〔Med. Entomol. Zool. Vol. 69 No. 2 p. 67‒93 2018〕 67 DOI: 10.7601/mez.69.67

Revised keys to the esh ies of ailand, with the establishment of a new genus (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Hiromu Kurahashi1) and Chutharat Samerjai2)

* Corresponding author: [email protected] 1) Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1‒23‒1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162‒8640, Japan 2) Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intravaroros Road, Muang District, Chiang Mai 50200, ailand

(Received: 5 February 2018; Accepted: 17 May 2018)

Abstract: The collection of Sarcophagidae made by the first author during the surveys on flies of medical and forensic importance in Thailand from 2012 to 2016 is dealt with. A total 31 genera and 86 species of the flesh flies are listed. One new genus Komisca gen. nov. is established for Sarcophaga (s. lat.) nanensis Chaiwang, Sukontason & Sukontason, 2009. One little known species, Burmanomyia aureomarginata (Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979) n. com., is redescribed and illustrated. Revised identification keys to the species of Thai Sarcophagidae are provided to include the new genus and three newly recorded species discovered after the last work (Kurahashi & Chaiwong, 2013). General morphology, terminology and definition are provided for keys and redescription.

Key words: flesh flies, keys, new genus, Komisca gen. nov., Burmanomyia

Introduction Flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) include flies of medical and forensic importance, comprising 2,510 described species worldwide (Pape, 1996). In Thailand, Tumrasvin and Kano (1979) reported 19 genera and 48 species of the family Sarcophagidae. In 2013, Kurahashi and Chaiwong published a list of flesh flies consisting of 29 genera and 83 species. In addition, three species were newly recorded from Thailand (Chaiwong et al., 2015). During the field survey in Thailand from 2012 to 2016, we have examined a total 70 genera and 86 species of Thai flesh flies. Of these, we found two forms Sarcophaga (s. lat.), S. spinipenis and S. nanensis which comprise a new genus, and we established it herein the present paper. In the collection of the field surveys we found two specimens of a little known species, Sarcosolomonia aureomarginata Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979 which was based upon a single specimen from the central part of Thailand. We examined these specimens including the holotype and aimed to transfer them into the genus Burmanomyia Fan, 1964 based on comparative morphology of male genitalia. We redescribed this little known species in detail with illustrations and photographs. The previous keys of Kurahashi and Chaiwong (2013) are revised to include the new genus and rearranged by the current systematics. Materials and Methods Dried fly specimens examined in this study were collected and pinned by the authors and colleagues, and additional specimens preserved in museums and institutes below were available and studied by binocular microscopes. After 10% KOH treatment overnight, male and female genitalia were carefully disected and observed in detail. Abbreviations for institutions housing specimens are as follows: BPBM, Bishop Museum, Honolulu; CAS, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; DPCM, Department of Parasitology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai; NIID, Reference Museum, Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo; IRScNB, Zoological Institute, Louvain; MUTM, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok; NSMT, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba; PCHB, Personal collection of Hans Bänziger, Chiang Mai University; UM, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur; ZMUC, Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen; TMDU, Tokyo Medical and Dental University. All fly specimens of TMDU were already transfered to NSMT for a permanent preservation. Locality names of specimens examined are cited as shown on the label of specimens. Terminology mainly follows Senior-White et al. (1940), Sugiyama and Kano (1984) and new terminology is indicated in [ ]. Measurement of frons was performed in a similar manner to Fan (1965). Frons index is the same as Fan’s index. Definitions of descriptive terms also mainly follows Fan (1992). 68 Med. Entomol. Zool.

General Morphology, Terminology and Definition Morphological terminology generally follows the traditional ones which previous authorities used in their works (Rohdendorf, 1937; Senior-White et al., 1940; Fan, 1965; Kano et al., 1967; Lopes, 1977; Verves, 1979; Pape, 1987; Nandi, 2002), and some synonyms were selected for practical purpose. The adult morphology and the terminology used for descriptions are explained in Figs 1‒36 in Appendix. The modern and morphological terminology proposed in Manual of Nearctic Diptera (McAlpine, 1981) and followed by Rognes (1991), Pape (1994) and Verves (1998). The new terminology is also important in reading and understanding the description of their recent papers. These new morphological terms are shown in [ ]. For details, we referred to a text book such as Borror and DeLong's Introduction to the Studies of Insects, 7th edition where a comparison of these two terminologies is given. Interpretations of the veins behind M2 and a comparison of venational and thoracic terminologies are summarized in tables. Other important synonyms used by different authorities are also cited in ( ). The term “frons index” is the same as Fan's index and measurement of frons was performed in a similar manner to Fan (1965). Male and female sexual organs and terminology are illustrated and named mainly after Sugiyama and Kano (1984). All figures of general morphology in Appendix are drawn by the second author with representatives of the most common species, Boettcherisca nathani Lopes, 1971 in Thai Sarcophagidae.

External anatomy The Head takes the form of a hemispherical capsule with the compound eyes laterally. Its flat side towards the thorax, and connected thereto by a narrow and extremely mobile neck. The Eye (Compound eye) is the most conspicuous feature, and may occupy more than one-third of its surface in many species of the subfamily Miltogrammatinae. The eyes are widely separated by the frons or anterodorsal surface of the head capsule, a condition to which the term dichoptic is applied. In the males of some species, the eyes may be closely approximated on the frons, a condition which is termed subholoptic to distinguish it from the completely approximated or holoptic condition generally found in the male of Calliphoridae. The degree of separation of the eyes may be useful to identification of species. The presence or absence of hairs on the surface of the eye may useful for identification. The Antenna is paired, and the most noticeable appendage of the head. Its base is arisen from the middle of the anterior convex surface of the head. The antenna consists of three segments, the basal one “rst antennal segment or antennal segment 1, AS1 ” being smallest and terminal one “third antennal segment or antennal segment 3, AS3” [first flagellomere] the largest. The Arista (style, flagellum) is a filiform appendage of the third antennal segment. The arista may be bare or haired, in which latter case the hairs bear on a dorsal and ventral surface, a condition which termed “plumose” to distinguish it from the condition hairs in a dorsal row alone “pectinate”. A leaf-like flatted arista observed in the male of Phylloteles is one of peculiar cases. The Ocellar triangle is a small raised area of the dorsal surface of the head-capsule. The Ocellus is a simple eye. Usually three occelli are developed and arranged close together within the ocellar triangle. The size of anterior ocellus and the width of ocellar triangle (or a distance between posterior two ocelli) are often used for comparing the width of frons changed with the development of eyes. The Ptilinal suture (frontal suture) is a suture in the form of an inverted U lying close to the base of antennae. The arms of the U are extending down on either side of antennae. This is the most important characteristics of the Muscomorpha to distinguish it from other higher taxa of Diptera. The Muscomorphous fly accomplishes this suture by evagination of a sack-like ptilinum after the fly is emerging from the puparium. After eclosion the evagination is completely withdrawn, but the suture remains clearly visible. The Peristome (epistome, epistoma, stoma) is the lower edge of the head-capsule immediately surrounding the buccal cavity, to which, incidentally, the term peristome has often been applied. The term Epistome best restricted to actual rim of the face in front view. The mouth-parts consist of a soft and retractile proboscis and the Palpus whose shape, size and colour often offer very useful taxonomic characters. The Occiput is the whole surface of the back of the head towards the thorax. Some authors restrict the term to that part of this surface which lies above a horizontal line drawn through the foramen of the neck, and in this case the term Succiput is applied to the lower portion. The Frons is the anterodorsal surface of the head capsule extending from the upper margin of the occiput, around the ocellar triangle, forward and down between the compound eyes to the ptilinal suture. It may be taken to end at a line drawn horizontally through the bases of antennae although there is no morphological character to define its lower limits. The frons is subdivided into several regions for the sake of taxonomic description. The Vertex is that part of the frons on the top of the head immediately around the ocellar triangle and in front of the occiput. Its posterior margin joins the vertical margin of the occiput. Its anterior margin is not clearly defined. The Frontal stripe (frontal vitta, frontalia) is a clearly defined part of the frons running down from the vertex in Vol. 69 No. 2 2018 69 front of the ocellar triangle to the ptilinal suture. Its shape and colouration are important to distinguished species. In some cases of males, it is reduced to a fine median line passing down at the middle of the frons. The ratio of its width to adjacent parts is sometimes noted for description. The Parafrontal [fronto-orbital plate] (one of parafrontalia, parafrontale, orbit) constitutes the rest of frons on either side, and extend from the vertex down between the eye and the frontal stripe to an arbitrary line drawn horizontally through the bases of the antennae. The Parafacial (one of parafacialia, parafaciale) is that areas joining the parafrontal below an arbitrary line drawn horizontally through the antennal bases which is bounded by the ptilinal suture and the anterior margin of the eye. The Face is the region of the head-capsule which, bearing the antennae, is enclosed by the ptilinal suture and limited ventrally by the epistome or the anterior margin of the peristome. The part just above the insertion of the antennae is called the Lunule (Lunula). The antennae are sometimes separated by the Facial carina (median carina, keel). The Facial ridge (one of facialia) is lateral to the antennae and extends downwards along ptilinal suture towards the epistome. The Gena (jowl, bucca, cheek) is that area on either side of the head-capsule lying above the peristome and below the parafacial. The Postgena (metacephalon) is the hairy narrow part at the posterior lower corner of head capsule. TheMediana is a term that has been applied to a naked part between parafacial and anterior part of gena. The Vibrissarium is a term that has been applied to a setulosed part around Vibrissa. The Postorbit is the narrow stripe of head-capsule behind the compound eyes and in front of the occiput joining up the gena below and the parafrontal and the vertex above. The orax is morphologically composed of three segments. These are the Prothorax, bearing the anterior pair of legs, the Mesothorax, with the middle pair of legs and the wings, and the Metathorax, bearing the hind legs and the halteres. The entire visible dorsal surface is composed of what is morphologically the mesotergite although it is usually referred to as the Mesonotum (dorsum, disc). The mesonotum is superficially divided into three distinct parts which serve as useful information in describing the features of the thoracic dorsum. The Scutellum is the hindmost section of the dorsal surface of the thorax. The Postscutellum (postnotum, metanotum) is a convexity of the thoracic wall beneath scutellum and above the junction of the thorax with the abdomen. The relatively undeveloped condition of postscutellum is one of the characteristics of Sarcophagidae. The Scutum is that portion of the thorax which is anterior to the scutellum, from which it is demarcated by a deep groove. The scutum also has a shallow groove on its surface named as the Transverse suture. The anterior portion or presutural area is sometimes named as the Prescutum to distinguish it from the postsutural one, and in this case the term scutum is applied to the posterior one. The transverse suture is very important as a reference point in describing the features of the thorax. The Spiracle (one of stigmata, one of stomata) is the opening on the tracheal system. There are two on the lateral walls of the thorax, the Mesothoracic (prothoracic) and Metathoracic spiracles. The colouration of spiracles, actually of flaps is of taxonomical importance. The Propleuron [proepisternum] is the area of the lateral wall of the thorax just anterior to the mesothoracic spiracle. The hairy or naked conditions of this plate must be noted for classification. The Pteropleuron [anepimeron] is a large, somewhat convex plate beneath the root of the wing. The bristles on the pteropleuron are more or less important in classification. The Mesopleuron [anepisternum] is also a large plate in front of the pteropleuron. The arrangement of bristles and pollinosity on it are also become important in classification. The Sternopleuron [katepisternum] is a large, triangula, slightly convex plate at the root of the mid leg. The arrangement of the Sternopleural bristles is characteristic of Sarcophagidae. The Hypopleuron [katepimeron+meron] is another lateral area just behind the pteropleuron. The presence of bristles on it is an important character to separate Sarcophagidae from Scathophagidae, Anthomyiidae and Muscidae. The Prealar knob (subalar knob) is a small knob that can be seen just below the wing. The prealar knob is a part of the pteropleuron, but its shape and the presence or absence of hairs on it have systematic significance. The Postalar declivity is a kind of trough found below the edge of the scutellum, running up from the root of the wing above the line of attachment of the squama. The presence or absence of hairs on it should be noted. The Suprasquamal ridge is a ridge that runs along the ventral side of the postalar declivity. The squama appears to attach to it. The Supraspiracular convexity [katatergite] is a convex bulge which locates just above the metathoracic spiracle. The hairiness on it is important to distinguish some groups in the Calliphoridae. The Pleurotergite [anatergite] is another bulge below the thoracic squama and above the base of halter. The presence or absence of setulose hairs on it is sometimes useful for taxonomy. The Wings: The venation of the wing seems to be very constant within the family Sarcophagidae as shown in Appendix (Fig. 20). However, good specific characters are often found in the rows of setulae which exist on the 70 Med. Entomol. Zool. upper or lower sides, or both, of certain veins. Proportions of the costal sections (CS) and colourations of the Epaulet [tegula] and the Basicosta are good characters and must be examined for description. Colouration of the wing membrane into patterns is rarely found in the genus Phyloteles, Miltogrammatinae. An accessory lobe of wing, the Alar squama (upper squama), is developed near its root and joins a more broad lobe, the oracic squama (lower squama) at base. The thoracic squama covers the halter, and its shape and hairiness on upper surface have some systematic value. Three pairs of Legs, Fore, Mid and Hind legs, are well developed, but show remarkably few modifications in Sarcophagidae. It is only in the chaetotaxy of the legs that useful characters are found. In describing the chaetotaxy of a dipteran leg certain conventions are required. The leg is considered as if spread out at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body, and as if each segment was of square, and not of round, or elliptical in cross section. There are thus anterior and posterior, dorsal (superior) and ventral (inferior) sides, and positions for bristles are simply shown as the anterodorsal bristle (ad), even in case of intermediate positions between the four main surfaces. Individual species, moreover, show special developments, often sexual dimorphisms, in this respect. In some species in the Miltogrammatinae, the male has fine long hairs on the fore tarsus. In many species of the tribe Sarcophagini, the male has strong hair fringes on the ventral (inferior) surface of the hind femur and tibia, sometimes also on the mid femora and tibia. The hair fringes often become double and develop on both anteroventral and posteroventral surfaces of femora and tibiae. The Abdomen consists of four visible segments in Sarcophagidae. The dorsal part of the visible surface consists of the Tergites which pass well down the sides of the abdomen and on to the ventral surface. The median part of the ventral surface morphologically consists of smaller sclerites or the Sternites. The first visible segment consists of the combined tergite 1+2 and sternites 1 and 2 in the sarcophagids. The sternite 2 is enlarged and overlapping tergite 1+2 in Sarcophagidae, and not reduced and submerged beneath the tergite 1+2 as in Tachinidae. The shape and the vesture of bristles or spines on sternite 5 are very useful to identify the male of sarcophagids. The visible tergites bear marginal and discal bristles whose positions may be important in the Sarcophagid classification. The remaining segments comprise the postabdomen which is modified to the sexual organs for copulation and larviposition. The male postabdomen shows the modification and differentiation among the subfamilies of Sarcophagidae. In the subfamily Sarcophaginae, the first large dorsal sclerite behind the tergite 5 is usually termed the First genital segment

