ATTACHMENT A

ATTACHMENT A

DRAFT CITY OF SYDNEY WALKING STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN 2014

ATTACHMENT A

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected

Draft Walking Strategy and Action Plan Walking ATTACHMENT A

01/ Lord Mayor’s message 01 02/ Executive summary 02 03/ The walking scene 05 04/ Why walking counts 09 05/ Our ten targets 17 06/ Our four directions 20 07/ List of actions 31 08/ Consultation 36 09/ Governance and monitoring 37 10/ References 38 11/ Appendix A – key walking routes 40 12/ Appendix B – Liveable Green Network (walking) 42 13/ Appendix C – main activity streets 44 Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A We are creating a city that is convenient and inviting for walking by creating lively and interesting streets, new walking Lord Mayor’s connections, improved wayfinding and renewing message main streets Lord Mayor Clover Moore

During consultation for Sustainable Sydney 2030, you told The City of Sydney already has a number of policies and us you wanted a city that is safe and attractive for walking strategies related to walking. The Walking Strategy and and cycling. Action Plan brings together all the actions and measureable targets to deliver a more walkable and liveable city and a For Sydney to remain globally competitive, it must have more effective transport network for everyone. an integrated transport system which is reliable, efficient, and well designed. Walking is a cheap, healthy and environmentally friendly and the Walking Strategy and Action Plan aims to create a city centre and villages as attractive, safe and interesting places for walking. By 2036 it is expected that 280,000 people will live in the City of Sydney and 570,000 people will work here. More people living and working in the city means increased pressure on transport infrastructure. We need to prioritise transport choices that help people to easily get where they need to go. Walking accounts for 92 per cent of trips in the city centre but cities have been designed with a focus wide roads and this means people are crowded on narrow footpaths and have to wait for long periods to cross the road. We need to provide greater priority, safety and amenity so people are encouraged to walk more often. The Walking Strategy and Action Plan outlines how we will encourage walking by improving wayfinding, encouraging through site links, creating lively interesting streets, improving ramps and footpaths and slowing down traffic. Clover Moore Lord Mayor

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A At some point we are all pedestrians. As such, streets should be welcoming to all of us. Executive Jan Gehl, urban designer and architect summary

Sydney is ideal for walking. It is a dense, compact and We can also learn from other cities around the world scenic city that enjoys a good climate. and build on our current work to remain internationally competitive and liveable. Already, walking accounts for over 92% of all trips in the city centre and plays a major role in the economy and transport The City of Sydney supports walking as a mode of transport network. A total of 28% of City of Sydney residents walk to meet the environmental, economic and social objectives to work.1 set in Sustainable Sydney 2030 and Connecting Our City. In the future walking is expected to become even more Our overarching priorities for walking are to: popular with the number of people walking forecast to 1. Make walking quick, convenient and easy double between 2006 and 2030.2 2. Make walking inviting and interesting It is vital that we plan to accommodate this growth. We need to make it quicker to walk, provide more space 3. Make walking safe and comfortable for walking, create new connections through large 4. Create a strong walking culture street blocks and make it easier and more comfortable for people walking. This strategy includes ambitious but achievable targets to meet these priorities. These targets are based on a review We also need to plan for universal accessibility to cater of trends and forecasts and will allow us to clearly track for an aging population, increasing numbers of families, our achievements. people with mobility and vision impairment and workers. The centre of the city is about to undergo a major transformation, with proposed light rail on George Street and a pedestrianised section between Bathurst Street and Hunter Street. This is an ideal time to focus on sustainable transport modes.

1 Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census – 2011 2 Connecting Our City – City of Sydney, 2012

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A

Our ten walking targets for 2030:

Walking to make up one third of commuter 1 trips by City of Sydney residents

Walking to account for 60% of local trips within 2 the City of Sydney

Reduce walking times by 10% across key 3 walking routes

Increase footpath capacity by 20% on 4 average on main activity streets through planned upgrades

Improve walking amenity by 10% on main 5 activity streets through planned upgrades

All residents to be within a 10-minute walk 6 (800m) of commercial/retail space suitable for essential daily needs

Every resident to be within a three-minute walk 7 (250m) of continuous green links

Reduce traffic related crashes involving people 8 walking by 50%

Walking to make up 50% of trips to and from 9 late night precincts

90% of residents feel safe walking in the day 10 and night

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A Walking is an easy, low impact and accessible form of transport The walking scene

Sydney today We need to build on these figures and make walking more accessible to everyone and to do this effectively we must Traffic congestion costs metropolitan Sydney businesses take into account the changing demographics of Sydney. an alarming $5 billion per year. This figure is expected to More people, including families, are choosing to live in the 3 increase to nearly $8 billion by 2020. city as a lifestyle choice. Our population is also ageing, Walking plays a major role in minimising this congestion. which means more people will need easy and accessible When people choose to walk it means there is one less options for moving around the city. person on the train, bus or road. We need to design walking infrastructure now to cater for Walking is already a major mode of transport in the City of these future requirements. This includes priority for people Sydney as the figures in the table below reveal. who are walking, with suitably graded footpaths, easy connections, adequate lighting, parks and seating. In 2011/12, within the City of Sydney LGA: Improving the city’s walking options will increase social ––92% of trips in the city centre are made by walking connections and inclusion, making it easy for people to visit each weekday friends, go shopping, get to work and enjoy city life. It will also boost the health and wellbeing of people who live and ––28% of residents walk to work work in Sydney, as well as those who visit the city. ––42% of people who live and work in the area walk to work ––7% of all people employed in Central Sydney walk to work Walking accounts for 92% of ––74% of weekday trips are made by walking trips made within the city centre4 ––46% of weekday trips by local residents are made by walking

––69% of weekend trips are made by walking

Source: Household Travel Survey/Journey to Work – NSW Bureau of Transport Statistics, 2011–12

3+4 Sydney City Centre Access Strategy – Transport for NSW, 2013.

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Walking ATTACHMENT A When walking is prioritised, all transport modes benefit Brent Toderian, city planner and urbanist, former chief planner Vancouver

Strategic context City of Sydney framework The City’s Walking Strategy is part of a broader policy Local government plays a significant role in planning and framework at a local and state government level. delivering walking-related infrastructure. For example, footpaths and parks are generally the responsibility of NSW Government framework local government. It is critical local governments plan The NSW Government has developed a strategic and deliver walking infrastructure in a coordinated and framework that helps guide the planning, design and targeted manner. delivery of walking-related infrastructure. This includes: The key City of Sydney documents are: ––The NSW Government’s Long Term Transport Master Plan, ––Sustainable Sydney 2030 is the City’s overarching strategy. which outlines the objectives and key actions to improve This sets out a vision for a city designed for walking and the NSW Transport System. Walking is highlighted as a actions to create a more liveable and accessible city. critical mode of transport, particularly in sections discussing public transport. The focus for walking as a mode of ––The Liveable Green Network – a program to develop a transport in this document is on short trips, under two network of green corridors with lively streets that connect kilometres, to minimise congestion and improve local the city, village centres, major transport and entertainment amenity and the environment. hubs, cultural precincts, parks and open space. As part of this, projects for footpath widening, lighting improvements ––Sydney’s Walking Future discusses the challenges and landscaping began in 2012. The City currently invests and opportunities for walking as a mode of transport. over $15M per year on footpath upgrades, new pedestrian It highlights walking as a local transport mode that crossings and additional footpaths. allows people to connect to services, goods and other transport modes. ––Connecting Our City aims to improve transport and access to ensure Sydney remains globally competitive. Key ––The Sydney City Centre Access Strategy details how the city targets include: centre transport options will be prioritised. This document discusses the need to transform the transport network to •10% of trips within central Sydney made on foot or by bike cater for the new light rail system and pedestrian zone by 2030 (George Street). Walking features as the key mode of •50% of local trips made on foot by 2030. transport, with over 92% of trips in the city centre made ––The City of Sydney’s Local Environmental Plan and by foot. The document outlines a key pedestrian zone Development Control Plan provide controls for development where people walking will be prioritised. The strategy also in the local area.They address how people move around highlights the importance of improving safety for people and the interface between public and private property. walking and proposes a 40km/h speed zone within the city centre. The document also provides direction on reducing congestion, future growth and improving the customer experience.

