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Oldest Parts of NT: Paul’S Letters

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Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with you. Blessed are you among women, Ministry Formation Institute –Diocese of San Bernardino and blessed is the fruit XII Annual Theological Symposium of your womb, Jesus. April 27, 2013 Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now Fr. Felix Just, S.J., Ph.D. http://catholic‐resources.org and at the hour of our death. Amen. 1 2 1) Mary in the New Testament Surprisingly little on Mary (except in Luke & John) 2) Mary in the Early Church Debates about Jesus lead to teachings about Mary (Lunch break) 3) Development of Marian Dogmas Dignity of Mary is emphasized more & more 4) Mary in the Church Today Role model for believers, for living our FAITH 3 4 Oldest Parts of NT: Paul’s Letters Paul’s Letters . Letters by or attributed to Paul: Only one oblique reference in Gal 4 . Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians Four Gospels . Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians Mark: very little; quite negative! . 1 Thessalonians & 2 Thessalonians Matthew: a bit more, esp. at birth of Jesus . 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon Luke/Acts: much more, esp. Luke 1‐2 & Acts 1‐2 . Paul NEVER names Mary or even mentions the John: “mother”; only at Cana & Crucifixion Mother of Jesus Other NT Writings . Gal 4:4-5 – only allusion: Jesus was “born of a woman” Catholic Letters: no mention! . Cf. Rom 16:6 – a different “Mary” in the Church in Rome Revelation: woman clothed with the sun? . Other Pauline texts will later be indirectly relevant to Mariology 5 6 1 Galatians 4:1-7 (esp. vv. 4-5; NRSV transl.) Women in the 4 Gospels: Overview 1 My point is this: heirs, as long as they are minors, are no . Mark and Matthew: Fairly Few Women better than slaves, though they are the owners of all the . Some named, some anonymous, some fictional 2 property; but they remain under guardians and trustees . See http://catholic-resources.org/Bible/Synoptics_Women.htm until the date set by the father. 3 So with us; while we were minors, we were enslaved to the elemental spirits of the . LUKE: Many More Women, in Prominent Roles world. 4 But when the fullness of time had come, God sent . Some in stories from Mark (and usually also in Matthew) his Son, born of a woman, born under the law, 5 in . Some in stories from “Q” source (also in Matt, but not Mark) order to redeem those who were under the law, so that we . Many in stories found only in Luke (not in Matt or Mark) might receive adoption as children. 6 And because you are . JOHN: Fewer Women, but Highly Important Roles children, God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, . John’s Gospel overall has fewer but longer stories! crying, "Abba! Father!" 7 So you are no longer a slave but a child, and if a child then also an heir, through God. 7 8 The Mother of Jesus in MARK Jesus’ True Family . Jesus’ family (anonymous) in Mark 3:19b-21 . “Then he went home / and the crowd came together again, so that they could not even eat. / When his family heard it, they went out to restrain him, for people were saying, ‘He has gone out of his mind.’ ” (not in Matt, Luke, or John!) . Jesus’ mother (anonymous) in Mark 3:31-35 . “Then his mother and his brothers came; and standing outside, they sent to him and called him. / A crowd was sitting around him; and they said to him, "Your mother and your brothers [and sisters] are outside, asking for you." / And he replied, "Who are my mother and my brothers?" / And looking at those who sat around him, he said, "Here are my mother and my brothers! / Whoever does the will of God is my brother, and sister, and mother.’ ” . Similar in Matt 12:46-50; shorter in Luke 8:19-21 . Mary mentioned only indirectly (“off-stage”) in Mark 6:3 . “Is not this the carpenter, the son of Mary and brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon, and are not his sisters here with us?” (cf. Matt 13:54-58) 9 10 Women at the Cross in MARK Women at the Tomb in MARK . Mark 15:40-41 – Witnesses of Jesus’ Crucifixion . Mark 15:47 – Witnesses of Jesus’ Burial . “There were also women looking on from a distance; . “Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses saw among them were Mary Magdalene, and Mary the where the body was laid.” (again, not the Mother of Jesus) mother of James the younger and of Joses, and . Similar in Matt 