dialog • EO7N – Essential Business • Risk Messaging - Bottle Bill & Bags • Enforcement Discretion • CT Phase 2 Reopening – 6/17/20

• What’s next Comprehensive Materials Management Strategy The “CMMS” • 2016 update, Solid Waste Management Plan - Hierarchy / self-sufficiency

• 3 Pillars – Improve municipal performance – Develop/improve conversion technologies – EPR

• Track CMMS progress at CMMS webpage What’s Still in

Connecticut’s Trash? (as of 2015) Capacity & CT Infrastructure • No active municipal MSW landfills

• Manchester LDF, open/ non-MSW - (C&D, soils, bulky waste) • few municipal only bulky waste landfills

• 5 remaining WtE/RRFs - 2 big, 2,000TPD Hartford/Bridgeport - 3 small (Bristol/Lisbon/Preston) - 2 closed (Wallingford RRF/Sterling tire RRF)

• 1 Ash landfill, Wheelabrator/Putnam -2019 expansion app. pending = 30+ yrs

• 1 Wood Fuel only WtE facility, Plainfield Transformation Strategies

• Municipal outreach to adopt unit-based pricing systems (EPA SMART model, good fiscal option)

• Organics focus: ; Commercial composting; Residential Composting; Donation/diversion - recycling of organics

• Product Stewardship / Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) approaches Conversion Technologies Anaerobic Digestion • 4 Commercial ADs permitted facilities (Bridgeport, 2 – Southington, North Haven) > Supreme/Quantum Biopower Southington > 3 other projects pending construction • Many preapplication discussions • 2 Commercial Composting facilities (Ellington, New Milford) • Small scale muni & community projects • Interactive GIS Map of large scale food residual generators and processing facilities MIRA RFP ( Public Act 14-94 ) • Resource Rediscovery webpage - All publicly available info

• RFP background/schedule/scope -Nov.’15 – Dec.’17 proposal review/selection -2018-2020 contract negotiations

• Status - Contract teams (MIRA/SRRT) near impasse - 5/28/20 MIRA vote to end process on 8/31/20

• Next Steps, uncertain: > MIRA to resolve large-scale financing??? > Develop options consistent with CMMS??? PFAS • WPLR/Remediation Div. PFAS webpage • What are PFAS? • Known PFAS Sources Toxicity and Health Effects • PFAS Resources Connecticut PFAS History • PFAS Task Force

• Interagency Task Force homepage – OTG, DEEP & DPH led – Listserv – 11/4/2019 Report & Action plan 1 1

CT INTERAGENCY PFAS TASK FORCE

- Task Force goals: - Identify impacts to health and environment - Listen to stakeholders’ concerns - Identify actions to address impacts

Governor Draft Final Action establishe Task Task Force Task Action Plan Plan to s Task Force Meeting 2 Force to Governor Force Meeting 1 8/28 Meeting 3 Governor 10/15 11/1 7/8 7/30 9/18 10/1

Committee Committee Public meetings meetings comment period

Connecticut Department of Energy & Environmental Protection PFAS • Next Steps (within funding & staff) – Ongoing stakeholder dialog/collaboration – Develop standards Ambient/surface water; landfills, composting & ; action levels, etc. – AFFF Municipal Takeback program (CT DESPP) – RFP - Environmental media sampling – Modify regulatory controls (permits, regulations, SOPs) – Capital investment with DPH for equipment (State Health lab instrumentation) – Ongoing technical guidance (sampling & analysis methods & protocols, etc.) Compliance Assurance • DEEP’s Compliance Assurance Policy – Balanced assistance, permits/enforcement • 20 By 20 Initiative - 6/2019, Comm Dykes-deliver DEEP mission “Predictably, Efficiently, & Transparently” - Listserv available for email updates - Many Permit Goals, #3 includes legacy SW legacy permit apps - EPA ELMS (Enviro Lean Management System) adopted for SW weekly tracking/action • COMPASS (Compliance Assistance) - Continuous thru COVID-19 • Recycling Enforcement & Education Compliance Assurance • Waste Program Compliance Monitoring - Reduced & ongoing during COVID-19 • DEEP Enforcement Discretion Statement - parallels CT Emergency Declaration (EO7) • Developing Social Distancing SOPs • What to expect: - some traditional inspections (COVID safe) - more data reviews & remote sensing - enforcement correspondence; self-audits, PIQ, Key indicators (no records) - RESPOND if asked, No-Response = prioritized for inspection or formal tools • Dialog with EPA & state peers Contacts & Assistance:

- ct.gov/deep

- DEEP COVID-19 Response

- COMPASS (Compliance Assistance Line) (888) 424-4193

- SWAC / HWAC (Advisory Committees)

- RecycleCT

- PFAS webpage

Robert Isner, (860) 424-3264 [email protected] Solid Waste Management Issues: New Hampshire