(GS1) in taxonomical descriptions and has been morphologically considered the circumvested and combined sternite 7+8. The following dorsal sclerite is taxonomically called the Second genital segment (GS2) and morphologically named the Epandrium. The tergite 6 is disappeared between tergite 5 and GS1 in the subfamily Sarcophaginae whereas it remains developed in front of GS1 in the Miltogrammatinae. The tergite 6 is amalgamated with GS1 in the subfamily Paramacronychiinae. Both states of the tergite 6 are considered to be derived from that of the subfamily Miltogrammatinae in a different way of evolution. The sexual organs are called the Genitalia and often collectively called the Hypopygium (terminalia). The genitalia highly modified in both sexes, and in the male afford characters of the greatest value in separating species in the Sarcophaginae which are often inseparable by the other external ones. The female genitalia are greatly modified to lay larvae in the sarcophagids, and also afford good characters in identifying the problematic species. They will be considered below.

Male genitalia Examination of the Male genitalia is of preeminent importance to identify the sarcophagine species which have a very similar external appearrance to each other. Their external structure must be referred in some details to understand the phylogenetic relationships among the species groups in the family. Fundamentally, they consist of modifications of the tergites 6‒10 and their appendages. The tip of the abdomen has a pair of processes, the Cerci (mesolobes, inner forceps, superior claspers) which are apparently identical with the anal cerci of the primitive insects. They are highly chitinized and downwardly directed in the most species of Sarcophagidae, but bent posteriorly at median portion in the tribe Protodexiini. The anus opens above them. The Surstylus (paralobe, outer forceps, accessory clasper) is more or less developed exterior and slightly anterior to the cercus, but not developed at all in certain genera. The surstylus is always much less strongly chitinized than the cercus, and are morphologically considered to be outgrowth of the pleural margin of epandrium. The first genital segment (GS1) serves as a sheath for the Aedeagus (phallosome, penis), and retracted into the body of the abdomen, appearing from outside as a small and frequently glossy, chitinous knob at apex. The tips of cerci are likewise inserted beneath the aedeagus, into the cavity of GS1. The Aedeagus is the general term for the copulatory and ejaculatory apparatus. The aedeagus consists of three parts, apodeme, theca and phallus.

1. The Apodeme is observed in the second genital segment (GS2) after dissecting and removing male genitalia. The Ejaculatory apodeme attaches the end of the vas deference. The shape of the ejaculatory apodeme is characteristic in some species, but its sclerotization changes according to age after eclosion. The Aedeagal apodeme is connected with Vol. 69 No. 2 2018 71 the base of theca. 2. The eca [basiphallus](phallophore) is a sclerotized tube uniting the aedeagal apodem to the phallus. The theca is generally articulated with the corpus of phallus, but totally amalgamated in some tribes such as Paramacronychiini, Goniophytoini and Raviniini. 3. The Phallus [distiphallus](phallosome) is placed at the apex of the theca and usually articulated with it. Several important structures are developed for copulation and modified in different species. The detailed illustration of the following components is very useful for identification of species and understanding the phylogenetic relationships. a) The Corpus [paraphallus] is the posterior part of outer wall of the phallus. It is symmetrically sclerotized but the median portion is usually membranous or less sclerotized. The degree of sclerotization varies in species. b) The Juxta [acrophallus] (apical plate) is a shovel-like sclerotization at apicoposterior part of the phallus. The juxta is usually distinguished from the corpus by the memberanous zone, but sometimes both are amalgamated to become one piece of sclerite. The aedeagus of the subfamily Miltogrammatinae lacks the juxta. c) The Juxtal process (process of apical plate) is a paired prolongations projected anteriorly from the base of the juxta, but sometimes not developed in groups and species. d). TheVentralia [hypophallic lobe](vesica of some authors) is the antero-proximal flap-like appendage of the phallus projecting forward from basal membranous portion of the phallus. The size, degree of sclerotization and number of lobes is various by groups and species. The ventralia is usually a single paired structure, but rarely bifid at its base. e) The Vesica [ventral plate](harpe of some authors) is an antero- to anteroventral extension of sclerous corpus. It usually arises at anterior extension of corpus. f) The Harpe [paraphallus] is an posteroventral extension of sclerous corpus. g) The Median process is an internal structure between the base of the right and left styli, and attached to the median portion of inner surface of the juxta as generally observed in the tribe Sarcophagini. The tribes Raviniini and Protodexiini lack this structure. The median process is important to understand the phylogeny of the subfamily Sarcophaginae. The apical prolongation of median process is sometimes specified and called as Capitis (Roback, 1954). h) TheCap is a paired symmetrical sclerotization curved into the phallus from the base of ventralia. The cap is developed in some species of the tribe Sarcophagini. i) The Stylus (lateral filament) is a paired ejaculatory apparatus observed beside median process in the phallus. The base of stylus is usually coil-like in appearance and its body is often slender sclerous tube in the tribe Sarcophagini. This tube is made of two thin rounded sclerous stripes. The Raviniini lack stylus. In the Protodexiini, it is a paired small process projecting from the base of juxta. The stylus is also important to consider the phylogeny of the subfamily Sarcophaginae. j) The Dorsal rod is a paired sclerotized rods arising from lateral sides of the phallic tube to the base of ventralia. This sclerotization is observed only in the tribe Raviniini. The dorsal rod is considered to be an advanced form of ventral sclerotization. k) The Phallic tube is a prolongation of membranous phallus and located between dorsal rods and its orifice is sclerotized. It is observed in the primitive sarcophagine flies such as the tribe Raviniini. l) The Ventral sclerotization is a paired sclerotized plate observed in the hypothetical phallus of the family Sarcophagidae. The basal end is attached to the apex of corpus. Each arm runs medially and anteriorly. The ventral sclerotization seems to be modified in differentiation of each tribe.