27:61; anon. in Luke 23:55-56 Salome. / These used to follow him and provided for him when he was in Galilee; and there were many other . Mark 16:1-8 – Witnesses of the Empty Tomb women who had come up with him to Jerusalem” . “When the sabbath was over, Mary Magdalene, and . Similar in Matt 27:55-56; John 19:25-27; anon. in Luke 23:49 Mary the mother of James, and Salome bought spices, . No mention of Mary of Nazareth, mother of Jesus! so that they might go and anoint him…” . No women “near” or “at the foot of the cross” (only in John) . Similar in Matt 28:1-8; not named until Luke 24:10-11 . [Mark 16:9-11 – Jesus appears to two Marys – added 2nd Cent.] 11 12 2 Additional Women in MATTHEW ? Mary, Mother of Jesus, in MATTHEW . Overview: . Mary Named in Matthew’s Infancy Narrative (4x): . Four OT Women mentioned in Genealogy of Jesus . Matt 1:16 – Near end of Genealogy: “...Joseph the husband of MARY, of whom Jesus was born…” . Mary, mother of Jesus, mentioned in Infancy Narrative . Matt 1:18-25 – At the birth of Jesus: “When his mother . No additional named women characters in Matthew! MARY had been engaged to Joseph, but before they lived . A few new stories involving anonymous women together, she was found to be with child from the Holy Spirit... ‘Do not be afraid to take MARY as your wife… . Four OT Women in Genealogy (Matt 1:1-17): She will bear a son and you are to name him Jesus…’ . Tamar (Matt 1:3; see Gen 38) ‘Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son...’ (citing Isa 7:14 LXX). When Joseph awoke from sleep, he did . Rahab (Matt 1:5a; see Josh 2) as the angel of the Lord commanded him; he took her as . Ruth (Matt 1:5b; see Ruth 2–4) his wife, but had no marital relations with her until she . Wife of Uriah [Bathsheba] (Matt 1:6; see 2 Sam 11–12) 13 had borne a son; and he named him Jesus.” 14 Mary, Mother of Jesus, in MATTHEW More Women Characters in LUKE . Mary in Matthew’s Infancy Narrative (cont.): . Overview: . Matt 2:11a – At the Magi's Visit: “On entering the house, . Elizabeth & Mary they saw the child with MARY his mother; and they . Prophetess Anna knelt down and paid him homage.” . Widow of Nain . Matt 2:13, 14, 20, 21 – After being told in dreams, . Anonymous Sinner who anoints Jesus’ feet Joseph takes “the child and his mother” to Egypt, . Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Susanna and later returns to Israel (phrase used 4 times) . Martha & Mary of Bethany . Complete List (on Fr. Just’s website): . http://catholic-resources.org/Bible/Synoptics_Women.htm 15 16 Elizabeth & Mary in LUKE Annunciation (Luke 1:26-38) . Zechariah’s wife Elizabeth is named; both are said to be righteous in old age (Luke 1:5-7) Gustave Doré . Angel Gabriel and Zechariah each mention Elizabeth briefly (Luke 1:13, 18) . Elizabeth conceives and praises God for taking away her “disgrace” (being barren; Luke 1:24-25) . Annunciation: Gabriel visits Mary to proclaim Jesus’ birth; Mary agrees to do God’s will (Luke 1:26-38) 17 18 3 Annunciation to Mary (Luke 1:26-38) Annunciation (Luke 1:26-38, cont.) . In the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent by God to a town . 34 Mary said to the angel, “How can this be, since I am in Galilee called Nazareth, 27 to a virgin engaged to a man a virgin?” 35 The angel said to her, “The Holy Spirit will whose name was Joseph, of the house of David. The virgin's come upon you, and the power of the Most High will name was Mary. 28 And he came to her and said, “Greetings, favored one! The Lord is with you.” 29 But she was much overshadow you; therefore the child to be born will be 36 perplexed by his words and pondered what sort of greeting this holy; he will be called Son of God. And now, your might be. 30 The angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary, for relative Elizabeth in her old age has also conceived a you have found favor with God. 31 And now, you will conceive son; and this is the sixth month for her who was said to in your womb and bear a son, and you will name him Jesus. be barren. 37 For nothing will be impossible with God.” 32 He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Most High, 38 Then Mary said, “Here am I, the servant of the and the Lord God will give to him the throne of his ancestor Lord; let it be with me according to your word.” David. 33 He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and of his kingdom there will be no end.” Then the angel departed from her.
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