The American University in Cairo Department of Political Science

POL2405-02| History and International Politics

Fall Semester 2020

Dr. Sophie Haspeslagh [email protected]

Class sessions Mondays 3:30-4:45 Class discussion on zoom (unless moved to Thursday as stated below)

Thursdays 3:30-4:45 Watch the pre-recorded lecture and student presentations on blackboard (or at another time that is convenient for you but before our Monday zoom session)

Course Resources Available on Blackboard

Office Hours Virtual office hours are Mondays 11:15-12:15pm and Wednesdays 11:30-12:30pm. Please email me to make an appointment. I will then send you a zoom link for a 15-minute time slot. Please be on time and cancel if you cannot make it.

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES What key historical events shaped international politics? How did the study of international politics emerge? Was International Relations only ‘born’ in 1919? What do we mean by terms such as sovereignty, modernity or nationalism, where did they come from? How have wars between states shaped international society?

This course addresses these questions by providing students with a foundational understanding of the historical events that gave shape to international politics and that today form the discipline of International Relations. It will give students the historical and conceptual foundations necessary to pursue a specialization in International Relations by introducing key events and their consequences in international politics. This includes wars, revolutions, and key ideological developments, such as the Peace of Westphalia, the development of European sovereignty and colonial expansion. With this course, students will become familiar with the language used in International Relations and be able to reference important historical events that are explored and discussed in future classes. They will also understand the links between the practice of international relations and the development of International Relations as an academic discipline.

This course is useful for any political science major, but is especially useful to those specializing in IR.

• Acquire key vocabulary and understanding; • Become familiar with key historical events; • Become familiar with the evolution and development of international politics.

LEARNING OUTCOMES Upon successful completion of the course, you will: • Acquire an understanding of key terminology for describing and analyzing international politics, such as “international society”, “peace of Westphalia”, or “colonialism”; • Know the main historical events that shaped international politics; • Develop your ability to present, substantiate and defend complex arguments; • Develop your ability to write a clear, well-argued and substantiated papers and exams.

COURSE FORMAT The course will be taught in a “flipped classroom” format. I will make short (max 20 minutes) pre-recorded lectures available for students to view online, then we will use our virtual zoom classroom time on Mondays for discussions. 1. During asynchronous learning (outside class) • Pre-recorded lectures will be uploaded onto Blackboard using Panopto • Each student will prepare one presentation and send it ahead of the zoom class (Power Point slide with audio at a minimum) • It is very important that you watch these materials before the discussion in the zoom class along with your weekly reading.

2. Real time engagement (during class time, synchronously via zoom) • Classes are expected to be heavily interactive. • Students are expected to attend all classes and come prepared having done the required reading and watched the weekly presentations/lectures. • Please note that there will be quizzes to ensure these have been done. • During zoom sessions we will use features such as polling function/breakout rooms to foster discussion and critical thinking. • While participation is mandatory, Zoom sessions will also be recorded to help you while studying for the exams. • Please turn on your video during our Zoom class. • Students are encouraged to ask questions in class. No question is a bad question! • Students are encouraged to schedule Zoom meetings (acting as Office Hours).

COURSE MATERIALS All course materials can be found on blackboard.

Each week we will focus on one article/chapter according to the key topics and cases of the course (outlined below). These are the required reading for the week.

The texts under recommended reading will be useful as you write your essay.

Textbooks Two key textbooks will be used throughout the course, they are available online:

Amitav Acharya and Barry Buzan, 2019, The making of global international relations: origins and evolution of IR at its centenary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://lib.aucegypt.edu/record=b2979896

Barry Buzan and George Lawson, 2015, The global transformation: history, modernity and the making of international relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, https://lib.aucegypt.edu/record=b2979897

ASSESMENT AND GRADES The final assessment for this course will be based on the following:

Assignment % of final grade Due Date Active class 10% Over whole course participation (quizzes etc) Student profile 5% 10 September Historical film 10% 24 September analysis Presentation 10% To be assigned Essay 20% 22 October Mid-term exam 20% 3 November Final exam 25% 10 December

Grade Scale A 93+ C+ 77-79 A- 90-92 C 73-76 B+ 87-89 C- 70-72 B 83-86 D+ 67-69 B- 80-82 D 60-66 F 59 and below

Grade Policy The instructor does not accept late assignments. The grade that you receive at the end of the semester is the sum of grades received for your completed coursework and active participation. This is not negotiable and no additional coursework will be provided to supplant grades. All assignments should be uploaded on blackboard.

