NAME PARISH Breamore HUNDRED NGR SU 158180 GEOLOGY River Gravel, Upper Chalk to the W

SITE CONTEXT Breamore lies on the W side of the River Avon. The main core of the present day settlement lies on the valley floor at just below 35m OD. The church and Upper Street lie on the terraces to the W at between 45 and 50m OD. To the W the land continues to rise and increases in steepness up to the chalk downs. The church lies about 1km NW of the main area of settlement.

PLAN TYPE & DESCRIPTION Irregular row and common edge

The Upper Street area of settlement consists of an irregular row of farms and houses mainly on the W side of the road with a few houses on the E side. To the N the church lies in relative isolation with to the N. However, in the park of the house to the NW and E of the church there are the earthworks of house sites with further earthworks.

Almost 1km to the SE of the church there is a large area of common edge settlement with cottages scattered around the edge of Breamore Marsh. There is one large rectangular area of encroachment on the W side of the main N-S road.

AREAS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL Breamore is a large settlement and therefore has several AHAPs and AAPs.

The church forms the focus for the first AHAP. There are quite extensive settlement earthworks to the W, N and S of the church indicating that the church formed a focus for settlement in the medieval period. There is little in the way of dating evidence as most of the surrounding area is pasture and so field-walking has not been possible. To the SW of the church there is an area of settlement known as Upper Street where medieval pottery has been recovered from field-walking. A timber framed house destroyed by fire, showed that settlement was developing in this area by the C16 at least and possibly as early as the C14 as the the building began as a cruck construction hall house. At the S end of this area and on the E side there is a small AAP which covers the rear part of a block of properties that appear to form a regular row.

An AHAP covers the area around North Street Farm to the SE of the church. Field- walking in this area has shown that this was possibly a significant area of settlement in the medieval period as a dense scatter of pottery has been recovered. The course of the road to the church from North Street Farm has been altered and as field- walking in this area was not possible because the land was under pasture, this area is an AAP until further work can establish whether settlement stretched from the church to North Street Farm.

1 The largest area of settlement today is along the main - road and around the Marsh. It is uncertain whether the growth in settlement in this area coincides with the shift in population from the area around the church. The area shows evidence for encroachment onto the common which may indicate that it is later medieval or post-medieval development and so the principal areas of occupation on and around the common are AAPs.

CHURCH & CHURCHYARD St Mary. The most important Anglo-Saxon monument in according to Pevsner. A date of c. 1000 is most likely.

A Saxon minster church. (?) The church is often referred to as a minster church but it appears that was the principal settlement as at Domesday Breamore belonged to Rockbourne which was a royal manor. Why was the minster in Breamore rather than Rockbourne?

The chapels of Charford and Hale belonged to the Priory of Breamore and were possibly gifts of Hugh and Baldwin de Redvers.

BUILDINGS (Listed) Breamore Mill Mid C19 II Bremore Mill House Mid C19 II Stables 20m S C18 C19 II Roundhill Fmhse C17 II Barn 20m E C17 II Cartshed 40m E C18 II Church of St Mary I Breamore House 1583 with C18 alterations II* Stables 30m NNW C18 II Tower 60m NW Mid C19 II Breamore Cottage C17 with C18 extensions II Church Cottage Early C19 II Barn 10m W of Breamore Cottage Now residential C17 II Museum Cottage C17 II Well Cottage C18 II Park Gate C17 II The Drive C17 II 1 and 2 Home Farm Cottage Now 2 late C18 and C19 II Barn 30m S C17 I* Granary 50m E C18 II Cart shed 80m SE C18 II Flood St Fmhse Flood St C17 II Cartshed 10m N C18 II Comptons Marsh Lane C17 II refronted C19 II Dodington House The Marsh Early C19 II Barn 20m E Early C19 II Dovecote 25m SE Now a dwelling C17 early C19 II Granary 30m S Early C19 II