Female genitalia The female postabdomen, which is modified to form the so-called Ovipositor or Larvipositor, almost without exception appears to have the four visible segments. The first segment has the well sclerotized tergite 6 6(T ) and sternite 6 (ST6), accompanying two pairs of spiracles (sp 6 & sp 7). The second, third and fourth segments usually have more or less developed tergites 7‒8 (T7‒T8) and sternites 7‒8 (ST7‒ST8), but tergite 9 and sternite 9 are disappeared. The last sternite, probably sternite 10 has been named the Subanal plate (SBAP). In the most species of Sarcophagid flies, the subanal plate has no Lingula which surround the genital pore and may be derived from the sternite 9. The last tergite is named supraanal plate (SPAP), which seems to be derived from tergite 10 or tergite 9+10. Exterior to the supraanal plate are the Cerci. The anus opens between SPAP and cerci. The genital pore opens apparently between ST8 and SBAP in the most species of Sarcophagidae while it is found between ligulae of SBAP in the oviparous flies of Calliphoridae.

Abbreviations of morphological terms used in text and/or gures:

General morphology:

AS1, AS2, AS3=first, second, third antennal segment 72 Med. Entomol. Zool.

CS1, CS2, CS3=first, second, third costal section C=costa ce=cercus

GS1, GS2=first, second genital segment hy=hypandrium ep=epandrium (=GS2) ST1‒ST10=abdominal sternites 1‒10 ss=surstylus

T1‒T10=abdominal tergites 1‒10

Wing venation:

R1=first longitudinal vein R2+3=second longitudinal vein R4+5=third longitudinal vein r-m=anterior cross vein

M or M1+2=fourth longitudinal vein CuA1=fifth longitudinal vein A1+CuA2=sixth longitudinal vein A2=axillary vein dm-cu=posterior cross vein

Male terminalia: a=aedeagus dr=dorsal rod aa=aedeagal apodeme h=harpe(s) ea=ejaculatory apodeme mp=median process p=phallus cap=cap c=corpus s=stylus j=juxta pt=phallic tube jp=juxtal process(es) t=theca v=vesica vs=ventral sclerotization vn=ventralia

Abbreviations for chaetotaxy:

Head: acoc=accessory ocellar bristle(s) iv=inner vertical bristle(s) oc=ocellar bristle(s) occ=occipital hair-like seta(e) ori=frontal bristle(s) ors=fronto-orbital bristle(s) ov=outer vertical bristle(s) poc=postoccipital bristle(s) pooc=postocellar/postvertical bristle(s) poor=postorbital/postocular bristle(s)

Thorax: ac=acrostichal bristle(s) dc=dorsocentral bristle(s) Vol. 69 No. 2 2018 73 h=humeral bristle(s) ia=intra-alar bristle(s) n=notopleural bristle(s) pa=postalar bristle(s) ph=posthumeral bristle(s) pp=propleural bristle(s) prs=presutural bristle(s) pst=prostigmatal bristle(s) sa=supra-alar bristle(s) sc=scutellar bristle(s) st=sternopleural bristle(s) hp=hypopleural bristle(s) dsc=discal scutellar bristle(s) msc=marginal scutellar bristle(s)

Legs: a=anterior/anterolateral bristle(s) ad=anterodorsal bristle(s) av=anteroventral bristle(s) d=dorsal bristle(s) p=posterior/posterolateral bristle(s) pd=posterodorsal bristle(s) pv=posteroventral bristle(s) v=ventral bristle(s)

Abdomen: db=discal bristle(s) mb=marginal bristle(s)

Width, height. length and angle: WF=width of frons WH=width of head/head width WE=width of eye/eye width WP=width of parafacial WAS3=width of 3rd antennal segment HE=height of eye/eye height HG=height of gena HH=height of head/head height LE=length of eye/eye length LH=length of head/head length AF=frontal angle AV=vibrissal angle

Ratio and index: frons index=WF/WH ratio of WAP=ratio of width of anterior to posterior part of frontal stripe

Denition of Armature and Ornament (mainly followed aer Fan, 1992) The Hair: Generally smaller and thinner than the bristle, however it can be bent. The Bristle: Straight and thick hair. Hair socket is found at the base, usually the base is thicker than the tip. Position, number, length and tendency are fixed and clear; however, there are variations. If the bristle is broken, tendency can be determine by the edge of hair socket; the edge where hair socket grow higher is the bristle grow direction. The Seta: Hard and straight hair, the big one can as big as bristle, while the small one can as small as the hair at the vein of wing; smaller seta called setula. Some of the researcher used “seta” as bristle. The Macrochaeta: Huge hair, is a combination of bristle and big seta. The Microchaeta: Tiny hair, usually only able to be observed under the dissecting microscope with enlargement 74 Med. Entomol. Zool. of high magnification. The Fringe: Thin and long hair, curl at the tip, usually grow in high density and in row; for example the hair of tibia, hind leg of Sarcophagidae. Sometimes “fringe” is used as hair at edge of certain body part and this named as “marginal fringe”. The So hair: Soft hair with high density, for example, body hairs in “Hypoderma”. The Villi: High density, short and soft hair. The Cilia: Very thin and small hair, however, able to be observed under the dissecting microscope with lower magnification. The Pubescence: Unclear thin, soft with high density hair when observe under the dissecting microscope with enlargement of low magnification. The Tomentum: Two meanings. First, independent curly hair like soft hair of sheep. Second, modified scales, short and flat hair, usually small and overlap to each other, however, independent hair structure can be observed after enlargement, this named “scaled hair”. The Pollen/Pollinosity/Pruinosity/Tessallation: Very tiny with high density small scales, forming a piece of outer surface powdered patch. These patches will reflect differently under different light intensity, for example the greyish pollinosity on abdomen usually produces a checkered/ tessellate pattern/tessallation in the Sarcophagidae. The Pile/Pilosity: Hair which grow to become pieces at the outer surface of the body. The Piliferous spots/Setigerous spots: When hair which grow on the pollen, pollinosity or pruinosity, spot surrounding of the hair socket which lack of pollen, pollinosity or pruinosity. The Spine: Very big, thick, hard and straight structure; smaller one called spinula. The Ctenidium: Rows of short, straight and with high density of thorn-like bristles; for example on mid femur of some males in Sarcophagidae. The Teeth: Structure of teeth-shape or calcareous projection on the body wall; for example this structure often observed on ventral surface of fore femur in Hydrotaea (Diptera: Muscidae). The Patch: Pieces of regular or irregular markings. Formation of marking is because the surface of the body having different colour based, and also due to lack of or having; high or low density; thick or thin of various structures (e.g. pile, scaled hair, pollen) on the body surface. The colour of pollen, stripe and band, especially at the dorsal of thorax and abdomen, will change with different light intensity, therefore, for the description of marking colour, the light source must be directed to the fly at 90 degree. So that, both sides (left and right) of fly receive equal light intensity and the observant must look from top of the fly at 90 degree (same direction with light source). The black and white checkerboard-like pattern on the abdomen of Sarcophagidae is an example of marking of pollen. The marking formed by the dense villi is called “marking of villi” . The marking formed by dense cilia is called “marking of cilia” while the marking formed by the dense seta is called “marking of setae/bristles”. Lastly, the marking formed by dense spine is call “marking of spines”. The Stripe/Vitta: The marking formed parallel (elongated) with the body. The Band/Fascia: The marking formed across (90 degree) the body.

Diagnosis of Sarcophagidae The family Sarcophagidae can be recognized by the combination of following characteristics: Head: dichoptic in both sexes, but frons of male usually more or less narrower than that of female; eyes never closely approximated at narrowest point of frons, consist of almost uniform facets in ♂; ptilinal or frontal suture distinct; antennae consist of 3 segments, 2nd segment (AS2) with longitudinal cleft on outer surface; 3rd segment (AS3) largest and bearing arista as terminal style. Thorax: black, not metallic, more or less greyish pollinose, with more or less distinct dark longitudinal stripes, usually 3 broad black ones, with complete transverse suture; postscutellum not developed, not convexed; outer posthumeral bristle (ph) located even with or mesad of presutural bristle (prs); notopleural bristles (n) generally 4, rarely 2; hypopleuron with row of bristles (hp) along posterior margin.

