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32Nd Saas-Fee Course 2002
IAU Executive Committee P r e s i d e n t V i c e -P r e s i d e n t s Silvia Torres-Peimbert Instituto Astronomia Franco Pacini Catherine J. Cesarsky Dpto di Astronomia UNAM Director General, ESO Apt 70 264 Universitá degli Studi Karl Schwarzschildstr. 2 Largo E. Fermi 5 Mexico DF 04510, Mexico DE 85748 Garching, Tel: 52 5 622 3906 IT 50125 Firenze, Italy Germany Tel: 39 055 27521/2232 Fax: 52 5 616 0653 Tel: 49 893 200 6227 [email protected] Fax: 39 055 22 0039 Fax: 49 893 202 362 [email protected] [email protected] Robert E. Williams P r e s i d e n t -E l e c t STScI Norio Kaifu Homewood Campus Ronald D. Ekers Director General, NAO 3700 San Martin Dr CSIRO, ATNF Osawa, Mitaka US Baltimore MD 21218 Box 76 JP Tokyo 181- 8588, Japan USA AU Epping NSW 1710 Tel: 81 422 34 3650 Tel: 1 410 338 4963 Australia Fax: 81 422 34 3690 Fax: 1 410 338 2617 Tel: 61 2 9372 4300 [email protected] [email protected] Fax: 61 2 9372 4310 [email protected] Nikolay S. Kardashev A d v i s e r s Astro Space Center G e n e r a l S e c r e t a r y Lebedev Physical Institute Robert P. Kraft (Past President) Hans Rickman Academy of Sciences Profsojuznaya ul 84/32 Lick Observatory IAU RU 117810 Moscow University of California 98 bis Blvd Arago Russian Federation US Santa Cruz CA 95064 FR 75014 Paris, France Tel: 7 095 333 2378 USA Tel: 33 1 43 25 8358 Fax: 7 095 333 2378 Fax: 1 831 426 3115 Fax: 33 1 43 25 2616 or 7 095 310 7023 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Johannes Andersen H o m e I n s t i t u t e Kenneth A. -
Neutron Stars: Introduction
Neutron Stars: Introduction Stephen Eikenberry 16 Jan 2018 Original Ideas - I • May 1932: James Chadwick discovers the neutron • People knew that n u clei w ere not protons only (nuclear mass >> mass of protons) • Rutherford coined the name “neutron” to describe them (thought to be p+ e- pairs) • Chadwick identifies discrete particle and shows mass is greater than p+ (by 0.1%) • Heisenberg shows that neutrons are not p+ e- pairs Original Ideas - II • Lev Landau supposedly suggested the existence of neutron stars the night he heard of neutrons • Yakovlev et al (2012) show that he in fact discussed dense stars siiltimilar to a gi ant nucl eus BEFORE neutron discovery; this was immediately adapted to “t“neutron s t”tars” Original Ideas - III • 1934: Walter Baade and Fritz Zwicky suggest that supernova eventtttts may create neutron stars • Why? • Suppg(ernovae have huge (but measured) energies • If NS form from normal stars, then the gravitational binding energy gets released • ESN ~ star … Original Ideas - IV • Late 1930s: Oppenheimer & Volkoff develop first theoretical models and calculations of neutron star structure • WldhWould have con tidbttinued, but WWII intervened (and Oppenheimer was busy with other things ) • And that is how things stood for about 30 years … Little Green Men - I • Cambridge experiment with dipole antennae to map cosmic radio sources • PI: Anthony Hewish; grad students included Jocelyn Bell Little Green Men - II • August 1967: CP 1919 discovered in the radio survey • Nov ember 1967: Bell notices pulsations at P =1.337s -
Pulsars,Magnetars and Fast Radio Bursts
Pulsars,Magnetars and Fast Radio Bursts: Roger Blandford KIPAC Stanford 30 xi 2017 CPT 1 Charles Messier 30 xi 2017 CPT 2 Sam Okoye discovers compact radio source 30 xi 2017 CPT 3 Franco Pacini predicts Crab Nebula Powered by Neutron Star 30 xi 2017 CPT 4 Jocelyn Bell Discovers Pulsars 30 xi 2017 CPT 5 Neutron Stars •~10 km radius •Giant nucleus; 1057 neutrons •Magnetic field ~ 1012 Gauss •Superfluidity •Superconductivity •Thick crust •Shallow ocean 30 xi 2017 CPT 6 Crab Pulsar 30 xi 2017 CPT to 400 GeV7 ! Millisecond Pulsars • Rapidly spinning pulsars • 1 day -> 1-10 milliseconds! • Fastest 716 Hz F5# • Weak magnetic field • One has planets • Many in globular clusters • Recycled and spun up 30 xi 2017 CPT 8 Binary Pulsars •Hulse-Taylor binary pulsar •Tests of general relativity •Gravitational radiation •Double pulsar •Two pulsars; now just one •Triple pulsar •Principle of Equivalence 30 xi 2017 