Active class participation 15% Students are expected to attend the classes and show knowledge of – and engagement with – the essential readings, that need to be read before the relevant class. Short quizzes will take place throughout the term to check you are watching the online lectures, your classmates’ presentations and doing the required reading.

Student Profile 5% In order for me to get to know you better and be able to interact with you quicker you are required to send a word document that includes the following: 1) your first and last name as you would like to be used in class 2) a picture of you where we can actually see your face 3) what year you are (Freshman, Sophomore….) 4) what your major (or intended major) is 5) your expectations of the course 6) your favorite historical movie 7) your favorite song

Historical film analysis 10% Choose a historical/political film. Watch it and write a 2-3page review. The review should answer the following questions: 1. What period in international history is the film about? 2. What story does it tell? What story does it not tell? 3. What political meaning/message does it convey? 4. How does the film portray characters of different genders/races/social class? 5. What is your personal opinion of the film?

In your answers please ensure you go beyond a mere review/evaluation of the film and achieve a level of explanation. Please link your analysis to the class discussions/readings.

You can choose any film you want. Here are some suggestions: The Battle of Algiers (1966), Days of Glory (2006), Dr Strangelove (1964), The Lives of Others (2006), Thirteen Days (2000), The Quiet American (2002), Good Bye Lenin! (2003), Hotel Rwanda (2004) or a biopic on a key historical figure such as Malcom X (1992), Ghandi (1982), Frost/Nixon (2008), The Iron Lady (2011), The Last King Of Scotland (2006), Mandela: Long Walk To Freedom (2014) etc.

Presentation 10% In threes students will be required to do one presentation on one weekly readings. These will be chosen during week 2 of term. Presentations will be no longer than 15 minutes and should be done in a format that can be shared with the class remotely ahead of time. Either using Power Point with audio or a video presentation. Please make sure your presentation is shared before the class on Monday.

The presentation should answer the following questions about the article/chapter: 1. What is the context of the article/author? 2. What is the main argument? 3. Do you agree or disagree, and why?

Mid-term essay 20% Students are required to submit an essay of 1,500 words, selecting one of the questions provided by the instructor ahead of time. The essay must clearly answer the question selected by the student while: (i) engaging with the topics and readings provided in class (ii) developing a clear argument (iii) being properly referenced. The paper must include at least 4 academic references (journal articles, chapters in edited books, academic books, etc.). These can include “required readings” or “recommended readings” listed below, or other credible academic sources not listed in the syllabus.

Mid-term and Final exams 20% and 25% Will be offered as take-home exams online: • Questions will be drawn from lectures, class discussions, quizzes and handouts. • Students are expected to respond to the questions ethically and responsibly. • Students are expected to access Zoom 10 minutes prior to the start of the exam. Exam questions will be e-mailed to students 5 minutes prior to the start of the exam. Students are required to raise their hands once they receive and download the exam questions. By then, the exam will start. • Answers are expected to be handwritten. Students are expected to write clearly and in an organized manner. • If students have questions, they can raise their hands in Zoom; and I will contact them via chat privately to respond to the question. • When time is up, students are expected to stop writing, scan the exam papers in one PDF file, and upload the file on Blackboard. Students are encouraged to download a reliable scanner on their mobile phones.

COURSE SCHEDULE

3 September (*First Zoom session on Thursday thereafter on Mondays) Introductions After introducing ourselves, we will go over the syllabus and the expectations of the course. • Question for the class: What (international) historical moment marked your family’s story?

No reading

Week 1: 7 and 10 September *Assignment 1. Student profiles due by 10 September

Time and space in world politics • Focus: The dangers of the single story

Required: Kelebogile Zvobgo and Meridith Loken, 2020, Why Race Matters in International Relations, Foreign Policy: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/19/why-race-matters-international- relations-ir/

Watch: https://www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_ngozi_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story

Further reading: Amitav Acharya and Barry Buzan, 2019, The making of global international relations: origins and evolution of IR at its centenary, Introduction, Chapter 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hutchings, Kimberly, 2008, Introduction to the question of world political time. Chapter 1, Time and World Politics: Thinking the Present, Manchester University Press.