Wings: well developed, longer than thorax; sixth longitudinal vein (A1+CuA2) extending more than 1/2 way to wing margin, but not reaching margin; fourth longitudinal vein (M, M1+2) bend forward with an angle and meet third longitudinal vein (R4+5); 1st posterior cell (r4+5, r5) narrowed or closed apically; thoracic or lower squama well developed, lobulate, concealing halter. Legs: tip of tarsus with two pulvilli and claws, without pulvilliform empodium. Abdomen: black, not metallic, more or less covered with greyish pollinosity which usually produces a tessellate pattern; sternite 2 (ST2) enlarged and overlapping tergites. Female-Larviparous. These characters are important criteria to distinguish the Sarcophagidae from other two-winged flies or Diptera. Vol. 69 No. 2 2018 75

Keys Key to the families of Calyptrate muscoid ies from ailand 1. Hypopleuron with row of bristles ·························································································· 2 ̶ Hypopleuron without row of bristles ······················································································ 4 2. Postscutellum strongly developed ············································································· Tachinidae ̶ Postscutellum not developed ······························································································· 3 3. Notopleural bristles (n) 2‒3, body often metallic ························································ Calliphoridae ̶ Notopleural bristles 4, rarely 2; body not metallic; thorax often with black stripes on grey background ················································································································ Sarcophagidae 4. Scutellum with fine, erect hairs on center of ventral surface ···········································Anthomyiidae ̶ Scutellum without fine hairs on center of ventral surface ······························································ 5 5. Sixth longitudinal vein (A1+CuA2) not reaching wing margin; sternopleural bristles (st) 1‒3 ··················· 6 ̶ A1+CuA2 reaching wing margin; only 1 sternopleural bristle ·······································Scathophagidae 6. A1+CuA2, if extended, meeting A2 before wing margin ····················································· Fanniidae ̶ A11+CuA2, if extended, not meeting A2 ········································································Muscidae

Key to the subfamilies of ai Sarcophagidae 1. Hind coxa hairy on posterior surface; n 4, two strong primary bristles, two smaller subprimary bristles; sternites 3 to 4 fully exposed and overlapping ventral margins of corresponding tergite ···························· ······························································································Subfamily SARCOPHAGINAE ̶ Hind coxa bare on posterior surface; n 2; sternites 3 to 4, more or less concealed by ventral margin of corresponding tergite ········································································································ 2 2. Arista plumose or pubescent; hypopygium large; GS1 amalgamated with tergite 6 with row of erect marginal bristles [No record from Thailand] ··············································Subfamily PARAMACRONYCHIINE ̶ Arista bare or pubescent; hypopygium small; tergite 6 free, not amalgamated with GS1 ····························· ·····················································································Subfamily MILTGOGRAMMATINAE

Subfamily Miltogrammatinae Key to the tribes and genera 1. Mesothoracic spiracle open, without operculum; legs long, bristly, with elongated claws in ♂; parafacial and gena broad, hairy; oral margin in profile not projecting forward; body covered with pale dusting, sometimes having long ovipositor exserted; length 5‒10 mm [No record from Thailand] ·············· Tribe Macronychiini ̶ Mesothoracic spiracle covered with operculum; legs short, usually with short claws, sometimes with elongated ones in ♂ of Senotainia; but in this case epistomal margin in profile angulated, and body length not more than 6 mm; colouration variable, often with pale spots in contrast with black bands and spots··················· 2 2. Head hemi-spherical; eye very large; numerous fine proclinate and 1‒2 strong reclinate fronto-orbital bristles (ors) present (Kurahashi, 1970: fig. 1C) ····························· Tribe Amobiini, Amobia Robineau-Desvoidy (2 spp.) ̶ Head subquadrate or conical; eye usually normal or very large in size; 0‒4 (proclinate)+1‒3 (reclinate) ors (Kurahashi, 1970: fig. 1A & B) ····························································································· 3 3. Head conical: eye very large; ors 2+3 (Kurahashi, 1970: fig. 1D) ······ Tribe Metopiini, Metopia Meigen (7 spp.) ̶ Head subquadrate; eye usually normal in size; ors 0‒4+1‒2 (Kurahashi, 1970: 95, fig. 1A, B) ························· 4 4. Claws and pulvilli long in both sexes (Kurahashi, 1970: fig. 2A), sometimes normal in ♀; abdominal tergites with three spots on dorsum ············································ Senotainia Macquart, S. navigatrix (Meijere) ̶ Claws and pulvilli normal in both sexes (Kurahashi, 1970: fig. 2B); abdominal tergites either with three spots or dark marginal band, or with three spots and dark marginal bands forming mountain-shaped marks, or tessellate, sometimes with three dark spots··············································································· 5 5. Eye bare; arista not flattened, usually elongate or rod-like; abdominal tergites with dark marginal band or tessellation ···················································································· Tribe Miltogrammatini…7 ̶ Eye hairy, if bare, then arista flattened, leaf-like in ♂; abdominal tergites with three dark spots ··················· ·········································································································Tribe Phyllotelini…6 6. Arista not flattened in ♂; abdominal tergites with three black elongated, round or triangular spots··············· ············································································· Hoplocephala Macquart, H. linearis Villeneuve ̶ Arista flattened, leaf-like in ♂; abdominal tergites with three dark spots [No record from Thailand] ············· ·············································································································· Phylloteles Loew 7. Vibrissa present on vibrissal angle high above oral margin ···························································· 8 ̶ Vibrissa absent ············································································ Miltogramma Meigen (4 spp.) 76 Med. Entomol. Zool.

8. Fronto-orbital bristles (ors) fine; gena broad, not narrow than width of frons (WF); scutellum without hairy

dark spot on lateral sides; tergites 3‒4 (T3‒4) each with three dark spots posteriorly; notopleuron bare ··········· ································································ Eremasiomyia Rohdendorf, E. macularis (Wiedemann) ̶ Fronto-orbital bristles (ors) developed; gena narrower than WF; scutellum with metallic hairy spot on lateral

sides; T3‒4 distinctly marginal banded; notopleuron hairy ················ Protomiltogramma Townsend (2 spp.)

Key to the species of Amobia 1. Basicosta yellow; thoracic dorsum with distinct three longitudinal stripes ··················· A. auriceps (Baranov) ̶ Basicosta blackish; three longitudinal stripes indistinct ·········································· A. quatei Kurahashi

Key to the species of Protomiltogramma

1. Third antennal segment (AS3) elongate, slightly more than 5× as long as second antennal segment (AS2); postgena clothed with black hairs; T5 with well developed tuft of bristles on posteroventral margin in ♂ ······· ······························································································P. komi Kurahashi & Chaiwong ̶ AS3 moderate in length, slightly more than 2.5× as long as AS2; postgena clothed with white hairs; T5 without distinct tuft of bristles, but several bristles present along posteroventral margin in ♂ ······························· ······················································································ P. kabkaewae Kurahashi & Chaiwong

Key to the species of Miltogramma

1. AS3 largely orange yellow, at least on inner surface······································ M. angustifrons (Townsend) ̶ AS3 entirely fuscous brown to black ······················································································· 2 2. Basicosta black or fuscous black, sometimes reddish-brown; male tarsomeres 2‒4 of fore leg without long hairs on dorsal surface ·············································································· M. iberica Villeneuve ̶ Basicosta yellow; male tarsomeres 2‒4 of fore leg with long hairs on dorsal surface (Chaiwong et al., 2015: fig. 1d) ······································································································ M. tibita Chao & Zhang

Key to the species of Metopia 1. Basicosta black ··············································································································· 2 ̶ Basicosta yellow ·············································································································· 3 2. Vein R1 bare ·························································································M. sauteri (Townsend) ̶ Vein R1 setulose ···················································································· M. nudibasis (Malloch) 3. Tergite 1+2 with erect, sometimes decumbent median mb; silvery pollinosed part of parafrontal abruptly demarcated from posterior dark portion ················································································· 4 ̶ Tergite 1+2 without median mb; silvery pollinosed part of parafrontal with gradual transition to posterior dark portion ·················································································································· 5 4. Anterior part of frontal stripe distinct to lunule; row of frontal bristles continuous and not interrupted in ♂ (Povolny & Verves, 1997: fig. 86) ···························································M. tschernovae Rohdendorf ̶ Anterior part of frontal stripe linear; row of frontal bristles less distinct, completely interrupted in ♂ (Povolny & Verves, 1997, fig. 88) ········································································M. argyrocephala (Meigen) 5. Alar and thoracic squamae white; parafrontal and parafacial with silver pollinosity in ♀; body with silver-grey pollinosity (Povolny & Verves, 1997: fig. 87) ··················································· M. argentata Macquart ̶ Alar and thoracic squamae yellowish white; parafrontal and parafacial with yellowish-silver to golden pollinosity in ♀; body with yellowish- to golden pollinosity··························································· 6 6. Frontal stripe moderately broad, parallel-sided even on anterior part of frons in ♂; cross vein m-m curved,

sigmoid; vein R1 bare in ♀; apical section of vein M1+2 from m-m to bend shorter than basal section in ♀ ····· ································································································ M. yunnanica Chao & Zhang ̶ Frontal stripe very narrow, nearly linear in ♂; cross vein m-m straight in ♀; vein R1 usually with 1-2 black setulae in ♀; apical section of vein M1+2 from m-m to bend subequal to basal section in ♀ ··········· M. suifenhoensis Fan

Subfamily Sarcophaginae Key to tribes and genera 1. Arista pubescent, hairs not exceeding width of arista; st 1+1; body densely silver-grey dusted; abdomen weakly tessellated (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 48) ·· Leucomyia Brauer & Bergenstamm, L. alba (Schiner) ̶ Arista long plumose, plumose hairs longer than width of arista; st 1+1+1, rarely median one weakly developed or absent in Helicophagella melanura; body more or less darkened, grey pollinose, abdominal pollinosity produce irregular checkered patterns or tessellation, but sometimes dark spots and median stripe in ♀ of Blaesoxipha spp. ···································································································· 2 Vol. 69 No. 2 2018 77

