ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences The official scientific journal of Salahaddin University- Erbil ZJPAS (2017), 29 (5); 89-96 http://dx.doi.org/10.21271/ZJPAS.29.5.10

Additional Records of Freshwater Shrimp (: Crustacea) from Greater Zab River and Their Banks, Iraq 1 2 3 Yahya A. Shekha* Luay A. Ali Jamal K. Mohammed Amin Shamal M. A. Abdullah4 Atheer H. Ali5 1, 3 Environmental Sciences Department, College of Science- Salahaddin University, Erbil. 2 Biology Department, College of Education- Salahaddin University, Erbil. 4 Fish Resource and Aquatic Department, College of Agriculture- Salahaddin University, Erbil. 5Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T

Article History: Physicochemical and biological samples in two artificial sand mine ponds and Received: 28/05/2017 Greater Zab River were collected during July to December 2015, in order to Accepted: 29/08/2017 evaluate water quality of these studied ecosystems and their effect on existing of two freshwater shrimps, Mysis relicta which was recorded and described as a new Published: 28 /12 /2017 record for Iraqi fauna while nipponense was recorded in southern Keywords: part of Iraq before more than decades but it regarded as new record in the northern Sand mine, water quality, part of Iraq (Kurdistan region). Results showed that pH values were in alkaline Greater Zab River, freshwater side of neutrality, EC in pond 1 was higher than other two sites, dissolved oxygen -1 shrimps, new record did not fall under 5 mg.l and BOD5 values were high and not suitable for *Corresponding Author: drinking purpose. Sources of nutrient in the studied sites comes from runoff and domestic discharge. . Mysis relicta characterized by living in cooled, well aerated Yahya A. Shekha ecosystem, but in the present study we found it in ponds with water temperature [email protected] over 20 °C and oxygen content less than 9 5 mg.l-1. [email protected]

1. INTRODUCTION abdomen (six or seven segments) with a telson constituting a post segmented region. Sand mining led to degradation of the river Mysis relicta Lovén, 1862 is a member of banks, bed and buffer zone as a results for Mysidaces that regarded as a true freshwater production of sand and gravel a precious species, it is feeds on detritus and benthic resource in the construction industry [Pereira & invertebrates in profundal zone during the day Ratnyaka, 2013; Ashraf et al., 2011; Magna et and feeds on zooplankton and phytoplankton al., 2013]. Produced pits or ponds from mining during night in pelagic zone [Gledhill et al., activities are very valuable freshwater 1993; Lasenby and Langford, 1973]. ecosystems, with special physical, ecological On the other hand, Macrobrachium nipponense and geochemical characteristics [Soni et al., (De Haan, 1849) is a native oriental river 2014], which supporting many unique and rare prawn, it is presence range comprises of China, species, and it play essential role of sustaining Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Myanmar, Taiwan, high regional biodiversity [Miguel-Chinchilla Singapore and most recently in southern Iraq et al., 2014; Soomets et al., 2016]. and in Iran [Cai and Dai, 1999; Cai and Ng, Malacostraca contains almost three-quarters of 2002; Salman et al., 2006; Grave and Ghane, all known species of among them 2006]. shrimp, their body distinctly segmented with a fixed number of segments, it divided into head (six segments), thorax (eight segments) and 90 Shekha et al. /ZJPAS: 2017, 29(5): 84-96

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.2. Sample collection and analysis 2.1. Description of the study area. Water samples for physico- chemical and Khabat subdistrict located on the Greater Zab biological analysis was collected from studied River, with distance about 37 km on west of ponds and Greater Zab River at regular Erbil city. In addition to their activity in monthly intervals from July to December 2015. agriculture, tourism and fishing, the area Laboratory analyses were carried out for characterized by production of raw chemical analysis by using Standard construction material from huge numbers of procedures as described by [APHA, 2012]. artificial open sand mine ponds on shore along Water temperature was measured by using both sides of Greater Zab River. In the present mercury thermometer, pH and electrical study, two artificial sand mine ponds was conductivity (EC) by using (pH- EC meter, HI selected approximately (100- 150 meter) apart 9812, Hanna Instrument) in the field. Dissolved from the main course of Greater Zab River near oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand Kundik village, in addition to one site on (BOD5) by using Winkler azide method, nitrate Greater Zab River near Khabat subdistrict content with using UV- spectrophotometer, (Figure 1). Studied ponds was chosen at the ammonium using indophenols' blue method, end of excavation phase, when these ponds and reactive phosphate using became hydrologically mature, its depth differ phosphomolybdate- ascorbic acid reduction greatly from pond to other but as a mean it procedure. While for shrimp collection ranged from 6 to 12 meter. Water source of plankton net (of 55 μm mesh size) was used these ponds either fed mainly by groundwater and samples were fixed in 5% formalin in the from river (because it haven’t directly inlet or field and preserved with 70% ethanol in the outlet connection to the river) or in wet months laboratory. from rainfall.