Week 2: 14 and 17 September Peace of Westphalia • Focus: Sovereignty

Required: Derek Croxton, 1999, The Peace of Westphalia of 1648 and the Origins of Sovereignty, The International History Review, 21.3: 569-591.

Watch: Monty Python, ‘The Treaty of Westphalia’ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c- WO73Dh7rY

Recommended: Andreas Osiander, 2001, Sovereignty, International Relations, and the Westphalian Myth, International Organization, 55.2: 251-287. Daniel Philpott, 2000, The Religious Roots of Modern International Relations, World Politics, 52.2: 206- 245. Leo Gross, 1948, The Peace of Westphalia, 1648-1948, The American Journal of International Law, 42.1: 20-41

Week 3: 21 and 24 September *Assignment 2. Film analysis due by 24 September

Nineteenth Century • Focus: Modernity

Required: George Lawson and Barry Buzan, 2016, Introduction, The Global Transformation: History, Modernity and the Making of International Relations, Cambridge University Press.

Anand Giridharadas, 2011, Modifying a Definition of Modernity, New York Times, October 21, https://www .nytimes.com/2011/10/22/us/22iht-currents22.html

Recommended: Andrew Linklater, 2016, Enlightenment Thought and Global Civilization, Ch 7, Violence and Civilization in the Western States System, Cambridge University Press. George Lawson and Barry Buzan, 2016, Part I Global Transformation and IR, The Global Transformation: History, Modernity and the Making of International Relations, Cambridge University Press.

Week 4: 28 September and 1 October European expansion • Focus: Colonialism

Required: George Lawson and Barry Buzan, 2016, Establishing a Core-Periphery International Order, Ch 6, The Global Transformation: History, Modernity and the Making of International Relations, Cambridge University Press.

Recommended: Frantz Fanon, 1963, On Violence, Ch. 1, The Wretched of the Earth, Penguin Classics. Liliana Obregon, 2018, Empire, Racial Capitalism and International Law: The Case of Manumitted Haiti and the Recognition Debt, Leiden Journal of Internal Law, 31:597-615. Timothy Mitchell, 1988, Enframing, Ch 2, Colonizing Egypt, University of California Press. Matthew Lange, 2004, Colonial Legacies and Political Development, World Development, 32.6: 905-922. Andrew Delatolla and Joanne Yao, 2018, Racializing Religion: Constructing Colonial Identities in the Syrian Provinces in the Nineteenth Century, International Studies Review.

Week 5: 5 and 8 October Nationalism • Focus: Identity

Required: Giorgio Agamben, 2000, “What is a People?”, Means without End: Notes on Politics, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press.

Watch: La Marseillais, from La Vie en Rose, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMbNBHguW0U

Recommended: Rogers Brubaker, 2009, Ethnicity, Race, and Nationalism, The Annual Review of Sociology, 35: 21-42. Michael Mann, 1993, Conclusion to Chapters 4-6: The Emergence of Classes and Nations, The Sources of Social Power, Cambridge University Press. John Hutchinson and Anthony D. Smith,1994, I. The Question of Definition, Nationalism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Week 6: 12 and 15 October *Assignment 3. Essay is due on 15 October.

First World War • Focus: 1919 as IR’s foundational myth

Required: Amitav Acharya and Barry Buzan, 2019, Chapter 2 and 3, The making of global international relations: origins and evolution of IR at its centenary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://lib.aucegypt.edu/record=b2979896

Recommended: E.H. Carr, 1945, Nationalism and After, London: Macmillan.

Week 7: 19 and 22 October Global governance • Focus: League of Nations

Required: Antony Anghie, 2002, “Colonialism and the Birth of International Institutions: Sovereignty, Economy, and the Mandate System of the League of Nations,” Journal of International Law and Politics, 34: 513-523.

Recommended: Antoine Fleury, 1998, The League of Nations: Toward a New Appreciation of Its History, In Manfred F. Boemeke, Gerald D. Feldman, and Elisabeth Glaser (eds.), The Treaty of Versailles: A Reassessment after 75 Years , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 507-522. Ian Hurd, 2008, Myths of Membership: The Politics of Legitimation in UN Security Council”, Global Governance 14(2): 199- 217.

Week 8: 26 and 29 October Course drop deadline 28 October

Gender and the international • Focus: Masculinity and power

Required: Johanna Kantola, 2007, The Gendered Reproduction of the State in International Relations, British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 9: 270-283.