2. Row of ori nearly straight in dorsal view [No record from Thailand] ··················································· ············································································ Tribe Raviniini, Ravinia Robineau-Desvoidy ̶ Row of ori distinctly diverging at lunule ·················································································· 3 3. Presutral ac strong, usually arranged in distinct row, from anterior to posterior part of presutural area: male cercus distinctly bent back; female sternites 7‒8 fussed and often form sclerotized ovipositor shovel-shaped, blade-like, or recurving beneath abdomen; SPAP vestigial, but with pair or pairs of setulae; male sternite 5 without spine-like bristles along inner margins of lateral lobes ·········· Tribe Protodexiini, Blaesoxipha Loew ̶ Presutural ac absent, at most relatively weakly developed ac present on anterior and/or posterior prescutellar areas; ♂: sternite 5 usually with spine-like bristles along inner margins of lateral lobes; cerci usually curving anteriorly. ♀: sternites 7-8 of separate sclerites and form short ovipositor for larviposition; SPAP usually absent ································································································Tribe Sarcophagini…4 4. Gena almost entirely clothed with yellowish white hairs ······························································· 5 ̶ Gena clothed with black hairs at least in part, largely on anterior part or entirely ·································· 6 5. AS3 blackish; palpus blackish; GS1 blackish in ♂ ···················································Komisca gen. nov. AS3 and palpus yellowish orange; GS1 reddish in ♂ ······································································ ·································· Liopygia Enderlein, L. rucornis (Fabricius) (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 14) 6. Postsutural ac absent or rarely present, but fine or weak ······························································· 7 ̶ Postsutural ac distinct, developed ························································································· 9 7. Gena entirely clothed with black hairs; propleuron hairy; male stenite 5 with conical projection medially (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 42) ··························· Rosellea Rohdendorf, R. khasiensis (Senior-White) ̶ Gena usually clothed with yellowish white hairs posteriorly, if entirely with black hairs, then, propleuron bare; male ST5 without conical median projection ············································································ 8 8. Male GS2 reddish; male hind femur without long fine curled hairs (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 40) ········· ···································································· Bercaea Robineau-Desvoidy, B. africa (Wiedemann) ̶ Male GS2 black; male hind femur with fine long hairs which are longer than width of femur and curled apically; female tergite 6 of two narrow sclerites ·············································· Robineauella Enderlein 9. Postsutural dc 3 or 4, each bristle subequal in length ·································································· 10 ̶ Postsutural dc 5, sometimes 6‒7, anterior 3‒5 bristles less developed than hindmost two and gradually decreased in length toward transverse suture ··········································································· 15 10. Postsutural dc 3 ··········································································· Myorhina Robineau-Desvoidy ̶ Postsutural dc 4 ············································································································· 11 11. Propleuron bare ············································································································· 13 ̶ Propleuron hairy; tergite 6 in ♂divided into two broad lateral sclerites with mb ································· 12 12. Yellowish white hairs on gena not extending forward to line drawn from posterior margin of eye; male sternite 4 usually with posterior pad of dense shorter clothing setae or upstanding long hairs, rarely without pad or upstanding long hairs in S. montana; aedeagus with slender stylus; pregonite bifurcate ····························· ································································································· Sarcorohdendora Baranov ̶ Yellowish white hairs on gena extending forward to line drawn from posterior margin of eye; male sternite 4 without pad or upstanding long hairs posteriorly; aedeagus with stout stylus; pregonite not branched ··········································································································Lioproctia Enderlein 13. Fronto-orbital bristles (ors) 0+2 in ♂, 2+2 in ♀, posterior two ors reclinate and not cruciate, ori inclinate and cruciate, anterior 2 proclinate in ♀ (Fig. 1a); medium sized flies, 8.5‒10.0 mm; body slender; hind tibia without fringe; female T8 of two separated vestigial sclerites; female ST8 membranous, with setulose hairs ············································Sarcosolomonia Baranov/Fengia Rohdendorf, F. ostindicae (Senior-White) ̶ Fronto-orbital bristles (ors) 0+1 in ♂, 2+1 in ♀, posterior one reclinate, anterior 2 in ♀ proclinate (Fig. 1b); large sized flies; body rather stout, more than 11 mm; male hind tibia with fringe well developed on both antero- and postero-ventral surfaces ····················································································· 14 14. Male sternite 5 with small chitinous protuberance on middle part of ventral surface; gena clothed with black hairs, but intermixed with yellow hairs posteriorly (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 44) ···························· ··································································································Phallosphaera Rohdendrof ̶ Male sternite 5 without such small chitinous protuberance on middle of ventral surface; gena clothed with black hairs only ·························································································Burmanomyia Fan 15. Vein R1 setulose (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 47) ···································································· ·································································Alisarcophaga Fan & Chen, A. gressitti (Hall & Bohart) ̶ Vein R1 bare ······································································································································16

16. Propleuron hairy ············································································································ 17 78 Med. Entomol. Zool.

Fig. 1. Frontal bristles (ori) and fronto-orbital bristles (ors) on female frons. ̶ a, Sarcosolomonia rohdendor Nandi; b, Burmanomyia sp.

̶ Propleuron bare ············································································································· 18 17. Scutellum without discal scutellar bristle (dsc); male sternite 4 without remarkable hairs on median part of posterior margin; ventralia not globose, without seration; hind tibia with well developed fringe on posteroventral surface (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 1) ······························································ ································································Hosarcophaga Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, H. serrata (Ho) ̶ Scutellum with one pair of dsc; male ST4 with rather long hairs on median part of posterior margin; ventralia large, globose, with serration and numerous minute spines; hind tibia without developed fringe on posteroventral surface in ♂, rarely with poorly developed fringe in part ·············································· ·········································································Boettcherisca Rohdendorf/Rosellea Rohdendorf 18. Mid tibia without fringe in ♂; female T6 incomplete, divided into two lateral narrow sclerites with mb ······· 19 ̶ Mid tibia with fringe more or less developed in ♂; female T6 developed, of complete plate, with row of strong mb ····························································································································· 20 19. Vein R1 with distinct row of black setulae on basal 1/2 of dorsal surface; costal spine rather long, longer than 2× width of costa. ♀: ST8 present; T8 of two small vestigial sclerites (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 33) ······· ············································································Asceloctella Enderlein, A. calicifera (Böttcher) ̶ Vein R1 without setulae on dorsal surface; costal spine short, often not distinctly developed. ♀: ST8 usually absent; T8 of single or two narrow sclerites ·······Parasarcophaga Johnston & Tiegs/Sinonipponia Rohdendorf 20. Gena largely clothed with black hairs anteriorly; sternite 4 densely haired posteriorly in ♂ ····················· 21 ̶ Gena largely clothed with yellowish white hairs; sternite 4 without mat of hairs, but entirely with fine long hairs in ♂ (Nandi, 2002: figs. 886‒890) ······················································ Iranihindia Rohdendorf 21. Mid tibia with well developed fringe on entire length and 2 ad medially in ♂; hind tibia usually with well developed fringe, but without av in ♂; tergite 6 in ♀ prominent in lateral view, of complete sclerite without median cleft (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 46) ·········· Seniorwhitea Rohdendorf, S. princeps (Wiedemann) ̶ Mid tibia with poor fringe on apical 1/3 and 1 submedian ad; hind tibia with poorly developed fringe on apical 2/3 and 1 strong av in ♂ (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 45) ·················································· ···································································Harpagophala Rohdendorf, H. kempi (Senior-White)

Tribe Protodexiini Key to the species of Blaesoxipha 1. Tergite 3 with strong median mb; st 2+1 ················································································· 2 ̶ Tergite 3 without median mb; st 1+1 ····················································································· 3 2. Palpus orange to dark brown; AS2 orange (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 30) ·············· B. pachytyli (Skuse) ̶ Palpus and AS2 blackish (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 34) ································· B. rupes (Macquart) 3. Cercus in ♂ bent backward medially; aedeagus with spinose vesica; pregonite enlarged, curved upright (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 32) ··········································B. thailandica Shinonaga & Tumrasvin ̶ Cercus in ♂ not bent backward medially; aedeagus without spinose vesica; pregonite slender (Tumrasvin and Vol. 69 No. 2 2018 79

Kano, 1979: 31) ·······················································································B. unicolor Villeneuve

Tribe Sarcophagini The postsutural dc 3 group

Key to the species of Myorhina

1. Cell R5 closed at wing margin; fore tibia with 2 bristles on posterior surface (1 p and 1 pv) ························· ···············································································M. (Kalshovenella) otiophalla (Fan & Chen) ̶ Cell R5 open; fore tibia with 1 p ···························································································· 2 2. Costal section 5 (CS5) setulose along anterior margin on less than basal 1/2; hind tibia with 1 av, with fringe of several fine long hairs medially on antero- and postero-ventral surfaces (Chaiwong et al., 2015) ·················· ························································································· M. situliformis (Zhong, Wu & Fan) ̶ CS5 setulose along anterior margin along more than basal 1/2, at most almost entirely; hind tibia with 2 av, without fringe on postero-ventral surfaces ··············································································· 3 3. Upper and lower lobes of ventralia projecting forward in parallel direction in lateral view. (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 41) ······················································M. (Pseudothyrsocnema) caudagalli (Böttcher) ̶ Upper and lower lobes projecting to different direction, directed at right angle in lateral view [No record from Thailand] ········································································M. (Pseudothyrsocnema) crinitula (Quo)

The postsutural dc 4 group

Key to the species of Sarcosolomonia/Fengia 1. Tergite 3 with median mb; cercus with subapical spines in ♂; mid tibia with 1 a (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 29) ························································································S. shinonagai Kano & Sooksri ̶ Tergite 3 without median mb; cercus in ♂ without subapical spines ················································· 2 2. Vein R1 setulose; gena clothed with yellow hairs posteriorly; female T8 present, of two narrow lateral sclerites; female ST8 membranous, setulose; female ST9 present, triangular-shaped ··········································· 3 ̶ Vein R1 bare; gena entirely clothed with black hairs or with yellow hairs posteriorly······························· 4 3. Pregonite with flange; ventralia bifid at apex in ♂ (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 24) ··· S. rohdendor Nandi ̶ Pregonite without flange; ventralia pointed at apex (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 27) ··························· ······················································································· S. trifulcata Shinonaga & Tumrasvin 4. Gena entirely clothed with black hairs; hind tibia fringed on apical 2/3 of anteroventral and posteroventral surfaces, sometimes not typically fringed, only with 4‒5 fine long hairs on anteroventral surface, with 1 av; thoracic squama fuscous on disc (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 38) ············Fengia ostindicae (Senior-White) ̶ Gena with yellow hairs posteriorly; hind tibia without fringe on posteroventral surface, with 2 av; thoracic squama entirely pale brown (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 25)··································S. crinita (Parker)

Key to the species of Burmanomyia 1. Abdomen with golden pollinosity on tergites 4‒5 ··················· B. aureomarginata (Shinonaga & Tumrasvin) ̶ Abdomen with greyish pollinosity on tergites 4‒5 ······································································ 2 2. Mid tibia with v; male hind tibia with fringe on entire length; alar squama creamy, with tuft of yellowish white hairs at inner lower margin ···································································· B. beesoni (Senior-White) ̶ Mid tibia without v; male hind tibia fringed on apical 1/2 of anteroventral and posteroventral surfaces, with 1 av (Pape and Bänziger, 2003: fig. 7‒10) ······················································B. suthep Pape & Bänziger

Key to the species of Phallosphaera

1. Three rows of black postocular setae regular; AS3 3× as long as AS2; cercus large widely broadened on dorsal surface and curved at apical 1/2, without tuft of long hairs near apex (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 39) ······ ······················································································ P. kurahashii Shinonaga & Tumrasvin ̶ Only one row of regular black postocular setae; AS3 4× as long as AS2; cercus in ♂ not so broad, stretched, with tuft of long hairs subapically (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 44) ················· P. g rav ely i (Senior-White)

Key to the species of Lioproctia 1. Abdomen with yellowish golden pollinosity on tergites 4‒5 (Pape and Bänziger, 2000: figs. 1‒3) ·················· ····························································································· L. saprianovae Pape & Bänziger ̶ Abdomen ordinally with greyish pollinosity on tergites 4‒5 (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 36) ················· ···································································································· L. pattoni (Senior-White) 80 Med. Entomol. Zool.