Michael Wimsatt

Director, Waste Management Division New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services

Environmental Business Council of New England Energy Environment Economy Mike Wimsatt, Director, Waste Management Division NH Department of Environmental Services

EBC Solid Waste Management Webinar New England Regional Conference of State Solid Waste Directors June 19, 2020

1 Challenge No. 1 Incentivizing an Integrated SW Management System

▪ Landfilling plays outsized role in state’s infrastructure, contrary to hierarchy

▪ Waste-to-Energy facing pressures, limited diversion infrastructure

▪ Statute establishes preferences, but agency’s ability to influence is limited

2 Challenge No. 2 Closed Landfill Management ▪ 300+ closed, unlined landfills – largely municipally owned

▪ Monitoring/maintenance requirements are performance- based, not time-based

▪ Post-closure period ends once landfill no longer poses risk to human health or the environment

▪ Emerging contaminant challenges highlight importance of post- closure care

3 Challenge No. 3 Perfluorochemicals & Other Emerging Contaminants

▪ Presence of PFAS in LF leachate

▪ Implications for leachate management if WWTF’s won’t accept

▪ Higher risk-aversion – LF’s more cautious about accepting , including soils, with high PFAS concentrations

▪ Alternative treatment methods - need for further investigation

4 Challenge No. 4 Planning & Engagement

▪ Challenges advancing longer-term initiatives and robustly engaging with stakeholders

▪ State Solid Waste Management Plan

▪ Rule re-adoption (2024)

▪ Key rule revisions

▪ Composting rules overhaul

▪ General permits for selected facility types

▪ Interacting with legislature to advance SW management issues

5 Challenge No. 5 Staffing & Program Resources

▪ Lack of dedicated SW program fund – reliance on general funds ▪ Lack of resources due to successive general fund constraints ▪ Recent retirements, combined with challenges back-filling (esp. engineering/permitting positions) ▪ Affects agency’s ability to address critical SW challenges

6 Five Critical SW Management Challenges for New Hampshire

1. Incentivizing an Integrated SW Management System 2. Closed Landfill Management 3. Perfluorochemicals & Other Emerging Contaminants 4. Planning & Engagement 5. Staffing & Program Resources

7 Thank you!

Mike Wimsatt, (603) 271-1997 [email protected]

Jaime Colby, (603) 271-5185 [email protected]

Michael Nork, (603) 271-2936 [email protected]

8 Solid Waste Management Issues: Rhode Island

Mark Dennen

Supervising Environmental Scientist Office of Land Revitalization & Sustainable Materials Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management

Environmental Business Council of New England Energy Environment Economy SOLID WASTE UPDATES FOR Rhode Island

 Mark Dennen, CPG- Supervising Environmental Scientist  Robert Schmidt, Environmental Engineer  RIDEM/ Office of Land Revitalization and Sustainable Materials Management Solid Waste Topics

 Medical Waste/Covid 19  Anaerobic Digestion/Food Waste  Solar Development at Landfills  Permitting and Enforcement Upgrades to Solid Waste Facilities Overview of Waste Management in Rhode Island

 1 Large Active Landfill run by Rhode Island Corp. (pseudo-state Corporation)  Also runs large scale composting and recycling program  discouraged by statute  Slated to close after current 2 phases (2030?)  1 small municipal landfill (closing winter 2020)  1 Large C&D Processing Facility (2000 tons/day)  1 Large Anaerobic Digester (in construction- 200 tons/day)  1 Large Medical Waste processing facility Potential New Facilities

 1 New C&D Transfer Station (North Kingstown)  1 transfer station and C&D Processing facility application in Providence is no longer going to proceed.  1 Medical Waste Facility in West Warwick is in the application process for Pyrolysis REGULATED MEDICAL WASTE

 Expectation of huge increase in regulated medical waste due to COVID-19 Not realized.  COVID-19 Waste does not need special handling as its survivability and mechanism of transmission not different from other pathogens.  Many firms doing “COVID-19 Cleaning” meaning aggressive cleaning of residential and businesses. Rags, etc, generated from these do not meet definition of Regulated Medical Waste and are therefore solid waste.  Facilities have emphasized hazards in overmanaging non-medical waste (furniture, rugs, etc.) hard to treat. MEDICAL

 1 Large Facility (Stericycle) handles most of New England’s Waste  Capacity recently increased from 90-153 tons/day  Waste treated in 2 large Autoclaves and 1 sharps autoclave  BUD for treated needles no longer active  Incineration for red bag waste Pyrolysis RI composting facility regulations

 1 Large Anaerobic Digester  1 Agricultural Compost Operations  2 Smaller Putrescible Waste Operations  Leaf and Yard Composting at 17 other sites Anaerobic Digester Anaerobic Digester Residual Disposal

