SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL ZONE DEVELOPMENT in PERU GEF Project ID 9206
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SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL ZONE DEVELOPMENT IN PERU GEF Project ID 9206 Environmental and Social Management Plan Management and mitigation measures to integrate environmental and social sustainability elements into project implementation Table of Contents 1. Project Description ................................................................................................................ 2 1.1. Project context .............................................................................................................. 2 1.2 Environmental characteristics of the project area ........................................................ 4 Precipitation .......................................................................................................................... 4 Temperature ......................................................................................................................... 4 Relative Humidity .................................................................................................................. 5 Winds..................................................................................................................................... 5 Hydrogeology ........................................................................................................................ 6 Vegetation ............................................................................................................................. 6 Fauna ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Land use and urban zoning ................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Demography and socio-economic conditions ............................................................... 8 Socio-economic conditions ................................................................................................... 9 Main socio-economic problems ............................................................................................ 9 1.4 Socio-environmental Issues ........................................................................................ 10 Noise pollution .................................................................................................................... 11 Atmospheric emissions and air quality ............................................................................... 12 Lead Contamination ............................................................................................................ 13 River and sea pollution ........................................................................................................ 14 Solid waste management .................................................................................................... 14 2. Policy, legal, and administrative framework ....................................................................... 15 2.1 Policy Framework ........................................................................................................ 15 2.2 Legal and Administrative Framework ......................................................................... 16 2.3 Laws, Regulations, Guidelines and Standards ............................................................. 16 2.4. Relevant international agreements ............................................................................ 18 3. Environmental and social impacts ...................................................................................... 18 3.1 Positive environmental and social impacts ................................................................. 18 3.2 Adverse socio-environmental impacts ........................................................................ 19 3.3 Mitigation Measures ................................................................................................... 23 3.4 Environmental and social sustainability monitoring ................................................... 24 3.5 Capacity Development and Stakeholder Engagement ................................................ 25 Stakeholder Engagement .................................................................................................... 25 Capacity Building ................................................................................................................. 26 3.6 Implementation of the ESMP ...................................................................................... 26 1. Project Description 1.1. Project context The Project “Sustainable industrial zone development in Peru” focuses on the Constitutional Province of Callao1, seat of the city of Callao, a natural port of the metropolitan city of Lima, capital of Peru, founded in colonial times. Callao currently congregates the major industrial infrastructures of the country, along with Peru’s most important port and airport, the Jorge Chávez International Airport. The Province of Callao, comprising seven districts (Fig. No 1 and 2) - including the Callao District - has a total surface area of around 4,600 hectares, hosts 3,180 businesses (20% of the country's manufacturing industry) and - through its port - handles around 75% of Peruvian imports and exports. A total of 25,000 people are employed in several industrial areas (concentrated along the Gambetta, Faucett and Argentina Avenues) covering companies from a variety of industrial sectors, including food processing, chemicals and plastics production, foundries and metal processing, logistics, amongst others. Figure No 1 Map of the Constitutional Province of Callao in relation to Metropolitan Lima Note: The new district of Mi Peru was formed from a division of the Ventanilla District in 2014. 1 The administrative and political denomination “Province of Callao” will be used in this document. This territory comprises 7 districts, including the Callao district also known as “Callao Cercado”, and its limits coincide with the jurisdiction of the Callao Region. From an environmental and resource perspective, Region and Province could be used interchangeably, but we prefer Province as urban land use zoning and other relevant environmental competencies belong to the provincial jurisdiction. Figure No. 2 Location map of the Constitutional Province of Callao The 2010 PRODUCE Business Directory reports eight primary industrial sectors in the Callao District with a total of 358 companies and 14,435 employees. In the rest of the Province, covering the District Municipalities of Bellavista, Callao, Carmen de La Legua Reynoso, La Perla, La Punta and Ventanilla, there are 612 companies in these main sectors with almost 20,000 employees. Industrial activities located in Callao generate a wide range of pollutants. Air emissions (particulates, SO2, NOX) and GHG emissions from industrial activities are mainly caused by food, fish processing, chemical, metal/foundries, plastic and textile industries due to industrial operations with high heat requirements, inefficient technology (low tech and old technology), losses due to bad insulation and inadequate operation and maintenance. Further inadequate operation of cooling systems leads to the outflow of refrigerants with very high global warming potential (GWP). Other air pollutants, acting as precursors for GHG like NMVOC, SO2, NOx and CO have also been reported by the Regional Health Directorate (DIRESA-Callao). Considerable PCDD/PCDF emissions are produced from inadequate combustion and untreated emissions from, for example, the metallurgic industry. Lead pollution has been a historical problem derived from the transport of minerals in open trucks to the port area and from these to export containers. 1.2 Environmental characteristics of the project area Precipitation The area is characterized as having mild precipitation, in terms of intensity and volume, which originates from the cold oceanic mass of the Coastal Current (especially in the winter time) that gives rise to the formation of dense layers of fog or low clouds of stratocumulus. This generates a frequent and mild winter rain known as drizzle or garua, a type of precipitation characterized by having a very small droplet size (less than 0.5 mm diameter). Results from 44 years of record-keeping at the Jorge Chávez meteorological station show periods of increased rainfall between June and September; indicating that the wet season is concentrated in these months. This rainfall, however, never reaches a high level, but only slightly moistens the surface soil and sometimes causes some slight flooding in paved areas and trenches. As of October, when the dry season begins, precipitation diminished significantly, reaching values lower than 0.1 mm/day (Table No 1). Table No 1. Precipitation: Monthly Total Precipitation (with an average annual value of 7 mm) Precipitation Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Maximum 10.5 2.9 2.5 0.7 3.2 4.8 3.3 6 6.7 2.9 1.5 1.8 Average 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.4 Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Source: CORPAC S.A. – Área de Meteorología Aeronáutica, 2014. Given low monthly and annual rainfall, the climate of the coast in Callao is considered extremely arid, despite sporadic heavy rainfall in summer months, which are not necessarily linked to El Niño Phenomenon or to climate change. These rare occasions have been known to cause significant damage to people, infrastructure and services because the coastal zone and its urban areas are not prepared for this