Key to the species of Sarcorohdendora 1. Wing yellowish orange basally (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 22) ··························· S. seniorwhitei (Ho) ̶ Wing hyaline ················································································································· 2 2. Male sternite 4 with patch of spine-like bristles posteriorly ···························································· 3 ̶ Male sternite 4 without such patch ························································································ 5 3. Parafacial densely golden pollinose; epandrium/ male genital segment 2 (GS2) black shining; hairs on sternite 4 long, equal in length to those of sternite 3; inner ridge of posterior surface of cercus with some fine long hairs and outer ridge with spines; ventralia two-wave-like shaped and its apical portion hook-like (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: 23) ·························································· S. multivillosa (Shinonaga & Tumrasvin) ̶ Parafacial silvery grey pollinose, newly with yellowish grey tinge; GS2 reddish orange; hairs on sternite 4 much shorter than those of sternite 3; inner ridge of posterior surface of cercus bare, only with spines at outer ridge; ventralia well developed ···································································································· 4 4. Male cercus without spines on anterobasal corner (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 15); lateral process of juxta with two small petal-like lobes; stylus shorter than juxta ······································ S. inextricata (Walker) ̶ Male cercus with 1‒3 spines on anterobasal corner (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 18); lateral process of juxta with straight and slender apex; stylus longer than juxta ································· S. antilope (Böttcher) 5. Mid tibia without v; gena largely clothed with yellowish hairs except for a few black ones on anterior extremity (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 21) ···········································S. montana (Shinonaga & Tumrasvin) ̶ Mid tibia with v; gena largely clothed with black hairs anteriorly (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 36) ··········· ···························································································Lioproctia pattoni (Senior-White)

The postsutural dc 5 group

Key to the species of Boettcherisca 1. Gena clothed with black hairs only ························································································ 2 ̶ Gena more or less with yellowish hairs posteriorly ······································································ 3 2. Thoracic squama fuscous on disc; alar squama with tuft of fuscous hairs on inner lower margin; GS2 blackish (Kurahashi and Tan, 2009: fig. 2) ······················································ B. highlandica Kurahashi & Tan ̶ Thoracic squama pale, white on disc; alar squama with tuft of yellowish white hairs on inner lower margin; GS reddish (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 17) ·························································· B. javanica Lopes 3. Abdomen golden pollinose on tergites 3‒5 (Pape and Bänziger, 2000: figs. ‒4 5) ····································· ····························································································· B. krathonmai Pape & Bänziger ̶ Abdomen greyish pollinose on tergite 3‒5 ··············································································· 4 4. Yellow genal hairs extending forward to level of line drawn from posterior margin of eye; juxta of aedeagus with rounded apex; pregonite elongate, slender; spines on apical part of cercus not extending to dorsal surface (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 19) ··············································· B. peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy) ̶ Yellow hairs not extending forward to level of line projecting from posterior margin of eye; juxta two- lobulated apically; pregonite rather stout; spines on apical part of cercus extending to dorsal surface (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 20) ····································································B. nathani Lopes

Key to the species of Robineauella 1. Gena with yellowish white hairs posteriorly (Kurahashi & Chaiwong, 2013: fig. 2) ·································· ······················································································R. thailandica Kurahashi & Chaiwong ̶ Gena clothed with black hairs only ························································································ 2 2. Mid tibia with 2 ad (Rohdendorf, 1966: figs. 1‒2) ··················································R. coei Rohdendorf ̶ Mid tibia with 1 ad (Fan, 1992: fig. 1369) ··················································R. pseudoscoparia (Kramer)

Key to the species of Komisca gen. nov. 1. Tergite 4 without median mb ··································· K. nanensis (Chaiwong, Sukontason & Sukontason) ̶ Tergite 4 with median mb ···················································· K. spinipennis (Shinonaga & Tumrasvin)

Key to the species of Iranihindia 1. Tergite 3 with strong mb; stylus long and blunt ············································ I. martellatoides (Baranov) ̶ Tergite 3 without median mb; stylus short and pointed ································ I. martellata (Senior-White)

Key to the species of Parasarcophaga (only for ♂) 1. Palpus at least yellowish orange apically ·················································································· 2 Vol. 69 No. 2 2018 81

̶ Palpus fuscous brown to black ····························································································· 3 2. Palpus entirely yellowish orange; propleuron bare (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 4) ······························ ························································································P. (Parasarcophaga) misera (Walker) ̶ Palpus yellowish, darkened on basal 1/3; propleuron sometimes hairy (Kurahashi and Sukontason, 2004: fig. 1) ············································································ Sinonipponia komi Kurahashi & Sukontason 3. Sternite 4 conspicuously haired; mid femur without comb-like posteroventral bristles; hind tibia never fringed (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 2) ····························· P. (Kanomyia) bangkokensis Shinonaga & Tumrasvin ̶ Sternite 4 sparsely haired; mid femur with comb-like posteroventral bristles on apical part; hind tibia usually fringed ························································································································· 4 4. Ventralia pedunculated ····································································································· 5 ̶ Ventralia not pedunculated ································································································· 7 5. One row of postocular setae present; gena with only a few black hairs at foremost anterior part; hind femur without fringe; ac 1+1 (Tumrasvi and Kano, 1979: fig. 3)··········P. (Parasarcophaga) taenionota (Wiedemann) ̶ Three rows of black postocular setae present, only first row regular; gena with numerous black hairs anteriorly; hind femur with fringe; ac 0‒1+1 ························································································· 6 6. Hind tibia with 1 av (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 5) ····················P. (Parasarcophaga) albiceps (Meigen) ̶ Hind tibia without av (Rohdendorf, 1937: figs. 274‒275) ············· P. (Parasarcophaga) hirtipes (Wiedemann) 7. Sternites 2‒3 with dense long hairs, length of which longer than that of each sternites (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 6) ········································································ P. (Liosarcophaga) javana (Macquart) ̶ Hairs on sternites 2‒3 shorter than length of each stenite ······························································ 8 8. Hind tibia without fringe ··································································································· 9 ̶ Hind tibia with fringe ······································································································ 12 9. Juxta small, with lateral processes, bifid at apex (Tumrasin and Kano, 1979: fig. 8) ·································· ············································································P. (Liosarcophaga) scopariiformis (Senior-White) ̶ Juxta elongated, with median apophysis ················································································· 10 10. Mid tibia with 1‒2 ad; membranous lobe of juxta rod-like, blunt at apex (Fan, 1992, fig. 1393) ···················· ····································································································P. (Curranea) iwuensis Ho ̶ Mid tibia with 1 ad; membranous lobe of juxta divergent and curled at apex ······································ 11 11. Wing infuscated especially along veins; ventralia beak-shape apically (Fan, 1992, fig. 1391)························ ····························································································· P. (Curranea) hinglungensis Fan ̶ Wing hyaline; ventralia with ring-like head (Fan, 1992: fig. 1392) ················· P. (Curranea) yunnanensis Fan 12. Only 1 row of black postocular setae present ··········································································· 13 ̶ More than one row of black postocular setae present ·································································· 14 13. Cercus enlarged dorsally and with small spines along anterior margin of dorsal surface; ventralia composed of 2 lobes, lower one serrated; lateral arm of juxta pointed at apex (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 9) ·············· ································································· P. (Liosarcophaga) amplicercus Shinonaga & Tumrasvin ̶ Cercus normal in shape, not enlarged dorsally and without spines; ventralia composed of 1 lobe; lateral arm of juxta bifid at apex (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 13) ·························P. (Liosarcophaga) dux (Thomson) 14. Black genal hairs located only in anterior part of gena; cercus beak-shape at apex (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 11) ················································································· P. (Liosarcophaga) brevicornis (Ho) ̶ Black genal hairs extending to postgena beyond anterior 1/2 of gena; cercus pointed at apex (Tumrasvin and Kano, 1979: fig. 16) ····································································P. (Liosarcophaga) idmais (Séguy)

New Taxon Komisca Kurahashi & Samerjai gen. nov. (Figs. 2a‒b) Type species: Sarcophaga nanensis Chaiwong, Sukontason & Sukontason, 2009

Etymology The name (gender: feminine) is composed of the word “Kom”, the name of Professor Kom Sukontason, Department of Parasitology, Chiang Mai University and the suffix “-isca” derives from Latin word “Musca”, meaning “fly”. It means “Kom’s fly”.

Diagnosis ♂. Body elongate in ♂, stout in ♀; head dichoptic in both sexes; frons index 0.19‒0.21 (M=0.19, n=3) in K. nanensis, 0.18‒0.20 (M=0.19, n=5) in K. spinipenis; antenna long, but not reaching to vibrissae; arista long- 82 Med. Entomol. Zool.

Fig. 2. Komisca nanensis (Chaiwong, Sukontason & Sukontason), female habitus. ̶ a, Dorsal view; b, lateral view.