CPT 9 GW 170817, GBM 170817A – BNS! Binary neutron star 30 xi 2017 CPT 10 combined mass - 2.73-2.78 Msun Validated Conjectures-Discovery Space Cosmography Background Nucleosynthesis Jet formation Nuclear physics Stellar evolution Relativistic shocks GR works Tests of GR SGRB=BNS … Heavy elements Distances g-rays beamed Wave30 xi 2017speed =c CPT 11 Pulsar Timing Array •LIGO gravitational waves •Directly •Wavelengths ~ 1000 km •Timing pulsars •Wavelengths ~ light years 30 xi 2017 CPT 12 Crab Nebula Spectrum TeV Synchrotron Radiation Compton Scattering 30 xi 2017 Radio CPT Gamma Rays 13 Flaring behavior Buehler et al April 2011 Power~1029W Singular -
Reversed out (White) Reversed
Berkeley rev.( white) Berkeley rev.( FALL 2014 reversed out (white) reversed IN THIS ISSUE Berkeley’s Space Sciences Laboratory Tabletop Physics Bringing More Women into Physics ALUMNI NEWS AND MORE! Cover: The MAVEN satellite mission uses instrumentation developed at UC Berkeley's Space Sciences Laboratory to explore the physics behind the loss of the Martian atmosphere. It’s a continuation of Berkeley astrophysicist Robert Lin’s pioneering work in solar physics. See p 7. photo credit: Lockheed Martin Physics at Berkeley 2014 Published annually by the Department of Physics Steven Boggs: Chair Anil More: Director of Administration Maria Hjelm: Director of Development, College of Letters and Science Devi Mathieu: Editor, Principal Writer Meg Coughlin: Design Additional assistance provided by Sarah Wittmer, Sylvie Mehner and Susan Houghton Department of Physics 366 LeConte Hall #7300 University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-7300 Copyright 2014 by The Regents of the University of California FEATURES 4 12 18 Berkeley’s Space Tabletop Physics Bringing More Women Sciences Laboratory BERKELEY THEORISTS INVENT into Physics NEW WAYS TO SEARCH FOR GOING ON SIX DECADES UC BERKELEY HOSTS THE 2014 NEW PHYSICS OF EDUCATION AND SPACE WEST COAST CONFERENCE EXPLORATION Berkeley theoretical physicists Ashvin FOR UNDERGRADUATE WOMEN Vishwanath and Surjeet Rajendran IN PHYSICS Since the Space Lab’s inception are developing new, small-scale in 1959, Berkeley physicists have Women physics students from low-energy approaches to questions played important roles in many California, Oregon, Washington, usually associated with large-scale of the nation’s space-based scientific Alaska, and Hawaii gathered on high-energy particle experiments. -
The Fourteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting on Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity, Astrophysics
September 4, 2017 9:39 ws-procs961x669 MG-14 – Proceedings (Part D) D433 page 3372 3372 The renaissance of general relativity in Rome: Main actors, research programs and institutional structures Luisa Bonolis∗ Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin, Germany ∗E-mail: [email protected] Adele La Rana Sapienza University, Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Roberto Lalli Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin, Germany E-mail: [email protected] We show that the revitalization of General Relativity (GR) in Rome during the 1960s was mainly shaped by the confluence of two different research programs centered around two authoritative figures: the first was the focusing of former Levi–Civita’s student Carlo Cattaneo on the mathematical problems of GR and the establishment of a research group in Rome; the second was sparked by the return in Italy of the astrophysicist Livio Gratton in 1960. We also argue that the material possibilities for a novel confluence between previously separated fields in the Roman environment was made possible by deep institutional changes and, especially, by the organizational choices and visions of Edoardo Amaldi who was leading the postwar reconstruction of Italian physics. Keywords: General relativity; relativistic astrophysics; Tullio Levi–Civita; Giuseppe Armellini; Enrico Fermi; Carlo Cattaneo; Edoardo Amaldi; Livio Gratton. The First Phase: The interwar period In the late 1960s, General Relativity (GR) definitely returned to the mainstream of physics, coming into focus in connection with major astrophysical discoveries and becoming an internationally visible, highly active field of research. In order to The Fourteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com better elucidate how this historical process — the so-called Renaissance of GR, as Clifford Will christened it — developed in Rome during the 1960s, it is necessary to put it in relation to the research and teaching of GR in the Roman institutional settings starting from the early 1920s. -