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A

Our achievements to date The City of Sydney is committed to transforming the ––Revitalised city laneways. Newly activated city laneways, city’s walking environment. Some of our significant such as the city centre’s Angel Place and Haymarket’s achievements include: Kimber Lane, which include public art and infrastructure upgrades to encourage walking. ––A Liveable Green Network. The City is delivering major walking infrastructure across the Liveable Green Network ––Major public events. These include Sydney New Year’s including new road crossings and major street upgrades. Eve, Art and About Sydney, Vivid, Chinese New Year and many local markets and festivals. ––Transforming George Street. The City advocated for pedestrianisation and light rail along the major These events see our public spaces host a range of thoroughfare. The City has committed $220 million for exhibits and installations and encourage people to walk public domain upgrades to ensure George Street is the and interact. premier street for walking in the city. ––A Culture Walks App. This allows people to discover ––Major upgrades to Pitt Street Mall. These include the city on foot using self-guided tours while learning upgrades to paving and new trees, seating, lighting and about the history and stories behind neighbourhoods and awnings to improve the pedestrian experience. specific sites. ––Upgrades to streets across the city. The City currently ––Traffic calming measures. These include new shared spends over $15 million per year on walking infrastructure. zones and low-speed environments to provide greater This work includes footpath widening, laying new granite pedestrian amenity and safety. paving and installing new lighting, trees and hedges. ––Careful planning in urban renewal areas. This ensures Notable completed upgrades include Crown Street, effective pedestrian connections and safe and attractive Glebe Point Road, Bulletin Place, Foley Street, Newtown public spaces. Station precinct and Cleveland Street. Significant projects scheduled to commence in 2014 include further upgrades ––International conferences. In October 2014, the City of to Crown Street, Bridge Lane and Tank Stream Way. Sydney is co-hosting Walk21 – International Conference on Walking and Liveable Communities. This is the world’s ––Road safety campaigns and initiatives. These have leading conference on walking and walkable communities. contributed to a 33% reduction in traffic accidents involving pedestrians, from 183 accidents in 2007 to 123 in 2012. ––Comprehensive wayfinding. The new Wayfinding strategy will help residents and visitors navigate the city and explore its attractions more easily by foot. It includes new signs, maps and flyers as well as online information.

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Walking ATTACHMENT A

Key partners The City plays a key role in the delivery of walking infrastructure and programs but we cannot deliver a walkable environment alone. A wide range of organisations are involved in assessing, approving and supporting walking infrastructure, including State Government agencies, neighbouring councils, non-government organisations, schools and universities.

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A

Why walking counts

Almost three quarters of people say they could walk more.5 If we can encourage them to do so we will create a The benefits of walking stronger economy, a cleaner environment, a safer and more Economic equitable city and a healthier and more connected society. Importantly, we’ll also reduce the congestion on our streets. ––More space efficient – people can access places faster and more easily In 2007 the City engaged renowned Danish urban designer and architect Jan Gehl to undertake a study of public ––Supports local business – people who walk more tend space and public life in central Sydney. Jan Gehl’s career to spend more at local businesses has focused on improving the quality of urban life by re- ––Enables direct access to businesses orienting city design towards people. He has collaborated with numerous cities around the world to help create better, ––Encourages diverse land uses more liveable urban centres; including Copenhagen, Social London, Melbourne, New York and Moscow. ––Socially inclusive and equitable The study identifies several barriers to walking in the city, including traffic congestion, low pedestrian priority, high ––A safe and flexible mode of transport traffic speeds, uninteresting streetscapes, lack of safety ––Creates a sense of vibrancy in communities and crowded footpaths. ––Improves quality of life through better social connections Through the actions identified in this strategy, the City will address these and other barriers. This will result in a more ––Improves physical and mental health walkable environment and a number of associated benefits. Environmental ––Minimises local pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions ––Reduces congestion ––Minimises noise pollution

5 Sydney’s Walking Future – Transport for NSW, 2013

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Walking ATTACHMENT A Up to 50% of walking time is spent waiting to cross a road6

A more efficient transport network Congestion is a result of high demand and restricted A focus on increasing walkability can also improve the space. Central Sydney and our village centres experience efficiency of the taxi network, an important part of the city’s severe traffic congestion, particularly in peak periods. The public transport. Taxis provide a flexible option for people avoidable cost of traffic congestion to Metropolitan Sydney with limited mobility, those who require extra assistance is $5b per year. or who need to travel to areas poorly serviced by other transport options. But ad hoc stopping by taxis causes congestion, especially in the city centre. Effective walking routes and good wayfinding can encourage people to walk Traffic congestion costs to a rank rather than hail a taxi. 7 Sydney $5 billion per year Good walking conditions also encourage visitors who arrive by car to stop and park once, then make multiple journeys on foot rather than driving short distances and re-parking.

A recent study suggests there may be savings to the Sydney community for every kilometre not driven.8 By increasing the amount of walking, we can reduce the significant cost of congestion. This means the road network is more reliable and the local environment is cleaner. An efficient public transport network relies on an efficient walking network. Where direct walking routes and good priority are provided, people can walk further in less time. The resultant increase in public transport catchments means fewer stops are required and overall travel times are reduced.

6 Public Space Public Life – Jan Gehl, 2007 7 Sydney City Access Strategy – Transport for NSW, 2013 8 Estimating the benefits of walking. A cost benefit methodology – PWC/PCAL/DEECW, 2010

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A People who walk shop locally and visit most often – walking is good for local business9

Mode split and trip distance 2010/11 Retail 100% Other Walking is critical to the economic success of our village centres. The relationship between transport choice, 90% shopping frequency and retail spending has been the Taxi subject of national and international research, with 80% notable studies by Transport for London and the National Heart Foundation in Australia.11 70% Ferry This research shows that investing in the walking 60% Vehicle environment boosts local business activity. While people passenger walking spend less money on average per visit to a local 50% business, they visit more often and spend a greater amount Vehicle over a one-year period.11+12 40% driver 30% Train 67% of people travel to the 20% 10 Bus city’s main streets on foot 10% Bicycle Large retail companies use footfall (the number of people 0% entering a shop or shopping area on foot) to estimate the amount of business a space may generate and Walk only rents are based on this figure. London neighbourhoods Up to 1km 2.01-5km have reported rises in retail rents as a result of 10.01-20km walkability improvements.12 Source: 2010/11 Household Travel Survey – NSW Bureau of Transport Statistics, 2012

