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2016 Watershed Water Quality Annual Report

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2016 Watershed Water Quality Annual Report NYC Department of Environmental Protection 2019 Watershed Water Quality Annual Report July 2020 Vincent Sapienza, P.E., Commissioner Paul V. Rush, P.E., Deputy Commissioner Bureau of Water Supply Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................. i List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. xi List of Acronyms ......................................................................................................................... xiii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... xv Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... xvii 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Water Quality Monitoring of the Watershed ................................................................ 1 1.1.1 Grab Sample Monitoring ......................................................................... 2 1.1.2 Robotic Monitoring (RoboMon) Network .............................................. 3 1.1.3 Early Warning Remote Monitoring ......................................................... 6 1.2 Operations in 2019 to Control Turbidity and Fecal Coliforms ..................................... 7 2. Water Quantity .................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 2019 Watershed Precipitation ....................................................................................... 9 2.3 2019 Watershed Runoff .............................................................................................. 11 2.4 Reservoir Usable Storage Capacity in 2019 ............................................................... 14 3. Water Quality .................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Monitoring Overview.................................................................................................. 15 3.2 Reservoir Turbidity Patterns in 2019 .......................................................................... 15 3.3 Coliform-Restricted Basin Assessments in 2019 ........................................................ 17 3.3.1 Terminal Basin Assessments ................................................................. 18 3.3.2 Non-Terminal Basin Assessments ........................................................ 18 3.4 Reservoir Fecal and Total Coliform Patterns in 2019 ................................................ 19 3.5 Phosphorus-Restricted Basin Assessments in 2019 .................................................... 23 3.6 Reservoir Total Phosphorus Patterns in 2019 ............................................................. 26 3.7 Reservoir Comparisons to Benchmarks in 2019 ......................................................... 27 3.8 Reservoir Trophic Status in 2019 ............................................................................... 31 3.9 Water Quality in the Major Inflow Streams in 2019 .................................................. 34 3.10 Stream Comparisons to Benchmarks in 2019 ............................................................. 38 i 3.11 Zebra Mussel Monitoring ........................................................................................... 43 3.12 Stream Biomonitoring ................................................................................................. 43 3.13 Supplemental Contaminant Monitoring ...................................................................... 44 3.13.1 Volatile (VOC) and Semivolatile Organic (SVOC) Compounds ......... 44 3.13.2 Metals Monitoring ................................................................................. 45 3.14 Special Studies ............................................................................................................ 49 3.14.1 Foamstream: An Alternative to Common Herbicides ........................... 49 3.14.2 Emerging Contaminant Monitoring Project .......................................... 49 3.14.3 Croton System Taste and Odor Event ................................................... 50 3.14.4 Titicus Fuel Spill ................................................................................... 51 3.14.5 Cross River and Croton Falls Pump Stations ........................................ 52 3.14.6 Ultrasonic Treatment for Algal Control Pilot Project ........................... 53 3.14.7 Algal Toxins .......................................................................................... 53 3.14.8 Water Quality Improvements in Catskill Mountain Streams for Stream Management Plans ................................................................................ 54 3.14.9 Conversion of Septic to Sewer Evaluation ............................................ 55 3.14.10 Investigation of Giardia in the Rondout Basin ..................................... 55 3.14.11 Lower Esopus Sediment Sampling ....................................................... 56 3.14.12 Moodna Shaft 7 Investigation ............................................................... 56 3.14.13 Ashokan West Basin Algal Bloom ........................................................ 56 3.14.14 Ashokan East Elevation Mixing Profiles .............................................. 57 3.14.15 UV254 Absorbance Jar Tests .................................................................. 57 3.14.16 Disinfection Byproduct Precursor Studies ............................................ 57 4. Kensico Reservoir ............................................................................................................. 59 4.1 Kensico Reservoir Overview ...................................................................................... 59 4.2 Reservoir Raw Water Quality Compliance................................................................. 61 4.3 Kensico Watershed Monitoring and Turbidity Curtain Inspections ........................... 66 4.3.1 Kensico Watershed Monitoring ............................................................ 66 4.3.2 Turbidity Curtain Inspection ................................................................. 69 4.4 Wildlife Management ................................................................................................. 71 4.4.1 Waterfowl Management ........................................................................ 71 4.4.2 Terrestrial Wildlife Management .......................................................... 72 4.5 Kensico Research Projects and Special Investigations ............................................... 74 4.5.1 Bryozoans .............................................................................................. 74 4.5.2 Special Investigations within the Watershed......................................... 78 ii Table of Contents 4.5.2.1 E10 Special Investigation: March 5, 2019 ............................................ 78 4.5.2.2 Kensico Shoreline Stabilization Project: May 2019 through December 2019 ....................................................................................................... 78 4.5.2.3 Canine Study: June 17 – June 20, 2019 ................................................ 79 4.5.2.4 Storm Event Kensico Reservoir - October 16 – October 20, 2019 ....... 79 5. Pathogen Monitoring and Research .................................................................................. 81 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 81 5.2 Source Water Results .................................................................................................. 82 5.2.1 2019 Source Water Results Compared to Historical Data .................... 89 5.2.2 2019 Source Water Compared to Regulatory Levels ............................ 94 5.2.3 2019 Source Water Matrix Spike and Quality Control Results ............ 96 5.3 Upstate Reservoir Outflows ........................................................................................ 97 5.4 Watershed Streams and WWTPs .............................................................................. 102 5.5 CAT/DEL UV Plant and Hillview Reservoir Monitoring ........................................ 113 6. Water Quality Modeling ................................................................................................. 117 6.1. Overview ................................................................................................................... 117 6.2. Prediction of Precipitation at Ungauged Locations in the West of Hudson Watersheds ................................................................................................................................... 117 6.2.1. Introduction ......................................................................................... 117 6.2.2. Data ....................................................................................................
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