Fig. 1: Maps Shows A: Northern part of Iraq, B: Studied area and C: Sampling artificial sand mine ponds and Greater Zab River (From Google earth). 91 Shekha et al. /ZJPAS: 2017, 29(5): 84-96

-1 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION µg PO4-P.l . The sources of phosphate content Water quality variables of artificial sand mines comes from domestic sewage enriched with ponds and Greater Zab River during studied detergent, fertilizers and erosion of soil period were summarized in Table (1). Water [Lampert and Sommer, 2007]. This was lower temperature was ranged from 20- 22°C in pond than found by [Shekha et al., 2017; Shekha and 1 and 22- 24°C in pond 2, while it was 21.5- Al- Abaychi, 2013] and higher than that 23°C in Greater Zab river. [Akindele et al., observed by [Mohammed Amin and Shekha, 2013] demonstrated that the changes in water 2016]. Dissolved oxygen concentration in pond -1 temperature may be due to variation in weather 1 fall below 5 mg.l which coincided by high -1 condition, seasonality, nature of area and time BOD5 content (5- 5.5 mg.l ), while pond 2 of sampling. Same results were observed by characterized by higher oxygen content 6- 6.3 -1 -1 many researchers in different area [Shekha, mg.l , with less BOD5 values (2- 4.1 mg.l ). 2016; Mohammed Amin and Shekha, 2016]. [Oˈ Sullivan and Reynolds, 2004] noted that pH value was tend to be in the alkaline side of dissolved oxygen is consumed as a result of neutrality, with mean value ranged from 7.1 to activity of organisms and decomposition of 7.7 in sand mine ponds, but it was higher in organic matter. Greater Zab River with maximum pH value 7.85, it may be attributed to catchment area In this study, two species of shrimp were and dominated of carbonate ions. This come in recorded in studied areas, Mysis relicta which accordance with result of [Ali, 2010] and lower was collected in two artificial sand mine ponds, than that obtained by [Shekha, 2009]. and Macrobrachium nipponense was collected Conductivity value of pond 1 is higher than from Greater Zab River. pond 2, which ranged from 465 to 480 µS.cm-1. The full descriptions and details of both The nature of pond 1 differ from pond 2 due to recorded species are as follow: containing of more nutrients and organic matter Descriptions of Mysis relicta Loven, 1862 as shown in (table 1). Generally, higher Male length 11-17mm, female length 17- concentration of nutrients were observed in 23mm. Eyes; large stalked, pear shaped with pond 1 compared to pond 2 with maximum ocular papilla, cornea wider than stalk about -1 - value 1.91 mg NO3-N.l and 11.1 µg NH4-N.l 0.4 of whole eye. Antenna; antennal scale 1 for NO3 and NH4 respectively. Most of these elongated and setose all over, apex rounded, nutrients comes from agricultural activities and with a small terminal suture, antennal peduncle fertilizers in the area [Dodds and Whiles, about 0.5 the length of antennal scale, longer 2010]. [Jun et al., 2012] reported that NH4 and more robust in the males. Mandibles; first concentration in aquatic ecosystem depend on segment of mandibular palp is minute without quantity of oxygen, pH decomposition of setae, second segment about 4 times as long as organic matter and water temperature. Low broad, distal segment about 4-5 times as long ammonium concentration in Greater Zab River as broad, on the lower margin there are a row may be related to good aeration lead to oxidize of thick serrated setae distally and several it to nitrate. [Welch et al., 2004] stated that simple setae proximally. Maxilla; distal nitrification process depend on oxygen segment of endopod expanded with a row of availability. terminal strong setae. Maxillipede 1; a small Phosphate concentration was ranged from 3.2 lamellar naked epipod on the coxa, and three to 7.8 µg.l-1 in the studied ponds, meanwhile, it expanded lobes on the endopod covered was highest in Greater Zab River with 20- 135 densely with different types of setae. 92 Shekha et al. /ZJPAS: 2017, 29(5): 84-96

Table 1: Some water quality characteristics for sand mine ponds and Greater Zab River, data represented as minimum and maximum values.