Fig. 3. Komisca nanensis (Chaiwong, Sukontason & Sukontason), female terminalia. ̶ a, Female genitalia (larvipositor), caudal view; b, spermatheca, one of three. plumose; propleuron bare; prosternum hairy posteriorly; ac 0+1; postsutural dc 5, hindmost 2 strong; st 1+1+1; vein R1 bare; mid tibia fringed on apical 1/2 of ventral surface; hind tibiae fringed on ventral surface of entire length; tergite 3 (T3) without median mb; sternite 5 (ST5) of V-shaped; theca of normal shape; membranous region present between theca and harpe; juxta not differentiated; apical 1/2 of harpe less sclerotized and spinosed (usually 1‒4); vesica (lateral plate) developed, strongly sclerotized; ventralia of single lobe, small, strongly sclerotized; stylus straight, without coiled base; shape of aedeagus very characteristic, as shown in Fig. 5A (Chaiwong et al., 2009). ♀: Frons index 0.28 in K. nanensis; abdomen broad, oval (Figs. 2a‒b); terminalia (larvipositor) characteristic as Vol. 69 No. 2 2018 83

shown in Figs. 3a‒b; T6 of single complete sclerite; T8 (probably 7+8+9 combined tergite) of single narrow sclerite; sternite 7+8 (most probably ST7+ST8 amalgamated), lobulated, somewhat concaved medially; spermatheca of electric bulb-like shape, but with global head and sculptured long neck (Fig. 3b).

Anity The type species clearly represents a new genus of the tribe Sarcophagini (Subfamily Sarcophaginae). It seems to be close to Iranihindia martellata (Senior-White, 1924), but it differs from that species by the shape of male and female terminalia, especially in the shape of aedeagus, larvipositor and spermathecae.

New Combination Burmanomyia aureomarginata (Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979) n. comb. (Figs. 4a‒f) Sarcosolomonia aureomarginata Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979: 140, fig. 5. Type Locality: Erawan waterfall, Kanchana Buri, Thailand.

Redescription ♂.̶Head: dichoptic; eyes bare, separated by broad frons; frons index 0.19‒0.20 (n=2); frontal stripe black; parafrontal densely grey pollinose, with fine black setulae along anterior eye margin, with row of about 12ori ; parafacial more than width of 3rd antennal segment in lateral view, densely yellowish-grey pollinose, blackish setulose along anterior eye margin, upper setulae fine, lower 2‒3 more or less strong; face black, densely grey pollinose, without median carina; facialia concolorous with face, blackish setulose on lower 2/3 above vibrissa; mediana narrow, black, densely yellowish-grey pollinose, bare; vibrissarium very narrow, black, more or less grey pollinose, with several black setulae; vibrissa strongly developed; epistome not projecting forward from level of vibrissa, brownish, grey-pollinose; gena black, grey pollinose, largely clothed with black hairs except some yellow

Fig. 4. Burmanomyia aureomarginata (Shinonaga & Tumrasvin), male habitus and copulatory aparatus. ̶ a, Habitus, dorsal view; b, habitus, lateral view; c, habitus, frontal view; d, male terminalia, lateral view; e, epandirum, cercus and surstylus, caudal view; f, fifth sternite, ventral view. 84 Med. Entomol. Zool.

Fig. 5. Burmanomyia aureomarginata (Shinonaga & Tumrasvin), male genitalia. ̶ a, Pregonite and postgonite, lateral view; b, aedeagus, lateral view; c, surstylus and cercus, lateral view; d, surstylus and cercus, caudal view. ones posteriorly; postgena concolorous with posterior part of gena, entirely clothed with yellowish hairs; 2nd antennal segment blackish, subshining; 3rd antennal segment blackish, pubescent, slightly more than 5.0× as long as 2nd; arista black, shinning, long plumose on basal 1/2. Palpus slender, black, with black setulae. Thorax: black, grey pollinose, with 3 black longitudinal stripes on scutum; humerus, postalar callus and scutellum concolorous with scutum; prosternum hairy on posterior 1/2; propleuron bare; supraspiracular convexity bare; mesopleuron clothed with black hairs; mesothoracic and metathoracic spiracles blackish. Chaetotaxy: ac 5+1, hindmost presutural ac strong; dc 4+4; ia 1+2‒3, hindmost 2 postsutural ia strong; h 3, also with several fine bristles; ph 2; prs 1; sa 5 (including 3 strong and 2 fine interstitials or 1 fine additionals; pa 2; st 1+1; sc 3+2, 1 discal scutellars sometimes fine or absent; n 4 (including 2 strong and 1 fine additionals and 1 fine interstitials); pp 1, accompanied with several fine additionals; pst 1, accompanied with 1 fine additionals. Wings: hyaline; veins blackish; epaulet black; basicosta yellowish; subcostal sclerite yellowish brown, pubescent; vein R1 bare; node of veins R2+3 and R4+5 with a few black setulae below; vein R4+5 with black setulae more than 1/2 way from node to anterior cross vein r-m above; vein M bent with right angle; Cell r4+5 open; costal section 3 (CS3) longer than CS5; CS5 with short spines along anterior margin on basal 1/3. Alar squama whitish; thoracic one whitish with small patch of fuscous brown on disc, bare on upper surface, with white margin and pale fringe. Haltere brown. Legs: black, fore femur with 2 rows of pd, row of long pv; fore tibia with row of 4‒5 ad and 1 p at apical 1/3; mid femur with numerous fine long hairs on basal 2/3 of posteroventral surface, length slightly more than width of femur, 4‒5 a present along median longitudinal line, 2 av medially, 2 p-pd apically; mid tibia with 1 ad, 1 p, 1 pd and 1 pv present on apical 1/3, 2 pd basally; hind femur with row of ad and a, hind tibia with 2 strong ad, 1 av, 2 pd, fringed on apical 2/3 of anteroventral to posteroventral surfaces. Abdomen: black, yellowish grey pollinose on tergite 3, golden pollinose on tergites 4‒5, tessellate, strongly brownish or dull golden tinged on tergites 4‒5; tergites 1+2‒3 without median, but with 1‒2 lateral mb; tergite 4 with median and 3 lateral mb; tergite 5 with row of mb; sternite 5 Y-shape, with tuft of bristles on inner base of lateral lobes, GS1 fuscous black, grey pollinose, without mb; clothed with rather fine long hairs; GS2 black shining, GS1 and GS2 with numerous fine black, rather long hairs. Hypopygium as shown in Figs. 4d‒f and 5a‒d. ♀. Unknown Length: 13.0‒14.0 mm. Material examined. THAILAND: Holotype ♂, Kanchana Buri, Erawan water fall, 500 m, 10.x.1975, H. Kurahashi (NSMT); THAILAND: 1♂, Chiang Mai, Muang, Doi Suthep-Pui, 918 m, 13.xi.2009, K. Moophayak (NSMT); 1♂, Chiang Mai, Hang dong, Ban Pong, 512 m, 6.x.2016, T. Sasai (DPCM). Remarks. This species is similar to Burmanomyia beesoni from the northern Thailand, but can easily be distinguished form it by the characteristic male genitalia. Bionomics. Unknown. Distribution. Thailand. Checklist The following is the species list of Thai Sarcophagidae mainly based upon specimens examined, but partly upon published records in the case of no available material. Attempt has been made to analyze the flesh fly fauna of Thailand. Most species seem to be so-called Oriental Vol. 69 No. 2 2018 85 elements (79%), followed by Palaearctic (2%), Pantropical or cosmopolitan (2%) and Afrtotropical ones (1%). Fourteen species (16%) seem to be endemic in Thailand and adjacent areas.

Subfamily Miltogrammatinae Tribe Amobiini

Amobia auriceps (Baranov, 1935) Amobia quatei Kurahashi, 1974

Tribe Miltogrammatini

Eremasiomyia macularis (Wiedemann, 1824) Hoplacephala linearis Villeneuve, 1929 Miltogramma angustifrons (Townsend, 1933) Miltogramma iberica Villeneuve, 1912 Miltogramma tibita Chao & Zhang, 1988 Protomiltogramma kabkaewae Kurahashi & Chaiwong, 2007 Protomiltogramma komi Kurahashi & Chaiwong, 2007 Senotainia albifrons Rondani, 1859 Senotainia navigatrix (Meigen, 1910) Taxigramma multipunctata (Rondani, 1859)

Tribe Metopiini

Metopia argentata Macquart, 1850 Metopia argyrocephala (Meigen, 1824) Metopia nudibasis (Malloch, 1930) Metopia sauteri (Townsend, 1932) Metopia suifenhoensis Fan, 1965 Metopia tshernovae Rohdendorf, 1955 Metopia yunnanica Chao & Zhang, 1988

Subfamily Sarcophaginae Tribe Protodexiini

Blaesoxipha pachytyli (Skuse, 1891) [Tumrasvin & Kano, 1979: 164] Blaesoxipha rupes (Macquart, 1839) Blaesoxipha tailandica Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979 [Tumrasvin & Kano, 1979: 165] Blaesoxipha unicolor Villeneuve, 1912 [Tumrasvin & Kano, 1979: 165]

Tribe Sarcophagini

Leucomyia alba (Schiner, 1868)

The postsutural dc 3 group

Myorhina caudagalli (Böttcher, 1912) Myorhina globovesica (Ye, 1980) Myorhina lanna (Pape & Bänziger, 2003) [Pape & Bänziger, 2003: 52] Myorhina melania Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979 [Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979: 139] Myorhina (Kalshovenella) otiophalla (Fan & Chen, 1981) Myorhina situliformis (Zhong, Wu & Fan, 1982)

The postsutural dc 4 group

Burmanomyia aureomarginata (Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979) Burmanomyia beesoni (Senior-White, 1924) 86 Med. Entomol. Zool.