A stronger economy Walking does not, generally, require any special equipment, 9 Consumer behaviour and travel mode choices – Clifton, 2012 it is free and individuals have control over the route they 10 Business Precinct Surveys, City of Sydney 2014 take. As such, it is one of the most cost-effective modes 11 Making the case for Investment in the Walking Environment, of transport for short trips. There are also many other A review of the evidence – UWE, 2011 & Good for Business, economic benefits. The benefits of making streets more walking and cycling friendly – National Heart Foundation, 2011 12 Economic value of walkability – Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 2014

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Walking ATTACHMENT A More people would walk if it were easier, more direct and safer

Sydney’s Pitt Street Mall is now one of the world’s Residential most valued retail areas ($8,875 per square metre per Good walking infrastructure can increase residential annum)13 due in part to public domain upgrades and property values by up to 11%.16 Property professionals use pedestrianisation. Despite these high rents, many retailers walkability ratings for property valuations, as illustrated in have relocated to Pitt Street from elsewhere in the city, the online service walkscore.com which lists properties illustrating the success of the area. alongside their walkability scores, walkability being the Encouraging ‘dwell time’ by creating a space conducive area’s ease of access to vital services and activities through to walking and socialising leads to an increase in retail walking. The website is widely used by researchers, people spending. The longer people spend in an area, the more searching for a home and property professionals. likely they are to spend money. By upgrading streets to make them more attractive and inviting to people walking we can help strengthen the Key barriers to walking: economic performance of our city and village centres. –Distance Case Studies –Time Melbourne –Terrain A study of the Melbourne suburb of Yarra14 revealed –Carrying heavy bags that while locals who walk to the main shopping streets spend about 50% less per visit, they provide 75% of the –Lack of motivation local retail and services turnover due to return visits. The study observed that the ‘non-drive in’ spend is always –Poor quality footpaths bigger than anticipated. –Multi-destination/purpose trip New York –Habit After improving the local walking environment, the 17 New York City Department of Transport analysed the –Safety and security economic impact of the changes. The revitalised shopping strip of Colombus Avenue on the Upper West 13 Spotlight Sydney CBD Retail – Savills, March 2014 Side experienced a revenue increase of 20% compared to an average 9% growth elsewhere in the borough. 14 Good for Business, The benefits of making streets more The Hub in The Bronx, a busy transport interchange, walking and cycling friendly – National Heart Foundation, 2011 experienced a retail sales increase of 50% compared 15 The Economic Benefits of Sustainable Streets – New York City to only 18% for the wider area after the department Department of Transport, 2013 15 installed new walking signals and crossings. 16 Economic value of walkability – Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 2014 17 Sydney’s Walking Future – Transport for NSW 2013

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A

Tourism Walking is the most Tourism is a vital industry for Sydney. Spending from international and domestic visitors makes up 20–25% of our environmentally friendly city’s retail turnover and Sydney’s tourism industry helps mode of transport support more than 10,000 businesses.

Tourists to Sydney explore mostly on foot. The City’s research shows tourists use George Street, but they A cleaner environment find it difficult to navigate the city and connect to other The Australian Government estimates that in 2010 the destinations from there. Australian road transport sector was responsible for greenhouse gas emissions totalling 78.7 million tonnes By improving the walkability of the city we will support the of direct carbon dioxide. This is projected to rise to 90.3 tourism industry and our businesses. million tonnes by 2020. Public health Cars are responsible for approximately half of this figure. The economic implications of increased walking on health The average car carrying 1.2 passengers emits 302 grams services are significant. The Australian Government of carbon dioxide equivalent per passenger kilometre. estimates that across Australia physical inactivity costs By comparison, average emissions of people walking the economy $13.8 billion a year. Investment in walking is negligible. A shift away from private vehicle use and infrastructure has been shown to deliver a net health benefit towards walking could significantly curb air pollution in of 144 cents for each kilometre walked.18 More people local areas and improve air quality in Sydney. walking means a healthier population and less burden on the health service. Motor vehicle exhaust emissions are responsible for over 70% of the nitrous oxide and over 38% of the volatile organic compounds in Sydney19

18+19 Walking, Riding and Access to Public Transport – Australian Government, 2012

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Walking ATTACHMENT A

Research shows that when greenhouse gas emissions, A healthier population noise reduction and improved air quality are considered together, the value of investing in active transport-related If current trends continue, by 2025 close to 80% of the 22 infrastructure is about 5.9 cents per kilometre travelled.20 Australian population will be overweight or obese. This is a significant problem, attributed in part to a sedentary lifestyle and transport systems that discourage walking. Walking is an easy way to increase activity throughout the In 2011–12 over 60% of the day and minimise the effects of a sedentary lifestyle. Australian population was Research shows people who participate in regular physical either overweight or obese21 activity have less chance of developing heart disease, stroke, type II diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, and are less likely to be obese.23 Walking is also linked to lower incidences of poor mental health and may help alleviate stress and anxiety related disorders.24

20 Walking, Riding and Access to Public Transport – Australian Government, 2012 21 Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2012 22 Future prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian children and adolescents 2005-2025, 2008 23 The benefits of regular walking for health, well-being and the environment – C3 Collaborating for Health, 2011

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A

A safer, equitable and more Case Study connected society The Global Corporate Challenge is an annual event that encourages participants to walk more. Participants Safety receive a pedometer and record their daily steps, Safety is an important consideration when walking around tracking progress against other participants. Observed city streets. Greater perceived and actual safety is a key health benefits include: benefit of a more walkable environment. ––90% of participants reported improved overall health In 2012, 267 crashes occurred in the local area between and wellbeing vehicles and pedestrians, of which one was a fatality. The ––51% of participants reported reduced stress levels chart below shows the degree to which pedestrians are represented in road crashes. ––27% of participants experienced lowered blood pressure ––Among those who lost weight, average loss was 4.5kg24 People in crashes – Sydney LGA 2012

Driver 31% Pedestrian 26% Motorcyclist 22% Bike rider 11%

40% of people report feeling Passenger 10% unsafe on empty streets25

24 AstraZeneca Case Study – Global Corporate Challenge, 2013 Source: TfNSW Centre for Road Safety 25 Resident Survey – City of Sydney, 2011 www.roadsafety.transport.nsw.gov.au/statistic

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Walking ATTACHMENT A

Reducing speed limits and prioritising walking can address Social and people connections and lower these accident statistics. Attractive and well-designed streets encourage more A total of 87% of residents feel safe walking in their local people to walk. This leads to greater opportunities for social area in the day. This figure drops to 73% at night26. Whether interactions, which allow people to become more involved the risk to personal security is perceived or real, people are in their local community. more likely to walk where they feel safe. In neighbourhoods with higher traffic volumes and less Around 40% of respondents to a City survey said the walking, residents are more detached and show less biggest factor that makes them feel unsafe in the public concern for their local environment. Conversely, UK domain is empty streets. research shows that when people spend more time walking their local streets, they develop a stronger attachment to It is crucial that Sydney is a safe city for residents, workers 30 and visitors. their neighbourhood. Walkable environments maximise access to education, jobs Equity and services. Walking is a reliable form of transport and Walking is the most equitable form of transport, for short is not contingent on getting the right service or avoiding trips, available to people of all ages, incomes and locations. peak hour. The average cost of transport for an Australian family is 27 about 16% of their total income and this could be reduced Case Study by choosing to walk for short trips. Research by the City Futures Research Centre31 and the Research from the NSW Bureau of Transport Statistics City of Sydney in 2013 reveals that socialising in parks indicates car ownership and licensing of drivers is and other public spaces was the second most popular declining. Approximately 10% fewer people in their 20s held way Green Square residents made contact with each 28 a driver’s license in 2009 compared to 1998 and many other. This illustrates the importance of public spaces people are choosing not to own a car. In the local area 40% such as streets in facilitating social interactions and of households do not have a car. building a sense of community. 40% of households in the local 29 area do not own a car 26 Residents Survey – City of Sydney, 2011 27 2009-10 ABS Household Expenditure Survey, Australia 28 Why are young people driving less? – Raimond and Milthorpe, 2010 29 ABS – Census of Population and Housing 2006 and 2011 30 Sustaining Place through community walking initiatives – Dobson, 2011 31 City Futures Research Centre – Green Square Pilot Survey, 2013