Maxillipede 2; expanding up to labrum, broadest at the base and tapering distally, ischium about 2 times as long as broad with lateral margins armed with spine setae, distal many long setae on the medial margin, merus margin with a V-shaped cleft serrated with about 3 times as long as broad with short setae about 30-40 laminae. on the medial margin and many short and long satae distally on the lateral margin, dactylus Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849) about 2 times as long as broad with thick Male total length 80-97mm, carapace length serrated setae on the distal third of the segment, 41-43 mm. Female length 62-84mm, carapace no nail is present. length 20-32mm. Rostrum strait, dorsal Carapace; produced anteriorly into a rostral rostrum with about 11-14 teeth, ventral rostrum plat with blunting angle end between the eyes with 2-4 teeth (Fig. 3, 4). Broader part of stalks, carapace anterolateral angles rounded, rostrum at the middle (with about ¼ length), posterior margin of carapace emarginated, extending beyond antennal peduncle and leaving 0.5-1.5 of the posterior thoracic beyond tip of scaphocerite (excluding setea). somites exposed dorsally, a traverse row of Two of dorsal rostral teeth behind orbit. pores in a cardial position. Thoracic sternites Hepatic spine at a level lower than antennal are longer and well developed in males. spine. Abdomen; segments 4 and 5 sub equal in In adult male the second pair of pereiopods are length, while segment 6 about 1.5- 2 times equal in size, long and all segments covered longer than segment 5 (Fig. 2). densely with short pubescence. Carpus longer The male penis with 8-10 distal and many than merus and shorter than propodus. Chela lateral setae. All female pleopods and male with stiff hairs on entire surface, cutting edge pleopods 1, 2 and 5 are reduced to simple of finger of propodus with 1 proximal tooth, unsegmented setose plates. Male pleopod 3 cutting edge of dactylus without tubercules. biramous with sub marginal row of setae on the sympod, exopod 5-6 segmented, endopod unsegmented, setose, with medially extending The descriptions and measurements of two proximal apophysis bearing 3-5 setae. Male present specimens are nearly close to those pleopod 4 biramous, endopod similar to that of reported by [Salman, 2006; Grave and Ghane, pleopod 3, exopod elongated, extending 2006; Sherman et al., 1987; Brophy and Penk, beyond telson in mature males composed of 6 2008]. segments. Uropods; exopod about 1.4 times the length of endopod, exopod and endopod setose all around, medial margin of endopod with several spine setae. Length of telson is equal to the length of the last abdominal somite, 93 Shekha et al. /ZJPAS: 2017, 29(5): 84-96

Fig. 2: Mysis relicta: a. A live specimen; b. Whole specimen (camera lucida); c. carapace; d. telson; e. front view of maxilla; f. female maxillipede; g. male maxillipede.

record represents the first one in this country. Most studies referred to that M. relicta favored In spite of the presence of definite number of cooled aerated ecosystem. The unfavorable lakes, streams and ponds in Iraq, studies of physicochemical variables of water in ponds at Malacostraca are very few and concentrated in the present study may be behind reduction of middle and southern parts. However, the population of M. relicta. [Horppila et al., Macrobrachium nipponense was recently 2003] suggested during their investigation on recorded for the first time by [Salman et al., Mysis relicta in eutrophic Lake that without 2006] in Abu-Zirig Marsh. But there is no predation larger part of the mysid population previous recording of this species in Kurdistan would probably have survived in the narrow region and the present record regarded as a first corridor between the layers of too low oxygen occurrence of M. nipponense in this region. and high temperature (assuming that the It is worth to mention that there are no precious tolerance limit of M. relicta is 3 mg.l-1 in reports about Mysis relicta in Iraq. The present dissolved oxygen and 14°C in water 94 Shekha et al. /ZJPAS: 2017, 29(5): 84-96 temperature). [Smith, 1970; Smith, 2001] reported oxygen tolerance limits of M. relicta commented that the M. relicta can tolerate a have varied between 1 and 4 mg.l-1 [Dadswell, wide range of temperatures, but the upper limit 1974; Sherman et al., 1987]. for long exposure times is 10–14°C. The

Fig. 3: Macrobrachium nipponense; a. whole amount; b. rostrum (4X); c. tail fan (3X); e. pereiopod (3X).

Fig. 4: Macrobrachium nipponense male; a. lateral view; b. rostrum; c. scaphocerite; d. second pereiopod (hair removed); e. tail fan; f. telson. 95 Shekha et al. /ZJPAS: 2017, 29(5): 84-96

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