Watch: Stromae, ‘Tous les memes,’ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAMWdvo71ls

Recommended: Anne Phillips, 2018, Gender and Modernity, Political Theory: 1-24. Paul Amar, 2011, Middle East Masculinity Studies: Discourses of ‘Men in Crisis,’ Industries of Gender in Revolution, Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies, 7.3: 36-70. Cynthia Enloe, 2014, Gender makes the world go round, Chapter, Bananas, Beaches and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics, Berkley: University of California Press. Lola Olufemi, 2020, The saviour complex: Muslim women and gendered Islamophobia, Chapter 5, Feminism Interrupted, Pluto Press.

Week 9: 2 and 5 November

• *Mid-term exam on 2 November

Week 10: 9 and 12 November Cold War and decolonisation • Focus: Resistance and Revolt

Required: Amitav Acharya and Barry Buzan, 2019, Chapter 5, The making of global international relations: origins and evolution of IR at its centenary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Listen: Audre Lorde, A Song for Many Movements, performed by Jamara, https://jamaramychellewakefield.bandcamp.com/track/a-song-for-many-movements

Recommended: Albert Camus, 1956, The Rebel, Ch 1, Alfred A. Knopf, 13-23. Alf Gunvald Nilsen, 2016, Power, Resistance and Development in the Global South: Notes Towards a Critical Research Agenda, International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, 29.3: 269-287. Megan A O’Branski, 2014, The Savage Reduction of the Flesh: Violence, Gender, and Bodily Weaponisation in the 1981 Irish Republican Hunger Strike Protest, Critical Studies on Terrorism, 7.1: 97- 111. Henrique Tavares Furtado, 2015, Against State Terror: Lessons on Memory, Counterterrorism, and Resistance from the Global South, Critical Studies on Terrorism, 8.1: 72-89.

Week 11: 16 and 19 November Borders • Focus: The Black Mediterranean

Required: Ida Danewid, 2017, White innocence in the Black Mediterranean: hospitality and the erasure of history, Third World Quarterly, 38:7, 1674-1689,

Watch: MIA, ‘Borders’, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-Nw7HbaeWY

Recommended: Mark B. Salter. “The Global Visa Regime and the Political Technologies of the International Self: Borders, Bodies, Biopolitics.” Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 31, no. 2 (April 2006): 167-189. John Torpey, “Coming and Going: On the State Monopolization of the Legitimate 'Means of Movement', Sociological Theory Volume 16, No. 3, (1998): pp. 239-259.

Week 12: 23 and 26 November Empire in Decline?

Required: Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, 2000, The Decline and Fall of Empire, Part 4, Empire, Harvard University Press.

Recommended: Joseph S Nye, 2016, Where in the World Are We? Democracy, 40: 7-15. Tarak Barkawi and Mark Laffey, 2002, Retrieving the Imperial: Empire and International Relations, Millennium 31(1): 109-27.

Week 13: 30 November and 3 December Non-state actors • Focus: Global civil society

Required: Fred Halliday, 2001, The Romance of the Non-state Actors, In Daphne Josselin and William Wallace, Non-State Actors in World Politics, Chapter 2, pp. 21-37.

Recommended: Abdo Nahla, 2010, Imperialism, the State, and Ngos: Middle Eastern Contexts and Contestations,Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East , 30 (2): 238– 249. Mary Kaldor, 2003, The Idea of Global Civil Society, International Affairs, 79(3), 583-559. James Petras, 1997, Imperialism and NGOs in Latin America, Monthly Review, New York, 49 (7): 10-27. Saskia Sassen, 2004, Local Actors in Global Politics, Current Sociology, 52(4): 649-670.