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A We will be accountable for creating a more walkable environment Our ten targets

The City has developed targets for walking efficiency, Mode of transport for employed residents capacity, amenity and safety. These targets are ambitious but achievable. 2011 2030 % % They are based on a review of trends and forecasts, and Train will enable the City to clearly track our achievements. Bus We will collaborate with key agencies to meet these targets, including Transport for NSW and Roads and Ferry 37 47 Maritime Services. Tram With the local population predicted to double from 2006 to Taxi 2030, work to meet these targets is ongoing. Car driver 10 (target from 1. Walking to account for one third of Car passenger 30 Connecting our City) commute trips by City of Sydney residents Motorbike/scooter by 2030 Truck 0 0 ––Current rate: 29% 10 (target from Bicycle 4 Connecting our ––Data source: Australian Bureau Statistics Journey to City) Work data Walk only 29 33 ––Note: Green Square will see the biggest rates of residential Total 100 100 growth in the local area, with an estimated 60% of residents working in the inner city. Due to the distance between Source: ABS, 2011 JTW Table 17 Green Square and central Sydney, the proportion of people walking to and from work may be lower, and this will impact our overall data.

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Walking ATTACHMENT A

2. Walking to account for 60% of local trips 4. Increase footpath capacity by 20% on within the City of Sydney by 2030 average on main activity streets through ––Current rate: 47% on weekdays and 43% on weekends planned upgrades by 2030 ––Data source: NSW Bureau of Transport Statistics Current data: existing capacity Household Travel Survey Data Data source: City of Sydney, measured in square metres. Note: The ‘main activity streets’ are identified in Sustainable Local area purpose of travel (trips %) Sydney 2030. All streetscape upgrades will apply the City’s streets design code. Commute 20%

Work related 5. Improve walking amenity by 10% on business 7% main activity streets through planned Education/childcare upgrades by 2030 6% Current rate: to be collected Shopping 18% Data source: local area perception surveys Personal business 7% Note: To be measured before and after key streetscape Social/recreation 27% upgrades. Serve passenger 7% Other 8% 6. All residents to be within a 10-minute walk (800m) of commercial/retail space suitable for essential daily needs by 2030 Source: BTS, 2010/11 Household Travel Survey (HTS), Current rate: 94% five years pooled Data source: City of Sydney Mapping Data Note: A 10 minute walk is considered a reasonable 3. Reduce walking times by 10% across key distance for most people to walk comfortably. Essential walking routes by 2030 goods and services include convenience stores, health services, schools and childcare. Planning will ensure ––Current rate: to be collected sufficient space is suitable for essential services. ––Data source: Walking surveys ––Note: Key walking routes offer the greatest opportunities for improvement. These are detailed in Appendix A.

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A

7. Every resident to be within a three-minute 10. 90% of residents feel safe walking in the walk (250m) of continuous green links day and night by 2030 Current rate: 91% Current rate: 85% of people feel safe or unconcerned Data source: City of Sydney mapping Data Data source: City of Sydney surveys Note: The Liveable Green Network will connect the harbour foreshore, harbour parklands, and Moore, Centennial and Sydney parks by 2030. Development in key urban renewal areas will include new through-site links and open spaces.

8. Reduce traffic-related crashes involving people walking by 50% by 2030 Current rate: 267 crashes in 2012 Data source: NSW Centre for Road Safety

9. Walking to account for 50% of trips to and from late night precincts by 2030 Current rate: 37% Data source: City of Sydney surveys Note: More people leave late night precincts by walking than arrive by walking. This indicates potential growth in the number of people walking to late night precincts.

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Walking ATTACHMENT A

Our four directions

The City will focus on four major ways to encourage walking Direction 1. in the city. These have been identified through a wide- ranging review of domestic and international research, Make walking quick, convenient and easy evidence and case studies. People will choose to walk when it is quick, convenient Our four directions are: and easy. The urban environment must have clear and 1. Make walking quick, convenient and easy consistent signs, and direct and complete walking routes. 2. Make walking inviting and interesting Priority for people walking 3. Make walking safe and comfortable Over the past 50 years many of our streets have been designed for vehicles, with very little focus on pedestrians. 4. Create a strong walking culture Intersections along major routes into the city give vehicles priority over pedestrians. Wait times for pedestrians at traffic lights can be lengthy and crossing times short. Each direction is underpinned by a number of actions. A full list of these actions, broken down into ongoing, The Public Life Public Spaces Study by Gehl Architects short, medium, long-term actions, is at Section 7 of found that waiting contributed to 50% of total walking times. this document. This is a major disincentive to walking in the city. What is important for walking trips: – Connectivity and reduced delays – Pedestrian safety and personal security – Health and wellbeing benefits – Supporting facilities, e.g. weather protection, wayfinding and end of trip facilities32

32 Sydney’s Walking Future – Transport for NSW, 2013

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A

Complete networks Case Studies The City is already providing complete pedestrian links Central Sydney has a network of underground walkways through delivery of the Liveable Green Network (LGN). connecting Town Hall Station to the QVB and through The LGN aims to provide a comprehensive and legible to Pitt Street Mall. This network is extensively used as pedestrian and cycle network that connects people to the it provides a quicker route across the city than at street City Centre, Village Centres and neighbourhoods, as well as level, which involves waiting to cross busy city streets. to public transport, education and cultural precincts, major This shows the importance of pedestrian priority and parks and recreation facilities. The focus is to provide an amenity in encouraging people to walk. alternative transport choice that makes walking and cycling Pedestrian countdown timers, which display a more attractive than using a car, particularly for short trips. countdown in seconds showing how long pedestrians The LGN project involves infrastructure delivery, public have left to wait before they can safely cross the street, space design, promotion of the network and landscape are used in cities around the world. Their use can help treatments. Delivery of the LGN is an ongoing project. people walking make informed decisions. We are providing new links in our urban renewal areas to The city of Graz in Austria, for example, has invested ensure more direct pedestrian routes and shorter walking heavily in improving pedestrian priority. It has trialled distances. improving pedestrian priority by making the pedestrian Some areas have incomplete links and indirect routes due green phase the default and only switching to ‘don’t to the traffic network design. For example, some traffic 33 walk’ when a car approaches. lights do not have pedestrian signals and do not allow people to walk across legally. The City will continue to Sydney already has a number of different pedestrian priority complete these networks, make routes more direct and measures in place, including shared zones and marked provide infrastructure where it is currently missing. foot crossings. However, there is scope to work with the NSW Government to increase pedestrian priority and work Case Study to implement different solutions and technologies. The City is delivering a pedestrian link providing more direct access to Sydney Park from Coulson Street in Erskineville. The link will make it easier for people to access open space and parklands and will reduce the 33 www.eltis.org (Case Studies) walk time from parts of Erskineville to St Peters train station. This is an example of how a relatively simple infrastructure investment creates better connections and encourages walking.