Acquisition Policy and Collection Development in Astronomical Libraries in Italy: Two Test Cases
Library and Information Services in Astronomy III ASP Conference Series, Vol. 153, 1998 U. Grothkopf, H. Andernach, S. Stevens-Rayburn, and M. Gomez (eds.) Acquisition Policy and Collection Development in Astronomical Libraries in Italy: Two Test Cases Antonella Gasperini Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Firenze, Italy Francesca Martines Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo \G.S.Vaiana", Palermo, Italy Abstract. We have analysed the acquisition policy of two Italian as- tronomical libraries, similar in typology, but geographically distant: the Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory Library, in Florence, and the Palermo Astronomical Observatory Library. 1. Introduction It is very important to organise a correct management of acquisitions in a library and to determine the criteria on which the collection development should depend, especially in subjects like astronomy and astrophysics and related fields, in which there is a continuous updating. We have analysed the situation of two Italian astronomical libraries, similar in typology, but geographically distant: the first one is the library of the Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory, in Florence, and the second one is the library of the Palermo Astronomical Observatory. They are different in size, activity and history. We have focused our attention on the last twenty years, with special emphasis on the period from 1987 to 1997. This choice was due to a radical change in astronomy in the late seventies which therefore influenced astronomical publications. Moreover, the last twenty years have also represented an important phase in the life of the two Observatories, for different reasons. We summarise the characteristics and amount of collections of each of them and identify the specific profiles and needs of their parent institutions and their influence on the acquisition policy. -
The Observatory Founded in 1877 by Sir William Christie, Astronomer Royal
The Observatory Founded in 1877 by Sir William Christie, Astronomer Royal EditEd by D. J. SticklanD R. W. ARgyle S. J. Fossey eDitors 1877–2013 W. H. m. Christie 1877–1882 P. J. d. Gething 1954–1956 E. W. maunder 1881–1887 d. W. dewhirst 1956–1957 A. m. W. downing 1885–1887 A. Hewish 1957–1961 t. lewis 1885–1887 W. R. Hindmarsh 1957–1961 and 1893–1912 b. E. J. Pagel 1961–1962 A. A. Common 1888–1892 J. E. baldwin 1961–1962 H. H. turner 1888–1897 d. mcNally 1961–1963 H. P. Hollis 1893–1912 C. A. murray 1961–1966 S. Chapman 1913–1914 P. A. Wayman 1962–1964 A. S. Eddington 1913–1919 R. V. Willstrop 1963–1966 F. J. m. Stratton 1913–1925 R. F. Griffin 1963–1985 H. Spencer Jones 1915–1923 J. b. Alexander 1964–1965 J. Jackson 1920–1927 S. V. m. Clube 1965–1966 W. m. H. Greaves 1924–1932 K. b. Gebbie 1966–1968 J. A. Carroll 1926–1931 W. Nicholson 1966–1973 G. merton 1928 d. lynden-bell 1967–1969 W. H. Steavenson 1929–1933 C. Jordan 1968–1973 H. W. Newton 1929–1936 R. G. bingham 1969–1972 R. o. Redman 1932–1935 m. V. Penston 1972–1975 R. v. d. R. Woolley 1933–1939 S. J. burnell 1973–1976 W. H. mcCrea 1935–1937 d. H. P. Jones 1973–1977 H. F. Finch 1936–1947 P. J. Andrews 1975–1983 A. d. thackeray 1938–1942 G. G. Pooley 1976–1984 G. C. mcVittie 1938–1948 R. -
Jocelyn Bell Burnell