 Site in Tiverton was accepting partially empty containers from Anaerobic Digester in MA together with other food waste  Bob will edit this.  Severe odor issues  Shut down History of A.D. Facility Regulation Usage

1. Current applicant (Orbit Energy):  Approx. 200 tons/day organic input  Wet digestion process  Methane- 3.2 MW combined with power production  Solid digestate- compost facility input  Has secured air permit and wastewater discharge permits  Still fine tuning process not up to speed Solar at Landfill

 RIDEM is encouraging solar arrays at landfills.  New Solid Waste Regulations may give some relief from stormwater and wetlands for solar on closed landfill footprint.  Tiverton landfill currently closing may use closure turf to facilitate solar.  Site with and without engineered cap are continuing to undergo solar development Regulatory Compliance at Solid Waste Facilities

 Management of waste in enclosed buildings  Management of leachate  Control  Odor Control For More Information:

Mark Dennen, CPG Supervising Environmental Scientist RIDEM/Office of Waste Management 235 Promenade St. Providence, RI 02908 tel. 401.222.2797 ext. 7502 fax 401.222.3812 e-mail: [email protected] Solid Waste Management Issues: Vermont

Cathy Jamieson

Solid Waste Program Manager Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation

Environmental Business Council of New England Energy Environment Economy EBC of New England Critical Solid Waste Issues

June 2020 Webinar Cathy Jamieson Solid Waste Program PFAS and Landfills

Critical Sustainability of Recycling Solid Waste Issues Climate Change / LCAs for Waste Reduction Vermont Food Waste SUPs / Purchase Info  Waste Streams

 Landfill Leachate and WWTFs Vermont  Leachate Treatment Options PFAS Sampling Studies www.dec.vermont.gov/pfas

Link to NEWMOA webinar with Kasey Kathan of VT DEC: http://www.newmoa.org/events/event.cfm?m=409 NEWSVT Waste Stream PFAS Sampling

Sanborn & Head Report (Oct 2019) Summary of Sum of 5 Regulated PFAS at all WWTF Facilities Sampled 180 Leachate 160 Influent Effluent and 140 120

WWTFs 100

PFAS 80

60

Sampling ppt PFAS 5 of Sum of Average 40 Weston & Sampson 20 Report (Jan 2020) 0  Requirement: Evaluate leachate treatment options for PFAS; recommend 2 onsite and 2 off-site options  Recommendations: PFAS  Direct Discharge to Surface Water – reverse osmosis followed by granulated activated carbon Leachate  Zero Liquid Discharge – leachate concentration (evaporation) Treatment  Pretreat leachate before WWTF Options  Enhance WWTF to treat all effluent  Challenges:  Treatment options concentrate or capture PFAS – residuals must be Brown & Caldwell stabilized or destroyed  Private public partnerships required for options at WWTF Report (Oct 2019)  No promulgated treatment or discharge standard – scoped for full removal of PFAS Sustainability of Recycling China Sword Commingled collection Contamination Mixed Messages MRF Wishcycling Automation

Multi- Market Packaging material Fluctuation Changes Packaging

High Volume Contamination Packaging is Changing / Complex Challenges Inability to influence product or packaging with design/choices Recycling Low value of materials, while costs are increasing If not recycled, then what? Add to disposal issues? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xzZ2fu38NTs&l ist=PLb5jIRj04Vi9K_60xb8nvmALZ74tEIiHs Vermont’s SUPs Ban Law:

Plastic Bags

Plastic Straws and stirrers Expanded Polystyrene  Banning sales of certain products or packaging,  Single Use items

States  Expanding Bottle Bills are considering …  Mandating post-consumer recycled content in certain products/packaging

 EPR for Printed Materials and Packaging 118 EPR Programs in 33 States and D.C.

To date, no state has passed EPR for paper & packaging. Consumption/ Disposal of Goods Climate Reduction Change and Food Waste Solid Waste SUP / Purchase Info EPA GHGe

Source: Opportunities to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Materials and Land Management Practices, US EPA -Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (September 2009) – http://www.epa.gov/oswer/ docs/ghg_land_and_materi als_management.pdf#22 System Based EPA GHGe

Reduction is Greatest Benefit

Same Source as previous slide Wasted Food and Food Waste Multiple Benefits For Diverting Food Waste  Phases for larger food generators, if there is a facility within 20 miles  2014 > 104 tons/year 2 tons/wk Vermont’s Mandatory  2015 > 52 tons/year 1 ton/wk Food Waste  2016 > 26 tons/year 1/2 ton/wk Diversion  2017 > 18 tons/year 1/3 ton/wk Law

 July 1, 2020 all food scraps banned from disposal regardless of distance How much plastic single-use products Single-Use are disposed? Products Legislation BBC Link:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science- environment-49011896 More to Come

Stay Tuned [email protected]