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Walking ATTACHMENT A

Wayfinding Case Studies Sydney’s street network is not a simple grid. It can be hard to navigate and the most direct route is often not apparent. In 2012 the City of Sydney adopted ‘Legible Sydney’, a wayfinding strategy for the City. The strategy aims When people perceive walking to be difficult they are to improve wayfinding and navigation in the city more likely to take a car or a taxi. They may also feel and components include signage, maps, digital unsafe or uncomfortable. We will encourage walking by applications, visitor information centres and public providing a legible street network and comprehensive domain improvements. The wayfinding ‘kit’ includes wayfinding information. pylons, flags, surface mounted maps, tactile indicators Clear wayfinding information is critical for people who visit and destination markers for City Community buildings the local area and do not have access to mobile technology and other key destinations. A pilot project is scheduled or for people with vision impairment. for mid 2014, with ongoing rollout across the City to follow, beginning with the city centre. The roll-out will In urban renewal areas, such as Green Square and the incorporate refinements based on the pilot. Ashmore Precinct, the City is creating new streets with a clear hierarchy, high quality architecture on corner sites and There are numerous websites and projects that maintaining views to landmarks to provide a clear sense of help promote walking. Websites such as Walkit.com place and assist navigation. These principles are also used offer tools to assist with pedestrian route planning. to guide new infill development in existing areas. Users enter a start point and destination and the tool calculates direct, quiet and low pollution routes. Some also offer circular routes from a fixed point, which can be used to plan recreational walks.

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A

Actions to make walking quick, convenient ––Work with NSW Government to develop walking access and easy: plans for major transport hubs such as Redfern and Green Square ––Design all walking-related infrastructure to increase mobility for all users ––New developments and urban renewal areas to be designed using a ‘people first’ approach, with walking and ––All key routes of the Liveable Green Network (LGN) are cycling being the starting point for movement planning safe, accessible, connected and amenable with high level of pedestrian priority by 2030 ––Work with neighbouring local government authorities to deliver improvements to walking infrastructure in a ––Audit and upgrade LGN infrastructure to be safe and coordinated way accessible by 2020 ––Create at least 5km of additional pedestrianised streets ––Provide walking priority facilities on the Citywide Pedestrian and laneways. Priority Network of the LGN by 2030 ––Create a Public Domain Access Policy/Plan ––Undertake a walkability audit every 5 years to determine improvement in walkability ––Implement an integrated wayfinding system across the local area ––Develop and distribute local walking maps to identify walking distances and times ––Formalise workplace travel plan (Green Travel Plan) requirements and applicability ––Implement existing planning controls that aim to break up large blocks by encouraging through-site links ––Work with NSW Government to investigate opportunities to improve pedestrian priority through amended signal timings, countdown timers and mid-block crossing opportunities ––Work with NSW Government to review designs, standards, warrants and technical directions for walking-related infrastructure such as marked foot crossings and footpath continuations

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Walking ATTACHMENT A

Direction 2. Local places Delivering distinctive and attractive public places Make walking inviting and interesting (placemaking) is a critical component of creating an inviting People will choose to walk along routes that are visually and interesting walking environment. interesting and where there are a variety of things to do Outside of our main activity streets, there are lots of and see. placemaking opportunities. A recent example is the Making a place visually interesting and enticing includes revitalisation of Kimber Lane in Chinatown. Once a encouraging business activity at street level and, where neglected and disused alleyway, Kimber Lane has been appropriate, installing public art, providing landscaped transformed into a meeting place and popular thoroughfare areas, and well-designed street frontages and entries using a combination of paint, seating and suspended art to residences. work with ties to Aboriginal and Chinese history. Lively streets Another way we can encourage people to walk, particularly in their local neighbourhood, is through temporary street Successful pedestrian cities balance sufficient footpath closures. Street closures have proven successful in cities capacity to allow freedom of movement alongside vibrant around the world. Transport for NSW, through the recently street activities. released walking strategy, Sydney’s Walking Future, has De-cluttering is an important part of this balance. We can committed to developing guidelines for a statewide achieve this by consolidating street signage and furniture community street closure initiative and the City will work and placing these in consistent locations. Well-designed closely with the NSW Government to progress this work. spaces next to footpaths are equally important. The City will continue to encourage this through its planning controls.

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A

Case Studies Chicago Sydney The Make Way for People initiative by the Chicago Department of Transportation is a good example of Art & About Sydney is an annual arts festival held how disused parking stations, alleys and plazas can in Sydney where public art is displayed in streets, be turned into interesting and vibrant public spaces. laneways, parks and squares across the city. The event Activating these spaces using temporary furniture, encourages people to walk and spend more time planting and paint improves street safety, promotes enjoying the city’s public spaces. walking and supports economic development. As part of their Bondi Junction Complete Streets project, Waverley Council piloted two temporary pop-up projects We already aim to create a built environment that – Jigsaw and Urban Lounge. These pilots encourage encourages walking through the City’s planning people to spend time in the public domain by providing controls. These principles are particularly evident in the games to play, places to sit and even power points to masterplanning of urban renewal areas such as Green charge laptops and phones. Square and major developments such as the Johnston’s Other temporary treatments seen around the world, Creek Master Plan. This includes breaking up large blocks, including rainbow crossings, hopscotch walkways and providing through-site links for greater permeability, the famous Piano Staircase - which transformed the restricting parking and providing a human scale stairs leading out of the Odenplan subway in Stockholm, to developments. Sweden, into a giant functioning piano keyboard - Actions to make walking inviting and interesting: may seem small and insignificant, but they contribute in important ways to placemaking and encouraging ––Upgrade all activity streets to comply with City of Sydney people to walk. standards by 2030 A key aspect of making walking inviting and interesting ––Implement a system/guide that considers place-based is providing appropriate street furniture to allow for context for streetscape design and facilities people to stop and rest. Appropriate furniture also ––Implement planning controls that encourage active street encourages people to stop and spend time in the public frontages on activity streets domain, adding vibrancy and activity to the street. The City has a number of adopted design codes, including ––Encourage low-rent/short-term uses in vacant retail units, the Streets Design Code, which provides guidelines particularly in urban renewal areas on where street furniture should be located based on ––Investigate and implement innovative ways to improve research and analysis of standards and best practice. footpath and footpath dining capacity (e.g. parklets and New York style park and pot plant improvements) ––Encourage provision of end-of-trip facilities (changing rooms, showers and lockers)

