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7.1 L. Ron Hubbard: Personifiseringen Av Scientologien

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7.1 L. Ron Hubbard: Personifiseringen Av Scientologien ”Her står du, på en tornet og ugjestmild grunn. På den andre siden av kløften finnes et høyere nivå der ting er langt bedre. Scientologi er broen over den kløften – fra et lavere til et langt høyere eksistensnivå, en mer skinnende og lykkelig verden.”1 Forside: Manipulert versjon av forsiden til Hva er Scientology?: Den store encyclopedi [sic] om verdens raskest voksende religion (København: New Era Publications International APS, 1998). 1 Ukjent forfatter, Hva er Scientology?: Den store encyclopedi [sic] om verdens raskest voksende religion II Broen til total frihet En religionshistorisk studie av scientologiens frelseslære Masteroppgave i religionshistorie Institutt for kulturstudier og orientalske språk UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Våren 2011 60 sp III © Hans Joar Johannessen 2011 Broen til total frihet – en religionshistorisk studie av scientologiens frelseslære Hans Joar Johannessen http://www.duo.uio.no/ IV Forord Arbeidet med denne oppgaven har vært krevende, men også svært lærerikt. Det er flere personer som har bidratt i prosessen. Jeg vil først og fremst takke mine informanter i Oslo og Clearwater. Uten deres åpenhet og tålmodighet ovenfor en fremmed student med mange rare spørsmål kunne jeg aldri skrevet oppgaven jeg ønsket. En spesiell takk til mine kontaktpersoner, Mattias Fosse: informasjonssekretær ved Scientologikirken i Oslo, og Pat Hearney: public affairs director ved Flag Land Base i Clearwater. Min veileder Otto Krogseth har vært en viktig støtte gjennom hele prosessen. Hans positive innstilling og konstruktive tilbakemeldinger har vært en uvurderlig hjelp. En stor takk til mine medstudenter, spesielt Ole Martin, Aslak og Guro, som har gjort det (nesten) gøy å sitte på lesesalen til sent på kveld, dag etter dag. Uten min mac-kyndige kamerat Truong Vu Pham hadde forsiden og appendikset vært langt kjedeligere. Takk for din hjelp med scanning, bildebehandling og typografi. Reidun Berntsen Stordrange skal ha en veldig stor takk for iherdig korrekturlesning. Tusen takk til mine foreldre, Janet og Julius, for oppmuntrende ord og korrektur. Sist, men ikke minst, en stor takk til min fantastiske kone Selma. Vi har vært igjennom en slitsom periode med hver sin masteroppgave, men har støttet hverandre hele veien. Jeg aner ikke hvordan jeg skulle klart det uten deg. Hans Joar Johannessen Oslo, mai 2011 V VI Innholdsfortegnelse 1 Innledning ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Bakgrunn for valg av tema .......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Tema, spørsmål og problemstilling ............................................................................. 3 1.3 Oppgavens struktur ...................................................................................................... 4 2 Kilder, begrepsdefinisjoner, teori og metode ..................................................................... 5 2.1 Kilder ........................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Frelse og soteriologisk analyse .................................................................................... 8 2.3 Oppgavens religionsdefinisjon .................................................................................. 10 2.4 Deprivasjonsteori og religion som søken etter mening ............................................. 12 2.5 Intervju og deltakende observasjon som metode ....................................................... 14 2.6 Kontakt med feltet ..................................................................................................... 15 2.7 Utvalg av informanter ................................................................................................ 16 2.8 Erfaringer fra feltarbeidet .......................................................................................... 18 3 Kontekstuell bakgrunn ..................................................................................................... 21 3.1 Nyreligiøsitet og alternativ religion ........................................................................... 21 3.2 New Age .................................................................................................................... 22 3.3 Har den ”nye” religiøsiteten noe til felles? ................................................................ 23 3.4 Å forbedre seg gjennom religiøs praksis ................................................................... 24 3.5 Helbredelse og healing .............................................................................................. 25 3.6 Selvutvikling .............................................................................................................. 26 3.7 Ett fenomen med flere navn? ..................................................................................... 27 3.8 Sjelevandring ............................................................................................................. 28 3.9 Mytologisering og personlige myter .......................................................................... 29 4 Noen innledende aspekter ved scientologi ....................................................................... 30 4.1 Dianetikken: terapien som la grunnlaget for en ny religion ...................................... 30 4.2 Scientologien: en ortodoks religion ........................................................................... 31 4.3 Scientologien: et eventyr, livet: et spill ..................................................................... 32 4.4 Den vitenskapelige tilnærmingen .............................................................................. 33 4.5 Personlig integritet: å vite fremfor å tro .................................................................... 34 4.6 Det esoterisk språket .................................................................................................. 35 VII 5 Hva frelses man fra? ......................................................................................................... 37 5.1 Den uønskede tilstandens opprinnelse ....................................................................... 37 5.2 Mennesket: et ugunstig utgangspunkt ....................................................................... 39 5.3 Fra en ekte til en falsk virkelighet ............................................................................. 39 5.4 Konsekvensen av den uønskede tilstanden: lidelse for sinn, kropp og ånd ............... 40 5.5 Informantenes utgangspunkt...................................................................................... 43 5.6 Diskusjon ................................................................................................................... 45 6 Hvordan blir man frelst? .................................................................................................. 49 6.1 Auditering: scientologiens grunnleggende praksis .................................................... 49 6.2 Thetanen: en ny identitet? .......................................................................................... 51 6.3 Broen til total frihet: veien til frelse .......................................................................... 54 6.4 Starten på broen: introduksjonstjenestene ................................................................. 55 6.5 Å stige over broen: frigjøring og gjenvinning ........................................................... 57 6.6 Informantene om auditering og broen ....................................................................... 58 6.7 Diskusjon ................................................................................................................... 61 7 Finnes det en frelser? ........................................................................................................ 66 7.1 L. Ron Hubbard: personifiseringen av scientologien ................................................ 66 7.2 Hubbards mytiske biografi ........................................................................................ 67 7.3 Frelser og forbilde ..................................................................................................... 69 8 Hva frelses man til? .......................................................................................................... 71 8.1 Clear: frelsens første delmål ...................................................................................... 71 8.2 Opererende thetan: den esoteriske delen av frelsen ................................................... 73 8.3 Total frihet: scientologiens endelige frelse? .............................................................. 75 8.4 Informantene om målet med frelsen .......................................................................... 79 8.5 Diskusjon ................................................................................................................... 82 9 Hvem omfatter frelsen? .................................................................................................... 85 9.1 Dynamikkene: frelse for alle? .................................................................................... 85 9.2 En ny verden og en ny tid: verdens frelse? ................................................................ 87 9.3 Diskusjon ................................................................................................................... 89 10 Men er det religion? ........................................................................................................
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