Week 14: 7 and 10 December Conclusion: Towards Global IR? • Wrap-up and exam

FURTHER READING Agathangelou, Anna and LHM Ling, 2009, Transforming World Politics: From Empire to Multiple Worlds, Routledge. Anievas, Alexander, Nivi Manchanda, and Robbie Shilliam, 2015, Race and Racism in International Relations: Confronting the Global Colour Line, Routledge. Brown, Carolyn A, 2015, African Labor in the Making of World War II, Ch 3, eds. Judith A Byfield, Carolyn A Brown, Timothy Parsons, and Ahmad Alawad Sikainga Africa and World War II, Cambridge University Press. Doty, Roxanne Lynn, 1996, Imperial Encounters: The Politics of Representation in North- South Relations, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. Hobson, John, 2012, The Eurocentric Conception of World Politics: Western International Theory, 1760-2010, Cambridge University Press. Hobson, John, 2004, The Eastern Origins of Western Civilization, Cambridge University Press. Hutchings, Kimberly, 2008, Time and World Politics: Thinking the Present, Manchester University Press. Ling, LHM, 2002, Postcolonial International Relations: Conquest and Desire Between Asia and the West, Palgrave. Nexon, Daniel H. 2009, The Struggle for Power in Early Modern Europe: Religious Conflict, Dynastic Empires, and International Change, Princeton University Press. Marx, Anthony W. 2003. Faith in Nation: Exclusionary Origins of Nationalism, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Parsons, Timothy, 2015, The Military Experiences of Ordinary Africans in World War II, Ch 1, eds. Judith A Byfield, Carolyn A Brown, Timothy Parsons, and Ahmad Alawad Sikainga Africa and World War II, Cambridge University Press. Peterson, V. Spike, 1992, Gendered States: Feminist (re)Visions of International Relations Theory, Lynne Rienner. Ranciere, Jacques, “Who Is the Subject of the Rights of Man?” The South Atlantic Quarterly. Volume 103, Issue 2/3, (2004): pp. 297-310. Smith, Anthony D. “The Origins of Nations,” Ethnic and Racial Studies. 12, 3, 1989: 340- 367. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty, 2010, Nationalism and the Imagination. New York: Seagull Books, selections. Suzuki, Shogo, 2009, Civilization and Empire: China and Japan’s Encounter with European International Society, Oxford University Press. Teschke, Benno, 2011, The Myth of 1648: Class, Geopolitics and the Making of Modern International Relations, Verso. Tickner, J. Ann, 2001, Gender in International Relations, Cambridge University Press. Wekker, Gloria, 2016, White Innocence: Paradoxes of Colonialism and Race. Duke University Press. Zarakol, Ayse, 2010, After Defeat: How the East Learned to Live with the West, Cambridge University Press.

ACDEMIC INTEGRITY AND PLAGIARISM Students are expected to commit to the principles of academic integrity.

Academic integrity includes a commitment to not engage in or tolerate acts of falsification, misrepresentation or deception. Such acts of dishonesty include cheating or copying, plagiarizing, submitting another person's' work as one's own, using Internet or other sources without citation, fabricating field data or citations, stealing examinations, tampering with the academic work of another student, facilitating other students' acts of academic dishonesty, etc.

Plagiarism for assignments and/or reports may result in a zero grade for the assignment and/or the report in question. Cheating during an examination may result in a zero grade for this examination. Further action, according to university regulations, would also be implemented.

You should be aware that all written work will be submitted to “Turnitin.com”, the plagiarism detection and prevention software. By reading this syllabus, you will acknowledge that you have understood that any detected plagiarism will have to be reported. The University's statement on academic integrity, from which the above statement is drawn, is available at http://www.aucegypt.edu/academics/integrity/Pages/default.aspx

STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES Generally, AUC informs instructors about any disabilities a student may have and works with the instructor to make sure each and every study has equal opportunity to participate in the course. If you have not done so already, please visit the AUC Disability Service (http://www.aucegypt.edu/studentlife/gethelp/Pages/disabilityserv.aspx). However, even if your specific case has not been documented I am willing to work individually with you. Please make an appointment to speak with me as soon as possible to discuss any accommodation necessary to guarantee your full participation.

STUDENT-FACULTY COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES Due to remote and hybrid teaching and learning there is likely to be more email contact and individual zoom calls between faculty and students. The following points are intended to foster clarity in communication and to provide information on response time and response frequency.

Office hours will be conducted via zoom hours. Individual meetings with students will be conducted during established office hours (Mondays 11:15-12:15pm and Wednesdays 11:30- 12:30pm). In the event that the student has another course scheduled during the scheduled office hours, another meeting time can be requested, but this needs to be set and agreed upon by both parties at least 1-2 working days in advance.

During the Sunday-Thursday work week, student emails and queries will generally be answered within 24 hours. During weekends students can expect a typical response time of 48 hours. Email correspondence that is professional, considerate and well written will lead to more effective communication and clearer answers. Please take the time to formulate and proofread well thought out emails. Clearly stated questions will be answered within 1- 2 working days. Students should look for answers to their questions in the syllabus and on Blackboard before emailing using their AUC email accounts.