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Walking ATTACHMENT A

Direction 3. Case Studies Make walking safe and comfortable In May 2014 the NSW Government announced the creation of a 40km/h speed limit zone in Central Sydney. People will avoid walking where they feel unsafe or The zone is bounded by Hay, Kent, Pitt and Castlereagh uncomfortable. For pedestrians, this refers to personal streets and will connect with the existing 40km/h security and/or road safety. People will also avoid walking zone in The Rocks. The City first endorsed a proposal where they are likely to be uncomfortable through exposure to introduce 40km/h speed limits in 2004 and has to the elements. It is important to design environments advocated for this since. The City will work with the NSW where people feel safe and comfortable. Government to implement the new zone and improve Road safety pedestrian safety. Safety for people is a top priority for the City. Walking ‘Distracted walking’ is an emerging trend due to the is the safest mode of transport for people and the City proliferation of smartphones. In Portland, Oregon, designs the public domain to protect the vulnerable accidents involving pedestrians using mobile phones road user. In most cases this means designing a low- and buses have doubled in the last eight years. The speed environment. It also means that where different City of Portland is exploring ways to combat this modes use the same space (for example shared zones), trend. For example, when turning corners some buses safety for all users is a critical design consideration. play automated voice warnings and switch on extra headlights to provide greater visibility and act as a Many Sydney streets are wide with high speed limits and warning to pedestrians.34 narrow footpaths. Slower vehicle speeds are a major factor in encouraging safe and welcoming pedestrian environments. Speeds can be lowered through changes to To improve general pedestrian safety, amenity and the speed limit or through traffic calming measures. connectivity, the City has closed a number of roads. For example, Council has approved the closure of a section of Reducing the width of traffic lanes also reduces vehicle Defries Avenue in Zetland to create a public plaza and to speeds and can make crossing the road safer for people enhance the pedestrian environment. The City continues to walking. Pedestrian refuge islands can also assist. This is explore options for road closures. important for older people or those with reduced mobility. The City will continue to improve the environment and prioritise walking as far as possible within current guidelines. For example, to install a marked foot crossing 34 www.trimet.org (zebra crossing), a local authority must also demonstrate that the relevant intersection meets certain criteria including minimum vehicle and pedestrian numbers.

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A

Personal security Comfort The design of buildings has a significant effect on how Comfort is a factor in whether people will choose to walk safe a place feels. Research by the City revealed that an or not. Exposure to rain or extreme heat, excessive noise average of 80% of residents feel safe walking in their local from fast moving traffic, or strong winds, for example, will area day and night. Designing and delivering places where act as a disincentive to people walking. This is illustrated people feel safe is critical. by the fact that on rainy days the inner city public transport network is placed under pressure due to extra patronage by Building design can improve the safety of an area by those who may normally walk or cycle. By providing reliable employing Crime Prevention through Environmental Design and continuous cover and some buffering from traffic, we (CPTED) principles, including minimising alleyways with no can make walking more comfortable and pleasant, and a through-access, having clear sight lines, and increasing viable option every day. passive surveillance. Planning and design of developments should address the street and provide individual entries to People may also be discouraged from walking if there are residential developments. not opportunities to stop and rest. This is particularly true for older people, those with young children or those with High quality and reliable lighting is an important part of reduced mobility. Jan Gehl’s study of Sydney36 revealed creating places that feel safe. The City will continue to roll- that Central Sydney has the same amount of benches as out improved lighting across the local area. Copenhagen, yet twice the amount of residents. Providing places where people can stop and rest can also create Case Study informal social hubs and assist with placemaking. The relationship between well lit areas and increased pedestrian activity is complex and has been extensively Case Study researched. UK-based research35 across three housing The network of underground walkways around the estates showed that where improvements were made Town Hall and Pitt Street area of Central Sydney are to lighting, pedestrian activity generally increased. heavily utilised on especially hot, cold or wet days. This This research does not suggest that better lighting will illustrates the importance of shelter from the elements to result in more people feeling safe in every context, but it pedestrians and the importance of providing this shelter suggests street lighting improvements may help reduce to encourage walking. crime and fear of crime at night.

35 The Crime Reducing Effect of Improved Street Lighting: The Dudley Project – Kate Painter and David P Farrington, 1997 36 Public Space Public Life – Jan Gehl, 2007

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Walking ATTACHMENT A

Actions to make walking safe and comfortable: Direction 4. ––Investigate and request low-speed environments in the local area Create a strong walking culture ––Investigate and promote safe routes to schools This strategy celebrates walking and people who walk. The value of pedestrians to urban places and the broader ––Work with NSW Government to increase active transport transport system is often overlooked. to schools Walking takes pressure off other parts of the transport ––Continue roll-out of improved pedestrian lighting, including system while adding vitality to the public domain LED lighting, to Liveable Green Network key routes and creating a more liveable community through ––Work with Ausgrid to ensure LED lighting is adopted social interaction. across all of their lighting categories to ensure improved Walking is still seen by some as a ‘lesser’ mode of lighting quality transport. Recognising that this stigma still exists in ––Activity streets, urban renewal areas and major street some places is an important step in creating a strong upgrades to be designed as low-speed environments (e.g. walking culture. Harold Park and Green Square) including using innovative There are many opportunities to ensure we create a culture traffic calming measures where walking is promoted as the best way to get around ––All new developments and urban renewal areas to have and where it is the first choice for short trips. consideration of crime prevention through environmental Changing attitudes and supporting travel choice design (CPTED) principles. Traditionally, policies aimed at encouraging walking as a mode of transport have focused on providing infrastructure, assuming that a greater uptake of walking will follow. However, this approach is generally insufficient to encourage large shifts in transport behaviour. A solution to this may be as simple as raising greater awareness of local facilities and infrastructure, although other limiting factors will remain. Sydney-based research37 suggest that attitudes, emotions and perceptions play a crucial role in transport mode choice. For example, for some people driving is seen as the ‘norm’ and social groups informally police this behaviour.

37 Secured by Automobility: Why does the private car continue to dominate transport practices? Kent (UNSW), 2013

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A

This research also demonstrates that the greatest changes Schools in travel behaviour occur when people are in transitional Walking is an important early milestone for most children periods, such as moving house, jobs or schools. By and remains a vital mode of transport throughout younger focusing efforts on these transitional moments we can years. Perceptions of walking are also formed at this early potentially achieve greater behavioural change. stage of life with views on different modes of transport As large urban renewal projects such as Green Square and influenced by the behaviour of relatives, friends and Barangaroo gather pace, and the City’s residential and neighbours and the availability, or lack of, transport options. worker population increases, there is a huge opportunity to Schools are generally keen to reduce traffic congestion maximise walking through targeted campaigns. around the gate for safety reasons. Parents also want their children to be fit, healthy and enjoy spending time with Case Study their peers. All these needs can be satisfied by making In 2012 London hosted the Olympic Games. Transport walking to and from school easier and more attractive. By for London (TfL) undertook a behaviour change focusing on school-age children, good behaviours can be campaign to reduce the use of private vehicles, change embedded at an early age and are more likely to lead to the times people worked and promoted walking healthy and sustainable choices later in the child’s life. and cycling. One of the biggest challenges to achieving an increase in TfL used a number of travel demand management walking by younger school age children is personal and techniques. For those commuting, three messages road safety. This results in parents driving their children were used – take annual leave, work from home or work to school to ensure they arrive safely. One of the most from a different location. Messaging about congested transport networks was also employed. TfL achieved a effective ways to improve safety is to increase the number significant mode shift to walking and cycling, from 20% of people walking and to make walking routes to and from before the event to 27% during the event.38 schools highly visible and well known.

Main Mode before the Games 8% 15% 30% 28% 20%

Main Mode during the Games 7% 16% 22% 29% 27%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Private Transport National Rail/London Overground Bus/Tram Walk and Cycle London Underground/DLR

This is an example of capitalising on a changing environment enabling sustainable transport mode shift.

