Background Statistics Local Statistics
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Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems Life Safety Systems, Technical Know-How M O R R I S O N H E R S H F I E L D Consulting Engineers and Managers May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems Background Statistics $6 billion annual cost of fire in Canada* $2.5 billion fire loss $3.5 billion cost of fire protection * cost does not include forest fires May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems Local Statistics $2.5 million in fire loss in 4 years Population doubled in last 5 years 60,000 people $66.4 million in permits annually Fires 34 residential fires 8 assembly fires 14 industrial buildings May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD 1 Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems Greater Expectations Placed on Science and Technology May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems Will Science and Technology Further Mitigate Fire Loss? With sustainable growth, new issues arise Rapid aging of society Decline in number of children Potential for large scale disasters May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems Historical products of the 20th century now face various problems in the 21st century May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD 2 Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems FOCUS Life Safety Solutions Life safety knowledge workers Our primary focus is to provide life safety solutions that protect society from the ravages of fire Understand the evolution of this technology Dynamics and trends towards future technology Improve the potential for making the right decisions today May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems FOCUS By looking at our past and present, we can develop solutions for the future milestone fire loss forensics codes and standards revisions history of society’s pressures May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems PAST May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD 3 Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems September 2, 1666 The Great Fire of London Small fire on Pudding Lane, in the bakeshop at one o'clock in the morning Turning point in fire risk management Developed concepts and practices that focused on ways to manage risk May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems The Great Fire of London Many contributing factors Lack of adequate fire divisions Untrained fire brigades Poor water supplies Inadequate fire-fighting technology Improper storage of combustible materials and hazardous products May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems Following this case, a greater emphasis was placed on science and technology Great fire of London triggered Improved building design technology Fire risk management and communications Initiation of a “Fire Office” to coordinate the use of technology to prevent a reoccurrence 238 Years later to Toronto in 1904 May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD 4 Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems April 19, 1904 Great Toronto Fire At 8:04 p.m., a police constable patrolling his beat in the area saw flames shooting skyward from the elevator shaft of the Currie Building, 58 Wellington St. and immediately turned in an alarm Before the resulting conflagration was extinguished, it destroyed approximately 100 buildings, causing a property loss of $10,350,000 May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems 1904 The Great Toronto Fire Many contributing factors Lack of adequate fire divisions Poor water supplies Inadequate fire-fighting technology Improper storage of combustible materials May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems Kilgour Brothers’ Fire Curtain Kilgour Brothers Building at 21-23 Wellington Street West Manufactured paper and cardboard products 1870s added two gravity-flow water tanks The tanks supplied water to the sprinkler system installed throughout the building Used the sprinkler system and water curtains to stop the spread of the fire and save Yonge May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD 5 Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems The 1906 Gamewell May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems The 1906 Gamewell An automatic style repeater Transmitted box alarms to all fire houses on the system Combination gong and indicator A battery control panel Allowed the sending of signals from "ghost boxes" to fire stations throughout the city May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems Limitations- 1906 Gamewell Unstable infrastructure System was not supervised Subject to electrical and mechanical failure Adversely affected by weather conditions Not provide clear indications of fire locations May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD 6 Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems GREAT TORONTO FIRE 1904 May have helped to mitigate the extent of the fire loss in 1904 May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems Following this case, a greater emphasis was placed on science and technology Great fire of Toronto triggered Improved building design technology Support for sprinklered buildings New fire stations and improved communications Relocation of telecommunication and electrical line to underground ducts to aid fire fighters Increase funding to coordinate the use of science and technology to prevent a reoccurrence May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems PPRREESSEENNTT May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD 7 Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems APPLICATION SPECIFIC SENSORY INCIPIENT SMOLDERING FLAME HEAT D E G PHOTO THERMAL R DETECTOR E E IONIZATION BEAM FLAME O DETECTOR SPRINKLER F MAJOR HAZARD L LINE MODERATE O HAZARD ASPIRATING THERMAL S LOW HAZARD S TIME May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems CONVENTIONAL CURRENT SENSING TECHNOLOGY End of Line Class “B ” A larm D evice Initiating Circuit Each discrete circuit is on a separate pair of wires May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems Conventional Electrical Logic Z 1 CO N T R O L Z 2 R ELA Y Field INPUT Z3 Z4 CO N T R O L R ELA Y May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD 8 Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems Digital Software Controlled Logic Z 1 CO N T R O L Z 2 R ELA Y A LA R M IN PU T Z 3 Z 4 CO N T R O L R ELA Y S oftw are May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems Computer Based Multi- Zone Fire Alarm Control Each active field module communicates with the CPU Computer Based Logic CPU May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems Computer Based Multiple Zone Data Communication Link “B” Addressable Alarm Initiating Circuit No End of Line Device Each detector reports its status May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD 9 Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems S oftw are Controlled Logic Control Z 1 CO N T R O L Z 2 R ELA Y A LA R M IN PU T Z 3 Z 4 CO N T R O L R ELA Y S oftw are May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems FUTURE May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems Cybernetic Research Intuitive Risk Analysis through adaptive modeling Real time Fire Response Plans Standardized Building Sensory Standardized Communication Protocols Performance Evaluation Tools Enhanced Human Machine Interface May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD 10 Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems Future National Institute of Science and Technology Policy Report for 2030 Technologies to be used in society Long-term prospect of the development of science and technology in Japan May 07 M O RR I S O N H ERS H F I ELD Past Present and Future Fire Alarm Systems Artificial organs to which human cells are incorporated & Gene Therapy for Emergency control system that cancers enables disaster monitoring, damage monitoring after disasters, and prompt handling by using disaster monitoring satellites, communication satellites, Recycling technology for GPS, unmanned drones, etc.