Burmanomyia suthep Pape & Bänziger, 2003 Fengia ostindicae (Senior-White, 1924) Lioproctia pattoni (Senior-White, 1924) Lioproctia saprianovae (Pape & Bänziger, 2000) Phallosphaera gravelyi (Senior-White, 1924) Phallosphaera kurahashii Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979 Sarcorohdendora antilope (Böttcher, 1913) Sarcorohdendora inextricata (Walker, 1859) Sarcorohdendora montana Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979 Sarcorohdendora multivillosa Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979 Sarcorohdendora seniorwhitei (Ho, 1938) Sarcosolomonia circa (Pape & Bänziger, 2003) [Pape & Bänziger, 2003: 50] Sarcosolomonia crinita (Parker, 1917) Sarcosolomonia rohdendor Nandi, 1976 Sarcosolomonia shinonagai Kano & Sooksri, 1977 Sarcosolomonia trifulcata Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979 [Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979: 140]

The postsutural dc 5 group

Alisarcophaga gressitti (Hall & Bohart, 1948) Asceloctella calicifera (Böttcher, 1912) Bercaea africa (Wiedemann, 1824) Boettcherisca highlandica Kurahashi & Tan, 2009 Boettcherisca javanica Lopes, 1961 Boettcherisca krathonmai (Pape & Bänziger, 2000) Boettcherisca nathani Lopes, 1961 Boettcherisca peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) Harpagophalla kempi (Senior-White, 1924) Hosarcophaga serrata (Ho, 1938) [Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979: 152] Iranihindia martellatoides (Baranov, 1931) Iranihindia martellata (Senior-White, 1924) Komisca nanensis (Chaiwong, Sukontason & Sukontason, 2009) Komisca spinipenis (Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979) Liopygia rucornis (Fabricius, 1794) Parasarcophaga albiceps (Meigen, 1826) Parasarcophaga amplicercus Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979 Parasarcophaga bangkokensis (Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979) [Shinonaga & Tumrasvin, 1979: 138] Parasarcophaga brevicornis (Ho, 1934) Parasarcophaga dux (Thomson, 1869) Parasarcophaga hinglungensis Fan, 1964 Parasarcophaga hirtipes (Wiedemann, 1830) Parasarcophaga idmais (Séguy, 1934) Parasarcophaga iwuensis Ho, 1934 Parasarcophaga javana (Macquart, 1851) Parasarcophaga misera (Walker, 1849) Parasarcophaga scopariiformis (Senior-White, 1927) Parasarcophaga taenionotata (Wiedemann, 1819) Parasarcophaga yunnanensis Fan, 1964 Robineauella anchoriformis (Fan, 1964) Robineauella coei Rohdendorf, 1966 Robineauella pseudoscoparia (Kramer, 1911) Robineauella thailandica Kurahashi & Chaiwong, 2013 Rosellea khasiensis (Senior-White, 1924) Seniorwhitea princeps (Wiedemann, 1830) Sinonipponia hainanensis (Ho, 1936) Sinonipponia komi Kurahashi & Sukontason, 2004 Vol. 69 No. 2 2018 87

Acknowledgements The present authors wish to express their appreciation to Dr. K. Sawabe, Director, Department of Medical Entomology, for offering working facilities during CS study in National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo. For the recent field surveys in Chiang Mai area, the authors thank to Prof. Dr. K. Sukontason and Prof. Dr. K. L. Sukontason, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University for offering an opportunity to study the Sarcophagid fly fauna of Thailand. We would like to thank Asst. Prof. Dr. N. Bunchu, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Thailand; Asst. Prof. Dr. T. Chaiwong, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchatani, Thailand and Dr. K. Moophayak, Mahidol University Nakhonsawan Campus, Nakhonsawan, Thailand for the field surveys and kind assistance. The second author (CS) thank to colleagues: Dr. T. Klongklaew, Mr. S. Sanit, Ms. N. Sontigun, Ms. K. Limsopatham, Ms. S. Suwannayod and Mr. T. Sasai for their kind assistance during the field survey. The second author (CS) was financially supported by the Thailand Research Fund through the International Research Network: “Pest Insects and Arthropods in the Urban Settings” (IRN5803PHDW02). References Chaiwong, T., Sukontason, K. and Sukontason, K. L. 2009. Two new species of Sarcophaga s. lat. from Thailand with a key to species (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J. Med. Entomol., 46: 986‒993. Chaiwong, T., Kurahashi, H., Sanit, S., Moopayak, K. and Sukontason, K. L. 2015. Three Sarcophagid species (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) newly recorded in Thailand. Trop. Biomed., 32: 625‒635. Fan, Z. 1965. Key to the Common Synanthropic Flies of China. Academy of Science, Peking. xv+330 pp. (in Chinese) Fan, Z. 1992. Key to the Common Flies of China. Second edition. Shanghai Institute of Entomology, Academia Sinica. xlviii+992 pp. 40 pls. (in Chinese) Kano, R., Field, G. and Shinonaga, S. 1967. Sarcophagidae (Insecta: Diptera). In: Fauna Japonica. Vol. 7, xii+168 pp+41 pls. Biogeographical Society of Japan, Tokyo. Kurahashi, H. 1970. Studies on the Calypterate Muscoid flies from Japan VII. Revision of the subfamily Miltogramminae (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Kontyû, 38: 93‒116. Kurahashi, H. and Chaiwong, T. 2013. Keys to the flesh flies of Thailand, with description of a new species of Robineauella Enderlein (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Med. Entomol. Zool., 64: 83‒101. Kurahashi, H. and Sukontason, K. L. 2004. A new species of Sinonipponia (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) from Thailand. Med. Entomol. Zool., 55: 191‒193. Kurahashi, H. and Tan, S. H. 2009. The srcophagid flies from Peninsulaar Malaysia (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Med. Entomol. Zool., 60: 283‒296. Lopes, H. de Souza, Kano, R., Shinonaga, S. and Kurahashi, H. 1977. Family Sarcophagidae. In: A Catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region Volume III. Suborder Cyclorrhapha (excluding Division Aschiza) (eds. Delfinado, M. D. and Hardy, D. E.), pp. 557‒583, University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu. McAlpine, J. F. 1981. Morphology and terminology-adults. In: Manual of Nearctic Diptera, I. (eds. McAlpine, J. F., Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R. and Wood, D. M.), pp. 9‒63, Research Branch Agriculture, Canada Monograph 27, Ottawa. Nandi, B. C. 2002. Diptera. Family Sarcophagidae. In: The Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries. Vol. X. xxiv+608 pp., Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Pape, T. 1987. The Sarcophagidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Ent. Scand., 19: 1‒203. Pape, T. 1994. The world Blaesoxipha Loew, 1861 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Ent. Scand., 1‒247. Pape, T. 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Mem. Ent. Internat., 8: 1‒558. Pape, T. and Bänziger, H. 2000. Two new species of Sarcophaga (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) among pollinators of newly discovered Sapria ram (Rafflesiaceae). Raes Bull. Zool., 48: 201‒208. Pape, T. and Bänziger, H. 2003. Three new species of Sarcophaga Meigen found during ecological studies on flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in Thailand. Entomol. Sci., 6: 49‒56. Povolny, D. and Verves, Yu. 1997. The flesh flies of Central Europe (Insecta, Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Spixiana, Suppl. 24: 1‒260. Roback, S. S. 1954. The Evolution and Taxonomy of the Sarcophaginae (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Illinois Biological Monographs Vol. XXIII, Nos. 3‒4. v+181 pp., The University of Illinois Press. Rognes, K. 1991. Blowflies (Diptera, Calliphoridae) of Fennoscadia and Denmark. Fauna Ent. Scand., 24: 1‒272. Rohdendorf, B. B. 1937. Fam. Sarcophagidae. Fauna USSR, 19: xv+1‒501+[1]. (in Russian with German summary) Rohdendorf, B. B. 1966. Diptera from Nepal. Sarcophagidae. Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. Ser. B. Ent., 17: 457‒464. Senior-White, R., Aubertin, D. and Smart, J. 1940. Diptera. Family Calliphoridae. The Fauna of British India, incliuding the Remainder of the Oriental Region. Vol. VI. xiii+288 pp., Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London. Shinonaga, S. and Tumrasvin, W. 1979. Two new genera and ten new species of the sarcophagid flies from Thailand (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Jpn. J. Sanit. Zool., 30: 135‒145. Sugiyama, E. and Kano, R. 1984. Systematics of the Sarcophaginae of the Oriental region based on the comparative morphology of the male genitalia (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Jpn. J. Sanit. Zool., 35: 343‒356. Sugiyama, E., Shinonaga, S. and Kano, R. 1990. Sarcophagine flies from Malaysia and Singapore with the descriptions of six new species (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Jpn. J. Sanit. Zool., 41: 81‒91. Tumrasvin, W. and Kano, R. 1979. Studies on medically important flies in Thailand VI. Report on 48 species of Sarcophagid flies, including the taxonomic keys (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Bull. Tokyo Med. Dent. Univ., 26: 149‒179. Verves, Yu. G. 1979. Description of Paramacronychia hackmani sp. n. (Diptera, Sarcophagidae, Paramacronychiinae). Ann. Ent. Fenn., 45: 31‒32. Verves, Yu. G. 1998. A checklist of Ukrainian Sarcophagidae (Diptera), with a description of a new species. J. Ukr. Ent., 4: 49‒57. 88 Med. Entomol. Zool.

Appendix I. General morphology, terminology and abbreviation of sarcophagid flies. Specimens examined and illustrated for studies are of the common species Boettcherisca nathani Lopes, 1961.

Fig. 1. Head, lateral view. Fig. 2. Head, anterior view. Fig. 3. Male head, dorsal view. Fig. 4. Female head, dorsal view. Fig. 5. Thorax, dorsal view. Fig. 6. Thorax, lateral view. Fig. 7. Fore leg, dorsal view. Fig. 8. Mid leg, dorsal view. Fig. 9. Hind leg, dorsal view. Fig. 10. Male abdomen, dorsal view. Fig. 11. Female abdomen, dorsal view. Fig. 12. Male abdomen, ventral view. Fig. 13. Female abdomen, ventral view. Fig. 14. Hypopygium, lateral view. Fig. 15. Male sternite 5, ventral view. Fig. 16. Male genitalia, lateral view. Fig. 17. Male genitalia, ventral view. Fig. 18. Female genitalia, caudal/ posterior view. Fig. 19. Spermathecae. Fig. 20. Wing, dorsal view. Vol. 69 No. 2 2018 89 90 Med. Entomol. Zool. Vol. 69 No. 2 2018 91 92 Med. Entomol. Zool. Vol. 69 No. 2 2018 93