38 Olympic Legacy Monitoring: Personal Travel Behaviour during the Games – Transport for London, 2013

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Walking ATTACHMENT A

The City already requires Green Travel Plans for most major Case Studies development applications and provides planning incentives The Australian Council of State Organisations organises in the way of floorspace exemptions for developers who Walk Safely to School Day across Australia. This is provide end-of-journey facilities. We will continue this an annual event where primary school children are important work to encourage active transport as a viable encouraged to walk to school and seeks to promote road commute option. safety and the numerous benefits of walking. Actions to create a strong walking culture: Safe Routes to Schools have been in operation around ––Promote walking as a mode of transport, utilising user- the world for several years. In the USA the Federal Safe group targeted campaigns Routes to Schools program was established in 2006 to encourage walking to school across the USA. It is ––Develop, promote and manage events celebrating walking, now operational in every state. To date, US$1.15bn has such as Walk to Work Day and Walking Festival been apportioned and funds have benefited almost ––Research and monitor walking initiatives to benchmark 15,000 schools. Between 2007 and 2012, the mode outcomes share of walking to school during the AM peak increased from 12.4% to 15.7% and in the PM peak from 15.8% ––Develop promotional material, including a dedicated to 19.7%.39 page within the City of Sydney website with route finding information ––Review the City of Sydney Walking Strategy and Action Workplaces Plan 2014 every 5 years and report yearly on progress We spend a large proportion of our lives at work and are ––Work with neighbouring local governments to share influenced by the behaviour of our colleagues and the knowledge on delivering walkable environments culture of the organisations where we work. The City is ––Work with NSW Government to increase active transport leading by example and currently undertaking a major to schools upgrade of existing end of trip facilities at Town Hall House, including showers and lockers. ––Investigate and promote safe routes to school Encouraging workplaces to adopt sustainable transport ––City of Sydney to identify a business unit to manage the practices is an important way to change attitudes and walking portfolio. create a culture where walking is more visible and normal. Providing end-of-trip facilities is critical in encouraging active transport for commuting.

39 www.saferoutesinfo.org

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A

List of actions

Actions identified in this Strategy are listed below O5. Implement existing planning controls that aim to and grouped into short, medium and long-term and break up large blocks by encouraging through- ongoing actions. site links Through-site links and new streets in urban renewal Ongoing areas are already implemented through the LEP and DCP. This action seeks to highlight the importance of O1. Create at least 5km of additional pedestrianised providing greater permeability as a way of improving streets and laneways walkability and encourage its wide implementation. This action links to SS2030 and Connecting our City. The transformation of George Street forms a O6. Continue roll-out of improved pedestrian lighting, major component of this work. Other works include including LED lighting, to LGN key routes small road closures, shared zones and laneway This action seeks to improve safety for pedestrians by activation projects. providing a high standard of lighting. O2. Design all walking-related infrastructure to O7. Work with Ausgrid to ensure LED lighting is improve mobility for all users adopted across all of their lighting categories to This action will align with the City’s Inclusion Strategy ensure improved lighting quality and DDA requirements and seeks to future proof This action seeks to improve safety for pedestrians by walking-related infrastructure, allowing for improved providing a high standard of lighting. user mobility. O8. New developments and urban renewal areas to O3. Audit and upgrade LGN infrastructure to be safe be designed using a ‘people first’ approach with and accessible by 2020 walking and cycling being the starting point for This action is to audit the LGN and ensure the network movement planning is safe and accessible for all users This action seeks to ensure that new development is designed in such a way that pedestrian activity is O4. Activity streets, urban renewal areas and major prioritised and promoted as the preferred mode of street upgrades to be designed as low speed local transport. environments (e.g. Harold Park and Green Square), including using innovative traffic O9. All new developments and urban renewal calming measures areas to have consideration of Crime This action seeks to maximise road safety through Prevention Through Environmental Design implementing low speed road environments. RMS (CPTED) principles approval will be required as the City is not the consent This action seeks to ensure that all new development authority for speed limits. considers CPTED principles. This will lead to greater personal safety and perceived safety and encourage walking, particularly after dark.

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Walking ATTACHMENT A

O10. Encourage low rent/short-term uses in vacant O15. Research and monitor walking initiatives to retail units, particularly in urban renewal areas benchmark outcomes In the early stages of urban renewal areas many retail This action seeks to continually improve the way the and commercial uses at ground floor remain unleased City works towards improving walkability. as longer term tenants are difficult to secure. This O16. Review the City of Sydney Walking Strategy and action seeks to minimise vacant spaces at ground Action Plan 2014 every 5 years and report yearly floor through encouraging short term leases during on progress these early years. This action seeks to make the strategy accountable O11. Work with neighbouring Local Governments and ensure that appropriate progress is being made to share knowledge on delivering walkable towards each target. This will form the basis of environments annual reporting. This action seeks to build on existing relationships between the City and neighbouring LGAs and ensure Short Term that knowledge is shared. S1. Create a public domain access policy/plan O12. Develop, promote and manage events This policy is under development and will formalise celebrating walking such as Walk to Work Day a City standard for access and mobility works in the and Walking Festival public domain. This action seeks to celebrate walking as a mode of transport and create a culture of walking. S2. Implement planning controls that encourage active street frontages on activity streets O13. City of Sydney to identify a business unit to This action seeks to maximise passive surveillance manage the walking portfolio and ensure that the public domain is vibrant and This unit would manage the implementation, tracking activated at different times of day. and research of walking tasks at the City of Sydney. S3. Investigate and implement innovative ways to O14. Undertake walkability audit every five years to improve footpath and footpath dining capacity determine improvement in walkability (e.g. parklets and New York City style paint and This action seeks to measure the walkability of pot plant improvements) the LGA, monitor successes and identify areas for This action seeks to improve footpath amenity, improvement. capacity and flexibility through the use of innovative design solutions.

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A

S4. Encourage provision of end-of-trip facilities Medium Term (e.g. changing rooms, showers and lockers) The City’s planning controls already require provision M1. Work with NSW Government to investigate of these facilities. This action may take the form of opportunities to improve pedestrian priority further promotion to communicate the benefits to through amended signal timings, countdown employers and employees of end-of-trip facilities that timers and mid-block crossing opportunities promote walking to work. This action seeks to reduce waiting times for pedestrians. S5. Formalise workplace travel plan (Green Travel Plan) requirements and applicability M2. Work with NSW Government to review designs, This action seeks to ensure that employees are well standards, warrants and technical directions for informed about options for travelling to and from work walking-related infrastructure (e.g. marked foot and can make informed decisions. crossings and footpath continuations) Specific criteria set by NSW Government, such as S6. Work with NSW Government to develop walking pedestrian count thresholds, must be met prior to access plans for major transport hubs such as installation of pedestrian infrastructure. This action Redfern and Green Square seeks to review these criteria to ensure that they do This action seeks to provide wayfinding material at not hinder delivery of necessary infrastructure. major transport hubs that promote walking as a critical mode to reach further destinations. M3. Work with NSW Government to increase active transport to schools S7. Promote walking as a mode of transport by This action seeks to maximise active travel to and utilising user-group targeted campaigns from schools. This action seeks to promote walking as a mode of transport and will target user groups known to have M4. Investigate and promote safe routes to schools low participation rates. This action seeks to maximise active travel to and from schools through provision of improved infrastructure S8. Develop promotional material including and communications. dedicated page within City of Sydney website with route finding information This action seeks to create a webpage that has information on walking in and around the city, including cultural walks and walking to work.