Jocelyn Bell Burnell President of the Royal Astronomical Society 2002 to 2004 President of the Institute of Physics 2008 to 2010 Elected Pro-Chancellor of the University of Dublin 2013 Elected President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 2014 B.S University of Glasgow (1965) Ph.D., Radio Astronomy, University of Cambridge (1968) Biography Jocelyn Bell Burnell was born in 1943 in Northern Ireland to Allison and Phillip Bell. She discovered her passion for astronomy early in life through books. At Lurgan College, she began her higher education but was restricted from studying science due to her gender. At the time, women were not allowed to study science at the school. Her parents were committed to the education of their daughter so when Jocelyn was unable to pass the entrance examine for continuing education her parents sent her to a Quaker boarding school. At the age of 22, she graduated from the University of Glasgow with a degree in Physics and then went on to earn her doctorate at the University of Cambridge. Presently she is working as a visiting Professor or Astrophysics at the University of Oxford. Research Jocelyn Bell Brunell’s groundbreaking research began during her time at Cambridge. She was involved in the development of a radio telescope to track quasars and after its completion became the telescope operator in charge of analyzing data collected. It was during this time that she discovered an anomaly in the data, which led her to the discovery of pulsars. This discovery lead to the 1974 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to the lead researcher Antony Hewish along with Marti Ryle. -
My Chemistry with Francesco
Mem. S.A.It. Vol. 88, 678 c SAIt 2017 Memorie della My chemistry with Francesco D. Galli INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze, Italy e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Through all his career, Francesco maintained a keen interest in primordial star for- mation and the chemistry of the early Universe. It was therefore quite natural for me, his former student and his officemate for more than 12 years, to be also involved in these studies. In this contribution I summarize the chemistry that Francesco and I developed, pointing out the main findings and false steps of our lifelong collaboration. Key words. Early Universe – Molecular processes – Atomic Processes 1. Introduction ulated my interest in the chemistry of the early Universe, and our discussions during In the summer of 1987, Ralph Pudritz and long walks in the Canadian woods marked the Michel Fich organized a NATO School on beginning of a lifelong collaboration with him “Galactic and Extragalactic Star Formation” on this subject. in Whistler, a resort town in beautiful It is instructive to look in retrospect at the British Columbia, where Francesco was in- topics that Francesco addressed in his 1987 vited to give a review lecture on “Primordial lecture, to assess the progress (or the lack of Star Formation”. Among the participants to it) and the expected (or unexpected) develop- the School were three PhD student of the ments that have occurred in this field in the University of Florence (Riccardo Cesaroni, intervening 30 years. Francesco’s lecture cov- Paolo Lenzuni and myself), and the some- ered four broad subjects: what more mature Director of the Arcetri (1) the search for zero-metal stars, Observatory (Franco Pacini). -
Reinhard Genzel
Reinhard Genzel Date of Birth 24 March 1952 Place Bad Homburg v.d.H., Germany Nomination 18 August 2020 Field Physics; Astronomy Title Director at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany; Nobel Laureate in Physics, 2020 Most important awards, prizes and academies Awards and Honors: 1970 Alfred Maul Medal, Bertold Gymnasium, Freiburg, Germany; 1973 Scholarship of the "Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes", Germany; 1980 Otto Hahn Medal of the Max Planck Society for the Year 1978, Germany; 1980 Miller Fellowship, University of California, Berkeley, USA; 1984 Presidential Young Investigators Award, USA; 1985 Fellow, American Physical Society, USA; 1986 Newton Lacy Pierce Prize, American Astronomical Society, USA; 1990 Leibniz Prize of the German Science Foundation (DFG), Germany; 1998 Foreign Member, Académie des Sciences, Paris, France; 2000 de Vaucouleurs Medal, University of Texas, Austin, USA; 2000 Foreign Associate, US National Academy of Sciences, USA; 2000 Janssen Prize, Société Astronomique de France, Paris, France; 2002 Member of the German Academy of Natural Sciences Leopoldina, Halle, Germany; 2002 Member of the European Academy of Sciences, Liège, Belgium; 2003 Stern Gerlach Medal of the German Physical Society (DPG), Germany; 2003 Member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Munich, Germany; 2003 Balzan Prize for ’Infrared Astronomy’, Bern, Switzerland/Italy; 2005 Petrie Prize, Canadian Astronomical Society (CASCA), Victoria, Canada; 2007 Einstein Medal, Albert Einstein Society (AEG), Bern, Switzerland; -