2 1 and 2 Yew Tree Cottages C17 and early C19 II Marsh Gate Lodge C17 early C19 II Orchard and Swiss Cottages C16 timber framed II Willow and Marsh Gate C17 and C18 II Willow Tree Cottage C17 and C18 II Capsicor and adjoining cottage Now 2 C17 II Marsh Fm Cottages C17 II Barn at Dog Kennel Fm North St C17 II North St Fmhse C17 II Barn 10m NW C17 II North St Fm Cottage Once 2 C17 with early C19 cladding II Shepherds Cottage Rectory Lane C18 II Granary Rookery Lane Early C19 II Clements Cottage and Hawthorn Cottage School Lane C16 with C19 features II Virginia Cottage Once 2 C18 early C19 extension II Marsh Holding C17 early C19 II The Old Dairy Cottage Salisbury Rd C17 C18 II Granary at Green Fm Early C19 II Old Post Office and Meadow View once 3 now 2 Late C18 extended early C19 II The Long House Once 3 now 1 C18 II Merryfields C17 on site of earlier house remodelled early C18 C19 II 1-3 Japonica C18 II Old Forge Cottage and Forge C17 with C18 cladding II Estate Office Upper St C17 II Depot Cottage C17 II Thatched Cottages 1 and 2 Early C17 II Pontings Cottage Early C17 II The Rookery C16 C18 cladding II Granary at the Rookery C18 II Cross Trees Cottage and 1 Thatched Cottage Row now 2 C17 II Dairy House Mid C19 II 1 and 2 Dairy Cottages C17 II Topps Fm Cottage C18 II Hope Cottage C17 and early C19 II Reads Cottage C16 cruck reclad C18 II Topps Fmhse C18 and C19 II Granary 20m S Early C19 II

(Un-listed)

SMR DATA SU11NE 1 15321888 Saxon church 3 16271785 Site of St Micheal's Priory SAM 537 4 15871785 Post med stocks 6 17001700 Paleo flint tool 16 16201750 Post med watermill

3 25 15501780 Neo stone tool 34 15111937 Post med gate C18 37 15881805 Med chapel 38 15751880 Site of med building 39 16401885 Site of med building 40 16101755 ditto 41 16051780 ditto 42 15481787 ditto 43 15311886 Med coffin 44 15321917 ditto 49 15201920 Paleo flint tool 53 16201740 Pillbox 54 16201740 ditto 55 16201760 ditto 59 15301930 Post med ice house 62 15001900 Landscape park 64 17001700 Meso stone tool 65 18001800 Roman pot 67 15201760 Flint debitage, Roman pot, med pot 68 15201790 Flint debitage, med pot 69 15301730 Flint debitage, Roman pot, med pot 71 15101710 ditto 72 15501950 Flint debitage 73 15501980 Flint debitage, Roman pot, med pot 74 15901850 ditto 75 16001830 Roman occupation site 76 16001880 Flint debitage, Roman pot, med pot 77 16201960 ditto 78 16301930 ditto Neo settlement site 79 16401950 ditto 84 15401880 Earthworks Possible site of old manor, holloway, house platform and med pot 85 15201850 Flint debitage, Roman pot, med pot 86 15901940 ditto 87 16201850 ditto 88 16301890 Flint debitage, med pot

ADDITIONAL SITES/FEATURES No new sites recorded

CARTOGRAPHIC SOURCES

BIBLIOGRAPHY

PRIMARY HISTORIC SOURCES Domesday Breamore belongs to the manor of Rockbourne which the King holds and King Edward held...... In lordship 1 pl; 4 villagers and 8 smallholders with 4

4 pl. Meadow, 82 acres. 2.5 hides of this manor and a wood ar 50 pigs are in the Forest; this paid 51s 8d. To this manor belongs 1 hide on the which Gervi holds; £9 came into the king's revenue from there and a priest had 20s. 0.5 hide of this manor which Wulfmer holds lies in the King's Forest. Amongst Breamore, Rockbourne, Broughton and Burgate £13 10s falls in the Forest.

Subsidy Rolls 1334 3. 13. 2/2f 1524 4. 3. 2 (36 taxpayers)

Manorial Documents Manors of Breamore Courtney (recorded 1296) and Breamore Bulborn which was based upon land granted to the priory. Hearth Tax 1665 139 hearths chargeable (58 houses) 16 hearths not chargeable (12 houses) Total 70 houses

PLACE NAME 1086 Brumore OE Brommor 'broom covered marsh or moor'.

PHOTOGRAPHS

OTHER PROJECT ARCHIVE ELEMENTS Fieldwork has shown that buildings were grouped around the present driveway to Breamore House and to the E of the church. E of the village, field walking has located the site of another small settlement, probably a hamlet grouped around the near-by cross-roads. Occupation from the C12-C14 is indicated by the pottery recovered. Abandoned holdings are recorded from the 1420's and as little C15 pottery has been found at either of the settlement areas, it appears that they had been deserted by this time. Certainly by the late C16 there were few houses remaining near the church (Hughes, 1994, p208).

Excavations on the site of the priory revealed the cloister and several stone coffins (VCH IV, 596).

Extensive fieldwalking in the parish has revealed several areas of medieval occupation (see map).

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