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Walking ATTACHMENT A

M5. Develop and distribute local walking maps to L3. Upgrade all activity streets to comply with City of identify walking distances and times Sydney standards by 2030 This action seeks to provide reliable and clear This action seeks to ensure all activity/main information on walking distances and times to further streets support the local economy by meeting the encourage people to walk and help them gain a requirements of City of Sydney standards, including greater understanding of local geography. the Streets Design Code. M6. Implement a system/guide that considers L4. Investigate and request low speed environments place-based context for streetscape design in the local area and facilities This action seeks to maximise road safety within This action seeks to consider a place-based design the LGA by reducing road traffic speeds to a solution for streets, for example complete streets. minimum 40km/h and select areas where 30km/hr could be implemented. Long Term L5. Implement an integrated wayfinding system L1. All Key Routes of the LGN to be safe, accessible, across the LGA connected and amenable with high level of This action seeks to improve wayfinding and pedestrian priority by 2030 navigation in the LGA. A strategy has been adopted Key Routes of the LGN include the large feeder streets and a pilot project will be installed in mid 2014. into the city centre such as Oxford Street, King Street L6. Work with neighbouring Local Government and William Street. This action seeks to ensure that Authorities to deliver improvements to walking these streets are upgraded and maintained to the infrastructure in a coordinated way highest standard to encourage more people to walk to This action seeks to deliver a complete network of work and to local services. walking infrastructure that spans local government L2. Provide walking priority facilities on the Citywide boundaries and improves walkability on a Pedestrian Priority Network of the LGN by 2030 broader scale. This action seeks to improve priority for people on the top tier of the LGN i.e. the most important component of the network should have priority for people

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected ATTACHMENT A

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Walking ATTACHMENT A

Consultation

The City has engaged and consulted various groups during the development of this Strategy and Action Plan. This included workshops with representatives from surrounding local government areas and key stakeholders, including Transport for NSW, Roads and Maritime Services, the Council of Ageing NSW, the Inclusion (Disability) Advice Panel, The Pedestrian Council of NSW, NSW Police, Guide Dogs NSW, Green Building Council Australia and local businesses. These sessions were designed to understand stakeholders’ key concerns and their priorities for improving the walking environment in the City and local area. Key themes that emerged were the need for more comprehensive wayfinding, greater pedestrian priority and better collaboration between local governments to deliver city wide benefits. This feedback has been integrated into the Strategy and Action Plan. Community consultation will occur as part of the exhibition phase for this document. Feedback received during this period will be collated and considered on merit to further improve this document.

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A

Governance and monitoring

The Walking Strategy and Action Plan provides a clear list of targets and actions the City of Sydney will undertake. Tracking, monitoring and reviewing progress towards these is essential. These actions cover the period 2014–2030. Several actions, such as the Liveable Green Network, require continuous improvement processes. The City will: 1. Establish an internal project control group, including representatives from each City division, to oversee the actions and report to Council annually. 2. Track and measure rates of delivery and deliver an annual report on progress. 3. Review this document every 5 years.

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Walking ATTACHMENT A

References

Extensive research was undertaken by the City of Sydney in – City of Copenhagen – More People to Walk More, The the preparation of this strategy. Some of the key documents Pedestrian strategy of Copenhagen (2011) and webpages used were: – City of Marion – Walking and Cycling Strategy 2012–2017 – AECOM/City of Sydney – Economic Evaluation of Pedestrian (2012) Improvements (2011) – City of Toronto – Toronto Walking Strategy (2009) – AECOM/PCAL – NSW Walking Strategy Literature Review (2011) – Clifton et al. – Consumer behaviour and travel mode choices (2012) – Auckland City Council – Walking Action Plan 2007 – 2012 (2007) – Dobson – Sustaining Place through community walking initiatives (2011) – Australian Government, Bureau of Transport and Regional Services – Estimating urban traffic and congestion cost – Gehl Architects/City of Sydney – Public Spaces Public Life trends for Australian cities, Working Paper No. 71 (2007) Sydney (2007)

– Australian Government, Department of Infrastructure and – Kate Painter – The influence of street lighting improvements Transport – Walking, Riding and Access to Public Transport, on crime, fear and pedestrian street use, after dark (1996) Draft report for discussion (2012) – Kent – Secured by automobility: why does the private car – Bristol City Council – Walking Strategy for Bristol, Our Vision continue to dominate transport practices? (2013) for 2011–2021 (2011) – Knudsen and Clark – Walk and Be Moved: How Walking – C3 Collaborating for Health – The benefits of regular walking Builds Social Movements (2013) for health, well-being and the environment (2012) – Litman/Victoria Transport Policy Institute – Economic Value – Central London Partnership – Economic benefits of good of Walkability (2014) walking environments (2003) – Morency et. al. – Walking to transit: an unexpected source of – CEOs for Cities – Walking and Walk, How Walkability Raises physical activity (2011) Home Values in US Cities (2009) – National Heart Foundation of Australia – Good for Business, – Cevero and Radisch – Travel choices in pedestrian versus The benefits of making streets more walking and cycling automobile oriented neighborhoods (1996) friendly (2011)

– City Futures Research Centre – Green Square Pilot Survey – New Zealand Transport Agency – Pedestrian planning and (2013) design guide (2007)

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A

– PWC/PCAL/DEECW – Estimating the benefits of walking. The statistics used in this strategy have been sourced from A cost benefit methodology (2010) the Australian Bureau of Statistics, NSW Government Bureau of Transport Statistics, and from primary research by the City – Raimond and Milthorpe – Why are young people driving of Sydney. less? Trends in license holding and travel behaviour (2011) This strategy also uses data from Customer Value – RMIT – Transport Policy at the Crossroads: Travel to work in Proposition research by Transport for NSW in 2013, which Australian capital cities 1976–2011 (2012) supports the NSW Government Walking Strategy, Sydney’s Walking Future. – San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency – San Francisco Pedestrian Strategy (2013)

– Transport for London – Improving walkability (2005)

– Transport for London – Making London a walkable city. The Walking Plan for London. (2004)

– Transport for London – Olympic Legacy Monitoring: Personal Travel Behaviour during the Games. (2013)

– Tyler et. al. – The relevance of parking in the success of urban centres (2012)

– University of the West of England – Making the Case for Investment in the Walking Environment, A review of the evidence (2011)

–Victoria Walks – Developing a Walking Strategy (2013)

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Walking ATTACHMENT A

Appendix A – key walking routes

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A

Central Sydney Works Light Rail and pedestrianisation

7

1

6

2 3

5 4

Key

1 Woolloomooloo, Potts Point Elizabeth Bay 2 Darlinghurst, Paddington, Centennial Park 3 Surry Hills, Redfern 4 Redfern, Alexandria, Waterloo, Zetland Roseberry 5 Chippendale, Darlington, Newtown, Erskineville, Alexandria 6 Ultimo, Glebe, Forest Lodge 7 Pyrmont

KEY WALKING ROUTES INTO PRIORITY CONNECTIONS THE CITY CENTRE CONNECTION WALKS

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Walking ATTACHMENT A

Appendix B – Liveable Green Network (walking)

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A

Central Sydney works with light rail and pedestrianisation

CITY OF SYDNEY REGIONAL WALKING NETWORK WALKING NETWORK LOCAL WALKING NETWORK

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Walking ATTACHMENT A

Appendix C – main activity streets

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected Draft Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2030 ATTACHMENT A

Harbour

Kings Cross

Glebe Harris Point Street Haymarket Road

Oxford Redfern Street Street Crown Street King Street

Green Square

Activity zones Activity hubs 800m bu er around activity hubs ° 96% of residents are within the bu er zone 800m bu er zone Future activityMap created hubs by D. Turner Creation date: June 2014 Map name: ActivityCentreBuffers

Geographic: GSC 94 Projection: GDA Zone 56

Sydney2030/Green/Global/Connected ATTACHMENT A