ATNF News Issue No
ATNF News Issue No. 70, April 2011 ISSN 1323-6326 CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science – undertaking world leading astronomical research and operator of the Australia Telescope National Facility. The Parkes Phased Array Feed (PAF) package, partially rotated, showing the chequerboard array minus the weather cover. The ability to invert the PAF package during and after assembly enables efficient final construction and, most importantly, safe transport and readiness for sky testing. Credit: Russ Bolton, CSIRO Cover page image Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) antenna construction. Credit: Antony Schinckel, CSIRO 2 Issue No. 70, April 2011 Contents From the Chief of CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science ..........................................................................................4 New Deputy Chief for CASS ........................................................................................................................................................5 Distinguished Visitors ..........................................................................................................................................................................6 Graduate Student Program.............................................................................................................................................................7 Grote Reber Gold Medal Awarded ..........................................................................................................................................8 CSIRO Chief Visits -
RAS Annual Report & Financial Statements 2018
FINANCIAL REPORT Royal Astronomical Society Annual Report & Financial Statements 2018 ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1 FINANCIAL REPORT Royal Astronomical Society Patron Senior Staff Her Majesty the Queen Executive Director: Philip Diamond Deputy Executive Director: Robert Massey Trustees The Council members who served during 2018 were: Registered and Principal Office Prof. John Zarnecki (President, G, until May 2018, Open University) Burlington House Piccadilly Prof. Mike Cruise (President, A, from May 2018, University of Birmingham) London Dr Megan Argo (Councillor, A, University of Central Lancaster) W1J 0BQ Dr Mandy Bailey (Secretary, A, Open University) Charity registration number Charles Barclay (Vice-President, A) 226545 Dr Nigel Berman (Treasurer, A) Prof. Mike Bode (Councillor, A, until May 2018, Liverpool John Moores University) Auditor Buzzacott LLP Prof. William Chaplin (Councillor, A, from May 2018, University of Birmingham) 130 Wood Street Prof. Ian Crawford (Vice-President, G, Birkbeck College) London Dr Paul Daniels (Councillor, A) EC2V 6DL Prof. Yvonne Elsworth (Vice-President, G, until May 2018, University of Birmingham) Bankers Prof. Lyndsay Fletcher (Senior Secretary, G, University of Glasgow) HSBC Bank plc Dr Claire Foullon (Councillor, A, from May 2018, University of Exeter) West End Corporate Banking Centre Prof. Brad Gibson (Councillor, A, until May 2018, University of Hull) 70 Pall Mall London Dr Stacey Habergham-Mawson (Vice-President, A, from May 2018, Liverpool John SW1Y 5EZ Moores University) Prof. Lorraine Hanlon (Councillor, A, from May 2018, University College Dublin) National Westminster Bank St James’ & Piccadilly Branch Dr Caitriona Jackman (Councillor, G, until May 2018, University of Southampton) PO Box 2 DG Kevin Kilburn (Councillor, A, from May 2018) 208 Piccadilly Prof.