WWW.IRCF.ORG TABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES &IRCF AMPHIBIANS REPTILES • VOL &15, AMPHIBIANS NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 189 27(2):257–258 • AUG 2020

IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FEATURE ARTICLES Play. Chasing Bullsnakes Behavior (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: by a Yellow Monitor, On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 Varanus. The Shared flavescens History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis (Hardwicke) and Humans on Grenada: and Gray 1827) A Hypothetical Excursion ...... Robert W. Henderson 198

NaimRESEARCH Khandakar, ARTICLES Kamrun Nahar Jeny, Shariful Islam, Md. Azizul Hakim, and Iftekharul Amin Pony . The TexasDepartment Horned Lizard of Zoology, in Central Jagannath and Western University, Texas ...... Dhaka-1100, Emily Henry, Bangladesh Jason Brewer, ([email protected]) Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida ...... Brian J. Camposano,Photographs Kenneth L. by Krysko, the senior Kevin M. author. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 CONSERVATION ALERT . World’s Mammals in Crisis ...... 220 . More Than Mammals ...... 223 lay is defined as an. The activity “Dow Jones in Index” which of Biodiversity an animal ...... engages Within animal groups, a propensity...... 225 for play appears to be Pfor pleasure orHUSBANDRY enjoyment rather than for any serious or correlated with brain size (Iwaniuk 2001). Primates display the practical purpose. Initially,. Captive Care play of the was Central thought Netted Dragon to ...... be limited most play behavior among Shannon mammals Plummer 226 (Burghardt 2014). This to mammals and birds,PROFILE but efforts to define it more objec- has been linked to their relatively high energy efficiency in deal- tively have led to the identification. Kraig Adler: A Lifetime of Promotingplay in Herpetologya variety ...... of other ing with the costs of maintenance Michael L. Treglia and growth234 (Burghardt 2014; taxa (Burghardt 2014) as diverse as reptiles, including moni- Pontzer et al. 2014), which could provide the excess energy COMMENTARY tor lizards (Hill 1946; Kane et al. 2019), turtles (Burghardt required to facilitate both increased cognitive capacity and play. . The Turtles Have Been Watching Me ...... Eric Gangloff 238 et al. 1996; Kramer and Burghardt 1998), and crocodilians Monitor lizards, with their high cognitive capacity and problem- (Lazell and SpitzerBOOK 1977; REVIEWDinets 2015). Herein, we describe solving abilities, energy efficiency, dexterous appendages, and . Threatened Amphibians of the World edited by S.N. Stuart, M. Hoffmann, J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, presumptive play behaviorR. Berridge, of a Yellow P. Ramani, Monitorand B.E. Young ( Varanus ...... fla- acute vision (Dryden et al. 1990; Robert Powell Cooper 243 et al. 2000; Manrod vescens) in Bangladesh. et al. 2008; Gaalema 2011; Mendyk and Horn 2011), may be At 1033 h on 8CONSERVATION March 2019, RESEARCH we noticed REPORTS: a YellowSummaries of Publishedregarded Conservation in some Research ways Reports as ...... the squamate 245 equivalent of primates.  NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ...... 247 Monitor swimming NEWBRIEFS in a wetland ...... at Mirpara in Dhaka, ...... 248 Bangladesh (23.72735 EDITORIAL°N, 90 .48620INFORMATION°E). The ...... monitor was Literature...... Cited 251  swimming in a verticalFOCUS position, ON CONSERVATION alternately: A Projectmoving You Can for Support- ...... Burghardt, G.M. 2014. A brief glimpse at the long 252 evolutionary history of play. ward and backward, between periods during which it floated Animal Behavior and Cognition 1: 90–98. Burghardt, G.M., B. Ward, and R. Rosscoe1996. Problem of reptile play: motionless on the surface. We observed five repetitions of this Environmental enrichment and play behavior in a captive Nile soft shelled apparent play behavior in a 30-minute period. These lasted turtle, Trionyx triunguis. Zoo Biology 15: 223–238. Front Cover. Shannon Plummer. Back Cover. Michael Kern 149, 178, 94, 164, and 130 seconds, respectively (mean = 143 Cooper, T., A. Liew, G. Andrle, E. Cafritz, H. Dallas, T. Niesen, E. Slater, J. Totat et velleseque audant mo TotatStockert, et velleseque T. Vold, audant M. mo Young, and J. Mendelson III. 2019. Latency in prob- sec) and the gaps between each boutestibus lasted inveliquo 40, 65, velique 32, rerchil and 23 estibuslem inveliquo solving asvelique evidence rerchil for learning in varanid and helodermatid lizards, with erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus,comments quos accullabo. on foraging Ilibus techniques. Copeia 107: 78–84. seconds, respectively (mean = 40 sec).aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum fugiatis maionsequat eumque fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as accullabo.

Fig. 1. Presumptive play behavior by a Yellow Monitor (Varanus flavescens) swimming in a vertical position while alternately moving forward and backward.

Copyright © 2020. Naim Khandakar. All rights reserved. 257 IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians ISSN 1098-6324 KHANDAKAR ET AL. IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 27(2):257–258 • AUG 2020

Fig. 2. A Yellow Monitor (Varanus flavescens) floating motionless on the surface between bouts of actively swimming in a vertical position.

Dinets, V. 2015. Play behavior in crocodilians. Animal Behavior and Cognition 2: Kramer, M. and G.M. Burghardt. 1998. Precocious courtship and play in emydid 49–55. turtles. Ethology 104: 38–56. Dryden, G., B. Green, D. King, and J. Losos. 1990. Water and energy turnover in Lazell, J.D. and N.C. Spitzer. 1977. Apparent play behavior in an American a small monitor lizard, Varanus acanthurus. Wildlife Research 17: 641–646. Alligator. Copeia 1977: 188. Gaalema, D.E. 2011. Visual discrimination and reversal learning in Rough-necked Manrod, J.D., R. Hartdegen, and G.M. Burghardt. 2008. Rapid solving of a prob- Monitor Lizards (Varanus rudicollis). Journal of Comparative Psychology 125: lem apparatus by juvenile Black-throated Monitor Lizards (Varanus albigularis 246–249. albigularis). Animal Cognition 11: 267–273. Hill, C. 1946. Playtime at the zoo. Zoo-Life 1: 24–26. Mendyk, R.W. and H.G. Horn. 2011. Skilled forelimb movements and extrac- tive foraging in the arboreal monitor lizard Varanus beccarii (Doria, 1874). Iwaniuk, A.N., J.E. Nelson, and S.M. Pellis. 2001. Do big-brained animals play Herpetological Review 42: 343–349. more? Comparative analyses of play and relative brain size in mammals. Pontzer, H., D.A. Raichlen, A.D. Gordon, K.K. Schroepfer-Walker, M.C. Hare, Journal of Comparative Psychology 115: 29–41. M.F. O’Neill, K.M. Muldoon, H.M. Dunsworth, B.M. Wood, K. Isler, J. Kane, D., A.C. Davis, and C.J. Michaels. 2019. Play behaviour by captive tree Burkart, M. Irwin, R.W. Shumaker, E.W. Lonsdorf, and S.R. Ross. 2014. monitors, Varanus macraei and Varanus prasinus. Herpetological Bulletin 149: Primate energy expenditure and life history. Proceedings of the National 28–31. Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111: 1433–1437.

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